WO2023164874A1 - 轭绕组少极多速直流定子 - Google Patents

轭绕组少极多速直流定子 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164874A1
WO2023164874A1 PCT/CN2022/079023 CN2022079023W WO2023164874A1 WO 2023164874 A1 WO2023164874 A1 WO 2023164874A1 CN 2022079023 W CN2022079023 W CN 2022079023W WO 2023164874 A1 WO2023164874 A1 WO 2023164874A1
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Prior art keywords
pole
phase
yoke
stator
winding
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PCT/CN2022/079023
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗灿
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罗灿
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/079023 priority Critical patent/WO2023164874A1/zh
Publication of WO2023164874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164874A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stator of a DC brushless motor.
  • the armature windings of each phase are arranged along the yoke section by the yoke winding; according to the yoke few-pole multi-speed method, multi-phase direct current is passed in, and the yoke windings of each section form the yoke magnetic flux, which gathers at the nearest teeth to form magnetic poles , the changing magnetic poles of various stepping distances form a rotating stator magnetic field with various speeds, which can drive the rotor.
  • This is the yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator.
  • the motor is composed of stator, rotor, pole, supporting part, casing and control mechanism and other components.
  • the motor is generally a cylindrical rotor located inside the center of the motor, and a circular stator located outside to surround the rotor. This is an inner rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can realize that the cylindrical stator is located inside the center of the motor, and the ring-shaped rotor is located outside to surround the stator, which is an outer rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can also realize the axial flux motor in which the disc stator is located on one side of the motor, the disc rotor is located on the other side of the motor, and the stator and rotor are axially opposite.
  • Topological technology can also realize a linear motor in which the linear stator and the linear rotor move in parallel.
  • the topology technology described is a mature technology. Motors are all striving to improve efficiency and increase functionality.
  • the motor can be improved by improving the stator, the key component of the motor.
  • the stator in the traditional DC brushless motor and the stator of the traditional switched reluctance motor have only one rotation speed in the rotating stator magnetic field, and the functions are not rich.
  • the present invention proposes: 1.
  • the armature winding adopts the yoke winding; 2.
  • the yoke-few-pole-multiple-speed method is used to feed multi-phase direct current, and by adjusting the step distance of each step during power-on, multiple phases can be formed on the stator of the brushless DC motor.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field with different speeds makes the motor have multiple rated speeds and increases the motor function.
  • the multi-phase direct current is a direct current in which the current potential of each phase is stable in each step time, including positive current and negative current, usually a rectangular current, forming a trapezoidal air-gap magnetic flux.
  • the direct current managed by the electronic controller and the direct current generated by the inverter are all mature technologies.
  • the control of multi-phase DC adopts mature technologies, such as step control, current control, torque control, optimal efficiency control, leading phase angle control, position sensorless control, etc.
  • the yoke winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator proposed by the present invention is specifically a DC brushless stator whose multi-phase armature winding adopts yoke windings, and multi-phase direct current is connected according to the yoke less-pole multi-speed method, and the magnetic field of the rotating stator has multiple speeds .
  • Improve the motor by improving the stator and increase the function of the motor.
  • the motor industry needs yoke windings with fewer poles and more speed DC stators.
  • the yoke winding less pole multi-speed DC stator of the present invention is composed of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the motor can be composed of components such as rotors, electrodes, supporting components, casings and control mechanisms. Said constituent motor is a mature technology. It is characterized in that: the armature windings of each phase are wound around the yoke by electric wires to form the yoke windings, which are arranged segmentally along the yoke, and multi-phase direct current is fed in according to the yoke few-pole multi-speed method to form changing yoke magnetic flux and form a variety of steps. The changing magnetic poles of the advancing distance form a rotating stator magnetic field at various speeds.
  • the stator core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux materials.
  • it is made of silicon steel, laminated silicon steel, and the like.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that each tooth is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and faces the rotor inwardly, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the yoke is connected to each tooth to form the stator core.
  • the number of phases of the stator armature winding is set to P, P is a natural number not less than 3, the stator core has 2*Q*P teeth, and 2*Q*P yokes, Q is the number of stator pole pairs, Q is a natural number.
  • the teeth of the stator core are also called stator poles, and the number of stator poles is equal to the number of teeth of the stator core.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, which is the forward direction, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear, which is the backward direction.
  • the armature winding is a wire structure that passes through the P-phase direct current to form a changing yoke magnetic flux, changing magnetic poles with various step distances, and a rotating stator magnetic field at various speeds, including the P-phase armature winding.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged in sections along the yoke according to the phase sequence numbers.
  • the setting rules of the yoke winding are: P-phase armature winding, each phase armature winding includes 2*Q segment yoke windings; select a tooth on the stator core as the first base S pole, and the P-th pole in front The tooth is the first base N pole, the 2*P tooth in front is the second base S pole, the 3*P tooth in front is the second base N pole, and so on until the Qth base S pole and the Qth base S pole.
  • Base N poles in front of each base S pole, set P-phase common P-segment positive yoke windings in sequence according to phase sequence numbers, and set P-phase common P-section negative yoke windings in front of each base N pole according to phase sequence numbers , 2*Q*P segment yoke windings are set.
  • the wires and the number of turns of each segment of the yoke winding are the same.
  • the connection methods between the yoke windings in each phase including series connection, parallel connection and hybrid connection, all adopt the mature technology of the motor industry.
  • each yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method, which is as follows: select a section of the stator core parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and assume that the clockwise direction in the sectional view is the positive and negative direction of the yoke magnetic flux.
  • Direction that is, when the N pole direction of the yoke magnetic flux is clockwise, the magnetic flux of this section of the yoke is positive yoke magnetic flux, and when the N pole direction of the yoke magnetic flux is counterclockwise, the magnetic flux of this section of the yoke is negative Yoke flux.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a positive current is passed is a positive yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a positive current is passed is a negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a negative current is applied is a negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a negative current is applied is a positive yoke winding.
  • One is to pass in current to form a positive yoke magnetic flux; the other is to pass in a current to form a negative yoke magnetic flux;
  • a yokeless flux segment that does not block the passage of yoke flux.
  • Adjacent yoke fluxes in the same direction are connected in series to form a set of yoke fluxes; two sections of same-direction yoke fluxes with no yoke flux section in between are also connected in series to form a set of yoke fluxes;
  • a section of yoke flux with different directions in the front and rear is itself a group of yoke flux; each group of yoke flux has a head N terminal and a tail S terminal.
  • the method of gathering the magnetic flux of the yoke to form the magnetic pole is: the magnetic flux of different groups of opposite directions of the yoke gathers with each other, that is, the N terminal gathers with the N terminal, and the S terminal gathers with the S terminal.
  • the magnetic poles are gathered at the nearest teeth, the N yoke magnetic flux is the N pole, and the S yoke magnetic flux is the S pole.
  • the changing magnetic poles form a changing rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the N pole is the North Pole
  • the S pole is the South Pole
  • * is a multiplication sign
  • / is a division sign
  • + is a plus sign
  • - is a minus sign
  • a minus sign is a minus sign.
  • the phase sequence number of each armature winding is a mature technology, usually expressed in lowercase alphabetical order.
  • the armature winding is connected to P-phase direct current according to the yoke-less-pole-multiple-speed method, and each power-on cycle includes 2*P steps, a total of 2*P equal step times.
  • the current fed into each step is related to the relative position of the stator and the rotor.
  • the selection of the start and end timing of each step, the selection of the DC on and off time, and the selection of the electrical phase angle adopt mature technology.
  • the mature technology includes setting sensors in the motor to obtain position signals for each step, and the signals are provided to the electronic controller to control the current supplied to each phase by the multi-phase inverter.
  • the current is passed in each step, and after the rotor rotates a step distance, the current is passed in the next step.
  • the yoke less-pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 straight method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 straight method, No. 2 reverse method, and so on until (P-1) No. 2*(P-1) methods of feeding P-phase direct current to form a magnetic field of a rotating stator with various rotational speeds.
  • the No. 1 straight method No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 straight method, No. 2 reverse method, and so on until (P-1) No. 2*(P-1) methods of feeding P-phase direct current to form a magnetic field of a rotating stator with various rotational speeds.
  • Step 1 each base S pole is S pole, each base N pole is N pole, the P phase is connected to direct current, and the current rule is that the current makes the P section yoke in front of each S pole
  • the first windings all form positive yoke magnetic flux, and at the same time, the current makes the P-section yoke windings in front of each N pole form negative yoke magnetic flux
  • each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), each S pole in the previous step
  • the first tooth in the front is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth in front of each N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole of this step.
  • the P phase is connected to DC, and the current rule remains unchanged; the (2*P+1) step is the same as The first step is the same, start the next energization cycle; the step distance of each step is one pole center distance.
  • the reverse method of No. 1 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), the first tooth behind each S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the previous step The first tooth behind each N pole is used as the N pole in this step, and the P phase is connected to DC, and the current rule remains unchanged; the (2*P+1) step is the same as the first step, and the next power cycle begins; each step The stepping distance is one polar center distance back.
  • the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 Shun method; each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), the second tooth in front of each S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the previous step The second tooth in front of each N pole is used as the N pole in this step, and the P phase is connected to DC, and the current rule remains unchanged; the (2*P+1) step is the same as the first step, and the next power cycle begins; each step The stepping distance is two pole center distances forward.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), the second tooth behind each S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the previous step The second tooth behind each N pole is used as the N pole in this step, and the P phase is connected to DC, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the (2*P+1) step is the same as the first step, and the next power cycle begins; each step The stepping distance is two polar center distances backward.
  • the following m-number forward method and m-number inverse method can be deduced by analogy, and the step distance of each step is m pole center distance; until (P-1) number forward method and (P-1) number inverse method can be deduced in the same way, The stepping distance of each step is (P-1) pole center distances.
  • the current rule remains the same, but the specific current passed into each section of the yoke winding in each step is different.
  • the current causes a section of the yoke winding to form a negative yoke magnetic flux.
  • the section of the yoke winding is a positive yoke winding, it is passed through a negative current.
  • the section of the yoke winding When the section of the yoke winding is a negative yoke winding, it is Make it pass a positive current.
  • the current causes a certain section of yoke winding to form a positive yoke magnetic flux.
  • this section of yoke winding is a positive yoke winding, it is a positive current, and when this section of yoke winding is a negative yoke winding, it is Make it pass a negative current.
  • the core of each step of the yoke few-pole multi-speed method is to make the yoke magnetic flux formed by each segment of the yoke windings form a correct step distance change magnetic pole on each S pole and each N pole according to the above-mentioned aggregation method through the specific input current. .
  • the traditional method of reducing the amplitude of the DC power fed into each step can be used, which is a mature technology; the method of reducing the number of phases fed into the DC power in each step can also be used , which is a special subtraction method of the yoke few-pole multi-velocity method, and the subtraction method also belongs to the yoke few-pole multi-velocity method.
  • the phase subtraction method of each number forward method and each number inverse method of the yoke few-pole multi-speed method is: at each step, ensure that the two-section yoke windings of one phase in front of the S pole and the two-section yoke windings of one phase behind the S pole are connected.
  • the other phases can choose to disconnect the circuit and not pass in the current;
  • the current rule is that the current makes each yoke winding in front of the S pole electrified to form a group of positive yoke magnetic flux, and the current makes each yoke electrified in front of the N pole
  • the windings create a set of negative yoke fluxes.
  • the phase reduction method of the three-phase stator can choose to reduce the DC current by one phase in each step
  • the phase reduction method of the four-phase stator can choose to reduce the DC current by one to two phases in each step
  • the phase reduction method of the five-phase stator can choose to reduce one phase in each step Phase to three phases are connected to direct current, and the phase subtraction method of the multi-phase stator can be deduced by analogy.
  • each step of the number m forward method makes the rotating stator magnetic field rotate clockwise at the number m speed for m pole center distances
  • each step of the m number inverse method makes the rotating stator magnetic field rotate counterclockwise at the number m speed for m pole center distances
  • m is a natural number
  • m is at most equal to (P-1).
  • the pole center distance is the radian between the top centers of two adjacent stator teeth.
  • the rotation of the stator magnetic field at each step rotates m pole-center distances, that is, the step distance of each step of the stator magnetic field is m pole-center distances.
  • the stator of the present invention selects one of the forward method and the inverse method of each number to form a rotating stator magnetic field with one of the Q pole pairs and one of various speeds, and can drive the rotor. Turns at rated speed at one of various speeds.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field has (P-1) kinds of speed (absolute value), and the motor composed of permanent magnet rotor has (P-1) rated speed (absolute value); the motor composed of salient pole reluctance rotor has (P/ 2) Types of rated speeds, where the value of (P/2) is an integer.
  • P-1 kinds of speed
  • P-1 rated speed absolute value
  • P/ 2 Types of rated speeds, where the value of (P/2) is an integer.
  • the t abscissa range from 0 to 1 corresponds to the first step, and the interval from 1 to 2 corresponds to the second step.
  • the positive current fed into the phase a armature winding in step 1 is indicated by the thick line segment above the abscissa, and the negative current passed in in the second step is indicated by the thick line segment below the abscissa.
  • Each embodiment of the present invention tells about the motor of a pair of pole-logarithmic stators that the yoke winding few poles multi-speed DC stator forms, and the present invention also includes the motor of many pairs of pole-logarithmic stators; deduce from a pair of pole-logarithmic stator motors Multi-pole logarithmic stator motor is a mature technology in the industry.
  • Each embodiment of the present invention tells about a motor with a stator matched with a rotor, and the present invention also includes a motor with double stators matched with a rotor, and a motor with double rotors matched with a stator; it is deduced that double stator motors and double rotor motors are industry Mature technology.
  • the rotor includes a permanent magnet rotor and a salient pole reluctance rotor, one of which is used as the rotor.
  • the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet rotor is an odd number, and the number of teeth of the salient pole reluctance rotor is equal to the number of teeth of the stator plus or minus two.
  • the permanent magnet rotor matched with a three-phase stator with one pole logarithm is one pair, five pairs or seven pairs of pole logarithms;
  • the permanent magnet rotor matched with a four-phase stator with one pole logarithm is one pair, three pairs, Five or seven pole pairs, the matching salient pole reluctance rotor is six teeth or ten teeth;
  • one pole pair of five-phase stator matching permanent magnet rotor is one, three or seven pole pairs number, the matching salient pole reluctance rotor is eight teeth or twelve teeth;
  • the permanent magnet rotor matched with a six-phase stator with one pair of pole pairs is one pair, five pairs or seven pairs of pole pairs, and the matching salient pole
  • the reluctance rotor is a ten-tooth or fourteen-tooth part; a pair of P-phase stators with a pair of pole pairs matches a permanent magnet rotor and a salient pole reluctance rotor,
  • the yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator together with the permanent magnet rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism, constitutes the yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator together with the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism, constitutes the yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor.
  • Figures 1 to 6 are cross-sectional views of a three-phase yoke winding with a pair of pole pairs and a few-pole multi-speed DC stator, matching a ten-pole permanent magnet rotor.
  • Figure 1 is the first step of the three-phase forward method and each number reverse method.
  • Figure 2 is the second step of the three-phase No. 1 forward method, and the sixth step of the No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 3 is the second step of the three-phase No. 1 reverse method and the sixth step of the No. 1 forward method. 2nd or 5th step of No. 2 inverse method, 3rd or 6th step of No. 2 reverse method, 3rd step of No. 1 forward method, and 5th step of No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 5 is the second or second step of three-phase No. 2 reverse method
  • Figure 6 is the phase subtraction method of each number of three-phase forward method and each number of reverse method step 1.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a four-phase yoke winding with fewer poles and more speed DC stator, matching a six-pole permanent magnet rotor.
  • Figure 7 is the first step of the four-phase number 1 forward method and each number's reverse method.
  • Figure 8 is the second step of the four-phase No. 1 forward method and the No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 9 is the second step of the four-phase No. 2 forward method step or 6th step, step 4 or 8th of No. 2 reverse method, step 3 of No. 1 forward method, and step 7 of No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 10 is the second step of four-phase No. The 8th step of the method, the 4th step of the No. 1 forward method, and the 6th step of the No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 11 is a sectional view of a five-phase yoke winding with few poles and multiple speeds DC stator, matched with an eight-tooth salient pole reluctance rotor;
  • Figure 13 is the second step of Wuxiang No. 2
  • Figure 14 is the second step of Wuxiang No. 3
  • Figure 15 is the second step of Wuxiang No. 4.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of a six-phase yoke winding with few poles and multiple speeds DC stator, matched with a ten-pole permanent magnet rotor;
  • Figure 16 is the first step of the six-phase forward method and each number reverse method;
  • Figure 17 is the six-phase No. 1 forward method Step 2
  • Figure 18 is the second step of the six-phase No. 2
  • Figure 19 is the second step of the six-phase No. 3
  • Figure 20 is the second step of the six-phase No. 4
  • Figure 21 is the six-phase No. 5 Step 2 of the law.
  • FIG. 22 Another cross-sectional view of a three-phase yoke winding with few poles and multiple speed DC stator with regular yoke winding arrangement is shown in Fig. 22.
  • Fig. 22 Another cross-sectional view of a three-phase yoke winding with few poles and multiple speed DC stator with regular yoke winding arrangement is shown in Fig. 22.
  • FIG. 22 shows the first step of another three-phase forward method or reverse method of each number, in which The direction of the b-phase two-stage yoke winding is opposite to that of the b-phase two-stage yoke winding in Figure 1.
  • the current passed into phase b in the changed yoke less-pole multi-speed method is the same as the current passed through phase b of the original yoke less-pole multi-speed method
  • the direction is opposite, and the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding is the same as the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding in FIG. 1 .
  • the invention remains unchanged.
  • each phase In the stator of a traditional brushless DC motor, the armature windings of each phase are wound around the teeth of the stator core to form tooth windings. Each tooth winding directly forms changing magnetic poles and finally forms a rotating stator magnetic field. The energization rate of each armature winding is different. High, there is only one step distance, and the composed motor has only one rated speed.
  • Yoke winding less pole multi-speed DC stator the armature windings of each phase are wound around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which innovates the stator structure; each yoke winding forms a yoke magnetic flux aggregation to form a magnetic pole and finally forms a rotating stator magnetic field, The operation mechanism of the stator magnetic field is innovated; the yoke less-pole multi-speed method is used to feed in DC power, and the energization rate of the armature winding is up to 100%, which improves the energization rate and the efficiency of the motor; the yoke less-pole multi-speed method can adopt a unique phase reduction The power control method is added; the yoke winding less-pole multi-speed method can have multiple stepping distances, and the composed motor has multiple rated speeds, which increases the motor function.
  • the advantage of the yoke winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator is that the efficiency of forming the stator magnetic field is higher due to the magnetic flux gathering effect of the yoke to form the magnetic poles. Since there are only yoke windings in the same direction on the same section of the yoke, and there are no yoke windings in different directions, there is no mutual interference and the efficiency is high. Since only half of the part of the yoke winding parallel to the motor shaft is arranged in the slot, the depth of the slot needs to be shallow, the height of the teeth is relatively short, and the self-weight is light.
  • the invention innovates the structure of the motor stator, improves the efficiency of the motor, improves the power supply method and increases the functions. There wasn't an identical motor before this one.
  • stator core high magnetic flux material
  • yoke tooth, pole, tooth height, slot depth, magnetic pole, aggregation, rotating stator magnetic field and pole pair number
  • electric wires, windings, winding, armature windings, tooth windings, positive poles, negative poles, connections, step lengths, pole center distances, radians, salient pole reluctance rotors and permanent magnet rotors are all mature technologies.
  • Fig. 1 is one of the cross-sections of a three-phase yoke winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the first step of each number forward method and each number inverse method, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is
  • the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 2 is the second section of a pair of three-phase yoke windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 1 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is
  • the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 3 is the third section of a pair of three-phase yoke windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of the No. 1 inverse method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 4 is the fourth section of a three-phase yoke winding less pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is
  • the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 5 is the fifth section of a three-phase yoke winding less pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of the No. 2 inverse method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is
  • the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 6 is the sixth section of a three-phase yoke winding less pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the first step of the phase subtraction method for each number of forward method and each number of inverse method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is
  • the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Fig. 7 is one of the four-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC stators with a pair of pole pairs and one of the matching rotor sections, which is the first step of each number of forward method and each number of inverse method, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 2.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator iron
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with three pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is an insulator
  • 6 is a permanent magnet.
  • Figure 8 is the second section of a pair of four-phase yoke windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and the matched rotor profile, which is the second step of No. 1 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator iron
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with three pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is an insulator
  • 6 is a permanent magnet.
  • Figure 9 is the third section of a pair of four-phase yoke windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator iron
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with three pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is an insulator
  • 6 is a permanent magnet.
  • Fig. 10 is a pair of four-phase yoke windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator with number of pole pairs and the fourth section of the matching rotor, which is the second step of No. 3 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator iron
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with three pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is an insulator
  • 6 is a permanent magnet.
  • Fig. 11 is one of the cross-sections of a pair of pole pairs of five-phase yoke windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor, which is the first step of each number forward method and each number inverse method, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 3.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • Section 3 is the stator iron core tooth section with ten teeth sections
  • 4 is the salient pole reluctance rotor with eight tooth sections.
  • Figure 12 is the second section of a pair of pole-pair number five-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator and the matching rotor section, which is the first step of No. 1 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • Section 3 is the stator iron core tooth section with ten teeth sections
  • 4 is the salient pole reluctance rotor with eight tooth sections.
  • Figure 13 is the third section of a pair of pole-pair number five-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • Section 3 is the stator iron core tooth section with ten teeth sections
  • 4 is the salient pole reluctance rotor with eight tooth sections.
  • Figure 14 is the fourth section of a pair of pole-pair number five-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC stator and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 3 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • Section 3 is the stator iron core tooth section with ten teeth sections
  • 4 is the salient pole reluctance rotor with eight tooth sections.
  • Figure 15 is the fifth section of a pair of five-phase yoke windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 4 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • Section 3 is the stator iron core tooth section with ten teeth sections
  • 4 is the salient pole reluctance rotor with eight tooth sections.
  • Fig. 16 is one of the cross-sections of a six-phase yoke winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the first step of the forward method of each number and the inverse method of each number, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 4.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have 12 sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 17 is the second section of a six-phase yoke winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of the No. 1 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have 12 sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion, there are 12 tooth portions
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor, there are five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet.
  • Figure 18 is the third section of a pair of six-phase yoke windings with few poles and multi-speed DC stator and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 2 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have 12 sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion, there are 12 tooth portions
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor, and there are five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 19 is the fourth section of a six-phase yoke winding less pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of No. 3 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have 12 sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion, there are 12 tooth portions
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor, and there are five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 20 is the fifth section of a six-phase yoke winding less pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the matching rotor section, which is the second step of the No. 4 Shun method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have 12 sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion, there are 12 tooth portions
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor, and there are five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Fig. 21 is a six-phase yoke winding less-pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and the sixth section of the matched rotor, which is the second step of No. 5 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have 12 sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion, there are 12 tooth portions
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor, and there are five pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view of another kind of a few-pole multi-speed DC stator with a pair of pole pairs and three-phase yoke windings with regular yoke winding arrangement, which is also a reference diagram of Embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is
  • the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs, 5 of which are permanent magnets.
  • Figure 23 is the No. 1 forward current waveform diagram of the yoke-less-pole-multi-speed method of the three-phase yoke winding less-pole-multi-speed DC stator.
  • the three phases are divided into three coordinates, the abscissa is the step time t, and the ordinate is the current i.
  • the curly brackets indicate the phase number of each yoke winding.
  • the phase number is a mature technology for winding labeling.
  • Each yoke winding is represented by a small number of turns of wires, and the actual number of turns of wires is set according to actual needs. Electrodes, supporting components, casings and control mechanisms are not shown.
  • the direction of the magnetic flux of the yoke formed by each yoke winding is shown by the arrow drawn in the yoke, and the magnetic poles formed by the aggregation of the magnetic flux of the yoke are shown by the S and the stator teeth in the figure. Shown in N.
  • Embodiment 1 A three-phase yoke winding with a pair of pole pairs and a few-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is composed of a stator core and an armature winding, see Figure 1, together with the rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism and other components A three-phase yoke winding with few poles and multi-speed DC motor is formed.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the six teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction toward the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the six-section yoke connects the six teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • a section of positive yoke winding and a section of negative yoke winding in the same phase are connected in parallel.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the base S pole the third tooth in front is the base N pole; in front of the base S pole, 3 phases and 3 sections of positive yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence number, that is, the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), The 2nd phase positive yoke winding (+b) and the 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), in front of the N pole of the base, set up 3 phases and 3 sections of negative yoke windings in sequence according to the phase sequence numbers, that is, the first phase negative The yoke winding (-a), the 2nd phase negative yoke winding (-b) and the 3rd phase negative yoke winding (-c), 6-stage yoke windings
  • the armature winding is connected to 3-phase direct current according to the method of yoke few poles and multiple speeds. Each energization cycle includes 6 steps, a total of 6 equal step times.
  • the yoke few-pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 inverse method, No. 2 forward method and No. 2 inverse method. There are altogether 4 methods of feeding 3-phase direct current to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the No. 1 method is: Step 1, the base S pole is the S pole, the base N pole is the N pole, and the three phases are connected to direct current.
  • the current rule is that the current makes the three yoke windings in front of the S pole form a forward direction.
  • the simultaneous current of the yoke magnetic flux makes the three yoke windings in front of the N pole form a negative yoke magnetic flux; each subsequent step (until the 6th step), the first tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, The first tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step, and the three phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged; the seventh step is the same as the first step, and the next power cycle starts; the step distance of each step is one step forward Polar distance.
  • the first step, second step and third step refer to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 4. No. 1 reverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the sixth step), The first tooth behind the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the first tooth behind the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step.
  • the three phases are connected to DC, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • Step 7 is the same as Step 1.
  • the step distance of each step is to retreat one pole center distance.
  • the first step, second step and third step refer to Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 5.
  • the No. 2 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the sixth step), the second step behind the S pole of the previous step
  • the first tooth is used as the S pole of this step
  • the second tooth behind the N pole of the previous step is used as the N pole of this step.
  • the three phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the seventh step is the same as the first step, and the next power-on cycle begins;
  • the stepping distance of each step is two polar center distances backward. See Figure 1 and Figure 5 for the first and second steps.
  • the second step is to pass positive current into phase c, and the negative current to pass into phase a and b;
  • the third step is to put positive current into phase a, and the phase b and phase Negative current is passed into phase c;
  • the fourth step is to pass positive current into phase a, phase b and phase c;
  • the fifth step is to pass positive current into phase c, and negative current into phase a and phase b;
  • the sixth step is to pass through phase a Positive current, phase b and phase c are fed with negative current;
  • step 7 is the same as step 1, and starts the next power-on cycle.
  • the No. 1 reverse method and the No. 2 reverse method can be deduced by analogy.
  • the method of reducing the number of phases fed into the direct current at each step can be adopted, which is the unique phase reduction method of the yoke less pole multi-speed method, and the phase subtraction method also belongs to the yoke less pole method. multi-speed method.
  • the phase subtraction method of each number of forward method and each number of inverse method of the yoke few-pole multi-speed method is: at each step, ensure that the two-section yoke windings of one phase in front of the S pole and the two-section yoke windings of one phase behind the S pole are fed with current , the other phases can choose to disconnect the circuit and not pass in the current; the current rule is to make the yoke windings energized in front of the S pole form a set of positive yoke magnetic flux, and at the same time make the yoke windings energized in front of the N pole form a set Negative yoke flux.
  • the phase subtraction method of each number of the three-phase stator in the forward method and the reverse method of each number can choose one phase to be disconnected and not connected to the direct current. +b and -b disconnect the circuit without passing current. See Figure 6.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and three-phase inverters.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism form a three-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor, and the permanent magnet rotor adopts a five-pair pole-logarithmic permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator has six teeth, and the permanent magnet rotor has five pairs of pole pairs (ten poles).
  • Fig. 1 is the first step of each number forward method and each number reverse method.
  • Figure 2 is the second step of No. 1 forward method, and the sixth step of No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 3 is the second step of No. 1 reverse method, and the sixth step of No. 1 forward method.
  • Figure 4 is the second step of the No. 2 forward method, the fifth step of the No. 2 forward method, the third or sixth step of the No. 2 reverse method, the third step of the No. 1 forward method, and the fifth step of the No. 1 reverse method .
  • Figure 5 is the second step of the reverse method of No. 2, the fifth step of the reverse method of No. 2, the third or sixth step of the straight method of No. 2, the third step of the reverse method of No. 1, and the fifth step of the straight method of No. 1 .
  • Figure 6 is the first step of the phase subtraction method of No. 1 Shun method. When choosing the No.
  • each step the magnetic field of the stator rotates 60 degrees forward, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 12 degrees counterclockwise;
  • the stator magnetic field rotates forward by 120 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise by 24 degrees;
  • the No. 1 inverse method or its phase subtraction method is selected, the stator magnetic field rotates backward by 60 degrees at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates clockwise 12 degrees;
  • the No. 2 inverse method or its phase subtraction method is selected, the stator magnetic field rotates 120 degrees backward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 24 degrees clockwise.
  • the motor has two rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only one of the speeds is selected to become a single-speed rated speed motor.
  • stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a three-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use a pair of pole-logarithmic rotors, which is rated speed motor. Choose No. 1 forward method and No. 1 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 60 degrees at each step; choose No. 2 forward method and No. 2 inverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 120 degrees at each step.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a three-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a single-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the six-pole stator and the four-pole, eight-pole, and ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is a mature technology.
  • the rotor rotates 30 degrees at each step.
  • an eight-pole salient pole reluctance rotor rotates 15 degrees at each step.
  • a ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor the rotor rotates 12 degrees at each step.
  • the setting rules of the yoke windings are changed: the three sections of yoke windings arranged in sequence in front of the base S pole are changed to the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), and the second phase negative yoke winding (-b) and the third phase positive yoke winding (+c). Yoke winding (+b) and negative yoke winding (-c) of the third phase; see Figure 22. Compared with Figure 1, the direction of each section of the yoke winding in phase b is opposite.
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator has the number of Q pairs of poles, and the step distance of each step in the few-pole multi-speed method of each yoke is 1 of the above-mentioned step distances in embodiment 1. /Q times.
  • This can be used as a reference and supplement to Example 1.
  • Embodiment 2 A four-phase yoke winding with a pair of pole pairs and a few poles multi-speed DC stator, which is composed of a stator core and an armature winding, see Figure 7, together with the rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism and other components A four-phase yoke winding with few poles and multi-speed DC motor is formed.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the eight teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the eight-segment yoke connects the eight teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • a section of positive yoke winding and a section of negative yoke winding in the same phase are connected in parallel.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the armature winding is connected to 4-phase direct current according to the yoke-less-pole-multiple-speed method, and each energization cycle includes 8 steps, a total of 8 equal step times.
  • the yoke less pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method and No. 3 reverse method.
  • the No. 1 method is: Step 1, the base S pole is the S pole, the base N pole is the N pole, and the 4 phases are connected to direct current.
  • the current rule is that the current makes the 4 sections of the yoke windings in front of the S pole form a forward direction.
  • the simultaneous current of the yoke magnetic flux makes the 4 yoke windings in front of the N pole form a negative yoke magnetic flux; in each subsequent step (until the 8th step), the first tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, The first tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step, and the 4 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged; the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next power-on cycle starts; the step distance of each step is one step forward Polar distance.
  • the first step is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; for each subsequent step (until the eighth step), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth behind the N pole of the previous step One tooth is used as the N pole of this step, and the 4 phases are connected to DC, and the current rule remains unchanged; the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle starts; the step distance of each step is one pole center distance back.
  • the No. 2 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 8th step), the second tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 4 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next power-on cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is two pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the second tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 4 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next power cycle starts
  • the step distance of each step is two pole center distances backward.
  • the No. 3 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 8th step), the third tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the third tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the three teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 4 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next power-on cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is three pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 3 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the eighth step), the third tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the third tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the three teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 4 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next power cycle starts
  • the step distance of each step is three pole center distances backward.
  • the first step of No. 1 Shunfa is to feed positive current into phase a, phase b, phase c and phase d, see Figure 7
  • the second step is to feed positive current into phase b, phase c and phase d, and feed negative current to phase a.
  • the third step is to pass positive current into phase c and phase d, and negative current to phase a and b, see Figure 9;
  • the fourth step is to pass positive current into phase d, and phase a, b and c to connect Negative current input, see Figure 10;
  • step 5 is to pass negative current into phase a, phase b, phase c and phase d;
  • step 6 is to pass negative current into phase b, phase c and d, and pass positive current into phase a ;
  • the seventh step is to feed negative current into phase c and phase d, and feed positive current to phase a and phase b;
  • the 8th step is to feed positive current into phase a, phase b and phase c, and feed negative current to phase d;
  • Step 1 is the same, start the next power cycle.
  • the first step of the No. 2 shun method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 shun method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the c phase and the d phase, and the a negative current to the a phase and the b phase, see Figure 9; the third step is the a phase , phase b, phase c, and phase d are all fed with negative current; the fourth step is to feed positive current into phase a and phase b, and phase c and d to feed negative current; the fifth step is to feed phase a, phase b, phase c and Phase d is fed with positive current; step 6 is to feed negative current into phase a and b, and phase c and d are fed with positive current; step 7 is to feed negative current into phase a, phase b, phase c and phase d ; The eighth step is to feed positive current into phase a and b, and feed negative current into phase c and d; step 9 is the same as step 1, and starts the next power-on cycle.
  • the first step of the No. 3 Shunfa is the same as the first step of the No. 1 Shunfa; the second step is to pass the positive current into the d-phase, and the negative current to the a-phase, b-phase and c-phase, see Figure 10; the third step is a-phase Positive current is supplied to phase b, negative current is supplied to phase c and d; the fourth step is to supply positive current to phase b, phase c and d, and negative current to phase a; the fifth step is to supply phase a, phase b and phase c Negative current is passed into phase A and phase D; the sixth step is to pass positive current to phase a, phase b and phase c, and negative current to phase d; step 7 is to pass negative current to phase a and phase b, and phase c to phase d Positive current; step 8 is to pass positive current into phase a, and pass negative current into phase b, phase c and phase d; step 9 is the same as step 1, and the
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and four-phase inverters.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism and other components form a four-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor, see the motor in Figure 7, the stator has four phases, and the permanent magnet rotor There are three pairs of pole pairs (six poles).
  • the magnetic field of the stator rotates 45 degrees forward, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 45 degrees clockwise;
  • No. 2 forward method or its subtractive phase method each step, Rotate the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 90 degrees, the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 30 degrees counterclockwise; when choosing No.
  • the clockwise rotation is 15 degrees; when the No. 1 inverse method or its phase subtraction method is selected, the magnetic field of the stator rotates 45 degrees backward at each step, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise by 45 degrees; the No. 2 inverse method or its phase subtraction method is selected At each step, the magnetic field of the stator rotates 90 degrees backward, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 30 degrees clockwise; when the No. The pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 15 degrees counterclockwise. Under the condition that the time of each step is equal, the motor has three rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only some of the speeds can be selected to become two-speed rated speed motors or single-speed rated speed motors.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the poles, the supporting parts, the casing and the control mechanism and other components form a four-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor, and the permanent magnet rotor can also use ten poles or five pairs of pole pairs.
  • This motor is also a three-speed rated speed motor.
  • the stator magnetic field rotates forward 135 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 9 degrees counterclockwise. degrees; when the No. 1 inverse method or its phase subtraction method is selected, the stator magnetic field rotates 45 degrees backward at each step, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 27 degrees clockwise; when the No. 2 inverse method or its phase subtraction method is selected, each step , the stator magnetic field rotates backward by 90 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise by 18 degrees. Turn 9 degrees.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a four-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use a pair of pole-logarithmic rotors, which is three rated speed motor. Choose No. 1 forward method and No. 1 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 45 degrees at each step; choose No. 2 forward method and No. 2 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 90 degrees at each step; choose No. Inverse method, every step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 135 degrees.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a four-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a two-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the eight-pole stator and the six-pole and ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is a mature technology.
  • the motor starts using No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 3 forward method or No. 3 reverse method, and each step of No. 1 forward method or No.
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator has the number of Q pairs of poles, and the step distance of each step in the few-pole multi-speed method of each yoke is 1 of the above-mentioned step distances in embodiment 2. /Q times. This can be used as a reference and supplement to Example 2.
  • Embodiment 3 A pair of pole pairs and five-phase yoke windings with fewer poles and multi-speed DC stator, which is composed of stator core and armature winding, see Figure 11, together with the rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism and other components Composed of five-phase yoke winding less pole multi-speed DC motor.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the ten teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the ten segments of the yoke are connected to the ten teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • a section of positive yoke winding and a section of negative yoke winding in the same phase are connected in parallel.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the fifth tooth in front is the base N pole
  • 5 phases and 5 sections of positive yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence numbers, that is, the first phase positive yoke windings (+a), The 2nd phase positive yoke winding (+b), the 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), the 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d) and the 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e), in the base
  • the armature winding is connected to 5-phase direct current according to the yoke-less-pole-multiple-speed method, and each electrification cycle includes 10 steps, a total of 10 equal step times.
  • the yoke less pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method, No. 3 reverse method, No. 4 forward method and No. 4 reverse method, and there are 8 in total A method of feeding 5-phase direct current to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the No. 1 method is: Step 1, the base S pole is the S pole, the base N pole is the N pole, and the 5 phases are connected to direct current.
  • the current rule is that the current makes the 5-section yoke windings in front of the S pole form a forward direction.
  • the simultaneous current of the yoke magnetic flux makes the 5 sections of yoke windings in front of the N pole form a negative yoke magnetic flux; for each subsequent step (until the 10th step), the first tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, The first tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step, and the 5 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged; the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts; the step distance of each step is one step forward Polar distance.
  • the first step is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the tenth step), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth behind the N pole of the previous step One tooth is used as the N pole of this step, and the 5 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged; the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts; the step distance of each step is one pole center distance back.
  • the No. 2 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • the second tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 5 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts
  • the step distance of each step is two pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 10th step), the second tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as N poles in this step, and the 5 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is two pole center distances backward.
  • the No. 3 Shunfa is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 10th step), the third tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the third tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step
  • the three teeth are used as N poles in this step, and the 5 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is three pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 3 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the No. 4 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the tenth step), the fourth tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the fourth tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the four teeth are used as N poles in this step, and the 5 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is four pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 4 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the fourth tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the fourth tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the four teeth are used as N poles in this step, and the 5 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is four pole center distances backward.
  • the first step of the No. 1 Shun method is that phase a, phase b, phase c, phase d and phase e are all connected to positive current, see Figure 11;
  • the second step is that phase b, phase c, phase d and phase e are connected to positive current.
  • the first step of No. 1 reverse method is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass positive current into phase a, phase b, phase c and phase d, and pass into phase e negative current.
  • the first step of No. 2 forward method is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass positive current into phase c, d and e phases, and pass through negative current to phase a and b, see Figure 13.
  • No. 2 reverse method first step Step 1 is the same as step 1 of No. 1; the second step is to pass positive current into phase a, phase b and phase c, and pass negative current into phase d and phase e.
  • Step 1 is the same as step 1 of No. 1; the second step is to pass positive current into phase a and phase b, and pass negative current into phase c, phase d and phase e.
  • the first step of the No. 4 forward method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the e-phase, and the negative current into the a-phase, b-phase, c-phase and d-phase, see Figure 15.
  • Step 1 is the same as step 1 of No. 1; the second step is to pass positive current into phase a, and pass negative current into phase b, phase c, phase d and phase e.
  • Steps 3 to 10 can be deduced in the same way for each number of straight method and each number of reverse method.
  • phase subtraction method of the forward method and the reverse method of each number of the five-phase stator one phase, two phases or three phases are disconnected and no direct current is connected at each step.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and five-phase inverters.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing, control mechanism and other components form a five-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the stator has five phases, and the permanent magnet rotor has six poles (three pairs of pole pairs).
  • the magnetic field of the stator rotates 36 degrees forward, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 36 degrees clockwise;
  • No. 2 forward method or its subtractive phase method each step, Rotate the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 72 degrees, and the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 48 degrees counterclockwise; when choosing No. The clockwise rotation is 12 degrees; when the No.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the poles, the supporting parts, the casing and the control mechanism and other components form a five-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use fourteen poles, that is, seven pairs of pole pairs. , is a four-speed rated speed motor.
  • the magnetic field of the stator rotates 36 degrees forward, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise 15.4 degrees; , rotate the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 72 degrees, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates clockwise by 20.6 degrees; when choosing No.
  • the magnetic rotor rotates 5.1 degrees counterclockwise; when selecting the No. 4 forward method or its subtractive phase method, each step rotates the stator magnetic field to rotate 144 degrees forward, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 10.3 degrees counterclockwise; select No. 1 reverse method or In the phase subtraction method, each step rotates the stator magnetic field backward by 36 degrees, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates clockwise by 15.4 degrees; when selecting the No. 2 inverse method or its phase subtraction method, each step rotates the stator magnetic field backward Rotate 72 degrees, the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 20.6 degrees counterclockwise; when selecting the No.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a five-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use a pair of pole-logarithmic rotors. rated speed motor. Choose No. 1 forward method and No. 1 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 36 degrees at each step; choose No. 2 forward method and No. 2 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 72 degrees at each step; choose No. 3 forward method and No. 3 Inverse method, each step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 108 degrees; choose No. 4 forward method and No. 4 inverse method, each step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 144 degrees.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a five-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a two-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the ten-pole stator with the eight-pole and twelve-pole salient pole reluctance rotors is a mature technology.
  • use the No. 1 forward method or No. 4 reverse method for each step the octopole rotor rotates 9 degrees counterclockwise, and each step of the No. 1 reverse method or No.
  • the octopole rotor rotates 9 degrees clockwise, every step of No. 2 clockwise or No. 3 counterclockwise, the octopole rotor rotates 18 degrees counterclockwise, every step of No. 2 counterclockwise or No. 3 clockwise, the octopole rotor clockwise Turn 18 degrees.
  • the twelve-pole rotor rotates 6 degrees clockwise, and each step of No. 1 reverse method or No. 4 forward method, twelve The pole rotor rotates 6 degrees counterclockwise, every step of No. 2 clockwise or No. The hour hand turns 12 degrees.
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator has the number of Q pairs of poles, and the step distance of each step in the few-pole multi-speed method of each yoke is 1 of the above-mentioned step distances in embodiment 3. /Q times.
  • This can be used as a reference and supplement to Example 3.
  • Embodiment 4 A six-phase yoke winding with a pair of pole pairs and a few poles multi-speed DC stator, which is composed of a stator core and an armature winding, see Figure 16, together with components such as the rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control mechanism A six-phase yoke winding with few poles and multi-speed DC motor is formed.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required so that the twelve teeth are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the twelve segments of the yoke connect the twelve teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • a section of positive yoke winding and a section of negative yoke winding in the same phase are connected in parallel.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the armature winding is connected to 6-phase direct current according to the yoke-less-pole-multiple-speed method, and each electrification cycle includes 12 steps, a total of 12 equal step times.
  • the yoke less pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method, No. 3 reverse method, No. 4 forward method, No. 4 reverse method, and No. 5 forward method
  • the method and the No. 5 inverse method are a total of 10 methods of feeding 6-phase direct current to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the No. 1 method is: Step 1, the base S pole is the S pole, the base N pole is the N pole, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current.
  • the current rule is that the current makes the 6 sections of the yoke windings in front of the S pole form a forward direction.
  • the simultaneous current of the yoke magnetic flux makes the 6 sections of yoke windings in front of the N pole form a negative yoke magnetic flux; each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the first tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, The first tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged; the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next power-on cycle starts; the step distance of each step is one step forward Polar distance.
  • the first step is shown in Figure 16.
  • the reverse method of No. 1 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; for each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as this step S The first tooth behind the N pole in the previous step is used as the N pole in this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged; the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle begins; the step distance of each step is Step back one polar distance.
  • the No. 2 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the second tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the first tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as N poles in this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is two pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 2 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the second tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the two teeth are used as N poles in this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is two pole center distances backward.
  • the No. 3 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the third tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the third tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the three teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts
  • the step distance of each step is three pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 3 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the third tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the third tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the three teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged; the 13th step is the same as the first step, and the next power cycle starts; the step distance of each step is three pole center distances backward.
  • the No. 4 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the fourth tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the fourth tooth in front of the N pole of the previous step
  • the four teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts
  • the step distance of each step is four pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 4 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the fourth tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the fourth tooth behind the N pole of the previous step
  • the four teeth are used as N poles in this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is four pole center distances backward.
  • the No. 5 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), the fifth tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the fifth tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step
  • the five teeth are used as the N poles of this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts
  • the step distance of each step is five pole center distances.
  • the reverse method of No. 5 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • the fifth tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step
  • the fifth tooth behind the N pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step.
  • the five teeth serve as the N poles of this step, and the 6 phases are connected to direct current, and the current rule remains unchanged
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts
  • the step distance of each step is five pole center distances backward.
  • the second step is to pass positive current into phase c, d, e and f phases, and pass negative current into phase a and b, see Figure 18.
  • the first step of the inverse method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to feed positive current into phase a, phase b, phase c and phase d, and feed negative current into phase e and phase f.
  • the first step of the No. 3 shun method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 shun method; the second step is to feed positive current into phase d, e phase and f phase, and feed negative current into phase a, b phase and c phase, see Figure 19.
  • the first step of the inverse method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to feed positive current into phase a, phase b and phase c, and feed negative current into phase d, phase e and phase f.
  • the first step of No. 4 shun method is the same as the first step of No. 1 shun method; the second step is to feed positive current into phase e and phase f, and feed negative current into phase a, b, c and d, see Figure 20.
  • No. 4 The first step of the inverse method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to feed positive current into phase a and phase b, and feed negative current into phase c, phase d, phase e and phase f.
  • the first step of the No. 5 shun method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 shun method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the f phase, and pass the negative current into the a phase, b phase, c phase, d phase and e phase, see Figure 21.
  • the first step of the inverse method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass the positive current into the a phase, and pass the negative current into the b phase, the c phase, the d phase, the e phase and the f phase.
  • Steps 3 to 12 can be deduced in the same way for each number of straight method and each number of reverse method. For the phase subtraction method of the forward method and the reverse method of each number of the six-phase stator, one phase, two phases, three phases or four phases are disconnected and no direct current is connected at each step.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and six-phase inverters.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the poles, the supporting parts, the casing, the control mechanism and other components form a six-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the stator has six phases, and the permanent magnet rotor has ten poles (five pairs of pole pairs).
  • the magnetic field of the stator rotates 30 degrees forward, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 30 degrees clockwise; when the No.
  • each step Rotate the stator magnetic field to rotate 60 degrees forward, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 12 degrees counterclockwise; when choosing No. Rotate 18 degrees clockwise; choose No. 4 forward method or its phase subtraction method, each step, turn the stator magnetic field to rotate forward 120 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise 24 degrees; choose No. 5 forward method or its subtraction method
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator rotates 150 degrees forward, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 6 degrees clockwise; when the No.
  • the pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 30 degrees counterclockwise; when the No.
  • each step rotates the stator magnetic field backward by 90 degrees, and the ten-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise by 18 degrees; when selecting No. 4 inverse method or its phase subtraction method, each step rotates the stator magnetic field backward Rotate 120 degrees, the six-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 24 degrees clockwise; when the No.
  • the motor has five rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only some of the speeds can be selected to be four-speed rated speed motors, three-speed rated speed motors, two-speed rated speed motors or single-speed rated speed motors.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the poles, the supporting parts, the casing and the control mechanism and other components form a five-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use fourteen poles, that is, seven pairs of pole pairs. It is a five-speed rated speed motor.
  • the magnetic field of the stator rotates 30 degrees forward, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 21.4 degrees counterclockwise; , turning the stator magnetic field forward 60 degrees, the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 8.6 degrees clockwise; when choosing No.
  • the magnetic rotor rotates 12.9 degrees counterclockwise; when selecting the No.
  • each step rotates the stator magnetic field and rotates 120 degrees forward, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 17.1 degrees clockwise; select No. 5 clockwise or In the phase subtraction method, each step rotates the stator magnetic field forward by 150 degrees, and the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates counterclockwise by 4.3 degrees; when the No. 1 inverse method or its phase subtraction method is selected, each step rotates the stator magnetic field backward Rotate 30 degrees, the fourteen-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates 21.4 degrees clockwise; when the No.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a six-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet rotor can also use a pair of pole-logarithmic rotors. rated speed motor. Choose No. 1 forward method and No. 1 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 30 degrees at each step; choose No. 2 forward method and No. 2 reverse method, and the permanent magnet rotor will rotate 60 degrees at each step; choose No. 3 forward method and No. 3 Inverse method, each step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 90 degrees; choose No. 4 forward method, No. 4 reverse method, each step, the permanent magnet rotor rotates 120 degrees; choose No. 5 forward method, No. 5 reverse method, each step, the permanent magnet The rotor turns 150 degrees.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, housing, control mechanism and other components form a six-phase yoke winding few-pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a three-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the twelve-pole stator with the ten-pole and fourteen-pole salient pole reluctance rotors is a mature technology.
  • the motor can be started in eight ways, namely: use No. 1 forward method or No. 5 reverse method for each step, the ten-pole rotor rotates 6 degrees counterclockwise, No. 1 reverse method or No. 5 reverse method For each step of No.
  • the ten-pole rotor rotates 6 degrees clockwise. For each step of No. 2 clockwise or No. 4 counterclockwise, the ten-pole rotor rotates 12 degrees counterclockwise. For each step of No. 2 counterclockwise or No. 4 clockwise, The ten-pole rotor rotates 12 degrees clockwise.
  • the salient pole reluctance rotor maintains the original rotation direction by inertia, and can be switched to use two methods to achieve the third rated speed, that is, using No. 3 forward method or No. 3 inverse method for each step, the ten pole column rotor rotates 18 Spend.
  • the motor can be started in eight ways, namely: using the No. 1 forward method or No. 5 reverse method for each step, the fourteen-pole rotor rotates 4.3 degrees clockwise, and the No. 1 reverse method Or for each step of No. 5 clockwise, the fourteen-pole rotor rotates 4.3 degrees counterclockwise; for each step of No. 2 clockwise or No. For each step of the method, the fourteen-pole rotor rotates 8.6 degrees counterclockwise.
  • the salient pole reluctance rotor maintains the original rotation direction by inertia, and can be switched to two methods to achieve the third rated speed, namely: each step of No. 3 forward method or No. 3 inverse method, the twelve-pole rotor rotates 12.9 Spend.
  • the magnetic field of the rotating stator has the number of Q pairs of poles, and the step distance of each step in the few-pole multi-speed method of each yoke is 1 of the above-mentioned step distances in embodiment 4. /Q times. This can be used as a reference and supplement to Example 4.
  • the pole arc, tooth width, tooth height (extremely high), tooth shape, yoke thickness, wire diameter, number of turns, detailed properties of the rotor and detailed properties of the control mechanism of the stator are not shown.
  • the optimization selection of these indicators adopts mature technology.

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Abstract

轭绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机，特征是：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，按轭部绕组设置规则分段设置。按轭少极多速法通入多相直流电，形成变化的轭部磁通、聚集形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，驱动转子以多种额定转速运行。

Description

轭绕组少极多速直流定子 技术领域
本发明涉及一种直流无刷电机的定子。具体是各相电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置；按轭少极多速法通入多相直流电，各段轭部绕组形成轭部磁通，聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，多种步进距离的变化磁极形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，可以驱动转子。这就是轭绕组少极多速直流定子。
背景技术
电机由定子、转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。电机一般是圆柱状转子位于电机中心内部、圆环状定子位于外部包围转子，这是内转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术可以实现圆柱状定子位于电机中心内部，圆环状转子位于外部包围定子，这是外转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现盘状定子位于电机一侧，盘状转子位于电机另一侧，定子与转子轴向相对的轴向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现线状定子与线状转子相对平行运动的直线电机。所述拓扑技术是成熟技术。电机都努力提高效率，增加功能。改进电机的关键部件定子，就可以改进电机。传统直流无刷电机中的定子，传统开关磁阻电机的定子，其转动定子磁场只有一种转速，功能不丰富。本发明提出：1，电枢绕组采用轭部绕组，2，采用轭少极多速法通入多相直流电，调整通电时每一步的步进距离，就可以在直流无刷电机定子上形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，使电机具有多种额定速度，增加了电机功能。所述多相直流电是每相电流电势在每步步长时间中稳定的直流电，包括正电流和负电流，通常是矩形电流、形成梯形气隙磁通。例如电子控制器管理的直流电、逆变器产生的直流电等，均为成熟技术。控制多相直流电采用成熟技术，例如阶梯控制、电流控制、转矩控制、最优效率控制、超前相角控制、无位置传感器控制等。
本发明提出的轭绕组少极多速直流定子，具体是多相电枢绕组采用轭部绕组、按轭少极多速法通入多相直流电，转动定子磁场具有多种转速的直流无刷定子。通过改进定子来改进电机，增加电机功能。电机行业需要轭绕组少极多速直流定子。
发明内容
本发明轭绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。可以与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机。所述组成电机为成熟技术。特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕轭部绕制形成轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，按轭少极多速法通入多相直流电， 形成变化的轭部磁通、形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的转动定子磁场。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术，采用高磁通材料制造。例如采用硅钢、层叠硅钢等制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使各个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向内朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，轭部连接各个齿部形成定子铁芯。设的定子电枢绕组相数为P，P为不小于3的自然数，定子铁芯有2*Q*P个齿部、有2*Q*P段轭部，Q是定子极对数，Q为自然数。定子铁芯齿部又称定子极柱，定子极柱数等于定子铁芯的齿部数。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方、为前进方向，逆时针方向为后方、为后退方向。
电枢绕组是通入P相直流电形成变化的轭部磁通、形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速的转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括P相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部按相序编号分段设置。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为第一基S极，前方第P个齿部是第一基N极，前方第2*P个齿部是第二基S极，前方第3*P个齿部是第二基N极，如此类推直至第Q基S极和第Q基N极；在每个基S极的前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段正轭部绕组，在每个基N极前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段负轭部绕组，就设置了2*Q*P段轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组的电线和匝数等内容相同。每相中各段轭部绕组之间的连接方式，包括串联连接、并联连接和混合连接等，均采用电机行业的成熟技术。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定，所述轭部定向方法如下：平行于转子运动方向选定一个定子铁芯截面，设该截面图中顺时针方向为轭部磁通正向，即当轭部磁通的N极方向顺时针时该段轭部磁通为正向轭部磁通，当轭部磁通的N极方向逆时针时该段轭部磁通为负向轭部磁通。按右手螺旋定则，通入正电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组，通入正电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，通入负电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，通入负电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组通入直流电有三种状态，一是通入电流，形成正向轭部磁通，二是通入电流，形成负向轭部磁通，三是断开回路不通入电流，形成无轭部磁通段但不阻止轭部磁通通过。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，形成一组轭部磁通；中间夹有无轭部磁通段的两段同向轭部磁通也相互串联，形成一组轭部磁通；前方和后方都是异向轭部磁通的一段轭部磁通本身就是一组轭部磁通；每组轭部磁通有头部N端和尾部S端。轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚集法是：不同组的异向轭部磁通相互聚集，即N端与N端聚集，S端与S端聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，N轭部磁通最邻近的齿部形成N极，S轭部磁通最邻近的齿部形成S极。随着通入直流电每步变化，变化的磁极形成变化的转动定子磁场。N极是北极，S极是南极，*是乘号，/是除号，+是正号、加号，-是负号、减号。所述各电枢绕组的相序编号是成熟技术，通常以 小写英文字母顺序表示。
电枢绕组按轭少极多速法通入P相直流电，每一个通电周期包括2*P步，共2*P个相等的步长时间。每步通入的电流都与定子和转子的相对位置相关，选择每步开始与结束时机、选择直流电导通与关闭时间、选择电相位角度采用成熟技术。成熟技术包括在电机中设置传感器，获得每步位置信号，信号提供给电子控制器从而控制多相逆变器供给各相的电流。每一步通入电流，使转子转动一个步进距离后，开始下一步通入电流。电机启动可以从任何一步开始，并不必须从第一步开始。轭少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、如此类推直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法，一共是2*(P-1)种通入P相直流电形成多种转速转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以每个基S极为这一步S极，以每个基N极为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使每个S极前方P段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使每个N极前方P段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。后面的m号顺法和m号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为m个极心距；直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为(P-1)个极心距。在每一种轭少极多速法的每一步中，电流规则不变，但每一步各段轭部绕组具体通入的电流不一样。所述电流使某段轭部绕组形成负向轭部磁通，当该段轭部绕组为正轭部绕组时就是使其通入负电流，当该段轭部绕组为负轭部绕组时就是使其通入正电流。所述电流使某段轭部绕组形成正向轭部磁通，当该段轭部绕组为正轭部绕组时就是使其通入正电流，当该段轭部绕组为负轭部绕组时就是使其通入负电流。轭少极多速法每一步的核心，是通过具体通入的电流使各段轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通按前述聚集法在各S极和各N极形成步进距离 正确的变化磁极。当需要减小通入定子电枢绕组的能量功率时，可以采用传统的减小每一步通入直流电幅值的方法，这是成熟技术；还可采用减少每一步通入直流电的相数的方法，这是轭少极多速法特有的减相法，减相法也属于轭少极多速法。轭少极多速法的各号顺法和各号逆法的减相法是：每一步，保证S极前方一相的两段轭部绕组和S极后方一相的两段轭部绕组通入直流电，其余相均可以选择断开电路、不通入电流；电流规则是电流使S极前方通电的各轭部绕组形成一组正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方通电的各轭部绕组形成一组负向轭部磁通。三相定子的减相法可以选择每一步减少一相通入直流电，四相定子的减相法可以选择每一步减少一相至二相通入直流电，五相定子的减相法可以选择每一步减少一相至三相通入直流电，多相定子的减相法依此类推。
如上所述，m号顺法每一步使转动定子磁场以m号转速顺时针转动m个极心距，m号逆法每一步使转动定子磁场以m号转速逆时针转动m个极心距，m是自然数，m最大等于(P-1)。所述极心距是相邻的两个定子齿部顶部中心之间的弧度。每一步转动定子磁场转动m个极心距，就是定子磁场每一步步进距离为m个极心距。同按轭少极多速法的1号顺法通入直流电形成转动定子磁场，当定子极对数为Q时每步步进距离，是定子极对数为1时每步步进距离的1/Q倍。在每一步步长时间相同的条件下，本发明定子选择采用各号顺法和各号逆法之一可以形成具有Q对极对数的具有各种速度之一的转动定子磁场，可以驱动转子以各种转速之一的额定转速转动。转动定子磁场有(P-1)种速度(绝对值)，与永磁转子组成的电机具有(P-1)种额定转速(绝对值)；与凸极磁阻转子组成的电机具有(P/2)种的额定转速，其中(P/2)的值取整数。具体参见各实施例。
在轭部绕组设置规则中，把任一相的两段轭部绕组均改为方向相反的轭部绕组；在轭少极多速法的每一种通电方式的每一步中，把该相通入的原直流电对应改为方向相反的直流电，则本发明不变。
三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子的1号顺法的电流波形参见图23，图中t横坐标0至1区间对应的是第1步，1至2区间对应的是第2步。a相电枢绕组第1步通入的正电流用横坐标上方粗线段示意，第2步通入的负电流用横坐标下方粗线段示意。正电流与负电流之间一般有一小段不通电的间隔，便于正电流与负电流之间的转换。正电流与正电流之间、负电流与负电流之间可以有一小段间隔，这样省电。正电流与正电流之间、负电流与负电流之间可以没有间隔，这样节约控制机构中开关电路的动作。本发明各实施例讲述的都是轭绕组少极多速直流定子组成的一对极对数定子的电机，本发明还包括多对极对数定子的电机；从一对极对数定子电机推导多对极对数定子电机是业内成熟技术。本发明各实施例讲述的都是一个定子与一个转子匹配的电机，本发明还包括双定子与一个转子匹配的电机、双转子与一个定子 匹配的电机；推导双定子电机、双转子电机是业内成熟技术。
转子包括永磁转子和凸极磁阻转子，采用其中之一作为转子。其中永磁转子的极对数为单数，凸极磁阻转子的齿部数等于定子齿部数加二或减二。例如：一对极对数的三相定子匹配的永磁转子是一对、五对或七对极对数；一对极对数的四相定子匹配的永磁转子是一对、三对、五对或七对极对数，匹配的凸极磁阻转子是六齿部或十齿部；一对极对数的五相定子匹配的永磁转子是一对、三对或七对极对数，匹配的凸极磁阻转子是八齿部或十二齿部；一对极对数的六相定子匹配的永磁转子是一对、五对或七对极对数，匹配的凸极磁阻转子是十齿部或十四齿部；一对极对数的P相定子匹配的永磁转子和匹配的凸极磁阻转子依此类推。控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和多相逆变器组成。所述转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
轭绕组少极多速直流定子，与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机。轭绕组少极多速直流定子，与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成轭绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机。
图1至图6是一对极对数的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配十极永磁转子。图1是三相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步。图2是三相1号顺法第2步、1号逆法第6步，图3是三相1号逆法第2步、1号顺法第6步，图4是三相2号顺法第2步或第5步、2号逆法第3步或第6步、1号顺法第3步、1号逆法第5步，图5是三相2号逆法第2步或第5步、2号顺法第3步或第6步、1号逆法第3步、1号顺法第5步，图6是三相各号顺法、各号逆法的减相法第1步。图7是四相轭绕组少极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配六极永磁转子。图7是四相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图8是四相1号顺法第2步、1号逆法第8步，图9是四相2号顺法第2步或第6步、2号逆法第4步或第8步、1号顺法第3步、1号逆法第7步，图10是四相3号顺法第2步、3号逆法第8步、1号顺法第4步、1号逆法第6步。图11是五相轭绕组少极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配八齿部凸极磁阻转子；图11是五相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图12是五相1号顺法第2步，图13是五相2号顺法第2步，图14是五相3号顺法第2步，图15是五相4号顺法第2步。图16是六相轭绕组少极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配十极永磁转子；图16是六相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图17是六相1号顺法第2步，图18是六相2号顺法第2步，图19是六相3号顺法第2步，图20是六相4号顺法第2步，图21是六相5号顺法第2步。另一种轭部绕组设置规则的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子的剖面图参见图22，图22所示是另一种三相各号顺法或各号逆法第1步，其中b相两段轭部绕组与图1中的b相两段轭部绕组方向相反，改变后的轭少极多速法中b相通入的电流与原轭少极多速法b相通入的电流方向相反，各轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通与图1中各轭部绕组形成 的轭部磁通相同。本发明不变。
传统无刷直流电机的定子，各相电枢绕组均围绕定子铁芯齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，各齿部绕组直接形成变化的磁极最终形成转动定子磁场，每步电枢绕组通电率不高，只有一种步进距离，组成的电机只有一种额定转速。轭绕组少极多速直流定子，各相电枢绕组围绕定子铁芯轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，创新了定子结构；各轭部绕组形成轭部磁通聚集形成磁极最终形成转动定子磁场，创新了定子磁场运行机制；通入直流电采用轭少极多速法，电枢绕组通电率最高达100％，提高了通电率，提高了电机效率；轭少极多速法可以采用特有的减相法，增加了功率控制方法；采用轭绕组少极多速法，可有多种步进距离，组成的电机有多种额定转速，增加了电机功能。轭绕组少极多速直流定子，有益之处还在于：由于轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚磁效应，形成定子磁场的效率较高。由于在同一段轭部上只有同向的轭部绕组，没有异向轭部绕组，不相互干扰，效率较高。由于轭部绕组中平行于电机轴的部分只有一半设置在槽中，需要槽的深度较浅，齿部的高度较矮，自重较轻。本发明创新了电机定子的结构，改进了电机效率，改进了通电方法，增加了功能。在此之前没有相同的电机。
所述定子铁芯、高磁通材料、轭部、齿部、极柱、齿部高度、槽的深度、磁极、聚集、转动定子磁场和极对数均为成熟技术。所述电线、绕组、绕制、电枢绕组、齿部绕组、正极、负极、连接、步长、极心距、弧度、凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子均为成熟技术。
附图说明
图1是一对极对数的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例1示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图2是一对极对数的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图3是一对极对数的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之三，是1号逆法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图4是一对极对数的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之四，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图5是一对极对数的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之五，是2号逆法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图6是一对极对数的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之六，是各号顺法、各号逆法的减相法第1步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图7是一对极对数的四相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例2示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c，+d,-a,-b,-c和-d)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有三对极对数，5为绝缘体，6为永磁体。
图8是一对极对数的四相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有三对极对数，5为绝缘体，6为永磁体。
图9是一对极对数的四相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之三，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有三对极对数，5为绝缘体，6为永磁体。
图10是一对极对数的四相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有三对极对数，5为绝缘体，6为永磁体。
图11是一对极对数的五相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例3示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十齿部，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图12是一对极对数的五相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之二，是1号顺法第1步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十齿部，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图13是一对极对数的五相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之三，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十齿部，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图14是一对极对数的五相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e) 共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十齿部，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图15是一对极对数的五相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之五，是4号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十齿部，4为凸极磁阻转子，有八齿部。
图16是一对极对数的六相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例4示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十二齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图17是一对极对数的六相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十二齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图18是一对极对数的六相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之三，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十二齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图19是一对极对数的六相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十二齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图20是一对极对数的六相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之五，是4号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十二齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图21是一对极对数的六相轭绕组少极多速直流定子及匹配的转子剖面之六，是5号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，有十二齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图22是另一种轭部绕组设置规则的一对极对数三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子的剖面图，也是实施例1的参考图。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,-b,+c,-a,+b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体。
图23是三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子的轭少极多速法的1号顺法电流波形图，图中三相 分三个坐标，横坐标为步长时间t，纵坐标为电流i。
各图中，大括号指示各轭部绕组的相位序号，相位序号是绕组标示的成熟技术，各轭部绕组以少数匝数电线示意，实际电线匝数按实际需要设置。电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等未画出。在轭少极多速法第某步时各轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通方向如该轭部中所画箭头所示，轭部磁通聚集形成的磁极如图中定子齿部的S和N所示。各转子永磁体的N极方向如磁体中所画箭头所示，图2、图3、图4、图5、图8、图9、图10、图12、图13、图14、图16、图17、图18、图19、图20和图21中的转子位置可忽略。各部件只示意相互关系，未反映实际尺寸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一对极对数的三相轭绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图1，与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相轭绕组少极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使六个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，六段轭部连接六个齿部形成定子铁芯。
每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。同相的一段正轭部绕组与一段负轭部绕组之间为并联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组，本实施例P＝3，Q＝1；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基S极，前方第3个齿部是基N极；在基S极前方按相序编号依次设置3相共3段正轭部绕组，即第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)和第3相正轭部绕组(+c)，在基N极前方按相序编号依次设置3相共3段负轭部绕组，即第1相负轭部绕组(-a)、第2相负轭部绕组(-b)和第3相负轭部绕组(-c)，就设置了6段轭部绕组。
电枢绕组按轭少极多速法通入3相直流电，每一个通电周期包括6步，共6个相等的步长时间。轭少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法和2号逆法，一共是4种通入3相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以基S极为这一步S极，以基N极为这一步N极，3相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极前方3段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方3段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通；以后每一步(直至第6步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，3相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进 距离为前进一个极心距。其第1步、第2步和第3步参见图1、图2和图4。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，3相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。其第1步、第2步和第3步参见图1、图3和图5。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，3相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。其第1步和第2步参见图1和图4。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，以上一步S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，3相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。其第1步和第2步参见图1和图5。例如1号顺法第1步是a相、b相和c相均通入正电流；第2步是b相和c相通入正电流，a相通入负电流；第3步是c相通入正电流，a相和b相通入负电流；第4步是a相、b相和c相均通入负电流；第5步是a相通入正电流，b相和c相通入负电流；第6步是a相和b相通入正电流，c相通入负电流；第7步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。又例如2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相通入正电流，a相和b相通入负电流；第3步是a相通入正电流，b相和c相通入负电流；第4步是a相、b相和c相均通入正电流；第5步是c相通入正电流，a相和b相通入负电流；第6步是a相通入正电流，b相和c相通入负电流；第7步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。1号逆法和2号逆法可依此类推。当需要减小通入定子电枢绕组的能量功率时，可采用减少每一步通入直流电的相数的方法，就是轭少极多速法特有的减相法，减相法也属于轭少极多速法。轭少极多速法的各号顺法和各号逆法的减相法是：每一步，保证S极前方一相的两段轭部绕组和后方一相的两段轭部绕组通入电流，其余相均可以选择断开电路、不通入电流；电流规则是使S极前方通电的各轭部绕组形成一组正向轭部磁通同时使N极前方通电的各轭部绕组形成一组负向轭部磁通。三相定子各号顺法、各号逆法的减相法可以选择每一步有一相断开不通入直流电，例如1号顺法的减相法第1步可选择b相的两段轭部绕组+b和-b断开电路不通入电流。参见图6。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和三相逆变器组成。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子采用五对极对数永磁转子。参见图1至图6的电机，图中定子有六齿部，永磁转子有五对极对数(十极)。图1是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步。图2是1 号顺法第2步，是1号逆法第6步。图3是1号逆法第2步，是1号顺法第6步。图4是2号顺法第2步，是2号顺法第5步，是2号逆法第3步或第6步，是1号顺法第3步，是1号逆法第5步。图5是2号逆法第2步，是2号逆法第5步，是2号顺法第3步或第6步，是1号逆法第3步，是1号顺法第5步。图6是1号顺法的减相法第1步。选择1号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动60度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动12度；选择2号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动120度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动24度；选择1号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动60度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动12度；选择2号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动120度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动24度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有两种绝对值不同的额定转速，显然只选择其中一种转速就成为单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用一对极对数转子，是二速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法、1号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动60度；选择2号顺法、2号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动120度。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相轭绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机，是单速额定转速电机。六极柱定子与四极柱、八极柱、十极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。采用四极柱凸极磁阻转子时，每一步，转子转动30度。采用八极凸极磁阻转子时，每一步，转子转动15度。采用十极凸极磁阻转子时，每一步，转子转动12度。
当轭部绕组设置规则改变时，轭少极多速法相应改变。本实施例的另一种匹配如下，轭部绕组设置规则改为：在基S极前方依次设置的3段轭部绕组改为第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相负轭部绕组(-b)和第3相正轭部绕组(+c)，在基N极前方依次设置的3段轭部绕组改为第1相负轭部绕组(-a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)和第3相负轭部绕组(-c)；参见图22，图22与图1相比，b相各段轭部绕组的方向相反。相应的轭少极多速法的每一步中b相通入的电流改为相反的电流。本实施例不变。对比图1和图22，形成的各轭部磁通不变，聚集形成的磁极不变，转动定子磁场不变。
如果把本实施例定子极柱数改为2*Q*3，转动定子磁场具有Q对极对数，各轭少极多速法每一步步进距离是实施例1上述各步进距离的1/Q倍。这可作为实施例1的参考和补充。
实施例2：一对极对数的四相轭绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图7，与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相轭绕组少极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使八个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，八段轭部连接八个齿部形成定子铁芯。
每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。同相的一段正轭部绕组与一段负轭部绕组之间为并联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组，本实施例P＝4，Q＝1；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基S极，前方第4个齿部是基N极；在基S极的前方按相序编号依次设置4相共4段正轭部绕组，即第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)和第4相正轭部绕组(+d)，在基N极前方按相序编号依次设置4相共4段负轭部绕组，即第1相负轭部绕组(-a)、第2相负轭部绕组(-b)、第3相负轭部绕组(-c)和第4相负轭部绕组(-d)，这样就设置了8段轭部绕组。
电枢绕组按轭少极多速法通入4相直流电，每一个通电周期包括8步，共8个相等的步长时间。轭少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法和3号逆法，一共是6种通入4相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以基S极为这一步S极，以基N极为这一步N极，4相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极前方4段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方4段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，4相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，4相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，4相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，4相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极前方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，4相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进三个极心距。3号逆法是： 第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，以上一步S极后方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，4相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退三个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相、b相、c相和d相均通入正电流，参见图7；第2步是b相、c相和d相通入正电流，a相通入负电流，参见图8；第3步是c相和d相通入正电流，a相和b相通入负电流，参见图9；第4步是d相通入正电流，a相、b相和c相通入负电流，参见图10；第5步是a相、b相、c相和d相均通入负电流；第6步是b相、c相和d相通入负电流，a相通入正电流；第7步是c相和d相通入负电流，a相和b相通入正电流；第8步是a相、b相和c相通入正电流，d相通入负电流；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期。又例如2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相和d相通入正电流，a相和b相通入负电流，参见图9；第3步是a相、b相、c相和d相均通入负电流；第4步是a相和b相通入正电流，c相和d相通入负电流；第5步是a相、b相、c相和d相均通入正电流；第6步是a相和b相通入负电流，c相和d相通入正电流；第7步是a相、b相、c相和d相均通入负电流；第8步是a相和b相通入正电流，c相和d相通入负电流；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期。再例如3号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是d相通入正电流，a相、b相和c相通入负电流，参见图10；第3步是a相和b相通入正电流，c相和d相通入负电流；第4步是b相、c相和d相通入正电流，a相通入负电流；第5步是a相、b相、c相和d相均通入负电流；第6步是a相、b相和c相通入正电流，d相通入负电流；第7步是a相和b相通入负电流，c相和d相通入正电流；第8步是a相通入正电流，b相、c相和d相通入负电流；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期。四相定子各号顺法、各号逆法的减相法可以选择每一步有一相或二相断开不通入直流电。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和四相逆变器组成。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，参见图7中的电机，定子有四相，永磁转子有三对极对数(六极)。选择1号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动45度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动45度；选择2号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动90度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动30度；选择3号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动135度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动15度；选择1号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动45度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动45度；选择2号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动90度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动30度；选择3号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动135度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动15度。在每一步步长时间相等的条 件下，该电机具有三种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择其中部分转速成为两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用十极即五对极对数，该电机也是三速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动45度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动27度；选择2号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动90度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动18度；选择3号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动135度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动9度；选择1号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动45度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动27度；选择2号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动90度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动18度；选择3号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动135度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动9度。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用一对极对数转子，是三速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法、1号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动45度；选择2号顺法、2号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动90度；选择3号顺法、3号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动135度。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相轭绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机，这是二速额定转速电机。八极柱定子与六极柱、十极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。采用六极柱凸极磁阻转子时，电机启动采用1号顺法、1号逆法、3号顺法或3号逆法，1号顺法或3号逆法每一步，六极柱转子逆时针转动15度，1号逆法或3号顺法每一步，六极柱转子顺时针转动15度。电机启动后可以切换到采用2号顺法或2号逆法形成第二额定转速，转子依靠惯性继续维持原转动方向而转速加倍，2号顺法或2号逆法每一步，六极柱转子转动30度。采用十极凸极磁阻转子时，电机启动采用1号顺法、1号逆法、3号顺法或3号逆法，1号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十极柱转子顺时针转动9度，1号逆法或3号顺法每一步，十极柱转子逆时针转动9度。电机启动后可以切换到采用2号顺法或2号逆法形成第二额定转速，转子依靠惯性继续维持原转动方向而转速加倍，2号顺法或2号逆法每一步，十极柱转子转动18度。
如果把本实施例定子极柱数改为2*Q*4，转动定子磁场具有Q对极对数，各轭少极多速法每一步步进距离是实施例2上述各步进距离的1/Q倍。这可作为实施例2的参考和补充。
实施例3：一对极对数的五相轭绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图11，与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组少极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十段轭部连接十个齿部形成定子铁芯。
每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。同相的一段正轭部绕组与一段负轭部绕组之间为并联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组，本实施例P＝5，Q＝1；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基S极，前方第5个齿部是基N极；在基S极前方按相序编号依次设置5相共5段正轭部绕组，即第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)和第5相正轭部绕组(+e)，在基N极前方按相序编号依次设置5相共5段负轭部绕组，即第1相负轭部绕组(-a)、第2相负轭部绕组(-b)、第3相负轭部绕组(-c)、第4相负轭部绕组(-d)和第5相负轭部绕组(-e)，就设置了10段轭部绕组。
电枢绕组按轭少极多速法通入5相直流电，每一个通电周期包括10步，共10个相等的步长时间。轭少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法、3号逆法、4号顺法和4号逆法，一共是8种通入5相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以基S极为这一步S极，以基N极为这一步N极，5相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极前方5段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方5段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，5相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，5相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，5相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，5相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极前方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，5 相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进三个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极后方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，5相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退三个极心距。4号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极前方第四个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第四个齿部作为这一步N极，5相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进四个极心距。4号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，以上一步S极后方第四个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第四个齿部作为这一步N极，5相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退四个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相、b相、c相、d相和e相均通入正电流，参见图11；第2步是b相、c相、d相和e相通入正电流，a相通入负电流，参见图12。1号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相、b相、c相和d相通入正电流，e相通入负电流。2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相、d相和e相通入正电流，a相和b相通入负电流，参见图13。2号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相、b相和c相通入正电流，d相和e相通入负电流。3号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是d相和e相通入正电流，a相、b相和c相通入负电流，参见图14。3号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相和b相通入正电流，c相、d相和e相通入负电流。4号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是e相通入正电流，a相、b相、c相和d相通入负电流，参见图15。4号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相通入正电流，b相、c相、d相和e相通入负电流。各号顺法、各号逆法的第3步至第10步可依此类推。五相定子各号顺法、各号逆法的减相法可以选择每一步有一相、二相或三相断开不通入直流电。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和五相逆变器组成。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机。定子有五相，永磁转子有六极(三对极对数)。选择1号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动36度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动36度；选择2号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动72度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动48度；选择3号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动108度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动12度；选择4号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动144度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动24度；选择1号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动36度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动36度；选择2号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转 动72度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动48度；选择3号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动108度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动12度；选择4号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动144度，六极永磁转子逆时针转动24度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有四种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择其中部分转速成为三速额定转速电机、两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用十四极即七对极对数，是四速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动36度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动15.4度；选择2号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动72度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动20.6度；选择3号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动108度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动5.1度；选择4号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动144度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动10.3度；选择1号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动36度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动15.4度；选择2号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动72度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动20.6度；选择3号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动108度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动5.1度；选择4号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动144度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动10.3度。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用一对极对数转子，是四速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法、1号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动36度；选择2号顺法、2号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动72度；选择3号顺法、3号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动108度；选择4号顺法、4号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动144度。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机，这是两速额定转速电机。十极柱定子与八极柱、十二极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。匹配八极柱凸极磁阻转子时，参见图11，采用1号顺法或4号逆法每一步，八极柱转子逆时针转动9度，1号逆法或4号顺法每一步，八极柱转子顺时针转动9度，2号顺法或3号逆法每一步，八极柱转子逆时针转动18度，2号逆法或3号顺法每一步，八极柱转子顺时针转动18度。匹配十二极柱凸极磁阻转子时，采用1号顺法或4号逆法每一步，十二极柱转子顺时针转动6度，1号逆法或4号顺法每一步，十二极柱转子逆时针转动6度，2号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十二极柱转子顺时针转动12度，2号逆法或3号顺法每一步，十二极柱转子逆时针转动12度。
如果把本实施例定子极柱数改为2*Q*5，转动定子磁场具有Q对极对数，各轭少极多速法每一步步进距离是实施例3上述各步进距离的1/Q倍。这可作为实施例3的参考和补充。
实施例4：一对极对数的六相轭绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图16，与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相轭绕组少极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十二个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十二段轭部连接十二个齿部形成定子铁芯。
每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。同相的一段正轭部绕组与一段负轭部绕组之间为并联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组，本实施例P＝6，Q＝1；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基S极，前方第6个齿部是基N极；在基S极前方按相序编号依次设置6相共6段正轭部绕组，即第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)，在基N极前方按相序编号依次设置6相共6段负轭部绕组，即第1相负轭部绕组(-a)、第2相负轭部绕组(-b)、第3相负轭部绕组(-c)、第4相负轭部绕组(-d)、第5相负轭部绕组(-e)和第6相负轭部绕组(-f)，就设置了12段轭部绕组。
电枢绕组按轭少极多速法通入6相直流电，每一个通电周期包括12步，共12个相等的步长时间。轭少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法、3号逆法、4号顺法、4号逆法、5号顺法和5号逆法，一共是10种通入6相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以基S极为这一步S极，以基N极为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极前方6段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方6段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。其第1步参见图16。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电 周期；其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退二个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进三个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第三个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第三个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退三个极心距。4号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第四个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第四个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进四个极心距。4号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第四个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第四个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退四个极心距。5号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极前方第五个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第五个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进五个极心距。5号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，以上一步S极后方第五个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第五个齿部作为这一步N极，6相通入直流电，电流规则不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退五个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相、b相、c相、d相、e相和f相均通入正电流，参见图16；第2步是b相、c相、d相、e相和f相通入正电流，a相通入负电流，参见图17。1号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相、b相、c相、d相和e相通入正电流，f相通入负电流。2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是c相、d相、e相和f相通入正电流，a相和b相通入负电流，参见图18。2号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相、b相、c相和d相通入正电流，e相和f相通入负电流。3号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是d相、e相和f相通入正电流，a相、b相和c相通入负电流，参见图19。3号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相、b相和c相通入正电流，d相、e相和f相通入负电流。4号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是e相和f相通入正电流，a 相、b相、c相和d相通入负电流，参见图20。4号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相和b相通入正电流，c相、d相、e相和f相通入负电流。5号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是f相通入正电流，a相、b相、c相、d相和e相通入负电流，参见图21。5号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相通入正电流，b相、c相、d相、e相和f相通入负电流。各号顺法、各号逆法的第3步至第12步可依此类推。六相定子各号顺法、各号逆法的减相法可以选择每一步有一相、二相、三相或四相断开不通入直流电。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和六相逆变器组成。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机。参见图16中的电机，定子有六相，永磁转子有十极(五对极对数)。选择1号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动30度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动30度；选择2号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动60度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动12度；选择3号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动90度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动18度；选择4号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动120度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动24度；选择5号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动150度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动6度；选择1号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动30度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动30度；选择2号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动60度，十极永磁转子顺时针转动12度；选择3号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动90度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动18度；选择4号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动120度，六极永磁转子顺时针转动24度；选择5号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动150度，十极永磁转子逆时针转动6度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有五种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择其中部分转速成为四速额定转速电机、三速额定转速电机、两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组少极多速永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用十四极即七对极对数，是五速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动30度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动21.4度；选择2号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动60度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动8.6度；选择3号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动90度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动12.9度；选择4号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动120度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动17.1度；选择5号顺法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向前转动150度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动4.3度；选择1号逆法或其减相 法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动30度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动21.4度；选择2号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动60度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动8.6度；选择3号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动90度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动12.9度；选择4号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动120度，十四极永磁转子逆时针转动17.1度；选择5号逆法或其减相法时，每一步，转动定子磁场向后转动150度，十四极永磁转子顺时针转动4.3度。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子还可以采用一对极对数转子，是五速额定转速电机。选择1号顺法、1号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动30度；选择2号顺法、2号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动60度；选择3号顺法、3号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动90度；选择4号顺法、4号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动120度；选择5号顺法、5号逆法，每一步，永磁转子转动150度。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相轭绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机，是三速额定转速电机。十二极柱定子与十极柱、十四极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。匹配十极柱凸极磁阻转子时，电机可采用八种方法启动，即：采用1号顺法或5号逆法每一步，十极柱转子逆时针转动6度，1号逆法或5号顺法每一步，十极柱转子顺时针转动6度，2号顺法或4号逆法每一步，十极柱转子逆时针转动12度，2号逆法或4号顺法每一步，十极柱转子顺时针转动12度。电机启动后凸极磁阻转子依靠惯性维持原有转动方向，可以切换采用两种方法实现第三种额定转速，即：采用3号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十极柱转子转动18度。匹配十四极柱凸极磁阻转子时，电机可采用八种方法启动，即：采用1号顺法或5号逆法每一步，十四极柱转子顺时针转动4.3度，1号逆法或5号顺法每一步，十四极柱转子逆时针转动4.3度，2号顺法或4号逆法每一步，十四极柱转子顺时针转动8.6度，2号逆法或4号顺法每一步，十四极柱转子逆时针转动8.6度。电机启动后凸极磁阻转子依靠惯性维持原有转动方向，可以切换采用两种方法实现第三种额定转速，即：3号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十二极柱转子转动12.9度。
如果把本实施例定子极柱数改为2*Q*6，转动定子磁场具有Q对极对数，各轭少极多速法每一步步进距离是实施例4上述各步进距离的1/Q倍。这可作为实施例4的参考和补充。
在以上各实施例中，未显示定子的极弧、齿宽、齿高(极高)、齿形、轭厚度、线径、匝数、转子的详细性质和控制机构的详细性质等指标，对这些指标的优化选取均采用成熟技术。
以上描述了本发明基本原理、主要特征和优点，业内技术人员应该了解，本发明不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明的变化与改进都落入要求保护的 本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求及同等物界定。

Claims (2)

  1. 轭绕组少极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机，特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕轭部绕制形成轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，按轭少极多速法通入多相直流电，形成变化的轭部磁通、形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的转动定子磁场；
    定子铁芯采用成熟技术，包括齿部和轭部，有2*Q*P个齿部、有2*Q*P段轭部；
    电枢绕组是通入P相直流电形成变化的轭部磁通、形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括P相电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部按相序编号分段设置，各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定；轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为第一基S极，前方第P个齿部是第一基N极，前方第2*P个齿部是第二基S极，前方第3*P个齿部是第二基N极，如此类推直至第Q基S极和第Q基N极；在每个基S极的前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段正轭部绕组，在每个基N极前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段负轭部绕组，就设置了2*Q*P段轭部绕组；
    电枢绕组按轭少极多速法通入P相直流电，每一个通电周期包括2*P步，共2*P个相等的步长时间；轭少极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、如此类推直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法，一共是2*(P-1)种通入P相直流电形成多种转速转动定子磁场的法；1号顺法是：第1步，以每个基S极为这一步S极，以每个基N极为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则是电流使每个S极前方P段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使每个N极前方P段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距；1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距；2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为前进二个极心距；2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，以上一步每个S极后方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步每个N极后方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，P相通入直流电，电流规则不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为后退二个极 心距；m号顺法和m号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为m个极心距；直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为(P-1)个极心距；当需要减小通入定子电枢绕组的能量功率时，还可采用减少每一步通入直流电的相数的方法，就是轭少极多速法的减相法，减相法也属于轭少极多速法；轭少极多速法的各号顺法和各号逆法的减相法是：每一步，保证S极前方一相的两段轭部绕组和S极后方一相的两段轭部绕组通入直流电，其余相均可以选择断开电路不通入电流，电流规则是电流使S极前方通电的各轭部绕组形成一组正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方通电的各轭部绕组形成一组负向轭部磁通；
    转子包括永磁转子和凸极磁阻转子，采用其中之一作为转子；控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和多相逆变器组成；转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术；
    轭绕组少极多速直流定子，与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成轭绕组少极多速直流永磁电机。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的轭绕组少极多速直流定子，与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成轭绕组少极多速直流开关磁阻电机。
PCT/CN2022/079023 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 轭绕组少极多速直流定子 WO2023164874A1 (zh)

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JP2009284626A (ja) * 2008-05-21 2009-12-03 Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd 回転機器のステータ及びモータ
CN202840705U (zh) * 2012-09-18 2013-03-27 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 用于直流电机的定子和具有该定子的直流电机
CN105186749A (zh) * 2015-10-22 2015-12-23 山东大学 一种环形轭部双绕组混合励磁永磁电动机
CN205081602U (zh) * 2015-10-22 2016-03-09 山东大学 一种环形单集中绕组低成本高功率密度永磁电动机
CN106877531A (zh) * 2017-03-31 2017-06-20 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 电机定子及电机
CN113346638A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-09-03 南京航空航天大学 一种三相并行磁路电机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009284626A (ja) * 2008-05-21 2009-12-03 Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd 回転機器のステータ及びモータ
CN202840705U (zh) * 2012-09-18 2013-03-27 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 用于直流电机的定子和具有该定子的直流电机
CN105186749A (zh) * 2015-10-22 2015-12-23 山东大学 一种环形轭部双绕组混合励磁永磁电动机
CN205081602U (zh) * 2015-10-22 2016-03-09 山东大学 一种环形单集中绕组低成本高功率密度永磁电动机
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