WO2023161759A1 - 光学機器および電子機器 - Google Patents

光学機器および電子機器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023161759A1
WO2023161759A1 PCT/IB2023/051258 IB2023051258W WO2023161759A1 WO 2023161759 A1 WO2023161759 A1 WO 2023161759A1 IB 2023051258 W IB2023051258 W IB 2023051258W WO 2023161759 A1 WO2023161759 A1 WO 2023161759A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
light
emitting
lens
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2023/051258
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
初見亮
池田寿雄
中村太紀
廣瀬丈也
塚本洋介
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Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
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Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd filed Critical Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
Priority to US18/840,649 priority Critical patent/US12443072B2/en
Priority to CN202380021069.XA priority patent/CN118974607A/zh
Priority to KR1020247030546A priority patent/KR20240150599A/ko
Priority to DE112023001094.3T priority patent/DE112023001094T5/de
Priority to JP2024502581A priority patent/JPWO2023161759A1/ja
Publication of WO2023161759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023161759A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US19/332,573 priority patent/US20260018263A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133543—Cholesteric polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/005—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for correction of secondary colour or higher-order chromatic aberrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
    • G02B27/022—Viewing apparatus
    • G02B27/024—Viewing apparatus comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies
    • G02B27/026—Viewing apparatus comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies and a display device, e.g. CRT, LCD, for adding markings or signs or to enhance the contrast of the viewed object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133636—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with twisted orientation, e.g. comprising helically oriented LC-molecules or a plurality of twisted birefringent sublayers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/955—Retrieval from the web using information identifiers, e.g. uniform resource locators [URL]
    • G06F16/9558—Details of hyperlinks; Management of linked annotations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/0482—Interaction with lists of selectable items, e.g. menus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
    • G16H10/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for electronic clinical trials or questionnaires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
    • G16H10/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B2003/0093—Simple or compound lenses characterised by the shape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
    • G02B2027/0116—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display comprising devices for correcting chromatic aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type

Definitions

  • One aspect of the present invention relates to an optical device and an electronic device.
  • one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
  • a technical field of one embodiment of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to a product, a method, or a manufacturing method.
  • one aspect of the invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Therefore, the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification more specifically includes semiconductor devices, display devices, liquid crystal display devices, light-emitting devices, lighting devices, power storage devices, storage devices, imaging devices, and the like. Methods of operation or methods of their manufacture may be mentioned as an example.
  • a semiconductor device in this specification and the like refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
  • a transistor and a semiconductor circuit are modes of a semiconductor device.
  • Storage devices, display devices, imaging devices, and electronic devices may include semiconductor devices.
  • Goggle-type devices and glasses-type devices have been developed as electronic devices for virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR).
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • Display devices that can be applied to the display panel typically include a display device that includes a liquid crystal element, a display device that includes an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) element, a light emitting diode (LED), or the like. .
  • a display device that includes a liquid crystal element
  • a display device that includes an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) element
  • a light emitting diode LED
  • Patent Document 1 describes an example of a display device using an organic EL element.
  • Electronic devices such as goggle-type devices and eyeglass-type devices are a type of wearable device, and are desired to be small and thin in order to improve portability and wearability. Therefore, such electronic devices use thin optical devices designed to have a short focal length.
  • the optical device uses a half mirror with low light utilization efficiency, and it is necessary to increase the luminance of the display device.
  • Increasing the luminance of a display device causes an increase in power consumption of electronic equipment and a decrease in reliability of the display device. Therefore, an optical device that is thin and has high light utilization efficiency is desired.
  • the number of lenses is small in order to manufacture thin and inexpensive optical instruments.
  • lenses have various aberrations, and multiple lenses, such as a combination of a convex lens and a concave lens, are often used to correct these aberrations.
  • it is effective to use a lens made of a material with little light dispersion for correcting chromatic aberration, but the cost is higher than using a general optical glass material.
  • an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a thin optical device with high light utilization efficiency. Another object is to provide an optical device with little chromatic aberration. Another object is to provide a compact electronic device including the optical device. Another object is to provide an electronic device with low power consumption. Another object is to provide a novel electronic device.
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to an optical device that is thin, has high light utilization efficiency, and has little chromatic aberration.
  • the present invention also relates to an electronic device having the optical device.
  • One aspect of the present invention includes a first reflective polarizer, a first lens, an optical rotator, a retardation plate, a second reflective polarizer, and a second lens, and a first The reflective polarizer of the blue
  • An optical device that reflects one of right-handed circularly polarized light and left-handed circularly polarized light and transmits the other of right-handed circularly polarized light and left-handed circularly polarized light in the wavelength range of light to red light.
  • the second reflective polarizer has a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer, the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer each having a helical It has cholesteric liquid crystals with different pitches and can be arranged from the optical rotator side in that order.
  • the helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystals in the second layer is larger than the helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystals in the first layer and smaller than the helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystals in the third layer.
  • the distance from the surface of the second layer to the surface of the first layer is preferably longer than the distance from the surface of the second layer to the surface of the third layer.
  • the first reflective polarizer can transmit a first linearly polarized light and reflect a second linearly polarized light orthogonal to the first linearly polarized light.
  • the optical rotator can have an optical rotation of 45°. Also, a quarter-wave plate can be used as the retardation plate.
  • the first lens and the second lens can be convex lenses.
  • a linear polarizing plate may be provided on the light incident surface side of the first reflective polarizing plate.
  • An electronic device in which two combinations of the optical device and the display device are provided in a housing and a band for attaching the housing to the head is also one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the display device preferably has an organic EL element.
  • an optical device that is thin and has high light utilization efficiency can be provided.
  • a small electronic device including the optical device can be provided.
  • Another object is to provide an electronic device with low power consumption.
  • a novel electronic device can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a display device and an optical device.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an optical device.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a reflective polarizing plate.
  • 4A to 4G are diagrams for explaining optical instruments.
  • 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining chromatic aberration.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the model used for the simulation.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining simulation results.
  • 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating the application of simulation results.
  • 9A to 9E are diagrams illustrating reflective polarizers.
  • 10A to 10C are diagrams for explaining the display panel.
  • 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating a spectacles-type device.
  • 12A to 12C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of the display panel.
  • FIG. 13A and 13B are diagrams for explaining a configuration example of a display panel.
  • 14A to 14F are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of pixels.
  • 15A and 15B are diagrams for explaining a configuration example of a display panel.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display panel.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display panel.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display panel.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display panel.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display panel.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display panel.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display panel.
  • 23A to 23F are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of light-emitting devices.
  • 24A to 24C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of light-emitting devices.
  • the element may be composed of a plurality of elements as long as there is no functional problem.
  • multiple transistors operating as switches may be connected in series or in parallel.
  • the capacitor may be divided and arranged at a plurality of positions.
  • one conductor may have multiple functions such as wiring, electrode, and terminal, and in this specification, multiple names may be used for the same element. Also, even if the circuit diagram shows that the elements are directly connected, the elements may actually be connected via one or more conductors. In this specification, such a configuration is also included in the category of direct connection.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a thin optical device that includes a first reflective polarizer, a lens, an optical rotator, a retardation plate, and a second reflective polarizer.
  • a thin optical device can be obtained by utilizing the rotation of the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light by the optical rotator and the selective reflection characteristics of the second reflective polarizing plate for circularly polarized light. Further, since the optical device of one embodiment of the present invention does not use a half mirror, it has high light utilization efficiency.
  • the chromatic aberration of the optical system can be reduced by forming the second reflective polarizing plate into a layered structure.
  • chromatic aberration can be compensated for without increasing the number of lenses, so that an inexpensive and high-quality optical device can be provided.
  • An electronic device such as a goggle-type device or an eyeglass-type device has a configuration in which a display device and an optical device are combined in order to widen a viewing angle.
  • the optical device of one embodiment of the present invention for the electronic device, the electronic device can be small and thin, consumes low power, and has high quality and reliability.
  • an optical device of one embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which a plurality of optical components are combined.
  • a case in which the configuration is housed is simply called a lens.
  • it is sometimes called a pancake lens because of its thin shape.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a display device and an optical device that can be used for electronic devices of one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the display device 30 and the optics 40 are spaced apart so as to have overlapping regions.
  • the user can see the image displayed on the display device 30 by bringing the eye 10 closer to the vicinity of the optical device 40 . Since the user visually recognizes the image with the viewing angle widened by the optical device 40, the user can obtain a sense of immersion and realism.
  • the display device 30 has a configuration in which a display panel 31 and a linear polarizing plate 32 are arranged so as to have regions that overlap each other.
  • a configuration in which a linear polarizing plate 32 is adhered to the display surface of a display panel 31 can be employed.
  • the linear polarizing plate 32 may not be an element of the display device 30 and may be provided between the display device 30 (display panel 31) and the optical device 40. FIG. Alternatively, it may be arranged as an element of the optical device 40 on the side of the light incident surface of the optical device 40 (the side of the incident surface of the reflective polarizing plate 41).
  • the optical device 40 has a region where a reflective polarizer 41, a lens 42, an optical rotator 43, a retardation plate 44, a reflective polarizer 45, and a lens 46 overlap each other.
  • the first surface means one surface of each element
  • the second surface means the opposite surface to the first surface.
  • the first surface of the reflective polarizing plate 41 may be attached to the first surface of the lens 42 .
  • the first surface of the retardation plate 44 is attached to the first surface of the optical rotator 43
  • the first surface of the reflective polarizing plate 45 is attached to the second surface of the retardation plate 44
  • the reflective polarizing plate A configuration in which the first surface of the lens 46 is bonded to the second surface of the lens 45 can be employed.
  • the lens 42 and the reflective polarizing plate 45 are disposed apart from each other. Therefore, when the optical rotator 43 and the reflective polarizer 45 are attached together as described above, it is preferable to separate the second surface of the lens 42 from the second surface of the optical rotator 43 .
  • one element in bonding one element and the other element described above, a material having high transmittance with respect to the wavelength of light to be used (for example, the wavelength range of visible light), absorption of specific polarized light, and birefringence is required. No optical adhesive can be used.
  • one element may be formed in contact with the other element by using a method such as coating instead of bonding.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating part of an optical path in an optical device of one embodiment of the present invention, where the optical path is indicated by a dashed line. Also, for clarity, some elements shown in contact in FIG. 1 are shown separated. Note that the effect of one embodiment of the present invention can also be obtained by arranging each element apart from each other as shown in FIG.
  • Part of the light emitted from the display panel 31 passes through the linear polarizing plate 32 , the reflective polarizing plate 41 , the lens 42 , the optical rotator 43 and the retardation plate 44 and is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 45 .
  • the light reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 45 passes through the retardation plate 44 , the optical rotator 43 and the lens 42 and is reflected again by the reflective polarizing plate 41 .
  • the light reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 41 passes through the lens 42 , the optical rotator 43 , the retardation plate 44 , the reflective polarizing plate 45 and the lens 46 and enters the eye 10 .
  • the optical path length can be ensured by repeating the reflection in the optical device 40, so that the optical system can have a short focal length.
  • a liquid crystal panel having liquid crystal elements As the display panel 31, a liquid crystal panel having liquid crystal elements, an organic EL panel having organic EL elements, an LED panel having micro LEDs, or the like can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use an organic EL panel that is self-luminous and can easily form a high-definition display portion.
  • the linear polarizing plate 32 can extract one linearly polarized light from light vibrating in all directions of 360°.
  • the transmission axis of the linear polarizing plate 32 is assumed to be 0°, but 0° is not an absolute value but a reference value. That is, the plane of polarization of the linearly polarized light taken out by the linear polarizing plate 32 is treated as 0°. Therefore, for example, 45° linearly polarized light means linearly polarized light in which the plane of polarization of the linearly polarized light taken out by the linear polarizing plate 32 is rotated by 45°.
  • the reflective polarizer 41 can transmit linearly polarized light that is aligned with the transmission axis and reflect linearly polarized light that is orthogonal to the transmission axis.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 41 for example, a wire grid polarizing plate, a dielectric multilayer film, or the like can be used.
  • a convex lens can be used for the lenses 42 and 46 .
  • FIG. 2 shows an example in which a biconvex lens is used as the lens 42 and a plano-convex lens is used as the lens 46
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the lens 42 may be composed of a plurality of plano-convex lenses.
  • a biconvex lens may be used as the lens 46 .
  • each of the lenses 42 and 46 may be configured by combining lenses selected from a biconvex lens, a plano-convex lens, a bi-concave lens, a plano-concave lens, a convex meniscus lens, and a concave meniscus lens.
  • the lenses 42 and 46 are not limited to spherical lenses, and may be aspherical lenses.
  • the optical device 40 may be provided with lenses other than the lenses 42 and 46 .
  • the optical rotator 43 can rotate the polarization plane of the incident linearly polarized light and emit it.
  • an optical rotator with an optical rotation of 45° can be used as the optical rotator 43 .
  • a film-type cell filled with twisted nematic liquid crystal, a polymer liquid crystal film filled with twisted nematic liquid crystal, a Faraday rotator, or the like can be used as the optical rotator 43 .
  • the retardation plate 44 has a function of converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.
  • a ⁇ /4 plate (1/4 wavelength plate) is used as the retardation plate 44 .
  • the delay axis of the ⁇ /4 plate is superimposed at 45° with respect to the axis of the linearly polarized light emitted from the optical rotator 43, it becomes right-handed circularly polarized light (right-handed circularly polarized light).
  • the delay axis of the ⁇ /4 plate is superimposed at ⁇ 45° with respect to the axis of the linearly polarized light emitted from the optical rotator 43, left-handed circularly polarized light (left-handed circularly polarized light) is obtained.
  • either right-handed circularly polarized light or left-handed circularly polarized light may be used as long as the combination with the configuration of the reflective polarizer 45 described below is appropriate.
  • a layer structure having cholesteric liquid crystals can be used for the reflective polarizer 45 .
  • Cholesteric liquid crystals can be used as bistable devices that can produce multiple outputs for one input, and can selectively reflect light of a specific wavelength under certain conditions and transmit light of other wavelengths. can be done.
  • Cholesteric liquid crystals have a layered structure, and liquid crystal molecules in each layer are aligned in a certain direction.
  • adjacent layers have twisted arrangement directions, forming a helical structure over a plurality of layers.
  • the helical structure includes right-handed and left-handed helical structures, and has a constant helical pitch (period).
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal can reflect circularly polarized light having a wavelength equivalent to the product of the refractive index and the helical pitch and having the same twist direction as the helical structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the reflective polarizing plate 45 having cholesteric liquid crystals.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 45 has a three-layer structure of a layer 45b, a layer 45g and a layer 45r is shown.
  • Each of layer 45b, layer 45g and layer 45r can be referred to as a cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • Layer 45b has cholesteric liquid crystals CLCb
  • layer 45g has cholesteric liquid crystals CLCg
  • layer 45r has cholesteric liquid crystals CLCr.
  • Cholesteric liquid crystals CLCb, CLCg, and CLCr have helical structures and different helical pitches.
  • the product of the helical pitch Pb of the cholesteric liquid crystal CLCb of the layer 45b and the refractive index is assumed to correspond to the wavelength of blue light.
  • the product of the helical pitch Pg of the cholesteric liquid crystal CLCg of the layer 45g and the refractive index corresponds to the wavelength of green light.
  • the product of the helical pitch Pr of the cholesteric liquid crystal CLCr of the layer 45r and the refractive index corresponds to the wavelength of red light. Since the refractive indices of the cholesteric liquid crystals CLCb, CLCg, and CLCr are substantially the same, it can be said that the helical pitch Pb ⁇ the helical pitch Pg ⁇ the helical pitch Pr. Also, each of the cholesteric liquid crystals CLCb, CLCg, and CLCr has a right-handed helical structure.
  • the white light W is composed of the three primary colors of blue light B, green light G, and red light R. and each has a broad wavelength distribution.
  • Liquid crystal molecules forming the cholesteric liquid crystal have refractive index anisotropy, and the product of the refractive index and the helical pitch takes a value within a certain range. Cholesteric liquid crystals can reflect light of wavelengths equal to values within this range.
  • the refractive index and helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal are appropriate, even if the incident light of each color of RGB is broad, it can be reflected. That is, right-handed circularly polarized light having a wavelength in the range of blue to red light (for example, 430 nm to 780 nm) can be reflected by the reflective polarizer 45 .
  • FIG. 3 simply shows the reflection in each layer, in cholesteric liquid crystal, Bragg reflection occurs in which a reflective surface is formed for each helical pitch. Further, when each of the cholesteric liquid crystals CLCb, CLCg, and CLCr has a left-handed helical structure, the description of reflection and transmission is reversed, and incident right-handed circularly polarized light is transmitted and left-handed circularly polarized light is reflected. .
  • the upper optical path shows the polarization state
  • the lower optical path shows the efficiency of light transmission or reflection at each element.
  • the linear polarizing plate 32 Light oscillating in all directions of 360° emitted from the display panel 31 is incident on the linear polarizing plate 32 .
  • the transmission axis of the linear polarizing plate 32 is 0°, and 0° linearly polarized light is emitted from the linear polarizing plate 32 .
  • the 0° linearly polarized light emitted from the linear polarizing plate 32 is transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 41 with a transmission axis of 0° and the lens 42 and is incident on the optical rotator 43 .
  • the optical rotator 43 the plane of polarization of the 0° linearly polarized light is rotated by 45° and emitted as 45° linearly polarized light.
  • the 45° linearly polarized light emitted from the optical rotator 43 is converted into right circularly polarized light by the retardation plate 44 .
  • the right-handed circularly polarized light emitted from the retardation plate 44 is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 45 and enters the retardation plate 44 .
  • the retardation plate 44 converts the right-handed circularly polarized light into 45° linearly polarized light and emits it.
  • the 45° linearly polarized light emitted from the retardation plate 44 is incident on the optical rotator 43 .
  • the plane of polarization of the 45° linearly polarized light is rotated by 45° and emitted as 90° linearly polarized light.
  • the 90° linearly polarized light emitted from the optical rotator 43 is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 41 with the reflection axis of 90° and enters the optical rotator 43 .
  • the plane of polarization of the 90° linearly polarized light is rotated by 45° and emitted as 135° linearly polarized light.
  • the 135° linearly polarized light emitted from the optical rotator 43 enters the retardation plate 44 and is converted into left-handed circularly polarized light.
  • the left-handed circularly polarized light emitted from the retardation plate 44 passes through the reflective polarizing plate 45 and the lens 46 and enters the eye 10 .
  • the reflectance and transmittance of each element are general values or ideal values.
  • the linear polarizing plate 32 absorbs light other than 0° linearly polarized light, so the amount of light emitted from the linear polarizing plate 32 is generally about 40% ( ⁇ 0.4).
  • the amount of light is approximately 40% of the light emitted from the display panel 31 .
  • light loss in elements other than the linear polarizing plate 32 is ideally zero, and it can be said that the optical device has high light utilization efficiency.
  • FIG. 4A to 4D are diagrams showing modifications of the arrangement or form of the linear polarizer 32, the reflective polarizer 41, and the lens 42.
  • FIG. 4A to 4D are diagrams showing modifications of the arrangement or form of the linear polarizer 32, the reflective polarizer 41, and the lens 42.
  • FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a modification of the arrangement of the reflective polarizing plate 41.
  • the reflective polarizer 41 may be spaced apart from the lens 42 and positioned between the linear polarizer 32 and the lens 42 .
  • the linear polarizing plate 32 and the reflective polarizing plate 41 may be bonded together and placed between the display panel 31 and the lens 42 .
  • FIG. 4C is a diagram showing a configuration in which the lens 42, which is a biconvex lens, is replaced with two single convex lenses (lenses 42a and 42b).
  • the reflective polarizing plate 41 can be sandwiched between the lenses 42a and 42b.
  • the linear polarizing plate 32 and the reflective polarizing plate 41 may be bonded together and sandwiched between lenses 42a and 42b.
  • the linear polarizing plate 32 In the absence of the linear polarizing plate 32, the light reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 41 returns to the display panel 31 and travels toward the reflective polarizing plate 41 again. can pass through. Such light becomes stray light and may degrade display quality.
  • the linear polarizing plate 32 When the linear polarizing plate 32 is provided, the light transmitted through the linear polarizing plate 32 is not reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 41, so stray light can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the focal point for each color (by wavelength) when white light W is made incident on a general convex lens made of optical glass.
  • the refractive index is a physical property value unique to a material, and its value varies depending on the wavelength. In other words, when light enters a material (lens), it is refracted differently depending on the wavelength. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5A, when white light W enters the lens, blue light B, which has relatively large refraction, is focused at a position close to the lens. Also, the red light R, which has relatively small refraction, is focused at a position far from the lens. Also, the green light G whose wavelength is between the blue light B and the red light R is focused between the focus of the blue light B and the focus of the red light R.
  • a combination of a convex lens and a concave lens is generally used to control the dispersion of light and bring the focal positions of the light of each wavelength closer.
  • an expensive material such as fluorite, which has a small light dispersion, is used for the convex lens.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal used in the reflective polarizer 45 can reduce chromatic aberration without increasing the number of lenses. Further, chromatic aberration can be further reduced by using a plurality of lenses. Next, reduction of chromatic aberration in one aspect of the present invention will be described.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a model for simulating a spot diameter when light from a light source is condensed on the retina.
  • FIG. 6 shows a configuration in which elements related to polarization conversion are omitted from the configuration shown in FIG.
  • the simulation used the optical design analysis software CODE V manufactured by Synopsys.
  • Table 1 shows the conditions used for the simulation.
  • the display surface (surface 31i) of the display panel 31 is used as the light source, and No. Since the planes and elements are described in the order in which light travels from 1 to 12, there are overlapping descriptions.
  • a surface (surfaces f1 to f4) is defined for each element, and refraction (transmission) or reflection is conditioned on each surface.
  • the surface type is spherical or conic (conical), and if the surface type is conic and the conic constant is other than 0, it is an aspherical surface.
  • the plane is defined as a spherical surface with an infinite radius of curvature.
  • the surface distance is the distance from the center of one surface to the center of the other surface in two adjacent surfaces.
  • the surface distance between the surface f2 and the surface f3 is L
  • the eye 10 is defined by the lens module, and the front surface of the lens module is the position where the action of the lens begins. Also, the rear surface of the lens module corresponds to the retina 11 .
  • the wavelengths of light used in the simulation were 450 nm (corresponding to blue light B), 550 nm (corresponding to green light G), and 650 nm (corresponding to red light R), and the lens material was PMMA (Poly Methyl Methylate).
  • the refractive indices of PMMA stored in the software database and used for calculation at each wavelength are 1.501057 (450 nm), 1.493578 (550 nm), and 1.489404 (650 nm).
  • FIG. 7 is a simulation result, showing the L length dependency of the spot diameter S of the light from the light source on the retina 11 for each wavelength.
  • Lb is the smallest, followed by Lg and Lr. It was also found that Lg is closer to Lr than Lb.
  • FIG. 8A is a diagram showing reflection on the surface f3, reflection on the surface f1, and transmission on the surface f3 of the blue light B, the green light G, and the red light R transmitted through the lens 42.
  • FIG. it is assumed that L is fixed and the reflection at the surface f3 is performed on the same surface regardless of the wavelength.
  • FIG. 8B is a diagram reflecting the simulation results.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 45 has a layered structure of layers 45b, 45g and 45r. As in the description of FIG. Let R be reflective.
  • the reflective surface of the layer 45b is surface f3b
  • the reflective surface of the layer 45g is surface f3g
  • the reflective surface of the layer 45r is surface f3r
  • the distance between the surface f2 and the surface f3b is Lb
  • the distance between the surface f2 and the surface f3g is Lg
  • the surface f2 ⁇ Let Lr be the distance between the surfaces f3r. Then, reflecting the simulation results, Lb ⁇ Lg ⁇ Lr (Lg is larger than Lb and smaller than Lr) and Lg-Lb>Lr-Lg (the value of Lg is closer to Lr than to Lb).
  • the reflective polarizing plate 45 has a layer structure in which the layer 45b, the layer 45g, and the layer 45r are arranged in this order from the light incident side, and from Lg ⁇ Lb>Lr ⁇ Lg, the layer It can be said that it is preferable to configure the surface of 45g to be closer to the surface of layer 45r than to the surface of layer 45b.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 45 has a layered structure in which a layer 45b, a layer 45g, and a layer 45r are arranged in this order from the light incident side (surface f2 side). It is preferable to have a configuration in which the thickness of is increased.
  • the layers 45b, 45g, and 45r which are cholesteric liquid crystal layers, can be formed, for example, by polymerizing a liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase, a monomer, or the like with heat or ultraviolet rays. Alternatively, the polymer liquid crystal itself exhibiting a cholesteric phase may be polymerized.
  • the polymerization (curing) after supplying the material may be repeated.
  • spacers 45s may be provided between layers 45b and 45g, as shown in FIG. 9B.
  • the spacer 45s can be formed using, for example, one or more materials selected from translucent resins, translucent inorganic films, resin films, glass substrates, and the like.
  • the spacer 45s preferably has high transmittance with respect to the wavelength of light to be used (for example, the wavelength range of visible light) and does not absorb or birefringence of specific polarized light.
  • a spacer 45s1 may be provided between the layers 45b and 45g, and a spacer 45s2 may be provided between the layers 45g and 45r.
  • the spacer 45s1 is preferably thicker than the spacer 45s2.
  • the spacers 45s1 and 45s2 can be formed using the same material as the spacer 45s.
  • the layer structure in which the layer 45b, the layer 45g, and the layer 45r are arranged in this order is preferably configured to be sealed with a substrate 51 and an adhesive 52 or the like, as shown in FIG. 9D.
  • a substrate 51 and an adhesive 52 or the like By sealing with the substrate 51 and the adhesive 52, deterioration of the layers 45b, 45g, and 45r can be suppressed.
  • handling as the reflective polarizing plate 45 can be facilitated.
  • a resin film, a glass substrate, or the like can be used for the substrate 51 .
  • each of the layers 45b, 45g, and 45r may be sealed with a substrate 51 and an adhesive 52 or the like and bonded together with an optical adhesive 53 or the like.
  • FIGS. 9A to 9E can be combined as appropriate.
  • FIG. 10A illustrates a display panel 31 included in an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the display panel 31 has a pixel array 74 , a circuit 75 and a circuit 76 .
  • the pixel array 74 has pixels 70 arranged in columns and rows.
  • a pixel 70 can have multiple sub-pixels 71 .
  • the sub-pixel 71 has a function of emitting display light.
  • sub-pixel the minimum unit in which an independent operation is performed in one "pixel" is defined as a “sub-pixel” for convenience. "Sub-pixel” may be replaced with “pixel”.
  • Sub-pixel 71 has a light-emitting device that emits visible light.
  • an EL element such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode).
  • the light-emitting substance of the EL element include a substance that emits fluorescence (fluorescent material), a substance that emits phosphorescence (phosphorescent material), and a substance that exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence: TADF) material. ), inorganic compounds (such as quantum dot materials), and the like.
  • LEDs such as micro LED (Light Emitting Diode), can also be used as a light emitting device.
  • Circuits 75 and 76 are driver circuits for driving the sub-pixels 71 .
  • the circuit 75 can function as a source driver circuit, and the circuit 76 can function as a gate driver circuit.
  • a shift register circuit or the like can be used for the circuits 75 and 76, for example.
  • the circuit 75 and the circuit 76 may be provided in the layer 81, the pixel array 74 may be provided in the layer 82, and the layers 81 and 82 may overlap each other. With such a structure, a display device with a narrow frame can be formed.
  • the display panel can operate at high speed with low power consumption.
  • the pixel array 74 can be partially driven. For example, partial rewriting of image data in the pixel array 74 can be performed. Also, the pixel array 74 can be partially operated at different operating frequencies.
  • circuits 75 and 76 shown in FIG. 10B are examples, and can be changed as appropriate. Also, part of the circuits 75 and 76 can be formed in the same layer as the pixel array 74 .
  • Layer 82 may also include circuits such as memory circuits, arithmetic circuits, and communication circuits.
  • the layer 81 is a single crystal silicon substrate
  • the circuits 75 and 76 are formed of transistors (hereinafter referred to as Si transistors) having silicon in the channel formation region
  • the pixel circuits included in the pixel array 74 provided in the layer 82 can be formed using a transistor including a metal oxide in a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor).
  • An OS transistor can be formed using a thin film and can be stacked over a Si transistor.
  • a layer 83 provided with an OS transistor may be provided between the layers 81 and 82 as illustrated in FIG. 10C.
  • Part of the pixel circuits included in the pixel array 74 can be provided in the layer 83 using OS transistors.
  • part of the circuits 75 and 76 can be provided with OS transistors.
  • part of circuits such as memory circuits, arithmetic circuits, and communication circuits that can be provided in the layer 82 can be provided with OS transistors.
  • FIG. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing an example of a spectacles-type device having the display device 30 and the optical device 40 shown in FIG.
  • a combination of the display device 30 and the optical device 40 is indicated as a display unit 35 by a dashed line.
  • a glasses-type device has two sets of display units 35 and is sometimes called VR glasses or the like depending on the application.
  • the two sets of display units 35 are incorporated in the housing 60 so that the surfaces of the lenses 46 are exposed.
  • One display unit 35 is for the right eye and the other display unit 35 is for the left eye, and by displaying an image corresponding to each eye on each display unit 35, the user can feel the three-dimensional effect of the image. can be done.
  • the housing 60 or the band 61 may be provided with an input terminal and an output terminal.
  • a video signal from a video output device or the like, or a cable for supplying power for charging a battery provided in the housing 60 can be connected to the input terminal.
  • the output terminal functions, for example, as an audio output terminal, and can be connected to earphones, headphones, or the like. Note that the audio output terminal does not need to be provided when the configuration is such that audio data can be output by wireless communication, or when audio is output from an external video output device.
  • a wireless communication module may be provided inside the housing 60 or the band 61 .
  • the wireless communication module performs wireless communication, downloads content to be viewed, and can be stored in the storage module. This allows users to watch downloaded content offline whenever they want.
  • a line-of-sight sensor may be provided in the housing 60 .
  • display operation buttons such as power on, power off, sleep, volume adjustment, channel change, menu display, selection, decision, return, etc.
  • operation buttons such as video playback, stop, pause, fast forward, fast rewind Each operation can be performed by recognizing the operation button.
  • the electronic device can be small and thin, consumes low power, and has high reliability.
  • This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described herein.
  • Embodiment 2 In this embodiment, structural examples of a display panel that can be applied to an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described. A display panel exemplified below can be applied to the display panel 31 of the first embodiment.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a display panel including a light-emitting element (also referred to as a light-emitting device).
  • the display panel has two or more pixels with different emission colors.
  • Each pixel has a light emitting element.
  • Each light-emitting element has a pair of electrodes and an EL layer therebetween.
  • the light-emitting element is preferably an organic EL element (organic electroluminescence element).
  • Two or more light-emitting elements with different emission colors have EL layers containing different light-emitting materials.
  • a full-color display panel can be realized by having three types of light-emitting elements that respectively emit red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light.
  • a layer containing a light-emitting material (light-emitting layer) must be formed in an island shape.
  • a method of forming an island-shaped organic film by a vapor deposition method using a shadow mask such as a metal mask is known.
  • various influences such as the precision of the metal mask, the misalignment between the metal mask and the substrate, the bending of the metal mask, and the broadening of the contour of the film to be deposited due to the scattering of vapor, etc. cause island-shaped organic films.
  • the layer profile may be blurred and the edge thickness may be reduced.
  • the thickness of the island-shaped light-emitting layer may vary depending on the location.
  • countermeasures have been taken to artificially increase the definition (also called pixel density) by adopting a special pixel arrangement method such as a pentile arrangement.
  • an island-shaped light-emitting layer means that the light-emitting layer is physically separated from an adjacent light-emitting layer.
  • an EL layer is processed into a fine pattern by photolithography without using a shadow mask such as a fine metal mask (FMM).
  • a shadow mask such as a fine metal mask (FMM).
  • FMM fine metal mask
  • a display panel having high definition and a large aperture ratio, which has been difficult to achieve, can be realized.
  • the EL layers can be separately formed, a display panel with extremely vivid, high contrast, and high display quality can be realized.
  • the EL layer may be processed into a fine pattern using both a metal mask and photolithography.
  • part or all of the EL layer can be physically separated. Accordingly, leakage current between light-emitting elements can be suppressed through a layer (also referred to as a common layer) used in common between adjacent light-emitting elements. As a result, crosstalk due to unintended light emission can be prevented, and a display panel with extremely high contrast can be realized. In particular, a display panel with high current efficiency at low luminance can be realized.
  • One embodiment of the present invention can also be a display panel in which a light-emitting element that emits white light and a color filter are combined.
  • light-emitting elements having the same structure can be applied to light-emitting elements provided in pixels (sub-pixels) that emit light of different colors, and all layers can be common layers. Further, part or all of each EL layer may be separated by a process using photolithography. As a result, leakage current through the common layer is suppressed, and a high-contrast display panel can be realized.
  • an insulating layer that covers at least the side surface of the island-shaped light-emitting layer.
  • the insulating layer may cover part of the top surface of the island-shaped EL layer.
  • a material having barrier properties against water and oxygen is preferably used for the insulating layer.
  • an inorganic insulating film that hardly diffuses water or oxygen can be used. Accordingly, deterioration of the EL layer can be suppressed, and a highly reliable display panel can be realized.
  • a phenomenon in which the common electrode is divided by a step at the end of the EL layer (also referred to as step disconnection) occurs. may insulate. Therefore, it is preferable to adopt a structure in which a local step located between two adjacent light emitting elements is filled with a resin layer functioning as a planarization film (also called LFP: Local Filling Planarization).
  • the resin layer has a function as a planarizing film.
  • FIG. 12A shows a schematic top view of the display panel 100 of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the display panel 100 has a plurality of red light emitting elements 110R, green light emitting elements 110G, and blue light emitting elements 110B on a substrate 101, respectively.
  • the light emitting region of each light emitting element is labeled with R, G, and B. As shown in FIG.
  • the light emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B are arranged in a matrix.
  • FIG. 12A shows a so-called stripe arrangement in which light emitting elements of the same color are arranged in one direction.
  • the arrangement method of the light-emitting elements is not limited to this, and an arrangement method such as an S-stripe arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, or a zigzag arrangement may be applied, or a pentile arrangement, a diamond arrangement, or the like may be used.
  • the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B for example, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode) is preferably used.
  • the light-emitting substance of the EL element include a substance that emits fluorescence (fluorescent material), a substance that emits phosphorescence (phosphorescence material), and a substance that exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence: TADF ) materials).
  • a light-emitting substance included in an EL element not only an organic compound but also an inorganic compound (such as a quantum dot material) can be used.
  • connection electrode 111C electrically connected to the common electrode 113.
  • FIG. 111 C of connection electrodes are given the electric potential (for example, anode electric potential or cathode electric potential) for supplying to the common electrode 113.
  • FIG. The connection electrode 111C is provided outside the display area where the light emitting elements 110R and the like are arranged.
  • connection electrodes can be provided along the outer periphery of a display area.
  • it may be provided along one side of the periphery of the display area, or may be provided over two or more sides of the periphery of the display area. That is, when the top surface shape of the display area is rectangular, the top surface shape of the connection electrode 111C can be strip-shaped (rectangular), L-shaped, U-shaped (square bracket-shaped), square, or the like. .
  • FIG. 12B and 12C are schematic cross-sectional views corresponding to dashed-dotted lines A1-A2 and dashed-dotted lines A3-A4 in FIG. 12A, respectively.
  • FIG. 12B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of light-emitting element 110R, light-emitting element 110G, and light-emitting element 110B
  • FIG. 12C shows a schematic cross-sectional view of connection portion 140 where connection electrode 111C and common electrode 113 are connected. ing.
  • the light emitting element 110R has a pixel electrode 111R, an organic layer 112R, a common layer 114, and a common electrode 113.
  • the light emitting element 110G has a pixel electrode 111G, an organic layer 112G, a common layer 114, and a common electrode 113.
  • the light emitting element 110B has a pixel electrode 111B, an organic layer 112B, a common layer 114, and a common electrode 113.
  • FIG. Common layer 114 and common electrode 113 are provided in common for light emitting element 110R, light emitting element 110G, and light emitting element 110B.
  • the organic layer 112R included in the light-emitting element 110R has at least a light-emitting organic compound that emits red light.
  • the organic layer 112G included in the light-emitting element 110G contains at least a light-emitting organic compound that emits green light.
  • the organic layer 112B included in the light-emitting element 110B contains at least a light-emitting organic compound that emits blue light.
  • Each of the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, and the organic layer 112B can also be called an EL layer and has at least a layer containing a light-emitting substance (light-emitting layer).
  • the light-emitting element 110R, the light-emitting element 110G, and the light-emitting element 110B may be referred to as the light-emitting element 110 when describing matters common to them.
  • the symbols omitting the letters may be used. be.
  • Organic layer 112 and common layer 114 can each independently comprise one or more of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a hole transport layer.
  • the organic layer 112 may have a layered structure of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer from the pixel electrode 111 side
  • the common layer 114 may have an electron injection layer.
  • a pixel electrode 111R, a pixel electrode 111G, and a pixel electrode 111B are provided for each light emitting element. Further, the common electrode 113 and the common layer 114 are provided as a continuous layer common to each light emitting element.
  • a conductive film having a property of transmitting visible light is used for one of the pixel electrodes and the common electrode 113, and a conductive film having a reflective property is used for the other.
  • a protective layer 121 is provided on the common electrode 113 to cover the light emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B.
  • the protective layer 121 has a function of preventing impurities such as water from diffusing into each light emitting element from above.
  • the end of the pixel electrode 111 preferably has a tapered shape.
  • the organic layer 112 provided along the edge of the pixel electrode 111 can also have a tapered shape.
  • the coverage of the organic layer 112 provided over the end portion of the pixel electrode 111 can be improved.
  • the side surface of the pixel electrode 111 is tapered because foreign matter (eg, dust or particles) in the manufacturing process can be easily removed by cleaning or the like.
  • a tapered shape refers to a shape in which at least a part of the side surface of the structure is inclined with respect to the substrate surface.
  • the organic layer 112 is processed into an island shape using photolithography. Therefore, the organic layer 112 has a shape in which the angle formed by the top surface and the side surface is close to 90 degrees at the end.
  • an organic film formed using FMM (Fine Metal Mask) or the like tends to gradually decrease in thickness closer to the edge. Since it is formed, it becomes a shape in which it is difficult to distinguish between the upper surface and the side surface.
  • An insulating layer 125, a resin layer 126 and a layer 128 are provided between two adjacent light emitting elements.
  • the side surfaces of the organic layers 112 are provided to face each other with the resin layer 126 interposed therebetween.
  • the resin layer 126 is positioned between two adjacent light emitting elements and is provided so as to fill the end portions of the respective organic layers 112 and the region between the two organic layers 112 .
  • the resin layer 126 has a smooth convex upper surface, and the common layer 114 and the common electrode 113 are provided to cover the upper surface of the resin layer 126 .
  • the resin layer 126 functions as a planarizing film that fills the steps located between the two adjacent light emitting elements.
  • a phenomenon in which the common electrode 113 is divided by a step at the end of the organic layer 112 (also referred to as step disconnection) occurs, and the common electrode on the organic layer 112 is prevented from being insulated. be able to.
  • the resin layer 126 can also be called LFP (Local Filling Planarization).
  • an insulating layer containing an organic material can be preferably used.
  • acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, imide resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, silicone resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene-based resin, phenolic resin, and precursors of these resins are applied as the resin layer 126. can do.
  • an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin may be used.
  • a photosensitive resin can be used as the resin layer 126 .
  • a photoresist may be used as the photosensitive resin.
  • a positive material or a negative material can be used for the photosensitive resin.
  • the resin layer 126 may contain a material that absorbs visible light.
  • the resin layer 126 itself may be made of a material that absorbs visible light, or the resin layer 126 may contain a pigment that absorbs visible light.
  • a resin that transmits red, blue, or green light and can be used as a color filter that absorbs other light, or a resin that contains carbon black as a pigment and functions as a black matrix, or the like. can be used.
  • the insulating layer 125 is provided in contact with the side surface of the organic layer 112 . Also, the insulating layer 125 is provided to cover the upper end portion of the organic layer 112 . A part of the insulating layer 125 is provided in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 101 .
  • the insulating layer 125 is positioned between the resin layer 126 and the organic layer 112 and functions as a protective film to prevent the resin layer 126 from contacting the organic layer 112 .
  • the organic layer 112 may be dissolved by an organic solvent or the like used when forming the resin layer 126 . Therefore, by providing the insulating layer 125 between the organic layer 112 and the resin layer 126, the side surface of the organic layer 112 can be protected.
  • the insulating layer 125 can be an insulating layer containing an inorganic material.
  • an inorganic insulating film such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, or a nitride oxide insulating film can be used, for example.
  • the insulating layer 125 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
  • the oxide insulating film includes a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, an indium gallium zinc oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a germanium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, and an oxide film.
  • a hafnium film, a tantalum oxide film, and the like are included.
  • the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
  • As the oxynitride insulating film a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxynitride film, or the like can be given.
  • nitride oxide insulating film a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum nitride oxide film, or the like can be given.
  • a metal oxide film such as a hafnium oxide film, or an inorganic insulating film such as a silicon oxide film to the insulating layer 125, pinholes are reduced and the EL layer can be protected.
  • a superior insulating layer 125 can be formed.
  • oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
  • nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. point to the material.
  • silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
  • silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. indicates
  • a sputtering method, a CVD method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like can be used to form the insulating layer 125 .
  • the insulating layer 125 is preferably formed by an ALD method with good coverage.
  • a reflective film for example, a metal film containing one or more selected from silver, palladium, copper, titanium, and aluminum
  • a reflective film is provided between the insulating layer 125 and the resin layer 126 so that A configuration may be adopted in which emitted light is reflected by the reflecting film.
  • the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
  • the layer 128 is part of a protective layer (also referred to as a mask layer or a sacrificial layer) for protecting the organic layer 112 when the organic layer 112 is etched.
  • a protective layer also referred to as a mask layer or a sacrificial layer
  • any of the materials that can be used for the insulating layer 125 can be used.
  • an aluminum oxide film, a metal oxide film such as a hafnium oxide film, or an inorganic insulating film such as a silicon oxide film formed by an ALD method has few pinholes, it has an excellent function of protecting the EL layer. It can be suitably used for
  • the protective layer 121 can have, for example, a single-layer structure or a laminated structure including at least an inorganic insulating film.
  • inorganic insulating films include oxide films and nitride films such as silicon oxide films, silicon oxynitride films, silicon nitride oxide films, silicon nitride films, aluminum oxide films, aluminum oxynitride films, and hafnium oxide films.
  • a semiconductor material or a conductive material such as indium gallium oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, or indium gallium zinc oxide may be used for the protective layer 121 .
  • a laminated film of an inorganic insulating film and an organic insulating film can also be used as the protective layer 121 .
  • a structure in which an organic insulating film is sandwiched between a pair of inorganic insulating films is preferable.
  • the organic insulating film functions as a planarizing film.
  • the upper surface of the organic insulating film can be flattened, so that the coverage of the inorganic insulating film thereon can be improved, and the barrier property can be enhanced.
  • the upper surface of the protective layer 121 is flat, when a structure (for example, a color filter, an electrode of a touch sensor, or a lens array) is provided above the protective layer 121, an uneven shape due to the structure below may be formed. This is preferable because it can reduce the impact.
  • a structure for example, a color filter, an electrode of a touch sensor, or a lens array
  • FIG. 12C shows a connection portion 140 where the connection electrode 111C and the common electrode 113 are electrically connected.
  • connection portion 140 an opening is provided in insulating layer 125 and resin layer 126 above connection electrode 111C.
  • the connection electrode 111C and the common electrode 113 are electrically connected through the opening.
  • FIG. 12C shows the connection portion 140 where the connection electrode 111C and the common electrode 113 are electrically connected. good.
  • the common layer 114 is located at the connection portion 140 because the electrical resistivity of the material used for the common layer 114 is sufficiently low and the thickness can be made thin. Often times there are no problems. As a result, the common electrode 113 and the common layer 114 can be formed using the same shielding mask, so the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
  • Configuration example 2 A display panel having a configuration partially different from that of Configuration Example 1 will be described below. It should be noted that the parts common to the above configuration example 1 may be referred to and the description thereof may be omitted.
  • FIG. 13A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel 100a.
  • the display panel 100a differs from the display panel 100 mainly in that the configuration of the light-emitting elements is different and that the display panel 100a has a colored layer.
  • the display panel 100a has a light emitting element 110W that emits white light.
  • the light emitting element 110W has a pixel electrode 111, an organic layer 112W, a common layer 114, and a common electrode 113.
  • the organic layer 112W exhibits white light emission.
  • the organic layer 112W can be configured to contain two or more kinds of light-emitting materials whose emission colors are complementary.
  • the organic layer 112W may include a luminescent organic compound that emits red light, a luminescent organic compound that emits green light, and a luminescent organic compound that emits blue light. can.
  • a structure including a light-emitting organic compound that emits blue light and a light-emitting organic compound that emits yellow light may be employed.
  • Each organic layer 112W is separated between two adjacent light emitting elements 110W. As a result, leakage current flowing between the adjacent light emitting elements 110W via the organic layer 112W can be suppressed, and crosstalk caused by the leakage current can be suppressed. Therefore, a display panel with high contrast and high color reproducibility can be realized.
  • An insulating layer 122 functioning as a planarization film is provided over the protective layer 121, and a colored layer 116R, a colored layer 116G, and a colored layer 116B are provided over the insulating layer 122.
  • FIG. 1 An insulating layer 122 functioning as a planarization film is provided over the protective layer 121, and a colored layer 116R, a colored layer 116G, and a colored layer 116B are provided over the insulating layer 122.
  • the insulating layer 122 an organic resin film or an inorganic insulating film having a planarized top surface can be used.
  • the insulating layer 122 forms a surface on which the colored layer 116R, the colored layer 116G, and the colored layer 116B are formed. Color purity can be improved. Note that if the thickness of the colored layer 116R or the like is non-uniform, the amount of light absorbed varies depending on the location of the colored layer 116R, which may reduce the color purity.
  • FIG. 13B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel 100b.
  • the light emitting element 110R has a pixel electrode 111, a conductive layer 115R, an organic layer 112W, and a common electrode 113.
  • the light emitting element 110G has a pixel electrode 111, a conductive layer 115G, an organic layer 112W, and a common electrode 113.
  • the light emitting element 110B has a pixel electrode 111, a conductive layer 115B, an organic layer 112W, and a common electrode 113.
  • Each of the conductive layers 115 (the conductive layer 115R, the conductive layer 115G, and the conductive layer 115B) has translucency and functions as an optical adjustment layer.
  • a microresonator (microcavity) structure is realized by using a film that reflects visible light for the pixel electrode 111 and using a film that reflects and transmits visible light for the common electrode 113. be able to.
  • the thicknesses of the conductive layer 115R, the conductive layer 115G, and the conductive layer 115B so as to obtain the optimum optical path length, even when the organic layer 112 that emits white light is used, From the light-emitting element 110R, the light-emitting element 110G, and the light-emitting element 110B, light with different wavelengths can be obtained.
  • the colored layers 116R, 116G, and 116B are provided on the optical paths of the light emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B, respectively, so that light with high color purity can be obtained.
  • an insulating layer 123 is provided to cover end portions of the pixel electrode 111 and the conductive layer 115 .
  • the insulating layer 123 preferably has tapered ends.
  • the organic layer 112W and the common electrode 113 are each provided in common to each light emitting element as a continuous film. Such a structure is preferable because the manufacturing process of the display panel can be greatly simplified.
  • the pixel electrode 111 preferably has a nearly vertical shape at its end.
  • a steep slope can be formed on the surface of the insulating layer 123, and a thin portion can be formed in a part of the organic layer 112W covering this portion, or a part of the organic layer 112W can be formed. can be divided. Therefore, it is possible to suppress leakage current through the organic layer 112W generated between adjacent light emitting elements without processing the organic layer 112W using a photolithography method or the like.
  • FIG. 12A A pixel layout different from that in FIG. 12A will be mainly described below.
  • the arrangement of the light emitting elements (sub-pixels) is not particularly limited, and various methods can be applied.
  • top surface shapes of sub-pixels include triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), polygons such as pentagons, shapes with rounded corners, ellipses, and circles.
  • the top surface shape of the sub-pixel corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region of the light emitting element.
  • a pixel 150 shown in FIG. 14A is composed of three sub-pixels of light emitting elements 110a, 110b, and 110c.
  • the light emitting element 110a may be a blue light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110b may be a red light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110c may be a green light emitting element.
  • the pixel 150 shown in FIG. 14B includes a light emitting element 110a having a substantially trapezoidal or substantially triangular top shape with rounded corners, a light emitting element 110b having a substantially trapezoidal or substantially triangular top surface shape with rounded corners, and a substantially square or substantially rectangular shape with rounded corners. and a light emitting element 110c having a substantially hexagonal top surface shape.
  • the light emitting element 110a has a larger light emitting area than the light emitting element 110b.
  • the shape and size of each light emitting element can be determined independently. For example, a more reliable light-emitting element can be made smaller.
  • the light emitting element 110a may be a green light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110b may be a red light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110c may be a blue light emitting element.
  • FIG. 14C shows an example in which pixels 124a having light emitting elements 110a and 110b and pixels 124b having light emitting elements 110b and 110c are alternately arranged.
  • the light emitting element 110a may be a red light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110b may be a green light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110c may be a blue light emitting element.
  • Pixels 124a, 124b shown in FIGS. 14D and 14E have a delta arrangement applied.
  • the pixel 124a has two light emitting elements (light emitting elements 110a and 110b) in the upper row (first row) and one light emitting element (light emitting element 110c) in the lower row (second row).
  • the pixel 124b has one light emitting element (light emitting element 110c) in the upper row (first row) and two light emitting elements (light emitting elements 110a and 110b) in the lower row (second row).
  • the light emitting element 110a may be a red light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110b may be a green light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110c may be a blue light emitting element.
  • FIG. 14D is an example in which each light emitting element has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
  • FIG. 14E is an example in which each light emitting element has a circular top surface shape.
  • FIG. 14F is an example in which light emitting elements of each color are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Specifically, when viewed from above, the upper sides of two light emitting elements (for example, light emitting elements 110a and 110b, or light emitting elements 110b and 110c) aligned in the column direction are displaced.
  • the light emitting element 110a may be a red light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110b may be a green light emitting element
  • the light emitting element 110c may be a blue light emitting element.
  • the top surface shape of the light emitting element may be a polygonal shape with rounded corners, an elliptical shape, a circular shape, or the like.
  • the EL layer is processed into an island shape using a resist mask.
  • the resist film formed on the EL layer needs to be cured at a temperature lower than the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer. Therefore, curing of the resist film may be insufficient depending on the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer material and the curing temperature of the resist material.
  • a resist film that is insufficiently hardened may take a shape away from the desired shape during processing.
  • the top surface shape of the EL layer may be a polygon with rounded corners, an ellipse, or a circle. For example, when a resist mask having a square top surface is formed, a resist mask having a circular top surface is formed, and the EL layer may have a circular top surface.
  • a technique for correcting the mask pattern in advance so that the design pattern and the transfer pattern match.
  • OPC Optical Proximity Correction
  • a pattern for correction is added to a corner portion of a figure on a mask pattern.
  • This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described herein.
  • the display panel of the present embodiment is a high-definition display panel, and is particularly used for the display unit of VR devices such as head-mounted displays and wearable devices such as glasses-type AR devices that can be worn on the head. is suitable.
  • Display module A perspective view of the display module 280 is shown in FIG. 15A.
  • the display module 280 has a display panel 200A and an FPC 290 .
  • the display panel included in the display module 280 is not limited to the display panel 200A, and may be any one of the display panels 200B to 200F described later.
  • Display module 280 has a substrate 291 and a substrate 292 .
  • the display module 280 has a display section 281 .
  • the display unit 281 is an area for displaying images.
  • FIG. 15B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 291 side.
  • a circuit section 282 , a pixel circuit section 283 on the circuit section 282 , and a pixel section 284 on the pixel circuit section 283 are stacked on the substrate 291 .
  • a terminal portion 285 for connecting to the FPC 290 is provided on a portion of the substrate 291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 284 .
  • the terminal portion 285 and the circuit portion 282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
  • the pixel section 284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 284a. An enlarged view of one pixel 284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 15B.
  • the pixel 284a has a light emitting element 110R that emits red light, a light emitting element 110G that emits green light, and a light emitting element 110B that emits blue light.
  • the pixel circuit section 283 has a plurality of pixel circuits 283a arranged periodically.
  • One pixel circuit 283a is a circuit that controls light emission of three light emitting devices included in one pixel 284a.
  • One pixel circuit 283a may be provided with three circuits for controlling light emission of one light-emitting device.
  • the pixel circuit 283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (driving transistor), and a capacitive element for each light emitting device. At this time, a gate signal is inputted to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is inputted to the source thereof. This realizes an active matrix display panel.
  • the circuit section 282 has a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 .
  • a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 For example, it is preferable to have one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit.
  • at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like may be provided.
  • the transistor provided in the circuit portion 282 may form part of the pixel circuit 283a. That is, the pixel circuit 283a may be configured with the transistor included in the pixel circuit portion 283 and the transistor included in the circuit portion 282.
  • the FPC 290 functions as wiring for externally supplying a video signal, a power supply potential, and the like to the circuit section 282 . Also, an IC may be mounted on the FPC 290 .
  • the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 281 is can be very high.
  • the aperture ratio of the display section 281 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
  • the pixels 284a can be arranged at an extremely high density, and the definition of the display portion 281 can be extremely high.
  • the pixels 284a may be arranged with a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. preferable.
  • a display module 280 Since such a display module 280 has extremely high definition, it can be suitably used for equipment for VR such as a head-mounted display, or equipment for glasses-type AR. For example, even in the case of a configuration in which the display portion of the display module 280 is viewed through a lens, the display module 280 has an extremely high-definition display portion 281, so pixels cannot be viewed even if the display portion is enlarged with the lens. , a highly immersive display can be performed. Moreover, the display module 280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used for electronic equipment having a relatively small display unit. For example, it can be suitably used for a display part of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.
  • Display panel 200A A display panel 200A shown in FIG.
  • Substrate 301 corresponds to substrate 291 in FIGS. 15A and 15B.
  • a transistor 310 has a channel formation region in the substrate 301 .
  • the substrate 301 for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate can be used.
  • Transistor 310 includes a portion of substrate 301 , conductive layer 311 , low resistance region 312 , insulating layer 313 and insulating layer 314 .
  • the conductive layer 311 functions as a gate electrode.
  • An insulating layer 313 is located between the substrate 301 and the conductive layer 311 and functions as a gate insulating layer.
  • the low-resistance region 312 is a region in which the substrate 301 is doped with impurities and functions as either a source or a drain.
  • the insulating layer 314 is provided to cover the side surface of the conductive layer 311 .
  • a device isolation layer 315 is provided between two adjacent transistors 310 so as to be embedded in the substrate 301 .
  • An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
  • the capacitor 240 has a conductive layer 241, a conductive layer 245, and an insulating layer 243 positioned therebetween.
  • the conductive layer 241 functions as one electrode of the capacitor 240
  • the conductive layer 245 functions as the other electrode of the capacitor 240
  • the insulating layer 243 functions as the dielectric of the capacitor 240 .
  • the conductive layer 241 is provided over the insulating layer 261 and embedded in the insulating layer 254 .
  • Conductive layer 241 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 310 by plug 271 embedded in insulating layer 261 .
  • An insulating layer 243 is provided over the conductive layer 241 .
  • the conductive layer 245 is provided in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 241 with the insulating layer 243 provided therebetween.
  • An insulating layer 255a is provided to cover the capacitor 240, an insulating layer 255b is provided over the insulating layer 255a, and an insulating layer 255c is provided over the insulating layer 255b.
  • An inorganic insulating film can be preferably used for each of the insulating layer 255a, the insulating layer 255b, and the insulating layer 255c.
  • a silicon oxide film is preferably used for the insulating layers 255a and 255c
  • a silicon nitride film is preferably used for the insulating layer 255b.
  • the insulating layer 255b can function as an etching protection film.
  • an example in which the insulating layer 255c is partly etched to form a recess is shown; however, the insulating layer 255c does not have to be provided with the recess.
  • a light-emitting element 110R, a light-emitting element 110G, and a light-emitting element 110B are provided over the insulating layer 255c.
  • Embodiment 1 can be referred to for the configurations of the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B.
  • the light-emitting device is separately manufactured for each emission color, so the change in chromaticity is small between low-luminance light emission and high-luminance light emission.
  • the organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B are separated from each other, crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels can be suppressed even in a high-definition display panel. Therefore, a display panel with high definition and high display quality can be realized.
  • An insulating layer 125, a resin layer 126, and a layer 128 are provided in a region between adjacent light emitting elements.
  • the pixel electrode 111R, the pixel electrode 111G, and the pixel electrode 111B of the light emitting element are composed of the insulating layer 255a, the insulating layer 255b, and the plug 256 embedded in the insulating layer 255c, the conductive layer 241 embedded in the insulating layer 254, and the pixel electrode 111B. , is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor 310 by a plug 271 embedded in the insulating layer 261 .
  • the height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 255c and the height of the upper surface of the plug 256 match or substantially match.
  • Various conductive materials can be used for the plug.
  • a protective layer 121 is provided on the light emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B.
  • a substrate 170 is bonded onto the protective layer 121 with an adhesive layer 171 .
  • No insulating layer is provided between two adjacent pixel electrodes 111 to cover the edge of the upper surface of the pixel electrode 111 . Therefore, the interval between adjacent light emitting elements can be extremely narrowed. Therefore, a high-definition or high-resolution display panel can be obtained.
  • a display panel 200B shown in FIG. 17 has a structure in which a transistor 310A and a transistor 310B each having a channel formed in a semiconductor substrate are stacked.
  • the description of the same parts as those of the previously described display panel may be omitted.
  • the display panel 200B has a structure in which a substrate 301B provided with a transistor 310B, a capacitor 240, and a light emitting device and a substrate 301A provided with a transistor 310A are bonded together.
  • an insulating layer 345 is provided on the lower surface of the substrate 301B, and an insulating layer 346 is provided on the insulating layer 261 provided on the substrate 301A.
  • the insulating layers 345 and 346 are insulating layers that function as protective layers, and can suppress diffusion of impurities into the substrates 301B and 301A.
  • an inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 121 or the insulating layer 332 can be used.
  • Substrate 301B is provided with a plug 343 penetrating through substrate 301B and insulating layer 345 .
  • an insulating layer 344 functioning as a protective layer to cover the side surface of the plug 343 .
  • the substrate 301B is provided with a conductive layer 342 under the insulating layer 345 .
  • the conductive layer 342 is embedded in the insulating layer 335, and the lower surfaces of the conductive layer 342 and the insulating layer 335 are planarized. Also, the conductive layer 342 is electrically connected to the plug 343 .
  • the conductive layer 341 is provided on the insulating layer 346 on the substrate 301A.
  • the conductive layer 341 is embedded in the insulating layer 336, and the top surfaces of the conductive layer 341 and the insulating layer 336 are planarized.
  • the same conductive material is preferably used for the conductive layers 341 and 342 .
  • a metal film containing an element selected from Al, Cr, Cu, Ta, Ti, Mo, and W, or a metal nitride film (titanium nitride film, molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film) containing the above elements as components etc. can be used.
  • a Cu—Cu (copper-copper) direct bonding technique (a technique for achieving electrical continuity by connecting Cu (copper) pads) can be applied.
  • a display panel 200 ⁇ /b>C shown in FIG. 18 has a configuration in which a conductive layer 341 and a conductive layer 342 are bonded via bumps 347 .
  • the conductive layers 341 and 342 can be electrically connected.
  • the bumps 347 can be formed using a conductive material containing, for example, gold (Au), nickel (Ni), indium (In), tin (Sn), or the like. Also, for example, solder may be used as the bumps 347 . Further, an adhesive layer 348 may be provided between the insulating layer 345 and the insulating layer 346 . Further, when the bump 347 is provided, the insulating layer 335 and the insulating layer 336 may not be provided.
  • Display panel 200D A display panel 200D shown in FIG. 19 is mainly different from the display panel 200A in that the configuration of transistors is different.
  • the transistor 320 is a transistor (OS transistor) in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
  • OS transistor a transistor in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
  • the transistor 320 has a semiconductor layer 321 , an insulating layer 323 , a conductive layer 324 , a pair of conductive layers 325 , an insulating layer 326 , and a conductive layer 327 .
  • Substrate 331 corresponds to substrate 291 in FIGS. 15A and 15B.
  • An insulating layer 332 is provided over the substrate 331 .
  • the insulating layer 332 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate 331 into the transistor 320 and oxygen from the semiconductor layer 321 toward the insulating layer 332 side.
  • a film into which hydrogen or oxygen is less likely to diffuse than a silicon oxide film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon nitride film, can be used.
  • a conductive layer 327 is provided over the insulating layer 332 and an insulating layer 326 is provided to cover the conductive layer 327 .
  • the conductive layer 327 functions as a first gate electrode of the transistor 320, and part of the insulating layer 326 functions as a first gate insulating layer.
  • An oxide insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is preferably used for at least a portion of the insulating layer 326 that is in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 .
  • the upper surface of the insulating layer 326 is preferably planarized.
  • the semiconductor layer 321 is provided over the insulating layer 326 .
  • the semiconductor layer 321 preferably includes a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) film exhibiting semiconductor characteristics.
  • a pair of conductive layers 325 is provided on and in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 and functions as a source electrode and a drain electrode.
  • An insulating layer 328 is provided to cover the top and side surfaces of the pair of conductive layers 325 , the side surface of the semiconductor layer 321 , and the like, and the insulating layer 264 is provided over the insulating layer 328 .
  • the insulating layer 328 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the semiconductor layer 321 from the insulating layer 264 or the like and oxygen from leaving the semiconductor layer 321 .
  • an insulating film similar to the insulating layer 332 can be used as the insulating layer 328.
  • An opening reaching the semiconductor layer 321 is provided in the insulating layer 328 and the insulating layer 264 .
  • An insulating layer 323 in contact with the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 321 and a conductive layer 324 are embedded in the opening.
  • the conductive layer 324 functions as a second gate electrode, and the insulating layer 323 functions as a second gate insulating layer.
  • the top surface of the conductive layer 324, the top surface of the insulating layer 323, and the top surface of the insulating layer 264 are planarized so that their heights are the same or substantially the same, and an insulating layer 329 and an insulating layer 265 are provided to cover them. ing.
  • the insulating layers 264 and 265 function as interlayer insulating layers.
  • the insulating layer 329 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the transistor 320 from the insulating layer 265 or the like.
  • an insulating film similar to the insulating layers 328 and 332 can be used.
  • a plug 274 electrically connected to one of the pair of conductive layers 325 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layers 265 , 329 and 264 .
  • the plug 274 includes a conductive layer 274a covering the side surfaces of the openings of the insulating layers 265, the insulating layers 329, the insulating layers 264, and the insulating layers 328 and part of the upper surface of the conductive layer 325, and the conductive layer 274a. It is preferable to have a conductive layer 274b in contact with the top surface. At this time, a conductive material into which hydrogen and oxygen are difficult to diffuse is preferably used for the conductive layer 274a.
  • the structure of the transistor included in the display panel of this embodiment there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display panel of this embodiment.
  • a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, an inverted staggered transistor, or the like can be used.
  • the transistor structure may be either a top-gate type or a bottom-gate type.
  • gates may be provided above and below a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
  • a structure in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied to the transistor 320 .
  • a transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and applying the same signal to them.
  • the threshold voltage of the transistor may be controlled by applying a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and applying a potential for driving to the other.
  • the crystallinity of the semiconductor material used for the semiconductor layer of the transistor is not particularly limited, either.
  • a semiconductor having a crystalline region in the semiconductor) may be used.
  • a single crystal semiconductor or a crystalline semiconductor is preferably used because deterioration in transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
  • the bandgap of the metal oxide used for the semiconductor layer of the transistor is preferably 2 eV or more, more preferably 2.5 eV or more.
  • the metal oxide preferably comprises at least indium or zinc, more preferably indium and zinc.
  • metal oxides include indium and M (where M is gallium, aluminum, yttrium, tin, silicon, boron, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium). , hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and cobalt) and zinc.
  • the semiconductor layer of the transistor may comprise silicon.
  • silicon examples include amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon (low-temperature polysilicon, monocrystalline silicon, etc.).
  • Metal oxides that can be used in the semiconductor layer include, for example, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and zinc oxide. Also, the metal oxide preferably contains two or three elements selected from indium, the element M, and zinc. Element M includes gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium. One or more selected from In particular, the element M is preferably one or more selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, and tin.
  • an oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc is preferably used as the metal oxide used for the semiconductor layer.
  • an oxide containing indium, tin, and zinc also referred to as ITZO (registered trademark)
  • ITZO oxide containing indium, gallium, tin, and zinc
  • oxides containing indium, gallium, tin, and zinc are preferably used.
  • an oxide containing indium, aluminum, and zinc also referred to as IAZO
  • an oxide containing indium, aluminum, gallium, and zinc is preferably used.
  • the atomic ratio of In in the In-M-Zn oxide is preferably equal to or higher than the atomic ratio of M.
  • the semiconductor layer may have two or more metal oxide layers with different compositions.
  • gallium or aluminum it is particularly preferable to use gallium or aluminum as the element M.
  • a stacked structure of one selected from indium oxide, indium gallium oxide, and IGZO and one selected from IAZO, IAGZO, and ITZO (registered trademark) is used.
  • crystalline oxide semiconductors examples include CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline)-OS, nc (nanocrystalline)-OS, and the like.
  • OS transistors have much higher field-effect mobility than transistors using amorphous silicon.
  • an OS transistor has extremely low source-drain leakage current (hereinafter also referred to as an off-state current) in an off state, and can retain charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time. is possible. Further, by using the OS transistor, power consumption of the display panel can be reduced.
  • the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device it is necessary to increase the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device.
  • the OS transistor when the transistor operates in the saturation region, the OS transistor has a smaller change in the source-drain current with respect to the change in the gate-source voltage than the Si transistor. Therefore, by applying an OS transistor as a drive transistor included in a pixel circuit, the current flowing between the source and the drain can be finely determined according to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source. can be controlled. Therefore, it is possible to increase the gradation in the pixel circuit.
  • the OS transistor flows a more stable current (saturation current) than the Si transistor even when the source-drain voltage gradually increases. be able to. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor, a stable current can be supplied to the light-emitting device even when the current-voltage characteristics of the EL device vary, for example. That is, when the OS transistor operates in the saturation region, even if the source-drain voltage is increased, the source-drain current hardly changes, so that the light emission luminance of the light-emitting device can be stabilized.
  • an OS transistor as a driving transistor included in a pixel circuit, it is possible to suppress black floating, increase emission luminance, provide multiple gradations, and suppress variations in light emitting devices. can be planned.
  • a display panel 200E illustrated in FIG. 20 has a structure in which a transistor 320A and a transistor 320B each including an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor in which a channel is formed are stacked.
  • the display panel 200D can be referred to for the configuration of the transistor 320A, the transistor 320B, and their peripherals.
  • transistors each including an oxide semiconductor are stacked here, the structure is not limited to this.
  • a structure in which three or more transistors are stacked may be employed.
  • a display panel 200F illustrated in FIG. 21 has a structure in which a transistor 310 in which a channel is formed over a substrate 301 and a transistor 320 including a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer in which the channel is formed are stacked.
  • An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 , and a conductive layer 251 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
  • An insulating layer 262 is provided to cover the conductive layer 251 , and the conductive layer 252 is provided over the insulating layer 262 .
  • the conductive layers 251 and 252 each function as wiring.
  • An insulating layer 263 and an insulating layer 332 are provided to cover the conductive layer 252 , and the transistor 320 is provided over the insulating layer 332 .
  • An insulating layer 265 is provided to cover the transistor 320 and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 265 . Capacitor 240 and transistor 320 are electrically connected by plug 274 .
  • the transistor 320 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit. Further, the transistor 310 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit or a transistor forming a driver circuit (a gate line driver circuit or a source line driver circuit) for driving the pixel circuit. Further, the transistors 310 and 320 can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit.
  • a display panel 200G illustrated in FIG. 22 has a structure in which a transistor 310 in which a channel is formed over a substrate 301, a transistor 320A including a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer in which the channel is formed, and a transistor 320B are stacked.
  • the transistor 320A can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit.
  • the transistor 310 can be used as a transistor that forms a pixel circuit or a transistor that forms a driver circuit (a gate line driver circuit or a source line driver circuit) for driving the pixel circuit.
  • the transistor 320B may be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit, or may be used as a transistor forming the driver circuit. Further, the transistor 310, the transistor 320A, and the transistor 320B can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit or a memory circuit.
  • This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described herein.
  • a device manufactured using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.
  • a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
  • a structure in which at least light-emitting layers are separately formed in light-emitting devices with different emission wavelengths is sometimes referred to as an SBS (side-by-side) structure.
  • SBS side-by-side
  • the material and configuration can be optimized for each light-emitting device, which increases the degree of freedom in selecting the material and configuration, and facilitates improvement in brightness and reliability.
  • holes or electrons are sometimes referred to as “carriers”.
  • the hole injection layer or electron injection layer is referred to as a "carrier injection layer”
  • the hole transport layer or electron transport layer is referred to as a “carrier transport layer”
  • the hole blocking layer or electron blocking layer is referred to as a "carrier It is sometimes called a block layer.
  • the carrier injection layer, the carrier transport layer, and the carrier block layer described above may not be clearly distinguished from each other due to their cross-sectional shape, characteristics, or the like.
  • one layer may function as two or three of the carrier injection layer, the carrier transport layer, and the carrier block layer.
  • a light-emitting device (also referred to as a light-emitting element) includes an EL layer between a pair of electrodes.
  • the EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer.
  • the layers (also referred to as functional layers) included in the EL layer include a light-emitting layer, a carrier-injection layer (hole-injection layer and electron-injection layer), a carrier-transport layer (hole-transport layer and electron-transport layer), and A carrier block layer (a hole block layer and an electron block layer) and the like are included.
  • an OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • a QLED Quadantum-dot Light Emitting Diode
  • the light-emitting substance included in the light-emitting device include a substance that emits fluorescence (fluorescent material), a substance that emits phosphorescence (phosphorescent material), and a substance that exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence: TADF ) materials), and inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.).
  • LEDs such as micro LED (Light Emitting Diode), can also be used as a light emitting device.
  • the emission color of the light emitting device can be infrared, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like.
  • color purity can be enhanced by providing a light-emitting device with a microcavity structure.
  • the light emitting device has an EL layer 763 between a pair of electrodes (lower electrode 761 and upper electrode 762).
  • EL layer 763 can be composed of multiple layers, such as layer 780 , light-emitting layer 771 , and layer 790 .
  • the light-emitting layer 771 includes at least a light-emitting substance (also referred to as a light-emitting material).
  • the layer 780 includes a layer containing a substance with high hole injection property (hole injection layer), a layer containing a substance with high hole transport property (positive hole-transporting layer) and a layer containing a highly electron-blocking substance (electron-blocking layer).
  • the layer 790 includes a layer containing a substance with high electron injection properties (electron injection layer), a layer containing a substance with high electron transport properties (electron transport layer), and a layer containing a substance with high hole blocking properties (positive layer). pore blocking layer).
  • a configuration having layer 780, light-emitting layer 771, and layer 790 provided between a pair of electrodes can function as a single light-emitting unit, and the configuration of FIG. 23A is referred to herein as a single structure.
  • FIG. 23B is a modification of the EL layer 763 included in the light emitting device shown in FIG. 23A. Specifically, the light-emitting device shown in FIG. It has a top layer 792 and a top electrode 762 on layer 792 .
  • layer 781 is a hole injection layer
  • layer 782 is a hole transport layer
  • layer 791 is an electron transport layer
  • layer 792 is an electron injection layer.
  • the layer 781 is an electron injection layer
  • the layer 782 is an electron transport layer
  • the layer 791 is a hole transport layer
  • the layer 792 is a hole injection layer.
  • FIGS. 23C and 23D a configuration in which a plurality of light-emitting layers (light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773) are provided between layers 780 and 790 is also a variation of the single structure.
  • FIGS. 23C and 23D show an example having three light-emitting layers, the number of light-emitting layers in a single-structure light-emitting device may be two or four or more.
  • the single structure light emitting device may have a buffer layer between the two light emitting layers.
  • a structure in which a plurality of light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 763a and light-emitting unit 763b) are connected in series via a charge generation layer 785 (also referred to as an intermediate layer) is used herein.
  • This is called a tandem structure.
  • the tandem structure may also be called a stack structure.
  • FIGS. 23D and 23F are examples in which the display panel has a layer 764 that overlaps the light emitting device.
  • Figure 23D is an example of layer 764 overlapping the light emitting device shown in Figure 23C
  • Figure 23F is an example of layer 764 overlapping the light emitting device shown in Figure 23E.
  • the layer 764 one or both of a color conversion layer and a color filter (colored layer) can be used.
  • the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 may use light-emitting materials that emit light of the same color, or even the same light-emitting materials.
  • the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 may be formed using a light-emitting substance that emits blue light.
  • blue light emitted by the light-emitting device can be extracted.
  • a color conversion layer is provided as layer 764 shown in FIG. and can extract red or green light.
  • a single-structure light-emitting device preferably has a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits blue light and a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits visible light with a longer wavelength than blue.
  • a single-structure light-emitting device has three light-emitting layers, a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting substance that emits red (R) light, a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting substance that emits green (G) light, and a light-emitting layer that emits blue light. It is preferable to have a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting substance (B) that emits light.
  • the stacking order of the light-emitting layers can be R, G, B from the anode side, or R, B, G, etc. from the anode side.
  • a buffer layer may be provided between R and G or B.
  • a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits blue (B) light and a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits yellow light are required.
  • This configuration is sometimes called BY single.
  • a color filter may be provided as layer 764 shown in FIG. 23D.
  • a desired color of light can be obtained by passing the white light through the color filter.
  • a light-emitting device that emits white light preferably contains two or more types of light-emitting substances.
  • two or more light-emitting substances may be selected so that the light emission of each light-emitting substance has a complementary color relationship.
  • the emission color of the first light-emitting layer and the emission color of the second light-emitting layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a light-emitting device that emits white light as a whole. The same applies to light-emitting devices having three or more light-emitting layers.
  • the light-emitting layer 771 and the light-emitting layer 772 may be made of a light-emitting material that emits light of the same color, or may be the same light-emitting material.
  • a light-emitting substance that emits blue light may be used for each of the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 .
  • blue light emitted by the light-emitting device can be extracted.
  • a color conversion layer is provided as layer 764 shown in FIG. and can extract red or green light.
  • the light-emitting device having the configuration shown in FIG. 23E or 23F is used for the sub-pixel that emits light of each color
  • different light-emitting substances may be used depending on the sub-pixel.
  • a light-emitting substance that emits red light may be used for each of the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 .
  • a light-emitting substance that emits green light may be used for each of the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 .
  • a light-emitting substance that emits blue light may be used for each of the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 . It can be said that the display panel having such a configuration employs a tandem structure light emitting device and has an SBS structure. Therefore, it is possible to have both the merit of the tandem structure and the merit of the SBS structure. As a result, a highly reliable light-emitting device capable of emitting light with high brightness can be realized.
  • light-emitting substances with different emission colors may be used for the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 .
  • the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 771 and the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 772 are complementary colors, white light emission is obtained.
  • a color filter may be provided as layer 764 shown in FIG. 23F. A desired color of light can be obtained by passing the white light through the color filter.
  • 23E and 23F show an example in which the light-emitting unit 763a has one light-emitting layer 771 and the light-emitting unit 763b has one light-emitting layer 772, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • Each of the light-emitting unit 763a and the light-emitting unit 763b may have two or more light-emitting layers.
  • FIG. 23E and FIG. 23F exemplify a light-emitting device having two light-emitting units
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the light emitting device may have three or more light emitting units.
  • FIGS. 24A to 24C the configuration of the light-emitting device shown in FIGS. 24A to 24C can be mentioned.
  • FIG. 24A shows a configuration having three light emitting units.
  • a structure having two light-emitting units may be called a two-stage tandem structure, and a structure having three light-emitting units may be called a three-stage tandem structure.
  • a plurality of light emitting units are connected in series with the charge generating layer 785 interposed therebetween.
  • Light-emitting unit 763a includes layer 780a, light-emitting layer 771, and layer 790a
  • light-emitting unit 763b includes layer 780b, light-emitting layer 772, and layer 790b
  • light-emitting unit 763c includes , a layer 780c, a light-emitting layer 773, and a layer 790c.
  • the light-emitting layer 771, the light-emitting layer 772, and the light-emitting layer 773 preferably contain light-emitting substances that emit light of the same color.
  • the light-emitting layer 771, the light-emitting layer 772, and the light-emitting layer 773 each include a red (R) light-emitting substance (so-called three-stage tandem structure of R ⁇ R ⁇ R), the light-emitting layer 771, the light-emitting layer 772 and 773 each include a green (G) light-emitting substance (a so-called G ⁇ G ⁇ G three-stage tandem structure), or the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 each include a blue light-emitting substance.
  • a structure (B) including a light-emitting substance (a so-called three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ B ⁇ B) can be employed.
  • FIG. 24B shows a configuration in which a plurality of light emitting units (light emitting unit 763a and light emitting unit 763b) are connected in series with charge generation layers 785 interposed therebetween.
  • Light-emitting unit 763a includes layer 780a, light-emitting layers 771a, 771b, and 771c, and layer 790a.
  • Light-emitting unit 763b includes layer 780b, light-emitting layers 772a, 772b, and layer 790a. and a light-emitting layer 772c and a layer 790b.
  • the light-emitting layers 771a, 771b, and 771c are configured to emit white light (W) by selecting light-emitting substances having complementary colors.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 24C has a two-stage tandem structure of W ⁇ W. Note that there is no particular limitation on the stacking order of the light-emitting substances that are complementary colors of the light-emitting layer 771a, the light-emitting layer 771b, and the light-emitting layer 771c. A practitioner can appropriately select the optimum stacking order.
  • a three-stage tandem structure of W ⁇ W ⁇ W or a tandem structure of four or more stages may be employed.
  • a tandem structure light-emitting device When a tandem structure light-emitting device is used, a two-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ Y having a light-emitting unit that emits yellow (Y) light and a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, red (R) and A two-stage tandem structure of R G ⁇ B having a light emitting unit that emits green (G) light and a light emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, a light emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, and a light emitting unit that emits yellow (B) light.
  • a light-emitting unit having one light-emitting substance and a light-emitting unit having a plurality of light-emitting substances may be combined.
  • a plurality of light emitting units (light emitting unit 763a, light emitting unit 763b, and light emitting unit 763c) are connected in series with the charge generating layer 785 interposed therebetween.
  • Light-emitting unit 763a includes layer 780a, light-emitting layer 771, and layer 790a
  • light-emitting unit 763b includes layer 780b, light-emitting layer 772a, light-emitting layer 772b, light-emitting layer 772c, and layer 790b.
  • the light-emitting unit 763c includes a layer 780c, a light-emitting layer 773, and a layer 790c.
  • the light-emitting unit 763a is a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light
  • the light-emitting unit 763b emits red (R), green (G), and yellow-green (YG) light.
  • a three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ R, G, and YG ⁇ B, in which the light-emitting unit 763c is a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, or the like can be applied.
  • the order of the number of stacked light-emitting units and the colors is as follows: from the anode side, a two-stage structure of B and Y; a two-stage structure of B and light-emitting unit X; a three-stage structure of B, Y, and B; , B, and the order of the number of layers of light-emitting layers and the colors in the light-emitting unit X is, from the anode side, a two-layer structure of R and Y, a two-layer structure of R and G, and a two-layer structure of G and R.
  • a two-layer structure, a three-layer structure of G, R, and G, or a three-layer structure of R, G, and R can be used.
  • another layer may be provided between the two light-emitting layers.
  • the layer 780 and the layer 790 may each independently have a laminated structure consisting of two or more layers.
  • light emitting unit 763a has layer 780a, light emitting layer 771 and layer 790a, and light emitting unit 763b has layer 780b, light emitting layer 772 and layer 790b.
  • layers 780a and 780b each comprise one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer.
  • layers 790a and 790b each include one or more of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer. If the bottom electrode 761 is the cathode and the top electrode 762 is the anode, then layers 780a and 790a would have the opposite arrangement, and layers 780b and 790b would also have the opposite arrangement.
  • layer 780a has a hole-injection layer and a hole-transport layer over the hole-injection layer, and further includes a hole-transport layer. It may have an electron blocking layer on the layer.
  • Layer 790a also has an electron-transporting layer and may also have a hole-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 771 and the electron-transporting layer.
  • Layer 780b also has a hole transport layer and may also have an electron blocking layer on the hole transport layer.
  • Layer 790b also has an electron-transporting layer, an electron-injecting layer on the electron-transporting layer, and may also have a hole-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 772 and the electron-transporting layer. If the bottom electrode 761 is the cathode and the top electrode 762 is the anode, for example, layer 780a has an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer on the electron injection layer, and a positive electrode on the electron transport layer. It may have a pore blocking layer. Layer 790a also has a hole-transporting layer and may also have an electron-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 771 and the hole-transporting layer.
  • Layer 780b also has an electron-transporting layer and may also have a hole-blocking layer on the electron-transporting layer.
  • Layer 790b also has a hole-transporting layer, a hole-injecting layer on the hole-transporting layer, and an electron-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 772 and the hole-transporting layer. good too.
  • two light-emitting units are stacked with the charge generation layer 785 interposed therebetween.
  • Charge generation layer 785 has at least a charge generation region.
  • the charge-generating layer 785 has a function of injecting electrons into one of the two light-emitting units and holes into the other when a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes.
  • a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode on the light extraction side of the lower electrode 761 and the upper electrode 762 .
  • a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
  • the display panel has a light-emitting device that emits infrared light
  • a conductive film that transmits visible light and infrared light is used for the electrode on the side from which light is extracted
  • a conductive film is used for the electrode on the side that does not extract light. It is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects visible light and infrared light.
  • a conductive film that transmits visible light may also be used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
  • the electrode is preferably placed between the reflective layer and the EL layer 763 . That is, the light emitted from the EL layer 763 may be reflected by the reflective layer and extracted from the display panel.
  • metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, mixtures thereof, and the like can be appropriately used.
  • specific examples of such materials include aluminum, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, gallium, zinc, indium, tin, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, palladium, gold, platinum, silver, yttrium, Metals such as neodymium, and alloys containing appropriate combinations of these are included.
  • Examples of such materials include indium tin oxide (In—Sn oxide, also referred to as ITO), In—Si—Sn oxide (also referred to as ITSO), indium zinc oxide (In—Zn oxide), and In -W-Zn oxide and the like can be mentioned.
  • Examples of such materials include aluminum-containing alloys (aluminum alloys) such as alloys of aluminum, nickel, and lanthanum (Al-Ni-La), and alloys of silver, palladium and copper (Ag-Pd-Cu, APC Also referred to as).
  • elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table of elements not exemplified above e.g., lithium, cesium, calcium, strontium
  • europium e.g., europium
  • rare earth metals such as ytterbium
  • appropriate combinations of these alloy containing, graphene, and the like e.g., graphene, graphene, and the like.
  • the light-emitting device preferably employs a micro-optical resonator (microcavity) structure. Therefore, one of the pair of electrodes included in the light-emitting device is preferably an electrode (semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode) that is transparent and reflective to visible light, and the other is an electrode that is reflective to visible light ( reflective electrode). Since the light-emitting device has a microcavity structure, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be resonated between both electrodes, and the light emitted from the light-emitting device can be enhanced.
  • microcavity micro-optical resonator
  • the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode has a laminated structure of a conductive layer that can be used as a reflective electrode and a conductive layer that can be used as an electrode that transmits visible light (also referred to as a transparent electrode). can be done.
  • the light transmittance of the transparent electrode is set to 40% or more.
  • an electrode having a transmittance of 40% or more for visible light (light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 750 nm) as the transparent electrode of the light emitting device.
  • the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode is 10% or more and 95% or less, preferably 30% or more and 80% or less.
  • the visible light reflectance of the reflective electrode is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less.
  • the resistivity of these electrodes is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm or less.
  • a light-emitting device has at least a light-emitting layer. Further, in the light-emitting device, layers other than the light-emitting layer include a substance with high hole-injection property, a substance with high hole-transport property, a hole-blocking material, a substance with high electron-transport property, an electron-blocking material, and a layer with high electron-injection property. A layer containing a substance, a bipolar substance (a substance with high electron-transport properties and high hole-transport properties), or the like may be further included.
  • the light-emitting device has, in addition to the light-emitting layer, one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, a charge generation layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. can be configured.
  • Either a low-molecular-weight compound or a high-molecular-weight compound can be used in the light-emitting device, and an inorganic compound may be included.
  • Each of the layers constituting the light-emitting device can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
  • the emissive layer has one or more emissive materials.
  • a substance emitting light of blue, purple, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, red, or the like is used as appropriate.
  • a substance that emits near-infrared light can be used as the light-emitting substance.
  • Luminescent materials include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, TADF materials, quantum dot materials, and the like.
  • fluorescent materials include pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, and naphthalene derivatives. mentioned.
  • Examples of phosphorescent materials include organometallic complexes (especially iridium complexes) having a 4H-triazole skeleton, 1H-triazole skeleton, imidazole skeleton, pyrimidine skeleton, pyrazine skeleton, or pyridine skeleton, and phenylpyridine derivatives having an electron-withdrawing group.
  • organometallic complexes especially iridium complexes
  • platinum complexes, rare earth metal complexes, and the like, which serve as ligands, can be mentioned.
  • the light-emitting layer may contain one or more organic compounds (host material, assist material, etc.) in addition to the light-emitting substance (guest material).
  • One or both of a highly hole-transporting substance (hole-transporting material) and a highly electron-transporting substance (electron-transporting material) can be used as the one or more organic compounds.
  • a highly hole-transporting substance hole-transporting material
  • a highly electron-transporting substance electron-transporting material
  • electron-transporting material a material having a high electron-transporting property that can be used for the electron-transporting layer, which will be described later, can be used.
  • Bipolar materials or TADF materials may also be used as one or more organic compounds.
  • the light-emitting layer preferably includes, for example, a phosphorescent material and a combination of a hole-transporting material and an electron-transporting material that easily form an exciplex.
  • ExTET Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer
  • a combination that forms an exciplex that emits light that overlaps with the wavelength of the absorption band on the lowest energy side of the light-emitting substance energy transfer becomes smooth and light emission can be efficiently obtained. With this configuration, high efficiency, low-voltage driving, and long life of the light-emitting device can be realized at the same time.
  • the hole-injecting layer is a layer that injects holes from the anode to the hole-transporting layer, and contains a material with high hole-injecting properties.
  • highly hole-injecting materials include aromatic amine compounds and composite materials containing a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material (electron-accepting material).
  • hole-transporting material a material having a high hole-transporting property that can be used for the hole-transporting layer, which will be described later, can be used.
  • oxides of metals belonging to groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be used.
  • Specific examples include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide.
  • molybdenum oxide is particularly preferred because it is stable even in the atmosphere, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle.
  • An organic acceptor material containing fluorine can also be used.
  • Organic acceptor materials such as quinodimethane derivatives, chloranil derivatives, and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives can also be used.
  • a material with a high hole-injection property a material containing a hole-transporting material and an oxide of a metal belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the above-described periodic table (typically molybdenum oxide) is used. may be used.
  • the hole-transporting layer is a layer that transports holes injected from the anode to the light-emitting layer by means of the hole-injecting layer.
  • a hole-transporting layer is a layer containing a hole-transporting material.
  • the hole-transporting material a substance having a hole mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more is preferable. Note that substances other than these can be used as long as they have a higher hole-transport property than electron-transport property.
  • hole-transporting materials include ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.), aromatic amines (compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton), and other highly hole-transporting materials. is preferred.
  • ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.
  • aromatic amines compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton
  • other highly hole-transporting materials is preferred.
  • the electron blocking layer is provided in contact with the light emitting layer.
  • the electron blocking layer is a layer containing a material capable of transporting holes and blocking electrons.
  • a material having an electron blocking property can be used among the above hole-transporting materials.
  • the electron blocking layer has hole-transporting properties, it can also be called a hole-transporting layer. Moreover, the layer which has electron blocking property can also be called an electron blocking layer among hole transport layers.
  • the electron-transporting layer is a layer that transports electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer by the electron-injecting layer.
  • the electron-transporting layer is a layer containing an electron-transporting material.
  • an electron-transporting material a substance having an electron mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more is preferable. Note that substances other than these substances can be used as long as they have a higher electron-transport property than hole-transport property.
  • electron-transporting materials include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, ⁇ electron deficient including oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives with quinoline ligands, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, and other nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds
  • a material having a high electron transport property such as a type heteroaromatic compound can be used.
  • the hole blocking layer is provided in contact with the light emitting layer.
  • the hole-blocking layer is a layer containing a material that has electron-transport properties and can block holes. Among the above electron-transporting materials, materials having hole-blocking properties can be used for the hole-blocking layer.
  • the hole blocking layer has electron transport properties, it can also be called an electron transport layer. Moreover, among the electron transport layers, a layer having hole blocking properties can also be referred to as a hole blocking layer.
  • the electron injection layer is a layer that injects electrons from the cathode into the electron transport layer, and is a layer containing a material with high electron injection properties.
  • Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used as materials with high electron injection properties.
  • a composite material containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material (electron-donating material) can also be used as a material with high electron-injecting properties.
  • the LUMO level of the material with high electron injection properties has a small difference (specifically, 0.5 eV or less) from the value of the work function of the material used for the cathode.
  • the electron injection layer includes, for example, lithium, cesium, ytterbium, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF x , X is an arbitrary number), 8-(quinolinolato)lithium (abbreviation: Liq), 2-(2-pyridyl)phenoratritium (abbreviation: LiPP), 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolatritium (abbreviation: LiPPy), 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)pheno Alkali metals such as latolithium (abbreviation: LiPPP), lithium oxide (LiO x ), cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used.
  • the electron injection layer may have a laminated structure of two or more layers. Examples of the laminated structure include a structure in which lithium fluoride is used for the first layer and ytterbium is provided for the second layer.
  • the electron injection layer may have an electron-transporting material.
  • a compound having a lone pair of electrons and an electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring can be used as the electron-transporting material.
  • a compound having at least one of a pyridine ring, diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), and triazine ring can be used.
  • the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of an organic compound having an unshared electron pair is preferably ⁇ 3.6 eV or more and ⁇ 2.3 eV or less.
  • CV cyclic voltammetry
  • photoelectron spectroscopy optical absorption spectroscopy
  • inverse photoemission spectroscopy etc. are used to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and LUMO level of an organic compound. can be estimated.
  • NBPhen 2,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
  • NBPhen 2,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
  • mPPhen2P 2 ,2′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)
  • HATNA diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine
  • TmPPPyTz 2,4,6-tris[3′-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-1,3,5-triazine
  • TmPPPyTz organic compounds having a lone pair of electrons
  • NBPhen has a higher glass transition point (Tg) than BPhen and has excellent heat resistance.
  • the charge generation layer has at least a charge generation region, as described above.
  • the charge generation region preferably contains an acceptor material, for example, preferably contains a hole transport material and an acceptor material applicable to the hole injection layer described above.
  • the charge generation layer preferably has a layer containing a material with high electron injection properties.
  • This layer can also be called an electron injection buffer layer.
  • the electron injection buffer layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer. Since the injection barrier between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer can be relaxed by providing the electron injection buffer layer, electrons generated in the charge generation region can be easily injected into the electron transport layer.
  • the electron injection buffer layer preferably contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and can be configured to contain, for example, an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound.
  • the electron injection buffer layer preferably has an inorganic compound containing an alkali metal and oxygen, or an inorganic compound containing an alkaline earth metal and oxygen. Lithium (Li 2 O), etc.) is more preferred.
  • the above materials applicable to the electron injection layer can be preferably used.
  • the charge generation layer preferably has a layer containing a material with high electron transport properties. Such layers may also be referred to as electron relay layers.
  • the electron relay layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron injection buffer layer. If the charge generation layer does not have an electron injection buffer layer, the electron relay layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer.
  • the electron relay layer has a function of smoothly transferring electrons by preventing interaction between the charge generation region and the electron injection buffer layer (or electron transport layer).
  • a phthalocyanine-based material such as copper (II) phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc), or a metal complex having a metal-oxygen bond and an aromatic ligand.
  • charge generation region the electron injection buffer layer, and the electron relay layer described above may not be clearly distinguishable depending on their cross-sectional shape, characteristics, or the like.
  • the charge generation layer may contain a donor material instead of the acceptor material.
  • the charge-generating layer may have a layer containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material, which are applicable to the electron-injecting layer described above.
  • This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described herein.
  • CLCb cholesteric liquid crystal
  • CLCg cholesteric liquid crystal
  • CLCr cholesteric liquid crystal
  • Pb helical pitch
  • Pg helical pitch
  • Pr helical pitch
  • 10 eye
  • 11 retina
  • 30 display device, 31i: surface, 31: display Panel, 32: Linear polarizer, 35: Display unit, 40: Optical device, 41: Reflective polarizer, 42a: Lens, 42b: Lens, 42: Lens, 43: Optical rotator, 44: Retardation plate, 45b: Layer , 45g: layer, 45r: layer, 45s: spacer, 45: reflective polarizer, 46: lens, 51: substrate, 52: adhesive, 53: optical adhesive, 60: housing, 61: band, 70: pixel , 71: sub-pixel, 74: pixel array, 75: circuit, 76: circuit, 81: layer, 82: layer, 83: layer, 100a: display panel, 100b: display panel, 110W: light emitting

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KR1020247030546A KR20240150599A (ko) 2022-02-25 2023-02-13 광학 기기 및 전자 기기
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