WO2023164883A1 - 轭绕组多极多速直流定子 - Google Patents

轭绕组多极多速直流定子 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023164883A1
WO2023164883A1 PCT/CN2022/079040 CN2022079040W WO2023164883A1 WO 2023164883 A1 WO2023164883 A1 WO 2023164883A1 CN 2022079040 W CN2022079040 W CN 2022079040W WO 2023164883 A1 WO2023164883 A1 WO 2023164883A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
yoke
zero
pole
winding
phase
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/079040
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗灿
Original Assignee
罗灿
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 罗灿 filed Critical 罗灿
Priority to PCT/CN2022/079040 priority Critical patent/WO2023164883A1/zh
Publication of WO2023164883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164883A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K17/14—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current having windings arranged for permitting pole-changing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
    • H02K37/10—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stator of a DC brushless motor.
  • the armature windings of each phase are arranged along the yoke section by the yoke winding; according to the multi-pole multi-speed method of the yoke, multi-phase direct current is introduced, and the yoke windings of each section form the magnetic flux of the yoke, which gathers at the nearest teeth to form magnetic poles , the changing magnetic poles of various stepping distances form a rotating stator magnetic field with various speeds, which can drive the rotor.
  • This is the yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator.
  • the motor is composed of stator, rotor, pole, supporting part, casing and control mechanism and other components.
  • the motor is generally a cylindrical rotor located inside the center of the motor, and a circular stator located outside to surround the rotor. This is an inner rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can realize that the cylindrical stator is located inside the center of the motor, and the ring-shaped rotor is located outside to surround the stator, which is an outer rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can also realize the axial flux motor in which the disc stator is located on one side of the motor, the disc rotor is located on the other side of the motor, and the stator and rotor are axially opposite.
  • Topological technology can also realize a linear motor in which the linear stator and the linear rotor move in parallel.
  • the topology technology described is a mature technology. Motors are all striving to improve efficiency and increase functionality.
  • the motor can be improved by improving the stator, the key component of the motor.
  • the stator in the traditional DC brushless motor has only one rotation speed of the rotating stator magnetic field, and the function is not rich; the energization rate of the armature winding does not exceed 66%.
  • the present invention proposes: 1.
  • the armature winding adopts the yoke winding; 2.
  • the multi-pole and multi-speed method of the yoke is used to feed multi-phase direct current, and the step distance of each step can be adjusted to form various rotating speeds on the brushless DC motor stator.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field enables the motor to have multiple rated speeds, increasing the motor's functions; and the armature winding energization rate exceeds 66%.
  • the multi-phase direct current is a direct current in which the current potential of each phase is stable in each step time, including positive current and negative current, usually a rectangular current, forming a trapezoidal air-gap magnetic flux.
  • the direct current managed by the electronic controller and the direct current generated by the inverter are all mature technologies.
  • the control of multi-phase DC adopts mature technologies, such as step control, current control, torque control, optimal efficiency control, leading phase angle control, position sensorless control, etc.
  • the yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator proposed by the present invention is specifically a DC brushless stator in which the multi-phase armature winding adopts the yoke winding, and the multi-phase direct current is connected according to the yoke multi-pole and multi-speed method, and the magnetic field of the rotating stator has multiple speeds. .
  • Improve the motor by improving the stator and increase the function of the motor.
  • the motor industry requires multi-pole multi-speed DC stators with yoke windings.
  • the yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator of the present invention is composed of a stator core and an armature winding.
  • the motor can be composed of components such as rotors, electrodes, supporting components, casings and control mechanisms. Said constituent motor is a mature technology. It is characterized in that: the armature windings of each phase are wound around the yoke by electric wires to form the yoke windings, which are arranged segmentally along the yoke, and multi-phase direct current is fed in according to the yoke multi-pole and multi-speed method to form a changing yoke magnetic flux and form a variety of steps. The changing magnetic poles of the advancing distance form a rotating stator magnetic field at various speeds.
  • the stator core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux materials.
  • it is made of silicon steel, laminated silicon steel, and the like.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that each tooth is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and faces the rotor inwardly, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the yoke is connected to each tooth to form the stator core.
  • the number of phases of the stator armature winding is set to P, P is a natural number not less than 3, the stator core has 2*Q*P teeth, and there are 2*Q*P segment yokes, Q is the phase multiple, and the number of teeth is divided by Taking two and dividing by the number of phases equals the phase multiple, Q is a natural number, and each phase armature winding includes 2*Q segment yoke windings.
  • the teeth of the stator core are also called stator poles, and the number of stator poles is equal to the number of teeth of the stator core.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the front, which is the forward direction, and the counterclockwise direction is the rear, which is the backward direction.
  • the armature winding is a wire structure that leads to a P-phase direct current to form a changing yoke magnetic flux, a variable magnetic pole with various step distances, and a magnetic field to rotate the stator at various speeds, including the P-phase armature winding.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged in sections along the yoke according to the phase sequence numbers.
  • the setting rule of the yoke winding is: select a tooth on the stator core as the first single base, the Pth tooth in front is the first double base, and the 2*P tooth in front is the second single base pole, the 3*P tooth in front is the second double base, and so on until the Qth single base and Qth double base; single base and double base are both bases, when P is an odd number , in front of each base, set P-phase and P-segment positive yoke windings in sequence according to the phase sequence number, so that 2*Q*P-segment yoke windings are set; when P is an even number, each single base Set P-phase and P-segment positive yoke windings in sequence in front of each double base according to the phase sequence number, and set P-phase and P-segment negative yoke windings in sequence in front of each double base, thus setting 2*Q*P Segment yoke winding.
  • the wires and the number of turns of each segment of the yoke winding are the same.
  • the connection methods between the yoke windings in each phase including series connection, parallel connection and hybrid connection, all adopt mature technology.
  • the positive and negative of each yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method, which is as follows: select a section of the stator core parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and assume that the clockwise direction in the sectional view is the positive and negative direction of the yoke magnetic flux.
  • the magnetic flux of this section of the yoke is positive yoke magnetic flux
  • the magnetic flux of this section of the yoke is negative Yoke flux.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a positive current is passed is a positive yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a positive current is passed is a negative yoke winding.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a negative current is applied is a negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a negative current is applied is a positive yoke winding.
  • the positive yoke winding is fed with positive current or the negative yoke winding is fed with negative current to form a positive yoke magnetic flux, and the role is positive yoke; the other is that the positive yoke winding is connected with Negative current or negative yoke winding is connected to positive current to form negative yoke magnetic flux, and the role is negative yoke; third, the yoke winding does not pass current, forming zero yoke magnetic flux, and the role is zero yoke; positive yoke and Negative yokes are opposite roles.
  • Adjacent yoke fluxes in the same direction are connected in series to form a set of yoke fluxes; a section of yoke fluxes with different yoke fluxes in the front and rear is itself a set of yoke fluxes; each set of yoke fluxes
  • the magnetic flux has a head N end and a tail S end.
  • the method of gathering the magnetic flux of the yoke to form the magnetic pole is: the magnetic flux of different groups of opposite directions of the yoke gathers with each other, that is, the N terminal gathers with the N terminal, and the S terminal gathers with the S terminal.
  • the teeth gathered at the nearest adjacent form a magnetic pole, the teeth closest to the N end form an N pole, and the teeth closest to the S end form an S pole.
  • the changing magnetic poles form a changing rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the N pole is the North Pole
  • the S pole is the South Pole
  • * is a multiplication sign
  • / is a division sign
  • + is a plus sign
  • - is a minus sign
  • a minus sign a minus sign.
  • the phase sequence number of each armature winding is a mature technology, usually expressed in lowercase alphabetical order.
  • the armature winding is fed with P-phase direct current according to the yoke multi-pole and multi-speed method, and each energization cycle includes 2*P steps, a total of 2*P equal step times.
  • the current fed into each step is related to the relative position of the stator and the rotor.
  • the selection of the start and end timing of each step, the selection of the DC on and off time, and the selection of the electrical phase angle adopt mature technology.
  • the mature technology includes setting sensors in the motor to obtain position signals for each step, and the signals are provided to the electronic controller to control the current supplied to each phase by the multi-phase inverter.
  • the current is passed in each step, and after the rotor rotates a step distance, the current is passed in the next step.
  • the yoke multi-pole and multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, and so on until (P-1) number forward method and (P-1) number inverse method, a total of 2*(P-1) methods of feeding P-phase direct current to form a magnetic field of a rotating stator with various rotational speeds.
  • the No. 1 method is: Step 1, take the single base as the single zero pole in this step, and use the double base pole as the double zero pole in this step. Both the single zero pole and the double turbine are zero poles.
  • the current makes the yoke winding in front of each zero pole (P-1) form a positive yoke, negative yoke, positive yoke, negative yoke, positive yoke and negative yoke, and the yoke winding at the rear of each zero pole is a zero yoke;
  • the current rule is that the current makes each single zero pole front (P-1) segment yoke winding form a role arrangement law of positive yoke negative yoke positive yoke negative yoke positive yoke negative yoke negative yoke, and the current makes each double The yoke windings in front of the zero pole (P-1) form a negative yoke, positive yoke, negative yoke, negative yoke, negative yoke, and positive yoke; each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), when P is an odd number, the previous step The zero yoke
  • the No. 1 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), when P is an odd number, the zero yoke in the previous step exchanges roles with the front section of the yoke winding to form this One-step zero yoke, that is: use the first tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step, use the first yoke winding in front of the zero yoke of the previous step as the zero yoke of this step, and use the original zero yoke in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding in the front remains unchanged; when P is an even number, use the first tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step, and the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step
  • the yoke windings in between are changed to the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the other yoke windings remain
  • the No. 2 straight method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 straight method; each subsequent step (up to the 2*P step), when P is an odd number, the zero yoke in the previous step and the rear two-stage yoke winding exchange roles to form The zero yoke in this step, that is: use the second tooth behind the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the second yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the zero yoke in the previous step in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding behind the original yoke, the first yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the second yoke winding behind the original yoke, and the roles of the other yoke windings remain unchanged; when P is an even number , using the second tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step
  • the No. 2 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and the front two yoke windings exchange roles to form The zero yoke in this step, that is: use the second tooth in front of the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the second yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the zero yoke in the previous step in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding in front of the original front, the first yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the second yoke winding in the original front in this step, and the roles of the other yoke windings remain unchanged; when P is an even number , using the second tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as
  • the No. 3 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 Shun method; each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and the rear three-section yoke winding exchange roles to form The zero yoke in this step, that is: use the third tooth behind the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the third yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the zero yoke in the previous step in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding behind the original zero yoke in the previous step, the first yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the second yoke winding behind the original zero yoke in this step, and the second yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step is here In the first step, the role of the third
  • the yoke windings between the zero poles of the first step are replaced with the opposite roles of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the (2*P+1) step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step
  • the stepping distance is 3/(P-1) pole center distance forward.
  • the No. 3 reverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 2*P step), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and the front three yoke windings exchange roles to form The zero yoke in this step, that is: use the third tooth in front of the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the third yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the zero yoke in the previous step in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding in front of the original front, the first yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step takes the role of the second yoke winding in front of the original front, and the second yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step is here
  • the first step adopts the role of the yoke winding of the third section in front, and the roles of the other yoke windings remain unchanged; when P is an
  • the yoke windings between the zero poles of the first step are replaced with the opposite roles of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged; the (2*P+1) step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle begins; each step
  • the stepping distance is 3/(P-1) pole center distance.
  • the following m-number forward method and m-number inverse method can be deduced by analogy, and the step distance of each step is m/(P-1) pole center distance; The inverse method can be deduced in the same way, and the step distance of each step is 1 pole center distance.
  • the core of each step of the yoke multi-pole multi-speed method is to make the yoke magnetic flux formed by each segment of the yoke windings form a correct step distance change magnetic pole in each S pole and each N pole according to the above-mentioned aggregation method through the specific input current. .
  • the current amplitudes of each step of the yoke windings are generally equal, so the control mechanism is relatively simple.
  • the control mechanism is relatively simple; it can also reduce the amplitude of the current passing through the yoke winding in front of the zero pole and the yoke winding in the back section in each step.
  • the control mechanism is more complicated.
  • the subtractive phase method and the weak phase method also belong to the yoke multipole multivelocity method.
  • each step of the number m forward method makes the rotating stator magnetic field rotate clockwise at the number m speed for m/(P-1) pole center distances
  • each step of the m number inverse method makes the rotating stator magnetic field rotate counterclockwise at the number m speed m/(P-1) pole center distances
  • m is a natural number
  • m is at most equal to (P-1).
  • the pole center distance is the radian between the top centers of two adjacent stator teeth.
  • Rotating the stator magnetic field at each step rotates m/(P-1) pole center distances, which means that the yoke multi-stage multi-speed method forms a (P-1) stator magnetic field with pole pairs, and each step has m pole pairs.
  • the stator of the present invention can form a rotating stator magnetic field with one of (P-1) speeds by selecting one of the forward method and the inverse method of each number, and can drive the rotor to rotate. See Examples.
  • the t abscissa range from 0 to 1 corresponds to the first step, and the range from 1 to 2 corresponds to the second step.
  • the positive current passed in the first step of the a-phase armature winding is indicated by the thick line above the abscissa, and the negative current passed in the first step of the b-phase armature winding is indicated by the thick line below the abscissa.
  • Each embodiment of the present invention describes a stator with a phase multiple of 1, and the present invention also includes a stator with a phase multiple of Q; deriving a stator with a phase multiple of Q from a stator with a phase multiple of 1 is a mature technology in the industry.
  • Each embodiment of the present invention tells about a motor with a stator matched with a rotor, and the present invention also includes a motor with double stators matched with a rotor, and a motor with double rotors matched with a stator; it is deduced that double stator motors and double rotor motors are industry Mature technology.
  • the rotor includes a permanent magnet rotor and a salient pole reluctance rotor, one of which is used as the rotor.
  • the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet rotor is equal to (P-1), and the number of teeth of the salient pole reluctance rotor is equal to 2*(P-1).
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and a multi-phase power supply, usually an inverter.
  • the rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator is composed of permanent magnet rotors, poles, supporting parts, casings and control mechanisms. Yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motors.
  • Figures 1 to 5 are cross-sectional views of a multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator with three-phase yoke windings, matching a four-pole permanent magnet rotor.
  • Figure 1 is the first step of the three-phase forward method and each number reverse method.
  • Figure 2 is the second step of the three-phase No. 1 forward method,
  • Figure 3 is the second step of the three-phase No. 1 reverse method,
  • Figure 4 is the second step of the three-phase No.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a four-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, matching a six-pole permanent magnet rotor.
  • Figure 6 is the first step of the four-phase number 1 forward method and each number's reverse method
  • Figure 7 is the second step of the four-phase number 1 forward method
  • Figure 8 is the second step of the four-phase number 2 forward method
  • Fig. 9 is the 2nd step of Sixiang No. 3 and the 4th step of No. 1.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a five-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, matching an eight-pole permanent magnet rotor
  • Figure 10 is the first step of the five-phase forward method and each number reverse method
  • Figure 11 is the five-phase No. 1 forward method Step 2
  • Figure 12 is the 2nd step of Wuxiang No. 2
  • FIG. 1 Shunfa. Phase 4 is the second step, No. 2 is the third step, and No. 1 is the fifth step.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of a six-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, matching a ten-pole permanent magnet rotor;
  • Figure 15 is the first step of the six-phase forward method and each number reverse method;
  • Figure 16 is the six-phase No. 1 forward method Step 2
  • Figure 18 is the second step of the six-phase No. 2 straight method, and the third step of the No. Phase 4 is the second step of the same method, No. 2 is the third step of the method, and No. 1 is the fifth step of the method.
  • Figure 20 is the second step of the Liuxiang No. 5 and the sixth step of the No. 1 method.
  • the armature windings of each phase are wound around the teeth of the stator core to form a tooth winding, and each tooth winding directly forms a changing magnetic pole and finally forms a rotating stator magnetic field, and the armature winding has the highest energization rate per step 66%, the rotor has at most 66% of the magnetic poles to play a role, the efficiency of the permanent magnets is not high, there is only one step distance, and the composed motor has only one rated speed.
  • Yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator the armature windings of each phase are wound around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which innovates the stator structure; each yoke winding forms a yoke magnetic flux aggregation to form a magnetic pole and finally forms a rotating stator magnetic field, The operating mechanism of the stator magnetic field is innovated; the yoke multi-pole and multi-speed method is adopted for direct current, the lowest energization rate of the armature winding is 66%, and the highest is 100%, which improves the energization rate.
  • the efficiency; the yoke multi-pole multi-speed method can adopt the unique phase subtraction method or weak phase method, which increases the power control method; the yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed method can have various stepping distances, and the motors composed of many kinds Rated speed, increased motor function.
  • the multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator with yoke windings is also beneficial in that the efficiency of forming the stator magnetic field is higher due to the magnetic flux gathering effect of the yoke to form the magnetic poles. Since there are only yoke windings in the same direction on the same section of the yoke, and there are no yoke windings in different directions, there is no mutual interference and the efficiency is high.
  • the invention innovates the structure of the motor stator, improves the efficiency of the motor, improves the power supply method and increases the functions. There wasn't an identical motor before this one.
  • stator core high magnetic flux material
  • yoke tooth, pole, tooth height, slot depth, magnetic pole, aggregation, rotating stator magnetic field and pole pair number
  • wires, windings, winding, armature windings, tooth windings, positive poles, negative poles, connections, step lengths, pole center distances, radians, salient pole reluctance rotors and permanent magnet rotors are all mature technologies.
  • Fig. 1 is one of the sections of the three-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the first step of each number forward method and each number inverse method, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is
  • the permanent magnet rotor has two pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 are permanent magnets
  • 6 are insulators.
  • Figure 2 is the second section of the three-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 1 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has two pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 are permanent magnets
  • 6 are insulators.
  • Figure 3 is the third section of the three-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 1 inverse method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has two pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 are permanent magnets
  • 6 are insulators.
  • Figure 4 is the fourth section of the three-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 2 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has two pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 are permanent magnets
  • 6 are insulators.
  • Figure 5 is the fifth section of the three-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 2 inverse method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is The permanent magnet rotor has two pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 are permanent magnets
  • 6 are insulators.
  • Fig. 6 is one of the sections of the four-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the first step of each number forward method and each number inverse method, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 2.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator iron
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with three pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Figure 7 is the second section of the four-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 1 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator iron
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with three pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Figure 8 is the third section of the four-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 2 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator iron
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with three pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Figure 9 is the fourth section of the four-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 3 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 3 is the stator iron
  • 4 is a permanent magnet rotor with three pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Figure 10 is one of the sections of the five-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the first step of each number forward method and each number inverse method, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 3.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor with four pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 11 is the second section of the five-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the first step of the No. 1 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor with four pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 12 is the third section of the five-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 2 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor with four pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 13 is the fourth section of the five-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 3 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor with four pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 14 is the fifth section of the five-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 4 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • Section 3 is the tooth portion of the stator core, which is a permanent magnet rotor with four pairs of pole pairs
  • 5 is a permanent magnet
  • 6 is an insulator.
  • Fig. 15 is one of the cross-sections of the six-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the first step of the forward method of each number and the inverse method of each number, and is one of the schematic diagrams of embodiment 4.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have twelve sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 16 is the second section of the six-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 1 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have twelve sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 17 is the third section of the six-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of No. 2 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have twelve sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 18 is the fourth section of the six-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 3 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have twelve sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Figure 19 is the fifth section of the six-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator, which is the second step of the No. 4 method.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have twelve sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Fig. 20 is the sixth section of the six-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator section, which is the second step of No. 5 Shunfa.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding
  • (+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e and -f) have twelve sections in total
  • 3 is the stator iron core tooth portion
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor
  • 5 is the permanent magnet
  • 6 is the insulator.
  • Fig. 21 is the current waveform diagram of the No. 1 forward method of the yoke multi-pole and multi-speed method of the three-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator.
  • the three phases are divided into three coordinates, the abscissa is the step time t, and the ordinate is current i.
  • Figure 22 is a salient pole reluctance rotor with ten poles.
  • the curly brackets indicate the phase number of each yoke winding.
  • the phase number is a mature technology for winding labeling.
  • Each yoke winding is represented by a small number of turns of wires, and the actual number of turns of wires is set according to actual needs. Electrodes, supporting components, casings and control mechanisms are not shown.
  • the direction of the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding is shown by the arrow drawn in the yoke, and the magnetic poles formed by the accumulation of the yoke magnetic flux are as shown in the stator core teeth in the figure S and N are shown.
  • each rotor permanent magnet is shown by the arrow drawn in the magnet, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14,
  • the rotor positions in Figures 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are negligible. Each component only shows the mutual relationship, and does not reflect the actual size.
  • Embodiment 1 A three-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator is composed of a stator core and an armature winding, see FIG. 1 .
  • the three-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC motor is composed of the rotor, the pole, the supporting part, the casing and the control mechanism and other components.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the six teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction toward the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the six-section yoke connects the six teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • a section of positive yoke winding and a section of negative yoke winding in the same phase are connected in parallel.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the tooth is used as a single base, and the third tooth in front is a double base; both the single base and the double base are bases, and 3 phases, a total of 3 segments of positive yokes are set in front of each base according to the phase sequence number
  • six yoke windings are set up, namely, the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding (+b), the third phase positive yoke winding (+c), 1st phase positive yoke winding (+a), 2nd phase positive yoke winding (+b) and 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c).
  • the armature winding is fed with 3-phase direct current according to the yoke multi-pole and multi-speed method, and each electrification cycle includes 6 steps, a total of 6 equal step times.
  • the yoke multi-pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 inverse method, No. 2 forward method and No. 2 inverse method. There are altogether 4 methods of feeding 3-phase direct current to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the No. 1 method is: Step 1, the single base is used as the single zero pole of this step, and the double base is used as the double zero pole of this step.
  • the current rule is that the current makes each zero pole in front of The 2-segment yoke winding forms the role arrangement of positive yoke and negative yoke, and the 1-segment yoke winding behind each zero pole is zero yoke; in each subsequent step (until step 6), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and The winding of the yoke at the rear is exchanged to form the zero yoke of this step, that is, the first tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step is used as the zero pole of this step, and the first yoke winding behind the zero yoke of the previous step is used as the zero yoke of this step.
  • the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the original rear first yoke winding, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the seventh step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the step distance of each step is forward 1/2 pole center distance.
  • the No. 1 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step when P is an odd number, the zero yoke in the previous step is exchanged with the previous yoke winding to form a zero in this step Yoke, that is: use the first tooth in front of the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the first yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step.
  • the role of one section of the yoke winding remains unchanged; the seventh step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle is started; the step distance of each step is 1/2 of the pole center distance.
  • the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 straight method; each subsequent step (until the sixth step), when P is an odd number, the zero yoke in the previous step and the rear two-stage yoke winding exchange roles to form this step
  • Zero yoke that is: use the second tooth behind the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the second yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the original rear yoke in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding, the role of the first yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the original rear second yoke winding, and the roles of the other yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • Step 7 and Step 1 Same, start the next energization cycle; the step distance of each step is 1 pole center distance.
  • the No. 2 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the sixth step), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and the front two yoke windings exchange roles to form this step Zero yoke, that is: use the second tooth in front of the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the second yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the original front zero yoke in this step
  • the role of the first section of yoke winding, the role of the first section of yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the original front section of the second section of yoke winding, and the roles of other yoke windings remain unchanged; step 7 and step 1 Same, start the next energization cycle; the step distance of each step is 1 pole center distance back
  • the first step of No. 1 Shunfa is to pass positive current to phase a, negative current to phase b and no current to phase c, see Figure 1; the second step is to pass positive current to phase a, no current to phase b and no current to phase c. Negative current, see Figure 2; the third step is to pass no current to phase a, pass positive current to phase b, and pass negative current to phase c, see Figure 3; for each subsequent step, refer to No. 1 forward current waveform in Figure 21; Step 7 is the same as step 1, and starts the next power-on cycle.
  • the first step of No. 1 reverse method is the same as the first step of No.
  • the second step is to pass no current to phase a, pass negative current to phase b and pass positive current to phase c, see Figure 3; step 3 is to pass through phase a Negative current, no current in phase b, and positive current in phase c, see Figure 5; and so on for each subsequent step.
  • the first step of No. 2 Shunfa is the same as the first step of No. 1 Shunfa; the second step is to pass no current to phase a, pass positive current to phase b, and pass negative current to phase c, see Figure 4; and so on for each subsequent step.
  • the first step of No. 2 inverse method is the same as the first step of No. 1 forward method; the second step is to pass negative current to phase a, no current to phase b, and positive current to phase c, see Figure 5; and so on for each subsequent step.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, an electronic controller and a three-phase power supply, usually an inverter.
  • the rotors include salient pole reluctance rotors and permanent magnet rotors.
  • a three-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor is composed of a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting components, a casing and a control mechanism, and the permanent magnet rotor adopts a two-pair pole-logarithmic permanent magnet rotor. 1 to 5, the stator has six teeth, and the permanent magnet rotor has two pole pairs (four poles).
  • Fig. 1 is the first step of each number forward method and each number reverse method.
  • Figure 2 is the second step of No. 1 Shun method.
  • Figure 3 is the second step of No. 1 reverse method.
  • Figure 4 is the second step of the No. 2 Shunfa, and the third step of the No. 1 Shunfa.
  • Figure 5 is the second step of No. 2 inverse method, and the third step of No. 1 inverse method.
  • each step the stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate forward 30 degrees
  • each step the stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate forward 60 degrees
  • when choosing No. 1 reverse method each step, The stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate backward by 30 degrees
  • the No. 2 inverse method is selected, each step, the stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate backward by 60 degrees.
  • the motor has two rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only one of the speeds is selected to become a single-speed rated speed motor.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a three-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a single-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the six-pole stator and the four-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is a mature technology.
  • the rotor rotates 30 degrees forward at each step.
  • No. 1 inverse method the rotor rotates 30 degrees backward at each step.
  • the setting rules of the yoke windings are changed: the three sections of yoke windings arranged in sequence in front of the single base are changed to the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), and the second phase negative yoke The first phase winding (-b) and the third phase positive yoke winding (+c), the three-stage yoke winding arranged in sequence in front of the double base is changed to the first phase negative yoke winding (-a), the second phase positive The yoke winding (+b) and the third phase negative yoke winding (-c); that is, the direction of the yoke windings of each section of the b-phase is reversed. In each step of the corresponding yoke multi-pole multi-speed method, the b-phase input current is changed to the opposite current. This embodiment remains
  • Embodiment 2 A four-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator is composed of a stator core and an armature winding, see FIG. 6 .
  • the four-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC motor is composed of the rotor, the pole, the supporting part, the casing and the control mechanism and other components.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the eight teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the eight-segment yoke connects the eight teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • a section of positive yoke winding and a section of negative yoke winding in the same phase are connected in parallel.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the teeth are used as the first single base, and the fourth tooth in the front is the first double base; in front of each single base, 4 phases and 4 sections of positive yoke windings are arranged in sequence in front of each single base, that is, the first phase Positive yoke winding (+a), 2nd phase positive yoke winding (+b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c) and 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), in each double base 4 phases and 4 sections of negative yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence numbers in front of the pole, that is, the negative yoke winding of the first phase (-a), the negative yoke winding of the second phase (-b), and the negative
  • the armature winding is connected to 4-phase direct current according to the multi-pole and multi-speed method of the yoke, and each electrification cycle includes 8 steps, a total of 8 equal step times.
  • the yoke multi-pole and multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method and No. 3 reverse method.
  • the number 1 method is: in the first step, the single base is used as the single zero pole of this step, and the double base is used as the double zero pole of this step; when P is an even number, the current rule is that the current makes each single zero pole
  • the three sections of yoke windings in the front form the role arrangement law of positive yoke, negative yoke and positive yoke, and the current makes the three sections of yoke windings in front of each double zero pole form the role arrangement law of negative yoke, positive yoke and negative yoke; each subsequent step (until the first 8 steps), when P is an even number, the first tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step is used as the zero pole of this step, and the windings of each yoke between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step , the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged; Step 9 is the same as Step 1, and the next energization
  • the No. 1 reverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the eighth step), when P is an even number, use the first tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged; the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle is started; The stepping distance of one step is 1/3 of the polar center distance.
  • the No. 2 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 8th step), when P is an even number, use the second tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle is started;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 2/3 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 2 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the eighth step), when P is an even number, use the second tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle is started;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 2/3 pole center distance back.
  • the No. 3 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 8th step), when P is an even number, use the third tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle is started;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 1 pole center distance.
  • the No. 3 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step when P is an even number, use the third tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the ninth step is the same as the first step, and the next energization cycle is started;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 1 polar center distance backward.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, an electronic controller and a four-phase power supply, usually an inverter.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator and the permanent magnet rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a four-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the stator has four phases and the permanent magnet rotor There are three pairs of pole pairs (six poles).
  • the stator can be fed with 4-phase direct current by adopting the yoke-less-pole-multiple-speed method, and forms a three-speed rated speed motor with four-pole permanent magnet rotor and other components.
  • Yoke less pole multi-speed method when using No. 1 straight method, the rotor rotates 45 degrees forward at each step; when using No. 2 straight method, each step rotates backward 30 degrees; when using No. , the rotor turns forward 15 degrees.
  • the yoke less-pole and multi-speed method refer to the "Yoke Winding Fewer-pole and Multi-speed DC Stator" filed for patent on the same day.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a four-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a two-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the eight-pole stator and the six-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is a mature technology.
  • the tooth shape of the salient pole reluctance rotor can be arc-shaped or castle-shaped, also known as split-pole shape.
  • the motor starts with No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 3 forward method or No. 3 reverse method. For each step of No. 1 forward or No.
  • the hexapole rotor rotates 15 degrees clockwise; for each step of No. 1 counterclockwise or No. 3 forward, the hexapole rotor rotates 15 degrees counterclockwise.
  • the motor can be switched to the No. 2 forward or No. 2 reverse method to form the second rated speed.
  • the rotor relies on inertia to continue to maintain the original rotation direction and the speed doubles. Every step of the No. 2 forward or No. 2 reverse method, the rotor rotates 30 degrees .
  • Embodiment 3 A five-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC stator is composed of a stator core and an armature winding, see FIG. 10 .
  • the five-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC motor is composed of the rotor, the pole, the supporting part, the casing and the control mechanism and other components.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the ten teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the ten segments of the yoke are connected to the ten teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • a section of positive yoke winding and a section of negative yoke winding in the same phase are connected in parallel.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the tooth is used as a single base, and the fifth tooth in the front is a double base; both the single base and the double base are bases, and 5 phases, a total of 5 sections of positive yokes are set in front of each base according to the phase sequence number
  • 10 yoke windings are set up, that is, the first phase positive yoke winding (+a), the second phase positive yoke winding (+b), and the third phase positive yoke winding (+c) , Phase 4 positive yoke winding (+d), Phase 5 positive yoke winding (+e), Phase 1 positive yoke winding (+a), Phase 2 positive yoke winding (+b), Phase 5 positive yoke winding (+b), 3-phase positive
  • the armature winding is connected to 5-phase direct current according to the multi-pole and multi-speed method of the yoke, and each electrification cycle includes 10 steps, a total of 10 equal step times.
  • the yoke multi-pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method, No. 3 reverse method, No. 4 forward method and No. 4 reverse method, a total of 8 A method of feeding 5-phase direct current to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the No. 1 method is: Step 1, the single base is used as the single zero pole of this step, and the double base is used as the double zero pole of this step.
  • the current rule is that the current makes each zero pole in front of The 4-stage yoke windings form the role arrangement of positive yoke, negative yoke, positive yoke and negative yoke, and the 1-stage yoke winding behind each zero pole is zero yoke; each subsequent step (until the 10th step), when P is an odd number, the upper The one-step zero yoke and the rear section of the yoke winding exchange roles to form this one-step zero yoke, that is, use the first tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step, and use the first section of the yoke winding behind the zero yoke of the previous step as this step.
  • the zero yoke in one step the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the first yoke winding at the rear, and the other yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the advance distance is 1/4 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 1 reverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • the role of one section of the yoke winding remains unchanged; the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, starting the next energization cycle; the step distance of each step is 1/4 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 2 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 Shun method; each subsequent step (until the 10th step), when P is an odd number, the zero yoke in the previous step and the rear two-stage yoke winding exchange roles to form this step
  • Zero yoke that is: use the second tooth behind the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the second yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the original rear yoke in this step
  • the role of the first section of the yoke winding, the role of the first section of the yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the original rear section of the yoke winding, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged; step 11 and step 1 Same, start the next energization cycle; the step distance of each step is 2/4 of the pole center
  • the No. 2 reverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the 10th step), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and the front two yoke windings exchange roles to form this step Zero yoke, that is: use the second tooth in front of the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the second yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the original front zero yoke in this step
  • the role of the first section of the yoke winding, the role of the first section of the yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the original front section of the second section of the yoke winding, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged; step 11 and step 1 Same, start the next energization cycle; the step distance of each step is 2
  • the No. 3 Shunfa is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 Shunfa; each subsequent step (until the 10th step), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and the rear three yoke windings exchange roles to form this step Zero yoke, that is: use the third tooth behind the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the third yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the original rear yoke in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding, the first yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the second yoke winding behind the original zero yoke in this step, and the second yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step adopts this step
  • the role of the original third yoke winding at the rear remains unchanged; the 11th step is the
  • the No. 3 reverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the 10th step), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and the front three yoke windings exchange roles to form this step Zero yoke, that is: use the third tooth in front of the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the third yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the original front zero yoke in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding, the role of the first yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step is adopted in this step
  • the role of the original third yoke winding in front remains unchanged;
  • the 11th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle is started; the step distance of each step is 3/4 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 4 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 Shun method; each subsequent step (up to the 10th step), when P is an odd number, the previous step zero yoke and the rear four yoke windings exchange roles to form this step Zero yoke, that is: use the fourth tooth behind the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the fourth yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the original rear yoke in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding, the first yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step adopts the role of the second yoke winding behind the original zero yoke in this step, and the second yoke winding behind the zero yoke in the previous step adopts this step
  • the No. 4 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No. 1 forward method; each subsequent step (until the tenth step), when P is an odd number, the original zero yoke and the front four yoke windings exchange roles as this step Zero yoke, that is: use the fourth tooth in front of the zero pole in the previous step as the zero pole in this step, use the fourth yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step as the zero yoke in this step, and use the original front zero yoke in this step
  • the role of the first yoke winding, the role of the first yoke winding in front of the zero yoke in the previous step is adopted in this step In the previous step, the role of the third yoke winding in front of the zero yoke is assumed to be the role of the original fourth yoke winding in the front, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged; Step 11 and
  • the first step of No. 1 Shunfa is to feed positive current into phase a and phase c, negative current to phase b and d, and no current to phase e, see Figure 10; the second step is to feed positive current to phase a and phase c.
  • Negative current is applied to phase b and e, and no current is applied to phase d, see Figure 11; the third step is to input positive current to phase a and d, negative current to phase b and e, and no current to phase c, see Figure 12 ; The fourth step is to feed positive current into phase a and d, negative current to phase c and e, and no current to phase b, see Figure 13; step 5 is to feed positive current to phase b and d, phase c to e Negative current is applied to phase a, and no current is applied to phase a, see Figure 14; and so on for each subsequent step.
  • the first step of the No. 2 Shun method is the same as the first step of the No.
  • the second step is to pass a positive current to phase a and d, to pass a negative current to phase b and e, and to pass no current to phase c, see Figure 12; One step and so on.
  • the first step of the No. 3 Shun method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 Shun method; the second step is to pass a positive current to phase a and d, to pass a negative current to phase c and e, and to pass no current to phase b, see Figure 13; One step and so on.
  • the first step of the No. 4 shun method is the same as the first step of the No. 1 shun method; the positive current is passed into phase b and d, the negative current is passed into phase c and e, and the current is not passed into phase a, see Figure 14; each subsequent step follows this analogy.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, an electronic controller and a five-phase power supply, usually an inverter.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the poles, the supporting parts, the casing, the control mechanism and other components form a five-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the stator has five phases, and the permanent magnet rotor has eight poles (four pole pairs).
  • the stator magnetic field and rotor rotate forward 9 degrees at each step; when No. 2 Shun method is selected, the stator magnetic field and rotor rotate forward 18 degrees at each step; when No. 3 Shun method is selected, each step, The stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate forward by 27 degrees; when the No.
  • stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate forward by 36 degrees for each step; when the No. 1 inverse method is selected, the stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate backward by 9 degrees for each step; When No. 2 inverse method is selected, the stator magnetic field and rotor rotate backward 18 degrees at each step; when No. 3 inverse method is selected, the stator magnetic field and rotor rotate backward 27 degrees at each step; when No. 4 inverse method is selected, each step, The stator field and rotor turn back 36 degrees. Under the condition that the time of each step is equal, the motor has four rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only some of the speeds can be selected to become three-speed rated speed motors, two-speed rated speed motors or single-speed rated speed motors.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a five-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a two-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the ten-pole stator and the eight-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is a mature technology.
  • the octopole rotor rotates 9 degrees clockwise.
  • the octopole rotor rotates 9 degrees counterclockwise, and No. 2 clockwise or
  • the octopole rotor rotates 18 degrees clockwise
  • the octopole rotor rotates 18 degrees counterclockwise.
  • Embodiment 4 A six-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator consists of a stator core and an armature winding, see Figure 15.
  • the six-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC motor is composed of the rotor, the pole, the supporting part, the casing and the control mechanism and other components.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required so that the twelve teeth are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction towards the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the twelve segments of the yoke connect the twelve teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • a section of positive yoke winding and a section of negative yoke winding in the same phase are connected in parallel.
  • the positive and negative of each section of yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the tooth portion is used as a single base, and the sixth tooth in front is a double base; in front of the single base, 6 phases and 6 sections of positive yoke windings are arranged in sequence according to the phase sequence number, that is, the first phase positive yoke winding (+ a), 2nd phase positive yoke winding (+b), 3rd phase positive yoke winding (+c), 4th phase positive yoke winding (+d), 5th phase positive yoke winding (+e) and the 6th phase positive yoke winding (+f), 6 phases and 6 sections of negative yoke windings are set in front of the double base according to the phase sequence number, that is, the 1st phase negative yoke winding (
  • Yoke multi-pole multi-speed method includes No. 1 forward method, No. 1 reverse method, No. 2 forward method, No. 2 reverse method, No. 3 forward method, No. 3 reverse method, No. 4 forward method, No. 4 reverse method, and No. 5 forward method
  • the method and the No. 5 inverse method are a total of 10 methods of feeding 6-phase direct current to form a rotating stator magnetic field.
  • the number 1 method is: in the first step, the single base is used as the single zero pole of this step, and the double base is used as the double zero pole of this step; when P is an even number, the current rule is that the current makes each single zero pole
  • the 5 sections of yoke windings in the front form the role arrangement of positive yoke, negative yoke, positive yoke, negative yoke, and positive yoke, and the current makes each double zero pole front 5 section yoke windings form a role arrangement of negative yoke, positive yoke, negative yoke, positive yoke, negative yoke, and negative yoke.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the first tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step, and each yoke between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step
  • the winding is changed to the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the other yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle is started;
  • the step distance of each step is 1/5 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 1 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the first tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 1/5 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 2 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the second tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 2/5 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 2 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the second tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 2/5 pole center distance back.
  • the No. 3 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the third tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , each yoke winding between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step is changed to the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 3/5 of the pole center distance.
  • the reverse method of No. 3 is: the first step is the same as the first step of No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the third tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 3/5 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 4 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the fourth tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 4/5 of the pole center distance.
  • the No. 4 inverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the fourth tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 4/5 pole center distance back.
  • the No. 5 Shun method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the fifth tooth behind the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 1 pole center distance.
  • the No. 5 reverse method is: the first step is the same as the first step of the No.
  • each subsequent step (until the 12th step), when P is an even number, use the fifth tooth in front of the zero pole of the previous step as the zero pole of this step , the yoke windings between the zero pole of the previous step and the zero pole of this step are replaced with the opposite role of the previous step, and the roles of the remaining yoke windings remain unchanged;
  • the 13th step is the same as the 1st step, and the next energization cycle starts;
  • the stepping distance of one step is 1 polar center distance backward.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, an electronic controller and a six-phase power supply, usually an inverter.
  • the rotor includes a salient pole reluctance rotor and a permanent magnet rotor.
  • the stator, permanent magnet rotor, poles, support components, casing, control mechanism and other components form a six-phase yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC permanent magnet motor.
  • the stator has twelve poles, and the permanent magnet rotor has ten poles (five pairs of pole pairs).
  • the stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate forward 6 degrees; choose No. 2 Shun method (or its subtractive phase method, or its weak phase method) ), at each step, the stator magnetic field and the rotor rotate forward 12 degrees; when choosing No. When No.
  • the stator field and the rotor rotate backwards by 30 degrees.
  • the motor has five rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, only some of the speeds can be selected to be four-speed rated speed motors, three-speed rated speed motors, two-speed rated speed motors or single-speed rated speed motors. Similar to Embodiment 2, the stator of this embodiment can also be fed with 6-phase direct current by the method of few poles and multiple speeds, and form a five-speed rated speed motor with ten-pole permanent magnet rotor and other components.
  • the stator, the salient pole reluctance rotor, electrodes, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism and other components form a six-phase yoke winding multi-pole and multi-speed DC switched reluctance motor, which is a three-speed rated speed motor.
  • the matching of the twelve-pole stator and the ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor is a mature technology. Refer to Figure 22 for the ten-pole salient pole reluctance rotor.
  • the motor can be started in eight ways, that is: each step of the No. 1 forward method or No. 5 reverse method, the ten-pole rotor rotates 6 degrees clockwise, and each step of the No. 1 reverse method or No.
  • the ten-pole rotor reverses Turn 6 degrees clockwise, every step of No. 2 clockwise or No. 4 counterclockwise, the ten-pole rotor rotates 12 degrees clockwise, and every step of No. 2 counterclockwise or No. 4 clockwise, the ten-pole rotor turns counterclockwise 12 degrees.
  • the salient pole reluctance rotor maintains the original rotation direction by inertia, and can be switched to use two methods to achieve the third rated speed, that is, using No. 3 forward method or No. 3 inverse method for each step, the ten pole column rotor rotates 18 Spend.
  • the pole arc, tooth width, tooth height (extremely high), tooth shape, yoke thickness, wire diameter, number of turns, detailed properties of the rotor and detailed properties of the control mechanism of the stator are not shown.
  • the optimization selection of these indicators adopts mature technology.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

轭绕组多极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机，特征是：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，按轭部绕组设置规则分段设置。按轭多极多速法通入多相直流电，形成变化的轭部磁通、聚集形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，驱动转子以多种额定转速运行。

Description

轭绕组多极多速直流定子 技术领域
本发明涉及一种直流无刷电机的定子。具体是各相电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置；按轭多极多速法通入多相直流电，各段轭部绕组形成轭部磁通，聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，多种步进距离的变化磁极形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，可以驱动转子。这就是轭绕组多极多速直流定子。
背景技术
电机由定子、转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。电机一般是圆柱状转子位于电机中心内部、圆环状定子位于外部包围转子，这是内转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术可以实现圆柱状定子位于电机中心内部，圆环状转子位于外部包围定子，这是外转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现盘状定子位于电机一侧，盘状转子位于电机另一侧，定子与转子轴向相对的轴向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现线状定子与线状转子相对平行运动的直线电机。所述拓扑技术是成熟技术。电机都努力提高效率，增加功能。改进电机的关键部件定子，就可以改进电机。传统直流无刷电机中的定子，其转动定子磁场只有一种转速，功能不丰富；其电枢绕组通电率不超过66％。本发明提出：1，电枢绕组采用轭部绕组，2，采用轭多极多速法通入多相直流电，调整每一步的步进距离，就可以在直流无刷电机定子上形成多种转速的转动定子磁场，使电机具有多种额定速度，增加了电机功能；且电枢绕组通电率都超过66％。所述多相直流电是每相电流电势在每步步长时间中稳定的直流电，包括正电流和负电流，通常是矩形电流、形成梯形气隙磁通。例如电子控制器管理的直流电、逆变器产生的直流电等，均为成熟技术。控制多相直流电采用成熟技术，例如阶梯控制、电流控制、转矩控制、最优效率控制、超前相角控制、无位置传感器控制等。
本发明提出的轭绕组多极多速直流定子，具体是多相电枢绕组采用轭部绕组、按轭多极多速法通入多相直流电，转动定子磁场具有多种转速的直流无刷定子。通过改进定子来改进电机，增加电机功能。电机行业需要轭绕组多极多速直流定子。
发明内容
本发明轭绕组多极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。可以与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机。所述组成电机为成熟技术。特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕轭部绕制形成轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，按轭多极多速法通入多相直流电， 形成变化的轭部磁通、形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的转动定子磁场。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术，采用高磁通材料制造。例如采用硅钢、层叠硅钢等制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使各个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向内朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，轭部连接各个齿部形成定子铁芯。设的定子电枢绕组相数为P，P为不小于3的自然数，定子铁芯有2*Q*P个齿部、有2*Q*P段轭部，Q是相倍数，齿部数除以二且除以相数等于相倍数，Q为自然数，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组。定子铁芯齿部又称定子极柱，定子极柱数等于定子铁芯的齿部数。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方、为前进方向，逆时针方向为后方、为后退方向。
电枢绕组是通入P相直流电形成变化的轭部磁通、形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括P相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部按相序编号分段设置。轭部绕组设置规则是：在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为第一单基极，前方第P个齿部是第一双基极，前方第2*P个齿部是第二单基极，前方第3*P个齿部是第二双基极，依此类推直至第Q单基极和第Q双基极；单基极和双基极都是基极，当P为奇数时，在每个基极的前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段正轭部绕组，这样就设置了2*Q*P段轭部绕组；当P为偶数时，在每个单基极的前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段正轭部绕组，在每个双基极前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段负轭部绕组，这样就设置了2*Q*P段轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组的电线和匝数等内容相同。每相中各段轭部绕组之间的连接方式，包括串联连接、并联连接和混合连接等，均采用成熟技术。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定，所述轭部定向方法如下：平行于转子运动方向选定一个定子铁芯截面，设该截面图中顺时针方向为轭部磁通正向，即当轭部磁通的N极方向顺时针时该段轭部磁通为正向轭部磁通，当轭部磁通的N极方向逆时针时该段轭部磁通为负向轭部磁通。按右手螺旋定则，通入正电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组，通入正电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，通入负电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，通入负电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组通入直流电有三种角色，一是正轭部绕组通入正电流或负轭部绕组通入负电流，形成正向轭部磁通，角色为正轭；二是正轭部绕组通入负电流或负轭部绕组通入正电流，形成负向轭部磁通，角色为负轭；三是轭部绕组不通入电流，形成零轭部磁通，角色为零轭；正轭与负轭互为相反角色。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，形成一组轭部磁通；前方和后方都是异向轭部磁通的一段轭部磁通本身就是一组轭部磁通；每组轭部磁通有头部N端和尾部S端。轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚集法是：不同组的异向轭部磁通相互聚集，即N端与N端聚集，S端与S端聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，与N端最邻近的齿部形成N极，与S 端最邻近的齿部形成S极。随着通入直流电每步变化，变化的磁极形成变化的转动定子磁场。N极是北极，S极是南极，*是乘号，/是除号，+是正号、加号，-是负号、减号。所述各电枢绕组的相序编号是成熟技术，通常以小写英文字母顺序表示。
电枢绕组按轭多极多速法通入P相直流电，每一个通电周期包括2*P步，共2*P个相等的步长时间。每步通入的电流都与定子和转子的相对位置相关，选择每步开始与结束时机、选择直流电导通与关闭时间、选择电相位角度采用成熟技术。成熟技术包括在电机中设置传感器，获得每步位置信号，信号提供给电子控制器从而控制多相逆变器供给各相的电流。每一步通入电流，使转子转动一个步进距离后，开始下一步通入电流。电机启动可以从任何一步开始，并不必须从第一步开始。轭多极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、如此类推直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法，一共是2*(P-1)种通入P相直流电形成多种转速转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以单基极作为这一步单零极，以双基极作为这一步双零极，单零极和双轮机都是零极，当P为奇数时，电流规则是电流使每个零极前方(P-1)段轭部绕组形成正轭负轭正轭负轭正轭负轭的角色排列规律，每个零极后方1段轭部绕组为零轭；当P为偶数时，电流规则是电流使每个单零极前方(P-1)段轭部绕组形成正轭负轭正轭负轭正轭负轭的角色排列规律，且电流使每个双零极前方(P-1)段轭部绕组形成负轭正轭负轭正轭负轭正轭的角色排列规律；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方一段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1/(P-1)个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方一段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1/(P-1)个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方二段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第二段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组 的角色，上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第二段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进2/(P-1)个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方二段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第二段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第二段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退2/(P-1)个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方三段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第三段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第二段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第二段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第三段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进3/(P-1)个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方三段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第三段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第二段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第二段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第三段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退3/(P-1)个极心距。后面的m号顺法和m号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为m/(P-1)个极心距；直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为1个极心距。轭多极多速法每一步的核心，是通过具体通入的电流使各段轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通按前述聚集法在各S极和各N极形成步进距离正确的变化磁极。轭多级多速法每一 步通入各轭部绕组的电流幅值一般是相等，这样控制机构比较简单。当P为偶数时，每一步可有一相不通入电流，即每个零极前一段轭部绕组和后一段轭部绕组的其中之一不通电，这是轭多极多速法特有的减相法，这样控制机构比较简单；还可减小每一步中零极前一段轭部绕组和后一段轭部绕组通入电流的幅值，这是轭多极多速法特有的弱相法，这样需要控制机构比较复杂。减相法和弱相法也属于轭多极多速法。
如上所述，m号顺法每一步使转动定子磁场以m号转速顺时针转动m/(P-1)个极心距，m号逆法每一步使转动定子磁场以m号转速逆时针转动m/(P-1)个极心距，m是自然数，m最大等于(P-1)。所述极心距是相邻的两个定子齿部顶部中心之间的弧度。每一步转动定子磁场转动m/(P-1)个极心距，是指轭多级多速法形成(P-1)对极对数的定子磁场，每一步有m对极对数的磁极发生了位置变化，总平均下来每一步的步进距离为m/(P-1)个极心距。同按轭多极多速法的1号顺法通入直流电形成转动定子磁场，当相倍数为Q时每步步进距离，是相倍数为1时每步步进距离的1/Q倍。在每一步步长时间相同的条件下，本发明定子选择采用各号顺法和各号逆法之一可以形成具有(P-1)种速度之一的转动定子磁场，可以驱动转子转动。参见各实施例。
在轭部绕组设置规则中，把任一相的两段轭部绕组均改为方向相反的轭部绕组；在轭多极多速法的每一种通电方式的每一步中，把该相通入的原直流电对应改为方向相反的直流电，则本发明不变。
三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子的1号顺法的电流波形参见图21，图中t横坐标0至1区间对应的是第1步，1至2区间对应的是第2步。a相电枢绕组第1步通入的正电流用横坐标上方粗线段示意，b相电枢绕组第1步通入的负电流用横坐标下方粗线段示意。正电流与负电流之间一般有一小段不通电的间隔，便于正电流与负电流之间的转换。正电流与正电流之间、负电流与负电流之间可以有一小段间隔，这样省电。正电流与正电流之间、负电流与负电流之间可以没有间隔，这样节约控制机构中开关电路的动作。本发明各实施例讲述的都是相倍数为1的定子，本发明还包括相倍数为Q的定子；从相倍数为1的定子推导相倍数为Q的定子是业内成熟技术。本发明各实施例讲述的都是一个定子与一个转子匹配的电机，本发明还包括双定子与一个转子匹配的电机、双转子与一个定子匹配的电机；推导双定子电机、双转子电机是业内成熟技术。
转子包括永磁转子和凸极磁阻转子，采用其中之一作为转子。其中永磁转子的极对数等于(P-1)，凸极磁阻转子的齿部数等于2*(P-1)。控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和多相电源组成，电源通常是逆变器。所述转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
轭绕组多极多速直流定子，与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成 轭绕组多极多速直流永磁电机。轭绕组多极多速直流定子，与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成轭绕组多极多速直流开关磁阻电机。
图1至图5是三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配四极永磁转子。图1是三相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步。图2是三相1号顺法第2步，图3是三相1号逆法第2步，图4是三相2号顺法第2步、1号顺法第3步，图5是三相2号逆法第2步、1号逆法第3步。图6是四相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配六极永磁转子。图6是四相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图7是四相1号顺法第2步，图8是四相2号顺法第2步、1号顺法第3步，图9是四相3号顺法第2步、1号顺法第4步。图10是五相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配八极永磁转子；图10是五相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图11是五相1号顺法第2步，图12是五相2号顺法第2步、1号顺法第3步，图13是五相3号顺法第2步、1号顺法第4步，图14是五相4号顺法第2步、2号顺法第3步、1号顺法第5步。图15是六相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面图，匹配十极永磁转子；图15是六相各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，图16是六相1号顺法第2步，图18是六相2号顺法第2步、1号顺法第3步，图18是六相3号顺法第2步、1号顺法第4步，图19是六相4号顺法第2步、2号顺法第3步、1号顺法第5步，图20是六相5号顺法第2步、1号顺法第6步。
传统无刷直流电机的定子，各相电枢绕组均围绕定子铁芯齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，各齿部绕组直接形成变化的磁极最终形成转动定子磁场，每步电枢绕组通电率最高66％，转子最多有66％的磁极发挥作用，永磁体的效率不高，只有一种步进距离，组成的电机只有一种额定转速。轭绕组多极多速直流定子，各相电枢绕组围绕定子铁芯轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，创新了定子结构；各轭部绕组形成轭部磁通聚集形成磁极最终形成转动定子磁场，创新了定子磁场运行机制；通入直流电采用轭多极多速法，电枢绕组通电率最低66％、最高100％，提高了通电率，转子最少有66％的磁极发挥作用，提高了永磁体的效率；轭多极多速法可以采用特有的减相法或弱相法，增加了功率控制方法；采用轭绕组多极多速法，可有多种步进距离，组成的电机有多种额定转速，增加了电机功能。轭绕组多极多速直流定子，有益之处还在于：由于轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚磁效应，形成定子磁场的效率较高。由于在同一段轭部上只有同向的轭部绕组，没有异向轭部绕组，不相互干扰，效率较高。由于轭部绕组中平行于电机轴的部分只有一半设置在槽中，需要槽的深度较浅，齿部的高度较矮，自重较轻。本发明创新了电机定子的结构，改进了电机效率，改进了通电方法，增加了功能。在此之前没有相同的电机。
所述定子铁芯、高磁通材料、轭部、齿部、极柱、齿部高度、槽的深度、磁极、聚集、转动定子磁场和极对数均为成熟技术。所述电线、绕组、绕制、电枢绕组、齿部绕组、正极、 负极、连接、步长、极心距、弧度、凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子均为成熟技术。
附图说明
图1是三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例1示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有二对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图2是三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有二对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图3是三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之三，是1号逆法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有二对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图4是三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之四，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有二对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图5是三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之五，是2号逆法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,-a,-b和-c)共六段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有二对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图6是四相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例2示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c，+d,-a,-b,-c和-d)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有三对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图7是四相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有三对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图8是四相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之三，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有三对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图9是四相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d，-a,-b,-c和-d)共八段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有三对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图10是五相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施 例3示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有四对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图11是五相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之二，是1号顺法第1步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有四对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图12是五相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之三，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有四对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图13是五相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有四对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图14是五相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之五，是4号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，-a,-b,-c,-d和-e)共十段，3为定子铁芯齿部，为永磁转子，有四对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图15是六相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之一，是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步，是实施例4示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e，+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图16是六相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之二，是1号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图17是六相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之三，是2号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图18是六相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之四，是3号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图19是六相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之五，是4号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图20是六相轭绕组多极多速直流定子剖面之六，是五号顺法第2步。图中1为定子铁芯 轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,+c,+d,+e,+f,-a,-b,-c,-d,-e和-f)共十二段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子，有五对极对数，5为永磁体，6为绝缘体。
图21是三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子的轭多极多速法的1号顺法的电流波形图，图中三相分三个坐标，横坐标为步长时间t，纵坐标为电流i。
图22是十极柱的凸极磁阻转子。
各图中，大括号指示各轭部绕组的相位序号，相位序号是绕组标示的成熟技术，各轭部绕组以少数匝数电线示意，实际电线匝数按实际需要设置。电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等未画出。在轭多极多速法第某步时各轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通方向如该轭部中所画箭头所示，轭部磁通聚集形成的磁极如图中定子铁芯齿部的S和N所示。各转子永磁体的N极方向如磁体中所画箭头所示，图2、图3、图4、图5、图7、图8、图9、图11、图12、图13、图14、图16、图17、图18、图19和图20中的转子位置可忽略。各部件只示意相互关系，未反映实际尺寸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：三相轭绕组多极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图1。与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相轭绕组多极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使六个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，六段轭部连接六个齿部形成定子铁芯。
每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。同相的一段正轭部绕组与一段负轭部绕组之间为并联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组，本实施例P＝3为奇数，Q＝1；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为单基极，前方第3个齿部是双基极；单基极和双基极都是基极，在每个基极的前方按相序编号依次设置3相共3段正轭部绕组，这样就设置了6段轭部绕组，即第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)和第3相正轭部绕组(+c)。
电枢绕组按轭多极多速法通入3相直流电，每一个通电周期包括6步，共6个相等的步长时间。轭多极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法和2号逆法，一共是4种通入3相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以单基极作为这一步的单零极，以双 基极作为这一步的双零极，当P为奇数时，电流规则是电流使每个零极前方2段轭部绕组形成正轭负轭的角色排列规律，每个零极后方1段轭部绕组为零轭；以后每一步(直至第6步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方一段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1/2个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方一段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1/2个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方二段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第二段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第二段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第6步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方二段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第二段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第二段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第7步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相通入正电流、b相通入负电流和c相不通入电流，参见图1；第2步是a相通入正电流、b相不通入电流和c相通入负电流，参见图2；第3步是a相不通入电流、b相通入正电流和c相通入负电流，参见图3；其后续每一步参见图21中1号顺法电流波形图；第7步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。例如1号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相不通入电流、b相通入负电流和c相通入正电流，参见图3；第3步是a相通入负电流、b相不通入电流和c相通入正电流，参见图5；后续每一步依此类推。例如2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相不通入电流、b相通入正电流和c相通入负电流，参见图4；后续每一步依此类推。2号逆法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相通入负电流、b相不通入电流和c相通入正电流，参见图5；后续每一步依此类推。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和三相电源组成，电源通常是逆变器。转子包括凸极磁 阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相轭绕组多极多速直流永磁电机，永磁转子采用二对极对数永磁转子。参见图1至图5的电机，定子有六齿部，永磁转子有二对极对数(四极)。图1是各号顺法、各号逆法第1步。图2是1号顺法第2步。图3是1号逆法第2步。图4是2号顺法第2步，是1号顺法第3步。图5是2号逆法第2步，是1号逆法第3步。选择1号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动30度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动60度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动30度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动60度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有两种绝对值不同的额定转速，显然只选择其中一种转速就成为单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成三相轭绕组多极多速直流开关磁阻电机，是单速额定转速电机。六极柱定子与四极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。采用1号顺法时，每一步，转子向前转动30度。采用1号逆法时，每一步，转子向后转动30度。
当轭部绕组设置规则改变时，轭多极多速法相应改变。本实施例的另一种匹配如下，轭部绕组设置规则改为：在单基极前方依次设置的3段轭部绕组改为第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相负轭部绕组(-b)和第3相正轭部绕组(+c)，在双基极前方依次设置的3段轭部绕组改为第1相负轭部绕组(-a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)和第3相负轭部绕组(-c)；即b相各段轭部绕组的方向改为相反。相应的轭多极多速法的每一步中b相通入的电流改为相反的电流。本实施例不变。
实施例2：四相轭绕组多极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图6。与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相轭绕组多极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使八个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，八段轭部连接八个齿部形成定子铁芯。
每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。同相的一段正轭部绕组与一段负轭部绕组之间为并联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组，本实施例P＝4为偶数，Q＝1；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为第一单基极，前方第4个齿部是第一双基极；在每个单基极的前方按相序编号依次设置4相共4段正轭部绕组，即第1相正轭部 绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)和第4相正轭部绕组(+d)，在每个双基极前方按相序编号依次设置4相共4段负轭部绕组，即第1相负轭部绕组(-a)、第2相负轭部绕组(-b)、第3相负轭部绕组(-c)和第4相负轭部绕组(-d)，这样就设置了8段轭部绕组。
电枢绕组按轭多极多速法通入4相直流电，每一个通电周期包括8步，共8个相等的步长时间。轭多极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法和3号逆法，一共是6种通入4相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以单基极作为这一步的单零极，以双基极作为这一步的双零极；当P为偶数时，电流规则是电流使每个单零极前方3段轭部绕组形成正轭负轭正轭的角色排列规律，且电流使每个双零极前方3段轭部绕组形成负轭正轭负轭的角色排列规律；以后每一步(直至第8步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1/3个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1/3个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进2/3个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退2/3个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第8步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第9步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相和c相通入正电流、b相和d相通入负电流，参见图6；第2步是a相、c相和d相通入正电流、b相通入负电流， 参见图7；第3步是a相和d相通入正电流、b相和c相通入负电流，参见图8；第4步是a相、b相和d相通入正电流、c相通入负电流，参见图9；后续每一步依此类推。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和四相电源组成，电源通常是逆变器。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相轭绕组多极多速直流永磁电机，参见图6中的电机，定子有四相，永磁转子有三对极对数(六极)。选择1号顺法(或其减相法、或其弱相法)时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动15度；选择2号顺法(或其减相法、或其弱相法)时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动30度；选择3号顺法(或其减相法、或其弱相法)时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动45度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动15度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动30度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动45度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有三种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择其中部分转速成为两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子可以采用轭少极多速法通入4相直流电，与四极永磁转子等部件组成三速额定转速电机。轭少极多速法，采用1号顺法时，每一步，转子向前转动45度；采用2号顺法时，每一步，转子向后转动30度；采用3号顺法时，每一步，转子向前转动15度。所述轭少极多速法参见同日申报专利的《轭绕组少极多速直流定子》。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成四相轭绕组多极多速直流开关磁阻电机，这是二速额定转速电机。八极柱定子与六极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。凸极磁阻转子的齿形，顶面可以是弧形，也可以是城堡形又称为裂极形。电机启动采用1号顺法、1号逆法、3号顺法或3号逆法。1号顺法或3号逆法每一步，六极柱转子顺时针转动15度；1号逆法或3号顺法每一步，六极柱转子逆时针转动15度。电机启动后可以切换到采用2号顺法或2号逆法形成第二额定转速，转子依靠惯性继续维持原转动方向而转速加倍，2号顺法或2号逆法每一步，转子转动30度。
实施例3：五相轭绕组多极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图10。与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组多极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十段轭部连接十个齿部形成定子铁芯。
每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。同相 的一段正轭部绕组与一段负轭部绕组之间为并联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组，本实施例P＝5为奇数，Q＝1；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为单基极，前方第5个齿部是双基极；单基极和双基极都是基极，在每个基极的前方按相序编号依次设置5相共5段正轭部绕组，，这样就设置了10段轭部绕组，即第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)、第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)和第5相正轭部绕组(+e)。
电枢绕组按轭多极多速法通入5相直流电，每一个通电周期包括10步，共10个相等的步长时间。轭多极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法、3号逆法、4号顺法和4号逆法，一共是8种通入5相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以单基极作为这一步的单零极，以双基极作为这一步的双零极，当P为奇数时，电流规则是电流使每个零极前方4段轭部绕组形成正轭负轭正轭负轭的角色排列规律，每个零极后方1段轭部绕组为零轭；以后每一步(直至第10步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方一段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1/4个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方一段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1/4个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方二段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第二段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第二段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进2/4个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方二段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第二段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭 前方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第二段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退2/4个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方三段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第三段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第二段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第二段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第三段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进3/4个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方三段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第三段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第二段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第二段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第三段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退3/4个极心距。4号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方四段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第四个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第四段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第二段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第二段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第三段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第三段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第四段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1个极心距。4号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第10步)，当P为奇数时，原的零轭与前方四段轭部绕组交换角色作为这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第四个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第四段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第二段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第二段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第三段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第三段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第四段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第11步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相和c相通入正电流、b相和d相通入负电流，e相不通入电流，参见图10；第2步是a相和c相通入正电流，b相和e相通入负电流、d相不通入电流，参见图11；第3步是a相和d 相通入正电流，b相和e相通入负电流，c相不通入电流，参见图12；第4步是a相和d相通入正电流，c相和e相通入负电流，b相不通入电流，参见图13；第5步是b相和d相通入正电流，c相和e相通入负电流，a相不通入电流，参见图14；后续每一步依此类推。2号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相和d相通入正电流，b相和e相通入负电流，c相不通入电流，参见图12；后续每一步依此类推。3号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相和d相通入正电流，c相和e相通入负电流，b相不通入电流，参见图13；后续每一步依此类推。4号顺法第1步同1号顺法第1步；是b相和d相通入正电流，c相和e相通入负电流，a相不通入电流，参见图14；后续每一步依此类推。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和五相电源组成，电源通常是逆变器。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组多极多速直流永磁电机。定子有五相，永磁转子有八极(四对极对数)。选择1号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动9度；选择2号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动18度；选择3号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动27度；选择4号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动36度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动9度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动18度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动27度；选择4号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动36度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有四种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择其中部分转速成为三速额定转速电机、两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成五相轭绕组多极多速直流开关磁阻电机，这是两速额定转速电机。十极柱定子与八极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。采用1号顺法或4号逆法每一步，八极柱转子顺时针转动9度，1号逆法或4号顺法每一步，八极柱转子逆时针转动9度，2号顺法或3号逆法每一步，八极柱转子顺时针转动18度，2号逆法或3号顺法每一步，八极柱转子逆时针转动18度。
实施例4：六相轭绕组多极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，参见图15。与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相轭绕组多极多速直流电机。转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使十二个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，十二段轭部连接十二个齿部形成定子铁芯。
每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。同相 的一段正轭部绕组与一段负轭部绕组之间为并联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。轭部绕组设置规则是：P相的电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组包括2*Q段的轭部绕组，本实施例P＝6为偶数，Q＝1；在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为单基极，前方第6个齿部是双基极；在单基极的前方按相序编号依次设置6相共6段正轭部绕组，即第1相正轭部绕组(+a)、第2相正轭部绕组(+b)、第3相正轭部绕组(+c)、第4相正轭部绕组(+d)、第5相正轭部绕组(+e)和第6相正轭部绕组(+f)，在双基极前方按相序编号依次设置6相共6段负轭部绕组，即第1相负轭部绕组(-a)、第2相负轭部绕组(-b)、第3相负轭部绕组(-c)、第4相负轭部绕组(-d)、第5相负轭部绕组(-e)和第6相负轭部绕组(-f)，这样就设置了12段轭部绕组。
电枢绕组按轭多极多速法通入6相直流电，每一个通电周期包括12步，共12个相等的步长时间。轭多极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、3号顺法、3号逆法、4号顺法、4号逆法、5号顺法和5号逆法，一共是10种通入6相直流电形成转动定子磁场的法。1号顺法是：第1步，以单基极作为这一步的单零极，以双基极作为这一步的双零极；当P为偶数时，电流规则是电流使每个单零极前方5段轭部绕组形成正轭负轭正轭负轭正轭的角色排列规律，且电流使每个双零极前方5段轭部绕组形成负轭正轭负轭正轭负轭的角色排列规律；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1/5个极心距。1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1/5个极心距。2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进2/5个极心距。2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退2/5个极心距。3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变； 第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进3/5个极心距。3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退3/5个极心距。4号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第四个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进4/5个极心距。4号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第四个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退4/5个极心距。5号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第五个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为前进1个极心距。5号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第12步)，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第五个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变；第13步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期；其每一步步进距离为后退1个极心距。例如1号顺法第1步是a相、c相和e相通入正电流，b相、d相和f相通入负电流，参见图15；第2步是a相、c相、e相和f相通入正电流，b相和d相通入负电流，参见图16；第3步是a相、c相和f相通入正电流，b相、d相和e相通入负电流，参见图17；第4步是a相、c相、d相和f相通入正电流，b相和e相通入负电流，参见图18；第5步是a相、d相和f相通入正电流，b相、c相和e相通入负电流，参见图19；第6步是a相、b相、d相和f相通入正电流，c相和e相通入负电流，参见图20；后续每一步依此类推。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和六相电源组成，电源通常是逆变器。转子包括凸极磁阻转子和永磁转子。
本实施例定子与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相轭绕组多极多速直流永磁电机。参见图15中的电机，定子有十二极柱，永磁转子有十极(五对极对数)。选择1号顺法(或其减相法、或其弱相法)时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动6度；选择2号顺法(或其减相法、或其弱相法)时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动12度；选择3号顺法(或其减相法、或其弱相法)时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动18度；选择4 号顺法(或其减相法、或其弱相法)时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动24度；选择五号顺法(或其减相法、或其弱相法)时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向前转动30度；选择1号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动6度；选择2号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动12度；选择3号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动18度；选择4号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动24度；选择5号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场和转子向后转动30度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有五种绝对值不同的额定转速。显然可以只选择其中部分转速成为四速额定转速电机、三速额定转速电机、两速额定转速电机或单速额定转速电机。与实施例2相类似，本实施例定子也可采用少极多速法通入6相直流电，与十极永磁转子等部件组成五速额定转速电机。
本实施例定子与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成六相轭绕组多极多速直流开关磁阻电机，是三速额定转速电机。十二极柱定子与十极柱凸极磁阻转子的匹配是成熟技术。十极柱凸极磁阻转子参见图22。电机可采用八种方法启动，即：采用1号顺法或5号逆法每一步，十极柱转子顺时针转动6度，1号逆法或五号顺法每一步，十极柱转子逆时针转动6度，2号顺法或4号逆法每一步，十极柱转子顺时针转动12度，2号逆法或4号顺法每一步，十极柱转子逆时针转动12度。电机启动后凸极磁阻转子依靠惯性维持原有转动方向，可以切换采用两种方法实现第三种额定转速，即：采用3号顺法或3号逆法每一步，十极柱转子转动18度。
在以上各实施例中，未显示定子的极弧、齿宽、齿高(极高)、齿形、轭厚度、线径、匝数、转子的详细性质和控制机构的详细性质等指标，对这些指标的优化选取均采用成熟技术。
以上描述了本发明基本原理、主要特征和优点，业内技术人员应该了解，本发明不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明的变化与改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求及同等物界定。

Claims (2)

  1. 轭绕组多极多速直流定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成电机，特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕轭部绕制形成轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，按轭多极多速法通入多相直流电，形成变化的轭部磁通、形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的转动定子磁场；
    定子铁芯采用成熟技术，包括齿部和轭部，有2*Q*P个齿部，有2*Q*P段轭部；
    电枢绕组是通入P相直流电形成变化的轭部磁通、形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种转速转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括P相电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部按相序编号分段设置，轭部绕组设置规则是：在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为第一单基极，前方第P个齿部是第一双基极，前方第2*P个齿部是第二单基极，前方第3*P个齿部是第二双基极，依此类推，直至第Q单基极和第Q双基极；单基极和双基极都是基极，当P为奇数时，在每个基极的前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段正轭部绕组，这样就设置了2*Q*P段轭部绕组；当P为偶数时，在每个单基极的前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段正轭部绕组，在每个双基极前方按相序编号依次设置P相共P段负轭部绕组，这样就设置了2*Q*P段轭部绕组；
    电枢绕组按轭多极多速法通入P相直流电，每一个通电周期包括2*P步，共2*P个相等的步长时间；轭多极多速法包括1号顺法、1号逆法、2号顺法、2号逆法、如此类推直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法，一共是2*(P-1)种通入P相直流电形成多种转速转动定子磁场的法；1号顺法是：第1步，以单基极作为这一步的单零极，以双基极作为这一步的双零极，单零极和双零极都是零极，当P为奇数时，电流规则是电流使每个零极前方(P-1)段轭部绕组形成正轭负轭正轭负轭正轭负轭的角色排列规律，每个零极后方1段轭部绕组为零轭，当P为偶数时，电流规则是电流使每个单零极前方(P-1)段轭部绕组形成正轭负轭正轭负轭正轭负轭的角色排列规律，且电流使每个双零极前方(P-1)段轭部绕组形成负轭正轭负轭正轭负轭正轭的角色排列规律，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方一段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为前进1/(P-1)个极心距；1号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方一段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭 在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第一个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为后退1/(P-1)个极心距；2号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方二段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第二段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第二段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为前进2/(P-1)个极心距；2号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方二段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第二段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第二段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第二个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为后退2/(P-1)个极心距；3号顺法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与后方三段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极后方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭后方第三段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原后方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第二段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭后方第二段轭部绕组在这一步采用原后方第三段轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极后方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为前进3/(P-1)个极心距；3号逆法是：第1步同1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第2*P步)，当P为奇数时，上一步零轭与前方三段轭部绕组交换角色形成这一步零轭，即：用上一步零极前方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，用上一步零轭前方第三段轭部绕组作为这一步零轭，上一步零轭在这一步采用原前方第一段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第一段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第二段轭部绕组的角色，上一步零轭前方第二段轭部绕组在这一步采用原前方第三段 轭部绕组的角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，当P为偶数时，用上一步零极前方第三个齿部作为这一步零极，上一步零极与这一步零极之间的各轭部绕组换成与上一步相反角色，其余轭部绕组角色不变，第(2*P+1)步与第1步相同，开始下一个通电周期，其每一步步进距离为后退3/(P-1)个极心距；后面的m号顺法和m号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为m/(P-1)个极心距；直至(P-1)号顺法和(P-1)号逆法依此类推，其每一步步进距离为1个极心距；
    转子包括永磁转子和凸极磁阻转子，采用其中之一作为转子；控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和多相电源组成；转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术；
    轭绕组多极多速直流定子，与永磁转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成轭绕组多极多速直流永磁电机。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的轭绕组多极多速直流定子，与凸极磁阻转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成轭绕组多极多速直流开关磁阻电机。
PCT/CN2022/079040 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 轭绕组多极多速直流定子 WO2023164883A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/079040 WO2023164883A1 (zh) 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 轭绕组多极多速直流定子

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/079040 WO2023164883A1 (zh) 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 轭绕组多极多速直流定子

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023164883A1 true WO2023164883A1 (zh) 2023-09-07

Family

ID=87882873

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/079040 WO2023164883A1 (zh) 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 轭绕组多极多速直流定子

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023164883A1 (zh)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR11616E (fr) * 1908-06-04 1910-03-30 Manu Stern Procédé et appareil pour la régulation de la vitesse des moteurs à induction
CN1063004A (zh) * 1990-12-29 1992-07-22 昆明市公用事业局 交流电动机的步进调速及装置
CN1171648A (zh) * 1997-05-21 1998-01-28 林哲民 开关调速电动机
CN1262548A (zh) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-09 山洋电气株式会社 永久磁铁型步进电机
CN1536755A (zh) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-13 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 开关磁阻电机变极器驱动电路
CN105576921A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2016-05-11 毛恒春 可动态重构的电机、电机系统及电机动态重构方法
CN107546946A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2018-01-05 河南理工大学 一种m相定子绕组开关磁阻电机及驱动方法、变极方法
CN108900014A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-27 珠海凯邦电机制造有限公司 一种定子铁芯、定子和电机

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR11616E (fr) * 1908-06-04 1910-03-30 Manu Stern Procédé et appareil pour la régulation de la vitesse des moteurs à induction
CN1063004A (zh) * 1990-12-29 1992-07-22 昆明市公用事业局 交流电动机的步进调速及装置
CN1171648A (zh) * 1997-05-21 1998-01-28 林哲民 开关调速电动机
CN1262548A (zh) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-09 山洋电气株式会社 永久磁铁型步进电机
CN1536755A (zh) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-13 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 开关磁阻电机变极器驱动电路
CN105576921A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2016-05-11 毛恒春 可动态重构的电机、电机系统及电机动态重构方法
CN107546946A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2018-01-05 河南理工大学 一种m相定子绕组开关磁阻电机及驱动方法、变极方法
CN108900014A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-27 珠海凯邦电机制造有限公司 一种定子铁芯、定子和电机

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2652080B2 (ja) ハイブリッド形ステッピングモータ
US4752707A (en) Three-phase, one-third pitch motor
USRE45912E1 (en) Electric motor
JP2002272074A (ja) 永久磁石式３相交流回転電気機器
WO2009056879A1 (en) Permanent magnet reluctance machines
WO2010015819A2 (en) Micro-stepping reluctance motor
CN104779760B (zh) 一种低转矩脉动电励磁双凸极无刷直流电机及其控制系统
JP6227171B2 (ja) 極数切替型回転電機および極数切替型回転電機の駆動方法
US20090302787A1 (en) Induction and switched reluctance motor
JP2011120465A (ja) ２相ｂｌｄｃモータ
CN107546946A (zh) 一种m相定子绕组开关磁阻电机及驱动方法、变极方法
US4847982A (en) Method of winding a three-phase, one-third pitch motor
WO2023164883A1 (zh) 轭绕组多极多速直流定子
JP2013115843A (ja) モータ装置
WO2023164874A1 (zh) 轭绕组少极多速直流定子
WO2023164882A1 (zh) 齿绕组多极多速直流定子
WO2023164871A1 (zh) 齿绕组少极多速直流定子
JP2001169517A (ja) コンデンサ電動機
WO2023168552A1 (zh) 二相定子六极转子直流多速电机
JPH01198264A (ja) 電動機
WO2023164880A1 (zh) 轭绕组多速罩极电动机
CN112165231A (zh) 一种互补型轴向气隙磁通永磁开关磁阻电机
WO2023164866A1 (zh) 轭绕组多速单相交流电机
WO2023164879A1 (zh) 轭绕组罩极正反电动机
CN117277622A (zh) 轭绕组单相交流开关磁阻电机定子

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22929332

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1