WO2023164878A1 - 罩极启动普极运行电机 - Google Patents

罩极启动普极运行电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164878A1
WO2023164878A1 PCT/CN2022/079031 CN2022079031W WO2023164878A1 WO 2023164878 A1 WO2023164878 A1 WO 2023164878A1 CN 2022079031 W CN2022079031 W CN 2022079031W WO 2023164878 A1 WO2023164878 A1 WO 2023164878A1
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Prior art keywords
yoke
pole
phase
winding
alternating current
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PCT/CN2022/079031
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗灿
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罗灿
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Application filed by 罗灿 filed Critical 罗灿
Priority to PCT/CN2022/079031 priority Critical patent/WO2023164878A1/zh
Publication of WO2023164878A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164878A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/04—Asynchronous induction motors for single phase current
    • H02K17/10—Motors with auxiliary phase obtained by split-pole carrying short-circuited windings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a single-phase AC shaded pole motor.
  • the armature winding adopts the yoke winding to be arranged along the yoke section; the single-phase alternating current is passed through according to the cover method, and the yoke magnetic flux formed by the yoke winding of each section is gathered, and different tooth magnetic fluxes are formed in the nearest adjacent teeth.
  • the magnetic flux of the tooth part of the cover method passes through the shade pole to form a rotating stator magnetic field
  • the tooth flux of the cover method passes through the common pole to form an alternating stator magnetic field
  • the tooth flux of the cover method passes through the common pole to form a rotating stator Magnetic field
  • the tooth magnetic flux of the cover-common hybrid method passes through the cover pole and common pole at the same time to form a mixed stator magnetic field
  • the stator magnetic field with various speeds drives the rotor.
  • the motor is composed of stator, rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components.
  • the motor is generally a cylindrical rotor located inside the center of the motor, and a circular stator located outside to surround the rotor. This is an inner rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can realize that the cylindrical stator is located inside the center of the motor, and the ring-shaped rotor is located outside to surround the stator, which is an outer rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can also realize the axial flux motor in which the disc stator is located on one side of the motor, the disc rotor is located on the other side of the motor, and the stator and rotor are axially opposite.
  • Topological technology can also realize a linear motor in which the linear stator and the linear rotor move in parallel.
  • the topology technology described is a mature technology. Motors all strive to increase functionality.
  • the motor can be improved by improving the stator, the key component of the motor.
  • the armature winding adopts tooth winding, and there is only one stator pole pair number, and the rotating stator magnetic field has only one direction and one speed.
  • the invention proposes that the armature winding adopts the yoke winding, and the single-phase alternating current is passed through according to the cover method, and under the condition that the frequency of the single-phase alternating current remains unchanged, switching the various electrification modes of the yoke winding can form a rotating stator magnetic field at various speeds , Alternating stator magnetic field or mixed stator magnetic field to realize multiple speeds and increase motor functions.
  • the single-phase alternating current is an alternating current whose phase current potential has a sinusoidal waveform or a nearly sinusoidal waveform over time.
  • single-phase alternating current or simulated single-phase alternating current generated by inverters are mature technologies.
  • the control of single-phase AC adopts mature technologies, such as current control, torque control, optimal efficiency control, field weakening control, position sensorless control, etc.
  • the shaded pole starting common pole running motor proposed by the present invention specifically, the armature winding adopts the yoke winding, and the single-phase alternating current is fed in according to the shielding method, forming a single-phase alternating current shaded pole rotating stator magnetic field or alternating stator magnetic field with multiple speeds
  • the motor is to improve the motor by improving the stator, realize multiple speeds, and increase the function of the motor.
  • the motor industry needs shaded pole start common pole running motors.
  • the shaded pole start common pole operating motor of the present invention includes a shaded pole start common pole operation induction motor and a shaded pole start common pole operation hysteresis motor, which is composed of a stator, a rotor, a supporting component, a casing, a control mechanism and other components.
  • the feature is that: the armature winding adopts the yoke winding to be arranged along the yoke section, and the single-phase alternating current is passed through according to the cover method, the yoke winding forms the yoke magnetic flux, and the yoke magnetic flux gathers to form different tooth magnetic fluxes, and the cover is generally covered.
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth of the method passes through the shaded poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth of the shrouded common method passes through the common poles to form an alternating stator magnetic field
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth of the shrouded split method passes through the common poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field
  • the shrouded common The mixed tooth magnetic flux passes through the shaded pole and common pole at the same time to form a mixed stator magnetic field.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux materials. For example, it is made of silicon steel, laminated silicon steel, and the like.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that each tooth is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and faces the rotor inwardly, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the yoke is connected to each tooth to form the stator core.
  • the stator core has 4*X teeth and 4*X yokes, 4*X is the phase number of the armature winding, and X is a natural number.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear.
  • Select any tooth part as the Puji pole and start from the Puji pole to the front and sequentially number each tooth part as odd number and double number alternately.
  • a shaded pole coil is arranged on the front half of each even-numbered tooth, and the tooth with the shaded pole coil arranged on the front half of the tooth is a shaded pole.
  • Each odd tooth is not provided with a shaded pole coil, which is a common pole.
  • the first tooth behind the base pole is the cover base pole.
  • the shaded pole coil and the arrangement of the shaded pole coil on the front half of the teeth are mature technologies.
  • the armature winding is a wire structure that passes through a single-phase alternating current to form a changing yoke magnetic flux and finally forms a rotating stator magnetic field, including 4*X-phase armature windings.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • the wires and the number of turns of each segment of the yoke winding are the same.
  • the positive and negative of the yoke winding are determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the yoke orientation method is as follows: select a section of the stator core parallel to the rotor movement direction, and set the clockwise direction in the section view as the positive direction of the yoke magnetic flux, that is, when When the N pole direction of the yoke magnetic flux is clockwise, the yoke magnetic flux in this section is positive yoke magnetic flux, and when the N pole direction of the yoke magnetic flux is counterclockwise, the yoke magnetic flux in this section is negative yoke magnetic flux .
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a positive current flows is a positive yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a positive current flows is a negative yoke winding.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a current flows is a negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a negative current flows is a positive yoke winding.
  • a yoke magnetic flux is formed in the surrounded yoke, and the yoke magnetic flux in each segment of the yoke has only one direction, or the magnetic flux is zero.
  • the magnetic fluxes of adjacent co-directional yokes are connected in series, and the magnetic fluxes of adjacent non-directional yokes gather together. Concentrate on the nearest adjacent teeth to form a tooth flux. Adjacent yoke fluxes in the same direction are connected in series to form a set of yoke fluxes, and the most adjacent teeth of a set of yoke flux heads (one end of the N pole) form positive tooth fluxes.
  • the tooth most adjacent to the tail of the magnetic flux forms a negative tooth magnetic flux.
  • the adjacent heads of the two sets of yoke magnetic flux gather at the nearest teeth to form positive tooth flux, and the adjacent tails of the two sets of yoke magnetic flux gather at the nearest teeth to form negative tooth magnetic flux .
  • the magnetic flux of the tooth part of the cover method passes through the cover pole to form a rotating stator magnetic field
  • the magnetic flux of the tooth part of the cover method passes through the common pole to form an alternating stator magnetic field
  • the tooth part of the cover method The magnetic flux passes through the common poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field
  • the tooth flux of the cover-common hybrid method passes through the shaded poles and common poles at the same time to form a mixed stator magnetic field.
  • the N pole is the north pole
  • the S pole is the south pole
  • * is the multiplication sign
  • / is the division sign
  • + is the positive sign
  • - is the negative sign.
  • the tooth flux from the yoke to the rotor is positive tooth flux, and the tooth flux from the rotor to the yoke is negative tooth flux.
  • the phase sequence numbers of the armature windings are also the phase sequence numbers of the yoke windings, usually expressed in lowercase English letters.
  • the armature winding is connected to the single-phase alternating current according to the cover method.
  • the cover method is a variety of energization methods for entering the single-phase alternating current. It is divided into the cover method, the cover method, the cover split method and the cover mix method.
  • the control circuit controls the single-phase alternating current fed into each yoke winding.
  • alternating current there are four kinds of alternating current, which are +A-phase alternating current and -A-phase alternating current, and two kinds of alternating current generated by the control circuit from single-phase alternating current-+ B-phase AC and -B-phase AC, where -A-phase AC phase is 180 degrees ahead of +A-phase AC phase; +B-phase AC phase is 90 degrees ahead of +A-phase AC phase, and -B-phase AC phase is 90 degrees ahead of +A-phase AC phase It is 90 degrees ahead of the AC phase of -A phase.
  • the phase splitting to generate an alternating current whose electrical phase is 90 degrees ahead adopts mature technology, and is generally implemented by connecting a capacitor in series on the circuit.
  • T is an even number
  • the odd-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC
  • the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC
  • the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth with the number of pairs of poles, the magnetic flux of the teeth passes through the common poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form an alternating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the single-numbered yoke winding is fed with -A phase alternating current
  • the double-numbered yoke winding is fed with +A phase alternating current, which also forms an alternating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the cover split method is: T/2 is an even number, the winding of the front half of the yoke of the odd number branch is connected to the +A phase AC, the winding of the rear half of the odd number branch is connected to the +B phase AC, and the front half of the yoke of the double number branch is connected to the AC current of +B.
  • the windings are fed with -A phase alternating current, and the rear half yoke windings of the double number are fed with -B phase alternating current.
  • the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings is aggregated to form a pair of pole pairs of tooth magnetic fluxes.
  • the internal magnetic flux passes through the common poles, and with the phase change of the alternating current, a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R is formed.
  • the first half of the odd-numbered branch is connected to + B-phase AC
  • the second half of the odd-numbered branch is connected to the A-phase AC
  • the first half of the even-numbered branch is connected to the B-phase AC
  • the second half of the even-numbered branch is connected to + A Phase alternating current, also forming a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of R
  • the first half of the odd-numbered branch is connected to the A-phase alternating current
  • the second half of the odd-numbered branch is connected to the B-phase alternating current
  • the first half of the double-numbered branch is connected to the A-phase
  • the alternating current and the second half of the double number branch are connected to the +B phase alternating current, which also forms a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the cover general mixing method is: T is 2, the front half yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the +A phase AC, and the rear half branch yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the -A phase AC current , the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding gathers to form a pair of pole pairs of tooth magnetic flux, and the tooth magnetic flux passes through the shaded pole and the common pole at the same time, and forms a pole pair with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current Mixed stator magnetic field with number 2*R.
  • the general cover method is: T is an even number, the single-number yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-number yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form A pair of tooth fluxes with a pole pair number, the tooth flux passes through the shaded poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number R.
  • the single-numbered yoke winding is fed with -A phase alternating current
  • the double-numbered yoke winding is fed with +A phase alternating current, which also forms a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • each yoke winding is controlled to pass one of four alternating currents.
  • the mature technical solution for forming a rotating stator magnetic field, an alternating stator magnetic field or a mixed stator magnetic field is that the tooth windings are fed with alternating current to form a tooth magnetic flux and directly form a stator magnetic field.
  • each yoke winding is fed with alternating current to form the yoke magnetic flux, the yoke magnetic flux gathers to form the tooth magnetic flux, and indirectly forms the stator magnetic field; the advantage is that various combinations of the yoke magnetic flux can form a variety of The magnetic flux of the teeth forms the stator magnetic field with various speeds, and the energization rate of the armature winding is 100%.
  • the present invention also proposes that: the magnetic flux of the teeth simultaneously passes through the shaded pole and the common pole to form a mixed stator magnetic field, and the common poles and the shaded poles of the mixed stator magnetic field are arranged alternately, wherein the common pole presents an alternating stator magnetic field, and the shaded pole presents a rotating stator magnetic field , so the hybrid stator magnetic field is a rotating stator magnetic field with a rotational direction.
  • the cover method has a variety of energization methods to form different yoke magnetic flux combinations, gather and form a variety of positions and numbers of tooth magnetic flux, rotating stator magnetic field, alternating stator magnetic field Or the hybrid stator field has multiple pole pairs and multiple speeds.
  • the number of yoke parts of the stator core and the number of windings of the yoke part are determined.
  • the value of T is switched, and the power-on method of the cover method is switched.
  • the number of pole pairs of the stator is switched.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field, the alternating stator magnetic field or the mixed stator magnetic field is determined.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field or the mixed stator magnetic field drives the rotor to start and run, and the alternating stator magnetic field drives the rotating rotor to run.
  • the value range of the MAP method or the MAP method T is 2, and each has a speed; the value of the MAP mixing method is 2, and there is a slowest speed.
  • the value range of the mask general method or the mask method T is 2 or 4, and there are two speeds respectively; the value of the T value of the mask method is 4 and there is one speed; the mask method has a slowest speed speed.
  • the value range of T in the MAP method or the MAP method is 2 or 6, and each has two speeds; the MAP mixing method has the slowest speed.
  • the value range of the cover general method or the cover general cover method T is 2, 4 or 8, and each has three speeds; the cover general split method has two speeds when the value of T is 4 or 8; There is a slowest speed.
  • the value range of cover general method or cover general cover method T is 2, 4, 6 or 12, each has four speeds; cover general split method T value 4 or 12 has two kinds of speeds; Mixed methods have a slowest speed.
  • the value range of the cover general method or the cover method T is 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 24, each with six speeds; the value of the cover method T is 4, 8, 12 or 24 has four speeds; the cap-pushing method has one slowest speed.
  • the value range of the cover method or the cover method T is 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32, each with five speeds; the value of the cover method T is 4, 8, 16 or 32 Four speeds; there is one slowest speed for the mask-pushing method.
  • the value range of T, the energization method of the cover method, the number of stator pole pairs, and the speed of each stator magnetic field can be deduced in the same way.
  • any section of yoke winding is changed from the original positive yoke winding to the current negative yoke winding.
  • the current corresponding to the current negative yoke part winding leads to the new alternating current current which is staggered with the original alternating current by 180 degrees, and then the present invention remains unchanged.
  • the present invention can abandon the partial energization mode of the cover method, and become a motor with less speed of the stator magnetic field.
  • the control circuit is relatively simple because the control circuit in the control mechanism does not need to provide +B-phase alternating current or -B-phase alternating current. See Examples 1, 2 and 3.
  • the torque fluctuation of the rotating stator magnetic field formed by the cover splitting method is small, the vibration of the motor is small, and the efficiency is high.
  • the rotor includes a cage-shaped induction rotor and a hysteresis rotor, both of which are mature technologies, and one of them is used as the rotor.
  • the cage induction rotor consists of a rotor core, a cage coil and a rotor shaft.
  • a hysteresis rotor consists of a hysteresis body and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage coil is composed of a front ring, a rear ring and cage guide bars; the specific number of cage guide bars is optimized according to actual needs.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs for cage-shaped induction rotors and hysteresis rotors is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply, and the control mechanism controls each yoke winding to be fed into one of four kinds of alternating currents. Hard switching or soft switching can be used in the control circuit, and single-phase AC power or single-phase inverter power can be used for single-phase power supply.
  • the supporting components, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • FIG. 6 For the control mechanism, see Figure 6 for the control circuit diagram of the eight-phase shaded-pole start-up and common-pole operation motor.
  • the control circuit in Figure 6 controls the connection of each yoke winding to the single-phase power supply, and the control circuit allows each yoke winding to operate in +A phase AC Select one of the two currents, , -A phase alternating current.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right.
  • Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected. Because the motor adopts the cover method, the +a yoke winding is always connected to the A-phase alternating current, and its circuit has no double switch.
  • the control circuit shown in FIG. 6 is only one of the mature technical solutions, and the control circuit can also adopt other mature technical solutions.
  • the eight-phase shaded pole starting and common pole running motor adopts the shaded pole method, the stator magnetic field has three speeds, which can be used for starting and running the rotor; the motor has very rich functions.
  • the schematic diagram of the control circuit of the 16-phase shaded pole starting common pole running motor is shown in Figure 8.
  • the control circuit in Figure 8 controls the connection of each yoke winding to the single-phase power supply, and the control circuit allows each yoke winding to operate in +A phase AC, - One of the four currents of A-phase AC, +B-phase AC and -B-phase AC is selected for input.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double switches, and the double switch is closed to the left to indicate that +A-phase AC or +B-phase AC is connected.
  • Double switch closed to the right means that -A phase AC or -B phase AC is connected; the single switch below can choose whether the +c yoke winding is in series with the capacitor, and the single switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +c yoke winding is in series with the capacitor.
  • the yoke winding is fed with +B phase AC or -B phase AC; the single switch is closed to the right to indicate that the +c yoke winding is not in series with the capacitor, and the yoke winding is fed with +A phase AC or -A phase AC.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase AC, and its circuit has no double switch, single switch and capacitor; +b yoke winding, +i yoke winding and +j yoke winding Always feed +A phase AC or -A phase AC, and its circuit has no single switch and capacitor.
  • the control circuit shown in FIG. 8 is only one of the mature technical solutions, and the control circuit may also adopt other mature technical solutions.
  • the 16-phase shaded pole start common pole operation motor adopts the shaded pole method, the stator magnetic field has four speeds, which can be used for the rotor to start and run; the motor has very rich functions.
  • Stator, cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism constitute a shaded-pole start-up general-pole operation induction motor.
  • the stator, the hysteresis rotor, the support components, the casing and the control mechanism form a shaded pole start common pole operation hysteresis motor, which is a variable speed hysteresis motor whose stator pole logarithm can be changed.
  • the armature windings of each phase are wound around the teeth of the stator core to form tooth windings, and each tooth winding forms the magnetic flux of the teeth and finally forms the magnetic field of the rotating stator.
  • the traditional shaded pole structure is: a pair of alternating tooth magnetic flux passes through a pair of shaded poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field with a pair of pole pairs.
  • the innovative shaded pole structure of the present invention is: the magnetic flux of each yoke is gathered in various combinations to form a variety of tooth magnetic fluxes, the single-phase pair of alternating tooth magnetic flux passes through a pair of ordinary poles to form an alternating stator magnetic field, and the two phases are split The magnetic flux of the four alternating teeth of the phase passes through two pairs of common poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field, and the magnetic flux of a pair of alternating teeth of a single phase passes through a shaded pole and a common pole at the same time to form a mixed stator magnetic field.
  • the shaded pole starts the common pole running motor, and the armature windings of each phase are wound around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which enriches the stator structure; the yoke windings form the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather to form the magnetic flux of the teeth and finally form the stator magnetic field , Innovating the formation mechanism of the stator magnetic field; using the cover method, under the condition that the frequency of the single-phase alternating current is constant, the stator magnetic field has multiple rotation speeds by switching the power supply method of the cover method, and the motor function is increased.
  • Shaded-pole starting common-pole running motors are also beneficial in that: due to the magnetic flux aggregation effect of the tooth part formed by the magnetic flux accumulation of the yoke part, the efficiency of forming a rotating stator magnetic field is high. Since there are only yoke windings in the same direction on the same section of the yoke, and there are no yoke windings in different directions, there is no mutual interference and the efficiency is high. Since only half of the part of the yoke winding parallel to the motor shaft is arranged in the slot, the depth of the slot needs to be shallow, the height of the teeth is relatively short, and the self-weight is light.
  • the invention innovates the structure of the motor, innovates the formation mechanism of the stator magnetic field, and increases the function of the motor. There wasn't an identical motor before this one.
  • stator core high magnetic flux material, yoke, tooth, pole, common pole, shaded pole, shaded pole coil, tooth height, slot depth, magnetic pole, aggregation, alternating stator magnetic field, rotating stator magnetic field , number of pole pairs, frequency and speed are all mature technologies.
  • the wires, windings, windings, armature windings, tooth windings, connections, split phases and electrical phases are all well-established technologies.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a four-phase shaded-pole starting common-pole motor, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the shaded pole
  • 4 is the shaded pole coil
  • 5 is the common pole
  • 6 is the rotor iron Core
  • 7 is a cage guide bar.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an eight-phase shaded-pole starting common-pole motor, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the shaded pole
  • 4 is the shaded pole coil
  • 6 is a rotor core
  • 7 is a cage guide bar.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a twelve-phase shaded-pole start-up common-pole motor, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of Embodiment 3.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • twelve sections (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k and l) in total
  • 3 is the cover pole
  • 4 is the shaded pole coil
  • 5 is the common pole
  • 6 is the rotor core
  • 7 is the cage guide bar.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a sixteen-phase shaded-pole starting common-pole motor, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of Embodiment 4.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • a total of sixteen sections 3 for the shaded pole, 4 for the shaded pole coil, 5 for the common pole, 6 for the rotor core, 7 for the cage guide bar.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a motor control circuit for four-phase shaded-pole start-up and common-pole operation, which is also the second schematic diagram of Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a motor control circuit for eight-phase shaded-pole start-up and common-pole operation, which is also the second schematic diagram of Embodiment 2.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit of the twelve-phase shaded-pole start-up and common-pole operation motor, which is also the second schematic diagram of the third embodiment.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sixteen-phase shaded pole start-up motor control circuit, which is also the second schematic diagram of embodiment 4.
  • the curly brackets indicate the phase sequence number of each yoke winding.
  • the phase sequence number is a mature technology for winding labeling.
  • Each yoke winding is represented by a small number of turns of wires, and the actual number of turns of wires is set according to actual needs.
  • the front end ring and the rear end ring of the cage coil are not cut, and the number of cage guide bars is set according to the actual number. Supporting parts, casing and control mechanism etc. are not drawn. Each component only shows the mutual relationship, and does not reflect the actual size.
  • Embodiment 1 A four-phase shaded-pole starting common-pole running motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting components, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the four teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the four segments of the yoke are connected to the four teeth to form the stator core.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear. Select any tooth part as the Puji pole, and start from the Puji pole to the front and sequentially number each tooth part as odd number and double number alternately.
  • a shaded pole coil is arranged on the front half of each even-numbered tooth, and the tooth with the shaded pole coil arranged on the front half of the tooth is a shaded pole.
  • Each odd tooth is not provided with a shaded pole coil, which is a common pole.
  • the first tooth behind the base pole is the cover base pole.
  • the armature winding has four phases, and each phase of the armature winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the setting method of each yoke winding on the 4-stage yoke in front of the base pole, set 4-stage yoke windings in the order of phase sequence number, which is the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding (+b), the 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c) and the 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d). See Figure 1.
  • the armature winding is fed into the single-phase alternating current according to the common method of the cover, which is a variety of energization methods for passing into the single-phase alternating current. In the present embodiment, it is divided into the common method of the cover, the common method of the cover and the mixed method of the cover.
  • the control circuit controls the single-phase alternating current fed into each yoke winding, and there are two kinds of alternating current, which are +A-phase alternating current and -A-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • each group has 2*T section yoke windings, and each group is divided into 2 pieces, and each piece is numbered as a single number alternately clockwise And double numbers, each with a T-segment yoke winding, each equally divided into the first half and the second half.
  • T is an even number
  • the odd-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC
  • the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC
  • the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth with the number of pairs of poles, the magnetic flux of the teeth passes through the common poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form an alternating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the cover general mixing method is: T is 2, the front half yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the +A phase AC, and the rear half branch yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the -A phase AC current , the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding gathers to form a pair of pole pairs of tooth magnetic flux, and the tooth magnetic flux passes through the shaded pole and the common pole at the same time, and forms a pole pair with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current Mixed stator magnetic field with number 2*R.
  • each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and each piece is numbered as a single number alternately clockwise And double numbers, each with a T-section yoke winding.
  • the general cover method is: T is an even number, the single-number yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-number yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form A pair of tooth fluxes with a pole pair number, the tooth flux passes through the shaded poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number R.
  • X is determined, the number of yoke parts of the stator core and the number of windings of the yoke part are determined.
  • the value of T is switched, and the power-on method of the cover method is switched.
  • the number of pole pairs of the stator is switched.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field, the alternating stator magnetic field or the mixed stator magnetic field is determined.
  • each group has 4 sections of yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and they are sequentially compiled into single groups clockwise Number and double number, each has 2 sections of yoke windings;
  • the cover general method is: when +a yoke winding and +b yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +c yoke winding and +d yoke winding are connected Input-A-phase alternating current, with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, an alternating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 1 is formed.
  • This alternating stator magnetic field can drive the rotating rotor to continue to run in the original direction of rotation; the rated speed of a stable rotor is close to the speed of the alternating stator magnetic field.
  • the mixed stator magnetic field can drive the rotor to start and run; after the operation is stable, the rated speed of the rotor is the slowest.
  • each group has 4 sections of yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and they are sequentially compiled into singles in a clockwise direction Number and double number, each has 2 sections of yoke windings;
  • the cover method is: when +a yoke winding and +d yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +c yoke winding and +b yoke winding
  • +A phase alternating current is applied, as the phase of the single-phase alternating current changes, a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 1 is formed. This rotating stator magnetic field can drive the rotor to start and run clockwise; the rated speed of the rotor with stable operation is close to the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the motor of this embodiment is a two-speed motor, and it is obvious that the part of the energization method of the cover method can be abandoned to become a single-speed motor.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the schematic diagram of the control circuit in this embodiment is shown in Figure 5.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit allows each yoke winding to be in the two currents of +A-phase AC and -A-phase AC. Select one of the access types.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase AC, and its circuit has no double switch.
  • the three double switches are closed to the left, the three sections of the yoke windings controlled by them are connected to the +A phase AC respectively; when the three double switches are closed to the right, the three sections of the yoke windings they respectively control Connect -A phase alternating current respectively.
  • the function of the motor is richer than that of the traditional single-phase AC shaded pole motor.
  • Embodiment 2 An eight-phase shaded-pole starting common-pole running motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting components, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the eight teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the eight-segment yoke connects the eight teeth to form the stator core.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear. Select any tooth part as the Puji pole, and start from the Puji pole to the front and sequentially number each tooth part as odd number and double number alternately.
  • a shaded pole coil is arranged on the front half of each even-numbered tooth, and the tooth with the shaded pole coil arranged on the front half of the tooth is a shaded pole.
  • Each odd tooth is not provided with a shaded pole coil, which is a common pole.
  • the first tooth behind the base pole is the cover base pole.
  • the armature winding has eight phases, and each phase of the armature winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • each yoke winding on the 8-stage yoke in front of the base pole, install 8-stage yoke windings in sequence according to the phase sequence number, which is the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding (+b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and 6th phase positive yoke winding (+ f), the 7th phase positive yoke winding (+g) and the 8th phase positive yoke winding (+h). See Figure 2.
  • the armature winding is fed into the single-phase alternating current according to the common method of the cover, which is a variety of energization methods for passing into the single-phase alternating current. In the present embodiment, it is divided into the common method of the cover, the common method of the cover and the mixed method of the cover.
  • the control circuit controls the single-phase alternating current fed into each yoke winding, and there are two kinds of alternating current, which are +A-phase alternating current and -A-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and each piece is numbered as an odd number in a clockwise order And double numbers, each with a T-segment yoke winding, which is evenly divided into the first half and the second half.
  • T is an even number
  • the odd-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC
  • the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC
  • the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth with the number of pairs of poles, the magnetic flux of the teeth passes through the common poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form an alternating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the cover general mixing method is: T is 2, the front half yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the +A phase AC, and the rear half branch yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the -A phase AC current , the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding gathers to form a pair of pole pairs of tooth magnetic flux, and the tooth magnetic flux passes through the shaded pole and the common pole at the same time, and forms a pole pair with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current Mixed stator magnetic field with number 2*R.
  • each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and each piece is numbered as a single number alternately clockwise And double numbers, each with a T-section yoke winding.
  • the general cover method is: T is an even number, the single-number yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-number yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form A pair of tooth fluxes with a pole pair number, the tooth flux passes through the shaded poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number R.
  • X is determined, the number of yoke parts of the stator core and the number of windings of the yoke part are determined.
  • the value of T is switched, and the power-on method of the cover method is switched.
  • the number of pole pairs of the stator is switched.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field, the alternating stator magnetic field or the mixed stator magnetic field is determined.
  • the first power-on method of the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding and +d yoke winding are connected +A-phase alternating current, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to -A-phase alternating current to form the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather to form the magnetic flux of the tooth, and the magnetic flux of the tooth
  • the first power-on method of the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding and +d yoke winding are connected +A-phase alternating current, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to -A-phase alternating current to form the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather to form
  • the second energization method of the cover general method is: when the +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +e yoke winding and +f yoke winding are connected +A-phase alternating current, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to -A-phase alternating current to form the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather to form the magnetic flux of the tooth, and the magnetic flux of the tooth Through common poles, with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, an alternating stator magnetic field with a pole pair
  • the mixed stator magnetic field can drive the rotor to start and run; after the operation is stable, the rated speed of the rotor is the slowest.
  • the first way of energization of the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected Input +A phase alternating current, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +d yoke winding are connected to -A phase alternating current to form yoke magnetic flux aggregation to form tooth magnetic flux, and tooth The magnetic flux passes through the shaded poles, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 1 is formed.
  • the second energization method of the cover and cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +h yoke winding, +e yoke winding and +d yoke winding are connected Input +A phase alternating current, +c yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +f yoke winding are connected to -A phase alternating current to form the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather to form the magnetic flux of the tooth, and the tooth The magnetic flux passes through the shaded poles, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 2 is
  • the motor of this embodiment is a three-speed motor, and it is obvious that the part of the energization method of the cover method can be abandoned to become a two-speed motor or a single-speed motor.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the control circuit diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 6.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply. Choose one of them.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected. Because the motor adopts the cover method, the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase alternating current, and its circuit has no double switch.
  • Embodiment 3 A 12-phase shaded-pole starting common-pole running motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting components, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required so that the twelve teeth are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the twelve segments of the yoke connect the twelve teeth to form the stator core.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear. Select any tooth part as the Puji pole, and start from the Puji pole to the front and sequentially number each tooth part as odd number and double number alternately.
  • a shaded pole coil is arranged on the front half of each even-numbered tooth, and the tooth with the shaded pole coil arranged on the front half of the tooth is a shaded pole.
  • Each odd tooth is not provided with a shaded pole coil, which is a common pole.
  • the first tooth behind the base pole is the cover base pole.
  • the armature winding has twelve phases, and each phase of the armature winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • each yoke winding on the 12-segment yoke in front of the base pole, 12-segment yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence number, which is the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding (+b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and 6th phase positive yoke winding (+ f), the 7th phase positive yoke winding (+g), the 8th phase positive yoke winding (+h), the 9th phase positive yoke winding (+i), the 10th phase positive yoke winding (+j) , The 11th phase positive yoke winding (+k) and the 12th phase positive yoke winding (+l). See Figure 3.
  • the armature winding is fed into the single-phase alternating current according to the common method of the cover, which is a variety of energization methods for passing into the single-phase alternating current. In the present embodiment, it is divided into the common method of the cover, the common method of the cover and the mixed method of the cover.
  • the control circuit controls the single-phase alternating current fed into each yoke winding, and there are two kinds of alternating current, which are +A-phase alternating current and -A-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and each piece is numbered as an odd number in a clockwise order And double numbers, each with a T-segment yoke winding, each equally divided into the first half and the second half.
  • T is an even number
  • the odd-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC
  • the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC
  • the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth with the number of pairs of poles, the magnetic flux of the teeth passes through the common poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form an alternating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the cover general mixing method is: T is 2, the front half yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the +A phase AC, and the rear half branch yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the -A phase AC current , the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding gathers to form a pair of pole pairs of tooth magnetic flux, and the tooth magnetic flux passes through the shaded pole and the common pole at the same time, and forms a pole pair with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current Mixed stator magnetic field with number 2*R.
  • each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and each piece is numbered as a single number alternately clockwise And double numbers, each with a T-section yoke winding.
  • the general cover method is: T is an even number, the single-number yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-number yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form A pair of tooth fluxes with a pole pair number, the tooth flux passes through the shaded poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number R.
  • X is determined, the number of yoke parts of the stator core and the number of windings of the yoke part are determined.
  • the value of T is switched, and the power-on method of the cover method is switched.
  • the number of pole pairs of the stator is switched.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field, the alternating stator magnetic field or the mixed stator magnetic field is determined.
  • the first power-on method of the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, + The e yoke winding and the +f yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, the +g yoke winding, the +h yoke winding, the +i yoke winding, the +j yoke winding, the +k yoke winding and the +l yoke
  • the -A phase alternating current is connected to the external winding to form the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather to form the magnetic flux of
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth passes through the common poles, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, an alternating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 1 is formed.
  • the second energization method of the cover general method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, + The i yoke winding and the +j yoke winding are connected to the +A phase alternating current, the +c yoke winding, the +d yoke winding, the +g yoke winding, the +h yoke wind
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth passes through the common poles, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, an alternating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 3 is formed.
  • These two kinds of alternating stator magnetic fields can drive the rotating rotor to continue to run in the original direction of rotation; after the operation is stable, the rated speed of the rotor is close to the speed of the alternating stator magnetic field.
  • the mixed stator magnetic field can drive the rotor to start and run; after the operation is stable, the rated speed of the rotor is the slowest.
  • the first method of energization in the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +e yoke winding and +l yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +g yoke winding, +h yoke winding, +i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +k yoke winding and +f
  • the yoke winding is supplied with -A-phase alternating current, forming the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather to form the magnetic flux of the teeth, and the magnetic flux of the
  • the second method of energization in the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +l winding, +e yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +i
  • the yoke winding and the +h yoke winding are connected to the +A phase alternating current, the +c yoke winding, the +b yoke winding, the +g yoke winding, the +f yoke winding, the +k yoke winding and the +j yoke
  • the winding is fed with -A-phase alternating current to form the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather to form the magnetic flux of the teeth.
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth passes through the shaded poles and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with a number of pole pairs of 3.
  • These two rotating stator magnetic fields can drive the rotor to start and run clockwise; after running stably, the rated speed of the rotor is close to the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the motor of this embodiment is a three-speed motor, and it is obvious that the part of the energization method of the cover method can be abandoned to become a two-speed motor or a single-speed motor.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, support components, casing and control mechanism use proven technology.
  • the control circuit diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 7.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply. Choose one of them.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected. Because the motor adopts the cover method, the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase alternating current, and its circuit has no double switch.
  • Embodiment 4 A sixteen-phase shaded-pole start-up common-pole running motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting components, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the sixteen teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the sixteen segments of the yoke are connected to the sixteen teeth to form the stator core.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear. Select any tooth part as the Puji pole, and start from the Puji pole to the front and sequentially number each tooth part as odd number and double number alternately.
  • a shaded pole coil is arranged on the front half of each even-numbered tooth, and the tooth with the shaded pole coil arranged on the front half of the tooth is a shaded pole.
  • Each odd tooth is not provided with a shaded pole coil, which is a common pole.
  • the first tooth behind the base pole is the cover base pole.
  • the armature winding has sixteen phases, and each phase of the armature winding uses wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • each yoke winding on the 16-segment yoke in front of the base pole, 16-segment yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence number, which is the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding (+b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and 6th phase positive yoke winding (+ f), the 7th phase positive yoke winding (+g), the 8th phase positive yoke winding (+h), the 9th phase positive yoke winding (+i), the 10th phase positive yoke winding (+j) , 11th phase positive yoke winding (+k) and 12th phase positive yoke winding (+l), 13th phase positive yoke winding (+m), 14th phase positive yoke winding (+n), 1st 15th
  • the armature winding is connected to the single-phase alternating current according to the cover method.
  • the cover method is a variety of energization methods for feeding single-phase alternating current. In this embodiment, it is divided into the cover method, the cover method, the cover split method and the cover mixing method. .
  • the control circuit controls the single-phase alternating current fed into each yoke winding. There are four kinds of alternating current, which are +A-phase alternating current and -A-phase alternating current, and two kinds of alternating current generated by the control circuit from single-phase alternating current-+ Phase B AC and -B Phase AC.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T be the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and each piece is numbered as an odd number in a clockwise order
  • And double numbers each with a T-segment yoke winding, each equally divided into the first half and the second half.
  • T is an even number
  • the odd-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC
  • the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC
  • the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a
  • the magnetic flux of the teeth with the number of pairs of poles, the magnetic flux of the teeth passes through the common poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form an alternating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the cover split method is: T/2 is an even number, the winding of the front half of the yoke of the odd number branch is connected to the +A phase AC, the winding of the rear half of the odd number branch is connected to the +B phase AC, and the front half of the yoke of the double number branch is connected to the AC current of +B.
  • the windings are fed with -A phase alternating current, and the rear half yoke windings of the double number are fed with -B phase alternating current.
  • the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings is aggregated to form a pair of pole pairs of tooth magnetic fluxes.
  • the internal magnetic flux passes through the common poles, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R is formed.
  • the cover general mixing method is: T is 2, the front half yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the +A phase AC, and the rear half branch yoke windings of the odd number branch and the double number branch are connected to the -A phase AC current , the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding gathers to form a pair of pole pairs of tooth magnetic flux, and the tooth magnetic flux passes through the shaded pole and the common pole at the same time, and forms a pole pair with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current Mixed stator magnetic field with number 2*R.
  • each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and each piece is numbered as a single number alternately clockwise And double numbers, each with a T-section yoke winding.
  • the general cover method is: T is an even number, the single-number yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-number yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the yoke magnetic flux formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form A pair of tooth fluxes with a pole pair number, the tooth flux passes through the shaded poles, and changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number R.
  • X is determined, the number of yoke parts of the stator core and the number of windings of the yoke part are determined.
  • the value of T is switched, and the power-on method of the cover method is switched.
  • the number of pole pairs of the stator is switched.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field, the alternating stator magnetic field or the mixed stator magnetic field is determined.
  • the first power-on method of the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, + e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +k yoke winding, +l yoke The first winding, the +m yoke winding, the +n yoke winding, the +o yoke winding and the +p yoke
  • the second power-on method of the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, + The i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +k yoke winding and +l yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding, +h yoke The first winding, the +m yoke winding, the +n yoke winding, the +o yoke winding and the +p yok
  • the third power-on method of the cover-pop method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, + The i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +m yoke winding and +n yoke winding are fed with +A phase alternating current, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +g yoke winding, +h yoke The first winding, the +k yoke winding, the +l yoke winding, the +o yoke winding and the +p yok
  • each group has 16 sections of yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and they are sequentially compiled into single sections clockwise No. and double numbers, each with 8 yoke windings; each branch is divided into the first half and the second half.
  • the first energization method of the cover split method is: when the +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding and +d yoke winding are fed with +A phase alternating current, +e yoke winding, +f
  • the yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to +B phase alternating current
  • each group has 8 sections of yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, and they are sequentially compiled into single sections clockwise No. and double numbers, each with 4 yoke windings; each branch is divided into the first half and the second half.
  • the second energization method of the cover split method is: when the +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +i yoke winding and +j yoke winding are fed with +A phase alternating current, the +c yoke winding, +d
  • the yoke winding, +k yoke winding and +l yoke winding are connected to +B phase AC
  • the +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +m yoke winding and +n yoke winding are connected to -A phase Alternating current
  • +g yoke winding, +h yoke winding, +o yoke winding and +p yoke winding are connected to -B phase alternating current to form the magnetic flux of the yoke to gather and form the magnetic flux of the tooth, and the magnetic flux of the tooth passes through the ordinary poles, with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current,
  • the flux gathers to form a pair of tooth fluxes with pole pairs.
  • the tooth flux passes through the shaded pole and the common pole at the same time.
  • a mixed stator magnetic field with 8 pole pairs is formed.
  • the mixed stator magnetic field can drive the rotor to start and run; after the operation is stable, the rated speed of the rotor is the slowest.
  • the first method of energization in the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +p yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +k yoke winding, +l The yoke windings, +m yoke windings, +n yoke windings, +o yoke windings and +h yoke
  • the second method of energization in the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +p yoke winding, +i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +k yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding, +d The yoke windings, +m yoke windings, +n yoke windings, +o yoke windings and +l yoke wind
  • the third way of energizing the cover method is: when +a yoke winding, +p yoke winding, +e yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +i yoke winding, +h yoke winding, +m yoke winding and +l yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +c yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +g yoke winding, +f The yoke windings, +k yoke windings, +j yoke windings, +o yoke windings and +n yoke windings
  • the motor of this embodiment is a four-speed motor, and it is obvious that the part of the energization method of the cover method can be abandoned to become a three-speed motor, a two-speed motor or a single-speed motor.
  • the cover splitting method is selected, the torque fluctuation of the rotating stator magnetic field is small, the vibration of the motor is small, and the efficiency is high.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • control circuit diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 8.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply. Choose one of the four currents and -B phase alternating current to feed in.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double switches, and the double switch is closed to the left to indicate that +A-phase AC or +B-phase AC is connected.
  • Double switch closed to the right means that -A phase AC or -B phase AC is connected; the single switch below can choose whether the +c yoke winding is in series with the capacitor, and the single switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +c yoke winding is in series with the capacitor.
  • the yoke winding is fed with +B phase AC or -B phase AC; the single switch is closed to the right to indicate that the +c yoke winding is not in series with the capacitor, and the yoke winding is fed with +A phase AC or -A phase AC.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase AC, and its circuit has no double switch, single switch and capacitor;
  • +b yoke winding, +i yoke winding and +j yoke winding Always feed +A phase AC or -A phase AC, and its circuit has no single switch and capacitor.
  • the function of this motor is richer than traditional single-phase AC shaded pole motor, and also richer than any traditional two-speed motor.
  • the pole arc, tooth width, tooth height (extremely high), tooth shape, yoke thickness, wire diameter, number of turns, detailed properties of the rotor and detailed properties of the control mechanism of the stator are not shown.
  • the optimization selection of these indicators adopts mature technology.

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Abstract

罩极启动普极运行电机，包括罩极启动普极运行感应电机和罩极启动普极运行磁滞电机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成，特征是：各相电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置。按罩普法通入单相交流电，形成轭部磁通，聚集的轭部磁通在最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通，罩普罩法的齿部磁通经过罩极形成转动定子磁场，罩普普法的齿部磁通经过普极形成交变定子磁场，罩普裂法的齿部磁通经过普极形成转动定子磁场，罩普混法的齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极形成混合定子磁场；驱动转子以多种额定转速运行。

Description

罩极启动普极运行电机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种单相交流罩极电机。具体是电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置；按罩普法通入单相交流电，各段轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集，在最邻近的齿部形成不同的齿部磁通，罩普罩法的齿部磁通经过罩极形成转动定子磁场，罩普普法的齿部磁通经过普极形成交变定子磁场，罩普裂法的齿部磁通经过普极形成转动定子磁场，罩普混法的齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极形成混合定子磁场，多种速度的定子磁场驱动转子。这就是罩极启动普极运行电机。
背景技术
电机由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。电机一般是圆柱状转子位于电机中心内部、圆环状定子位于外部包围转子，这是内转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术可以实现圆柱状定子位于电机中心内部，圆环状转子位于外部包围定子，这是外转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现盘状定子位于电机一侧，盘状转子位于电机另一侧，定子与转子轴向相对的轴向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现线状定子与线状转子相对平行运动的直线电机。所述拓扑技术是成熟技术。电机都努力增加功能。改进电机的关键部件定子，就可以改进电机。传统单相交流罩极电机，电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，只有一种定子极对数，转动定子磁场只有一种方向一种转速。本发明提出，电枢绕组采用轭部绕组，按罩普法通入单相交流电，在单相交流电频率不变的条件下，切换轭部绕组多种通电方式，可形成多种速度的转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场，实现多种转速，增加电机功能。所述单相交流电是相电流电势随时间呈正弦波形或接近正弦波形的交流电。例如单相交流电或逆变器产生的模拟单相交流电等，均为成熟技术。控制单相交流电采用成熟技术，例如电流控制、转矩控制、最优效率控制、弱磁控制、无位置传感器控制等。
本发明提出的罩极启动普极运行电机，具体是电枢绕组采用轭部绕组、按罩普法通入单相交流电，形成转动定子磁场或交变定子磁场具有多种速度的单相交流罩极电机，就是通过改进定子来改进电机，实现多种转速，增加电机功能。电机行业需要罩极启动普极运行电机。
发明内容
本发明罩极启动普极运行电机，包括罩极启动普极运行感应电机和罩极启动普极运行磁滞电机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。特征在于：电枢绕组采用 轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，按罩普法通入单相交流电，轭部绕组形成轭部磁通，轭部磁通聚集形成不同的齿部磁通，罩普罩法的齿部磁通经过罩极形成转动定子磁场，罩普普法的齿部磁通经过普极形成交变定子磁场，罩普裂法的齿部磁通经过普极形成转动定子磁场，罩普混法的齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极形成混合定子磁场。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术，采用高磁通材料制造。例如采用硅钢、层叠硅钢等制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使各个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向内朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，轭部连接各个齿部形成定子铁芯。定子铁芯有4*X个齿部、有4*X段轭部，4*X是电枢绕组相数，X为自然数。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方，逆时针方向为后方。选择任一齿部作为普基极，从普基极开始向前方依次对各齿部单双交替地编号为单号与双号。在每个双号齿部的偏前方半个齿部设置罩极线圈，在偏前方半个齿部设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。每个单号齿部不设置罩极线圈，是普极。普基极后方第一个齿部是罩基极。所述罩极线圈和在偏前方半个齿部设置罩极线圈是成熟技术。
电枢绕组是通入单相交流电形成变化的轭部磁通最终形成转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括4*X相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置，各轭部绕组设置方式为：在普基极前方4*X段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置4*X段轭部绕组，均为正轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组的电线和匝数等内容相同。轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定，轭部定向方法如下：平行于转子运动方向选定一个定子铁芯截面，设该截面图中顺时针方向为轭部磁通正向，即当轭部磁通的N极方向顺时针时该段轭部磁通为正向轭部磁通，当轭部磁通的N极方向逆时针时该段轭部磁通为负向轭部磁通。按右手螺旋定则，流通正电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组，流通正电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，流通负电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，流通负电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组流通单相交流电时，在被围绕的轭部形成轭部磁通，每一段轭部中的轭部磁通只有一种方向，或磁通为零。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，相邻的异向轭部磁通相互聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联形成一组轭部磁通，在一组轭部磁通头部(N极一端)最邻近的齿部形成正向齿部磁通，在一组轭部磁通尾部(S极一端)最邻近的齿部形成负向齿部磁通。两组轭部磁通相邻的头部聚集在最邻近的齿部形成正向齿部磁通，两组轭部磁通相邻的尾部聚集在最邻近的齿部形成负向齿部磁通。随着单相交流电电相位变化，罩普罩法的齿部磁通经过罩极形成转动定子磁场，罩普普法的齿部磁通经过普极形成交变定子磁场，罩普裂法的齿部磁通经过普极形成转动定子磁场，罩普混法的齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极形成混合定子磁场。N极是北极，S极是南极，*是乘号，/是除号，+是正号，-是负号。从轭部 指向转子的齿部磁通是正向齿部磁通，从转子指向轭部的齿部磁通是负向齿部磁通。所述各电枢绕组的相序编号也是各轭部绕组的相序编号，通常以小写英文字母顺序表示。
电枢绕组按罩普法通入单相交流电，罩普法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式，分为罩普普法、罩普罩法、罩普裂法和罩普混法。控制电路控制各轭部绕组通入的单相交流电有四种交流电电流，分别是+A相交流电和-A相交流电，以及由控制电路从单相交流电裂相生成的两种交流电电流——+B相交流电和-B相交流电，其中-A相交流电电相位比+A相交流电电相位超前180度；+B相交流电电相位比+A相交流电电相位超前90度，-B相交流电电相位比-A相交流电电相位超前90度。所述裂相生成电相位超前90度的交流电电流采用成熟技术，一般在电路上串联一个电容来实现。控制机构控制各轭部绕组分别通入四种交流电电流之一是成熟技术。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T是自然数，使2*T*R＝4*X。把普基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组，每支平均分为前半支和后半支。罩普普法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的交变定子磁场。推理可知：单号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，同样形成极对数为R的交变定子磁场。罩普裂法是：T/2为偶数，单号支前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支后半支轭部绕组通入+B相交流电，双号支前半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，双号支后半支轭部绕组通入-B相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。推理可知：单号支前半支通入+B相交流电、单号支后半支通入-A相交流电、双号支前半支通入-B相交流电、双号支后半支通入+A相交流电，同样形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场；单号支前半支通入-A相交流电、单号支后半支通入-B相交流电、双号支前半支通入+A相交流电、双号支后半支通入+B相交流电，同样形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。罩普混法是：T为2，单号支和双号支的前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支和双号支的后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每一支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2*R的混合定子磁场。推理可知：单号支和双号支的前半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，单号支和双号支的后半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，同样形成极对数为2*R的混合定子磁场。把罩基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。罩普罩法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭 部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。推理可知：单号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，同样形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。各轭部绕组被控制通入四种交流电电流之一是成熟技术。所述形成转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场，成熟技术方案是齿部绕组通入交流电形成齿部磁通，直接形成定子磁场。本发明提出的技术方案是各轭部绕组通入交流电形成轭部磁通、轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，间接形成定子磁场；优点在于轭部磁通的多种组合可以形成多种齿部磁通形成多种速度的定子磁场，且电枢绕组通电率100％。本发明还提出：齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极形成混合定子磁场，这种混合定子磁场的普极与罩极交替排列，其中普极呈现交变定子磁场、罩极呈现转动定子磁场，所以混合定子磁场是有转动方向的转动定子磁场。当T的取值范围为多个值时，罩普法有多种通电方式，形成不同的轭部磁通组合，聚集形成多种位置和数量的齿部磁通，转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场有多种极对数有多种速度。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换罩普法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场的速度。转动定子磁场或混合定子磁场驱动转子启动、运行，交变定子磁场驱动已经转动的转子运行。例如当X＝1时，罩普普法或罩普罩法T取值范围是2，各有一种速度；罩普混法取值为2，有一种最慢的速度。当X＝2时，罩普普法或罩普罩法T取值范围是2或4，各有二种速度；罩普裂法T取值4有一种速度；罩普混法有一种最慢的速度。当X＝3时，罩普普法或罩普罩法T取值范围是2或6，各有二种速度；罩普混法有一种最慢的速度。当X＝4时，罩普普法或罩普罩法T取值范围是2、4或8，各有三种速度；罩普裂法T取值为4或8有二种速度；罩普混法有一种最慢的速度。当X＝6时，罩普普法或罩普罩法T取值范围是2、4、6或12，各有四种速度；罩普裂法T取值4或12有二种速度；罩普混法有一种最慢的速度。当X＝8时，罩普普法或罩普罩法T取值范围是2、4、8或16，各有四种速度；罩普裂法T取值4、8或16有三种速度；罩普混法有一种最慢的速度。当X＝12时，罩普普法或罩普罩法T取值范围是2、4、6、8、12或24，各有六种速度；罩普裂法T取值4、8、12或24有四种速度；罩普混法有一种最慢的速度。当X＝16时，罩普普法或罩普罩法T取值范围是2、4、8、16或32，各有五种速度；罩普裂法T取值4、8、16或32有四种速度；罩普混法有一种最慢的速度。当X为其他的自然数时，T的取值范围、罩普法的通电方式、定子极对数、各定子磁场的速度可依此类推。
在各轭部绕组设置方式中，把任一段轭部绕组从原正轭部绕组改为现负轭部绕组，在罩普法的每一种通电方式中，把原轭部绕组通入的原交流电电流对应改为现负轭部绕组通入与 原交流电错开180度电相位的新交流电电流，则本发明不变。
本发明显然可以放弃罩普法的部分通电方式，成为定子磁场速度较少的电机。当放弃罩普法中的罩普裂法时，由于控制机构中的控制电路不需要提供+B相交流电或-B相交流电，控制电路较为简单。参见实施例1、2和3。罩普裂法形成的转动定子磁场力矩波动较小，电机振动较小、效率较高。
转子包括笼形感应转子和磁滞转子，均为成熟技术，采用其中之一作为转子。笼形感应转子由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成。磁滞转子由磁滞体和转子轴组成。所述笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成；笼形导条的具体数量按实际需要优化。笼形感应转子和磁滞转子的转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。
控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制机构控制各轭部绕组通入四种交流电电流之一。控制电路中可采用硬开关或软开关，单相电源可采用单相交流电源或单相逆变器电源。支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
控制机构，其中八相罩极启动普极运行电机的控制电路简图参见图6，图6中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电机采用罩普法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入A相交流电，其电路无双联开关。图6中所示控制电路只是成熟技术方案之一，控制电路也可以采用其他成熟技术方案。该八相罩极启动普极运行电机采用罩普法时定子磁场有三种速度，可供转子启动、运行；该电机功能非常丰富。
其中十六相罩极启动普极运行电机的控制电路简图参见图8，图8中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电、+B相交流电和-B相交流电这四种电流之中选择一种通入。以+c轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电或+B相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电或-B相交流电；下方的单开关可选择+c轭部绕组是否与电容串联，单开关向左闭合表示+c轭部绕组与电容串联，该轭部绕组通入+B相交流电或-B相交流电；单开关向右闭合表示+c轭部绕组不与电容串联，该轭部绕组通入+A相交流电或-A相交流电。由于该电机采用罩普法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无双联开关、单开关和电容；+b轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组和+j轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电或-A相交流电，其电路无单开关和电容。图8中所示控制电路只是成熟技术方案之一，控制电路也可以采用其他成熟技术方案。该十六相罩极启动普极运行电机采用罩普 法时定子磁场有四种速度，可供转子启动、运行；该电机功能非常丰富。
定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构组成罩极启动普极运行感应电机。定子、磁滞转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构组成罩极启动普极运行磁滞电机，这是定子极对数可以变极的变速磁滞电机。
传统单相交流罩极电动机，各相电枢绕组均围绕定子铁芯齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，各齿部绕组形成齿部磁通最终形成转动定子磁场，只有一种极对数一种转速。传统罩极结构是：一对交变齿部磁通经过一对罩极形成一对极对数的转动定子磁场。本发明创新罩极结构是：各轭部磁通以多种组合聚集形成多种齿部磁通，单相一对交变齿部磁通经过一对普极形成交变定子磁场，裂相二相四个交变齿部磁通经过二对普极形成转动定子磁场，单相一对交变齿部磁通同时经过一只罩极和一只普极形成混合定子磁场。罩极启动普极运行电机，各相电枢绕组围绕定子铁芯轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，丰富了定子结构；各轭部绕组形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通最终形成定子磁场，创新了定子磁场形成机制；采用罩普法，在通入单相交流电频率不变的条件下，通过切换罩普法的通电方式使定子磁场具有多种转速，增加了电机功能。罩极启动普极运行电机，有益之处还在于：由于轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通的聚磁效应，形成转动定子磁场的效率较高。由于在同一段轭部上只有同向的轭部绕组，没有异向轭部绕组，不相互干扰，效率较高。由于轭部绕组中平行于电机轴的部分只有半个设置在槽中，需要槽的深度较浅，齿部的高度较矮，自重较轻。本发明创新了电机的结构，创新了定子磁场形成机制，增加了电机功能。在此之前没有相同的电机。
所述定子铁芯、高磁通材料、轭部、齿部、极柱、普极、罩极、罩极线圈、齿部高度、槽的深度、磁极、聚集、交变定子磁场、转动定子磁场、极对数、频率和速度均为成熟技术。所述电线、绕组、绕制、电枢绕组、齿部绕组、连接、裂相和电相位均为成熟技术。
附图说明
图1是四相罩极启动普极运行电机剖面图，也是实施例1示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c和d)共四段，3为罩极，4为罩极线圈，5为普极，6为转子铁芯，7为笼形导条。
图2是八相罩极启动普极运行电机剖面图，也是实施例2示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c,d,e,f,g和h)共八段，3为罩极，4为罩极线圈，5为普极，6为转子铁芯，7为笼形导条。
图3是十二相罩极启动普极运行电机剖面图，也是实施例3示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k和l)共十二段，3为罩极，4为罩极 线圈，5为普极，6为转子铁芯，7为笼形导条。
图4是十六相罩极启动普极运行电机剖面图，也是实施例4示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o和p)共十六段，3为罩极，4为罩极线圈，5为普极，6为转子铁芯，7为笼形导条。
图5是四相罩极启动普极运行电机控制电路简图，也是实施例1示意图之二。
图6是八相罩极启动普极运行电机控制电路简图，也是实施例2示意图之二。
图7是十二相罩极启动普极运行电机控制电路简图，也是实施例3示意图之二。
图8是十六相罩极启动普极运行电机控制电路简图，也是实施例4示意图之二。
各图中，大括号指示各轭部绕组的相序编号，相序编号是绕组标示的成熟技术，各轭部绕组以少数匝数电线示意，实际电线匝数按实际需要设置。笼形线圈的前端环和后端环未剖到，笼形导条数量按实际需要数量设置。支承部件、机壳和控制机构等未画出。各部件只示意相互关系，未反映实际尺寸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：四相罩极启动普极运行电机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使四个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，四段轭部连接四个齿部形成定子铁芯。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方，逆时针方向为后方。选择任一齿部作为普基极，从普基极开始向前方依次对各齿部单双交替地编号为单号与双号。在每个双号齿部的偏前方半个齿部设置罩极线圈，在偏前方半个齿部设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。每个单号齿部不设置罩极线圈，是普极。普基极后方第一个齿部是罩基极。
电枢绕组有四相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在普基极前方的4段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置4段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)和第4相正轭部绕组(+d)。参见图1。
电枢绕组按罩普法通入单相交流电，罩普法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式，本实施例中分为罩普普法、罩普罩法和罩普混法。控制电路控制各轭部绕组通入的单相交流电有二种交流电电流，分别是+A相交流电和-A相交流电。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T是自然数，使2*T*R＝4*X。把普基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组， 每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组，每支平均分为前半支和后半支。罩普普法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的交变定子磁场。罩普混法是：T为2，单号支和双号支的前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支和双号支的后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每一支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2*R的混合定子磁场。把罩基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。罩普罩法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换罩普法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场的速度。
当R＝1时，T＝2，从普基极起，把前方4段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；罩普普法是：当+a轭部绕组和+b轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的交变定子磁场。这种交变定子磁场可驱动已转动的转子按原转动方向持续运行；运行稳定的转子额定转速接近交变定子磁场速度。罩普混法是：T＝2，每个前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，每个后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的混合定子磁场。混合定子磁场可以驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，其转子额定转速最慢。
当R＝1时，T＝2，从罩基极起，把前方4段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；罩普罩法是：当+a轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组和+b轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。这种转动定子磁场可驱动转子顺时针启动、运行；运行稳定的转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电机是二转速电机，显然可以放弃罩普法的部分通电方式而成为单转速电机。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后 端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见5，图5中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电机采用罩普法时，+a轭部绕组总是通+A相交流电，其电路无双联开关。当三个双联开关向左闭合时，它们分别控制的这三段轭部绕组分别通入+A相交流电；当三个双联开关向右闭合时，它们分别控制的这三段轭部绕组分别通入-A相交流电。该电机功能比传统单相交流罩极电机丰富。
实施例2：八相罩极启动普极运行电机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使八个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，八段轭部连接八个齿部形成定子铁芯。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方，逆时针方向为后方。选择任一齿部作为普基极，从普基极开始向前方依次对各齿部单双交替地编号为单号与双号。在每个双号齿部的偏前方半个齿部设置罩极线圈，在偏前方半个齿部设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。每个单号齿部不设置罩极线圈，是普极。普基极后方第一个齿部是罩基极。
电枢绕组有八相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在普基极前方的8段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置8段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)、第7相正轭部绕组(+g)和第8相正轭部绕组(+h)。参见图2。
电枢绕组按罩普法通入单相交流电，罩普法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式，本实施例中分为罩普普法、罩普罩法和罩普混法。控制电路控制各轭部绕组通入的单相交流电有二种交流电电流，分别是+A相交流电和-A相交流电。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T是自然数，使2*T*R＝4*X。把普基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组，平均分为前半支和后半支。罩普普法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组 通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的交变定子磁场。罩普混法是：T为2，单号支和双号支的前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支和双号支的后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每一支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2*R的混合定子磁场。把罩基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。罩普罩法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换罩普法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场的速度。
当R＝1时，T＝4，从普基极起，把前方8段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有8段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有4段轭部绕组；罩普普法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的交变定子磁场。当R＝2时，T＝2，从普基极起，把前方8段轭部绕组分为2组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；罩普普法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组和+f轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的交变定子磁场。这二种交变定子磁场均可驱动已转动的转子按原转动方向持续运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近交变定子磁场速度。
罩普混法是：T＝2，每个前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，每个后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为4的混合定子磁场。混合定子磁场可以驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，其转子额定转速最慢。
当R＝1时，T＝4，从罩基极起，把前方8段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有8段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有4段轭部绕组；罩普罩法第一种通电方式 是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。当R＝2时，T＝2，从罩基极起，把前方8段轭部绕组分为2组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；罩普罩法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+f轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的转动定子磁场。这二种转动定子磁场均可驱动转子顺时针启动、运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电机是三转速电机，显然可以放弃罩普法的部分通电方式而成为二转速电机或单转速电机。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见图6，图6中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电机采用罩普法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无双联开关。当七个双联开关向左闭合时，它们分别控制的这七段轭部绕组分别通入+A相交流电；当七个双联开关向右闭合时，它们分别控制的这七段轭部绕组分别通入-A相交流电。该电机功能比传统单相交流罩极电机丰富，也比任何传统的双速电机丰富。
实施例3：十二相罩极启动普极运行电机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十二个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十二段轭部连接十二个齿部形成定子铁芯。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方，逆时针方向为后方。选择任一齿部作为普基极，从普基极开始向前方依次对各齿部单双交替地编号为单号与双号。在每个双号齿部的偏前方半个齿部设置罩极线圈，在偏前方半个齿部设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。每个单号齿部不设置罩极线圈，是普极。普基极后方第一个齿 部是罩基极。
电枢绕组有十二相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在普基极前方的12段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置12段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)、第7相正轭部绕组(+g)、第8相正轭部绕组(+h)、第9相正轭部绕组(+i)、第10相正轭部绕组(+j)、第11相正轭部绕组(+k)和第12相正轭部绕组(+l)。参见图3。
电枢绕组按罩普法通入单相交流电，罩普法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式，本实施例中分为罩普普法、罩普罩法和罩普混法。控制电路控制各轭部绕组通入的单相交流电有二种交流电电流，分别是+A相交流电和-A相交流电。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T是自然数，使2*T*R＝4*X。把普基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组，每支平均分为前半支和后半支。罩普普法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的交变定子磁场。罩普混法是：T为2，单号支和双号支的前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支和双号支的后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每一支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2*R的混合定子磁场。把罩基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。罩普罩法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换罩普法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场的速度。
当R＝1时，T＝6，从普基极起，把前方12段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有12段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有6段轭部绕组；罩普普法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组和+f轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l 轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的交变定子磁场。当R＝3时，T＝2，从普基极起，把前方12段轭部绕组分为3组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；罩普普法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组和+j轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为3的交变定子磁场。这二种交变定子磁场均可驱动已转动的转子按原转动方向持续运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近交变定子磁场速度。
罩普混法是：T＝2，每个前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，每个后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为6的混合定子磁场。混合定子磁场可以驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，其转子额定转速最慢。
当R＝1时，T＝6，从罩基极起，把前方12段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有12段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有6段轭部绕组；罩普罩法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+f轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。当R＝3时，T＝2，从罩基极起，把前方12段轭部绕组分为3组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；罩普普法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+l部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+j轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为3的转动定子磁场。这二种转动定子磁场均可驱动转子顺时针启动、运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电机是三转速电机，显然可以放弃罩普法的部分通电方式而成为二转速电机或单转速电机。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控 制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见图7，图7中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电机采用罩普法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无双联开关。当十一个双联开关向左闭合时，它们分别控制的这十一段轭部绕组分别通入+A相交流电；当十一个双联开关向右闭合时，它们分别控制的这十一段轭部绕组分别通入-A相交流电。该电机功能比传统单相交流罩极电机丰富，也比任何传统的双速电机丰富。
实施例4：十六相罩极启动普极运行电机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十六个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十六段轭部连接十六个齿部形成定子铁芯。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方，逆时针方向为后方。选择任一齿部作为普基极，从普基极开始向前方依次对各齿部单双交替地编号为单号与双号。在每个双号齿部的偏前方半个齿部设置罩极线圈，在偏前方半个齿部设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。每个单号齿部不设置罩极线圈，是普极。普基极后方第一个齿部是罩基极。
电枢绕组有十六相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在普基极前方的16段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置16段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)、第7相正轭部绕组(+g)、第8相正轭部绕组(+h)、第9相正轭部绕组(+i)、第10相正轭部绕组(+j)、第11相正轭部绕组(+k)和第12相正轭部绕组(+l)、第13相正轭部绕组(+m)、第14相正轭部绕组(+n)、第15相正轭部绕组(+o)和第16相正轭部绕组(+p)。参见图4。
电枢绕组按罩普法通入单相交流电，罩普法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式，本实施例中分为罩普普法、罩普罩法、罩普裂法和罩普混法。控制电路控制各轭部绕组通入的单相交流电有四种交流电电流，分别是+A相交流电和-A相交流电，以及由控制电路从单相交流电裂相生成的两种交流电电流——+B相交流电和-B相交流电。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T是自然数，使2*T*R＝4*X。把普基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分 为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组，每支平均分为前半支和后半支。罩普普法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的交变定子磁场。罩普裂法是：T/2为偶数，单号支前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支后半支轭部绕组通入+B相交流电，双号支前半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，双号支后半支轭部绕组通入-B相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。罩普混法是：T为2，单号支和双号支的前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支和双号支的后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每一支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2*R的混合定子磁场。把罩基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。罩普罩法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换罩普法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场的速度。
当R＝1时，T＝8，从普基极起，把前方16段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有16段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有8段轭部绕组；罩普普法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组、+l轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组、+n轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的交变定子磁场。当R＝2时，T＝4，从普基极起，把前方16段轭部绕组分为2组，每组有8段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有4段轭部绕组；罩普普法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组、+n轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的交变定子磁场。当R＝4时，T＝2，从普基极起，把前方16段轭部绕组分为4 组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；罩普普法第三种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组和+n轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组、+l轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，形成极对数为4的交变定子磁场。这三种交变定子磁场均可驱动已经转动的转子按原转动方向持续运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近交变定子磁场速度。
当R＝1时，T＝8，从普基极起，把前方16段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有16段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有8段轭部绕组；每支分为前半支和后半支。罩普裂法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入+B相交流电，+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，+m轭部绕组、+n轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-B相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。。。。。。。。。当R＝2时，T＝4，从普基极起，把前方16段轭部绕组分为2组，每组有8段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有4段轭部绕组；每支分为前半支和后半支。罩普裂法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组和+j轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入+B相交流电，+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组和+n轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-B相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的转动定子磁场。
罩普混法是：T＝2，每个前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，每个后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为8的混合定子磁场。混合定子磁场可以驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，其转子额定转速最慢。
当R＝1时，T＝8，从罩基极起，把前方16段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有16段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有8段轭部绕组；罩普罩法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组、+l轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组、+n轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭 部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。当R＝2时，T＝4，从罩基极起，把前方16段轭部绕组分为2组，每组有8段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有4段轭部绕组；罩普罩法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+p轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组、+n轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的转动定子磁场。当R＝4时，T＝2，从罩基极起，把前方16段轭部绕组分为4组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；罩普罩法第三种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+p轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+n轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为4的转动定子磁场。这三种转动定子磁场均可驱动转子顺时针启动、运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电机是四转速电机，显然可以放弃罩普法的部分通电方式而成为三转速电机、二转速电机或单转速电机。当选择罩普裂法时形成的转动定子磁场力矩波动较小，电机振动较小、效率较高。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见图8，图8中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电、+B相交流电和-B相交流电这四种电流之中选择一种通入。以+c轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电或+B相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电或-B相交流电；下方的单开关可选择+c轭部绕组是否与电容串联，单开关向左闭合表示+c轭部绕组与电容串联，该轭部绕组通入+B相交流电或-B相交流电；单开关向右闭合表示+c轭部绕组不与电容串联，该轭部绕组通入+A相交流电或-A相交流电。由于该电机采用罩普法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无双联开关、单开关和电容；+b轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组和+j轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电或-A相交流电， 其电路无单开关和电容。该电机功能比传统单相交流罩极电机丰富，也比任何传统的双速电动机丰富。
在以上各实施例中，未显示定子的极弧、齿宽、齿高(极高)、齿形、轭厚度、线径、匝数、转子的详细性质和控制机构的详细性质等指标，对这些指标的优化选取均采用成熟技术。
以上描述了本发明基本原理、主要特征和优点，业内技术人员应该了解，本发明不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明的变化与改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求及同等物界定。

Claims (2)

  1. 罩极启动普极运行电机，包括罩极启动普极运行感应电机和罩极启动普极运行磁滞电机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成，特征在于：电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，按罩普法通入单相交流电，轭部绕组形成轭部磁通，轭部磁通聚集形成不同的齿部磁通，罩普罩法的齿部磁通经过罩极形成转动定子磁场，罩普普法的齿部磁通经过普极形成交变定子磁场，罩普裂法的齿部磁通经过普极形成转动定子磁场，罩普混法的齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极形成混合定子磁场；
    定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，定子铁芯采用成熟技术，包括齿部和轭部；定子铁芯有4*X个齿部、有4*X段轭部，选择任一齿部作为普基极，从普基极开始向前方依次对各齿部单双交替地编号为单号与双号，在每个双号齿部的偏前方半个齿部设置罩极线圈，在偏前方半个齿部设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极，每个单号齿部不设置罩极线圈，是普极，普基极后方第一个齿部是罩基极；
    电枢绕组包括4*X相电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制，形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置，各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定，各轭部绕组设置方式为：在普基极前方4*X段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置4*X段轭部绕组，均为正轭部绕组；
    电枢绕组按罩普法通入单相交流电，罩普法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式，分为罩普普法、罩普罩法、罩普裂法和罩普混法；控制电路控制各轭部绕组通入的单相交流电有四种交流电电流，分别是+A相交流电和-A相交流电，以及由控制电路从单相交流电裂相生成的两种交流电电流——+B相交流电和-B相交流电；设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T是自然数，使2*T*R＝4*X；把普基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组，每支平均分为前半支和后半支；罩普普法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的交变定子磁场；罩普裂法是：T/2为偶数，单号支前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支后半支轭部绕组通入+B相交流电，双号支前半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，双号支后半支轭部绕组通入-B相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过普极，随着交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场；罩普混法是：T为2，单号支和双号支的前半支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，单号支和双号支的后半支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每一支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通同时经过罩极和普极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2*R的混合定子磁场；把罩基极前方4*X段轭部绕组依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分 为2支，顺时针单双交替地依次把每支编号为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组；罩普罩法是：T为偶数，单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，齿部磁通经过罩极，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场；当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换罩普法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场或混合定子磁场的速度；不同速度的定子磁场驱动转子启动或运行；
    控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成；支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术；
    转子包括笼形感应转子和磁滞转子，均为成熟技术，采用其中之一作为转子；笼形感应转子由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成；磁滞转子由磁滞体和转子轴组成；转子采用笼形感应转子，定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构组成罩极启动普极运行感应电机。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的罩极启动普极运行电机，转子改为采用磁滞转子，定子、磁滞转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构组成罩极启动普极运行磁滞电机。
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CN103730995A (zh) * 2013-12-20 2014-04-16 合肥凯邦电机有限公司 外转子单相电机
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GB760975A (en) * 1954-04-01 1956-11-07 Emi Ltd Improvements in or relating to alternating current electric motors
US3270264A (en) * 1963-02-27 1966-08-30 Trane Co Consequent pole shaded pole motor
CN202840705U (zh) * 2012-09-18 2013-03-27 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 用于直流电机的定子和具有该定子的直流电机
CN103730995A (zh) * 2013-12-20 2014-04-16 合肥凯邦电机有限公司 外转子单相电机
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