WO2023164880A1 - 轭绕组多速罩极电动机 - Google Patents

轭绕组多速罩极电动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164880A1
WO2023164880A1 PCT/CN2022/079036 CN2022079036W WO2023164880A1 WO 2023164880 A1 WO2023164880 A1 WO 2023164880A1 CN 2022079036 W CN2022079036 W CN 2022079036W WO 2023164880 A1 WO2023164880 A1 WO 2023164880A1
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Prior art keywords
yoke
winding
speed
phase
rotor
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PCT/CN2022/079036
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗灿
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罗灿
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Application filed by 罗灿 filed Critical 罗灿
Priority to PCT/CN2022/079036 priority Critical patent/WO2023164880A1/zh
Publication of WO2023164880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164880A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K17/14—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current having windings arranged for permitting pole-changing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a single-phase AC shaded pole motor.
  • the armature winding adopts the yoke winding to be arranged along the yoke section; according to the multi-speed shaded pole method, the single-phase alternating current is fed in, and the yoke magnetic flux formed by each section of the yoke winding gathers to form a tooth magnetic flux at the nearest adjacent tooth.
  • the changing tooth magnetic flux passes through different shaded poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field with multiple pole pairs and multiple speeds to drive the rotor. This is the yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor.
  • the motor is composed of stator, rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components.
  • the motor is generally a cylindrical rotor located inside the center of the motor, and a circular stator located outside to surround the rotor. This is an inner rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can realize that the cylindrical stator is located inside the center of the motor, and the ring-shaped rotor is located outside to surround the stator, which is an outer rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can also realize the axial flux motor in which the disc stator is located on one side of the motor, the disc rotor is located on the other side of the motor, and the stator and rotor are axially opposite.
  • Topological technology can also realize a linear motor in which the linear stator and the linear rotor move in parallel.
  • the topology technology described is a mature technology. Motors all strive to increase functionality. Improving the stator, the key component of the motor, can improve the motor and increase its functions.
  • the armature winding adopts the tooth winding, and there is only one stator pole pair number, and the rotating stator magnetic field has only one speed.
  • the present invention proposes that the armature winding adopts the yoke winding, and the single-phase alternating current is fed in according to the multi-speed shaded pole method.
  • the single-phase alternating current is an alternating current whose phase current potential has a sinusoidal waveform or a nearly sinusoidal waveform over time.
  • single-phase alternating current or simulated single-phase alternating current generated by inverters are mature technologies.
  • the control of single-phase AC adopts mature technologies, such as current control, torque control, optimal efficiency control, field weakening control, position sensorless control, etc.
  • the yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor proposed by the present invention specifically, the armature winding adopts the yoke winding, and the single-phase alternating current is connected according to the multi-speed shaded pole method, and the stator magnetic field has a single-phase alternating current with multiple pole pairs and multiple speeds.
  • the shaded pole motor is to improve the motor and increase the function by improving the stator.
  • the electric motor industry requires yoke wound multispeed shaded pole motors.
  • the yoke-winding multi-speed shaded-pole motor of the present invention includes a yoke-winding multi-speed shaded-pole induction motor and a yoke-winding multi-speed shaded-pole hysteresis motor, and is composed of a stator, a rotor, a supporting component, a casing, a control mechanism and the like.
  • the feature is that: the armature winding adopts the yoke winding to be arranged along the yoke section, and the single-phase alternating current is fed in according to the multi-speed shaded pole method.
  • the yoke winding forms the yoke magnetic flux, and the yoke magnetic flux gathers to form the tooth magnetic flux.
  • the tooth magnetic flux passes through different shaded poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field with multiple pole pairs and multiple rotational speeds.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux materials. For example, it is made of silicon steel, laminated silicon steel, and the like.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that each tooth is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and faces the rotor inwardly, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the yoke is connected to each tooth to form the stator core.
  • the stator core has 2*X teeth and 2*X yoke segments, 2*X is the phase number of the armature winding, and X is a natural number greater than 1.
  • a shaded pole coil is arranged on half of each tooth portion, and each shaded pole coil is arranged in the same direction, and the tooth portion on which the shaded pole coil is installed is a shaded pole.
  • the shaded pole coil and the arrangement of the shaded pole coil on half of the teeth are mature technologies.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear.
  • the armature winding is a wire structure that passes through a single-phase alternating current to form a changing yoke magnetic flux and finally forms a rotating stator magnetic field, including 2*X-phase armature windings.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • 2*X-section yoke windings are arranged in the order of phase sequence numbers, all of which are positive yoke windings.
  • the wires and the number of turns of each segment of the yoke winding are the same.
  • the positive and negative of the yoke winding are determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the yoke orientation method is as follows: select a section of the stator core parallel to the rotor movement direction, and set the clockwise direction in the section view as the positive direction of the yoke magnetic flux, that is, when When the N pole direction of the yoke magnetic flux is clockwise, the yoke magnetic flux in this section is positive yoke magnetic flux, and when the N pole direction of the yoke magnetic flux is counterclockwise, the yoke magnetic flux in this section is negative yoke magnetic flux .
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a positive current flows is a positive yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a positive current flows is a negative yoke winding.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a current flows is a negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a negative current flows is a positive yoke winding.
  • a yoke magnetic flux is formed in the surrounded yoke, and the yoke magnetic flux in each segment of the yoke has only one direction, or the magnetic flux is zero.
  • the magnetic fluxes of adjacent co-directional yokes are connected in series, and the magnetic fluxes of adjacent non-directional yokes gather together. Concentrate on the nearest adjacent teeth to form a tooth flux. Adjacent yoke fluxes in the same direction are connected in series to form a set of yoke fluxes, and positive tooth fluxes are formed at the nearest teeth of a set of yoke flux heads (N poles).
  • the teeth closest to the flux tail (S pole) form a negative tooth flux.
  • the adjacent heads of the two sets of yoke magnetic flux gather at the nearest teeth to form positive tooth flux, and the adjacent tails of the two sets of yoke magnetic flux gather at the nearest teeth to form negative tooth magnetic flux .
  • the changing tooth flux passes through the shaded poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the N pole is the North Pole
  • the S pole is the South Pole
  • * is a multiplication sign
  • / is a division sign
  • + is a plus sign
  • - is a minus sign, a minus sign.
  • the tooth flux directed from the yoke to the rotor is a positive tooth flux
  • the tooth flux directed from the rotor to the yoke is a negative tooth flux.
  • the phase sequence numbers of the armature windings are also the phase sequence numbers of the yoke windings, usually expressed in lowercase English letters.
  • the armature winding is connected to single-phase alternating current according to the multi-speed shaded pole method, and the multi-speed shaded pole method is a variety of energization methods for feeding single-phase alternating current.
  • the control circuit controls the single-phase alternating current fed into each yoke winding.
  • One of the two alternating currents that enables each of the yoke windings to be individually controlled to pass through a single-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T be the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • R groups each group has 2*T section yoke windings
  • each group is divided into 2 pieces, numbered clockwise and each piece is single number and double number No., each with T segment yoke winding.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method is: the single-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the magnetic flux of the yoke formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a pair of poles
  • the logarithmic tooth magnetic flux changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R. It can be inferred that: the single-numbered yoke winding is fed with -A phase alternating current, and the double-numbered yoke winding is fed with +A phase alternating current, which also forms a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • each yoke winding is controlled to pass one of two alternating currents.
  • the mature technical solution is to pass through the tooth windings of single-phase alternating current to form alternating tooth magnetic flux, and to form the rotating stator magnetic field through the shaded poles; the technical solution proposed by the present invention is to pass one of the two alternating current
  • Each yoke winding forms a yoke magnetic flux, the yoke magnetic flux gathers to form an alternating tooth magnetic flux, and passes through the shaded poles to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method has a variety of energization methods, and the formed magnetic flux of each yoke has various combinations, which gather to form a variety of positions and numbers of tooth magnetic fluxes.
  • Shaded poles the rotating stator magnetic field has a variety of pole pairs and speeds.
  • the value of each T corresponds to a power supply method of the multi-speed shaded pole method, and corresponds to a pole pair number and a speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • X is determined, the number of stator core yokes and the number of yoke windings are determined.
  • the value range of T the energization method of the multi-speed shaded
  • any section of yoke winding is changed from the original positive yoke winding to negative yoke winding, and in each energization mode of the multi-speed shaded pole method, the original yoke winding is connected to The original single-phase alternating current corresponding to the new single-phase alternating current which is staggered by 180 degrees of electric phase with the original single-phase alternating current that the current negative yoke portion winding feeds into, then the present invention remains unchanged.
  • the present invention can abandon the partial energization mode of the multi-speed shaded pole method, and become a motor with less magnetic field speed of the rotating stator.
  • the rotor includes a cage-shaped induction rotor and a hysteresis rotor, both of which are mature technologies, and one of them is used as the rotor.
  • the cage induction rotor consists of a rotor core, a cage coil and a rotor shaft.
  • a hysteresis rotor consists of a hysteresis body and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage coil is composed of a front ring, a rear ring and cage guide bars; the specific number of cage guide bars is optimized according to actual needs.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs for cage-shaped induction rotors and hysteresis rotors is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply, and the control mechanism controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase alternating current.
  • Hard switching or soft switching can be used in the control circuit, and single-phase AC power or single-phase inverter power can be used for single-phase power supply.
  • the supporting components, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • FIG. 6 For the control mechanism, see Figure 6 for the schematic diagram of the control circuit of the four-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor. Select one of the two currents, , -A phase alternating current.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the A-phase alternating current, and its circuit has no switch, and the +d yoke winding is always connected to the -A phase alternating current, and its circuit has no switch.
  • the control circuit shown in FIG. 6 is only one of the mature technical solutions, and the control circuit can also adopt other mature technical solutions.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has two speeds, which can be used for the rotor to start and run; the motor has very rich functions.
  • Stator, cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism constitute a yoke-winding multi-speed shaded-pole induction motor.
  • the stator, the hysteresis rotor, the supporting parts, the casing and the control mechanism form the yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole hysteresis motor, which is a variable speed hysteresis motor whose stator pole number can be changed.
  • Yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor the armature windings of each phase are wound around the yoke of the stator core to form yoke windings, which improves the stator structure; each yoke winding forms the magnetic flux of the yoke, gathers the magnetic flux of the teeth, and finally forms the rotating stator
  • the magnetic field has innovated the formation mechanism of the stator magnetic field; using the multi-speed shaded pole method, under the condition that the frequency of the single-phase alternating current is constant, the rotating stator magnetic field has multiple speeds by switching the power-on mode of the multi-speed shaded pole method, increasing the motor function.
  • the benefit of the multi-speed shaded pole motor with yoke winding is that the efficiency of forming the magnetic field of the rotating stator is higher due to the magnetic flux gathering effect of the tooth part due to the magnetic flux accumulation of the yoke part. Since there are only yoke windings in the same direction on the same section of the yoke, and there are no yoke windings in different directions, there is no mutual interference and the efficiency is high. Since only half of the part of the yoke winding parallel to the motor shaft is arranged in the slot, the depth of the slot needs to be shallow, the height of the teeth is relatively short, and the self-weight is light.
  • the invention innovates the structure of the motor, innovates the formation mechanism of the stator magnetic field, and enriches the functions of the motor. There wasn't an identical motor before this one.
  • stator core high magnetic flux material
  • yoke tooth, pole, tooth height, slot depth, magnetic pole, aggregation, stator magnetic field, pole pair number, frequency and speed
  • wires, windings, windings, armature windings, tooth windings, connections and electrical phases are all well-established technologies.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a four-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of Embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core teeth
  • 4 is the shaded pole
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 For the cage guide bar.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a six-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of the second embodiment.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core teeth
  • 4 is the shaded pole
  • 5 is the rotor Iron core
  • 6 is cage guide bar.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of an eight-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of the third embodiment.
  • 1 is the yoke of the stator core
  • 2 is the winding of the yoke
  • 3 is the teeth of the stator core
  • 4 is the shaded pole
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 is the cage guide bar.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a multi-speed shaded pole motor with 12-phase yoke windings, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of the fourth embodiment.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator Iron core teeth
  • 4 is the shaded pole
  • 5 is the rotor core
  • 6 is the cage guide bar.
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a sixteen-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of the fifth embodiment.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the tooth part of the stator iron core
  • 4 is the shaded pole
  • 5 is the rotor iron core
  • 6 is the cage guide bar.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of a multi-speed shaded pole motor with four-phase yoke windings, which is also the second schematic diagram of the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a six-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor control circuit, which is also the second schematic diagram of the second embodiment.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit of the eight-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor, which is also the second schematic diagram of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of a multi-speed shaded pole motor with twelve-phase yoke windings, which is also the second schematic diagram of Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of a multi-speed shaded pole motor with twelve-phase yoke windings, which is also the second schematic diagram of Embodiment 4.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a sixteen-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole motor control circuit, which is also the second schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment.
  • the curly brackets indicate the phase sequence number of each yoke winding.
  • the phase sequence number is a mature technology for winding labeling.
  • Each yoke winding is represented by a small number of turns of wires, and the actual number of turns of wires is set according to actual needs.
  • the front end ring and the rear end ring of the cage coil are not cut, and the number of cage guide bars is set according to the actual number. Supporting parts, casing and control mechanism etc. are not drawn. Each component only shows the mutual relationship, and does not reflect the actual size.
  • Embodiment 1 A four-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole induction motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting components, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the four teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the four segments of the yoke are connected to the four teeth to form the stator core.
  • a shaded pole coil is disposed on half of each tooth portion, and the installation direction of each shaded pole coil is forward, and the tooth portion on which the shaded pole coil is disposed is a shaded pole.
  • the armature winding has four phases, and the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • each yoke winding 4 sections of yoke windings are arranged on the 4 sections of yoke in front of the base according to the sequence of phase numbers, which are the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding ( +b), the 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c) and the 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d). See Figure 1.
  • the armature winding is connected to single-phase alternating current according to the multi-speed shaded pole method, and the multi-speed shaded pole method is a variety of energization methods for feeding single-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T be the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • R groups the 2*X section yoke windings clockwise into R groups, each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, numbered clockwise and each piece is single number and double number No., each with T segment yoke winding.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method is: the single-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the magnetic flux of the yoke formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a pair of poles
  • the logarithmic tooth magnetic flux changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method has a variety of energization methods, and the formed magnetic flux of each yoke has various combinations, which gather to form a variety of positions and numbers of tooth magnetic fluxes.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has a variety of pole pairs and speeds.
  • the value of each T corresponds to a power supply method of the multi-speed shaded pole method, and corresponds to a pole pair number and a speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • X the number of stator core yokes and the number of yoke windings are determined.
  • switching the value of T and switching the energization mode of the multi-speed shaded pole method will switch the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field is switched.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field at different speeds drives the rotor to start and run.
  • the first power-on method of the multi-speed shaded pole method is: when the +a yoke winding and +b yoke winding are fed with +A phase AC, the +c yoke winding and + d The yoke winding is fed with -A phase alternating current, and as the phase of the single-phase alternating current changes, a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 1 is formed.
  • the second power supply method is: when +a yoke winding and +c yoke winding are connected to +A phase AC, +b yoke winding and + d
  • the yoke winding is fed with -A phase alternating current, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 2 is formed.
  • the motor of this embodiment is a two-speed motor, and it is obvious that the partial energization method of the multi-speed shaded pole method can be abandoned to become a single-speed motor.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • control circuit diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 6.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply. Choose one of them.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch, and the +d yoke winding is always connected to the -A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch.
  • the two double-connected switches are respectively closed to the left, the two sections of yoke windings controlled by them are connected to the +A phase AC respectively; The yoke windings are fed with -A phase alternating current respectively.
  • the function of the motor is richer than that of the traditional single-phase AC shaded pole motor.
  • Embodiment 2 A six-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole induction motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting components, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the six teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction toward the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the six-section yoke connects the six teeth to form the stator core.
  • a shaded pole coil is disposed on half of each tooth portion, and the installation direction of each shaded pole coil is forward, and the tooth portion on which the shaded pole coil is disposed is a shaded pole.
  • the armature winding has six phases, and each phase of the armature winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • each yoke winding on the 6-segment yoke in front of the base pole, 6-segment yoke windings are arranged in order of phase sequence numbers, which are the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding ( +b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and 6th phase positive yoke winding (+f ). See Figure 2.
  • the armature winding is connected to single-phase alternating current according to the multi-speed shaded pole method, and the multi-speed shaded pole method is a variety of energization methods for feeding single-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T be the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • R groups the 2*X section yoke windings clockwise into R groups, each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, numbered clockwise and each piece is single number and double number No., each with T segment yoke winding.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method is: the single-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the magnetic flux of the yoke formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a pair of poles
  • the logarithmic tooth magnetic flux changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method has a variety of energization methods, and the formed magnetic flux of each yoke has various combinations, which gather to form a variety of positions and numbers of tooth magnetic fluxes.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has a variety of pole pairs and speeds.
  • the value of each T corresponds to a power supply method of the multi-speed shaded pole method, and corresponds to a pole pair number and a speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • X the number of stator core yokes and the number of yoke windings are determined.
  • switching the value of T and switching the energization mode of the multi-speed shaded pole method will switch the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field is switched.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field at different speeds drives the rotor to start and run.
  • the first power supply method of the multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding and +c yoke winding are connected to +A phase AC, + The d yoke winding, the +e yoke winding and the +f yoke winding are fed with -A phase alternating current, and as the phase of the single-phase alternating current changes, a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 1 is formed.
  • the second power supply method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +c yoke winding and +e yoke winding are connected to +A phase AC, + The b yoke winding, the +d yoke winding and the +f yoke winding are supplied with -A phase alternating current, and as the phase of the single-phase alternating current changes, a rotating stator magnetic field with 3 pole pairs is formed. These two rotating stator magnetic fields can drive the rotor to start and run; after the operation is stable, the rated speed of the rotor is close to the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the motor of this embodiment is a two-speed motor, and it is obvious that the partial energization method of the multi-speed shaded pole method can be abandoned to become a single-speed motor.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the control circuit diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 7.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply. Choose one of them.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch, and the +f yoke winding is always connected to the -A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch.
  • the four double-connected switches are respectively closed to the left, the four sections of yoke windings controlled by them are connected to the +A phase AC respectively; The yoke windings are fed with -A phase alternating current respectively.
  • the function of the motor is richer than that of the traditional single-phase AC shaded pole motor.
  • Embodiment 3 An eight-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole induction motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting components, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the eight teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the eight-segment yoke connects the eight teeth to form the stator core.
  • a shaded pole coil is disposed on half of each tooth portion, and the installation direction of each shaded pole coil is forward, and the tooth portion on which the shaded pole coil is disposed is a shaded pole.
  • the armature winding has eight phases, and each phase of the armature winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • each yoke winding on the 8-segment yoke in front of the base, 8-segment yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence number, which is the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding ( +b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and 6th phase positive yoke winding (+f ), the 7th phase positive yoke winding (+g) and the 8th phase positive yoke winding (+h).
  • the phase sequence number which is the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding ( +b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and 6th phase positive yoke winding (+f ), the
  • the armature winding is connected to single-phase alternating current according to the multi-speed shaded pole method, and the multi-speed shaded pole method is a variety of energization methods for feeding single-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T be the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • R groups the 2*X section yoke windings clockwise into R groups, each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, numbered clockwise and each piece is single number and double number No., each with T segment yoke winding.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method is: the single-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the magnetic flux of the yoke formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a pair of poles
  • the logarithmic tooth magnetic flux changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method has a variety of energization methods, and the formed magnetic flux of each yoke has various combinations, which gather to form a variety of positions and numbers of tooth magnetic fluxes.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has a variety of pole pairs and speeds.
  • the value of each T corresponds to a power supply method of the multi-speed shaded pole method, and corresponds to a pole pair number and a speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • X the number of stator core yokes and the number of yoke windings are determined.
  • switching the value of T and switching the energization mode of the multi-speed shaded pole method will switch the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field is switched.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field at different speeds drives the rotor to start and run.
  • the first power-on method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding and +d yoke winding are connected +A-phase alternating current, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to -A-phase alternating current, and the number of pole pairs is 1 as the phase of the single-phase alternating current changes.
  • the second power supply method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +e yoke winding and +f yoke winding are connected +A-phase alternating current, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to -A-phase alternating current, and the number of pole pairs is 2 as the phase of the single-phase alternating current changes.
  • the third power supply method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +e yoke winding and +g yoke winding are connected +A-phase alternating current, +b yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +f yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to -A-phase alternating current, and the number of pole pairs is 4 as the phase of the single-phase alternating current changes.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field These three rotating stator magnetic fields can drive the rotor to start and run; after the operation is stable, the rated speed of the rotor is
  • the motor in this embodiment is a three-speed motor, obviously, the partial energization method of the multi-speed shaded pole method can be abandoned to become a two-speed motor or a single-speed motor.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the control circuit diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 8.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply. Choose one of them.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch, and the +h yoke winding is always connected to the -A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch.
  • the six double-connected switches are respectively closed to the left, the six sections of yoke windings controlled by them are connected to +A phase AC respectively; when the six double-connected double switches are respectively closed to the right, the six sections controlled by them
  • the yoke windings are fed with -A phase alternating current respectively.
  • the function of this motor is richer than that of traditional single-phase AC shaded pole motors, and also richer than any traditional two-speed motors.
  • Embodiment 4 A twelve-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole induction motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, a supporting component, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required so that the twelve teeth are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the twelve segments of the yoke connect the twelve teeth to form the stator core.
  • a shaded pole coil is disposed on half of each tooth portion, and the installation direction of each shaded pole coil is forward, and the tooth portion on which the shaded pole coil is disposed is a shaded pole.
  • the armature winding has twelve phases, and each phase of the armature winding uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • each yoke winding on the 12-segment yoke in front of the base pole, the 12-segment yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence number, which is the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding ( +b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and 6th phase positive yoke winding (+f ), the 7th phase positive yoke winding (+g), the 8th phase positive yoke winding (+h), the 9th phase positive yoke winding (+i), the 10th phase positive yoke winding (+j), The 11th phase positive yoke winding (+k) and the 12th phase positive yoke winding (+l). See Figure 4.
  • the armature winding is connected to single-phase alternating current according to the multi-speed shaded pole method, and the multi-speed shaded pole method is a variety of energization methods for feeding single-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T be the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • R groups the 2*X section yoke windings clockwise into R groups, each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, numbered clockwise and each piece is single number and double number No., each with T segment yoke winding.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method is: the single-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the magnetic flux of the yoke formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a pair of poles
  • the logarithmic tooth magnetic flux changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method has a variety of energization methods, and the formed magnetic flux of each yoke has various combinations, which gather to form a variety of positions and numbers of tooth magnetic fluxes.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has a variety of pole pairs and speeds.
  • the value of each T corresponds to a power supply method of the multi-speed shaded pole method, and corresponds to a pole pair number and a speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • X the number of stator core yokes and the number of yoke windings are determined.
  • switching the value of T and switching the energization mode of the multi-speed shaded pole method will switch the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field is switched.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field at different speeds drives the rotor to start and run.
  • the first power-on method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, + The e yoke winding and +f yoke winding are fed with +A phase alternating current, +g yoke winding, +h yoke winding, +i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +k yoke winding and +l yoke
  • the external winding is fed with -A phase alternating current, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 1 is formed.
  • each branch has 3 sections of yoke winding;
  • the second energization method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +g yoke winding, +h
  • the yoke winding and the +i yoke winding are connected to the +A phase alternating current, the +d yoke winding, the +e yoke winding, the +f yoke winding, the +j yoke winding, the +k yoke winding and the +l yoke
  • the winding is fed with -A phase alternating current, and as the phase of the single-phase alternating current changes, a rotating stator magnetic field with a pole pair number of 2 is formed.
  • the third power supply method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, + The i yoke winding and the +j yoke winding are connected to the +A phase alternating current, the +c yoke winding, the +d yoke winding, the +g yoke winding, the +h yoke winding, the +k yoke winding and the +l yoke
  • the external winding is fed with -A phase alternating current, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, a rotating stator magnetic field with 3 pole pairs is formed.
  • the fourth power supply method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +e yoke winding, +g yoke winding, + The i yoke winding and the +k yoke winding are connected to the +A phase alternating current, the +b yoke winding, the +d yoke winding, the +f yoke winding, the +h yoke winding, the +j yoke winding and the +l yoke
  • the external winding is fed with -A phase alternating current, and with the phase change of the single-phase alternating current, a rotating stator magnetic field with 6 pole pairs is formed
  • the motor in this embodiment is a four-speed motor, obviously, the partial energization method of the multi-speed shaded pole method can be abandoned to become a three-speed motor, a two-speed motor or a single-speed motor.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • control circuit diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 9.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply. Choose one of them.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch, and the +1 yoke winding is always connected to the -A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch.
  • the ten double switches are respectively closed to the left, the ten sections of yoke windings controlled by them are connected to the +A phase AC respectively; when the ten double switches are respectively closed to the right, the ten sections they respectively control The yoke windings are fed with -A phase alternating current respectively.
  • the function of this motor is richer than that of traditional single-phase AC shaded pole motors, and also richer than any traditional two-speed motors.
  • Embodiment 5 A sixteen-phase yoke winding multi-speed shaded pole induction motor is composed of a stator, a cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting components, a casing, and a control mechanism.
  • the stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the sixteen teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the sixteen segments of the yoke are connected to the sixteen teeth to form the stator core.
  • a shaded pole coil is disposed on half of each tooth portion, and the installation direction of each shaded pole coil is forward, and the tooth portion on which the shaded pole coil is disposed is a shaded pole.
  • the armature winding has sixteen phases, and each phase of the armature winding uses wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a section of yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • each yoke winding on the 16-segment yoke in front of the base, 16-segment yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence number, which is the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding ( +b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and 6th phase positive yoke winding (+f ), the 7th phase positive yoke winding (+g), the 8th phase positive yoke winding (+h), the 9th phase positive yoke winding (+i), the 10th phase positive yoke winding (+j), The 11th phase positive yoke winding (+k), the 12th phase positive yoke winding (+l), the 13th phase positive yoke winding (+m), the 14th phase positive yoke winding (+n), the 15th Phase sequence number, which
  • the armature winding is connected to single-phase alternating current according to the multi-speed shaded pole method, and the multi-speed shaded pole method is a variety of energization methods for feeding single-phase alternating current.
  • R be the number of pole pairs of the stator
  • T be the number of yoke winding segments contained in each branch
  • R groups the 2*X section yoke windings clockwise into R groups, each group has 2*T section yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 pieces, numbered clockwise and each piece is single number and double number No., each with T segment yoke winding.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method is: the single-numbered yoke winding is connected to the +A phase AC, and the double-numbered yoke winding is connected to the -A phase AC, and the magnetic flux of the yoke formed by each two yoke windings gathers to form a pair of poles
  • the logarithmic tooth magnetic flux changes with the phase of the single-phase alternating current to form a rotating stator magnetic field with the number of pole pairs R.
  • the multi-speed shaded pole method has a variety of energization methods, and the formed magnetic flux of each yoke has various combinations, which gather to form a variety of positions and numbers of tooth magnetic fluxes.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has a variety of pole pairs and speeds.
  • the value of each T corresponds to a power supply method of the multi-speed shaded pole method, and corresponds to a pole pair number and a speed of the rotating stator magnetic field.
  • X the number of stator core yokes and the number of yoke windings are determined.
  • switching the value of T and switching the energization mode of the multi-speed shaded pole method will switch the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field is switched.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field at different speeds drives the rotor to start and run.
  • the 16-segment yoke windings are divided into 1 group, each group has 16 yoke windings, and each group is divided into 2 branches, which are sequentially numbered clockwise and Double numbers, each with 8 sections of yoke windings;
  • the first power-on method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, + e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding and +h yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +k yoke winding, +l yoke The first winding, the +m yoke winding, the +n yoke winding, the +o yoke winding and the +p yoke winding are fed
  • the 16-segment yoke windings are divided into 2 groups, each group has 8 yoke windings, each group is divided into 2 branches, clockwise sequentially numbered and Double number, each branch has 4 sections of yoke winding;
  • the second power supply method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, + The i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +k yoke winding and +l yoke winding are connected to +A phase alternating current, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +g yoke winding, +h yoke The first winding, the +m yoke winding, the +n yoke winding, the +o yoke winding and the +p yoke winding are fed with -
  • the third power supply method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +b yoke winding, +e yoke winding, +f yoke winding, + The i yoke winding, +j yoke winding, +m yoke winding and +n yoke winding are fed with +A phase alternating current, +c yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +g yoke winding, +h yoke The first winding, the +k yoke winding, the +l yoke winding, the +o yoke winding and the +p yoke winding are fed with -
  • the fourth power supply method of multi-speed shaded pole method is: when +a yoke winding, +c yoke winding, +e yoke winding, +g yoke winding, + The i yoke winding, +k yoke winding, +m yoke winding and +o yoke winding are fed with +A phase alternating current, +b yoke winding, +d yoke winding, +f yoke winding, +h yoke The first winding, the +j yoke winding, the +l yoke winding, the +n yoke winding and the +p yoke winding are fed with
  • the motor in this embodiment is a four-speed motor, obviously, the partial energization method of the multi-speed shaded pole method can be abandoned to become a three-speed motor, a two-speed motor or a single-speed motor.
  • the rotor adopts a cage-shaped induction rotor, which is composed of a rotor core, a cage-shaped coil and a rotor shaft.
  • the cage-shaped coil is composed of a front ring, a rear-end ring and a cage guide bar.
  • the number of rotor pole pairs is automatically equal to the number of stator pole pairs.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a control circuit and a single-phase power supply.
  • the control circuit adopts a hard switch, and the power supply adopts a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the control circuit diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 10.
  • the control circuit controls each yoke winding to be connected to a single-phase power supply. Choose one of them.
  • the two switches arranged side by side with a dotted line at the top to indicate that they have a linkage relationship with each other are double-connected switches.
  • the double-connected switch is closed to the left to indicate that the +A phase is connected to the alternating current, and the double-connected switch is turned to the right. Closing means that -A phase alternating current is connected.
  • the +a yoke winding is always connected to the +A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch, and the +p yoke winding is always connected to the -A phase AC, and its circuit has no switch.
  • the fourteen double-connected switches are respectively closed to the left, the fourteen sections of yoke windings controlled by them are connected to the +A phase AC respectively; These fourteen sections of yoke windings are fed into -A phase alternating current respectively.
  • the function of this motor is richer than that of traditional single-phase AC shaded pole motors, and also richer than any traditional two-speed motors.
  • stator s pole arc, tooth width, tooth height (extremely high), yoke thickness, wire diameter, number of turns, detailed properties of the rotor, and detailed properties of the control mechanism are not shown.
  • Optimal selection adopts mature technology.

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Abstract

轭绕组多速罩极电动机，包括轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机和轭绕组多速罩极磁滞电动机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成，特征是：各相电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，齿部都是罩极。按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，相邻的异向轭部磁通相互聚集；聚集的轭部磁通在最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通，变化的齿部磁通经过不同罩极形成有多种速度的转动定子磁场，驱动转子以多种额定转速运行。

Description

轭绕组多速罩极电动机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种单相交流罩极电动机。具体是电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置；按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，各段轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集，在最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通，变化的齿部磁通经过不同罩极形成多种极对数多种速度的转动定子磁场，驱动转子。这就是轭绕组多速罩极电动机。
背景技术
电机由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。电机一般是圆柱状转子位于电机中心内部、圆环状定子位于外部包围转子，这是内转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术可以实现圆柱状定子位于电机中心内部，圆环状转子位于外部包围定子，这是外转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现盘状定子位于电机一侧，盘状转子位于电机另一侧，定子与转子轴向相对的轴向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现线状定子与线状转子相对平行运动的直线电机。所述拓扑技术是成熟技术。电机都努力增加功能。改进电机的关键部件定子，就可以改进电机，增加功能。传统单相交流罩极电动机，电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，只有一种定子极对数，转动定子磁场只有一种转速。本发明提出，电枢绕组采用轭部绕组，按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，在单相交流电频率不变的条件下，切换轭部绕组多种通电方式、切换多种定子极对数，实现多种极对数变极控制，转动定子磁场可以实现多种转速，增加电动机功能。所述单相交流电是相电流电势随时间呈正弦波形或接近正弦波形的交流电。例如单相交流电或逆变器产生的模拟单相交流电等，均为成熟技术。控制单相交流电采用成熟技术，例如电流控制、转矩控制、最优效率控制、弱磁控制、无位置传感器控制等。
本发明提出的轭绕组多速罩极电动机，具体是电枢绕组采用轭部绕组、按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，定子磁场具有多种极对数具有多种速度的单相交流罩极电动机，就是通过改进定子来改进电机，增加功能。电机行业需要轭绕组多速罩极电动机。
发明内容
本发明轭绕组多速罩极电动机，包括轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机和轭绕组多速罩极磁滞电动机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。特征在于：电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，轭部绕组形成轭部磁通，轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，变化的齿部磁通经过不同罩极形成多种极对数多种转速的转动定子磁 场。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术，采用高磁通材料制造。例如采用硅钢、层叠硅钢等制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使各个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向内朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，轭部连接各个齿部形成定子铁芯。定子铁芯有2*X个齿部、有2*X段轭部，2*X为电枢绕组相数，X是大于1的自然数。在每个齿部的半个齿部设置罩极线圈，每个罩极线圈的设置方向相同，设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。所述罩极线圈和在齿部的半个齿部设置罩极线圈是成熟技术。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方，逆时针方向为后方。
电枢绕组是通入单相交流电形成变化的轭部磁通最终形成转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括2*X相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置，各轭部绕组设置方式为：选定一个罩极作为基极，在基极前方2*X段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置2*X段轭部绕组，均为正轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组的电线和匝数等内容相同。轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定，轭部定向方法如下：平行于转子运动方向选定一个定子铁芯截面，设该截面图中顺时针方向为轭部磁通正向，即当轭部磁通的N极方向顺时针时该段轭部磁通为正向轭部磁通，当轭部磁通的N极方向逆时针时该段轭部磁通为负向轭部磁通。按右手螺旋定则，流通正电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组，流通正电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，流通负电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，流通负电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组流通单相交流电时，在被围绕的轭部形成轭部磁通，每一段轭部中的轭部磁通只有一种方向，或磁通为零。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，相邻的异向轭部磁通相互聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联形成一组轭部磁通，在一组轭部磁通头部(N极)最邻近的齿部形成正向齿部磁通，在一组轭部磁通尾部(S极)最邻近的齿部形成负向齿部磁通。两组轭部磁通相邻的头部聚集在最邻近的齿部形成正向齿部磁通，两组轭部磁通相邻的尾部聚集在最邻近的齿部形成负向齿部磁通。随着单相交流电电相位变化，变化的齿部磁通经过罩极形成转动定子磁场。N极是北极，S极是南极，*是乘号，/是除号，+是正号、加号，-是负号、减号。从轭部指向转子的齿部磁通是正向齿部磁通，从转子指向轭部的齿部磁通是负向齿部磁通。所述各电枢绕组的相序编号也是各轭部绕组的相序编号，通常以小写英文字母顺序表示。
电枢绕组按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，多速罩极法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式。控制电路控制各轭部绕组通入的单相交流电有二种交流电电流，分别是+A相交流电和-A相交流电，-A相交流电电相位比+A相交流电电相位超前180度。使各轭部绕组可以被控制分别通 入单相交流电的二种交流电电流之一。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T均是自然数，使2*T*R＝2*X。从基极起，把2*X段轭部绕组顺时针依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编号每支为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。多速罩极法是：单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。推理可知：单号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，同样形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。各轭部绕组被控制通入二种交流电电流之一是成熟技术。所述形成转动定子磁场，成熟技术方案是通入单相交流电的齿部绕组形成交变齿部磁通、经过罩极形成转动定子磁场；本发明提出的技术方案是通入二种交流电电流之一的各轭部绕组形成轭部磁通、轭部磁通聚集形成交变齿部磁通、经过罩极形成转动定子磁场。当T的取值范围为多个值时，多速罩极法有多种通电方式，形成的各轭部磁通有多种组合，聚集形成多种位置和数量的齿部磁通，经过不同罩极，转动定子磁场有多种极对数有多种速度，每个T的取值对应多速罩极法的一种通电方式、对应转动定子磁场的一种极对数一种速度。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换多速罩极法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场速度。不同速度的转动定子磁场驱动转子启动、运行。例如当X＝2时，T取值范围是1或2，转动定子磁场有两种速度；当X＝3时，T取值范围是1或3，转动定子磁场有两种速度；当X＝4时，T取值范围是1、2或4，转动定子磁场有三种速度；当X＝5时，T取值范围是1或5，转动定子磁场有两种速度；当X＝6时，T取值范围是1、2、3或6，转动定子磁场有四种速度；当X＝8时，T取值范围是1、2、4或8，转动定子磁场有四种速度；当X＝12时，T取值范围是1、2、3、4、6或12，转动定子磁场有六种速度；当X＝16时，T取值范围是1、2、4、8或16，转动定子磁场有五种速度。当X为其他的自然数时，T的取值范围、多速罩极法的通电方式、定子极对数、转动定子磁场速度可依此类推。
在各轭部绕组设置方式中，把任一段轭部绕组从原正轭部绕组改为负轭部绕组，在多速罩极法的每一种通电方式中，把该原轭部绕组通入的原单相交流电对应改为现负轭部绕组通入的与原单相交流电错开180度电相位的新单相交流电，则本发明不变。
本发明显然可以放弃多速罩极法的部分通电方式，成为转动定子磁场速度较少的电动机。
转子包括笼形感应转子和磁滞转子，均为成熟技术，采用其中之一作为转子。笼形感应转子由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成。磁滞转子由磁滞体和转子轴组成。所述笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成；笼形导条的具体数量按实际需要优化。笼形感应转子和磁滞转子的转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。
控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制机构控制各轭部绕组通入单相交流电。控制电路中可采用硬开关或软开关，单相电源可采用单相交流电源或单相逆变器电源。支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
控制机构，其中四相轭绕组多速罩极电动机的控制电路简图参见图6，图6中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。该电动机采用多速罩极法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入A相交流电，其电路无开关，+d轭部绕组总是通入-A相交流电，其电路无开关。图6中所示控制电路只是成熟技术方案之一，控制电路也可以采用其他成熟技术方案。该四相轭绕组多速罩极电动机采用多速罩极法时转动定子磁场有两种速度，可供转子启动、运行；该电动机功能非常丰富。
定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构组成轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机。定子、磁滞转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构组成轭绕组多速罩极磁滞电动机，这是定子极对数可以变极的变速磁滞电动机。
传统单相交流罩极电动机，各相电枢绕组均围绕定子铁芯齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，各齿部绕组形成齿部磁通最终形成转动定子磁场，只有一种极对数一种转速。轭绕组多速罩极电动机，各相电枢绕组围绕定子铁芯轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，改进了定子结构；各轭部绕组形成轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通最终形成转动定子磁场，创新了定子磁场形成机制；采用多速罩极法，在通入单相交流电频率不变的条件下，通过切换多速罩极法的通电方式使转动定子磁场具有多种转速，增加了电机功能。轭绕组多速罩极电动机，有益之处还在于：由于轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通的聚磁效应，形成转动定子磁场的效率较高。由于在同一段轭部上只有同向的轭部绕组，没有异向轭部绕组，不相互干扰，效率较高。由于轭部绕组中平行于电机轴的部分只有半个设置在槽中，需要槽的深度较浅，齿部的高度较矮，自重较轻。本发明创新了电机的结构，创新了定子磁场形成机制，丰富了电机功能。在此之前没有相同的电机。
所述定子铁芯、高磁通材料、轭部、齿部、极柱、齿部高度、槽的深度、磁极、聚集、定子磁场、极对数、频率和速度均为成熟技术。所述电线、绕组、绕制、电枢绕组、齿部绕组、连接和电相位均为成熟技术。
附图说明
图1是四相轭绕组多速罩极电动机剖面图，也是实施例1示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c和d)共四段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为罩极，5为转子铁芯， 6为笼形导条。
图2是六相轭绕组多速罩极电动机剖面图，也是实施例2示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c,d,e和f)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为罩极，5为转子铁芯，6为笼形导条。
图3是八相轭绕组多速罩极电动机剖面图，也是实施例3示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c,d,e,f,g和h)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为罩极，5为转子铁芯，6为笼形导条。
图4是十二相轭绕组多速罩极电动机剖面图，也是实施例4示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k和l)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为罩极，5为转子铁芯，6为笼形导条。
图5是十六相轭绕组多速罩极电动机剖面图，也是实施例5示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o和p)共十六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为罩极，5为转子铁芯，6为笼形导条。
图6是四相轭绕组多速罩极电动机控制电路简图，也是实施例1示意图之二。
图7是六相轭绕组多速罩极电动机控制电路简图，也是实施例2示意图之二。
图8是八相轭绕组多速罩极电动机控制电路简图，也是实施例3示意图之二。
图9是十二相轭绕组多速罩极电动机控制电路简图，也是实施例4示意图之二。
图10是十六相轭绕组多速罩极电动机控制电路简图，也是实施例5示意图之二。
各图中，大括号指示各轭部绕组的相序编号，相序编号是绕组标示的成熟技术，各轭部绕组以少数匝数电线示意，实际电线匝数按实际需要设置。笼形线圈的前端环和后端环未剖到，笼形导条数量按实际需要数量设置。支承部件、机壳和控制机构等未画出。各部件只示意相互关系，未反映实际尺寸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：四相轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使四个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，四段轭部连接四个齿部形成定子铁芯。在每个齿部的半个齿部设置罩极线圈，每个罩极线圈的设置方向向前，设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。
电枢绕组有四相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组， 沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在基极前方的4段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置4段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)和第4相正轭部绕组(+d)。参见图1。
电枢绕组按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，多速罩极法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T均是自然数，使2*T*R＝2*X。从基极起，把2*X段轭部绕组顺时针依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编号每支为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。多速罩极法是：单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。当T的取值范围为多个值时，多速罩极法有多种通电方式，形成的各轭部磁通有多种组合，聚集形成多种位置和数量的齿部磁通，经过不同罩极，转动定子磁场有多种极对数有多种速度，每个T的取值对应多速罩极法的一种通电方式、对应转动定子磁场的一种极对数一种速度。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换多速罩极法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场速度。不同速度的转动定子磁场驱动转子启动、运行。
当R＝1时，Q＝2，从基极起，把4段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组和+b轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。当R＝2时，Q＝1，从基极起，把4段轭部绕组分为2组，每组有2段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有1段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组和+c轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+b轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的转动定子磁场。这二种转动定子磁场均可驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电动机是二转速电动机，显然可以放弃多速罩极法的部分通电方式而成为单转速电动机。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见图6，图6中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接， 控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电动机采用多速罩极法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无开关，+d轭部绕组总是通入-A相交流电，其电路无开关。当二个双联开关分别向左闭合时，它们分别控制的这二段轭部绕组分别通入+A相交流电；当二个双联双开关分别向右闭合时，它们分别控制的这二段轭部绕组分别通入-A相交流电。该电动机功能比传统单相交流罩极电动机丰富。
实施例2：六相轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使六个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，六段轭部连接六个齿部形成定子铁芯。在每个齿部的半个齿部设置罩极线圈，每个罩极线圈的设置方向向前，设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。
电枢绕组有六相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在基极前方的6段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置6段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)。参见图2。
电枢绕组按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，多速罩极法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T均是自然数，使2*T*R＝2*X。从基极起，把2*X段轭部绕组顺时针依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编号每支为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。多速罩极法是：单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。当T的取值范围为多个值时，多速罩极法有多种通电方式，形成的各轭部磁通有多种组合，聚集形成多种位置和数量的齿部磁通，经过不同罩极，转动定子磁场有多种极对数有多种速度，每个T的取值对应多速罩极法的一种通电方式、对应转动定子磁场的一种极对数一种速度。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换多速罩极法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场速度。不同速度的转动定子磁场驱动转子启动、运行。
当R＝1时，Q＝3，从基极起，把6段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有6段轭部绕组，每组分为 2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有3段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组和+c轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+d轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组和+f轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。当R＝3时，Q＝1，从基极起，把6段轭部绕组分为3组，每组有2段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有1段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组和+e轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+b轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组和+f轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为3的转动定子磁场。这二种转动定子磁场均可驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电动机是二转速电动机，显然可以放弃多速罩极法的部分通电方式而成为单转速电动机。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见图7，图7中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电动机采用多速罩极法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无开关，+f轭部绕组总是通入-A相交流电，其电路无开关。当四个双联开关分别向左闭合时，它们分别控制的这四段轭部绕组分别通入+A相交流电；当四个双联双开关分别向右闭合时，它们分别控制的这四段轭部绕组分别通入-A相交流电。该电动机功能比传统单相交流罩极电动机丰富。
实施例3：八相轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使八个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，八段轭部连接八个齿部形成定子铁芯。在每个齿部的半个齿部设置罩极线圈，每个罩极线圈的设置方向向前，设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。
电枢绕组有八相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在基极前方的8段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置8段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部 绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)、第7相正轭部绕组(+g)和第8相正轭部绕组(+h)。参见图3。
电枢绕组按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，多速罩极法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T均是自然数，使2*T*R＝2*X。从基极起，把2*X段轭部绕组顺时针依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编号每支为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。多速罩极法是：单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。当T的取值范围为多个值时，多速罩极法有多种通电方式，形成的各轭部磁通有多种组合，聚集形成多种位置和数量的齿部磁通，经过不同罩极，转动定子磁场有多种极对数有多种速度，每个T的取值对应多速罩极法的一种通电方式、对应转动定子磁场的一种极对数一种速度。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换多速罩极法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场速度。不同速度的转动定子磁场驱动转子启动、运行。
当R＝1时，Q＝4，从基极起，把8段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有8段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有4段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组和+d轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。当R＝2时，Q＝2，从基极起，把8段轭部绕组分为2组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组和+f轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的转动定子磁场。当R＝4时，Q＝1，从基极起，把8段轭部绕组分为4组，每组有2段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有1段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第三种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组和+g轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+b轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为4的转动定子磁场。这三种转动定子磁场均可驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电动机是三转速电动机，显然可以放弃多速罩极法的部分通电方式而成为二转速电动机或单转速电动机。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后 端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见图8，图8中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电动机采用多速罩极法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无开关，+h轭部绕组总是通入-A相交流电，其电路无开关。当六个双联开关分别向左闭合时，它们分别控制的这六段轭部绕组分别通入+A相交流电；当六个双联双开关分别向右闭合时，它们分别控制的这六段轭部绕组分别通入-A相交流电。该电动机功能比传统单相交流罩极电动机丰富，也比任何传统的双速电动机丰富。
实施例4：十二相轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十二个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十二段轭部连接十二个齿部形成定子铁芯。在每个齿部的半个齿部设置罩极线圈，每个罩极线圈的设置方向向前，设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。
电枢绕组有十二相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在基极前方的12段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置12段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)、第7相正轭部绕组(+g)、第8相正轭部绕组(+h)、第9相正轭部绕组(+i)、第10相正轭部绕组(+j)、第11相正轭部绕组(+k)和第12相正轭部绕组(+l)。参见图4。
电枢绕组按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，多速罩极法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T均是自然数，使2*T*R＝2*X。从基极起，把2*X段轭部绕组顺时针依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编号每支为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。多速罩极法是：单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。 当T的取值范围为多个值时，多速罩极法有多种通电方式，形成的各轭部磁通有多种组合，聚集形成多种位置和数量的齿部磁通，经过不同罩极，转动定子磁场有多种极对数有多种速度，每个T的取值对应多速罩极法的一种通电方式、对应转动定子磁场的一种极对数一种速度。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换多速罩极法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场速度。不同速度的转动定子磁场驱动转子启动、运行。
当R＝1时，Q＝6，从基极起，把12段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有12段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有6段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组和+f轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。当R＝2时，Q＝3，从基极起，把12段轭部绕组分为组，每组有6段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有3段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组和+i轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+d轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的转动定子磁场。当R＝3时，Q＝2，从基极起，把12段轭部绕组分为3组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第三种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组和+j轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为3的转动定子磁场。当R＝6时，Q＝1，从基极起，把12段轭部绕组分为6组，每组有2段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有1段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第四种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组和+k轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+b轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为6的转动定子磁场。这四种转动定子磁场均可驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电动机是四转速电动机，显然可以放弃多速罩极法的部分通电方式而成为三转速电动机、二转速电动机或单转速电动机。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组 成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见图9，图9中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电动机采用多速罩极法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无开关，+l轭部绕组总是通入-A相交流电，其电路无开关。当十个双联开关分别向左闭合时，它们分别控制的这十段轭部绕组分别通入+A相交流电；当十个双联双开关分别向右闭合时，它们分别控制的这十段轭部绕组分别通入-A相交流电。该电动机功能比传统单相交流罩极电动机丰富，也比任何传统的双速电动机丰富。
实施例5：十六相轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机，由定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十六个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十六段轭部连接十六个齿部形成定子铁芯。在每个齿部的半个齿部设置罩极线圈，每个罩极线圈的设置方向向前，设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极。
电枢绕组有十六相，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成一段轭部绕组，沿轭部设置。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。各轭部绕组设置方式：在基极前方的16段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置16段轭部绕组，是第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)、第7相正轭部绕组(+g)、第8相正轭部绕组(+h)、第9相正轭部绕组(+i)、第10相正轭部绕组(+j)、第11相正轭部绕组(+k)、第12相正轭部绕组(+l)、第13相正轭部绕组(+m)、第14相正轭部绕组(+n)、第15相正轭部绕组(+o)和第16相正轭部绕组(+p)。参见图5。
电枢绕组按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，多速罩极法是通入单相交流电的多种通电方式。设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T均是自然数，使2*T*R＝2*X。从基极起，把2*X段轭部绕组顺时针依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编号每支为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组。多速罩极法是：单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场。 当T的取值范围为多个值时，多速罩极法有多种通电方式，形成的各轭部磁通有多种组合，聚集形成多种位置和数量的齿部磁通，经过不同罩极，转动定子磁场有多种极对数有多种速度，每个T的取值对应多速罩极法的一种通电方式、对应转动定子磁场的一种极对数一种速度。当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换多速罩极法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场速度。不同速度的转动定子磁场驱动转子启动、运行。
当R＝1时，Q＝8，从基极起，把16段轭部绕组分为1组，每组有16段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有8段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第一种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组和+h轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组、+l轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组、+n轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为1的转动定子磁场。当R＝2时，Q＝4，从基极起，把16段轭部绕组分为2组，每组有8段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有4段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第二种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组和+l轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组、+n轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为2的转动定子磁场。当R＝4时，Q＝2，从基极起，把16段轭部绕组分为4组，每组有4段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有2段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第三种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+b轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组和+n轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+c轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组、+l轭部绕组、+o轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为4的转动定子磁场。当R＝8时，Q＝1，从基极起，把16段轭部绕组分为8组，每组有2段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编为单号和双号，每支有1段轭部绕组；多速罩极法第四种通电方式是：当+a轭部绕组、+c轭部绕组、+e轭部绕组、+g轭部绕组、+i轭部绕组、+k轭部绕组、+m轭部绕组和+o轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，+b轭部绕组、+d轭部绕组、+f轭部绕组、+h轭部绕组、+j轭部绕组、+l轭部绕组、+n轭部绕组和+p轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为8的转动定子磁场。这四种转动定子磁场均可驱动转子启动、运行；运行稳定后，转子额定转速接近转动定子磁场速度。
本实施例电动机是四转速电动机，显然可以放弃多速罩极法的部分通电方式而成为三转 速电动机、二转速电动机或单转速电动机。
转子采用笼形感应转子，由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成，笼形线圈由前端环、后端环和笼形导条组成。转子极对数自动等于定子极对数。控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成，控制电路中采用硬开关，电源采用单相交流电源。笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
本实施例的控制电路简图参见图10，图10中控制电路控制各轭部绕组与单相电源连接，控制电路允许各轭部绕组在+A相交流电、-A相交流电这二种电流之中选择通入一种。以+b轭部绕组的控制电路为例，上方并排的用虚线示意相互具有联动关系的两个开关是双联开关，双联开关向左闭合表示通入+A相交流电，双联开关向右闭合表示通入-A相交流电。由于该电动机采用多速罩极法时，+a轭部绕组总是通入+A相交流电，其电路无开关，+p轭部绕组总是通入-A相交流电，其电路无开关。当十四个双联开关分别向左闭合时，它们分别控制的这十四段轭部绕组分别通入+A相交流电；当十四个双联双开关分别向右闭合时，它们分别控制的这十四段轭部绕组分别通入-A相交流电。该电动机功能比传统单相交流罩极电动机丰富，也比任何传统的双速电动机丰富。
在以上各实施例中，未显示定子的极弧、齿宽、齿高(极高)、轭厚度、线径、匝数、转子的详细性质和控制机构的详细性质等指标，对这些指标的优化选取均采用成熟技术。
以上描述了本发明基本原理、主要特征和优点，业内技术人员应该了解，本发明不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明的变化与改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求及同等物界定。

Claims (2)

  1. 轭绕组多速罩极电动机，包括轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机和轭绕组多速罩极磁滞电动机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成，特征在于：电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，轭部绕组形成轭部磁通，轭部磁通聚集形成齿部磁通，变化的齿部磁通经过不同罩极形成多种极对数多种转速的转动定子磁场；
    定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，定子铁芯采用成熟技术，包括齿部和轭部，在每个齿部的半个齿部设置罩极线圈，每个罩极线圈的设置方向相同，设置了罩极线圈的齿部是罩极；
    电枢绕组包括2*X相电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制，形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置，各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定，各轭部绕组设置方式为：在基极前方2*X段轭部上依相序编号顺序设置2*X段轭部绕组，均为正轭部绕组；
    电枢绕组按多速罩极法通入单相交流电，设R为定子极对数，设T为每支包含的轭部绕组段数，R和T均是自然数，使2*T*R＝2*X。从基极起，把2*X段轭部绕组顺时针依次分为R组，每组有2*T段轭部绕组，每组分为2支，顺时针依次编号每支为单号和双号，每支有T段轭部绕组；多速罩极法是：单号支轭部绕组通入+A相交流电，双号支轭部绕组通入-A相交流电，每两支轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通聚集形成一对极对数的齿部磁通，随着单相交流电电相位变化，形成极对数为R的转动定子磁场；当T的取值范围为多个值时，多速罩极法有多种通电方式，形成的各轭部磁通有多种组合，聚集形成多种位置和数量的齿部磁通，经过不同罩极，转动定子磁场有多种极对数有多种速度，每个T的取值对应多速罩极法的一种通电方式、对应转动定子磁场的一种极对数一种速度；当X确定时，定子铁芯轭部数和轭部绕组数确定，在单相交流电频率不变条件下，切换T的取值，切换多速罩极法的通电方式，就切换了定子极对数，就切换了转动定子磁场速度；不同速度的转动定子磁场驱动转子启动、运行；
    控制机构由控制电路和单相电源组成；支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术；
    转子包括笼形感应转子和磁滞转子，均为成熟技术，采用其中之一作为转子；笼形感应转子由转子铁芯、笼形线圈和转子轴组成；磁滞转子由磁滞体和转子轴组成；转子采用笼形感应转子，定子、笼形感应转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构组成轭绕组多速罩极感应电动机。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的轭绕组多速罩极电动机，转子改为采用磁滞转子，定子、磁滞转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构组成轭绕组多速罩极磁滞电动机。
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CN2553561Y (zh) * 2002-07-17 2003-05-28 广东美的集团股份有限公司 一种用于变极调速电动机的定子绕组
CN201549942U (zh) * 2009-09-29 2010-08-11 泉州泉风电机有限公司 一种罩极式电机

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GB760975A (en) * 1954-04-01 1956-11-07 Emi Ltd Improvements in or relating to alternating current electric motors
CN2074514U (zh) * 1990-09-22 1991-04-03 陕西省建筑科学研究总院 绕线式三相异步双速电机
CN2159629Y (zh) * 1993-07-10 1994-03-23 霍佃玖 共轭直流电动机
CN2553561Y (zh) * 2002-07-17 2003-05-28 广东美的集团股份有限公司 一种用于变极调速电动机的定子绕组
CN201549942U (zh) * 2009-09-29 2010-08-11 泉州泉风电机有限公司 一种罩极式电机

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