WO2023157261A1 - ロボット制御装置 - Google Patents
ロボット制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023157261A1 WO2023157261A1 PCT/JP2022/006768 JP2022006768W WO2023157261A1 WO 2023157261 A1 WO2023157261 A1 WO 2023157261A1 JP 2022006768 W JP2022006768 W JP 2022006768W WO 2023157261 A1 WO2023157261 A1 WO 2023157261A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- robot
- stop
- stop control
- signal
- control device
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/06—Safety devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1674—Program controls characterised by safety, monitoring, diagnostic
- B25J9/1676—Avoiding collision or forbidden zones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
- B25J13/085—Force or torque sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1628—Program controls characterised by the control loop
- B25J9/1653—Program controls characterised by the control loop parameters identification, estimation, stiffness, accuracy, error analysis
Definitions
- the embodiment of the present invention relates to a robot control device.
- Collaborative robots that share a workspace with humans without safety fences ensure safety by detecting contact with humans and stopping the robot.
- Such robots generally have a function of detecting an external force, and stop the robot when the external force detected when a person touches the robot exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- Patent Literature 1 states, "In this way, the optimum threshold value for an external force varies depending on the situation. Therefore, it is possible to change the threshold value while ensuring the safety of the human being after ascertaining the situation of the robot and the human being.”
- the controller 20 is a digital computer, and the current position of the robot 10 detected by the position detector 11 is within a predetermined area. It includes an external force determination condition setting unit 21 that sets an in-area external force determination condition as an external force determination condition when the current position of the robot 10 is outside the predetermined area, and sets an out-of-area external force determination condition as an external force determination condition. ” (Paragraph 0023).
- Patent Literature 2 relates to a human-collaborative robot system, and describes "a human-collaborative robot system in which a robot and a human share a working space, in which a physical quantity that changes according to the contact force that the robot receives when the robot comes into contact with the external environment is A detection unit that directly or indirectly detects a physical quantity detected by the detection unit, and a first threshold value and a second threshold value that is larger than the first threshold value. When the physical quantity is equal to or greater than the second threshold, the robot is stopped according to a predetermined stopping method when the physical quantity is equal to or greater than the second threshold, and the robot is stopped by the predetermined stopping method when the physical quantity is equal to or greater than the second threshold.
- a human-collaborative robot system comprising a stop command unit that stops in a shorter time than the stop method.” (Claim 1).
- Robots perform a variety of tasks, and robots are configured to operate in a variety of work environments.
- work contents and working environments of workers who work in cooperation with robots there are various work contents and working environments of workers who work in cooperation with robots. Therefore, when the robot detects contact with a person or object and stops the robot, there are a wide range of considerations, from further ensuring safety based on risk assessment to protecting the workpiece that the robot is gripping. Over.
- a robot control device that can achieve more appropriate stop control by dynamically switching stop control according to the situation when the robot is stopped upon detection of contact between the robot and a person or object. ing.
- One aspect of the present disclosure is a robot control device that controls a robot, comprising: an external force detection unit that detects an external force acting on the robot; and a stop control unit that switches stop control for stopping the robot according to a signal indicating the state of the robot or the state of the surrounding environment of the robot.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system and functional blocks of a robot control device according to a first embodiment
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the hardware structural example of a robot control apparatus. It is a figure which shows the equipment structure of a robot system and the functional block of a robot control apparatus which concern on 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system and functional blocks of a robot control device according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system and functional blocks of a robot control device according to a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system and functional blocks of a robot control device according to a fifth embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system and functional blocks of a robot control device according to a sixth embodiment
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system and functional blocks of a robot control device according to a seventh embodiment;
- a robot system including the robot controllers according to the first to seventh embodiments will be described below.
- the robot control device detects a contact between the robot and the external environment (a person or an object in the work space) and stops the robot. By dynamically switching the control content of the stop control according to the situation, it is configured to realize more appropriate stop control according to the situation.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system 100 and functional blocks of a robot controller 50 according to a first embodiment.
- the robot system 100 is configured as a collaborative robot system in which humans and robots share a working space.
- the robot system 100 includes a robot 10 and a robot controller 50 that controls the robot 10 .
- the robot 10 is, for example, a vertically articulated robot as shown, although other types of robots may be used.
- a table 80 for placing a work is arranged in the working space of the robot system 100 .
- the robot 10 cooperates with a person to perform a predetermined work on a work placed on the table 80 .
- the base 11 of the robot 10 is fixed to the installation floor.
- the robot 10 can operate to take a desired position and posture by a servomotor (not shown) provided on each joint axis.
- the robot 10 is provided with a position detection sensor 21 for detecting the position (rotational position) of each joint axis (some of the position detection sensors are shown in FIG. 1).
- the position detection sensor 21 is an encoder that detects the rotational position of the servomotor or an encoder that detects the rotational position of the joint shaft.
- a signal from each position detection sensor 21 is input to the robot control device 50 and used to calculate the position/orientation and speed of the robot 10 (predetermined control portion of the robot 10).
- the robot 10 can perform desired work with an end effector attached to the wrist at the tip of the arm.
- An end effector is an external device that can be exchanged depending on the application, such as a hand, a welding gun, or a tool.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which a hand 30 is used as an example of an end effector.
- a force sensor 71 is attached to the lower portion of the base 11 of the robot 10 .
- the force sensor 71 is, for example, a 6-axis force sensor.
- the robot control device 50 (external force detection unit 154 ) can detect an external force (contact force) acting on the robot 10 based on the detection value of the force sensor 71 . It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the external force (contact force) acting on the robot 10 is detected using a torque sensor arranged on each joint axis (or at least one joint axis) of the robot 10 .
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the robot control device 50.
- the robot controller 50 provides a processor 51 with a memory 52 (ROM, RAM, non-volatile memory, etc.), an input/output interface 53, an operation unit 54 including various operation switches, etc. via a bus. It may have a configuration as a connected general computer. Note that the hardware configuration of the robot control device 50 is common to other embodiments described below.
- the robot control device 50 controls the motion of the robot 10 according to commands from a control program or a teaching device (not shown).
- the robot control device 50 generates a trajectory plan for a predetermined control portion (for example, TCP (tool center point)) of the robot 10 according to the control program, and generates commands for each axis of the robot 10 by kinematic calculations.
- the robot control device 50 can move a predetermined control portion of the robot 10 according to the planned trajectory by executing servo control for each axis according to the command for each axis.
- a specific area (hereinafter referred to as a set area 90) is set in the work space where the robot system 100 is installed.
- This set area 90 is an area where the robot 10 performs work using a tool (hand 30), and is an area in which there is a particular risk of a person being caught between the robot 10 and another object in the work space.
- Information (three-dimensional position information) of this setting area 90 may be stored in advance in the memory 52 (non-volatile memory) of the robot controller 50, for example, or may be stored in the teaching device connected to the robot controller 50 by the user. It may be possible to set via a setting screen (user interface) (not shown).
- the robot control device 50 sets a stop control method to be applied when contact between the robot 10 and the external environment (a person or an object in the work space) is detected. It switches dynamically depending on whether it is within 90 or not. Thereby, the robot control device 50 can appropriately perform stop control according to the operation state of the robot 10 when contact is detected.
- the robot controller 50 has a robot position calculator 151 , a stop controller 150 and an external force detector 154 .
- the external force detection unit 154 subtracts the weight of the workpiece gripped by the robot 10 and the inertial force generated by the movement of the robot 10 from the detection value output by the force sensor 71, and determines the external force (contact force) acting on the robot 10. ) can be detected.
- the external force detection unit 154 may be configured to determine that the robot 10 has come into contact with the external environment (person or object) when the detected contact force is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
- the robot position calculation unit 151 calculates the position of the robot 10 (predetermined movable part) based on the position information from the position detection sensors 21 arranged on each joint axis of the robot 10 .
- the TCP (tool center point) position of the robot 10 or the tool (hand 30) position may be calculated as the position of the robot 10 .
- This position information is calculated as a value in the world coordinate system set in the base 11 of the robot 10 .
- the robot position calculation unit 151 further calculates whether or not the position of the robot 10 is within the set area 90, and sends a signal indicating whether or not the position of the robot 10 is within the set area 90 to the stop control unit 150. send. That is, the robot position calculator 151 sends a signal indicating the state of the robot 10 to the stop controller 150 .
- the robot position calculation unit 151 compares the calculated position of the robot 10 (such as the position of the hand 30 ) with position information indicating the set area 90 to determine whether the robot 10 exists within the set area 90 . It may be determined whether or not Alternatively, the robot position calculation unit 151 virtually places a model of the robot 10 in the work space so as to assume the calculated position and posture of the robot 10, and calculates whether or not the model interferes with the setting area 90. By doing so, it may be determined whether the robot 10 exists within the set area 90 .
- the stop control unit 150 performs stop control for stopping the robot 10 when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected by the external force detection unit 154 depending on whether the robot 10 is within the set area 90 or not. to switch.
- the stop control unit 150 has a stop method determination unit 152 and a stop command unit 153 as a configuration for realizing such a function.
- the stop method determination unit 152 determines the types and/or set values of control parameters used for stop control when the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment, depending on whether the robot 10 is within the setting area 90. Switch between the case and the case where the robot 10 is outside the set area 90 .
- Control parameters used for stop control can include at least one of stop time, acceleration, jerk, motor current, shaft torque, and reversal distance. Of these control parameters, acceleration, jerk, motor current (current applied to the motor of each axis), and shaft torque are all parameters related to force for decelerating the robot (each axis).
- the stop command unit 153 issues a command to the robot 10 to stop the robot 10 according to the control parameters set by the stop method determination unit 152. send.
- the stopping method determining unit 152 sets the stopping time T1 applied when the robot 10 is within the set area 90 to be shorter than the stopping time T2 applied when the robot 10 is outside the set area 90. set. That is, the stop method determination unit 152 sets the stop time so that T1 ⁇ T2. In this case, the stop command unit 153 obtains the acceleration (deceleration) for stopping the robot 10 from the current speed for the stop time T1 (or T2), and executes deceleration control.
- the robot 10 will move when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected.
- the robot 10 will move when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected.
- the robot 10 will move when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected.
- the robot 10 is outside the set area 90 when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected, and when the robot 10 is within the set area 90 when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected. It is possible to stop the robot 10 in a longer stop time, and to avoid applying an excessive load to the robot 10, a work, etc. when stopping the robot 10 outside the set area 90. ⁇
- an operation of reversing the robot 10 by a predetermined distance after stopping at the stop time T1 may be added. This makes it possible to more reliably avoid a situation in which a person is caught between the robot 10 and another object.
- the stop control when contact between the robot and the external environment is detected and the robot is stopped, the stop control is switched dynamically according to the situation, and more appropriate stop control is performed. can be realized.
- FIG. 3 shows an equipment configuration of a robot system 100B including a robot control device 50B according to a second embodiment, and functional blocks of the robot control device 50B.
- the robot system 100B includes a robot 10 mounted on a carriage 81 and a robot controller 50B that controls the robot 10.
- symbol is attached
- a specific area is set in the work space where the robot system 100B is installed.
- the set area 91 is a two-dimensional area set on the floor in the work space, and is an area close to objects such as pillars, peripheral devices, and structures. That is, the set area 91 is an area with a risk of the robot 10 (carriage 81) interfering with an object or a person being caught between the robot 10 and another object.
- the setting area 91 may be preset in the robot control device 50B, or set by the user via a setting screen (user interface) of a teaching device (not shown) connected to the robot control device 50B. It may be possible.
- the robot control device 50B determines whether the robot 10 mounted on the cart 81 is in a set area 91 set in the work space. is configured to dynamically switch stop control when is detected.
- the functional blocks of the robot control device 50B shown in FIG. 3 focus on such a stop control function in the robot control device 50B.
- the robot controller 50B has a robot position calculator 251 , a stop controller 250 and an external force detector 154 .
- the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment based on the detection value of the force sensor 71 .
- the robot position calculator 251 detects the position of the truck 81 (for example, the center position of the truck 81) based on the signal from the position detection sensor 22 arranged on the truck 81, and converts the detected position of the truck 81 to the position of the robot 10.
- the position detection sensor 22 arranged on the truck 81 is, for example, a sensor that outputs a vehicle speed pulse of the truck 81, an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, or the like for detecting the position.
- the robot position calculator 251 registers the position of the robot 10 (carriage 81) on the work space map data, and uses the signal from the position detection sensor 22 to calculate the position of the robot 10 (carriage 81) on the map data. You may make it always monitor.
- the robot position calculation unit 251 further calculates whether or not the position of the robot 10 is within the set area 91, and sends a signal indicating whether or not the position of the robot 10 is within the set area 91 to the stop control unit 250. send. That is, the robot position calculator 251 sends a signal indicating the state of the robot 10 to the stop controller 250 .
- the robot position calculation unit 251 may determine whether the robot 10 exists within the set area 91 by comparing the position of the robot 10 and position information indicating the set area 91 .
- the robot position calculation unit 251 may virtually place a model of the robot 10 (including the model of the carriage 81) at the position of the robot 10, and calculate whether or not the model exists within the setting area 91. It may be determined whether or not the robot 10 exists within the set area 91 by
- the stop control unit 250 performs stop control for stopping the robot 10 when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected by the external force detection unit 154 depending on whether the robot 10 is within the set area 91 or not. to switch.
- the stop control unit 250 has a stop method determination unit 252 and a stop command unit 153 as a configuration for realizing such a function.
- the stop method determination unit 252 determines the types and/or set values of control parameters used for stop control when the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment, depending on whether the robot 10 is within the setting area 91. The case and the case where the robot 10 is outside the setting area 91 are switched.
- Control parameters used for stop control can include at least one of stop time, acceleration, jerk, motor current, shaft torque, and reversal distance.
- the stop command unit 153 issues a command to the robot 10 to stop the robot 10 according to the control parameters set by the stop method determination unit 252. send.
- the stop method determination unit 252 changes the stop time T21 applied when the robot 10 (carriage 81) is within the set area 91 to the stop time T21 applied when the robot 10 (carriage 81) is outside the set area 91. It is set to be shorter than the time T22. That is, the stop method determination unit 252 sets the stop time so that T21 ⁇ T22. In this case, the stop command unit 153 obtains the acceleration (deceleration) for stopping the robot 10 from the current speed for the stop time T21 (or T22), and executes deceleration control.
- the robot 10 will move when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected.
- the robot 10 will move when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected.
- the robot 10 is outside the set area 91 when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected, and the robot 10 is inside the set area 91 when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected. It is possible to stop the robot 10 in a longer stop time, and to avoid applying an excessive load to the robot 10, a work, etc. when stopping the robot 10 outside the set area 91.
- an operation of reversing the robot 10 may be added after stopping at the stop time T21. This makes it possible to more reliably avoid a situation in which a person is caught between the robot 10 and another object.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of a robot system 100C including a robot control device 50C according to a third embodiment, and functional blocks of the robot control device 50C.
- the robot system 100C includes a robot 10 and a robot controller 50C that controls the robot 10.
- the robot 10 is fixed to the installation floor.
- the robot control device 50C dynamically switches stop control when contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected according to the speed of the robot 10 (predetermined movable part). Configured.
- the functional block of the robot control device 50C shown in FIG. 4 is expressed by focusing on such a stop control function in the robot control device 50C.
- the robot controller 50 ⁇ /b>C has a speed calculator 351 , a stop controller 350 and an external force detector 154 .
- the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment based on the detection value of the force sensor 71 .
- the speed calculation unit 351 calculates the speed of the robot 10 (the speed of a predetermined movable part of the robot 10) based on the position information from the position detection sensors 21 arranged on each joint axis of the robot 10. In this embodiment, the speed calculation unit 351 calculates the speed of the tool (hand 30) attached to the tip of the arm of the robot 10. FIG.
- the speed calculator 351 determines whether the speed of the tool is greater than or equal to a predetermined speed value, and sends a signal indicating whether the speed of the tool is greater than or equal to the predetermined speed to the stop controller 350 . That is, the speed calculator 351 sends a signal indicating the state of the robot 10 to the stop controller 350 .
- the stop control unit 350 performs stop control for stopping the robot 10 when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected by the external force detection unit 154 based on whether the speed of the tool is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed value. switch accordingly.
- the stop control unit 350 has a stop method determination unit 352 and a stop command unit 153 as a configuration for realizing such a function.
- the stopping method determination unit 352 determines the types and/or setting values of the control parameters used for stop control when the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment so that the speed of the tool is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed value. and when the tool speed is less than a predetermined speed value.
- Control parameters used for stop control can include at least one of stop time, acceleration, jerk, motor current, shaft torque, and reversal distance.
- the stop command unit 153 issues a command to the robot 10 to stop the robot 10 according to the control parameters set by the stop method determination unit 352. send.
- the stopping method determination unit 352 sets the stopping time T31 applied when the speed of the tool is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed value to be longer than the stopping time T32 applied when the speed of the tool is less than the predetermined speed value. set to be longer. That is, the stop method determination unit 352 sets the stop time so that T31>T32.
- the stop command unit 153 obtains the acceleration (deceleration) for stopping the robot 10 from the current speed for the stop time T31 (or T32), and executes deceleration control.
- the above-described predetermined speed value is determined by taking into account circumstances such as how much the load applied to the workpiece gripped by the hand 30 should be suppressed. For example, if there is a situation in which the load on the workpiece should be further suppressed, the predetermined speed value may be set to a lower value.
- the robot 10 when the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected and the speed of the tool is equal to or higher than the predetermined speed, the robot 10 can be slowly stopped, and the robot 10 or the robot 10 can be stopped at the time of stopping. It is possible to avoid applying an excessive load to the workpiece gripped by 10 .
- FIG. 5 shows an equipment configuration of a robot system 100D including a robot control device 50D according to a fourth embodiment, and functional blocks of the robot control device 50D.
- the robot system 100C includes a robot 10 and a robot controller 50C that controls the robot 10.
- the robot 10 is fixed to the installation floor.
- the contact detection sensor 401 is attached to a specific portion of the robot 10 so that the contact detection sensor 401 can be detected by a person or an object.
- the robot control device 50 ⁇ /b>D dynamically switches stop control when contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected according to the detection signal from the contact detection sensor 401 .
- the functional block of the robot control device 50D shown in FIG. 5 is expressed by focusing on such a stop control function in the robot control device 50D.
- the robot control device 50 ⁇ /b>D includes a signal input section 451 , a stop control section 450 and an external force detection section 154 .
- a signal from the contact detection sensor 401 is input to the signal input unit 451 .
- the signal from the contact detection sensor 401 is, for example, a signal that turns on when contact is detected.
- the contact detection sensor 401 is attached to, for example, a portion of the robot 10 that is not particularly desirable to be touched by a person. That is, in the present embodiment, a signal indicating the surrounding environment of the robot 10 is input to the stop control section 450 via the signal input section 451 .
- the contact detection sensor 401 is attached near the tool (arm tip).
- the contact detection sensor 401 may be a mechanical switch that turns on when pressed, a touch sensor, a sensor that detects pressing (pressure) by an object, or the like.
- a plurality of contact detection sensors 401 may be arranged in order to detect contact more reliably.
- the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment based on the detection value of the force sensor 71 .
- the stop control unit 450 performs stop control for stopping the robot 10 when the external force detection unit 154 detects the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment. switch depending on whether or not The stop control unit 450 has a stop method determination unit 452 and a stop command unit 153 as a configuration for realizing such a function.
- the stop method determination unit 452 sends the contact detection sensor 401 the types and/or setting values of control parameters used for stop control when contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected by the external force detection unit 154 .
- object is in contact with the contact detection sensor 401 and the contact detection sensor 401 is not touched by a person (or another object).
- Control parameters used for stop control can include at least one of stop time, acceleration, jerk, motor current, shaft torque, and reversal distance.
- the stop command unit 153 issues a command to the robot 10 to stop the robot 10 according to the control parameters set by the stop method determination unit 452. send.
- the stop method determination unit 452 determines the stop time T41 to be applied when contact is detected by the contact detection sensor 401 (when the signal input to the signal input unit 451 is ON). It is set to be shorter than the stop time T42 applied when contact is not detected (when the signal input to the signal input unit 451 is off). That is, the stop method determination unit 452 sets the stop time so that T41 ⁇ T42. In this case, the stop command unit 153 obtains the acceleration (deceleration) for stopping the robot 10 from the current speed at the stop time T41 (or T42), and executes deceleration control.
- the robot 10 can be stopped in a short time. By doing so, it is possible to realize stop control that further enhances safety for humans.
- contact detection sensors are attached to a plurality of different positions on the robot 10, and signals from these contact detection sensors are input to the stop control section 450 (stop method determination section 452).
- stop control section 450 stop method determination section 452
- a first contact detection sensor is attached to the arm tip (flange) of the robot 10 and a second contact detection sensor is attached to another part of the arm.
- the tip of the arm is the part that the user least wants to touch, and the other part of the arm is the next part that the user does not want to touch.
- the stop method determination unit 452 determines the stop time T141 when the contact is detected by the first contact detection sensor, the stop time T142 when the contact is detected by the second contact detection sensor, Assuming that the stop time is T143 when neither the first contact detection sensor nor the second contact detection sensor detects contact, the stop time may be set so that T141 ⁇ T142 ⁇ T143. With this configuration, the stop time can be set in stages according to the degree of risk to the user.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system 100E including a robot control device 50E and functional blocks of the robot control device 50E according to a fifth embodiment.
- the robot system 100E includes a robot 10 and a robot controller 50E that controls the robot 10.
- the robot 10 is fixed to the installation floor.
- a human detection sensor 501 is placed at a predetermined position in the work space (for example, the base 11 of the robot 10) to detect whether or not the person OP is approaching the robot 10.
- the robot control device 50E is configured to dynamically switch stop control when contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected, depending on whether or not the person OP is approaching the robot 10. be done.
- the functional block of the robot control device 50E shown in FIG. 6 is expressed by focusing on such a stop control function in the robot control device 50E.
- the robot control device 50E has a signal input section 551, a stop control section 550, and an external force detection section 154.
- a signal from the human detection sensor 501 that can detect the approach of the person OP is input to the signal input unit 551 .
- the signal from the human detection sensor 501 is, for example, a signal that turns on when the approach of the human OP to the robot 10 is detected. That is, in this embodiment, a signal indicating the state of the surrounding environment of the robot 10 is input to the stop control section 550 via the signal input section 551 .
- the human detection sensor 501 may output an ON signal when the human OP comes within a predetermined distance from the robot 10 .
- the human detection sensor 501 is a laser ranging sensor or a laser scanner that measures the distance to an approaching object by emitting or scanning laser light.
- a laser ranging sensor or laser scanner may be arranged at the base 11 of the robot 10, or may be installed at a predetermined position within the working space.
- a sheet-like sensor that outputs a signal when stepped on by a person may be employed.
- a sensor consisting of a camera installed in the work space acquiring an image around the robot 10, and detecting the approach of a person to the robot 10 by image processing may be adopted.
- the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment based on the detection value of the force sensor 71 .
- the stop control unit 550 performs stop control for stopping the robot 10 when the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment, and the human detection sensor 501 detects the approach of a person to the robot 10 . switch depending on whether or not
- the stop control unit 550 has a stop method determination unit 552 and a stop command unit 153 as a configuration for realizing such a function.
- the stop method determination unit 552 determines the types and/or setting values of the control parameters used for stop control when the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment. is detected, and the human detection sensor 501 does not detect the approach of a person to the robot 10.
- Control parameters used for stop control can include at least one of stop time, acceleration, jerk, motor current, shaft torque, and reversal distance.
- the stop command unit 153 issues a command to the robot 10 to stop the robot 10 according to the control parameters set by the stop method determination unit 552. send.
- the stop method determination unit 552 sets the stop time T51 to be applied when the human sensor 501 detects the approach of the human OP to the robot 10, and the human sensor 501 detects the approach of the human OP to the robot 10. It is set to be shorter than the stop time T52 applied when it is not stopped. That is, the stop method determination unit 552 sets the stop time so that T51 ⁇ T52. In this case, the stop command unit 153 obtains the acceleration (deceleration) for stopping the robot 10 from the current speed at the stop time T51 (or T52), and executes deceleration control.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of a robot system 100F including a robot control device 50F and functional blocks of the robot control device 50F according to a sixth embodiment.
- the robot system 100F includes a robot 10 and a robot controller 50F that controls the robot 10.
- the robot 10 is fixed to the installation floor.
- the robot control device 50F based on a signal indicating the operation state (open/closed state) of the hand 30 as an end effector mounted on the robot 10, detects the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment. Configured to dynamically switch stop control.
- the functional block of the robot control device 50F shown in FIG. 7 is expressed by focusing on such a stop control function in the robot control device 50F.
- the robot control device 50 ⁇ /b>F has a signal input section 651 , a stop control section 650 and an external force detection section 154 .
- a signal indicating the operating state from the hand 30 is input to the signal input unit 651 .
- the signal from the hand 30 is a signal that turns on when the hand is operating and closed (when the hand 30 is gripping the workpiece W). That is, in the present embodiment, a signal indicating the state of the robot 10 is input to the stop control section 650 via the signal input section 651 .
- the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment based on the detection value of the force sensor 71 .
- the stop control unit 650 performs stop control for stopping the robot 10 when the external force detection unit 154 detects the contact between the robot 10 and the external environment. is gripped).
- the stop control unit 650 has a stop method determination unit 652 and a stop command unit 153 as a configuration for realizing such a function.
- the stop method determination unit 652 determines the types and/or setting values of the control parameters used for stop control when the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment.
- Control parameters used for stop control can include at least one of stop time, acceleration, jerk, motor current, shaft torque, and reversal distance.
- the stop command unit 153 issues a command to the robot 10 to stop the robot 10 according to the control parameters set by the stop method determination unit 652. send.
- the stopping method determination unit 652 determines the acceleration (deceleration) applied to stop control when the hand 30 is gripping the workpiece W (when the signal input to the signal input unit 651 is ON).
- the acceleration (deceleration) is set to a value smaller than the acceleration (deceleration) applied to the stop control.
- an excessive load is applied to the work W and the robot 10 as stop control when contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected. It is desirable to be able to avoid situations from occurring. Therefore, in the present embodiment, acceleration is used as a control parameter applied to the stop control, and control is realized so that the robot 10 can be gently stopped when the hand 30 is gripping the workpiece W.
- the stop method determination unit 652 determines the stop time T61 to be applied to stop control when the hand 30 is gripping the work W, and the stop time T61 to be applied to stop control when the hand 30 is not gripping the work W. It may be set to be longer than T62. Also in this case, when the hand 30 is gripping the workpiece W, the robot 10 can be gently stopped.
- the fourth and fifth embodiments dynamically switch stop control to be executed when contact between the robot 10 and the external environment is detected according to a signal indicating the state of the surrounding environment of the robot 10. It can be positioned as a composition.
- An embodiment may be possible in which the functions described in the first to sixth embodiments are integrated. A robot control device having a function that integrates the functions of the robot control devices according to the first to sixth embodiments will be described below.
- FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of a robot system 100G including a robot control device 50G according to the seventh embodiment.
- the equipment configuration of the robot system 100G is, for example, equivalent to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, and various sensors (for example, the human detection sensor 501) are arranged as illustrated in the corresponding embodiment. shall be
- the robot system 100G includes a robot 10 and a robot control device 50G that controls the robot 10.
- a teaching device 40 may be connected to the robot control device 50G.
- the robot control device 50G is configured to have a plurality of input/output interfaces 53 (FIG. 2) capable of inputting signals from various sensors. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the robot controller 50G receives the signal from the position detection sensor 21 of the robot 10 and the signal from the position detection sensor 21 of the robot 10 in accordance with the actual device configuration of the robot system 100G.
- a signal from the position detection sensor 22 arranged on the cart 81, a signal from the contact detection sensor 401 attached to the robot 10, a signal from the human detection sensor 501, and a signal from the hand 30 mounted on the robot 10 are input. It can be configured to
- the teaching device 40 is used to teach the robot 10 or to make various settings related to teaching.
- the teaching device 40 has a configuration as a general computer in which memory (ROM, RAM, non-volatile memory, etc.), a display unit, an operation unit, an input/output interface, etc. are connected to the processor via a bus. You may have
- the robot control device 50G includes signal input units 451, 551 and 651, a robot position calculation unit 151, a robot position calculation unit 251, a speed calculation unit 351, a stop control unit 750, and an external force detection unit 154.
- Stop control unit 750 includes stop method determination unit 752 and stop command unit 153 .
- a signal from the position detection sensor 21 is input to the robot position calculation unit 151 and the speed calculation unit 351 .
- a signal from the position detection sensor 22 is input to the robot position calculator 251 .
- a signal from the contact detection sensor 401 is input to the stop method determination section 752 via the signal input section 451 .
- a signal from the human detection sensor 501 is input to the stop method determination section 752 via the signal input section 551 .
- a signal from the hand 30 is input to the stopping method determination section 752 via the signal input section 651 .
- the stopping method determination unit 752 (1) A signal indicating that the robot 10 is within the set area 90, which is input from the robot position calculation unit 151; (2) a signal indicating that the robot 10 is within the set area 91, which is input from the robot position calculation unit 251; (3) a signal indicating that the speed of a predetermined movable part of the robot 10 input from the speed calculation unit 351 is equal to or higher than the predetermined speed; (4) a signal input from the signal input unit 451, indicating that a human contact has been detected by the contact detection sensor 401; (5) a signal input from the signal input unit 551, indicating that the human sensor 501 has detected the approach of a person; (6) a signal input from the signal input unit 651 indicating that the hand 30 is closed and gripping the workpiece W; Stop control can be switched based on any of
- the stop method determination unit 752 executes switching of stop control according to the operation details described in the first embodiment.
- the stop method determination unit 752 executes switching of stop control according to the operation details described in the second embodiment.
- the stop method determination unit 752 executes switching of stop control according to the operation details described in the third embodiment.
- the stop method determination unit 752 executes switching of stop control according to the operation details described in the fourth embodiment.
- the stop method determination unit 752 executes switching of stop control according to the operation details described in the fifth embodiment.
- the stop method determination unit 752 executes switching of stop control according to the operation details described in the sixth embodiment.
- the user determines the stopping method through a setting screen displayed on the display unit (touch panel, etc.) of the teaching device 40, for example. It may be configured so that it can be set for the unit 752 . In this case, the user can select any one of the operations (1) to (6) to operate the robot controller 50G according to the actual operating environment of the robot system 100G.
- the stop command unit 153 generates a command to stop the robot 10 when the external force detection unit 154 detects contact between the robot 10 and the external environment according to the control parameters set by the stop method determination unit 752. Send to robot 10.
- the user operates with any function of the robot control devices 50, 50B, 50C, 50D, 50E, and 50F according to the first to sixth embodiments.
- the robot controller 50G can be set to do so.
- Each of the robot control devices is a "robot control device for controlling a robot, in which an external force detection unit detects an external force acting on the robot, and an external force exceeding a predetermined value is detected by the external force detection unit. and a stop control unit that switches stop control for stopping the robot when detected, in accordance with a signal indicating the state of the robot or the state of the environment surrounding the robot. can be done.
- the stop control when contact between the robot and the external environment is detected and the robot is stopped, the stop control is dynamically switched according to the situation, thereby performing more appropriate stop control. Realization is possible.
- Signals indicating the state of the robot may include various signals indicating the state of the robot and tools mounted on the robot, in addition to the signals exemplified in the above-described embodiments. Further, the signal indicating the surrounding environment of the robot may include various signals indicating the state of the environment surrounding the robot in addition to the signals exemplified in the above-described embodiments.
- the functional blocks in the functional block diagrams of the robot control device shown in each of the above-described embodiments may be implemented by the processor of the robot control device executing various software stored in a storage device, or may be realized by an ASIC ( Application Specific Integrated Circuit) may be realized by a configuration mainly composed of hardware.
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
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Abstract
Description
図1は第1実施形態に係るロボットシステム100の機器構成及びロボット制御装置50の機能ブロックを示す図である。ロボットシステム100は、人とロボットが作業空間を共有する協働ロボットシステムとして構成されている。図1に示すように、ロボットシステム100は、ロボット10と、ロボット10を制御するロボット制御装置50とを備える。ロボット10は、例えば図示されるような垂直多関節ロボットであるが、他の種類のロボットが用いられても良い。ロボットシステム100の作業空間内には、ワークを載置するためのテーブル80が配置されている。ロボット10は、人と協働してテーブル80に配置されたワークに対して所定の作業を実行する。
図3は、第2実施形態に係るロボット制御装置50Bを含むロボットシステム100Bの機器構成、及び、ロボット制御装置50Bの機能ブロックを示している。図3に示すように、ロボットシステム100Bは、台車81に搭載されたロボット10と、ロボット10を制御するロボット制御装置50Bとを含む。なお、図2において、第1実施形態に係る機能要素と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付している。
図4は、第3実施形態に係るロボット制御装置50Cを含むロボットシステム100Cの機器構成、及び、ロボット制御装置50Cの機能ブロックを示している。図4に示すように、ロボットシステム100Cは、ロボット10と、ロボット10を制御するロボット制御装置50Cとを含む。ロボット10は、設置フロアに固定されている。
図5は、第4実施形態に係るロボット制御装置50Dを含むロボットシステム100Dの機器構成、及び、ロボット制御装置50Dの機能ブロックを示している。図4に示すように、ロボットシステム100Cは、ロボット10と、ロボット10を制御するロボット制御装置50Cとを含む。ロボット10は、設置フロアに固定されている。
図6は、第5実施形態に係るロボット制御装置50Eを含むロボットシステム100Eの機器構成、及び、ロボット制御装置50Eの機能ブロックを示す図である。図5に示すように、ロボットシステム100Eは、ロボット10と、ロボット10を制御するロボット制御装置50Eとを含む。ロボット10は、設置フロアに固定されている。
図7は、第6実施形態に係るロボット制御装置50Fを含むロボットシステム100Fの機器構成、及び、ロボット制御装置50Fの機能ブロックを示す図である。図7に示すように、ロボットシステム100Fは、ロボット10と、ロボット10を制御するロボット制御装置50Fとを含む。ロボット10は、設置フロアに固定されている。
以上述べた第1実施形態から第3実施形態、及び、第6実施形態は、ロボット10の状態を示す信号に応じて、ロボット10と外部環境との接触が検出された場合に行う停止制御を動的に切り替える構成と位置付けることができる。また、第4実施形態及び第5実施形態は、ロボット10の周囲環境の状態を示す信号に応じて、ロボット10と外部環境との接触が検出された場合に実行する停止制御を動的に切り替える構成と位置付けることができる。これら第1実施形態から第6実施形態で説明した機能を統合した内容の実施形態も有り得る。以下では、第1実施形態から第6実施形態に係るロボット制御装置の機能を統合した機能を有するロボット制御装置について説明する。
(1)ロボット位置計算部151から入力されるロボット10が設定領域90内にあることを示す信号、
(2)ロボット位置計算部251から入力されるロボット10が設定領域91内にあることを示す信号、
(3)速度計算部351から入力されるロボット10の所定の可動部位の速度が所定速度以上であることを示す信号、
(4)信号入力部451から入力される、接触検出センサ401により人の接触が検出されたことを示す信号、
(5)信号入力部551から入力される、人感知センサ501が人の接近を検出したことを示す信号、
(6)信号入力部651から入力される、ハンド30が閉じてワークWを把持していることを示す信号、
のいずれかに基づいて停止制御を切り替えることができる。
11 基部
21、22 位置検出センサ
30 ハンド
40 教示装置
50、50B、50C、50D、50E、50F、50G ロボット制御装置
51 プロセッサ
52 メモリ
53 入出力インタフェース
54 操作部
71 力センサ
80 テーブル
81 台車
90、91 設定領域
100、100B、100C、100D、100E、100F、100G ロボットシステム
150 停止制御部
151 ロボット位置計算部
152 停止方法決定部
153 停止指令部
154 外力検出部
250 停止制御部
251 ロボット位置計算部
252 停止方法決定部
350 停止制御部
351 速度計算部
352 停止方法決定部
401 接触検出センサ
450 停止制御部
451 信号入力部
452 停止方法決定部
501 人感知センサ
550 停止制御部
551 信号入力部
552 停止方法決定部
650 停止制御部
651 信号入力部
652 停止方法決定部
750 停止制御部
752 停止方法決定部
Claims (15)
- ロボットを制御するロボット制御装置であって、
前記ロボットに作用する外力を検出する外力検出部と、
前記外力検出部により所定値以上の外力が検出された場合に前記ロボットを停止させるための停止制御を、前記ロボットの状態又は該ロボットの周囲環境の状態を示す信号に応じて切り替える停止制御部と、
を備えるロボット制御装置。 - 前記ロボットに設けられた位置検出センサからの出力に基づいて前記ロボットの位置を計算し、計算された前記ロボットの位置が、予め設定された第1設定領域内であるか否かを示す第1信号を、前記ロボットの状態を示す信号として出力するロボット位置計算部を更に備え、
前記停止制御部は、前記第1信号に応じて前記停止制御を切り替える、請求項1に記載のロボット制御装置。 - 前記停止制御部は、前記所定値以上の外力が検出されて前記ロボットを停止させる場合において、前記ロボットの位置が前記第1設定領域内であるときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間を、前記ロボットの位置が前記第1設定領域外であるときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間よりも短くなるように設定する、請求項2に記載のロボット制御装置。
- 前記ロボットは移動可能な台車に搭載され、
前記台車の位置を検出するための位置検出センサからの出力に基づいて前記台車と共に移動可能な前記ロボットの位置を計算し、計算された前記ロボットの位置が予め設定された第2設定領域内であるか否かを示す第2信号を、前記ロボットの状態を示す信号として出力するロボット位置計算部を更に備え、
前記停止制御部は、前記第2信号に応じて前記停止制御を切り替える、請求項1に記載のロボット制御装置。 - 前記停止制御部は、前記所定値以上の外力が検出されて前記ロボットを停止させる場合において、前記ロボットの位置が前記第2設定領域内であるときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間を、前記ロボットの位置が前記第2設定領域外であるときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間よりも短くなるように設定する、請求項4に記載のロボット制御装置。
- 前記停止制御部は、前記ロボットを、前記停止制御により停止させた後、所定の反転距離だけ反転させる、請求項2から5のいずれか一項に記載のロボット制御装置。
- 前記ロボットに設けられたセンサからの出力に基づいて前記ロボットの所定の可動部位の速度を計算し、計算された前記所定の可動部位の速度が所定の速度値以上であるか否かを示す第3信号を、前記ロボットの状態を示す信号として出力する速度計算部を更に備え、
前記停止制御部は、前記第3信号に応じて前記停止制御を切り替える、請求項1に記載のロボット制御装置。 - 前記停止制御部は、前記所定値以上の外力が検出されて前記ロボットを停止させる場合において、前記ロボットの速度が前記所定の速度値以上であるときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間を、前記ロボットの速度が前記所定の速度値未満であるときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間よりも長くなるように設定する、請求項7に記載のロボット制御装置。
- 前記ロボットの特定部位に取り付けられた接触検出センサからの第4信号が入力される第1の信号入力部を更に備え、
前記停止制御部には、前記第1の信号入力部を介して前記第4信号が入力され、
前記停止制御部は、前記第4信号として示される前記ロボットの周囲環境の状態に応じて前記停止制御を切り替える、請求項1に記載のロボット制御装置。 - 前記停止制御部は、前記所定値以上の外力が検出されて前記ロボットを停止させる場合において、前記接触検出センサにより前記特定部位への接触が検出されているときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間を、前記接触検出センサにより前記特定部位への接触が検出されていないときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間よりも短くなるように設定する、請求項9に記載のロボット制御装置。
- 前記ロボットが存在する作業空間に配置された人感知センサからの第5信号が入力される第2の信号入力部を更に備え、
前記停止制御部には、前記第2の信号入力部を介して前記第5信号が入力され、
前記停止制御部は、前記第5信号として示される前記ロボットの周囲環境の状態に応じて前記停止制御を切り替える、請求項1に記載のロボット制御装置。 - 前記停止制御部は、前記所定値以上の外力が検出されて前記ロボットを停止させる場合において、前記人感知センサにより前記ロボットに対する人の接近が検知されているときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間を、前記人感知センサにより前記ロボットに対する人の接近が検知されていないときに前記ロボットを停止させるための停止時間よりも短くなるように設定する、請求項11に記載のロボット制御装置。
- 前記ロボットに搭載したハンドの作動状態を示す第6信号が入力される第3の信号入力部を更に備え、
前記停止制御部には、前記第3の信号入力部を介して前記第6信号が入力され、
前記停止制御部は、前記第6信号として示される前記ロボットの状態に応じて前記停止制御を切り替える、請求項1に記載のロボット制御装置。 - 前記停止制御部は、前記所定値以上の外力が検出されて前記ロボットを停止させる場合において、前記第6信号により前記ハンドが閉じていることが示されているときに前記ロボットを停止させるための減速度を、前記第6信号により前記ハンドが開いていることが示されているときに前記ロボットを停止させるための減速度よりも小さい値に設定する、請求項13に記載のロボット制御装置。
- 前記停止制御部は、停止時間、加速度、ジャーク、モータ電流、軸トルク、反転距離の少なくとも一つ以上を含む制御パラメータの種類及び/又は設定値を変更することにより前記停止制御を切り替える、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載のロボット制御装置。
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| US18/729,168 US20250114941A1 (en) | 2022-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | Robot control device |
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| PCT/JP2022/006768 WO2023157261A1 (ja) | 2022-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | ロボット制御装置 |
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| WO2020200387A1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-08 | Universal Robots A/S | Robot arm safety system with runtime adaptable safety limits |
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| JPH08129409A (ja) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-21 | Yaskawa Electric Corp | ロボットの制御装置 |
| US9230419B2 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2016-01-05 | Rite-Hite Holding Corporation | Methods and apparatus to detect and warn proximate entities of interest |
| JP2015526309A (ja) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-09-10 | リシンク ロボティクス インコーポレイテッド | 安全ロボット動作のためのシステムおよび方法 |
| JP6591818B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-30 | 2019-10-16 | ファナック株式会社 | 産業用ロボットシステムおよびその制御方法 |
| CN109843521A (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-06-04 | 生活机器人学股份有限公司 | 机械臂机构 |
| JP2019000930A (ja) * | 2017-06-13 | 2019-01-10 | 住友理工株式会社 | 安全装置 |
| JP2020189367A (ja) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-26 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | ロボットシステム |
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| JP2015208834A (ja) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-24 | ファナック株式会社 | ワークを把持して搬送するロボットの安全監視装置 |
| JP2016032858A (ja) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-03-10 | ファナック株式会社 | 移動式人協調型ロボット |
| JP2016064474A (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-28 | ファナック株式会社 | 人間協調ロボットシステム |
| JP2017077608A (ja) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-04-27 | ファナック株式会社 | ロボットの安全監視装置 |
| WO2017094240A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-08 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | ロボットシステムの監視装置 |
| JP2020032488A (ja) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | ファナック株式会社 | 人間協調ロボットシステム |
| WO2020200387A1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-08 | Universal Robots A/S | Robot arm safety system with runtime adaptable safety limits |
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| TW202333926A (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
| JP7846203B2 (ja) | 2026-04-14 |
| JPWO2023157261A1 (ja) | 2023-08-24 |
| CN118715097A (zh) | 2024-09-27 |
| US20250114941A1 (en) | 2025-04-10 |
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