WO2023130652A1 - 一种阻燃木材及其制备方法、金属卤化物的用途 - Google Patents

一种阻燃木材及其制备方法、金属卤化物的用途 Download PDF

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WO2023130652A1
WO2023130652A1 PCT/CN2022/095435 CN2022095435W WO2023130652A1 WO 2023130652 A1 WO2023130652 A1 WO 2023130652A1 CN 2022095435 W CN2022095435 W CN 2022095435W WO 2023130652 A1 WO2023130652 A1 WO 2023130652A1
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Prior art keywords
wood
solution
flame
preparation
halide
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PCT/CN2022/095435
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈文帅
凌盛杰
高森
李勍
任婧
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东北林业大学
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Priority to US18/206,897 priority Critical patent/US20240091980A1/en
Publication of WO2023130652A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023130652A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
    • B27K3/0292—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving fixation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B27K3/0214—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/18—Compounds of alkaline earth metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/20—Compounds of alkali metals or ammonium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/22—Compounds of zinc or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/30—Fireproofing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fire retardant wood, in particular to a fire retardant wood, a preparation method thereof, and the use of metal halides.
  • wood As a natural and renewable material, wood is favored by the general public because of its beautiful color, luster and texture. However, due to its high flammability, it poses a huge threat to the safety of people's lives and property.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flame-retardant wood, its preparation method, and the use of metal halides, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing flame-retardant wood, which comprises the following steps: impregnating the wood with a salt solution.
  • a drying step is also included.
  • the concentration of the salt solution is 1wt%-50wt%.
  • the solvent in the saline solution in this application is water.
  • the salt in the salt solution is a metal halide.
  • the metal halide is selected from one or more of calcium halide, zinc halide, lithium halide, magnesium halide and sodium halide. More preferably, the metal halide is selected from one or more of calcium chloride, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, sodium iodide and lithium iodide. Most preferably, the metal halide is selected from calcium chloride, lithium chloride and magnesium chloride.
  • the impregnation is carried out under vacuum condition, and the vacuum condition is maintained for 1 h to 20 h.
  • the wood with smaller size and thinner thickness has shorter processing time, and vice versa, the processing time is longer.
  • the vacuum treatment is performed several times, and there is a treatment time period under atmospheric pressure between two adjacent vacuum treatments.
  • the treatment time is 1 to 5 minutes under the condition of atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric conditions for shorter periods of time facilitate impregnation of the solution.
  • the vacuum treatment with multiple intervals enables the metal halide aqueous solution to be better filled into the interior of the wood.
  • the number of vacuum treatments is 1-50 times.
  • the wood is selected from wood of broad-leaved trees, which are suitable for construction engineering or decorative wood for furniture. Specifically, such as poplar and paulownia.
  • drying is carried out at normal temperature and pressure.
  • the drying temperature is 20-30°C.
  • the invention also discloses a flame-retardant wood obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.
  • the invention also discloses the use of the metal halide as a flame retardant for treating wood to form fire-resistant wood.
  • the metal halide is one or more selected from calcium halide, zinc halide, magnesium halide, lithium halide and sodium halide. More preferably, the metal halide is selected from one or more of calcium chloride, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, sodium iodide and lithium iodide. Most preferably, the metal halide is selected from calcium chloride, lithium chloride and magnesium chloride.
  • the preparation method of the present invention has less influence on the color and texture of wood before and after flame retardant treatment
  • the flame-retardant wood obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has a strong flame-retardant effect, wherein the limiting oxygen index of FR-wood (specific embodiment 1) can reach 100%, and the peak heat release rate and smoke release rate are respectively reduced by 80% % and 93%;
  • the preparation method of the present invention can realize large-scale preparation of flame-retardant wood.
  • the present invention injects low-cost metal halides into the wood, and obtains wood with high flame-retardant ability that retains natural color and texture.
  • This fire-resistant wood is very suitable for decorative environments and is expected to It has been applied in many fields such as furniture, construction, shipbuilding, and ancient wood preservation.
  • Fig. 1 is the appearance photograph of the FR-wood that embodiment 1 obtains.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the flame retardant effect of FR-wood obtained in Example 1.
  • Figure 3 shows the flame retardant effect of wood treated with different metal halides compared with natural wood.
  • Fig. 4 is the flame retardant mechanism of the FR-wood of embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 5 is the three-point bending test effect of FR-wood in Example 1 and wood R-wood not treated in Example 1.
  • Fig. 6 is the compression test effect of FR-wood in Example 1 and wood R-wood not treated in Example 1.
  • Fig. 7 is the tensile test effect of FR-wood in Example 1 and wood R-wood not treated in Example 1.
  • Fig. 8 shows the peak heat release rate of the flame-retardant wood obtained by implementing Examples 1-3 under the conditions of 25.4°C and 13.2RH%.
  • Fig. 9 shows the total heat release of flame-retardant wood obtained by implementing Examples 1-3 under the conditions of 25.4°C and 13.2RH%.
  • Fig. 10 is the smoke release peak value of the flame-retardant wood obtained by implementing Examples 1-3 under the conditions of 25.4°C and 13.2RH%.
  • Fig. 11 shows the total smoke emission of the flame-retardant wood obtained by implementing Examples 1-3 under the conditions of 25.4°C and 13.2RH%.
  • the methods of obtaining flame-retardant wood in the prior art cannot meet the requirements for the use of wood for decoration.
  • the applicant unexpectedly discovered that the flame-retardant wood obtained by impregnating wood with an aqueous solution of metal halides can play a good flame-retardant effect and will not affect the color and texture of natural wood.
  • the flame retardant wood is very suitable for furniture decorative wood.
  • the wood used in the examples of the present application is poplar.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured calcium chloride solution with 20wt%, stir to make the solution colorless and transparent, and can be cooled in an ice bath until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • step b wood impregnation: all wood is soaked in the calcium chloride solution gained in step a;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood-impregnated solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 20 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 3 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take out the wood-impregnated solution obtained in step c from the vacuum box, keep it at normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.
  • the flame-retardant wood obtained in this example is coded as FR-wood, and its appearance photo is shown in Figure 1. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the color and texture of the wood have not changed in any way, and still maintain the natural color of wood.
  • the natural wood burned in a large area after being treated under the flame at 1300 °C for 20s and leaving the flame.
  • FR-wood was treated under the flame of 1300°C for 20s and then left the flame, the flame extinguished within 1s and left a dense carbon layer on the surface; after being treated under the flame of 1300°C for 45s and then left the flame, the flame was extinguished within 3s And left a dense carbon layer on the surface; after 1300 °C flame treatment for 90s and then leave the flame, the flame extinguished within 4s and left a dense carbon layer on the surface.
  • the ignition time of natural wood is 6s, and the ignition time of FR-wood is 19s, as shown in Figure 2c.
  • the oxygen index of FR-wood can reach 100% in the LOI test, while the oxygen index of natural wood is only 20%.
  • the peak heat release rate and smoke release rate of the flame-retardant wood prepared in this example were reduced by 80% and 93%, respectively, and the total heat release and total smoke release were respectively reduced 61% and 96%, specifically as shown in Fig. 2e.
  • FIG. 4a corresponds to the TG-MS diagram of natural wood
  • Figure 4b corresponds to the TG-MS diagram of FR-wood. The specific mechanism is explained as follows:
  • the dehydration of natural wood and FR-wood is divided into two stages, the first stage is the removal of free water, and the second stage is the removal of bound water.
  • the most intense temperature for free water removal of natural wood is 143°C, and the most intense temperature for free water removal of FR-wood is at 187°C. This phenomenon shows that compared with natural wood, the removal of free water in FR-wood is faster Difficult, better water retention. At the same time, water is a typical flame retardant, and better water retention means better flame retardancy.
  • the second stage corresponds to the pyrolysis of wood components into charcoal.
  • the most severe dehydration temperature of natural wood in the second stage is 395 °C, and FR-wood corresponds to 305 °C, indicating that FR-wood reduces the temperature of wood component pyrolysis , a dense carbon layer is formed in advance to block a large amount of external heat, and slow down the pyrolysis of the wood components below the carbon layer.
  • the charcoal layer can isolate air and heat conduction, prevent the volatilization of combustible gas, protect the wood substrate, and achieve the purpose of flame retardancy.
  • Fig. 5 shows the three-point bending test effect of FR-wood in Example 1 of the present application and wood R-wood not treated in Example 1.
  • the sample size used in the three-point bending test is 10cm (length) ⁇ 1cm (width) ⁇ 0.8cm (height).
  • the test method for the three-point bending test in this application is GB/T 9341-2008.
  • Figure 6 shows the compression test effect of FR-wood in Example 1 of the present application and wood R-wood not treated in Example 1.
  • the sample size used in the tensile test is 4cm (length) ⁇ 2cm (width) ⁇ 1cm (height).
  • the test method for the compression test in this application is GB 13022-91.
  • Figure 7 shows the tensile test effect of FR-wood in Example 1 of the present application and wood R-wood not treated in Example 1.
  • the size of the sample used in the tensile test is 15 cm (length) ⁇ 1 cm (width) ⁇ 0.4 cm (height).
  • the test method during the tensile test in this application is GB/T1041-92.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured calcium chloride solution with 30wt%, stir to make the solution colorless and transparent, ice bath cooling until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the calcium chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 20 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated twice;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take out the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c from the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for more than 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured calcium chloride solution with 10wt%, stir to make the solution colorless and transparent, ice bath cooling until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the calcium chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take out the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c from the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for more than 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured calcium chloride solution with 5wt%, stir to make the solution colorless and transparent, ice bath cooling until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the calcium chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take out the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c from the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for more than 2 hours.
  • Zinc chloride and distilled water are configured with 20wt% zinc chloride solution, stirred to make the solution colorless and transparent, cooled in an ice bath until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the zinc chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 20 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated twice;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take out the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c from the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for more than 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution configure lithium chloride solution with lithium chloride and distilled water at 30wt%, stir to make the solution colorless and transparent, and cool in an ice bath until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the lithium chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 10 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 5 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take out the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c from the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for more than 2 hours.
  • Example 1 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the metal halide used to configure the solution in step a is calcium bromide, and other preparation steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the metal halide used to prepare the solution in step a is zinc bromide, and other preparation steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • the oxygen index of the flame-retardant wood obtained in Examples 1-8 is shown in Figure 3, which was tested at LOI according to the ISO 4589 test method.
  • the preparation methods in Examples 1-8 are all carried out under the conditions of a temperature of 25° C. and a humidity of 65%.
  • the results of the peak heat release rate reduction percentage, peak smoke release rate reduction percentage, total heat release reduction percentage and total smoke release percentage reduction of the flame-retardant wood obtained in Examples 1-8 are shown in the table below.
  • PHRR is the peak heat release rate, which is the maximum value of HRR during the combustion process of the sample. The larger the value of PHRR, the greater the possibility of fire occurrence.
  • HRR is the heat release rate, which refers to the heat released by the combustion of materials per unit time under specified test conditions. The larger the HRR, the more heat is fed back from the combustion to the surface of the material.
  • THR is the total heat release.
  • PSPR is the peak heat release rate, which is the maximum value of the SPR of the sample during combustion.
  • SPR is the smoke release rate, which refers to the amount of smoke produced by the combustion of materials per unit time under specified test conditions, and is used to evaluate the smoke release behavior of materials during combustion.
  • TSP is the total smoke delivery.
  • the flame-retardant wood was prepared according to the specific implementation methods in Examples 1-3, and then the properties of the prepared fire-retardant wood were tested.
  • the test results are shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10. and shown in Figure 11. It can be seen from Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 that with the increase of calcium chloride concentration, the flame retardancy of wood gradually improves, and although there is no obvious difference in smoke suppression ability, they are all at a very high level. level. But found out. When the concentration of calcium chloride reaches 30wt%, the color of the wood surface changes significantly, and the decorative performance becomes poor. To sum up, the concentration of 20wt% calcium chloride solution was selected as the optimum concentration for treating wood.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured calcium chloride solution with 20wt%, stir to make the solution colorless and transparent, ice bath cooling until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the calcium chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c out of the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured with 20wt% magnesium chloride solution, stirred to make the solution colorless and transparent, cooled in an ice bath until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the magnesium chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c out of the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured with 20wt% lithium chloride solution, stirred to make the solution colorless and transparent, cooled in an ice bath until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the lithium chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c out of the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured with 20wt% zinc chloride solution, stirred so that the solution is colorless and transparent, cooled in an ice bath until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the zinc chloride solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c out of the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured calcium bromide solution with 20wt%, stirring makes the solution colorless and transparent, ice bath cooling until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is soaked in the calcium bromide solution obtained in step a, to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c out of the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured with 20wt% zinc bromide solution, stirred to make the solution colorless and transparent, cooled in an ice bath until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is immersed in the zinc bromide solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c out of the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured sodium iodide solution with 20wt%, stirring makes the solution colorless and transparent, ice bath cooling until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • wood impregnation all the wood is soaked in the sodium iodide solution obtained in step a, to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c out of the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.
  • a, configuration solution calcium chloride and distilled water are configured with 20wt% lithium iodide solution, stirred to make the solution colorless and transparent, cooled in an ice bath until the solution temperature is room temperature;
  • Wood impregnation soak all the wood in the lithium iodide solution obtained in step a to obtain a wood impregnation solution;
  • Vacuum treatment put the wood impregnating solution obtained in step b into a vacuum box to evacuate, and release the vacuum every 5 hours to allow the solution to fill the inside of the wood. This process is repeated 10 times;
  • step d Drying at room temperature: Take the wood impregnation solution obtained in step c out of the vacuum box, keep it under normal pressure for more than 1 min, take out the wood in the solution, and dry it at normal temperature and pressure for 2 hours.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种阻燃木材及其制备方法、卤化物的用途。所述阻燃木材的制备方法包括采用盐溶液对木材进行浸渍。本发明将价格低廉的金属卤化物注入木材内部，获得了保留天然颜色和纹理且具有高阻燃能力的木材，这种阻燃木材非常适合用于起到装饰性作用的环境中，有望在家具、建筑、造船、古木保存等多个领域得到应用。

Description

一种阻燃木材及其制备方法、金属卤化物的用途 技术领域
本发明涉及木材阻燃技术领域，特别是涉及一种阻燃木材及其制备方法、金属卤化物的用途。
背景技术
木材作为一种天然可再生材料，因其美丽的颜色、光泽和纹理，深受广大人民的青睐。但由于其高度易燃，给人民的生命财产安全造成了巨大的威胁。
目前，对木材的阻燃处理存在很多问题。一是阻燃剂价格昂贵，且对木材的阻燃处理工序复杂，难以大面积应用；二是阻燃效果不好，无法阻止火焰扩散；三是阻燃剂的添加严重影响了天然木材的视觉、触觉特性，限制了木材作为装饰材料的应用。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种阻燃木材及其制备方法、金属卤化物的用途，用于解决现有技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案获得的。
本发明提供一种阻燃木材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：采用盐溶液对木材进行浸渍。
还包括干燥步骤。
优选地，所述盐溶液的浓度为1wt％～50wt％。本申请中的盐溶液中的溶剂为水。
优选地，所述盐溶液中的盐为金属卤化物。
更优选地，所述金属卤化物选自卤化钙、卤化锌、卤化锂、卤化镁和卤化钠中的一种或多种。更优选地，所述金属卤化物选自氯化钙、氯化锂、氯化镁、氯化锌、溴化钙、溴化锌、碘化钠和碘化锂中的一种或多种。最优选地，所述金属卤化物选自氯化钙、氯化锂和氯化镁。
优选地，所述浸渍时在真空条件下进行，真空条件保持时间为1h～20h。尺寸比较小、厚度比较薄的木材处理时间短，反之处理时间长。更优选地，真空处理若干次，且相邻的两次真空处理之间设有大气压条件下处理时间段。大气压条件下处理时间为1～5min。较短时间的大气压条件处理有助于溶液的浸渍。采用多个间隔的真空条件处理使得金属卤化物水溶液能够更好的填充至木材内部。
更优选地，所述真空处理次数为1～50次。
优选地，所述木材选自阔叶树的木材，其适用于建筑工程或家具装饰性木材。具体如杨 木、桐木。
优选地，干燥在常温常压下进行。优选地，干燥温度为20～30℃。
本发明还公开了一种如上述所述的制备方法获得的阻燃木材。
本发明还公开了一种金属卤化物作为阻燃剂用于处理木材形成阻燃木材的用途。
优选地，所述金属卤化物为选自卤化钙、卤化锌、卤化镁、卤化锂和卤化钠中的一种或多种。更优选地，所述金属卤化物选自氯化钙、氯化锂、氯化镁、氯化锌、溴化钙、溴化锌、碘化钠和碘化锂中的一种或多种。最优选地，所述金属卤化物选自氯化钙、氯化锂和氯化镁。
本发明上述技术方案的有益效果为：
1)本发明阻燃木材的制备方法中原料廉价易得，制备方法简单，操作方便，易于批量化生产；
2)本发明制备方法在阻燃处理前后对木材颜色和纹理影响较小；
3)本发明制备方法得到的阻燃木材具有极强的阻燃效果，其中FR-wood(具体实施方式一)极限氧指数可达到100％，热释放速率峰值和烟释放速率峰值分别降低了80％和93％；
4)本发明制备方法可实现阻燃木材的大尺寸制备。
总之，本发明将价格低廉的金属卤化物注入木材内部，获得了保留天然颜色和纹理且具有高阻燃能力的木材，这种阻燃木材非常适合用于起到装饰性作用的环境中，有望在家具、建筑、造船、古木保存等多个领域得到应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1获得的FR-wood的外观照片。
图2为实施例1获得的FR-wood的阻燃效果图。
图3为相比于天然木材，不同金属卤化物处理后木材的阻燃效果。
图4为实施例1的FR-wood的阻燃机理。
图5为实施例1中的FR-wood与未经实施例1处理的木材R-wood的三点弯曲测试效果。
图6为实施例1中的FR-wood与未经实施例1处理的木材R-wood的压缩测试效果。
图7为实施例1中的FR-wood与未经实施例1处理的木材R-wood的拉伸测试效果。
图8为在25.4℃，13.2RH％的条件下实施实施例1～3获得的阻燃木材的热释放速率峰值。
图9为在25.4℃，13.2RH％的条件下实施实施例1～3获得的阻燃木材的总热释放量。
图10为在25.4℃，13.2RH％的条件下实施实施例1～3获得的阻燃木材的烟释放峰值。
图11为在25.4℃，13.2RH％的条件下实施实施例1～3获得的阻燃木材的总烟释放量。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
在进一步描述本发明具体实施方式之前，应理解，本发明的保护范围不局限于下述特定的具体实施方案；还应当理解，本发明实施例中使用的术语是为了描述特定的具体实施方案，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的试验方法，通常按照常规条件，或者按照各制造商所建议的条件。
当实施例给出数值范围时，应理解，除非本发明另有说明，每个数值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间任何一个数值均可选用。除非另外定义，本发明中使用的所有技术和科学术语与本技术领域技术人员通常理解的意义相同。除实施例中使用的具体方法、设备、材料外，根据本技术领域的技术人员对现有技术的掌握及本发明的记载，还可以使用与本发明实施例中所述的方法、设备、材料相似或等同的现有技术的任何方法、设备和材料来实现本发明。
本申请中申请人发现对于装饰性木材，希望美观且安全实用，这就要求经处理后的木材保留有天然木材的视觉、触觉特点，并且能够具有良好的阻燃效果。
现有技术中阻燃木材的获得方式不能满足用于装饰作用的木材的使用要求。而申请人意外发现采用金属卤化物的水溶液对木材进行浸渍处理后获得的阻燃木材，就能够起到良好的阻燃作用，并且不会影响天然木材的颜色、纹理，采用这种处理方式获得的阻燃木材非常适合用于家具装饰性木材。
本申请实施例中用的木材均为杨木。
实施例1
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置氯化钙溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，可冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化钙溶液中；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的浸渍有木材的溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔20h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复3次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的浸渍有木材的溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
将本实施例中得到的阻燃木材编号为FR-wood，其外观照片如图1所示，由图1可以看出，木材的颜色和纹理并没有发生任何变化，仍然保持有木质本色。
为了检测阻燃木材的阻燃性能，申请人做了如下实验进行检测。
如图2a所示，在1300℃火焰下处理20s后离开火焰，天然木材发生了大面积燃烧。相反，FR-wood于1300℃火焰下处理20s然后离开火焰后，火焰在1s内熄灭并在表面留下了致密的碳层；于1300℃火焰下处理45s然后离开火焰后，火焰在3s内熄灭并在表面留下了致密的碳层；于1300℃火焰下处理90s然后离开火焰后，火焰在4s内熄灭并在表面留下了致密的碳层。
如图2b所示，根据ISO 5660-1锥形量热仪测试方法，天然木材的点燃时间为6s，FR-wood点燃时间为19s，具体如图2c所示。同时，FR-wood根据ISO 4589测试方法在LOI测试中氧指数可达到100％，而天然木材氧指数仅为20％。根据ISO 5660-1锥形量热仪测试方法，本实施例中制备的阻燃木材热释放速率峰值和烟释放速率峰值分别降低了80％和93％，总热释放和总烟释放分别降低了61％和96％，具体如图2e所示。
通过TG-MS分析可得FR-wood的阻燃机理，图4a对应的是天然木材的TG-MS图，图4b对应的是FR-wood的TG-MS图，具体机理阐释如下：
1)脱水：
天然木材和FR-wood的脱水分为两个阶段，第一阶段为自由水的脱除，第二阶段为结合水的脱除。天然木材的自由水脱除最剧烈的温度为143℃，FR-wood自由水的脱除最剧烈的温度在187℃，此现象说明相比于天然木材，FR-wood自由水的脱除更为困难，保水性更好。同时水作为典型的阻燃剂，保水性更好意味着阻燃性越好。第二阶段的对应着木材组分的热解成炭，天然木材第二阶段脱水最剧烈的温度为395℃，FR-wood对应着305℃，说明FR-wood降低了木材组分热解的温度，提前形成了致密炭层阻隔外界大量热量，减缓了碳层下方木材组分的热解。
2)气相稀释作用：
FR-wood燃烧会产生大量不可燃气体H 2O、SO 2、CO 2等，这些气体的释放会稀释周围环境中氧气和气态可燃物，同时不可燃气体还有一定的散热降温作用，进而阻止燃烧。
3)凝聚相隔绝作用：
CaCl 2遇高温会生成少量无机酸，该无机酸会使木材脱水，同时在Ca 2+的催化作用下，促进木材交联形成多孔致密炭层。该炭层可隔绝空气和热传导，防止可燃气体的挥发，保护木材基体，达到阻燃的目的。
4)自由基猝灭：
天然木材在燃烧时会产生大量可燃性自由基，该自由基又与可燃气体反应生成新的可燃性自由基，源源不断的为火焰提供燃料，导致链式反应，从而传播火焰。FR-wood 在燃烧时可产生反应性较低的Cl·自由基，拥有捕捉可燃性自由基的能力，继而中止链式反应。
图5显示为本申请实施例1中的FR-wood与未经实施例1处理的木材R-wood的三点弯曲测试效果。其中三点弯曲测试时采用的样品尺寸为10cm(长)×1cm(宽)×0.8cm(高)，。本申请中三点弯曲测试时的测试方法为GB/T 9341-2008。
图6显示为本申请实施例1中的FR-wood与未经实施例1处理的木材R-wood的压缩测试效果。其中拉伸测试时采用的样品尺寸为4cm(长)×2cm(宽)×1cm(高)。本申请中压缩测试时的测试方法为GB 13022-91。
图7显示为本申请实施例1中的FR-wood与未经实施例1处理的木材R-wood的拉伸测试效果。其中拉伸测试时采用的样品尺寸为15cm(长)×1cm(宽)×0.4cm(高)。本申请中拉伸测试时的测试方法为GB/T1041-92。
从图5、图6和图7可以看出，FR-wood在未发生燃烧时力学性能和R-wood十分相近，随着燃烧时间的增大，R-wood力学性能下降明显，甚至在较长的燃烧时间下无法自身支撑。然而FR-wood在燃烧过程中力学性能的下降相对缓慢，在火焰处理下显示出了相对较强的力学性能。
实施例2
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以30wt％配置氯化钙溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化钙溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔20h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复2次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h以上。
实施例3
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以10wt％配置氯化钙溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化钙溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h以上。
实施例4
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以5wt％配置氯化钙溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化钙溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h以上。
实施例5
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化锌和蒸馏水以20wt％配置氯化锌溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化锌溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔20h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复2次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h以上。
实施例6
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化锂和蒸馏水以30wt％配置氯化锂溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化锂溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔10h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复5次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h以上。
实施例7
本实施方式与实施例1不同的是步骤a配置溶液所用的金属卤化物为溴化钙，其他制备步骤与具实施例1相同。
实施例8
本实施方式与实施例1不同的是步骤a配置溶液所用的金属卤化物为溴化锌，其他制备步骤与实施例1相同。
实施例1～8中获得的阻燃木材的氧指数如图3所示，为根据ISO 4589测试方法在LOI测试。
本申请中，实施例1～8中的制备方法均是在温度为25℃，湿度为65％的条件下实施的。实施例1～8中获得的阻燃木材的热释放速率峰值降低百分率、烟释放速率峰值降低百分率、总热释放降低百分率和总烟释放降低百分率的结果如下表所示。
本申请中，PHRR为热释放速率峰值，样品在燃烧过程中HRR的最大值，PHRR的值越大，代表着火灾发生的可能性越大。HRR为热释放速率，是指在规定的试验条件下，在单位时间内材料燃烧所释放的热量。HRR越大，燃烧反馈给材料表面的热量就越多。
本申请中，THR为总热释放量。
本申请中，PSPR为热释放速率峰值，是样品在燃烧过程中SPR的最大值。SPR是烟释放速率，是指在规定的试验条件下，在单位时间内材料燃烧所产生的烟量，用来评价材料在燃烧时的烟释放行为。
本申请中，TSP为总烟释放量。
Figure PCTCN2022095435-appb-000001
在25.4℃和13.2RH％下，按照实施例1～3中的具体实施方式制备获得阻燃木材，然后再对制备的阻燃木材的性能进行测试，测试结果如图8、图9、图10和图11所示。由图8、图9、图10和图11可看出，随着氯化钙浓度的增大，木材的阻燃性能逐渐提升，抑烟能力虽然 无明显差别，但是都处在一个非常高的水平。但是发现。当氯化钙浓度到达30wt％时，木材表面颜色变化明显，装饰性能变差。综上所述，选择了20wt％氯化钙溶液浓度作为处理木材的最优浓度。
实施例9
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置氯化钙溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化钙溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
实施例10
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置氯化镁溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化镁溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
实施例11
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置氯化锂溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化锂溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
实施例12
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置氯化锌溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得氯化锌溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
实施例13
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置溴化钙溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得溴化钙溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
实施例14
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置溴化锌溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得溴化锌溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
实施例15
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置碘化钠溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得碘化钠溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
实施例16
本实施例中阻燃木材的制备方法如下：
a、配置溶液：将氯化钙和蒸馏水以20wt％配置碘化锂溶液，搅拌使得溶液无色透明，冰浴冷却直至溶液温度为室温；
b、木材浸渍：将木材全部浸泡于步骤a所得碘化锂溶液中，得到木材浸渍溶液；
c、真空处理：将步骤b得到的木材浸渍溶液放入真空箱内抽真空，每间隔5h释放一次真空，让溶液填充至木材内部，该过程重复10次；
d、室温干燥：将步骤c得到的木材浸渍溶液从真空箱中取出，常压下保持1min以上，取出溶液中的木材，于常温常压下干燥2h。
Figure PCTCN2022095435-appb-000002
从上表可看出，金属卤化物中CaCl 2、MgCl 2、LiCl、CaBr 2处理木材后的阻燃抑烟效果较为突出。然而ZnBr 2、NaI、LiI处理木材后，虽然阻燃性提升较高，抑烟能力却提升相对较少。需要特殊说明的是，ZnCl 2处理后的木材阻燃性能提升，但抑烟能力变差。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技 术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种阻燃木材的制备方法，采用盐溶液对木材进行浸渍。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括干燥步骤；和/或，所述盐溶液的浓度为1wt％～50wt％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述盐溶液中的盐为金属卤化物。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属卤化物选自卤化钙、卤化锌、卤化锂、卤化镁和卤化钠中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属卤化物选自氯化钙、氯化锂、氯化镁、氯化锌、溴化钙、溴化锌、碘化钠和碘化锂中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述浸渍时在真空条件下进行。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，真空条件保持时间为1h～20h；和/或，真空处理若干次，且相邻的两次真空处理之间设有大气压条件下处理时间段。
  8. 一种如权利要求1～7任一项所述的制备方法获得的阻燃木材。
  9. 一种金属卤化物作为阻燃剂用于处理木材形成阻燃木材的用途。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的用途，其特征在于，所述金属卤化物为所述金属卤化物为选自卤化钙、卤化锌、卤化镁、卤化锂和卤化钠中的一种或多种。
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