WO2023161915A2 - Éclairage horticole et procédé d'utilisation - Google Patents

Éclairage horticole et procédé d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023161915A2
WO2023161915A2 PCT/IB2023/054976 IB2023054976W WO2023161915A2 WO 2023161915 A2 WO2023161915 A2 WO 2023161915A2 IB 2023054976 W IB2023054976 W IB 2023054976W WO 2023161915 A2 WO2023161915 A2 WO 2023161915A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
light emission
emission profile
led array
far
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2023/054976
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2023161915A3 (fr
Inventor
Otto Horlacher
Original Assignee
Otto Horlacher
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Otto Horlacher filed Critical Otto Horlacher
Publication of WO2023161915A2 publication Critical patent/WO2023161915A2/fr
Publication of WO2023161915A3 publication Critical patent/WO2023161915A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a luminaire that is used for growing plants in an indoor environment and which includes an array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source.
  • the invention extends to a method associated with such use of the luminaire.
  • the spectrum of light relevant to growth and development of plants ranges between 300 to 800 nanometers (nm).
  • Far-red radiation or light can be defined as photons with wavelengths from 700 to 800 nm.
  • Sunlight includes almost as much far-red radiation as red light. This far-red light is barely visible to humans.
  • Plant leaves effectively absorb red light but reflect or transmit most far-red light. Plants perceive this filtering of light and stimulate growth intended to avoid shade and capture available light. This phenomenon may be referred to as “shadeavoidance response”. Far-red light accordingly has a marked effect on extension growth of plants. This may influence branching and the size and elongation of stems and leaves. Far-red light may also promote flowering in some plants.
  • the Emerson effect refers to an increase photosynthesis rate when chloroplasts are simultaneously exposed to light of wavelength 680 nm (deep red spectrum) and of wavelength more than 680 nm (far-red spectrum). The exposure to both wavelengths results in a rate of photosynthesis that is significantly higher than the sum of the red light and far-red light photosynthesis rates.
  • the effect was discovered by Dr. Robert Emerson and provided evidence of cooperation in photosynthesis where two photosystems are processing different wavelengths.
  • the industry will benefit from any improvements that can be made to growth cycle gains and intervals and/or chemical yields of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD).
  • the invention preferably applies to the indoor growing of cannabis.
  • a horticultural luminaire which includes: a housing with at least two arrays of light emitting diodes (LEDs); a first array comprising white (or full spectrum) light emitting LEDs and a second array comprising far-red light emitting LEDs; in which the first LED array is provided with a first electricity supply circuit and first LED driver and the second LED array is provided with a second electricity supply circuit and second LED driver; the first LED array and the second LED array to be independently operated at different times or at the same time to provide light emission profiles selected from:
  • a first light emission profile (W) comprising separate white light without far-red light when only the first circuit is activated
  • FR second light emission profile
  • a third light emission profile comprising a combination of white light and far-red light when both the first circuit and the second circuit are activated.
  • the invention further provides for the luminaire to include a third array comprising LEDs that emit UVA light, in which the third LED array is provided with a third electricity supply circuit and third LED driver, and for the third LED array to be independently operated to provide UVA light as part of the first light emission profile, as part of the second light emission profile, as part of the third light emission profile and/or as a fourth light emission profile (UV) comprising separate UVA light without white light or far-red light when only the third circuit is activated.
  • a third array comprising LEDs that emit UVA light
  • the third LED array is provided with a third electricity supply circuit and third LED driver
  • UV fourth light emission profile
  • a separate switch to be provided in a live wire of each power supply circuit; and/or for the power supply circuits to be connected to a control apparatus that is programmable to provide a selected light emission profile at a required schedule.
  • a method of providing indoor light to grow Cannabis plants which includes: use of a luminaire as defined above; and independently operating the first LED array and the second LED array at different times or at the same time; to provide light emission profiles selected from:
  • a method of providing indoor light to grow Cannabis plants which includes: use of a luminaire as claimed in claim 2; and independently operating the first LED array, the second LED array and the third LED array at different times or at the same time; to provide light emission profiles selected from:
  • the invention further provides for the features of the method to include further features of the luminaire defined above and/or aspects of the light regimens referred to in the description below as achieved by suitable operation of the luminaire.
  • Figure 1 which shows a bottom side view of a schematically illustrated horticultural luminaire and electricity supply circuits.
  • Cannabis plants have growth stages. The different stages require different amounts of nutrients, water and light. The latter is relevant to the current invention - specifically in the context of an indoor growing environment which will preferably be on a large commercial scale to supply a cannabis crop for use in the medicinal use industry. (This specification does not deal with supply of nutrients and water.)
  • a cannabis clone is a cutting from a living plant which is treated with a hormone to develop roots.
  • the plant from which it was taken is called a mother plant.
  • the use of clones avoids the seed germination phase. Once the clone has developed roots it can be planted as a seedling.
  • the more significant variability in growth cycle time for a cannabis plant occurs in the vegetative stage, which follows the seedling phase and occurs before flowering.
  • vegetative stage When growing outdoors, the crop is seasonal and the plants start to flower with the shortening of days in autumn. Indoor growing allows for a cannabis plant to be induced into the flowering stage through artificial light control. This may take place after only a few weeks or after several weeks. The duration of the vegetative stage will affect the size of the plant that is taken to flower.
  • the invention provides a horticultural luminaire (1 ) which includes a housing (2) with at least two arrays of light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this embodiment, there are three arrays of LEDs (3; 4; 5). The luminaire will be used in a hydroponics growing room.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • Each array (3; 4; 5) is provided with a separate power supply circuit (6; 7; 8) having a live (L) and neutral (N) line for independent wiring of each power supply circuit to an electricity supply.
  • the three circuits (6; 7; 8) are also wired to control apparatus (not shown), which will be of suitable electronic type. More specifically, a first array comprises white light emitting LEDs (3) and a second array comprises far-red light emitting LEDs (4).
  • the arrangement provides for a luminaire wherein:
  • the white light LEDs of the first array (3) provide full spectrum white light and the second array (4) emit far-red light at 730 nm;
  • the first LED array (3) is provided with a first electricity supply circuit (6) and first LED driver (12) and the second LED array (4) is provided with a second electricity supply circuit (7) and second LED driver (13).
  • the first LED array (3) and the second LED array (4) will be operated independently by the control apparatus which powers the LED arrays at different times or at the same time to provide light emission profiles selected from:
  • a first light emission profile (W) comprising separate white light without far- red light when only the first circuit is activated
  • FR second light emission profile
  • a third light emission profile comprising a combination of white light and far-red light when both the first circuit and the second circuit are activated.
  • the third array (5) comprises LEDs that emit UVA light at 395 nm and is also provided with a separate, third electricity supply circuit (8) and third LED driver (14) for independent operation by the control apparatus.
  • This operation of the third LED array (5) provides for UVA light to be part of the first light emission profile, the second light emission profile and/or the third light emission profile.
  • a fourth light emission profile (UV) is provided which comprises separate UVA light without white light or far-red light when only the third circuit is activated.
  • a separate switch (9; 10; 11 ) is provided in the live wire (L) of each power supply circuit (6; 7; 8). The three switches are connected to the control apparatus which will enable operation of the luminaire to achieve the results referred to below. (In a simplified version of the luminaire, each switch may be manually operated by a user.)
  • the objective is to be able to create a canopy that covers as much of the space as possible. This growth serves to maximize use of the light source provided by increasing the size of the plant to receive light. The faster the canopy can be created, the sooner a grower can switch the plants to the flowering stage, shortening the overall growth period. Far- red light is not used in the vegetative cycle.
  • Switching to the flowering stage involves changing the light cycle to 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night. Using the far-red light with the full spectrum white light for the first 2-4 weeks (dependent on the strain) will increase the rate of photosynthesis and increase the stretch in the plant.
  • the plant needs full spectrum white light for a cycle of 18 hours of day and 6 hours of night. This ensures the plant remains in the vegetative cycle. It is recommended that 2 weeks before cloning, far-red light is switched on with the full spectrum white light This will cause the plant to stretch which will result in more opportunity for cloning.
  • the far-red light is not used during the cloning period. This is the period from the time that the clone is cut from the mother plant and during which it grows roots for planting as a seedling.
  • the invention further provides for a method of providing indoor light to grow plants, which includes the use of the luminaire in Figure 1.
  • This apparatus uniquely provides three circuits respectively for the three LED arrays, which allows a user to easily operate the three LED arrays in a manner that provides the various light emission profiles referred to.
  • the method of the invention involves providing one or more of a grower to select alight exposure regimen as desired or required by that grower and a particular variety of Cannabis.
  • the different circuits of the luminaire allow for the provision of full spectrum white light, far-red light on a separate circuit, and/or UVA light on a third circuit.
  • the circuits can be used separately or in conjunction to allow a grower to implement the following growth advantages:
  • an 18 hour light cycle is comprised by the first light emission profile (W) - in other words, 18 hours full spectrum white only then 6 hours sleep;
  • the 18 hour light cycle may: commence with approximately 10 minutes of the third emission profile (W/FR) to simulate sunrise; be followed by the first light emission profile (W); and conclude with approximately 10 to 15 minutes the third emission profile (W/FR) to simulate sunset.
  • a grower may lower the W emission profile (instead of using FR) to simulate sunrise and sunset for half an hour to begin with and half an hour to end the 18 hour light cycle.
  • the 18 hour light cycle period must not however be exceeded.
  • the 12 hour light cycle may be followed by approximately 30 minutes provided in accordance with the second light emission profile (FR).
  • the 30 minutes of FR needs to be within the 12 hour cycle and must not exceed the 12 hour light cycle.
  • far-red light whether by itself or with full spectrum white light, will not exceed the time cycle of the light (either 18 hours of day and 6 hours of night during the vegetative or mothering cycle or 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night during the flower cycle). Should the time be set to exceed these guidelines, the plant may be at risk of hermaphroditism due to inconsistent lighting schedules.
  • the plants When mother plants are in the mothering stage, for about 2 weeks before cloning, the plants may be exposed to a third light emission profile (W/FR).
  • W/FR third light emission profile
  • the light treatment regimen options allow for a grower to provide Emerson effect increases in photosynthesis as well as side growth and leaf size benefits. There is also an evening of canopy if multiple strains grow in same room.
  • the far-red light serves to increase Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) and is used until 2 weeks before harvest.
  • PPFD Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density
  • the petalless flowers or buds for harvesting start to form at the beginning of the flowering stage.
  • the plants can be harvested once buds have reached full maturation.
  • UVA light on flowering plants to the produce a response that is accompanied by production and/or migration of resin containing Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
  • THC Tetrahydrocannabinol
  • the method features of the invention enable an accelerated growth cycle through any one or more of the various stages.
  • the luminaire of the invention enables a varied operation of the different LED arrays to achieve light emission profiles.
  • the separate circuits allow for simple wiring and the operation may be automated by using programs and timers as required.
  • This method provides for shade avoidance and/or Emerson effect to be used in cannabis growth when combining the use of two spectrums together; far-red (at 730 nm) and full spectrum white (400-700 nm).
  • Far-red is typically used because it regulates flowering, mediates stress and triggers “shade avoidance response”, which causes stretching and leaf expansion.
  • the increase in leaf size allows the plant to receive more light, and thus can potentially increase overall growth.
  • the stretching is caused because the top leaves of the cannabis plant receive most of the deep red light and transmit most of the far-red. Due to this, the lower leaves will receive more far-red than deep red and respond by elongating in order to find more light.
  • the invention is beneficially applied to Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica plants and both species may be farmed to provide a simultaneous harvest.
  • a person skilled in the art will appreciate that a number of other variations can be made to the described examples without departing from the scope of the current invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un luminaire horticole qui comprend un boîtier doté de trois réseaux de diodes électroluminescentes (DEL) différentes dont chacun est connecté à un circuit séparé de façon à pouvoir être activé de manière indépendante par un commutateur approprié ou par un agencement de dispositifs de commande approprié. Les DEL des trois réseaux sont respectivement destinées à émettre une lumière blanche (ou à spectre complet), une lumière dans le rouge lointain et une lumière UVA. L'activation des trois circuits fournit des profils d'émission de lumière qui peuvent comprendre une combinaison de ces types de lumière ou uniquement l'un de ces types de lumière. L'invention s'étend à l'utilisation du luminaire dans un procédé de fourniture de lumière intérieure destiné à faire pousser des plants de cannabis dans le but de fournir un régime d'exposition à la lumière approprié basé sur le stade de croissance des plants de cannabis.
PCT/IB2023/054976 2022-12-02 2023-05-15 Éclairage horticole et procédé d'utilisation WO2023161915A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA202213069 2022-12-02
ZA2022/13069 2022-12-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023161915A2 true WO2023161915A2 (fr) 2023-08-31
WO2023161915A3 WO2023161915A3 (fr) 2023-10-05

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PCT/IB2023/054976 WO2023161915A2 (fr) 2022-12-02 2023-05-15 Éclairage horticole et procédé d'utilisation

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11116143B2 (en) * 2015-03-25 2021-09-14 Vitabeam Ltd. Method and an apparatus for stimulation of plant growth and development with near infrared and visible lights
US10238043B1 (en) * 2018-02-28 2019-03-26 Spectrum King LLC Full spectrum LED grow light system
JP2021119743A (ja) * 2018-05-01 2021-08-19 株式会社芝川製作所 植物栽培用のｌｅｄ照明装置及びそのｌｅｄ照明方法
US11297775B1 (en) * 2021-07-22 2022-04-12 Boulder Lamp, Inc. LED grow light system with time varying light intensity

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