WO2023136269A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023136269A1 WO2023136269A1 PCT/JP2023/000516 JP2023000516W WO2023136269A1 WO 2023136269 A1 WO2023136269 A1 WO 2023136269A1 JP 2023000516 W JP2023000516 W JP 2023000516W WO 2023136269 A1 WO2023136269 A1 WO 2023136269A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained thereby, and a liquid crystal display element comprising the obtained liquid crystal alignment film. More specifically, even when the baking temperature is low and the baking time is short, the liquid crystal aligning agent is capable of providing a liquid crystal alignment film having good liquid crystal alignment, excellent pretilt angle expression ability, and high reliability. and to a liquid crystal display element having excellent display quality.
- the liquid crystal alignment film plays a role of orienting the liquid crystal in a certain direction.
- the main liquid crystal alignment films used industrially are polyimide precursors such as polyamic acid (also known as polyamic acid), polyamic acid esters, and polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment agents made of polyimide solutions on substrates. It is produced by applying and forming a film. Further, in the case of aligning the liquid crystal parallel or obliquely with respect to the substrate surface, surface stretching treatment by rubbing is further performed after the film formation.
- a vertical alignment (VA) system a long-chain alkyl, a cyclic group, or a combination of a cyclic group and an alkyl group
- a steroid skeleton for example, see Patent Document 2
- a liquid crystal alignment film in which a hydrophobic group is introduced into a side chain of polyimide is used.
- a method of providing a projection on the substrate for example, a method of providing a slit in the display electrode, or a method of slightly tilting the liquid crystal molecules from the normal direction of the substrate toward one direction within the substrate surface by rubbing ( Pretilt) method, further, by adding a photopolymerizable compound in advance to the liquid crystal composition, using it together with a vertical alignment film such as polyimide, and irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal is pretilt.
- a method for example, see Patent Document 3 is proposed.
- a highly polar solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (also referred to as NMP) is used because the solvent solubility of these polyimide polymers is low. It is used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- These highly polar solvents have high boiling points.
- NMP has a boiling point of 200° C. or higher. Therefore, in order to produce a liquid crystal alignment film using a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent using NMP as a solvent, in order to eliminate NMP remaining in the liquid crystal alignment film, at a high temperature of about 200 ° C. which is near the boiling point of NMP firing is required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning film and a liquid crystal aligning agent that have good liquid crystal alignment properties, excellent pretilt angle expression ability, and high reliability even if the baking time is shortened. .
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing the following (A) component and a solvent containing the following (A) component and a solvent.
- A-1) A structure having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group, an amino group and a hydroxy group (hereinafter also referred to as "polar group”).
- A-2) A structure represented by the following formula (pa-1) (hereinafter also referred to as “photo-alignment group 1”).
- A is optionally a group selected from fluorine, chlorine, cyano, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl residue (which is optionally one cyano group or substituted with one or more halogen atoms), pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, furan-2,5 -diyl, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene or phenylene, R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-, R 2 is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent an alicyclic group, a divalent heterocyclic group or a divalent condensed cyclic group, R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-, and R 4 has 1 to 40 carbon atoms is a monovalent organic group having
- each of the plurality of R 1 and R 2 independently has the above definition.
- A-3 an oxetanyl group, an oxiranyl group, a group represented by the following formula (3), a group represented by the following formula (4), a group represented by the following formula (5) (in each formula, * represents a bond.) and a structure having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a thiirane group (hereinafter also referred to as a “thermally crosslinkable group”).
- a structure represented by the following formula (pa-2) (hereinafter also referred to as “photo-alignment group 2”).
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 each independently represent a single bond, -O-, -CH 2 -, -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH- or -NH-CO-;
- T is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto may be replaced with a halogen group; when T is a single bond then L2 also represents a single bond;
- Y 1 is a divalent benzene ring;
- P 1 and Q 1 are each independently a group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 8 carbon atoms;
- R 11 is a hydrogen atom, —CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an (alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms)carbonyl group, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms or a
- the hydrogen atoms bonded to the benzene ring are each independently —CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an (alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) carbonyl group, or a carbon may be substituted with an alkyloxy group of numbers 1 to 5;
- X 1 represents a single bond, -O-, -COO- or -OCO-; n1 is 0, 1 or 2; when the number of X 1 is 2, X 1 may be the same or different; When the number of Q 1 is 2, Q 1 may be the same or different;
- a dashed line represents a bond with a polymerizable group.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a liquid crystal aligning film and a liquid crystal aligning agent that have good liquid crystal alignment properties, excellent pretilt angle expression ability, and high reliability even if the baking time is shortened. Also, the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the present invention has excellent display characteristics.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polymer having the structures (A-1) to (A-4) (hereinafter also referred to as "specific polymer”) and a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solvent.
- specific polymer a polymer having the structures (A-1) to (A-4)
- liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solvent a polymer having the structures (A-1) to (A-4) (hereinafter also referred to as "specific polymer”) and a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solvent.
- I a1 has the same definition as in formula (a-1-m) described later
- I b is a group represented by the formula (pa-1)
- I c is selected from the group consisting of an oxetanyl group, an oxiranyl group, a group represented by the formula (3), a group represented by the formula (4), a group represented by the formula (5), and a thiirane group.
- represents a monovalent organic group having at least one functional group represented by I d is a group represented by the above formula (pa-2).
- M a , M c , M d , M e , M f , M g , r 1 , r 2 , and r 3 are the formulas (a-1-m), (b-1-m), and ( c-1-m) and the definition given in formula (d-1-m).
- w, x, y, and z are not particularly limited as long as they are all greater than 0.
- w, x, y, and z each independently take a value of 0.01 or more and 0.89 or less. can be done.
- the formula (I) means that each side chain exists in the ratio of w, x, y, z, and in the polymer, a block copolymer in which each side chain is blocked does not mean
- the specific polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has high sensitivity to light, it can exhibit alignment controllability even with low-exposure polarized UV irradiation. Furthermore, the reaction of the thermally crosslinkable group with the amino group and the hydroxy group or the carboxy group allows the specific polymer to undergo a cross-linking reaction within the specific polymer even when the liquid crystal aligning agent is baked for a short period of time. As a result, when the photo-alignment site of the specific polymer exhibits anisotropy due to a photoreaction, the anisotropy tends to remain in the liquid crystal alignment film (memory), so the liquid crystal alignment is improved and the liquid crystal It becomes possible to develop a pretilt angle.
- the specific polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has at least one functional group selected from polar groups, ie, carboxy groups, amino groups and hydroxy groups, in the molecule, preferably in the side chain. have a structure. This structure can enhance the liquid crystal orientation of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film and express the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal even when the baking time of the liquid crystal alignment agent obtained from the specific polymer of the present invention is shortened. .
- a structure having a polar group can be represented, for example, by the following formula (a-1). Further, examples of the structure include, but are not limited to, structures derived from monomers represented by the following formula (a-1-m).
- Ia1 is a monovalent group selected from a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a group having at least one partial structure represented by the following formula (a2), or a primary amino group.
- the following formula (a2) represents a group other than a primary amino group
- r1 is 1 or 2.
- S a represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- r 1 is 2
- each of the plurality of S a and I a1 independently has the above definition.
- the group having the partial structure of formula (a2) includes, for example, a 5-membered or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, such as a piperidine ring and a morpholine ring.
- a 5-membered or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring such as a piperidine ring and a morpholine ring.
- Each of these groups may be unsubstituted or one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted by a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, cyano group, methyl group or methoxy group.
- Preferred examples of Ia1 include a monovalent group selected from a carboxy group and a hydroxy group.
- Ma represents a first polymerizable group.
- the first polymerizable group the following formulas (M a -1) to (M a -2) (wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), ⁇ -methylene - radically polymerizable groups of ⁇ -butyrolactone, maleimide, norbornene and its derivatives, siloxanes.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- ⁇ -methylene - radically polymerizable groups of ⁇ -butyrolactone ⁇ -methylene - ⁇ -butyrolactone
- maleimide norbornene and its derivatives
- siloxanes siloxanes
- Examples of the divalent linking group for S a in the formula (a-1-m) include an alkanediyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6), 6 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 14), (*A)-CONH-R 6 -(*B) group, (*A)-COO-R 7 -(*B) group and the like.
- R 6 and R 7 are each independently a single bond, an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6), or an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 14).
- alkanediyl groups include methylene group, ethylene group, ethane-1,1-diyl group, propane-1,1-diyl group, propane-1,2-diyl group, propane-1,3-diyl group, Propane-2,2-diyl group, butane-1,2-diyl group, butane-1,3-diyl group, butane-1,4-diyl group, pentane-1,4-diyl group, pentane-1,5 -diyl group, hexane-1,5-diyl group, hexane-1,6-diyl group and the like.
- arylene group a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a biphenylene group, an anthrylene group, etc.
- alkyleneoxyarylene group examples include an ethyleneoxyphenylene group, a hexyleneoxyphenylene group, and a hexyleneoxybiphenyl group.
- the divalent linking group for S a includes an alkanediyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6), an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 14), (*A) A --COO--R 7 --(*B) group is preferred, and R 7 is preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the above formula (a-1-m) having a carboxy group include (meth)acrylic acid, carboxyethyl (meth)acrylate, carboxypentyl (meth)acrylate, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, ⁇ -ethyl acrylic acid, ⁇ -ethylacrylic acid, ⁇ -propylacrylic acid, ⁇ -isopropylacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, vinylbenzoic acid and the like.
- specific examples of the above formula (a-1-m) having an amino group include tert-butylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate.
- formula (a-1-m) having a hydroxy group examples include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxy hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as butyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, 10-hydroxydecyl (meth)acrylate, 12-hydroxylauryl (meth)acrylate; Hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamide, (4-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl)methyl acrylate, N-methylol (meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxy (meth)acrylamide and the like can be mentioned.
- the site having a polar group to be contained in the polymer of the present invention may be used singly, or two or more sites may be used in combination.
- the portion having a polar group is preferably contained in a ratio of 20 to 94 mol%, 20 to 88 mol%, or 25 to 80 mol% of the specific polymer (component (A)).
- the specific polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a structure having a photo-aligning group 1 represented by the formula (pa-1) in the molecule, preferably in the side chain.
- the site having the photoalignable group 1 represented by the above formula (pa-1) can be represented, for example, by the following formula (b-1).
- the site includes, but is not limited to, a structure derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (b-1-m).
- Ib is a monovalent organic group represented by the following formula (pa-1).
- A is optionally a group selected from fluorine, chlorine, cyano, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl residue (which is optionally one cyano group or substituted with one or more halogen atoms), pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, furan-2,5 -diyl, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene or phenylene, R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-, R 2 is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent an alicyclic group, a divalent heterocyclic group or a divalent condensed cyclic group, R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-, and R 4 has 1 to 40 carbon atoms is a monovalent organic group having
- S b represents a spacer unit, and the left bond of S b binds to the main chain of the specific polymer, optionally via a spacer. indicates that Sb can be represented, for example, by the structure of the following formula (Sp).
- the left bond of W1 represents the bond to Md
- the right bond of W3 represents the bond to Ib
- M c represents a second polymerizable group.
- the second polymerizable group radically polymerizable groups of (meth)acrylate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene, (meth)acrylamide and derivatives thereof, and siloxane can be mentioned.
- (Meth)acrylate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide and acrylamide are preferred.
- r 2 is an integer that satisfies 1 ⁇ r 2 ⁇ 3. When r 2 is 2 or more, each of the plurality of S b and I b independently has the above definition.
- M d is a single bond, (r 2 +1)-valent heterocyclic ring, (r 2 +1)-valent linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, A group selected from (r 2 +1)-valent aromatic groups and (r 2 +1)-valent alicyclic groups, each group being unsubstituted or having at least one hydrogen atom of fluorine atom or chlorine It may be substituted by atoms, cyano groups, methyl groups or methoxy groups.
- Examples of aromatic groups for A 1 , A 2 and M d include aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as benzene ring, biphenyl structure and naphthalene ring.
- Examples of the alicyclic group for A 1 , A 2 and M d include alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclohexane ring and bicyclohexane structure.
- Examples of heterocyclic rings for A 1 , A 2 and Md include nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings such as pyridine ring, piperidine ring and piperazine ring.
- Examples of the alkylene group for A 1 and A 2 include a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the structure of (b-1) is the group represented by (pa-1) above, or the group represented by (pa-1-a) below.
- the site includes, but is not limited to, a structure derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (pa-1-ma).
- M c , M d , S b and r 2 have the same definitions as above.
- Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- X a and X b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-.
- R2 is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent alicyclic group, or a divalent heterocyclic group.
- R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-.
- R 4 is a C 3-40 monovalent organic group including a C 1-40 linear or branched alkyl group or an alicyclic group.
- R 5 is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a cyano group, preferably a methyl group, a methoxy group or a fluorine atom.
- a is an integer of 0-3 and b is an integer of 0-4.
- the linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in S b is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. is preferably a group such as methylene group, ethylene group, n-propylene group, n-butylene group, tert-butylene group, n-pentylene group, n-hexylene group, n-heptylene group and n-octylene group. .
- Examples of divalent aromatic groups for S b include 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2,3,5,6-tetra A fluoro-1,4-phenylene group and the like can be mentioned.
- the divalent alicyclic group for S b is, for example, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexylene Silene and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of divalent heterocyclic groups for S b include 2,5-pyridylene group, 2,6-pyridylene group, furan-2,5-diyl group, piperazine-1,4-diyl group, piperidine-1,4 -diyl group and the like.
- S b is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- divalent aromatic groups for R 2 include 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2,3,5,6-tetra
- a fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a naphthylene group and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic group for R 2 include a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group and a trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexylene group.
- Examples of divalent heterocyclic groups for R 2 include 2,5-pyridylene group, 2,6-pyridylene group, furan-2,5-diyl group, piperazine-1,4-diyl group, piperidine-1,4 -diyl group and the like.
- R 2 is preferably a 1,4-phenylene group, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, or a trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexylene group.
- the linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms for R 4 includes, for example, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Or all may be substituted by fluorine atoms.
- alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n -nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-lauryl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, n -nonadecyl group, n
- Examples of the monovalent organic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms including an alicyclic group for R 4 include cholestenyl group, cholestanyl group, adamantyl group, and the following formula (Alc-1) or (Alc-2) (wherein, Each R 7 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom).
- Examples of the monomer represented by the above formula (pa-1-ma) include, but are not limited to, structures represented by the formulas (paa-1-ma1) to (paa-1-ma18).
- “E” represents the E form
- "t” represents that the cyclohexyl group is trans-type.
- the site of the photoreactive group 1 to be contained in the polymer of the present invention may be used singly, or two or more sites may be used in combination.
- the site of the photoreactive group 1 is preferably contained in a proportion of 5 to 50 mol%, 10 to 50 mol%, or 15 to 50 mol% of the specific polymer (component (A)).
- the specific polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a site having a thermally crosslinkable group, that is, an oxetanyl group (1,3-epoxy structure), an oxiranyl group (1,2-epoxy structure), the following formula It has a site having at least one functional group selected from a group represented by formula (3), a group represented by formula (4) below, a group represented by formula (5) below, and a thiirane group.
- the specific polymer is an oxetanyl group, an oxiranyl group, a group represented by the following formula (3), a group represented by the following formula (4), a group represented by the following formula (5), and a thiirane group. It has a site having at least one selected functional group in the molecule, preferably in a side chain.
- the site (A-3) having a thermally crosslinkable group can form a cross-linking reaction with the polar groups such as amino groups, hydroxy groups, and carboxy groups. It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film excellent in pretilt angle expression ability by stabilizing the liquid crystal alignment ability of the portion having photo-alignment (A-2).
- the site having a thermally crosslinkable group can be represented, for example, by the following formula (c-1). Further, the site can include a structure derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (c-1-m).
- I c is an oxetanyl group, an oxiranyl group, a group represented by the above formula (3), a group represented by the above formula (4), the above formula It is a monovalent organic group selected from the group represented by (5) and a thiirane group. Sc represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- M e represents a third polymerizable group. Examples of the third polymerizable group include the following formulas (M c -1) to (M c -2), radically polymerizable groups of ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, maleimide, norbornene and derivatives thereof, and siloxane. can.
- Rc represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- M e is preferably represented by formulas (M c -1) to (M c -2) and ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone maleimide.
- Examples of the divalent linking group for S c in the formula (c-1-m) include an alkanediyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6), 6 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 14), (*A)-CONH-R 6 -(*B) group, (*A)-COO-R 7 -(*B) group and the like.
- R 6 and R 7 are each independently a single bond, an alkanediyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6), or an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 14).
- any carbon-carbon bond of the alkanediyl group may have an -O- bond or a -S- bond
- (*A) is a carbon atom having an unsaturated bond
- (*B) indicates a bond that binds to Ia1 .
- alkanediyl groups include methylene group, ethylene group, ethane-1,1-diyl group, propane-1,1-diyl group, propane-1,2-diyl group, propane-1,3-diyl group, Propane-2,2-diyl group, butane-1,2-diyl group, butane-1,3-diyl group, butane-1,4-diyl group, pentane-1,4-diyl group, pentane-1,5 -diyl group, hexane-1,5-diyl group, hexane-1,6-diyl group and the like.
- arylene group a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a biphenylene group, an anthrylene group, etc.
- alkyleneoxyarylene group examples include an ethyleneoxyphenylene group, a hexyleneoxyphenylene group, and a hexyleneoxybiphenyl group.
- the divalent linking group for S a includes an alkanediyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6), an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 14), (*A) A --COO--R 7 --(*B) group is preferred, and R 7 is preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a methyl group or a methoxy group.
- formula (c-1-m) having an oxiranyl group include allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, 2-methylglycidyl methacrylate, ⁇ -ethyl glycidyl acrylate, and ⁇ -n-propyl.
- formula (c-1-m) having an oxetanyl group include 3-(acryloyloxymethyl)oxetane, 3-(acryloyloxymethyl)-2-methyloxetane, 3-(acryloyloxymethyl)-3 -ethyloxetane, 3-(acryloyloxymethyl)-2-trifluoromethyloxetane, 3-(acryloyloxymethyl)-2-pentafluoroethyloxetane, 3-(acryloyloxymethyl)-2-phenyloxetane, 3-( acryloyloxymethyl)-2,2-difluorooxetane, 3-(acryloyloxymethyl)-2,2,4-trifluorooxetane, 3-(acryloyloxymethyl)-2,2,4,4-tetrafluorooxetane, 3-(2-acryloyloxyethyl) oxetane, 3-(2-acryloyloxyethyl)
- formula (c-1-m) having a thiirane group include the following formula (S) (where X is —O(CH 2 ) n —, —S(CH 2 ) n —, or —( CH 2 ) n —, where n is an integer of 0 to 6, and Y is an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, an allyl group, or a vinyl group.), or 2,3-epithiopropyl acrylate or methacrylate, and 2- or 3- or 4-( ⁇ -epithiopropylthiomethyl)styrene, 2- or 3- or 4-( ⁇ -epithiopropyloxymethyl)styrene, 2- or 3- or 4- ( ⁇ -epithiopropylthio)styrene, 2- or 3- or 4-( ⁇ -epithiopropyloxy)styrene and the like can be mentioned.
- the site having a thermally crosslinkable group to be contained in the polymer of the present invention may be used singly or in combination of two or more types.
- the introduction amount of the site having a thermally crosslinkable group is preferably 1 to 30 mol %, 2 to 30 mol %, or 5 to 25 mol % of the specific polymer (component (A)).
- the specific polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a structure having photo-orientation represented by the formula (pa-2) in the molecule, preferably in the side chain.
- the site having photoalignment represented by the above formula (pa-2) can be represented by, for example, the following formula (d-1).
- the site includes, but is not limited to, a structure derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (d-1-m).
- I d is a monovalent organic group represented by the above formula (pa-2).
- S d represents a spacer unit, and the left bond of S d binds to the main chain of the specific polymer, optionally via a spacer. indicates that Sd can be represented, for example, by the structure of the above formula (Sp).
- the left bond of W1 represents a bond to Mg
- the right bond of W3 represents a bond to Id , but otherwise the same as formula (Sp) above.
- Mf represents a fourth polymerizable group.
- radically polymerizable groups of (meth)acrylate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene, (meth)acrylamide and derivatives thereof, and siloxane can be mentioned.
- (Meth)acrylate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide and acrylamide are preferred.
- r 3 is an integer that satisfies 1 ⁇ r 3 ⁇ 3. When r 3 is 2 or more, each of the plurality of S d and I d independently has the above definition.
- M g is a single bond, (r 3 +1)-valent heterocyclic ring, (r 3 +1)-valent linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, A group selected from (r 3 +1)-valent aromatic groups and (r 3 +1)-valent alicyclic groups, each group being unsubstituted or having at least one hydrogen atom of fluorine atom or chlorine It may be substituted by atoms, cyano groups, methyl groups or methoxy groups.
- Examples of the aromatic group for Mg include aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as benzene ring, biphenyl structure and naphthalene ring.
- Examples of the alicyclic group for Mg include alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclohexane ring and bicyclohexane structure.
- Examples of the heterocyclic ring in Mg include nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings such as pyridine ring, piperidine ring and piperazine ring.
- the structure of (d-1) is the group represented by (pa-2) above, or the group represented by (pa-2-a) below.
- the site includes, but is not limited to, a structure derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (pa-2-ma).
- M f , M g , S d , L 1 , R 11 and r 3 have the same definitions as above.
- the linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in S d is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. is preferably a group such as methylene group, ethylene group, n-propylene group, n-butylene group, t-butylene group, n-pentylene group, n-hexylene group, n-heptylene group and n-octylene group. .
- divalent aromatic groups for S d examples include 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2,3,5,6-tetra A fluoro-1,4-phenylene group and the like can be mentioned.
- the divalent alicyclic group of S d is, for example, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, trans-trans-1,4-bi A cyclohexylene group and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of divalent heterocyclic groups for S d include 2,5-pyridylene group, 2,6-pyridylene group, furan-2,5-diyl group, piperazine-1,4-diyl group, piperidine-1,4 -diyl group and the like.
- S d is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- divalent aromatic groups for R 2 include 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2,3,5,6-tetra
- a fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a naphthylene group and the like can be mentioned.
- R 11 includes a methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propyloxy group, n-butyloxy group, tert-butyloxy group, n-pentyloxy group, trifluoromethyl group, fluoro group, chloro group, bromo group, cyano group, A nitro group and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the monomer represented by the above formula (pa-2-ma) include, but are not limited to, structures represented by formulas (paa-2-ma1) to (paa-2-ma7).
- “E” represents the E form.
- the site of the photoreactive group 2 to be contained in the polymer of the present invention may be used singly, or two or more sites may be used in combination.
- the site of the photoreactive group 2 is preferably contained in a ratio of 1 to 20 mol%, 2 to 15 mol%, or 3 to 10 mol% of the specific polymer (component (A)).
- the solvent used for the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the specific polymer.
- Specific examples include water, N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methylcaprolactam.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and X 1 is an oxygen atom or -COO- , X 2 is a single bond or a carbonyl group, and R 1 is an alkanediyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- n 1 is an integer of 1-3. When n 1 is 2 or 3, multiple R 1s may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a C 1-6 divalent hydrocarbon group
- Y 3 and Y 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms for Y 1 and Y 2 include a monovalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Examples include monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups and monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of monovalent chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkanediyl group of R 1 may be linear or branched.
- examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms for Z 1 include an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of Y 3 and Y 4 includes a monovalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. groups and monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of monovalent chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- solvent represented by formula (Sv-1) include, for example, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol-i-propyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether ( butyl cellosolve), ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl Ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monobutyl ether,
- the solvent preferably has a boiling point of 80 to 200°C. More preferably, the temperature is 80° C. to 180° C.
- Preferred solvents include N,N-dimethylformamide, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, propanol, isopropanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxy Butanol, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isoamyl methyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate , cyclohexyl acetate, 2-methylcyclohexyl acetate, butyl butyrate, isoamyl butyrate, diisobutylcar
- the specific polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes (A-1) a monomer having at least one functional group selected from the above carboxy group, amino group and hydroxy group, and (A-2) light Obtained by polymerizing a monomer having a site having an alignment group 1, (A-3) a monomer having a thermally crosslinkable group, and (A-4) a monomer having a site having a photoalignment group 2. . Moreover, it can be copolymerized with other monomers other than those described above. Other monomers include, for example, industrially available radical polymerizable monomers.
- monomers examples include acrylic acid ester compounds, methacrylic acid ester compounds, maleimide compounds, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, styrene compounds and vinyl compounds, etc., containing a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group and a polymerizable group. monomers.
- acrylic acid ester compounds include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, naphthyl acrylate, anthryl acrylate, anthryl methyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylates, cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl acrylate, 2-methyl-2-adamantyl acrylate, 2- Propyl-2-adamantyl acrylate, 8-methyl-8-tricyclodecyl acrylate, 8-ethyl-8-tricyclodecyl acrylate and the like.
- methacrylic acid ester compounds include alkyl group-containing methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate and octadecyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, naphthyl methacrylate, anthryl methacrylate, anthrylmethyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, 2 , 2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 3-methoxybutyl methacrylate, 2-methyl-2-adamantyl methacrylate, 2-propy
- vinyl compounds include vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, phenyl vinyl ether, and propyl vinyl ether.
- Styrene compounds include, for example, styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, and the like.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle has a structure selected from the group consisting of the following formulas [Na] to [Nb] (wherein Z 2 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) is preferably an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon containing at least 1, preferably 1 to 4 of.
- Examples include an oxadiazole ring, an acridine ring, and the like.
- the carbon atoms of these nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles may have substituents containing heteroatoms.
- a pyridine ring is mentioned, for example.
- Examples of monomers having a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group and a polymerizable group include 2-(2-pyridylcarbonyloxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-(3-pyridylcarbonyloxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate, 2- (4-pyridylcarbonyloxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate, and the like.
- the other monomers used in the present invention may be used singly, or two or more moieties may be used in combination.
- the content of the above other monomers is preferably 0 to 20 mol%, or 1 to 20 mol%, or 5 to 20 mol% of the specific polymer (component (A)).
- the total of the site having a polar group, the site of photoreactive group 1, the site having thermal crosslinkability and the site of photoreactive group 2 is 80 to 100 mol% of the specific polymer (A) component, or 80 to 99 mol %, or 80 to 95 mol %.
- the method for producing the specific polymer in the present invention is not particularly limited, and general-purpose industrially used methods can be used. Specifically, it can be produced by cationic polymerization, radical polymerization, or anionic polymerization using a vinyl group of a monomer. Among these, radical polymerization is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of ease of reaction control.
- radical polymerization initiator for radical polymerization
- known compounds such as radical polymerization initiators and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization reagents can be used.
- RAFT reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer
- a radical thermal polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals when heated above the decomposition temperature.
- radical thermal polymerization initiators include ketone peroxides (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, etc.), diacyl peroxides (acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, etc.), hydroperoxides (peroxide Hydrogen, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, etc.), dialkyl peroxides (di-tert-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, etc.), peroxyketals (dibutylperoxycyclohexane etc.), alkyl peresters (peroxyneodecanoic acid -tert-butyl ester, peroxypivalic acid -tert-butyl ester, peroxy 2-ethylcyclohexanoi
- the radical photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that initiates radical polymerization by light irradiation.
- examples of such radical photopolymerization initiators include known compounds such as benzophenone, Michler's ketone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, xanthone, thioxanthone, and isopropylxanthone. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the radical polymerization method is not particularly limited, and an emulsion polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a dispersion polymerization method, a precipitation polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, or the like can be used.
- the solvent used for the polymerization reaction of the specific polymer is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polymer produced.
- Specific examples include the above solvents such as N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, dialkylimidazolidinones, lactones, carbonates, ketones, compounds represented by the above formula (Sv-1) and the above formulas compounds represented by (Sv-2), tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dimethylsulfone, dimethylsulfoxide, hexamethylsulfoxide and the like.
- solvents may be used alone or in combination. Furthermore, even a solvent that does not dissolve the resulting polymer may be used by mixing with the above solvent.
- oxygen in the solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction, so it is preferable to use an organic solvent that has been degassed to the extent possible.
- the polymerization temperature during radical polymerization may be any temperature from 30 to 150°C, preferably from 50 to 100°C.
- the monomer concentration is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction can be carried out at a high concentration, and then the organic solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the radical initiator is preferably 0.1 to 10 mol% with respect to the monomers to be polymerized. Further, various monomer components, solvents, initiators, etc. can be added during polymerization.
- the reaction solution may be put into a poor solvent to precipitate the polymer.
- Poor solvents used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, heptane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, ethanol, toluene, benzene, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, and water.
- the polymer precipitated by putting it into a poor solvent can be filtered and recovered, and then dried at room temperature or under heat under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the impurities in the polymer can be reduced by redissolving the precipitated and recovered polymer in an organic solvent and repeating the operation of reprecipitating and recovering 2 to 10 times.
- the poor solvent in this case include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, and the like. It is preferable to use three or more poor solvents selected from these, because the purification efficiency is further improved.
- the molecular weight of the polymer of the present invention is the weight average molecular weight measured by the GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method when considering the strength of the resulting coating film, the workability during coating film formation, and the uniformity of the coating film. It is preferably from 2,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 100,000.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (that is, polymer composition) used in the present invention is preferably prepared as a coating liquid so as to be suitable for forming a liquid crystal aligning film. That is, the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably prepared as a solution in which a resin component for forming a resin film is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the resin component is the already explained specific polymer (component (A)).
- the content of the resin component is preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 10% by mass, based on the total liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the above-mentioned resin components include a site having a polar group, a site having a photo-aligning group 1, a site having a thermally crosslinkable group, and a photo-aligning group. 2 may be used, but other polymers (hereinafter also referred to as "other polymers") may be mixed.
- the content of the other polymer in the resin component may be 5 to 95 parts by mass, or 10 to 90 parts by mass, based on the total of 100 parts by mass of the component (A) and the other polymer. .
- Such other polymers are composed of, for example, poly(meth)acrylates, polyamic acid esters, polyimides, etc., and some or all of (A-1) to (A-4) possessed by the specific polymer of the present invention and polymers having no site.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain components other than the characteristic polymer component.
- Such other components include compounds containing two or more epoxy groups or thiirane groups in the molecule and other crosslinkable compounds (hereinafter collectively referred to as "crosslinker components"), and liquid crystals.
- crosslinker components compounds containing two or more epoxy groups or thiirane groups in the molecule and other crosslinkable compounds (hereinafter collectively referred to as "crosslinker components"), and liquid crystals.
- crosslinker components compounds containing two or more epoxy groups or thiirane groups in the molecule and other crosslinkable compounds
- liquid crystals Compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when the alignment agent is applied, compounds that improve adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate, and the like can be mentioned, but are not limited to these.
- ⁇ Crosslinking agent component> 1 A compound containing two or more epoxy groups or thiirane groups in the molecule By making such a structure, the amino group, hydroxy group, or carboxy group that is the polar group of (A-1) contained in the above specific polymer And the cross-linking reaction with the hydroxy group is further accelerated, and it becomes possible to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film excellent in the pretilt angle expression ability even in short-time baking.
- Compounds having two or more epoxy groups or thiirane groups in the molecule are not particularly limited as long as they have two or more epoxy groups or thiirane groups at the ends of the molecule. Examples of compounds having two or more epoxy groups at the ends of the molecules include epoxy compounds having at least one or more tertiary nitrogen atoms in the molecule, epoxy compounds having no nitrogen compound in the molecule, and the like. can.
- epoxy compounds having at least one tertiary nitrogen atom in the molecule include epoxy compounds and aliphatic diamines having structures represented by the following formulas (Ep-1) to (Ep-11). Examples thereof include epoxy compounds containing a nitrogen atom as a mother nucleus.
- each X represents a single bond, an aliphatic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group
- Y represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, an ethylidene group, an isopropylidene group, and a vinylene group.
- each of R 1 to R 3 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and j is Represents an integer from 0 to 4. When j is 2 or more, multiple R 1s may be the same or different.
- Q 1 to Q 3 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- epoxy compounds having at least one or more tertiary nitrogen atoms in the molecule compounds in which the tertiary nitrogen atom is bonded to at least one aliphatic group or alicyclic group shorten the baking time. It is preferable in that it is possible.
- epoxy compounds having at least one or more tertiary nitrogen atoms in the molecule include N,N-diglycidylaniline, N,N-diglycidyltoluidine, N,N-diglycidylcyclohexylamine, N, N-diglycidylmethylcyclohexylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-m-phenylenediamine, N,N,N' , N′-tetraglycidyl-o-phenylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N′,N′-tetraglycidyl-3,4′ -diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-3
- epoxy compounds having no nitrogen atom in the molecule include trade names of "Epikote 828", “Epikote 834", “Epikote 1001” and “Epikote 1004" manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, and Dainippon Ink and Chemicals.
- Bisphenol A type epoxy compounds such as “Epiclon 840", “Epiclon 850”, “Epiclon 1050”, and “Epiclon 2055” manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade name of "Epotote 128”; Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- an epoxy compound having Epoxy compounds having a dicyclopentadiene skeleton such as trade names "HP-7200” and “HP-7200H” manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals; Tris-hydroxyphenylmethane-type epoxy compounds such as Mitsubishi Chemical's trade name “YL-933” and Nippon Kayaku's trade names "EPPN-501” and "EPPN-502”; Alicyclic epoxy compounds such as the product name "Celoxide 2011" manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., the product names "Araldite CY175" and “Araldite CY179” manufactured by Asahi Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the product name "HBE-100” manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd. etc., but not limited to these. These epoxy compounds can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the compound having two or more thiirane groups at the molecular end can be obtained, for example, by converting the epoxy group of the epoxy compound having the epoxy group to a thiirane group.
- the solution containing the epoxy compound having the epoxy group is continuously or intermittently added to the first solution containing the sulfurizing agent, and then the second solution containing the sulfurizing agent is added.
- a method of further adding continuously or intermittently is preferred.
- the epoxy group can be converted to a thiirane group.
- sulfurizing agent examples include thiocyanates, thioureas, phosphine sulfide, dimethylthioformamide and N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione.
- thiocyanates examples include sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate.
- the use of a compound having two or more thiirane groups promotes the cross-linking reaction, which is preferable in that the baking time of the liquid crystal aligning agent can be shortened.
- the amount of the compound component containing two or more epoxy groups or thiirane groups in the molecule is 0.1 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. is preferred, and more preferably 0.5 parts by mass to 20 parts by mass.
- crosslinkable compounds include compounds having an isocyanate group, an oxetane group, or a cyclocarbonate group, or a hydroxy group, described in paragraphs [0109] to [0113] of International Publication WO2016/047771. , a compound having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyalkyl group and a lower alkoxyalkyl group, and a compound having a blocked isocyanate group.
- blocked isocyanate compounds include Coronate AP Stable M, Coronate 2503, 2515, 2507, 2513, 2555, Millionate MS-50 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.), Takenate B-830, B-815N, B-820NSU, B-842N, B-846N, B-870N, B-874N, B-882N (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) and the like.
- Coronate AP Stable M Coronate 2503, 2515, 2507, 2513, 2555
- Millionate MS-50 manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.
- Takenate B-830, B-815N, B-820NSU, B-842N, B-846N, B-870N, B-874N, B-882N manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- the amount of these crosslinking agent components used is preferably 0.1 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 part by mass to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. Department.
- Compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and the like. Specifically, for example, Ftop (registered trademark) 301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tochem Products), Megafac (registered trademark) F171, F173, R-30 (manufactured by DIC), Florard FC430, FC431 ( Sumitomo 3M), Asahi Guard (registered trademark) AG710 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), Surflon (registered trademark) S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.), etc. .
- the proportion of these surfactants used is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass, per 100 parts by
- Specific examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the following functional silane-containing compounds.
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. It is more preferably 1 part by mass to 20 parts by mass.
- a photosensitizer can also be used as an additive to improve the photoreactivity of the photoorientable group.
- Specific examples include aromatic 2-hydroxyketone (benzophenone), coumarin, ketocoumarin, carbonylbiscoumarin, acetophenone, anthraquinone, xanthone, thioxanthone, and acetophenone ketal.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be coated on a substrate, baked, and then subjected to alignment treatment such as rubbing treatment or light irradiation, or can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without alignment treatment for some vertical alignment applications. can.
- Substrates include glass such as float glass and soda glass; polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, poly(alicyclic olefin), polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyether ether
- a transparent substrate made of plastic such as ketone (PEEK) resin film, polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyamide, polyimide, acrylic and triacetylcellulose can be used.
- Examples of the transparent conductive film provided on one surface of the substrate include an NESA film (registered trademark of PPG, USA) made of tin oxide (SnO 2 ), an ITO film made of indium oxide-tin oxide (In 2 O 3 —SnO 2 ), and the like. can be used.
- NESA film registered trademark of PPG, USA
- ITO film made of indium oxide-tin oxide (In 2 O 3 —SnO 2 ), and the like.
- the method of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited. good. After coating on a substrate by these methods, a coating film can be formed by evaporating the solvent by heating means such as a hot plate.
- Baking after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent can be performed at any temperature of 40 to 300°C, preferably 40 to 250°C, more preferably 40 to 230°C.
- the temperature is preferably 40 to 150.degree. C., more preferably 80 to 140.degree.
- the firing time is preferably 0.1 to 15 minutes, more preferably 1 to 10 minutes.
- the film thickness of the coating film formed on the substrate is preferably 5 to 1,000 nm, more preferably 10 to 500 nm or 10 to 300 nm.
- This baking can be performed using a hot plate, a hot air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- Rayon cloth, nylon cloth, cotton cloth, etc. can be used for the rubbing treatment.
- alignment treatment may be performed by light irradiation, for example, a step of applying the above liquid crystal alignment agent on a substrate to form a coating film, and the coating film is not in contact with the liquid crystal layer or and irradiating the coating film with light while in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- Examples of the light to be irradiated in the alignment treatment by light irradiation include ultraviolet rays including light with a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm, visible rays, and the like. Among these, ultraviolet light containing light with a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm is preferred.
- the illuminating light may be polarized or unpolarized. As polarized light, it is preferable to use light including linearly polarized light.
- the light irradiation may be performed in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface or in an oblique direction, or may be performed in combination.
- the irradiation amount of light is preferably 0.1 mJ/cm 2 or more and less than 1,000 mJ/cm 2 , more preferably 1 to 500 mJ/cm 2 , and further preferably 2 to 200 mJ/cm 2 . preferable.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be produced by a normal method, and the production method is not particularly limited. It is preferable that the pair of substrates are opposed to each other with an appropriate gap therebetween, and a spacer is arranged between the substrates for the purpose of uniformizing the thickness of the liquid crystal sandwiched between the substrates.
- a spacer known spacer materials such as a conventional spray-type spacer and a spacer formed from a photosensitive spacer-forming composition can be used. It can also be used as a spacer.
- ⁇ Liquid crystal clamping process> There are, for example, the following two methods for forming a liquid crystal cell by sandwiching liquid crystal between substrates.
- a pair of substrates are arranged opposite to each other with a gap (cell gap) interposed between the liquid crystal alignment films, and the peripheral portions of the pair of substrates are bonded together using a sealing agent, and the substrate surfaces and
- a liquid crystal cell can be produced by injecting and filling a liquid crystal into a cell gap partitioned by an appropriate sealant and then sealing the injection hole.
- an ultraviolet light-curing sealing material is applied to a predetermined place on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and several predetermined places on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film are coated. After dropping the liquid crystal on the substrate, the other substrate is attached so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces the other substrate, and the liquid crystal is spread over the entire surface of the substrate.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- Liquid crystals include fluorine-based liquid crystals and cyano-based liquid crystals having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy depending on the application, and liquid crystal compounds or liquid crystal compositions ( hereinafter, also referred to as a polymerizable liquid crystal or a curable liquid crystal composition) may be used.
- the step of forming the coating film of the liquid crystal aligning agent may be performed by a roll-to-roll method.
- the roll-to-roll method simplifies the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element, thereby making it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost.
- a liquid crystal display element can be obtained by attaching polarizing plates to both outer surfaces of the liquid crystal cell.
- the polarizing plate used outside the liquid crystal cell consists of a polarizing film called "H film", which is made by stretching and aligning polyvinyl alcohol and absorbing iodine, sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films, or the H film itself.
- H film a polarizing film
- a polarizing plate and the like can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention as described above has good liquid crystal alignment, excellent pretilt angle expression ability, and high reliability. Also, the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the present invention has excellent display characteristics.
- MA-1 was synthesized by the synthesis method described in the patent document (WO2017/115790).
- MA-2 was synthesized according to the synthesis method described in British Patent GB2306470B.
- the side chain derived from MA-1 has photo-alignment group 1, and the side chain derived from MA-2 has photo-alignment group 2.
- GMA glycidyl methacrylate
- Additives include lithium bromide monohydrate (LiBr.H 2 O) at 30 mmol/L, phosphoric acid/anhydrous crystals (o-phosphoric acid) at 30 mmol/L, THF is 10 ml / L), flow rate: 1.0 mL / min Standard sample for creating a calibration curve: Tosoh Corporation TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000), and Polyethylene glycol manufactured by Polymer Laboratories (molecular weight: about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000).
- the imidization rate in Synthesis Examples was measured as follows. 20 mg of polyimide powder is placed in an NMR sample tube (manufactured by Kusano Kagaku NMR sampling tube standard ⁇ 5), 1.0 mL of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 , 0.05% TMS mixture) is added, and ultrasonic waves are applied. to dissolve completely. This solution was subjected to proton NMR at 500 MHz using an NMR spectrometer (JNW-ECA500) manufactured by JEOL Datum. For the imidization rate, a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidization is determined as a reference proton.
- NMR sample tube manufactured by Kusano Kagaku NMR sampling tube standard ⁇ 5
- DMSO-d 6 deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide
- TMS mixture deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide
- JNW-ECA500 NMR spectrometer
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- NMP 5.0 g
- BCS 6.0 g
- MP1 polymethacrylate solution
- NMP (20.0 g) and BCS (20.0 g) were added to the obtained polyamic acid solution (10.0 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution having a solid concentration of 4.0% by mass ( PAA-1) was obtained.
- NMP (14.7 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (E) (2.0 g) and dissolved by stirring at 70° C. for 20 hours.
- NMP (13.3 g) and BCS (20.0 g) were added to this solution and stirred at room temperature for 5 hours to obtain a polyimide solution (SPI-1).
- Example 2 To the polymethacrylate solution (MP1) (3.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was added the polyamic solution (PAA-1) (7.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, and further D1 (0.04 g) was added.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (PM2) was obtained by adding and stirring at room temperature.
- Example 3 The polymethacrylate solution (MP1) (3.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was added with the polyimide solution (SPI-1) (7.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 5, and D1 (0.04 g) was added.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (PM3) was obtained by adding and stirring at room temperature.
- liquid crystal aligning agents (PM1) to (PM3) obtained in Examples and the liquid crystal aligning agents (RPM1) to (RPM4) obtained in Comparative Examples were filtered under pressure with a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m.
- the resulting solution was spin-coated on the ITO surface of a glass substrate with a transparent electrode made of an ITO film, dried on a hot plate at 70° C. for 90 seconds, and then baked on a hot plate at 200° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a film thickness of 100 nm.
- a liquid crystal alignment film was formed.
- Linearly polarized ultraviolet light was prepared by passing ultraviolet light from a high-pressure mercury lamp through a band-pass filter with a wavelength of 313 nm and then passing it through a polarizing plate with a wavelength of 313 nm.
- pretilt angle The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal display element produced above was measured by the Mueller matrix method using AxoScan manufactured by Axometrics. Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- the alignment film had higher tilt stability than the liquid crystal alignment film of the comparative example.
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, and Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 are compared.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention and the liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal aligning film obtained therefrom can be suitably used for liquid crystal display elements that require durability such as in-vehicle use.
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Abstract
Description
また、基板面に対して液晶を平行配向又は傾斜配向させる場合は、成膜した後、更にラビングによる表面延伸処理が行われている。
<1> 下記(A)成分及び溶媒を含有する液晶配向剤。
(A)成分:下記(A-1)~(A-4)の構造を有する重合体。
(A-1)カルボキシ基、アミノ基及びヒドロキシ基及びからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有する構造(以下、「極性基」ともいう)。
(A-2)下記式(pa-1)で表される構造(以下、「光配向性基1」とも称する)。
(A-3)オキセタニル基、オキシラニル基、下記式(3)で表される基、下記式(4)で表される基、下記式(5)で表される基(各式中、*は結合手を表す。)及びチイラン基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の官能基を有する構造(以下、「熱架橋性基」とも称する)。
Tは、単結合または炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Tが単結合であるときはL2も単結合を表す;
Y1は、2価のベンゼン環である;
P1及びQ1は、それぞれ独立にベンゼン環及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素環からなる群から選ばれる基である;
R11は、水素原子、-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、(炭素数1~5のアルキル)カルボニル基、炭素数3~7のシクロアルキル基又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基である。
Y1、P1及びQ1において、ベンゼン環に結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、(炭素数1~5のアルキル)カルボニル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されてもよい;
X1は、単結合、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表す;
n1は0、1または2である、
X1の数が2となるときは、X1同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Q1の数が2となるときは、Q1同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
破線は重合性基との結合手を表す。
また、本発明の方法によって製造された液晶表示素子は優れた表示特性を有する。
また、本明細書全体を通して、*は結合手を表す。
以下、本発明の各構成要件につき詳述する。
本発明の特定重合体は下記式(I)で表される。
Sa、Sb、Sc及びSdは、それぞれ独立したスペーサー単位を表し、
Ia1は、後述する式(a-1-m)においてする定義と同義であり、
Ibは、前記式(pa-1)で表される基であり、
Icは、オキセタニル基、オキシラニル基、前記式(3)で表される基、前記式(4)で表される基、前記式(5)で表される基及びチイラン基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の官能基を有する1価の有機基を表し、
Idは、前記式(pa-2)で表される基である。
Ma、Mc、Md、Me、Mf、Mg、r1、r2、r3は、後述する式(a-1-m)、式(b-1-m)、式(c-1-m)及び式(d-1-m)においてする定義と同様である。
なお、式(I)は、各側鎖ごとがw、x、y、zの割合で存在することを意味するものであって、重合体において、各側鎖がブロック化したブロック共重合体を意味するものではない。
本発明の液晶配向剤中に含有される特定重合体は、分子内に、好ましくは側鎖に、極性基、即ち、カルボキシ基、アミノ基及びヒドロキシ基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有する構造を有する。
この構造は、本発明の特定重合体から得られる液晶配向剤の焼成時間が短縮された場合においても、得られる液晶配向膜の液晶配向性を高めると共に、液晶のプレチルト角を発現することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤中に含有される特定重合体は、分子内に、好ましくは側鎖に、上記式(pa-1)で表される光配向性基1を有する構造を有する。
光配向性基1を有する部位の構造を上記の構造とすることで、熱などの外部ストレスに曝されたとしても、垂直配向制御能を長期間安定に保持できる。また、光に対して感度が高いため、低露光量の偏光紫外線照射においても、配向制御能を発現でき、液晶配向膜の製造工程を簡略化する観点からも好ましい。
Sbは、例えば下記式(Sp)の構造で表すことができる。
W1の左の結合はMdへの結合を表し、
W3の右の結合はIbへの結合を表し、
W1、W2及びW3は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、二価の複素環、-(CH2)n-(式中、nは1~20を表す)、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、―COO-、-OCO-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2CF2-又は-C≡C-を表すが、これらの置換基において非隣接のCH2基の一つ以上は独立して、-O-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2―、-NR-、-NR-CO-、-CO-NR-、-NR-CO-O-、-OCO-NR-、-NR-CO-NR-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-又は-O-CO-O-(式中、Rは独立して水素又は炭素原子数1から5の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表す)で置換することができ、
A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、アルキレン基、2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、又は2価の複素環式基から選ばれる基であり、それぞれの基は無置換であるか又は一個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基、メチル基又はメトキシ基によって置換されていても良い。
r2は、1≦r2≦3を満たす整数である。r2が2以上の場合、複数個のSb及びIbはそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。
式(b-1-m)中、Mdは、単結合、(r2+1)価の複素環、(r2+1)価の炭素数1~10の直鎖状又は分岐状炭化水素基、(r2+1)価の芳香族基、及び(r2+1)価の脂環式基から選ばれる基であり、それぞれの基は無置換であるか又は一個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基、メチル基又はメトキシ基によって置換されていても良い。
また、Zは酸素原子、または硫黄原子である。
Xa及びXbは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基である。
R1は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-である。
R2は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、又は2価の複素環式基である。
R3は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-である。
R4は炭素数1~40の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基または脂環式基を含む炭素数3~40の1価の有機基である。
R5は炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、フッ素原子またはシアノ基、好ましくはメチル基、メトキシ基又はフッ素原子である。
aは0~3の整数であり、bは0~4の整数である。aが2以上の場合、複数個のR1及びR2はそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。bが2以上の場合、複数個のR5はそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。
本発明の液晶配向剤中に含有される特定重合体は、熱架橋性基を有する部位、即ち、オキセタニル基(1,3-エポキシ構造)、オキシラニル基(1,2-エポキシ構造)、下記式(3)で表される基、下記式(4)で表される基、下記式(5)で表される基及びチイラン基から選択される少なくとも1種の官能基を有する部位を有する。換言すると、特定重合体は、オキセタニル基、オキシラニル基、下記式(3)で表される基、下記式(4)で表される基、下記式(5)で表される基及びチイラン基から選択される少なくとも1種の官能基を有する部位を分子内に、好ましくは側鎖に有する。
また、式(c-1-m)中、Meは第3の重合性基を表す。該第3の重合性基として、下記式(Mc-1)~(Mc-2)、α-メチレン-γ-ブチロラクトン、マレイミド、ノルボルネン及びその誘導体のラジカル重合性基、シロキサンを挙げることができる。
Meとして好ましくは、式(Mc-1)~(Mc-2)、α-メチレン-γ-ブチロラクトンマレイミドであるのがよい。
熱架橋性基を有する部位の導入量は、特定重合体((A)成分)の1~30mol%、又は2~30mol%、又は5~25mol%であることが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤中に含有される特定重合体は、分子内に、好ましくは側鎖に、上記式(pa-2)で表される光配向性を有する構造を有する。
光配向性基2を有する部位の構造を上記の構造とすることで、熱などの外部ストレスに曝されたとしても、垂直配向制御能を、さらに長期間安定に保持できる。
上記式(d-1)又は(d-1-m)中、Sdは、スペーサー単位を表し、Sdの左の結合手は特定重合体の主鎖に、任意にスペーサーを介して結合することを示す。
Sdは、例えば上記式(Sp)の構造で表すことができる。ただし、W1の左の結合はMgへの結合を表し、W3の右の結合はIdへの結合を表すが、それ以外は上記式(Sp)と同じである。
式(d-1-m)中、Mfは第4の重合性基を表す。該第4の重合性基として、(メタ)アクリレート、フマレート、マレエート、α-メチレン-γ-ブチロラクトン、スチレン、ビニル、マレイミド、ノルボルネン、(メタ)アクリルアミド及びその誘導体のラジカル重合性基、及びシロキサンを挙げることができる。好ましくは(メタ)アクリレート、α-メチレン-γ-ブチロラクトン、スチレン、ビニル、マレイミド、アクリルアミドであるのがよい。
r3は、1≦r3≦3を満たす整数である。r3が2以上の場合、複数個のSd及びIdはそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。
式(d-1-m)中、Mgは、単結合、(r3+1)価の複素環、(r3+1)価の炭素数1~10の直鎖状又は分岐状炭化水素基、(r3+1)価の芳香族基、及び(r3+1)価の脂環式基から選ばれる基であり、それぞれの基は無置換であるか又は一個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基、メチル基又はメトキシ基によって置換されていても良い。
本発明の液晶配向剤に用いられる溶媒は、特定重合体を溶解させる溶媒であれば特に限定されない。
具体例として、水、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドンなどのN-アルキル-2-ピロリドン類、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルカプロラクタム、テトラメチル尿素、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-エトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノンなどのジアルキルイミダゾリジノン類、γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-バレロラクトン、δ-バレロラクトンなどのラクトン類、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネートなどのカーボネート類、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、3-メチル-3-メトキシブタノール、エチルアミルケトン、メチルノニルケトン、メチルエチルケトン、イソアミルメチルケトン、メチルイソプロピルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルイソブチルケトン、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノンなどのケトン類、下記式(Sv-1)で表される化合物及び下記式(Sv-2)で表される化合物、酢酸4-メチル-2-ペンチル、酢酸2-エチルブチル、酢酸2-エチルヘキシル、酢酸シクロヘキシル、酢酸2-メチルシクロヘキシル、酪酸ブチル、酪酸イソアミル、ジイソブチルカルビノール、ジイソペンチルエーテル等を挙げることができる。
(Sv-2)で表される溶媒の具体例としては、例えばグリコール酸メチル、グリコール酸エチル、グリコール酸ブチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル、乳酸イソアミル、エチル-3-エトキシプロピオネート、メチル-3-メトキシプロピオネート、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチルなどをそれぞれ挙げることができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される特定重合体は、上記の(A-1)カルボキシ基、アミノ基及びヒドロキシ基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有するモノマーと、(A-2)光配向性基1を有する部位を有するモノマーと、(A-3)熱架橋性基を有するモノマーと、(A-4)光配向性基2を有する部位を有するモノマーとを重合することによって得られる。また、上記以外のその他のモノマーと共重合することができる。その他のモノマーとしては、例えば工業的に入手できるラジカル重合反応可能なモノマーが挙げられる。
上述の反応により得られた反応溶液から、生成した高分子を回収する場合には、反応溶液を貧溶媒に投入して、それら重合体を沈殿させれば良い。沈殿に用いる貧溶媒としては、メタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ブチルセルソルブ、ヘプタン、エタノール、トルエン、ベンゼン、ジエチルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、水等を挙げることができる。貧溶媒に投入して沈殿させた重合体は、濾過して回収した後、常圧あるいは減圧下で、常温あるいは加熱して乾燥することができる。また、沈殿回収した重合体を、有機溶媒に再溶解させ、再沈殿回収する操作を2回~10回繰り返すと、重合体中の不純物を少なくすることができる。この際の貧溶媒として、例えば、アルコール類、ケトン類、炭化水素等が挙げられ、これらの中から選ばれる3種類以上の貧溶媒を用いると、より一層精製の効率が上がるので好ましい。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤(すなわち、重合体組成物)は、液晶配向膜の形成に好適となるように塗布液として調製されることが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の液晶配向剤は、樹脂被膜を形成するための樹脂成分が有機溶媒に溶解した溶液として調製されることが好ましい。ここで、その樹脂成分とは、既に説明した特定重合体((A)成分)である。その際、樹脂成分の含有量は、液晶配向剤全体に対して0.5~20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは1~15質量%、特に好ましくは1~10質量%である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記特性重合体成分以外の他の成分を含有してもよい。このような他の成分としては、分子内に2個以上のエポキシ基又はチイラン基を含有する化合物やその他の架橋性化合物(以下、これらを総称して「架橋剤成分」とも称する)や、液晶配向剤を塗布した際の、膜厚均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物、液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物、等を挙げることができるが、これに限定されない。
1.分子内に2個以上のエポキシ基又はチイラン基を含有する化合物
このような構成にすることで、上記特定重合体に含まれる(A-1)の極性基であるアミノ基及びヒドロキシ基やカルボキシ基及びヒドロキシ基との架橋反応がより促進され、短時間の焼成においてもプレチルト角発現能に優れる液晶配向膜を得ることが可能となる。分子内に2個以上のエポキシ基又はチイラン基を有する化合物としては、分子末端にエポキシ基又はチイラン基を2個以上有していれば特に限定されない。分子末端にエポキシ基を2個以上有する化合物としては例えば、分子内に少なくとも1個以上の第三級窒素原子を有するエポキシ化合物や、分子内に窒素化合物を有さないエポキシ化合物等を挙げることができる。
分子内に窒素原子を有さないエポキシ化合物の具体例としては、三菱化学社製の商品名「エピコート828」、「エピコート834」、「エピコート1001」、「エピコート1004」、大日本インキ化学工業社製の商品名「エピクロン840」、「エピクロン850」、「エピクロン1050」、「エピクロン2055」、新日鉄住金化学社製の商品名「エポトート128」等のビスフェノールA型エポキシ化合物;
大日本インキ化学工業社製の商品名「エピクロン830S」、三菱化学社製の商品名「エピコート807」、新日鉄住金化学社製の商品名エポトートYDF-170」、「エポトートYDF-175」、「エポトートYDF-2004」等のビスフェノールF型エポキシ化合物;
日本化薬製の商品名「EBPS-200」、旭電化工業社製の商品名「EPX-30」、大日本インキ化学工業社製の商品名「エピクロンEXA1514」等のビスフェノールS型エポキシ化合物;
大阪ガス社製の商品名「BPFG」等のビスフェノールフルオレン型エポキシ化合物、三菱化学社製の商品名「YL-6056」、「YL-6021」、「YX-4000」、「YX-4000H」等のビキシレノール型、或いはビフェニル型エポキシ化合物、又はそれらの混合物;
新日鉄住金化学社製の商品名「エポトートST-2004」、「ST-2007」、「ST-3000」等の水添ビスフェノールA型エポキシ化合物;
三菱化学社製の商品名「エピコート152」、「エピコート154」、ダウケミカル社製の商品名「D.E.N.431」、「D.E.N.438」、大日本インキ化学工業社製の商品名「エピクロンN-690」、「エピクロンN-695」、「エピクロンN-730」、「エピクロンN-770」、「エピクロンN-865」、新日鉄住金化学社製の商品名「エポトートYDCN-701」、「エポトートYDCN-704」、日本化薬社製の商品名「EPPN-201」、「EOCN-1025」、「EOCN-1020」、
「EOCN-104S」、「RE-306」等のノボラック型エポキシ化合物;
三菱化学社製の商品名「エピコートYL-903」、大日本インキ化学工業社製の商品名「エピクロン152」、「エピクロン165」、新日鉄住金化学社製の商品名「エポトートYDB-400」、「エポトートYDB-500」等の臭素化ビスフェノールA型エポキシ化合物;
新日鉄化学社製の商品名「ESN-190」、「ESN-360」、大日本インキ化学工業社製の商品名「HP-4032」、「EXA-4700」、「EXA-4750」等のナフタレン骨格を有するエポキシ化合物;
大日本インキ化学工業社製の商品名「HP-7200」、「HP-7200H」等のジシクロペンタジエン骨格を有するエポキシ化合物;
三菱化学社製の商品名「YL-933」、日本化薬社製の商品名「EPPN-501」「EPPN-502」等のトリスヒドロキシフェニルメタン型エポキシ化合物;
ダイセル化学工業社製の商品名「セロキサイド2011」、旭化成工業社製の商品名「アラルダイトCY175」、「アラルダイトCY179」、新日本理化社製の商品名「HBE-100」等の脂環式エポキシ化合物等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらエポキシ化合物は単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
分子内に2個以上のエポキシ基又はチイラン基を含有する化合物成分の使用量は、重合体組成物に含有される樹脂成分100質量部に対して0.1質量部~40質量部であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.5質量部~20質量部である。
その他の架橋性化合物としては、国際公開公報WO2016/047771の段落[0109]~[0113]に記載の、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基、若しくはシクロカーボネート基を有する化合物、又は、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び低級アルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を有する化合物の他、ブロックイソシアネート基を有する化合物等が挙げられる。
膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤およびノ二オン系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。具体的には、例えば、エフトップ(登録商標)301、EF303、EF352(トーケムプロダクツ社製)、メガファック(登録商標)F171、F173、R-30(DIC社製)、フロラードFC430、FC431(住友スリーエム社製)、アサヒガード(登録商標)AG710(旭硝子社製)、サーフロン(登録商標)S-382、SC101、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(AGCセイミケミカル社製)等が挙げられる。これらの界面活性剤の使用割合は、重合体組成物に含有される樹脂成分の100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01質量部~2質量部、より好ましくは0.01質量部~1質量部である。
液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物の具体例としては、次に示す官能性シラン含有化合物などが挙げられる。例えば、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)トリエチレンテトラミン、N-(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)トリエチレンテトラミン、10-トリメトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、10-トリエトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、9-トリメトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、9-トリエトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン等のアミノ系シラン含有化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、基板上に塗布、焼成した後、ラビング処理や光照射などで配向処理をして、又は一部の垂直配向用途などでは配向処理無しで液晶配向膜とすることができる。基板としては、例えばフロートガラス、ソーダガラスなどのガラス;ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリカーボネート、ポリ(脂環式オレフィン)、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)樹脂フィルム、ポリサルホン(PSF)、ポリエーテルサルホン(PES)、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、アクリル及びトリアセチルセルロースなどのプラスチックからなる透明基板を用いることができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤の塗布方法は特に限定されないが、スクリーン印刷、フレキソ印刷、オフセット印刷、インクジェット、ディップコーティング、ロールコーティング、スリットコーティング、スピンコーティングなどがあり、目的に応じてこれらを用いてもよい。これらの方法により基板上に塗布した後、ホットプレートなどの加熱手段により溶媒を蒸発させて、塗膜を形成させることができる。
ある実施形態において光照射による配向処理を行ってもよく、例えば上記の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、前記塗膜が液晶層と接触していない状態で又は液晶層と接触した状態で前記塗膜に光照射する工程とを含んでもよい。
基板間に液晶を挟持して液晶セルを構成するには、例えば以下の2つの方法を挙げることができる。第1の方法として、各液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して一対の基板を対向配置し、該一対の基板の周辺部をシール剤を用いて貼り合わせ、基板表面および適当なシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶を注入充填した後、注入孔を封止することにより、液晶セルを製造する方法を挙げることができる。
(光配向性モノマー)
MA-1は特許文献(WO2017/115790号)に記載の合成法にて合成した。
MA-2は英国特許GB2306470Bに記載の合成法にて合成した。
なお、MA-1に由来する側鎖は光配向性基1を有し、MA-2に由来する側鎖は光配向性基2を有する。
GMA:メタクリル酸グリシジル
MAA:メタクリル酸
A1~A3:それぞれ、下記式[A1]~[A3]で表される化合物
B1~B3:それぞれ、下記式[B1]~[B3]で表される化合物
D1:下記式[D1]で表される化合物
AIBN:アゾビスイソブチロニトリル
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
合成例におけるポリマーの分子量はセンシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200、Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)を用い以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃、溶離液:DMF(添加剤として、臭化リチウム一水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、THFが10ml/L)、流速:1.0mL/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
合成例におけるイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)1.0mLを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNW-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。なお下記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基のプロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
(合成例1)
MA-1(3.04g、6.00mmol)、MA-2(0.44g、1.00mmol)、GMA(0.57g、4.00mmol)及び、MAA(0.77g、9.00mmol)をNMP(28.2g)中に溶解し、ダイアフラムポンプで脱気を行った後、重合開始剤としてAIBN(0.16g、0.97mmol)を加え、再び脱気を行った。この後、窒素雰囲気下60℃で13時間反応させポリマー溶液を得た。
次いで、このポリマー溶液(4.0g)に、NMP(5.0g)、BCS(6.0g)を加え、室温にて撹拌することにより、ポリメタクリレート溶液(MP1)を得た。
このポリマーの数平均分子量は31,000、重量平均分子量は120,000であった。
表1に示す組成にて、合成例1と同様の方法を用いて、ポリメタクリレート溶液(MP2)~(MP3)を合成した。
(合成例4)
B1(1.22g、8.00mmol)、B2(1.45g、6.00mmol)、B3(2.28g、6.00mmol)及びA2(1.00g、4.00mmol)をNMP(29.2g)中に溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させたのち、A1(2.24g、11.4mmol)及びA3(0.87g、4.00mmol)とNMP(7.3g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させることで、固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1A)を得た。
得られたポリアミック酸溶液(10.0g)にNMP(20.0g)、BCS(20.0g)を加え、室温で2時間撹拌することにより、固形分濃度4.0質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)を得た。
(合成例5)
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1A)(15g)にNMPを加え固形分濃度6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(2.6g)及びピリジン(0.81g)を加え、75℃で2.5時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(210mL)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(E)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は75%であり、数平均分子量は12,400、重量平均分子量は42,500であった。
得られたポリイミド粉末(E)(2.0g)にNMP(14.7g)を加え、70℃にて20時間撹拌して溶解させた。この溶液にNMP(13.3g)、BCS(20.0g)を加え、室温で5時間撹拌することによりポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)を得た。
(実施例1)
合成例1で得られたポリメタクリレート溶液(MP1)(10.0g)に、D1(0.04g)を加え、室温にて撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(PM1)を得た。
合成例1で得られたポリメタクリレート溶液(MP1)(3.0g)に、合成例4で得られたポリアミック溶液(PAA-1)(7.0g)を加え、更にD1(0.04g)を加え、室温にて撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(PM2)を得た。
合成例1で得られたポリメタクリレート溶液(MP1)(3.0g)に、合成例5で得られたポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)(7.0g)を加え、更にD1(0.04g)を加え、室温にて撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(PM3)を得た。
合成例2で得られたポリメタクリレート溶液(MP2)(10.0g)に、D1(0.04g)を加え、室温にて撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(RPM1)を得た。
合成例3で得られたポリメタクリレート溶液(MP3)(10.0g)に、D1(0.04g)を加え、室温にて撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(RPM2)を得た。
合成例2で得られたポリメタクリレート溶液(MP2)(3.0g)に、合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)(7.0g)を加え、更にD1(0.04g)を加え、室温にて撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(RPM3)を得た。
合成例2で得られたポリメタクリレート溶液(MP2)(3.0g)に、合成例5で得られたポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)(7.0g)を加え、更にD1(0.04g)を加え、室温にて撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(RPM4)を得た。
実施例で得られた液晶配向剤(PM1)~(PM3)及び比較例で得られた液晶配向剤(RPM1)~(RPM4)を、それぞれ細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。
得られた溶液をITO膜からなる透明電極付きガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃のホットプレートで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
次いで、塗膜面に偏光板を介して、照射強度4.3mW/cm2の波長313nmの直線偏光紫外線を基板法線方向から40°傾斜した角度から50mJ/cm2照射し、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。直線偏光紫外線は高圧水銀ランプの紫外光に波長313nmのバンドパスフィルターを通した後、波長313nmの偏光板を通すことで調製した。
上記の基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜上に4μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、シール剤(三井化学社製、XN-1500T)を塗布した。次いで、もう一方の基板を、液晶配向膜面が向き合い配向方向が180°になるようにして張り合わせた後、120℃で90分間シール剤を熱硬化させることで空セルを作製した。この空セルに液晶(メルク社製、MLC-3022)を減圧注入法によって注入し、液晶表示素子を得た。
(液晶配向性)
上記で得られた液晶表示素子を120℃で1時間の等方相処理を行った後、偏光顕微鏡にてセル観察を行った。光抜けやドメイン発生などの配向不良が無い場合や液晶セルに電圧印加を行った際に均一な液晶の駆動が得られる場合を良好とした。評価結果を表2に示す。
上記で作製した液晶表示素子に、液晶セルのプレチルト角の測定は、Axometrics社製のAxoScanを用いて、ミューラーマトリックス法により測定した。評価結果を表2に示す。
上記でプレチルト角を測定した液晶表示素子に直流電圧を15V印加し、24時間後に再びプレチルト角を測定した。直流電圧を印加する前後でのプレチルト角から、プレチルト角変化量(Δpretilt)を求めた。評価結果を表2に示す。
Claims (12)
- 下記(A)成分及び溶媒を含有する液晶配向剤:
(A)成分:下記(A-1)~(A-4)の構造を有する重合体;
(A-1)カルボキシ基、アミノ基及びヒドロキシ基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有する構造;
(A-2)下記式(pa-1)(式中、Aは場合によりフッ素、塩素、シアノから選択される基によるか、又は炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル残基(これは、場合により1個のシアノ基又は1個以上のハロゲン原子で置換されている)で置換されている、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル、チオフェン-2,5-ジイル、フラン-2,5-ジイル、1,4-若しくは2,6-ナフチレン又はフェニレンを表し、R1は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R2は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、2価の複素環式基または2価の縮合環式基であり、R3は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R4は炭素数1~40の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基または脂環式基を含む炭素数3~40の1価の有機基であり、Dは、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は-NRd-(ここで、Rdは、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキルを表す)を表し、X及びYは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基を表し、aは0~3の整数であり、*は結合手を表す。aが2以上の場合、複数個のR1及びR2はそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。)で表される構造;
(A-3)オキセタニル基、オキシラニル基、下記式(3)で表される基、下記式(4)で表される基、下記式(5)で表される基及びチイラン基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の官能基を有する構造;
(A-4)下記式(pa-2)(式中、L1、L2、L3、はそれぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-又は-NH-CO-を表す;
Tは、単結合または炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Tが単結合であるときはL2も単結合を表す;
Y1は、2価のベンゼン環である;
P1及びQ1は、それぞれ独立にベンゼン環及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素環からなる群から選ばれる基である;
R11は、水素原子、-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、(炭素数1~5のアルキル)カルボニル基、炭素数3~7のシクロアルキル基又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基である。
Y1、P1及びQ1において、ベンゼン環に結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、(炭素数1~5のアルキル)カルボニル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されてもよい;
X1は、単結合、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表す;
n1は0、1または2である、
X1の数が2となるときは、X1同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Q1の数が2となるときは、Q1同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
破線は重合性基との結合手を表す。)で表される構造。
- 前記(A-2)が、下記式(b-1-m)(式中、Mcは第2の重合性基を表し、Mdは、単結合、(r2+1)価の複素環、(r2+1)価の炭素数1~10の直鎖状又は分岐状炭化水素基、(r2+1)価の芳香族基、及び(r2+1)価の脂環式基から選ばれる基であり、それぞれの基は無置換であるか又は一個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基、メチル基又はメトキシ基によって置換されていても良く、Sbは、単結合、炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基、2価の芳香族基又は2価の脂環式基を示し、Ibは式(pa-1)で表される基であり、r2は、1≦r2≦3を満たす整数である。)で表されるモノマー由来である請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(b-1-m)中の-Sb-Ibが下記式(pa-1-a)(式中、Sbは、式(b-1-m)中のSbと同じ定義であり、Zは酸素原子、または硫黄原子であり、Xa及びXbは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、R1は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R2は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、又は2価の複素環式基であり、R3は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R4は炭素数1~40の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基または脂環式基を含む炭素数3~40の1価の有機基であり、R5は炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、フッ素原子またはシアノ基であり、aは0~3の整数であり、bは0~4の整数である。aが2以上の場合、複数個のR1及びR2はそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。bが2以上の場合、複数個のR5はそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。)で表される光配向性を有する部位である、請求項2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記(A-4)が、下記式(d-1-m)(式中、Mfは第4の重合性基を表し、Mgは、単結合、(r3+1)価の複素環、(r3+1)価の炭素数1~10の直鎖状又は分岐状炭化水素基、(r3+1)価の芳香族基、及び(r3+1)価の脂環式基から選ばれる基であり、それぞれの基は無置換であるか又は一個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基、メチル基又はメトキシ基によって置換されていても良く、Sdは、単結合、炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基、2価の芳香族基又は2価の脂環式基を示し、Idは式(pa-2)で表される基であり、r3は、1≦r3≦3を満たす整数である。r3が2以上の場合、複数個のSd及びIdはそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。)で表されるモノマー由来である請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記(A)成分の重合体全体に対して、前記(A-1)の部位に由来するモノマーを20~94mol%の割合で含有し、前記(A-2)の部位に由来するモノマーを5~50mol%の割合で含有し、前記(A-3)の部位に由来するモノマーを1~30mol%の割合で含有し、前記(A-4)の部位に由来するモノマーを1~20mol%含有するモノマー成分から得られることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記(A)成分の重合体の重量平均分子量が、2,000~1,000,000であることを特徴とする、請求項1から請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1から請求項9のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を用いて形成された液晶配向膜。
- 請求項1から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、前記塗膜が液晶層と接触していない状態で又は液晶層と接触した状態で前記塗膜に光照射する工程と、を含む液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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| WO2018074546A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶素子及び重合体 |
| WO2018173647A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 液晶組成物、光学異方性層、光学積層体および画像表示装置 |
| WO2019202884A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶素子、重合体及び化合物 |
| WO2020095516A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-14 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤及びその製造方法、液晶配向膜並びに液晶素子 |
| WO2020208884A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-15 | Jsr株式会社 | 膜形成用組成物、硬化膜及び位相差フィルム |
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| WO2018074546A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶素子及び重合体 |
| WO2018173647A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 液晶組成物、光学異方性層、光学積層体および画像表示装置 |
| WO2019202884A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶素子、重合体及び化合物 |
| WO2020095516A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-14 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤及びその製造方法、液晶配向膜並びに液晶素子 |
| WO2020208884A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-15 | Jsr株式会社 | 膜形成用組成物、硬化膜及び位相差フィルム |
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