WO2023145374A1 - チタン多孔質体及び、チタン多孔質体の製造方法 - Google Patents
チタン多孔質体及び、チタン多孔質体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023145374A1 WO2023145374A1 PCT/JP2022/048426 JP2022048426W WO2023145374A1 WO 2023145374 A1 WO2023145374 A1 WO 2023145374A1 JP 2022048426 W JP2022048426 W JP 2022048426W WO 2023145374 A1 WO2023145374 A1 WO 2023145374A1
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sheet-like porous titanium body and a method for producing the porous titanium body.
- a method for producing a porous titanium sintered body characterized by comprising a sintering step.
- Patent Document 2 ⁇ After making a paste of titanium hydride powder and titanium powder, the paste is coated on a polymer film, and then binder removal treatment, dehydrogenation and sintering treatment are performed to obtain a porous sheet. I got a body.” Regarding this "binder removal treatment", "the dried molded body was fired in a reduced pressure atmosphere. Details are as follows. Heating rate: 3°C/min (room temperature to 300°C) Atmosphere: argon gas Firing temperature : 300°C Firing time: 2 hours Vacuum sintering furnace: Shimadzu Mectim vacuum annealing furnace”.
- the titanium porous body has air permeability or liquid permeability and electrical conductivity due to its large number of pores, and also has high corrosion resistance due to the formation of a passive film on the surface. .
- titanium porous bodies are being studied for use as PTL (Porous Transport Layer) or the like in an environment where PEM water electrolysis equipment can be corroded.
- the porous titanium body may be required to have excellent compression resistance.
- the titanium porous body which is inferior in compression resistance, may not maintain the required thickness or shape against the compressive force that may act when it is incorporated in a device such as a PEM water electrolysis device.
- a sheet-like porous titanium body having a small thickness is required.
- a thin titanium porous body whose strength has been increased in order to improve compression resistance tends to break easily during handling such as transportation and attachment to an apparatus.
- the manufacturing method using a titanium powder paste, as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is advantageous in that a titanium porous body having relatively good air and liquid permeability can be obtained even if the thickness is small. be.
- the titanium porous bodies produced by the methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have room for improvement from the viewpoint of improving compression resistance and suppressing breakage during handling.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a relatively thin sheet-like titanium porous body that is excellent in compression resistance and that can suppress breakage during handling, and a method for producing the titanium porous body.
- the inventors determined that the paste should not contain water and a foaming agent, and that preheating to volatilize organic substances such as organic binders should be performed under predetermined temperature and time conditions in an atmosphere containing oxygen. As a result, the inventors have found that a titanium porous body having excellent compression resistance and being resistant to breakage during handling can be obtained.
- the titanium powder is properly dispersed in the paste, so that large local voids caused by water and a foaming agent are not formed.
- the porous titanium body has increased resistance to compression and is less likely to crack during handling.
- the paste is dried to obtain a sheet-like compact and then preheated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, a relatively thick surface oxide layer is formed on the titanium powder particles during the subsequent sintering. Oxygen in the surface oxide layer penetrates into the inside of the particles, and solid solution strengthening is thought to further improve compression resistance.
- embrittlement of the manufactured titanium porous body is a concern when the amount of oxygen entering the inside of the particles becomes excessive. It was thought that the suppression of As a result, it is presumed that the titanium porous body is excellent in compression resistance and hard to break.
- the paste is prepared, it is dried to form a sheet-like molded body, and then preheated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere so that the appropriate arrangement of the titanium powder in the paste is maintained. It is believed that the surface of the titanium powder is oxidized. If the surface of the titanium powder is pre-oxidized before the paste is prepared, the surface oxidized layer of the titanium powder affects the dispersibility of the titanium powder in the paste when the paste is prepared. There is concern that it will be positioned unevenly in the department. However, the present invention is not limited to the above theory.
- the titanium porous body of the present invention is in the form of a sheet and has a titanium content of 97% by mass or more, an oxygen content of 0.9% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less, and a carbon content of 0.9% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less. 01% by mass or more and 0.06% by mass or less, a thickness of 0.3 mm or less, a porosity of 35% or more and 45% or less, and an irreversible deformation amount after pressurization at 65 MPa of 5.0 % or less, and the bending strain at break is 0.005 or more.
- the above titanium porous body may have a nitrogen content of 0.01% by mass or more and 0.10% by mass or less.
- the above titanium porous body may have a thickness of 0.04 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less.
- the irreversible deformation amount of the titanium porous body after pressurization at 65 MPa is 3.0% or less.
- the titanium porous body preferably has an oxygen content of 1.3% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less.
- the porous titanium body preferably has a bending strain at break of 0.007 or more.
- a method for producing a porous titanium body according to the present invention is a method for producing a sheet-like porous titanium body, wherein a paste containing titanium powder, an organic binder and an organic solvent, and containing no water or a foaming agent is prepared as a resin base.
- the titanium powder it is preferable to use pulverized powder having an average particle size D50 of 10 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the titanium powder preferably has a titanium content of 99% by mass or more and an oxygen content of 0.7% by mass or less.
- the compact is preferably heated to a temperature of 700° C. or higher and 850° C. or lower for a period of 1 hour or longer and 4 hours or shorter.
- the porous titanium body of the present invention is in the form of a relatively thin sheet, has excellent compression resistance, and is less likely to break during handling.
- the method for producing a titanium porous body according to the present invention is suitable for producing such a titanium porous body.
- a titanium porous body according to one embodiment of the present invention is in the form of a sheet having a thickness of 0.3 mm or less, a titanium content of 97% by mass or more, an oxygen content of 0.9% by mass or more, and 2.0% by mass or less, and a carbon content of 0.01% by mass or more and 0.06% by mass or less.
- This titanium porous body has a porosity of 35% or more and 45% or less, an irreversible deformation amount after pressurization at 65 MPa of 5.0% or less, and a breaking bending strain of 0.005 or more. be.
- Such a porous titanium body has excellent resistance to compression and, despite its relatively thin thickness, is less likely to break during handling. Since this titanium porous body has excellent compression resistance, it is less likely to be deformed by compression, and is less likely to break even if a bending stress occurs, so that it is easy to handle. Such a porous titanium body can easily maintain a desired thickness or shape when incorporated in a device such as a PEM water electrolysis device, and is less likely to break during assembly work of a device such as a PEM water electrolysis device.
- a paste containing titanium powder is dried on a resin base material to obtain a sheet-like molded body, and a drying step is performed to heat the molded body to volatilize the organic matter in the molded body.
- a heating step and then a sintering step of heating the compact and sintering the titanium powder in the compact are performed.
- a paste application step of applying a paste onto a resin substrate may be performed before the drying step.
- the paste contains titanium powder, an organic binder and an organic solvent, but does not contain water or a foaming agent. If the paste contains a foaming agent, the foaming of the foaming agent can cause local formation of large voids. Suppressed.
- water and organic solvents have different wettability with respect to titanium powder and resin substrates, and organic solvents tend to dry easily, but water tends to be difficult to dry. Therefore, if water is included in addition to the organic solvent, it is difficult to obtain a uniform paste. Furthermore, the difference in wettability causes variations in the titanium powder during drying, resulting in large localized voids in the compact after drying. easy to form. The use of water-free pastes suppresses the formation of such voids.
- the titanium porous body is made of titanium. If it is made of titanium, a titanium porous body having a certain relative density and high electrical conductivity can be obtained.
- the titanium content of the titanium porous body is 97% by mass or more, preferably 98% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the titanium content is not limited to this, but may be, for example, 99.8% by mass or less, or 99% by mass or less.
- a titanium porous body may contain Fe as an impurity, and the Fe content is, for example, 0.25% by mass or less.
- the titanium porous body may contain Ni, Cr, Al, Cu, Zn, and Sn as unavoidable impurities resulting from the manufacturing process, for example.
- the content of each of Ni, Cr, Al, Cu, Zn and Sn is preferably less than 0.10% by mass, and the total content thereof is preferably less than 0.30% by mass.
- the oxygen content of the titanium porous body is 0.9% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less. If the oxygen content is 0.9% by mass or more, the strength is high and the required compression resistance can be obtained.
- the oxygen content is preferably 1.3% by mass or more.
- the oxygen content is 2.0% by mass or less, the increase in brittleness of the titanium porous body is suppressed, and the titanium porous body is less likely to break during handling. That is, although other conditions such as porosity may also have an effect, if the oxygen content is controlled in this way, it becomes easier to achieve both compression resistance and breaking bending strain at a high level. From this point of view, the oxygen content is preferably 1.3% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less. The oxygen content can be measured by inert gas fusion-infrared absorption method.
- the titanium porous body of this embodiment is produced using a paste containing titanium powder as described later, carbon may remain in the organic matter contained in the paste, and the carbon content is relatively high. Become. Specifically, the carbon content of the porous titanium body is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.06% by mass or less, and typically 0.01% by mass or more and 0.04% by mass or less. Sometimes. The carbon content can be measured by a combustion infrared absorption method.
- the nitrogen content of the titanium porous body may vary depending on the production conditions, but is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 0.10% by mass or less, typically 0.05% by mass or more and 0.10% by mass. % or less.
- the nitrogen content of the titanium porous body may fall within the above range.
- the nitrogen content can be measured by the inert gas fusion-thermal conductivity method.
- the titanium porous body may have a purity corresponding to JIS H 4600 (2012) types 1 to 4, typically 1 to 2, except for the above oxygen content and nitrogen content. be.
- the sheet-like titanium porous body has a thickness of 0.3 mm or less, sometimes 0.04 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less, and sometimes 0.04 mm or more and 0.2 mm or less. Depending on the application, a thin film having such a thickness may be required.
- the "sheet-like" of the porous titanium body means a plate-like or foil-like shape having a smaller thickness than the dimensions in plan view, and the shape in plan view is not particularly limited.
- the thickness is measured at a total of 5 points, 4 points at the periphery and 1 point at the center of the titanium porous body, for example, Mitutoyo's digital thickness gauge (model number 547-321), etc., with a flat type probe with a ⁇ 10 mm measurement accuracy of 0. Measured using a digital thickness gauge of 0.001 to 0.01 mm, and taken as the average value of those measurements.
- Mitutoyo's digital thickness gauge model number 547-321
- the porous titanium body has a porosity of 35% or more and 45% or less. If the porosity is within this range, it is possible to exhibit high compression resistance while ensuring the required air permeability or liquid permeability according to the application, and to suppress cracking during handling. If the porosity is less than 35%, desired air permeability or liquid permeability may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the porosity exceeds 45%, there is a concern that compression resistance will be lowered and cracks will easily occur during handling.
- the skeleton of the three-dimensional network structure that partitions the pores of the titanium porous body tends to be sponge titanium.
- the skeleton of this titanium sponge-like three-dimensional network structure is similar in shape to titanium sponge produced by the Kroll method.
- the skeleton of the three-dimensional network structure that partitions the pores of the titanium porous body often becomes a non-woven fabric.
- the paste is used, and the paste is dried and then the titanium powder is sintered, if the foaming agent is included in the paste, the porous titanium body produced thereby is , voids are likely to be formed also in the skeleton due to the effect of the foaming agent.
- the amount of irreversible deformation which is the rate of change in thickness before and after the operation of compressing the titanium porous body for 3 minutes by applying a pressure of 65 MPa in the direction of its thickness for 3 minutes and then unloading, twice. becomes 5.0% or less.
- the irreversible deformation amount is preferably 3.0% or less. Although the smaller the irreversible deformation amount, the better, it may be 0.6% or more, for example.
- the irreversible deformation amount may be, for example, 0.6% or more and 5.0% or less, or may be, for example, 0.6% or more and 3.0% or less.
- the thickness T1 of the titanium porous body is measured in advance.
- the titanium porous body is sandwiched between flat surfaces such as two flat plates in the thickness direction, and the flat surfaces are displaced in a direction to approach each other, so that the titanium porous body is evenly distributed on the surface.
- a pressure of 65 MPa is applied in the thickness direction for 3 minutes. After the pressure is applied, the pressure is released.
- the thickness T2 of the titanium porous body taken out from between the flat surfaces is measured.
- various compression testing devices and other devices capable of applying pressure to the titanium porous body can be used.
- the thickness is measured at a total of 5 points (four corners), and the average values thereof are taken as the thicknesses T1 and T2.
- breaking bending strain The bending strain at break of the titanium porous body is 0.005 or more. If the bending strain at break is large, it can be said that the article is difficult to break and has excellent handling properties. Therefore, it is preferable that the breaking bending strain is large, for example, 0.007 or more. On the other hand, as shown in the items of examples below, there are titanium porous bodies that do not break even if the bending strain becomes large to some extent, so the upper limit of the breaking bending strain is not particularly limited. To give an example, the breaking bending strain may be, for example, 0.10 or less. The bending strain at break may be, for example, greater than or equal to 0.005 and less than or equal to 0.10, and may be, for example, greater than or equal to 0.007 and less than or equal to 0.10.
- the breaking bending strain of the titanium porous body is measured by a three-point bending test.
- the specimen has a length of 60 mm and a width of 15 mm, a distance between fulcrums of 22.5 mm, an indenter diameter and a fulcrum diameter of R5 mm, and a test speed of 2 mm/min.
- the bending strain at break is the bending strain when the specimen breaks.
- the measuring device for example, Minebea Techno Graph TG-1KN can be used.
- a titanium porous body as described above may be manufactured, for example, as described below.
- a paste containing titanium powder, an organic binder, and an organic solvent The paste shall be free of water and foaming agents. Since the paste does not contain water or a foaming agent, the titanium porous body does not have large local voids caused by the foaming of the foaming agent. be done. In addition, water differs from organic solvents in wettability with respect to titanium powder and resin substrates, and also differs from organic solvents in ease of drying. Therefore, if the paste contains not only the organic solvent but also water, a homogeneous paste cannot be obtained, and the titanium powder in the paste varies during drying, and large voids are likely to be formed in the molded body after drying. . For this reason, it may not be possible to produce the desired titanium porous body.
- titanium powder can be used as the titanium powder to be included in the paste. This is preferable in that the number of contact points between particles is increased and the resistance to compression is further enhanced.
- the hydrodehydrogenated titanium powder is obtained by hydrogenating sponge titanium or the like, pulverizing it, and then dehydrogenating it. Titanium powder, including the hydrodehydrogenated titanium powder described above, may contain hydrogen at 0.5 mass % or less. Moreover, the titanium powder may have a hydrogen content of 0.1% by mass or less.
- the average particle size D50 of the titanium powder is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the porous titanium body is thin, has a porosity within a desirable range, has improved compression resistance, and is less likely to crack during handling.
- the average particle size D50 means a particle size at which the volume-based cumulative distribution is 50% in the particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction scattering method.
- the titanium powder preferably has a titanium content of 99% by mass or more and an oxygen content of 0.7% by mass or less.
- the oxygen content may be 0.1% by mass or more.
- the oxygen content of the titanium powder may be 0.1% by mass or more and 0.7% by mass or less, and titanium powder with an oxygen content of 0.1% by mass or more and 0.6% by mass or less is used.
- titanium oxide powder with a high oxygen content is used as the titanium powder, the titanium powder may not be uniformly dispersed in the paste due to changes in dispersibility due to changes in surface properties.
- organic binder and organic solvent used in the paste various ones can be appropriately selected and used.
- organic binders include methyl cellulose-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, ethyl cellulose-based, acrylic, and polyvinyl butyral-based binders.
- organic solvent alcohol (ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, terpineol, butyl carbitol, etc.), toluene, cyclohexane, methyl ethyl ketone, etc. can be used.
- the organic binder may be polyvinyl butyral and the organic solvent may be isopropyl alcohol.
- the paste may further contain a plasticizer (glycerin, ethylene glycol, etc.) and a surfactant (alkylbenzenesulfonate, etc.).
- the mass ratio of the titanium powder and the organic substance containing the organic binder and the organic solvent can be set as appropriate.
- the titanium powder:organic substance is preferably in the range of 1:1 to 4:1. As a result, it becomes easier to control the porosity of the titanium porous body within an appropriate range.
- 100 g of titanium powder may contain 5-15 g of organic binder and 25-45 g of organic solvent.
- the paste can be prepared by mixing the titanium powder, organic binder, organic solvent, and the like as described above using, for example, a mixer with a stirrer, a rotary mixer, or a three-roll mill. At this time, it may be pulverized using a vibration mill, a bead mill or other pulverizing mixer.
- the resin base material is inexpensive to some extent, and is flexible and therefore easy to handle.
- Specific materials for the resin substrate include, for example, polyesters such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), and polyvinyls such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl alcohol. Inexpensive PET is preferred.
- the paste is dried on the resin substrate, for example, in a furnace or dryer.
- the organic solvent in the paste evaporates to obtain a sheet-like compact.
- Conditions such as temperature and time during drying can be set as appropriate. For example, drying can be done at a temperature of 80°C to 160°C and a time of 5 to 20 minutes. From the viewpoint of effectively removing the organic solvent from the paste, it is desirable to perform the drying while discharging gas from the furnace.
- the inside of the furnace When the inside of the furnace is evacuated, the inside of the furnace can be made into a reduced pressure atmosphere, or can be made to have the same pressure as the outside by supplying a gas such as air.
- the molded body obtained by drying the paste is separated from the resin base material and subjected to the next preheating process.
- the resin base material described above is used, the molded body can be easily peeled off from the resin base material.
- By separating the molded body from the resin base material at this stage it is possible to prevent contamination of carbon derived from the resin base material in the subsequent preheating step and sintering step, thereby preventing an unintended increase in the carbon content. can be done.
- the molded body is heated in a furnace to volatilize and remove organic substances such as organic binders in the molded body.
- the heating is performed at a temperature higher than 350° C. and lower than 450° C. for 3 hours or more and 12 hours or less in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
- the surfaces of the particles constituting the titanium powder in the compact are oxidized to form a surface oxide layer.
- oxygen in the surface oxide layer penetrates into the inside of the titanium powder particles and forms a solid solution, strengthening the titanium porous body of the sintered body. be done.
- the atmosphere of the preheating step is not particularly limited as long as it contains oxygen, but it is preferably an atmospheric atmosphere. This is because the air atmosphere can be easily created without using a special furnace. When an atmosphere containing not only oxygen but also nitrogen, such as an air atmosphere, is used, the nitrogen content of the porous titanium body can increase to some extent.
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere can be, for example, 10% by volume or more and 100% by volume or less.
- the heating temperature is set to more than 350°C and less than 450°C, and heating is performed at that temperature for 3 hours or more and 12 hours or less. It is believed that a relatively thick surface oxide layer is thereby formed on the properly placed titanium particles in the compact. Such a surface oxide layer can contribute to improving the compression resistance of the titanium porous body.
- the heating temperature may be, for example, 360° C. or higher and 430° C. or lower, or for example, 360° C. or higher and 410° C. or lower.
- the heating time may be, for example, 3 hours or more and 10 hours or less, or may be, for example, 4 hours or more and 10 hours or less, or even 5 hours or more and 10 hours or less.
- the heating temperature is too low or the heating time is too short, the surface oxide layer may not be sufficiently formed, and the compression resistance of the titanium porous body may not be improved so much.
- the heating temperature is too high or the heating time is too long, the amount of oxygen will be excessive, and the brittleness of the titanium porous body to be produced may increase.
- the sintering process is performed on the molded body that has undergone the preheating process, and the titanium powder in the molded body is sintered.
- the oxygen in the surface oxide layer formed on the particles of the titanium powder in the preheating step causes solid solution strengthening of the particles.
- the compression resistance of the titanium porous body obtained after the sintering step is greatly improved.
- Conditions for the sintering step are not particularly limited as long as the titanium powder in the compact is sintered.
- the sintering step may heat the compact to a temperature of 700° C. or more and 850° C. or less for a period of 1 hour or more and 4 hours or less. Since the titanium porous body of this embodiment has a relatively small thickness, the titanium powder can be properly sintered by heating at a relatively low temperature for a short period of time.
- the atmosphere during sintering can be, for example, a vacuum of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa or less, or an inert atmosphere of Ar gas or He gas.
- this titanium porous body is in the form of a relatively thin sheet, has excellent compression resistance, and can suppress cracking during handling.
- porous titanium body of the present invention was produced as a trial and its performance was evaluated, which will be described below.
- the description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.
- the titanium powder As the titanium powder, HDH powder having a titanium content of 99% by mass or more, a hydrogen content of 0.05% by mass or less, an oxygen content of about 0.4% by mass, and an average particle size D50 of 13.5 ⁇ m is used. was used to make a paste.
- the paste was mixed with polyvinyl butyral as an organic binder and isopropyl alcohol as an organic solvent. The paste contained each component in a ratio of 9 g of organic binder and 36 g of organic solvent to 100 g of titanium powder. As described above, the paste was free of water and foaming agent.
- the above paste was applied onto a PET resin substrate, and the paste on the resin substrate was dried at 120°C for 10 minutes to obtain a sheet-like compact. Furthermore, an attempt was made to produce a compact using a paste containing 10% by mass of water with a reduced organic solvent content of 10% by mass, but the paste was not uniform and a good compact could not be produced. .
- the compact was preheated under the conditions shown in Table 1 in an air atmosphere. After that, the molded body was heated to 800° C. for 2 hours in a vacuum atmosphere of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa or less to sinter the titanium powder in the molded body to obtain a titanium porous body as a sintered body. .
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 the oxygen content in the porous titanium body was low due to the low temperature during preheating, and the amount of irreversible deformation was large. Also, the titanium porous bodies of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 had a large carbon content. From this, it is considered that binder removal by preheating was insufficient.
- Comparative Examples 3 and 4 the oxygen content in the titanium porous body was too high due to the preheating at a high temperature, and the bending strain at break was small.
- Comparative Example 5 the amount of irreversible deformation increased due to the fact that the oxygen content of the titanium porous body was low due to the short preheating time, and solid-solution strengthening by oxygen was insufficient. be done.
- Comparative Example 6 since the preheating was performed in an argon atmosphere, the oxygen content of the porous titanium body was reduced and the amount of irreversible deformation was increased. Moreover, the bending strain at break was small.
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Abstract
Description
但し、この発明は、上述したような理論に限定されるものではない。
上記のチタン多孔質体は、酸素含有量が1.3質量%以上かつ2.0質量%以下であることが好ましい。
上記のチタン多孔質体は、破断曲げひずみが0.007以上であることが好ましい。
前記チタン粉末は、チタン含有量が99質量%以上であり、酸素含有量が0.7質量%以下であることが好ましい。
焼結工程では、前記成形体を700℃以上かつ850℃以下の温度に1時間以上かつ4時間以下の時間にわたって加熱することが好ましい。
この発明の一の実施形態のチタン多孔質体は、厚みが0.3mm以下であるシート状のものであって、チタン含有量が97質量%以上、酸素含有量が0.9質量%以上かつ2.0質量%以下、炭素含有量が0.01質量%以上かつ0.06質量%以下である。このチタン多孔質体は、空隙率が35%以上かつ45%以下であり、また、65MPaでの加圧後の不可逆変形量が5.0%以下であり、破断曲げひずみが0.005以上である。かかるチタン多孔質体は、耐圧縮性に優れるとともに、比較的厚みが薄いにも関わらず、ハンドリング時に破損し難いものである。このチタン多孔質体は、耐圧縮性に優れるので圧縮変形しにくく、かつ、曲げ応力が発生しても破損しにくいのでハンドリングが容易になる。かかるチタン多孔質体は、たとえばPEM水電解装置等の装置内部に組み込まれた場合に所要の厚みないし形状が維持されやすく、また、PEM水電解装置等の装置の組立て作業時にも破損しにくい。
チタン多孔質体は、チタン製である。チタン製であれば、ある程度の相対密度で高い電気伝導性を有するチタン多孔質体が得られる。チタン多孔質体のチタン含有量は、97質量%以上であり、好ましくは98質量%以上である。チタン含有量の上限側は、これに限らないが、例えば99.8質量%以下、99質量%以下となることがある。
シート状のチタン多孔質体の厚みは、0.3mm以下であり、0.04mm以上かつ0.3mm以下である場合があり、0.04mm以上かつ0.2mm以下とすることがある。用途によっては、この程度の薄い厚みのものが求められることがある。なお、チタン多孔質体についての「シート状」とは、平面視の寸法に対して厚みが小さい板状もしくは箔状を意味し、平面視の形状については特に問わない。
チタン多孔質体の空隙率は、35%以上かつ45%以下である。空隙率がこの程度の範囲であれば、用途に応じた所要の通気性もしくは通液性を確保しつつ、高い耐圧縮性を発揮できるとともに、ハンドリング時の割れを抑制することができる。空隙率が35%未満である場合は、所望の通気性もしくは通液性が得られないおそれがある。一方、空隙率が45%を超えると、耐圧縮性が低下したり、ハンドリング時に割れが発生しやすくなったりすることが懸念される。
チタン多孔質体は、その厚み方向に65MPaの圧力を3分間作用させて圧縮した後に除荷する操作を2回実施した場合における、当該操作の前後での厚みの変化の割合である不可逆変形量が5.0%以下になる。
なお、不可逆変形量Dcを測定するには、予めチタン多孔質体の厚みT1を計測しておく。そのチタン多孔質体を二枚の平板等のそれぞれの平坦面間に厚み方向に挟み込み、それらの平坦面を互いに近づける向きに変位させることにより、当該チタン多孔質体に対してその表面上に均等に、厚み方向に65MPaの圧力を3分間作用させる。圧力を作用させた後は、その圧力を除荷する。このような圧力の作用及び除荷の操作を再度行い、当該操作を計2回実施する。その後、平坦面間から取り出したチタン多孔質体の厚みT2を計測する。ここでは、そのようにチタン多孔質体に圧力を作用させることが可能な種々の圧縮試験装置その他の装置を用いることができる。チタン多孔質体の厚みT1、T2を計測するには、チタン多孔質体の平面視の異なる位置の5か所(たとえば平面視が四角形のチタン多孔質体である場合は、中心とその周囲の四隅の計5か所)について厚みを測り、それらの平均値を厚みT1、T2とする。
チタン多孔質体の破断曲げひずみは、0.005以上である。破断曲げひずみが大きいと、破損し難くハンドリング性に優れたものであるといえる。よって、破断曲げひずみは大きいことが好ましく、例えば0.007以上であることが好ましい。他方、後述の実施例の項目で示すように、曲げひずみがある程度大きくなっても破断しないチタン多孔質体もあるので、上記破断曲げひずみの上限値は特に限定されない。敢えて例示すると、破断曲げひずみは、たとえば0.10以下である場合がある。破断曲げひずみは、たとえば0.005以上かつ0.10以下である場合があり、また例えば0.007以上かつ0.10以下となることがある。
上述したようなチタン多孔質体は、たとえば、以下に述べるようにして製造されることがある。
比較例5は、予備加熱の時間が短かったことに起因して、チタン多孔質体の酸素含有量が少なく、酸素による固溶強化が不十分であったことから不可逆変形量が大きくなったと考えられる。比較例6は、予備加熱をアルゴン雰囲気で行ったことにより、チタン多孔質体の酸素含有量が少なくなり、不可逆変形量が大きくなった。また、破断曲げひずみが小さかった。
Claims (10)
- シート状のチタン多孔質体であって、
チタン含有量が97質量%以上、酸素含有量が0.9質量%以上かつ2.0質量%以下、炭素含有量が0.01質量%以上かつ0.06質量%以下であり、
厚みが0.3mm以下であり、
空隙率が35%以上かつ45%以下であり、
65MPaでの加圧後の不可逆変形量が5.0%以下であり、破断曲げひずみが0.005以上であるチタン多孔質体。 - 窒素含有量が0.01質量%以上かつ0.10質量%以下である請求項1に記載のチタン多孔質体。
- 厚みが0.04mm以上かつ0.3mm以下である請求項1又は2に記載のチタン多孔質体。
- 65MPaでの加圧後の前記不可逆変形量が3.0%以下である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のチタン多孔質体。
- 酸素含有量が1.3質量%以上かつ2.0質量%以下である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のチタン多孔質体。
- 破断曲げひずみが0.007以上である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のチタン多孔質体。
- シート状のチタン多孔質体を製造する方法であって、
チタン粉末、有機バインダー及び有機溶媒を含み、水及び発泡剤を含まないペーストを、樹脂基材上で乾燥させ、シート状の成形体を得る乾燥工程と、
前記成形体を、酸素を含む雰囲気の下、350℃超かつ450℃未満の温度に3時間以上かつ12時間以下の時間で加熱し、前記成形体中の有機物を揮発させる予備加熱工程と、
前記予備加熱工程後の成形体を加熱し、前記成形体中のチタン粉末を焼結させる焼結工程と
を含む、チタン多孔質体の製造方法。 - 前記チタン粉末として、平均粒径D50が10μm以上かつ20μm以下である粉砕粉末を使用する、請求項7に記載のチタン多孔質体の製造方法。
- 前記チタン粉末のチタン含有量が99質量%以上であり、酸素含有量が0.7質量%以下である、請求項7又は8に記載のチタン多孔質体の製造方法。
- 焼結工程で、前記成形体を700℃以上かつ850℃以下の温度に1時間以上かつ4時間以下の時間にわたって加熱する、請求項7~9のいずれか一項に記載のチタン多孔質体の製造方法。
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JP2014109049A (ja) | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-12 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | チタン多孔体の製造方法 |
JP2014239023A (ja) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-12-18 | 新日鉄住金化学株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池用集電体およびその材料の製造方法ならびに色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2021134396A (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-13 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | 多孔質金属体の製造方法及び、多孔質金属体 |
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JP2009102701A (ja) | 2007-10-24 | 2009-05-14 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 多孔質チタン焼結体の製造方法および多孔質チタン焼結体の製造装置 |
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