WO2023164871A1 - 齿绕组少极多速直流定子 - Google Patents

齿绕组少极多速直流定子 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164871A1
WO2023164871A1 PCT/CN2022/079018 CN2022079018W WO2023164871A1 WO 2023164871 A1 WO2023164871 A1 WO 2023164871A1 CN 2022079018 W CN2022079018 W CN 2022079018W WO 2023164871 A1 WO2023164871 A1 WO 2023164871A1
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Prior art keywords
pole
tooth
phase
stator
winding
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PCT/CN2022/079018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗灿
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罗灿
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Application filed by 罗灿 filed Critical 罗灿
Priority to PCT/CN2022/079018 priority Critical patent/WO2023164871A1/zh
Publication of WO2023164871A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164871A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/12—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings, e.g. for self-excitation, compounding or pole-changing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stator of a DC brushless motor. Specifically, the armature windings of each phase adopt tooth windings, and multi-phase direct current is fed into the multi-phase DC according to the tooth-less-pole-multiple-speed method. rotor. This is the tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC stator.
  • the motor is composed of stator, rotor, pole, supporting part, casing and control mechanism and other components.
  • the motor is generally a cylindrical rotor located inside the center of the motor, and a circular stator located outside to surround the rotor. This is an inner rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can realize that the cylindrical stator is located inside the center of the motor, and the ring-shaped rotor is located outside to surround the stator, which is an outer rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can also realize the axial flux motor in which the disc stator is located on one side of the motor, the disc rotor is located on the other side of the motor, and the stator and rotor are axially opposite.
  • Topological technology can also realize a linear motor in which the linear stator and the linear rotor move in parallel.
  • the topology technology described is a mature technology. Motors are all striving to improve efficiency and increase functionality.
  • the motor can be improved by improving the stator, the key component of the motor.
  • the stator in a traditional brushless DC motor, or the stator in a traditional switched reluctance motor, has only one rotation speed for the rotating stator magnetic field, and the functions are not rich.
  • the present invention proposes: 1.
  • the armature winding adopts the tooth winding; 2.
  • the multi-phase direct current is fed into the multi-phase direct current by adopting the multi-speed method with few teeth, and adjusting the step distance of each step can form a variety of rotating speeds on the brushless DC motor stator.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field enables the motor to have a variety of rated speeds, increasing the motor function.
  • the multi-phase direct current is a direct current in which the current potential of each phase is stable in each step time, including positive current and negative current, usually a rectangular current, forming a trapezoidal air-gap magnetic flux.
  • the direct current managed by the electronic controller and the direct current generated by the inverter are all mature technologies.
  • the control of multi-phase DC adopts mature technologies, such as step control, current control, torque control, optimal efficiency control, leading phase angle control, position sensorless control, etc.
  • the tooth winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator proposed by the present invention is specifically a DC brushless stator with multi-phase armature windings using tooth windings, multi-phase direct current input according to the tooth-less-pole multi-speed method, and the magnetic field of the rotating stator has multiple speeds .
  • Improve the motor by improving the stator and increase the function of the motor.
  • the motor industry needs a multi-speed DC stator with fewer teeth windings.
  • the tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC stator of the present invention is composed of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the motor can be composed of components such as rotors, electrodes, supporting components, casings and control mechanisms. Said constituent motor is a mature technology. It is characterized in that: the armature windings of each phase adopt tooth windings, and multi-phase direct current is fed in according to the tooth-less-pole-multiple-speed method to form variable magnetic poles with multiple step distances and a rotating stator magnetic field with multiple speeds.
  • the stator core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux materials.
  • it is made of silicon steel, laminated silicon steel, and the like.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that each tooth is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and faces the rotor inwardly, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the yoke is connected to each tooth to form the stator core.
  • the number of stator phases is assumed to be P, and P is a natural number not less than 3.
  • the stator core has 2*Q*P teeth and 2*Q*P yokes.
  • Q is the number of pole pairs of the stator, and Q is a natural number.
  • the teeth of the stator core are also called stator poles, and the number of stator poles is equal to the number of teeth of the stator core.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, which is the forward direction, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear, which is the backward direction.
  • the armature winding is a wire structure that passes through the P-phase direct current to form a variety of step distances to change magnetic poles, and forms a variety of rotational speeds to rotate the stator magnetic field, including the P-phase armature winding.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the teeth of the stator core to form a tooth winding.
  • the positive and negative of each tooth winding is determined according to the tooth orientation method: the tooth winding forming the N pole when a positive current flows is a positive tooth winding, and the tooth winding forming an S pole when a positive current flows is a negative tooth winding.
  • the tooth winding setting rule is: P-phase armature winding, each phase armature winding includes 2*Q tooth windings; select a tooth on the stator core as the first base S pole, and the Pth tooth in front The first base N pole, the 2*P tooth in front is the second base S pole, the 3*P tooth in front is the second base N pole, and so on until the Qth base S pole and the Qth base S pole N pole; from each base S pole to each front tooth, set P phase and P positive tooth windings in sequence according to the phase sequence number, and set P phase and total P phase windings from each base N pole to each front tooth according to the phase sequence number With P negative tooth windings, 2*Q*P tooth windings are provided.
  • the wires and the number of turns of each tooth winding are the same.
  • the connection mode between each tooth winding in each phase adopts mature technology.
  • the direct current changes step by step, the changing magnetic poles form a changing rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the N pole is the North Pole
  • the S pole is the South Pole
  • * is a multiplication sign
  • / is a division sign
  • + is a plus sign
  • - is a minus sign
  • a minus sign a minus sign.
  • the phase sequence number of each armature winding is a mature technology, usually expressed in lowercase alphabetical order.
  • the armature winding is connected to the P-phase direct current according to the method of fewer teeth and more speeds.
  • Each power-on cycle includes 2*P steps, and a total of 2*P equal step times.
  • the current fed into each step is related to the relative position of the stator and the rotor.
  • the selection of the start and end timing of each step, the selection of the DC on and off time, and the selection of the electrical phase angle adopt mature technology.
  • the mature technology includes setting sensors in the motor to obtain position signals for each step, and the signals are provided to the electronic controller to control the current supplied to each phase by the multi-phase inverter.
  • the current is passed in each step, and after the rotor rotates a step distance, the current is passed in the next step.
  • the multi-speed method with few teeth and poles includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, and so on until (P-1) number forward method and (P-1) number reverse method, the total is 2*(P-1) methods of feeding direct current to form magnetic field of rotating stator with multiple rotation speeds.
  • Step 1 use the S pole of each base as the S pole in this step, and use the N pole in each base as the N pole in this step, and supply direct current to the phase where the S pole and N pole are located, and the current rule is current
  • Step 1 use the S pole of each base as the S pole in this step, and use the N pole in each base as the N pole in this step, and supply direct current to the phase where the S pole and N pole are located, and the current rule is current
  • each subsequent step (until the 2*P step)
  • the previous step is the first in front of each S pole
  • the first tooth is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth in front of each N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole of this step, and the phase where the S pole and N pole are located is connected to a direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the reverse method of No. 1 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), the first tooth behind each S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the previous step The first tooth behind each N pole is used as the N pole in this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged; the (2*P+1) step is the same as the first step, Start the next energization cycle; the step distance of each step is one pole center distance back.
  • the No. 2 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), the second tooth in front of each S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the previous step The second tooth in front of each N pole is used as the N pole of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the (2*P+1) step is the same as the first step, Start the next energization cycle;
  • the step distance of each step is two pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), the second tooth behind each S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the previous step
  • the second tooth behind each N pole is used as the N pole in this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the (2*P+1) step is the same as the first step, Start the next energization cycle
  • the step distance of each step is two pole center distances back.
  • the following m-number forward method and m-number inverse method can be deduced by analogy, and the step distance of each step is m pole center distance; until (P-1) number forward method and (P-1) number inverse method can be deduced in the same way,
  • the stepping distance of each step is (P-1) pole center distances.
  • the current causes a certain tooth winding to form an S pole.
  • a negative current is passed through
  • the tooth winding is a negative tooth winding
  • a positive current is passed through.
  • the current causes a certain tooth winding to form an N pole.
  • each step of the tooth-less-pole-multiple-speed method is to make each tooth winding form a changing magnetic pole with a correct step distance through the specific input current.
  • each step of the number m forward method makes the rotating stator magnetic field rotate clockwise at the number m speed for m pole center distances
  • each step of the m number inverse method makes the rotating stator magnetic field rotate counterclockwise at the number m speed for m pole center distances
  • m is a natural number
  • m is at most equal to (P-1).
  • the pole center distance is the radian between the top centers of two adjacent stator teeth.
  • the rotation of the stator magnetic field at each step rotates m pole-center distances, that is, the step distance of each step of the stator magnetic field is m pole-center distances.
  • the stator of the present invention selects one of the forward method and the inverse method of each number to form a rotating stator magnetic field with one of the Q pole pairs and one of various speeds, and can drive the rotor. Turns at rated speed at one of various speeds.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has (P-1) kinds of speed (absolute value), and the motor composed of permanent magnet rotor has (P-1) rated speed (absolute value); the motor composed of salient pole reluctance rotor has (P/ 2) Types of rated speeds, where the value of (P/2) is an integer.
  • P-1 kinds of speed
  • P-1 rated speed absolute value
  • P/ 2 Types of rated speeds, where the value of (P/2) is an integer.
  • each embodiment of the present invention tells about is the motor of a pair of pole-logarithmic stators that tooth winding few poles multi-speed DC stator forms, and the present invention also includes the motor of many pairs of pole-logarithmic stators; Deduce from a pair of pole-logarithmic stator motors Multi-pole logarithmic stator motor is a mature technology in the industry.
  • Each embodiment of the present invention tells about a motor with a stator matched with a rotor, and the present invention also includes a motor with double stators matched with a rotor, and a motor with double rotors matched with a stator; it is deduced that double stator motors and double rotor motors are industry Mature technology.
  • the rotor includes a permanent magnet rotor and a salient pole reluctance rotor, one of which is used as the rotor.
  • the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet rotor is an odd number, and the number of teeth of the salient pole reluctance rotor is equal to the number of teeth of the stator plus or minus two.
  • the permanent magnet rotor matched with a three-phase stator with one pole logarithm is one pair, five pairs or seven pairs of pole logarithms;
  • the permanent magnet rotor matched with a four-phase stator with one pole logarithm is one pair, three pairs, Five or seven pole pairs, the matching salient pole reluctance rotor is six teeth or ten teeth;
  • one pole pair of five-phase stator matching permanent magnet rotor is one, three or seven pole pairs number, the matching salient pole reluctance rotor is eight teeth or twelve teeth;
  • the permanent magnet rotor matched with a six-phase stator with one pair of pole pairs is one pair, five pairs or seven pairs of pole pairs, and the matching salient pole
  • the reluctance rotor is a ten-tooth or fourteen-tooth part; a pair of P-phase stators with a pair of pole pairs matches a permanent magnet rotor and a salient pole reluctance rotor,
  • Tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator together with permanent magnet rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism, etc. constitutes a tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • Tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator, together with salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism, etc. constitutes a tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor.
  • Figures 1 to 5 are cross-sectional views of a pair of pole pairs of three-phase tooth windings with few poles and multiple speeds DC stators, matched with a ten-pole permanent magnet rotor.
  • Figure 1 is the first step of the three-phase forward method and each number reverse method.
  • Figure 2 is the second step of the three-phase No. 1 forward method, and the sixth step of the No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 3 is the second step of the three-phase No. 1 reverse method and the sixth step of the No. 1 forward method. 2nd or 5th step of No. 2 inverse method, 3rd or 6th step of No. 2 reverse method, 3rd step of No. 1 forward method, and 5th step of No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 5 is the second or second step of three-phase No.
  • Figures 6 to 9 are cross-sectional views of the four-phase tooth winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator, matched with a six-pole permanent magnet rotor.
  • Figure 6 is the first step of the four-phase number 1 forward method and each number's reverse method.
  • Figure 7 is the second step of the four-phase No. 1 forward method and the 8th step of the No. 1 reverse method. Step or step 6, step 4 or step 8 of No. 2 reverse method, step 3 of No. 1 forward method, and step 7 of No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 9 is the second step of four-phase No.
  • Figures 10 to 14 are cross-sectional views of five-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stators, matching the eight-tooth salient pole reluctance rotor;
  • Figure 10 is the first step of the five-phase forward method and each number reverse method, and
  • Figure 11 is the first step
  • Figure 12 is the second step of Wuxiang No. 2
  • Figure 13 is the second step of Wuxiang No. 3
  • Figure 14 is the second step of Wuxiang No. 4.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of a six-phase tooth winding with few poles and multiple speeds DC stator, matching a ten-pole permanent magnet rotor;
  • Figure 15 is the first step of the six-phase forward method and each number reverse method;
  • Figure 16 is the six-phase No. 1 forward method Step 2
  • Figure 17 is the second step of the six-phase number 2
  • Figure 18 is the second step of the six-phase number 3
  • Figure 19 is the second step of the six-phase number 4
  • Figure 20 is the six-phase number 5 Step 2 of the law.
  • the stator of the traditional brushless DC motor and the stator of the traditional switched reluctance motor have only one step distance, and the composed motor has only one rated speed.
  • the DC stator with few poles and multiple speeds of tooth winding adopts the method of few poles and multiple speeds, and the method of electrification is improved.
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator has various step distances. Under the condition of equal electrification cycle, the motor composed of multiple rated speeds increases the motor function. There wasn't an identical motor before this one.
  • stator core high magnetic flux material, yoke, teeth, poles, poles, rotating stator magnetic field and number of pole pairs are all mature technologies.
  • Fig. 1 is one of the cross-sections of a pair of three-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the first step of each number forward method and each number inverse method, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • 4 is
  • the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 2 is the second section of a pair of three-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 1 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 3 is the third section of a pair of three-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of the No. 1 inverse method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 4 is the fourth section of a pair of three-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 5 is the fifth section of a pair of three-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 inverse method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Fig. 6 is one of the cross-sections of a four-phase tooth winding with few poles and multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the first step of the forward method and the reverse method of each number, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 2.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding, including (+a, +b, +c, +d, -a, -b, -c and -d)
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor, there are five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Fig. 7 is a pair of four-phase tooth windings with a pair of pole pairs and a few-pole multi-speed DC stator and the second section of the matching rotor, which is the second step of the No. 1 method.
  • 1 is the yoke part of the stator core
  • 2 is the tooth part of the stator core
  • 3 is the winding of the tooth part, including (+a, +b, +c, +d, -a, -b, -c and -d)
  • a total of eight 4 is a permanent magnet rotor, there are five pairs of pole pairs, 5 is a permanent magnet, and 6 is an insulator.
  • Figure 8 is the third section of a pair of four-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding, including (+a, +b, +c, +d, -a, -b, -c and -d)
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Fig. 9 is a pair of four-phase tooth windings with a pair of pairs of poles and a few-pole multi-speed DC stator and the fourth section of the matching rotor, which is the second step of the No. 3 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding, including (+a, +b, +c, +d, -a, -b, -c and -d)
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor, there are five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Fig. 10 is one of the sections of a pair of pole pairs of five-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stators and matching rotors.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e, -a,-b,-c, -d and -e) are ten in total
  • 4 is a salient pole reluctance rotor with eight teeth.
  • Figure 11 is the second section of a pair of five-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 1 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e, -a,-b,-c, -d and -e) are ten in total
  • 4 is a salient pole reluctance rotor with eight teeth.
  • Fig. 12 is the third section of a pair of five-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e, -a,-b,-c, -d and -e) are ten in total
  • 4 is a salient pole reluctance rotor with eight teeth.
  • Figure 13 is a pair of pole pairs of five-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and the fourth section of the matched rotor, which is the second step of No. 3 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e, -a,-b,-c, -d and -e) are ten in total
  • 4 is a salient pole reluctance rotor with eight teeth.
  • Figure 14 is the fifth section of a pair of five-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 4 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e, -a,-b,-c, -d and -e) are ten in total
  • 4 is a salient pole reluctance rotor with eight teeth.
  • Fig. 15 is one of the cross-sections of a six-phase tooth winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and a matched rotor section, which is the first step of the forward method of each number and the reverse method of each number, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 4.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b, -c, -d, -e and -f) are twelve in total
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Fig. 16 is the second section of a pair of six-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 1 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b, -c, -d, -e and -f) are twelve in total
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Figure 17 is the third section of a pair of six-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stators with pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 Shun method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b, -c, -d, -e and -f) are twelve in total
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Fig. 18 is a pair of pole-pair number six-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator and the fourth section of the matching rotor, which is the second step of No. 3 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b, -c, -d, -e and -f) are twelve in total
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Figure 19 is the fifth section of a pair of six-phase tooth windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 4 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b, -c, -d, -e and -f) are twelve in total
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Fig. 20 is a six-phase tooth winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the sixth section of the matched rotor, which is the second step of No. 5 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the tooth winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b, -c, -d, -e and -f) are twelve in total
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • each tooth winding is marked on the tooth part.
  • the phase number is a mature technology for winding marking.
  • Each tooth winding is represented by a small number of turns of wires, and the actual number of turns of the wires is set according to actual needs. Electrodes, supporting components, casings and control mechanisms are not shown.
  • the magnetic poles formed in the first step of the tooth-less-pole-multiple-speed method are shown as S and N of the stator teeth in the figure.
  • the N pole direction of each rotor permanent magnet is shown by the arrow drawn in the magnet, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14,
  • the rotor positions in Figures 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are negligible. Each component only shows the mutual relationship, and does not reflect the actual size.
  • Embodiment 1 A three-phase tooth winding with a pair of pole pairs and a few poles multi-speed DC stator, which is composed of a stator core and an armature winding, see Figure 1, together with the rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism and other components Composed of three-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC motor.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the six teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction toward the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the six-section yoke connects the six teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding includes a 3-phase armature winding.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the teeth of the stator core to form a tooth winding.
  • the positive and negative of each tooth winding is determined according to the tooth orientation method.
  • the tooth winding setting rule is: 3-phase armature winding, each phase armature winding includes 2 tooth windings; select a tooth on the stator core as the base S pole, and the third tooth in front is the base N pole.
  • the armature winding is connected to 3-phase direct current according to the method of few teeth and multiple speeds.
  • Each energization cycle includes 6 steps, a total of 6 equal step times.
  • the multi-speed method with few teeth and poles includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method and No. 2 reverse method.
  • Step 1 take the base S as the S pole in this step, take the base N pole as the N pole in this step, and connect the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located with direct current, the current rule is that the current makes the S pole
  • the tooth windings are energized to form S poles, and the current energizes the tooth windings of N poles to form N poles; each subsequent step (until step 6), the first tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the N pole in the previous step
  • the first tooth in front of the pole is used as the N pole in this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the seventh step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle begins;
  • the stepping distance is one polar center distance forward.
  • the first step, second step and third step refer to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 4.
  • No. 1 reverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the sixth step), The first tooth behind the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the first tooth behind the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step. Direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged. ;
  • the 7th step is the same as the 1st step, starting the next energization cycle; the stepping distance of each step is one pole center distance back.
  • the first step, second step and third step refer to Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 5.
  • the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 Shun method; each subsequent step (until the sixth step), The second tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the second tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step.
  • Direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged.
  • the 7th step is the same as the 1st step, and starts the next energization cycle; the stepping distance of each step is two pole-center distances.
  • the first and second steps are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of the forward method of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the sixth step), the second step behind the S pole of the previous step
  • the first tooth is used as the S pole of this step
  • the second tooth behind the N pole of the previous step is used as the N pole of this step
  • the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located is connected to a direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • Step 7 and Step 1 The step is the same, and the next energization cycle starts; the step distance of each step is two pole-center distances backward. See Figure 1 and Figure 5 for the first and second steps.
  • the current rule remains the same, but the specific current passed into each tooth winding in each step is different.
  • the core content of each step of the tooth-less-pole-multiple-speed method is to make each tooth winding form a magnetic pole with a correct step distance through a specific current.
  • the first step of No. 1 Shunfa is to pass positive current into phase a; the second step is to pass positive current to phase b; the third step is to pass positive current to phase c; the fourth step is to pass negative current to phase a; the fifth step is to pass through phase b Negative current input; step 6 is to pass negative current into phase c; step 7 is the same as step 1, starting the next power cycle.
  • the first step of the No. 2 Shun method is the same as the first step of the No.
  • step 1 Shun method; the second step is to pass the negative current into the b phase; the third step is to pass the positive current into the c phase; the fourth step is to pass the positive current into the a phase; Step 5 is to pass negative current into phase b; step 6 is to pass positive current to phase c; step 7 is the same as step 1 to start the next power cycle.
  • the No. 1 reverse method and the No. 2 reverse method can be deduced by analogy.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and three-phase inverters.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a three-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor, and the permanent magnet rotor adopts a five-pair pole-logarithmic permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator has six teeth, and the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs (ten poles).
  • the stator magnetic field rotates 60 degrees forward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 12 degrees counterclockwise; when No.
  • the stator magnetic field rotates forward 120
  • the permanent magnet rotor rotates 24 degrees counterclockwise; when the No. 1 inverse method is selected, the stator magnetic field rotates 60 degrees backward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 12 degrees clockwise; when the No. 2 inverse method is selected, the stator magnetic field rotates backward at each step Turning backward 120 degrees, the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor turns 24 degrees clockwise.
  • the motor has two rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only one of the speeds is selected to become a single-speed rated speed motor.
  • stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a three-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use a pair of pole-logarithmic rotors. rated speed motor. Choose No. 1 forward method and No. 1 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 60 degrees at each step; choose No. 2 forward method and No. 2 inverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 120 degrees at each step.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a three-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a single-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the six-pole stator and the four-pole, eight-pole, and ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is a mature technology.
  • the rotor rotates 30 degrees at each step.
  • an eight-pole salient pole reluctance rotor When an eight-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is used, the rotor rotates 15 degrees at each step.
  • a ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor When a ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is used, the rotor rotates 12 degrees at each step.
  • the setting rule of the tooth winding is changed: the three-stage tooth winding arranged in sequence from the base S pole to the front is changed to the positive tooth winding (+a) of the first phase, and the negative winding of the second phase.
  • the tooth winding (-b) and the 3rd phase positive tooth winding (+c) the 3-stage tooth winding arranged in sequence from the base N pole to the front is changed to the 1st phase negative tooth winding (-a), the 2nd phase Phase positive tooth winding (+b) and the third phase negative tooth winding (-c); each tooth winding of phase b is changed to the opposite direction.
  • the b-phase input current is changed to the opposite current. This embodiment remains unchanged.
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator has the number of Q pairs of poles, and the step distance of each step of the method of each tooth with few poles and multiple speeds is 1 of the above-mentioned step distances of embodiment 1. /Q times.
  • This can be used as a reference and supplement to Example 1.
  • Embodiment 2 A pair of pole-pair number four-phase tooth winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator, composed of stator core and armature winding, see Figure 6, together with rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism and other components Composition of four-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC motor.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the eight teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the eight-segment yoke connects the eight teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding includes a 4-phase armature winding.
  • the armature windings of each phase are wound with wires around the teeth of the stator core to form the tooth windings.
  • the positive and negative of each tooth winding is determined according to the tooth orientation method.
  • the tooth winding setting rule is: 4-phase armature winding, each phase armature winding includes 2 tooth windings; select a tooth on the stator core as the base S pole, and the fourth tooth in front is the base N pole.
  • Pole from the base S pole to the front, set 4 phases and a total of 4 positive tooth windings on the 4 teeth in sequence according to the phase sequence number, from the base N pole to the front, set 4 phases in sequence on the 4 teeth according to the phase sequence number, a total of 4 A negative tooth winding, so that 8 tooth windings are set.
  • the armature winding is connected to 4-phase direct current according to the method of few teeth and multiple speeds. Each power-on cycle includes 8 steps, a total of 8 equal step times.
  • the multi-speed method with few teeth and poles includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method and No. 3 reverse method. There are a total of 6 kinds of 4-phase DC input to form a rotating stator magnetic field. law.
  • the No. 1 method is: Step 1, the base S pole is the S pole, the base N pole is the N pole, and the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located is connected to a direct current.
  • the current rule is that the current makes each S pole
  • the tooth windings of the poles are energized to form S poles, and the current makes the tooth windings of each N pole energized to form N poles; in each subsequent step (until step 8), the first tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step , the first tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged; the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next power-on cycle starts ; The stepping distance of each step is one pole center distance.
  • the reverse method of No. 1 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth behind the N pole of the previous step One tooth serves as the N pole of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step of the step distance To retreat one polar center distance.
  • the No. 2 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 8th step), the second tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N pole of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance In order to advance two polar heart distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the second tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N pole of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance It is two polar center distances backward.
  • the No. 3 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 8th step), the third tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the third tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the three teeth serve as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step of the step distance For advancing three polar distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 3 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the eighth step), the third tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the third tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the three teeth serve as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step of the step distance is three polar center distances backward.
  • step 1 shun method
  • the second step is to pass the positive current into the c phase, see Figure 8
  • the third step is to pass the negative current into the a phase
  • the fourth step is to pass the c phase into the negative current.
  • the first step of No. 3 shun method is the same as the first step of No.
  • step 9 is to feed positive current into phase d, see Figure 9; the third step is to feed negative current into phase c; the fourth step is to feed positive current into phase b Current; step 5 is to pass negative current into phase a; step 6 is to pass negative current to phase d; step 7 is to pass positive current to phase c; step 8 is to pass negative current to phase b; step 9 is the same as step 1 , to start the next power cycle.
  • No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 reverse method and No. 3 reverse method can be deduced in this way.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and four-phase inverters.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the poles, the supporting parts, the casing and the control mechanism and other components form a four-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the stator has four phases, and the permanent magnet rotor There are three pairs of pole pairs (six poles).
  • each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 45 degrees, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 45 degrees clockwise;
  • No. 2 Shun method each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 90 degrees, six The pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 30 degrees counterclockwise; when No.
  • each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate 135 degrees forward, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 15 degrees clockwise; when No. 1 reverse method is selected, each step, Rotate the stator magnetic field to rotate backward by 45 degrees, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise by 45 degrees; when selecting No. 2 inverse method, each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate backward by 90 degrees, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates clockwise by 30 degrees; When the No. 3 inverse method is selected, at each step, the magnetic field of the rotating stator rotates 135 degrees backward, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 15 degrees counterclockwise. Under the condition that the time of each step is equal, the motor has three rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only some of the speeds can be selected to become two-speed rated speed motors or single-speed rated speed motors.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a four-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use ten poles, that is, five pairs of pole pairs. This motor is also a three-speed rated speed motor.
  • No. 1 Shun method the stator magnetic field rotates 45 degrees forward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 27 degrees counterclockwise; when No. 2 Shun method is selected, the stator magnetic field The magnetic rotor rotates 18 degrees clockwise; when the No.
  • stator magnetic field rotates 135 degrees forward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 9 degrees counterclockwise; when No. 1 is reversed, each step, the stator magnetic field After turning 45 degrees, the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 27 degrees clockwise; when the No. 2 inverse method is selected, the stator magnetic field rotates 90 degrees backward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise 18 degrees; select No. 3 inverse method At each step, the stator magnetic field rotates 135 degrees backward, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 9 degrees clockwise.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a four-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use a pair of pole-logarithmic rotors. rated speed motor. Choose No. 1 forward method and No. 1 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 45 degrees at each step; choose No. 2 forward method and No. 2 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 90 degrees at each step; choose No. Inverse method, every step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 135 degrees.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a four-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a two-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the eight-pole stator and the six-pole and ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is a mature technology.
  • the motor starts using No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 3 forward method or No. 3 reverse method, and each step of No. 1 forward method or No. 3 reverse method, the six-pole column rotor Rotate 15 degrees counterclockwise, each step of No.
  • the hexapole rotor rotates 15 degrees clockwise. After the motor is started, it can be switched to adopt the No. 2 forward method or No. 2 reverse method to form the second rated speed.
  • the rotor relies on inertia to continue to maintain the original rotation direction and double the speed.
  • Each step of the No. 2 forward method or No. 2 reverse method is a six-pole rotor. Turn 30 degrees.
  • the motor starts using the No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 3 forward method or No. 3 reverse method, and each step of the No. 1 forward method or No. Rotate 9 degrees clockwise, every step of No.
  • the ten-pole rotor rotates 9 degrees counterclockwise. After the motor is started, it can be switched to adopt the No. 2 forward method or No. 2 reverse method to form the second rated speed.
  • the rotor relies on inertia to continue to maintain the original rotation direction and the speed doubles.
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator has the number of Q pairs of poles, and the step distance of each step of the method of each tooth with few poles and multiple speeds is 1 of the above-mentioned step distances of embodiment 2. /Q times. This can be used as a reference and supplement to Example 2.
  • Embodiment 3 A pair of pole-pair number five-phase tooth winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator, composed of stator core and armature winding, see Figure 10, together with rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism and other components Composed of five-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC motor.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the ten teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the ten segments of the yoke are connected to the ten teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding includes a 5-phase armature winding.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the teeth of the stator core to form a tooth winding.
  • the positive and negative of each tooth winding is determined according to the tooth orientation method.
  • the tooth winding setting rule is: 5-phase armature winding, each phase armature winding includes 2 tooth windings; select a tooth on the stator core as the base S pole, and the fifth tooth in front is the base N pole.
  • Pole from the base S pole to the front, set 5 phases and a total of 5 positive tooth windings on the 5 teeth according to the phase sequence number, and set 5 phases on the 5 teeth from the base N pole to the front according to the phase sequence number, a total of 5 A negative tooth winding, so that 10 tooth windings are set.
  • the 10 tooth windings in this embodiment are sequentially: the first phase spur winding (+a), the second phase spur winding (+b), the third phase Spur gear winding (+c), 4th phase spur gear winding (+d), 5th phase spur gear winding (+e), 1st phase negative gear winding (-a), 2nd phase negative gear Part winding (-b), 3rd phase negative tooth winding (-c), 4th phase negative tooth winding (-d) and 5th phase negative tooth winding (-e).
  • Tooth few pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method, No. 3 reverse method, No. 4 forward method and No. 4 reverse method, a total of 8 A method of feeding 5-phase direct current to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • No. 1 reverse method No. 1 reverse method
  • No. 2 forward method No. 2 reverse method
  • No. 3 forward method No. 3 reverse method
  • No. 4 forward method No. 4 reverse method
  • a total of 8 A method of feeding 5-phase direct current to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • Step 1 take the base S as the S pole in this step, take the base N pole as the N pole in this step, and connect the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located with direct current, the current rule is that the current makes the S pole
  • the tooth windings are energized to form S poles, and the current makes the tooth windings of N poles energized to form N poles; each subsequent step (until the 10th step), the first tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the N pole in the previous step
  • the first tooth in front of the pole is used as the N pole in this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located.
  • the stepping distance is one polar center distance forward.
  • the reverse method of No. 1 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the tenth step), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth behind the N pole of the previous step One tooth serves as the N pole of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged; the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts; each step of the step distance To retreat one polar center distance.
  • the No. 2 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 10th step), the second tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance In order to advance two polar heart distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 10th step), the second tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance It is two polar center distances backward.
  • the No. 3 Shunfa is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 10th step), the third tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the third tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step
  • the three teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance For advancing three polar distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 3 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the third tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step
  • the third tooth behind the N pole of the previous step is The three teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins
  • each step is a step distance is three polar center distances backward.
  • the No. 4 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the tenth step), the fourth tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the fourth tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the four teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance In order to advance four polar center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 4 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the fourth tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the fourth tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the four teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance It is four polar center distances backward.
  • the first step of No. 1 forward method is to pass positive current into phase a, see Figure 10; the second step is to pass positive current into phase b, see Figure 11.
  • the first step of the No. 2 forward method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the c phase, see Figure 12.
  • the first step of the No. 2 reverse method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is Phase d is connected to a negative current.
  • the first step of the No. 3 forward method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the d phase, see Figure 13.
  • the first step of the No. 3 reverse method is the same as the first step of the No.
  • the first step of the No. 4 forward method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the e phase, see Figure 14.
  • the first step of the No. 4 reverse method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is Phase b is fed with a negative current. Steps 3 to 10 can be deduced in the same way for each number of straight method and each number of reverse method.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and five-phase inverters.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the electrodes, the supporting parts, the casing, the control mechanism and other components form a five-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the stator has five phases, and the permanent magnet rotor has six poles (three pairs of pole pairs).
  • each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 36 degrees, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 36 degrees clockwise;
  • each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 72 degrees, six The pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 48 degrees counterclockwise; when No.
  • each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 108 degrees, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise 12 degrees; Rotate the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 144 degrees, the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 24 degrees clockwise; when selecting the No. 1 inverse method, each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate backward 36 degrees, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 36 degrees counterclockwise; When the No. 2 inverse method is selected, the magnetic field of the stator rotates 72 degrees backward at each step, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 48 degrees clockwise; The pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 12 degrees clockwise; when the No.
  • the motor has four rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only some of the speeds can be selected to become three-speed rated speed motors, two-speed rated speed motors or single-speed rated speed motors.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a five-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use fourteen poles, that is, seven pairs of pole pairs. , is a four-speed rated speed motor.
  • the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 15.4 degrees counterclockwise; when you choose No. 2 Shunfa, every step, turn the stator magnetic field to turn forward 72 degrees, The fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 20.6 degrees clockwise; when No.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a five-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor. rated speed motor.
  • Choose No. 1 forward method and No. 1 reverse method and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 36 degrees at each step; choose No. 2 forward method and No. 2 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 72 degrees at each step; choose No. 3 forward method and No. 3 Inverse method, each step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 108 degrees; choose No. 4 forward method and No. 4 inverse method, each step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 144 degrees.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a five-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a two-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the ten-pole stator with the eight-pole and twelve-pole salient pole reluctance rotors is a mature technology.
  • an octopole salient pole reluctance rotor refer to Figure 10, use the No. 1 forward method or No. 4 reverse method for each step, the octopole rotor rotates 9 degrees counterclockwise, and each step of the No. 1 reverse method or No.
  • the octopole rotor rotates 9 degrees clockwise, every step of No. 2 clockwise or No. 3 counterclockwise, the octopole rotor rotates 18 degrees counterclockwise, every step of No. 2 counterclockwise or No. 3 clockwise, the octopole rotor clockwise Turn 18 degrees.
  • the twelve-pole rotor rotates 6 degrees clockwise, and each step of No. 1 reverse method or No. 4 forward method, twelve The pole rotor rotates 6 degrees counterclockwise, every step of No. 2 clockwise or No. The hour hand turns 12 degrees.
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator has the number of Q pairs of poles, and the step distance of each step of the method of each tooth with few poles and multiple speeds is 1 of the above-mentioned step distances of embodiment 3. /Q times.
  • This can be used as a reference and supplement to Example 3.
  • Embodiment 4 A pair of pole-pair number six-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC stator, composed of stator core and armature winding, see Figure 15, together with the rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism and other components Composition of six-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC motor.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required so that the twelve teeth are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the twelve segments of the yoke connect the twelve teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding includes a 6-phase armature winding.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the teeth of the stator core to form a tooth winding.
  • the positive and negative of each tooth winding is determined according to the tooth orientation method.
  • the tooth winding setting rule is: 6-phase armature winding, each phase armature winding includes 2 tooth windings; select a tooth on the stator core as the base S pole, and the sixth tooth in front is the base N pole.
  • Pole from the base S pole to the front, set 6 phases and a total of 6 positive tooth windings on the 6 teeth in sequence according to the phase sequence number, and set 6 phases and a total of 6 positive tooth windings on the 6 teeth from the base N pole to the front according to the phase sequence number negative tooth windings, so that 12 tooth windings are set.
  • the 12 tooth windings are: the first phase spur winding (+a), the second phase spur winding (+b), the third phase spur winding (+c), 4th phase spur winding (+d), 5th phase spur winding (+e), 6th phase spur winding (+f), 1st phase negative tooth winding (- a), 2nd phase negative tooth winding (-b), 3rd phase negative tooth winding (-c), 4th phase negative tooth winding (-d), 5th phase negative tooth winding (-e) and the 6th phase negative tooth winding (-f).
  • Tooth few pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method, No. 3 reverse method, No. 4 forward method, No. 4 reverse method, and No. 5 forward method
  • the method and the No. 5 inverse method are a total of 10 kinds of methods of feeding the P-phase direct current to form the magnetic field of the rotating stator.
  • Step 1 take the base S as the S pole in this step, take the base N pole as the N pole in this step, and connect the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located with direct current, the current rule is that the current makes the S pole
  • the tooth windings are energized to form S poles, and the current makes the tooth windings of N poles energized to form N poles; each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the first tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the N pole in the previous step
  • the first tooth in front of the pole is used as the N pole in this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and N pole are located.
  • the stepping distance is one polar center distance forward.
  • the reverse method of No. 1 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; for each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth behind the N pole of the previous step One tooth is used as the N pole of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S pole and the N pole are located, and the current rule remains unchanged; the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts; the step distance of each step To retreat one polar center distance.
  • the No. 2 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the second tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance In order to advance two polar heart distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the second tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance It is two polar center distances backward.
  • the No. 3 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the third tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the third tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the three teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step is a step distance For advancing three polar distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 3 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the third tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the third tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the three teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins
  • each step is a step distance is three polar center distances backward.
  • the No. 4 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the fourth tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the fourth tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the four teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts; each step is a step distance In order to advance four polar center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 4 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the fourth tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the fourth tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the four teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts; each step is a step distance It is four polar center distances backward.
  • the No. 5 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the fifth tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the fifth tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step
  • the five teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; the step distance of each step To advance five polar distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 5 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the fifth tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step
  • the fifth tooth behind the N pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step.
  • the five teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and direct current is applied to the phase where the S poles and N poles are located, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; the step distance of each step To retreat five polar distances.
  • the first step of No. 1 forward method is to pass positive current into phase a, see Figure 15
  • the second step is to pass positive current into phase b, see Figure 16.
  • the first step of the No. 2 forward method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the c phase, see Figure 17.
  • the first step of the No. 2 reverse method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is Phase e is connected to a negative current.
  • the first step of the No. 3 forward method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the d phase, see Figure 18.
  • the first step of the No. 3 reverse method is the same as the first step of the No.
  • the second step is The d-phase is connected to a negative current.
  • the first step of the No. 4 forward method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the e phase, see Figure 19.
  • the first step of the No. 4 reverse method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is Phase c is fed with a negative current.
  • the first step of the No. 5 forward method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the f phase, see Figure 20.
  • the first step of the reverse method of No. 5 is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is Phase b is fed with a negative current. Steps 3 to 12 can be deduced in the same way for each number of straight method and each number of reverse method.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and six-phase inverters.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, housing, control mechanism and other components form a six-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the stator has six phases, and the permanent magnet rotor has ten poles (five pairs of pole pairs).
  • the magnetic field of the stator rotates 30 degrees forward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 30 degrees clockwise;
  • the pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 12 degrees counterclockwise; when No. 3 is selected, each step rotates the stator magnetic field forward 90 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 18 degrees clockwise; when No.
  • each step Rotate the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 120 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 24 degrees counterclockwise; when selecting No. 5 Shunfa, each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 150 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 6 degrees clockwise; When the No. 1 inverse method is selected, the magnetic field of the stator rotates 30 degrees backward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 30 degrees counterclockwise; The pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 12 degrees clockwise; when the No.
  • the magnetic field of the stator rotates 90 degrees backward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise 18 degrees; when the No. 4 inverse method is selected, each step, Rotate the stator magnetic field to rotate backward 120 degrees, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 24 degrees clockwise; when the No. 5 inverse method is selected, at each step, the rotating stator magnetic field rotates backward 150 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 6 degrees counterclockwise. Under the condition that the time of each step is equal, the motor has five rated speeds with different absolute values. It is obvious that only some of the speeds can be selected to be four-speed rated motors, three-speed rated motors, two-speed rated motors or single-speed rated motors.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the electrodes, the supporting parts, the casing and the control mechanism and other components form a five-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use fourteen poles, that is, seven pairs of pole pairs. It is a five-speed rated speed motor. When you choose No. 1 Shunfa, every step, turn the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 30 degrees, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 21.4 degrees counterclockwise; when you choose No. 2 Shunfa, every step, turn the stator magnetic field to turn forward 60 degrees, The fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 8.6 degrees clockwise; when No.
  • each step rotates the stator magnetic field backward 90 degrees, and the 14-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 12.9 degrees clockwise; select 4
  • the magnetic field of the stator rotates backward by 120 degrees at each step, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise by 17.1 degrees; when the No. The pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 4.3 degrees clockwise.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a six-phase tooth winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use a pair of pole-logarithmic rotors. rated speed motor. Choose No. 1 forward method and No. 1 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 30 degrees at each step; choose No. 2 forward method and No. 2 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 60 degrees at each step; choose No. 3 forward method and No. 3 Inverse method, each step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 90 degrees; choose No. 4 forward method, No. 4 reverse method, each step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 120 degrees; choose No. 5 forward method, No. 5 reverse method, each step, the permanent magnet The rotor turns 150 degrees.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a six-phase tooth winding less pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a three-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the twelve-pole stator with the ten-pole and fourteen-pole salient pole reluctance rotors is a mature technology.
  • the motor can be started in eight ways, namely: use No. 1 forward method or No. 5 reverse method for each step, the ten-pole rotor rotates 6 degrees counterclockwise, No. 1 reverse method or No. 5 reverse method For each step of No.
  • the ten-pole rotor rotates 6 degrees clockwise. For each step of No. 2 clockwise or No. 4 counterclockwise, the ten-pole rotor rotates 12 degrees counterclockwise. For each step of No. 2 counterclockwise or No. 4 clockwise, The ten-pole rotor rotates 12 degrees clockwise.
  • the salient pole reluctance rotor maintains the original rotation direction by inertia, and can be switched to use two methods to achieve the third rated speed, that is, using No. 3 forward method or No. 3 inverse method for each step, the ten pole column rotor rotates 18 Spend.
  • the motor can be started in eight ways, namely: using the No. 1 forward method or No. 5 reverse method for each step, the fourteen-pole rotor rotates 4.3 degrees clockwise, and the No. 1 reverse method Or for each step of No. 5 clockwise, the fourteen-pole rotor rotates 4.3 degrees counterclockwise; for each step of No. 2 clockwise or No. For each step of the method, the fourteen-pole rotor rotates 8.6 degrees counterclockwise.
  • the salient pole reluctance rotor maintains the original rotation direction by inertia, and can be switched to two methods to achieve the third rated speed, namely: each step of No. 3 forward method or No. 3 inverse method, the twelve-pole rotor rotates 12.9 Spend.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has the number of Q pairs of poles, and the step distance of each step of the method of each tooth with few poles and multiple speeds is 1 of the above-mentioned step distances of embodiment 4. /Q times.
  • This can be used as a reference and supplement to Example 4.
  • the pole arc, tooth width, tooth height (extremely high), tooth shape, yoke thickness, wire diameter, number of turns, detailed properties of the rotor and detailed properties of the control mechanism of the stator are not shown.
  • the optimization selection of these indicators adopts mature technology.

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Abstract

齿绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机，特征是：各相电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，按齿部绕组设置规则设置。按齿少极多速法通入直流电，形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，可以驱动转子以多种额定转速运行。

Description

齿绕组少极多速直流定子 技术领域
本发明涉及一种直流无刷电机的定子。具体是各相电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，按齿少极多速法通入多相直流电，各齿部绕组形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，可以驱动转子。这就是齿绕组少极多速直流定子。
背景技术
电机由定子、转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。电机一般是圆柱状转子位于电机中心内部、圆环状定子位于外部包围转子，这是内转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术可以实现圆柱状定子位于电机中心内部，圆环状转子位于外部包围定子，这是外转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现盘状定子位于电机一侧，盘状转子位于电机另一侧，定子与转子轴向相对的轴向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现线状定子与线状转子相对平行运动的直线电机。所述拓扑技术是成熟技术。电机都努力提高效率，增加功能。改进电机的关键部件定子，就可以改进电机。传统直流无刷电机中的定子，或者传统开关磁阻电机的定子，其转动定子磁场只有一种转速，功能不丰富。本发明提出：1，电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，2，采用齿少极多速法通入多相直流电，调整每一步的步进距离，就可以在直流无刷电机定子上形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，使电机具有多种额定速度，增加了电机功能。所述多相直流电是每相电流电势在每步步长时间中稳定的直流电，包括正电流和负电流，通常是矩形电流、形成梯形气隙磁通。例如电子控制器管理的直流电、逆变器产生的直流电等，均为成熟技术。控制多相直流电采用成熟技术，例如阶梯控制、电流控制、转矩控制、最优效率控制、超前相角控制、无位置传感器控制等。
本发明提出的齿绕组少极多速直流定子，具体是多相电枢绕组采用齿部绕组、按齿少极多速法通入多相直流电，转动定子磁场具有多种转速的直流无刷定子。通过改进定子来改进电机，增加电机功能。电机行业需要齿绕组少极多速直流定子。
发明内容
本发明齿绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。可以与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机。所述组成电机为成熟技术。特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，按齿少极多速法通入多相直流电，形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的转动定子磁场。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术，采用高磁通材料制造。例如采用硅钢、层叠硅钢等制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使各个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向内朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，轭部连接各个齿部形成定子铁芯。设的定子相数为P，P为不小于3的自然数，定子铁芯有2*Q*P个齿部、有2*Q*P段轭部，Q是定子极对数，Q为自然数。定子铁芯齿部又称定子极柱，定子极柱数等于定子铁芯的齿部数。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方、为前进方向，逆时针方向为后方、为后退方向。
电枢绕组是通入P相直流电形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括P相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组。各个齿部绕组的正负按齿部定向法确定：流通正电流时形成N极的齿部绕组为正齿部绕组，流通正电流时形成S极的齿部绕组为负齿部绕组。齿部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q个齿部绕组；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为第一基S极，前方第P个齿部是第一基N极，前方第2*P个齿部是第二基S极，前方第3*P个齿部是第二基N极，如此类推直至第Q基S极和第Q基N极；从每个基S极向前方各个齿部按相序编号依次设置P相共P个正齿部绕组，从每个基N极向前方各个齿部按相序编号依次设置P相共P个负齿部绕组，就设置了2*Q*P个齿部绕组。各个齿部绕组的电线和匝数等内容相同。每相中各个齿部绕组之间的连接方式，包括串联连接、并联连接和混合连接等，均采用成熟技术。各个齿部绕组通入直流电有三种状态，一是通入电流，形成N极，二是通入电流，形成S极，三是不通入电流，不形成磁极。随着通入直流电每步变化，变化的磁极形成变化的转动定子磁场。N极是北极，S极是南极，*是乘号，/是除号，+是正号、加号，-是负号、减号。所述各电枢绕组的相序编号是成熟技术，通常以小写英文字母顺序表示。
电枢绕组按齿少极多速法通入P相直流电，每一个通电周期包括2*P步，共2*P个相等的步长时间。每步通入的电流都与定子和转子的相对位置相关，选择每步开始与结束时机、选择直流电导通与关闭时间、选择电相位角度采用成熟技术。成熟技术包括在电机中设置传感器，获得每步位置信号，信号提供给电子控制器从而控制多相逆变器供给各相的电流。每一步通入电流，使转子转动一个步进距离后，开始下一步通入电流。电机启动可以从任何一步开始，并不必须从第一步开始。齿少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、如此类推直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法，一共是2*(P-1)种通入直流电形成多种转速转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以每个基S极为这一步S极，以每个基N极为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使每个S极的齿部绕组通电形成S极同时电流使每个N极的齿部绕组通电形成N极；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极前方第一个齿部 作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。后面的m号顺法和m号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为m个极心距；直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为(P-1)个极心距。所述电流使某齿部绕组形成S极，当该齿部绕组为正齿部绕组时就是使其通入负电流，当该齿部绕组为负齿部绕组时就是使其通入正电流。所述电流使某齿部绕组形成N极，当该齿部绕组为正齿部绕组时就是使其通入正电流，当该齿部绕组为负齿部绕组时就是使其通入负电流。齿少极多速法每一步的核心内容，是通过具体通入的电流使各齿部绕组形成步进距离正确的变化磁极。
如上所述，m号顺法每一步使转动定子磁场以m号转速顺时针转动m个极心距，m号逆法每一步使转动定子磁场以m号转速逆时针转动m个极心距，m是自然数，m最大等于(P-1)。所述极心距是相邻的两个定子齿部顶部中心之间的弧度。每一步转动定子磁场转动m个极心距，就是定子磁场每一步步进距离为m个极心距。同按齿少极多速法的1号顺法通入直流电形成转动定子磁场，当定子极对数为Q时每步步进距离，是定子极对数为1时每步步进距离的1/Q倍。在每一步步长时间相同的条件下，本发明定子选择采用各号顺法和各号逆法之一可以形成具有Q对极对数的具有各种速度之一的转动定子磁场，可以驱动转子以各种转速之一的额定转速转动。转动定子磁场有(P-1)种速度(绝对值)，与永磁转子组成的电机具有(P-1)种额定转速(绝对值)；与凸极磁阻转子组成的电机具有(P/2)种的额定转速，其中(P/2)的值取整数。具体参见各实施例。
在齿部绕组设置规则中，把任一相的两个齿部绕组均改为方向相反的齿部绕组；在齿少极多速法的每一种通电方式的每一步中，把该相通入的原直流电对应改为方向相反的直流电， 则本发明不变。
本发明各实施例讲述的都是齿绕组少极多速直流定子组成的一对极对数定子的电机，本发明还包括多对极对数定子的电机；从一对极对数定子电机推导多对极对数定子电机是业内成熟技术。本发明各实施例讲述的都是一个定子与一个转子匹配的电机，本发明还包括双定子与一个转子匹配的电机、双转子与一个定子匹配的电机；推导双定子电机、双转子电机是业内成熟技术。
转子包括永磁转子和凸极磁阻转子，采用其中之一作为转子。其中永磁转子的极对数为单数，凸极磁阻转子的齿部数等于定子齿部数加二或减二。例如：一对极对数的三相定子匹配的永磁转子是一对、五对或七对极对数；一对极对数的四相定子匹配的永磁转子是一对、三对、五对或七对极对数，匹配的凸极磁阻转子是六齿部或十齿部；一对极对数的五相定子匹配的永磁转子是一对、三对或七对极对数，匹配的凸极磁阻转子是八齿部或十二齿部；一对极对数的六相定子匹配的永磁转子是一对、五对或七对极对数，匹配的凸极磁阻转子是十齿部或十四齿部；一对极对数的P相定子匹配的永磁转子和匹配的凸极磁阻转子依此类推。控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和多相逆变器组成。所述转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
齿绕组少极多速直流定子，与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机。齿绕组少极多速直流定子，与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成齿绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机。
图1至图5是一对极对数的三相齿绕组少极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配十极永磁转子。图1是三相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步。图2是三相1号顺法第2步、1号逆法第6步，图3是三相1号逆法第2步、1号顺法第6步，图4是三相2号顺法第2步或第5步、2号逆法第3步或第6步、1号顺法第3步、1号逆法第5步，图5是三相2号逆法第2步或第5步、2号顺法第3步或第6步、1号逆法第3步、1号顺法第5步。图6至图9是四相齿绕组少极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配六极永磁转子。图6是四相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图7是四相1号顺法第2步、1号逆法第8步，图8是四相2号顺法第2步或第6步、2号逆法第4步或第8步、1号顺法第3步、1号逆法第7步，图9是四相3号顺法第2步、3号逆法第8步、1号顺法第4步、1号逆法第6步。图10至图14是五相齿绕组少极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配八齿部凸极磁阻转子；图10是五相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图11是五相1号顺法第2步，图12是五相2号顺法第2步，图13是五相3号顺法第2步，图14是五相4号顺法第2步。图15是六相齿绕组少极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配十极永磁转子；图15是六相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图16是六相1号顺法第2步，图17是六相2号顺法第2步，图18 是六相3号顺法第2步，图19是六相4号顺法第2步，图20是六相5号顺法第2步。
传统无刷直流电机的定子，以及传统开关磁阻电机的定子，只有一种步进距离，组成的电机只有一种额定转速。齿绕组少极多速直流定子，采用齿少极多速法，改进了通电方法，转动定子磁场具有多种步进距离，在通电周期相等条件下，组成的电机具有多种额定转速，增加了电机功能。在此之前没有相同的电机。
所述定子铁芯、高磁通材料、轭部、齿部、极柱、磁极、转动定子磁场和极对数均为成熟技术。所述电线、绕组、绕制、电枢绕组、齿部绕组、正极、负极、连接、步长、极心距、弧度、凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子均为成熟技术。
附图说明
图1是一对极对数的三相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例1示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图2是一对极对数的三相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图3是一对极对数的三相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之三，是1号逆法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图4是一对极对数的三相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之四，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图5是一对极对数的三相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之五，是2号逆法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图6是一对极对数的四相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例2示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图7是一对极对数的四相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c 和-d)共八个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图8是一对极对数的四相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之三，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图9是一对极对数的四相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图10是一对极对数的五相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例3示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十个，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图11是一对极对数的五相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十个，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图12是一对极对数的五相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之三，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十个，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图13是一对极对数的五相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十个，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图14是一对极对数的五相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之五，是4号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十个，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图15是一对极对数的六相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例4示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图16是一对极对数的六相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图17是一对极对数的六相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之三，是2号顺法 第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图18是一对极对数的六相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图19是一对极对数的六相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之五，是4号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图20是一对极对数的六相齿绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之六，是5号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二个，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
各图中，在齿部标示各齿部绕组的相位序号，相位序号是绕组标示的成熟技术，各齿部绕组以少数匝数电线示意，实际电线匝数按实际需要设置。电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等未画出。在齿少极多速法第某步时形成的磁极如图中定子齿部的S和N所示。各转子永磁体的N极方向如磁体中所画箭头所示，图2、图3、图4、图5、图7、图8、图9、图11、图12、图13、图14、图16、图17、图18、图19和图20中的转子位置可忽略。各部件只示意相互关系，未反映实际尺寸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一对极对数的三相齿绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图1，与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相齿绕组少极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使六个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，六段轭部连接六个齿部形成定子铁芯。
电枢绕组包括3相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组。各个齿部绕组的正负按齿部定向法确定。齿部绕组设置规则是：3相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2个齿部绕组；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基S极，前方第3个齿部是基N极，从基S极向前方3个齿部按相序编号依次设置3相共3个正齿部绕组，从基N极向前方3个齿部按相序编号依次设置3相共3个负齿部绕组，这样就设置了6段齿部绕组。本实施例P＝3，Q＝1，所以本实施例6个齿部绕组依次为：第1相正齿部绕组(+a)、第2相正 齿部绕组(+b)、第3相正齿部绕组(+c)、第1相负齿部绕组(-a)、第2相负齿部绕组(-b)和第3相负齿部绕组(-c)。
电枢绕组按齿少极多速法通入3相直流电，每一个通电周期包括6步，共6个相等的步长时间。齿少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法和2号逆法，一共是4种通入3相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以基S极为这一步S极，以基N极为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极的齿部绕组通电形成S极同时电流使N极的齿部绕组通电形成N极；以后每一步(直至第6步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。其第1步、第2步和第3步参见图1、图2和图4。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。其第1步、第2步和第3步参见图1、图3和图5。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。其第1步和第2步参见图1和图4。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，以上一步S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。其第1步和第2步参见图1和图5。在每一种齿少极多速法的每一步中，电流规则不变，但每一步各齿部绕组具体通入的电流不一样。齿少极多速法每一步的核心内容，是通过具体通入的电流使各齿部绕组形成步进距离正确的磁极。例如1号顺法第1步是a相通入正电流；第2步是b相正电流；第3步是c相通入正电流；第4步是a相通入负电流；第5步是b相通入负电流；第6步是c相通入负电流；第7步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。又例如2号顺法第1步同1号顺法的第1步；第2步是b相通入负电流；第3步是c相通入正电流；第4步是a相通入正电流；第5步是b相通入负电流；第6步是c相通入正电流；第7步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。1号逆法和2号逆法可依此类推。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和三相逆变器组成。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相齿绕组少 极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子采用五对极对数永磁转子。参见图1至图5的电机，定子有六齿部，永磁转子有五对极对数(十极)。选择1号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动60度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动12度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动120度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动24度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动60度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动12度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动120度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动24度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有两种绝对值不同的额定转速，显然只选择其中一种转速就成为单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用一对极对数转子，是二速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法、1号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动60度；选择2号顺法、2号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动120度。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相齿绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机，是单速额定转速电机。六极柱定子与四极柱、八极柱、十极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。采用四极柱凸极磁阻转子时，每一步，转子转动30度。采用八极凸极磁阻转子时，每一步，转子转动15度。采用十极凸极磁阻转子时，每一步，转子转动12度。
当齿部绕组设置规则改变时，齿少极多速法相应改变。本实施例的另一种匹配如下，齿部绕组设置规则改为：从基S极向前方依次设置的3段齿部绕组改为第1相正齿部绕组(+a)、第2相负齿部绕组(-b)和第3相正齿部绕组(+c)，从基N极向前方依次设置的3段齿部绕组改为第1相负齿部绕组(-a)、第2相正齿部绕组(+b)和第3相负齿部绕组(-c)；b相各齿部绕组改为方向相反。相应的齿少极多速法的每一步中b相通入的电流改为相反的电流。本实施例不变。
如果把本实施例定子极柱数改为2*Q*3，转动定子磁场具有Q对极对数，各齿少极多速法每一步步进距离是实施例1上述各步进距离的1/Q倍。这可作为实施例1的参考和补充。
实施例2：一对极对数的四相齿绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图6，与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相齿绕组少极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使八个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，八段轭部连接八个齿部形成定子铁芯。
电枢绕组包括4相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部 绕组。各个齿部绕组的正负按齿部定向法确定。齿部绕组设置规则是：4相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2个齿部绕组；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基S极，前方第4个齿部是基N极，从基S极向前方在4个齿部按相序编号依次设置4相共4个正齿部绕组，从基N极向前方在4个齿部按相序编号依次设置4相共4个负齿部绕组，这样就设置了8段齿部绕组。本实施例P＝4，Q＝1，所以本实施例8个齿部绕组依次为：第1相正齿部绕组(+a)、第2相正齿部绕组(+b)、第3相正齿部绕组(+c)、第4相正齿部绕组(+d)、第1相负齿部绕组(-a)、第2相负齿部绕组(-b)、第3相负齿部绕组(-c)和第4相负齿部绕组(-d)。
电枢绕组按齿少极多速法通入4相直流电，每一个通电周期包括8步，共8个相等的步长时间。齿少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法和3号逆法，一共是6种通入4相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以基S极为这一步S极，以基N极为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使每个S极的齿部绕组通电形成S极同时电流使每个N极的齿部绕组通电形成N极；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极前方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进三个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极后方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个 通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退三个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相通入正电流，参见图6；第2步是b相通入正电流，参见图7；第3步是c相通入正电流，参见图8；第4步是d相通入正电流，参见图9；第5步是a相通入负电流；第6步是b相通入负电流；第7步是c相通入负电流；第8步是d相通入负电流；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期。又例如2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相通入正电流，参见图8；第3步是a相通入负电流；第4步是c相通入负电流；第5步是a相通入正电流；第6步是c相通入正电流；第7步是a相通入负电流；第8步是c相通入负电流；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期。再例如3号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是d相通入正电流，参见图9；第3步是c相通入负电流；第4步是b相通入正电流；第5步是a相通入负电流；第6步是d相通入负电流；第7步是c相通入正电流；第8步是b相通入负电流；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期。1号逆法、2号逆法和3号逆法可依此类推。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和四相逆变器组成。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，参见图6中的电机，定子有四相，永磁转子有三对极对数(六极)。选择1号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动45度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动45度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动90度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动30度；选择3号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动135度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动15度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动45度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动45度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动90度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动30度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动135度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动15度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有三种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择其中部分转速成为两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用十极即五对极对数，该电机也是三速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动45度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动27度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动90度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动18度；选择3号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动135度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动9度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动45度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动27度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动90度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动18度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动135度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动9度。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相齿绕组少 极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用一对极对数转子，是三速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法、1号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动45度；选择2号顺法、2号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动90度；选择3号顺法、3号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动135度。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相齿绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机，是二速额定转速电机。八极柱定子与六极柱、十极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。采用六极柱凸极磁阻转子时，电机启动采用1号顺法、1号逆法、3号顺法或3号逆法，1号顺法或3号逆法每一步，六极柱转子逆时针转动15度，1号逆法或3号顺法每一步，六极柱转子顺时针转动15度。电机启动后可以切换到采用2号顺法或2号逆法形成第二额定转速，转子依靠惯性继续维持原转动方向而转速加倍，2号顺法或2号逆法每一步，六极柱转子转动30度。采用十极凸极磁阻转子时，电机启动采用1号顺法、1号逆法、3号顺法或3号逆法，1号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十极柱转子顺时针转动9度，1号逆法或3号顺法每一步，十极柱转子逆时针转动9度。电机启动后可以切换到采用2号顺法或2号逆法形成第二额定转速，转子依靠惯性继续维持原转动方向而转速加倍，2号顺法或2号逆法每一步，十极柱转子转动18度。
如果把本实施例定子极柱数改为2*Q*4，转动定子磁场具有Q对极对数，各齿少极多速法每一步步进距离是实施例2上述各步进距离的1/Q倍。这可作为实施例2的参考和补充。
实施例3：一对极对数的五相齿绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图10，与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相齿绕组少极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十段轭部连接十个齿部形成定子铁芯。
电枢绕组包括5相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组。各个齿部绕组的正负按齿部定向法确定。齿部绕组设置规则是：5相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2个齿部绕组；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基S极，前方第5个齿部是基N极，从基S极向前方在5个齿部按相序编号依次设置5相共5个正齿部绕组，从基N极向前方在5个齿部按相序编号依次设置5相共5个负齿部绕组，这样就设置了10段齿部绕组。本实施例P＝5，Q＝1，所以本实施例10个齿部绕组依次为：第1相正齿部绕组(+a)、第2相正齿部绕组(+b)、第3相正齿部绕组(+c)、第4相正齿部绕组(+d)、第5相正齿部绕组(+e)、第1相负齿部绕组(-a)、第2相负齿部绕组(-b)、第3相负齿部绕组(-c)、第4相负齿部绕组(-d)和第5相负齿部绕组(-e)。
电枢绕组按齿少极多速法通入5相直流电，每一个通电周期包括10步，共10个相等的步长时间。齿少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法、3号逆法、4号顺法和4号逆法，一共是8种通入5相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以基S极为这一步S极，以基N极为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极的齿部绕组通电形成S极同时电流使N极的齿部绕组通电形成N极；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极前方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进三个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极后方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退三个极心距。4号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极前方第四个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第四个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进四个极心距。4号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极后方第四个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第四个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通 电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退四个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相通入正电流，参见图10；第2步是b相通入正电流，参见图11。1号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是e相通入负电流。2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相通入正电流，参见图12。2号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是d相通入负电流。3号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是d相通入正电流，参见图13。3号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相通入负电流。4号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是e相通入正电流，参见图14。4号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是b相通入负电流。各号顺法、各号逆法的第3步至第10步可依此类推。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和五相逆变器组成。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机。定子有五相，永磁转子有六极(三对极对数)。选择1号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动36度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动36度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动72度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动48度；选择3号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动108度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动12度；选择4号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动144度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动24度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动36度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动36度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动72度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动48度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动108度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动12度；选择4号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动144度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动24度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有四种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择其中部分转速成为三速额定转速电机、两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用十四极即七对极对数，是四速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动36度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动15.4度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动72度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动20.6度；选择3号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动108度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动5.1度；选择4号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动144度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动10.3度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动36度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动15.4度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动72度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动20.6度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动108度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动5.1度；选择4号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动144度，十四 极永磁转子顺时针转动10.3度。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用一对极对数转子，是四速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法、1号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动36度；选择2号顺法、2号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动72度；选择3号顺法、3号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动108度；选择4号顺法、4号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动144度。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相齿绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机，是两速额定转速电机。十极柱定子与八极柱、十二极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。匹配八极柱凸极磁阻转子时，参见图10，采用1号顺法或4号逆法每一步，八极柱转子逆时针转动9度，1号逆法或4号顺法每一步，八极柱转子顺时针转动9度，2号顺法或3号逆法每一步，八极柱转子逆时针转动18度，2号逆法或3号顺法每一步，八极柱转子顺时针转动18度。匹配十二极柱凸极磁阻转子时，采用1号顺法或4号逆法每一步，十二极柱转子顺时针转动6度，1号逆法或4号顺法每一步，十二极柱转子逆时针转动6度，2号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十二极柱转子顺时针转动12度，2号逆法或3号顺法每一步，十二极柱转子逆时针转动12度。
如果把本实施例定子极柱数改为2*Q*5，转动定子磁场具有Q对极对数，各齿少极多速法每一步步进距离是实施例3上述各步进距离的1/Q倍。这可作为实施例3的参考和补充。
实施例4：一对极对数的六相齿绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图15，与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相齿绕组少极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十二个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十二段轭部连接十二个齿部形成定子铁芯。
电枢绕组包括6相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组。各个齿部绕组的正负按齿部定向法确定。齿部绕组设置规则是：6相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2个齿部绕组；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基S极，前方第6个齿部是基N极，从基S极向前方在6个齿部按相序编号依次设置6相共6个正齿部绕组，从基N极向前方在6个齿部按相序编号依次设置6相共6个负齿部绕组，这样就设置了12个齿部绕组。本实施例P＝6，Q＝1，12个齿部绕组依次为：第1相正齿部绕组(+a)、第2相正齿部绕组(+b)、第3相正齿部绕组(+c)、第4相正齿部绕组(+d)、第5相正齿部绕组(+e)、第6相正齿部绕组(+f)、第1相负齿部绕组(-a)、第2相负齿部绕组(-b)、第3相负齿部绕组(-c)、 第4相负齿部绕组(-d)、第5相负齿部绕组(-e)和第6相负齿部绕组(-f)。
电枢绕组按齿少极多速法通入6相直流电，每一个通电周期包括12步，共12个相等的步长时间。齿少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法、3号逆法、4号顺法、4号逆法、5号顺法和5号逆法，一共是10种通入P相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以基S极为这一步S极，以基N极为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极的齿部绕组通电形成S极同时电流使N极的齿部绕组通电形成N极；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进三个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退三个极心距。4号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第四个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第四个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进四个极心距。4号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第四个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第四个 齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退四个极心距。5号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第五个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第五个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进五个极心距。5号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第五个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第五个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退五个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相通入正电流，参见图15；第2步是b相通入正电流，参见图16。1号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是f相通入负电流。2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相通入正电流，参见图17。2号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是e相通入负电流。3号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是d相通入正电流，参见图18。3号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是d相通入负电流。4号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是e相通入正电流，参见图19。4号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相通入负电流。5号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是f相通入正电流，参见图20。5号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是b相通入负电流。各号顺法、各号逆法的第3步至第12步可依此类推。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和六相逆变器组成。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机。参见图15中的电机，定子有六相，永磁转子有十极(五对极对数)。选择1号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动30度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动30度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动60度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动12度；选择3号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动90度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动18度；选择4号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动120度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动24度；选择5号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动150度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动6度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动30度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动30度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动60度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动12度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动90度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动18度；选择4号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动120度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动24度；选择5号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动150度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动6度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有五种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择 其中部分转速成为四速额定转速电机、三速额定转速电机、两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相齿绕组少极多速永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用十四极即七对极对数，是五速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动30度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动21.4度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动60度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动8.6度；选择3号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动90度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动12.9度；选择4号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动120度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动17.1度；选择5号顺法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动150度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动4.3度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动30度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动21.4度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动60度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动8.6度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动90度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动12.9度；选择4号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动120度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动17.1度；选择5号逆法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动150度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动4.3度。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用一对极对数转子，是五速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法、1号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动30度；选择2号顺法、2号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动60度；选择3号顺法、3号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动90度；选择4号顺法、4号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动120度；选择5号顺法、5号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动150度。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相齿绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机，是三速额定转速电机。十二极柱定子与十极柱、十四极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。匹配十极柱凸极磁阻转子时，电机可采用八种方法启动，即：采用1号顺法或5号逆法每一步，十极柱转子逆时针转动6度，1号逆法或5号顺法每一步，十极柱转子顺时针转动6度，2号顺法或4号逆法每一步，十极柱转子逆时针转动12度，2号逆法或4号顺法每一步，十极柱转子顺时针转动12度。电机启动后凸极磁阻转子依靠惯性维持原有转动方向，可以切换采用两种方法实现第三种额定转速，即：采用3号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十极柱转子转动18度。匹配十四极柱凸极磁阻转子时，电机可采用八种方法启动，即：采用1号顺法或5号逆法每一步，十四极柱转子顺时针转动4.3度，1号逆法或5号顺法每一步，十四极柱转子逆时针转动4.3度，2号顺法或4号逆法每一步，十四极柱转 子顺时针转动8.6度，2号逆法或4号顺法每一步，十四极柱转子逆时针转动8.6度。电机启动后凸极磁阻转子依靠惯性维持原有转动方向，可以切换采用两种方法实现第三种额定转速，即：3号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十二极柱转子转动12.9度。
如果把本实施例定子极柱数改为2*Q*6，转动定子磁场具有Q对极对数，各齿少极多速法每一步步进距离是实施例4上述各步进距离的1/Q倍。这可作为实施例4的参考和补充。
在以上各实施例中，未显示定子的极弧、齿宽、齿高(极高)、齿形、轭厚度、线径、匝数、转子的详细性质和控制机构的详细性质等指标，对这些指标的优化选取均采用成熟技术。
以上描述了本发明基本原理、主要特征和优点，业内技术人员应该了解，本发明不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明的变化与改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求及同等物界定。

Claims (2)

  1. 齿绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机，特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，按齿少极多速法通入多相直流电，形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的转动定子磁场；
    定子铁芯采用成熟技术，包括齿部和轭部，有2*Q*P个齿部、有2*Q*P段轭部；
    电枢绕组是通入P相直流电形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括P相电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，齿部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q个齿部绕组；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为第一基S极，前方第P个齿部是第一基N极，前方第2*P个齿部是第二基S极，前方第3*P个齿部是第二基N极，如此类推直至第Q基S极和第Q基N极；从每个基S极向前方各个齿部按相序编号依次设置P相共P个正齿部绕组，从每个基N极向前方各个齿部按相序编号依次设置P相共P个负齿部绕组，就设置了2*Q*P个齿部绕组；
    电枢绕组按齿少极多速法通入P相直流电，每一个通电周期包括2*P步，共2*P个相等的步长时间；齿少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、等等、直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法，一共是2*(P-1)种通入直流电形成形成具有多种转速转动定子磁场的法；1号顺法是：第1步，以每个基S极为这一步S极，以每个基N极为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使每个S极的齿部绕组通电形成S极同时电流使每个N极的齿部绕组通电形成N极，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距；1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距；2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距；2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，对S极和N极所在的这一相通入直流电，电流规则不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距；后面的m号顺法和m号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为m个极心距；直至(P-1) 号顺法和(P-1)号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为(P-1)个极心距；
    转子包括永磁转子和凸极磁阻转子，采用其中之一作为转子；控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和多相逆变器组成；转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术；
    齿绕组少极多速直流定子，与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成齿绕组少极多速直流永磁电机。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的齿绕组少极多速直流定子，与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成齿绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机。
PCT/CN2022/079018 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 齿绕组少极多速直流定子 WO2023164871A1 (zh)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6150791A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-11-21 Switched Reluctance Drives Limited Operation of switched reluctance machines
JP2008177500A (ja) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-31 Tohoku Univ 三相電磁機器
CN101262195A (zh) * 2008-04-16 2008-09-10 中国矿业大学 五电平开关磁阻电机功率变换器
CN105226901A (zh) * 2014-06-25 2016-01-06 徐夫子 开关磁阻式电动机、磁阻马达的驱动电路及磁阻马达
CN111030408A (zh) * 2018-10-09 2020-04-17 中车大同电力机车有限公司 大功率开关磁阻电机、系统、以及控制方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6150791A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-11-21 Switched Reluctance Drives Limited Operation of switched reluctance machines
JP2008177500A (ja) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-31 Tohoku Univ 三相電磁機器
CN101262195A (zh) * 2008-04-16 2008-09-10 中国矿业大学 五电平开关磁阻电机功率变换器
CN105226901A (zh) * 2014-06-25 2016-01-06 徐夫子 开关磁阻式电动机、磁阻马达的驱动电路及磁阻马达
CN111030408A (zh) * 2018-10-09 2020-04-17 中车大同电力机车有限公司 大功率开关磁阻电机、系统、以及控制方法

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