WO2023112220A1 - Dispositif de conversion de puissance - Google Patents

Dispositif de conversion de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023112220A1
WO2023112220A1 PCT/JP2021/046339 JP2021046339W WO2023112220A1 WO 2023112220 A1 WO2023112220 A1 WO 2023112220A1 JP 2021046339 W JP2021046339 W JP 2021046339W WO 2023112220 A1 WO2023112220 A1 WO 2023112220A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
power supply
voltage
circuit
electric motor
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Application number
PCT/JP2021/046339
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
圭介 早坂
哲 重田
遼一 稲田
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日立Astemo株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2021/046339 priority Critical patent/WO2023112220A1/fr
Publication of WO2023112220A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023112220A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power converter.
  • Vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles are equipped with power converters that control electric motors.
  • a power conversion device converts DC power supplied from a DC power supply into AC power by an inverter, and outputs the AC power to a motor. Also, when the motor is rotated by an external force, the motor functions as a generator and converts AC power into DC power.
  • the gate drive circuit that drives the switching elements that make up the inverter is powered by DC power. Requires a DC power supply.
  • Patent Document 1 describes an inverter system for driving a multiphase motor, which includes an AC motor that is driven by an inverter and generates power, and a power supply connected to the neutral point of the AC motor.
  • Patent Document 1 when the supplied DC power drops, power is not supplied to the gate drive circuit, and the switching element cannot be controlled appropriately.
  • a power conversion apparatus includes at least one switching leg composed of an upper arm switching element and a lower arm switching element, and a DC power supplied from a DC power supply is converted into AC power by the switching leg to generate a motor.
  • a gate drive circuit for driving the switching element;
  • a gate power supply section for generating gate power to be supplied to the gate drive circuit based on the DC power; and a backup from the neutral point voltage of the motor.
  • a backup power supply section for generating power, wherein the backup power supply section supplies the backup power supply to the gate drive circuit in place of the gate power supply when the DC power drops.
  • FIG. 1 It is a circuit block diagram of a power converter device.
  • (A) and (B) are diagrams showing an armature of an electric motor.
  • (A) and (B) are timing charts of the rotation speed of the electric motor and the power supply line voltage in the present embodiment.
  • (A) and (B) are timing charts of the number of revolutions of an electric motor and the voltage between power supply lines in a comparative example.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a power converter 100.
  • Power converter 100 converts high voltage DC power supplied from high voltage DC power supply 200 through high voltage contactor 300 into AC power to drive electric motor 400 . Further, when the electric motor 400 is rotated by an external force and functions as a generator, the power conversion device 100 converts the generated AC power into high voltage DC power to charge the high voltage DC power supply 200 .
  • High-voltage DC power supply 200 is, for example, a rechargeable battery.
  • a high voltage is, for example, a voltage exceeding 60 V direct current and 1,500 V or less, or a voltage exceeding 30 V alternating current (rms value) and 1,000 V (rms value) or less.
  • the motor 400 is a three-phase synchronous motor with three-phase windings inside. Three-phase AC currents Ui, Vi, and Wi output from the power conversion device 100 flow through the windings of each phase of the electric motor 400 . Further, the neutral point voltage of the electric motor 400 is input to the power converter 100 via the neutral line L in order to utilize the voltage fluctuation of the neutral point voltage of the electric motor 400 .
  • the neutral point voltage of the electric motor 400 will be described using the voltage at the neutral point of the armature of the electric motor 400 as an example, but it may be the voltage at the intermediate point of the windings of the armature of the electric motor 400 .
  • the low-voltage DC power supply 500 supplies operating power to the control circuit 101 in the power converter 100 .
  • the external ECU 600 performs operation instructions to the power converter 100 and switching control of conduction/interruption (ON/OFF) of the high-voltage contactor 300 .
  • the high-voltage contactor 300 is a switching device that switches conduction/interruption of the high-voltage DC power from the high-voltage DC power supply 200 to the power converter 100 .
  • the power converter 100 includes a control circuit 101 , a control power supply section 102 , a voltage discharge circuit 103 and a backup power supply section 104 .
  • the backup power supply section 104 includes a gate power supply section 105 , a rectifier circuit 106 , an inverter circuit 107 and a gate drive circuit 108 .
  • control circuit 101 When the control circuit 101 receives a normal operation command from the external ECU 600, it controls the operation of the inverter circuit 107 via the gate drive circuit 108, and converts the DC power supplied from the high-voltage DC power supply 200 into AC power. to drive and control the electric motor 400 . In addition, so-called regenerative control is performed to convert the AC power generated by the electric motor 400 into DC power and charge the high-voltage DC power supply 200 .
  • the control circuit 101 shifts to the high voltage safe state.
  • the voltage discharge circuit 103 performs high voltage power discharge between the positive power line P and the negative power line N, and further controls the operation of the inverter circuit 107 through the gate drive circuit 108. Then, the inverter circuit 107 is short-circuited in three phases of the lower arm or the three phases of the upper arm.
  • the control power supply unit 102 generates power for the control circuit 101 using the low voltage DC power supplied from the low voltage DC power supply 500 .
  • the gate power supply unit 105 is composed of, for example, an insulated DC-DC converter.
  • high voltage contactor 300 When high voltage contactor 300 is turned on on the vehicle side and high voltage DC power is supplied to power converter 100 , this high voltage DC power is used to generate power for gate drive circuit 108 . Further, even if the high-voltage contactor 300 is turned off, a backup power supply is generated due to fluctuations in the neutral point voltage of the electric motor 400, although the details will be described later.
  • the rectifier circuit 106 is composed of a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, and a capacitor C1.
  • the high voltage contactor 300 is ON and the high voltage DC power supply 200 is supplied, the high voltage DC power is supplied to the gate power supply unit 105 by the first diode D1 and the fourth diode D4, and the gate power supply unit 105 uses this high voltage DC power to generate a power supply for gate drive circuit 108 .
  • the rectifier circuit 106 full-wave rectifies the neutral point voltage oscillating positively and negatively with reference to the negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply when the inverter circuit 107 is three-phase short-circuited. That is, when the voltage of the neutral line L is low, a current flows from the positive power supply line P of the inverter circuit 107 to the gate power supply unit 105 through the first diode D1, and the gate power supply through the second diode D2. A current flows from the portion 105 to the neutral wire L.
  • the inverter circuit 107 has a smoothing capacitor C2 and six switching elements S1 to S6.
  • a smoothing capacitor C2 is provided between the positive power line P and the negative power line N.
  • switching legs Ru, Rv, and Rw for three phases are connected between the positive power line P and the negative power line N.
  • Each switching leg Ru, Rv, Rw is composed of switching elements S1, S3, S5 of the upper arm Ua and switching elements S2, S4, S6 of the lower arm La.
  • the switching elements S1 to S6 each have a power semiconductor element and a diode provided in parallel with the power semiconductor element.
  • Power semiconductor devices are, for example, MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) and IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors).
  • the switching elements S1 to S6 are switched by gate signals from the gate drive circuit 108.
  • the state in which the switching elements S1, S3 and S5 of the upper arm Ua are turned ON simultaneously and the switching elements S2, S4 and S6 of the lower arm La are turned OFF simultaneously is referred to as an upper arm three-phase short circuit.
  • a state in which the switching elements S1, S3 and S5 of the upper arm Ua are simultaneously turned off and the switching elements S2, S4 and S6 of the lower arm La are simultaneously turned on is referred to as a lower arm three-phase short circuit.
  • a state in which the switching elements S1, S3 and S5 of the upper arm Ua and the switching elements S2, S4 and S6 of the lower arm La are simultaneously turned off is referred to as all-phase open.
  • the smoothing capacitor C2 smoothes the current generated by ON/OFF of the switching elements S1 to S6, and suppresses the ripple of the DC current supplied from the high-voltage DC power supply 200 to the power converter 100.
  • This smoothing capacitor C2 is, for example, an electrolytic capacitor or a film capacitor.
  • FIG. Path 1 is when the high voltage contactor 300 is ON. In this case, current flows through the positive power supply line P, the first diode D1, the gate power supply unit 105 and the capacitor C1, the fourth diode D4, and the negative power supply line N in this order.
  • Paths 2 and 3 are in a high voltage safe state, and the electric motor 400 is rotating.
  • the high voltage safe state means that the high voltage contactor is turned off, the voltage discharge circuit 103 discharges the high voltage power between the positive power line P and the negative power line N, and the inverter circuit 107 causes the lower arm three-phase short circuit. Alternatively, the upper arm three-phase short-circuit state.
  • the difference between path 2 and path 3 is whether the voltage between neutral line L and negative power line N is positive or negative. Path 2 is positive and path 3 is negative.
  • the current flows through the neutral wire L, the third diode D3, the gate power supply unit 105 and the capacitor C1, the fourth diode D4, the switching element S2, and the U phase of the electric motor 400 in that order.
  • energization of the switching element for example, in the case of an IGBT, energization is performed via the IGBT when the lower arm three-phase short circuit is performed, and energization is performed via the diode when the upper arm three-phase short circuit is performed.
  • the current flows through the U phase of the electric motor 400, the switching element S1, the first diode D1, the gate power supply unit 105, the capacitor C1, the second diode D2, and the neutral wire L in this order.
  • energization of the switching element for example, in the case of an IGBT, energization is performed via a diode when the lower arm three-phase short circuit is performed, and energization is performed via the IGBT when the upper arm three-phase circuit is short-circuited.
  • the route for the U phase was explained as an example, but the route for other phases is the same.
  • the voltage between the neutral line L and the negative power line N is the positive power line P and the negative power line P.
  • the voltage between the power line N (hereinafter referred to as the power line voltage) is E, it is E / 2 ⁇ E / 6, so unnecessary current does not flow in the neutral line L, PWM control does not adversely affect
  • the power line voltage E can also be rephrased as the voltage supplied to the inverter circuit 107 .
  • the backup power supply unit 104 generates power for the gate drive circuit 108 through paths 2 and 3 according to fluctuations in the neutral point voltage of the electric motor 400 when the power supply line voltage E drops during transition to the high-voltage safe state. do.
  • FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing the armature of electric motor 400.
  • FIG. 2A the voltage at the neutral point P1 of the armature of the electric motor 400 is derived from the neutral line L as the neutral point voltage.
  • FIG. 2B is a modified example, but as shown in the same drawing, the voltage at the middle point P2 of the armature winding of the electric motor 400 is derived from the neutral line L as the neutral point voltage.
  • the intermediate point P2 includes not only the intermediate position of the winding of the armature, but also the vicinity of the intermediate position.
  • This embodiment can be applied to either case shown in FIGS. 2(A) and 2(B), and the voltage derived from the neutral line L is called the neutral point voltage. That is, as will be described later, the neutral point voltage fluctuates when a current is passed through the inverter circuit 107 due to a three-phase short circuit.
  • 3(A) and 3(B) are timing charts of the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 and the power line voltage E in this embodiment.
  • the vertical axis represents the rotational speed ⁇
  • the vertical axis represents the power line voltage E
  • the horizontal axis represents time on the same scale.
  • the period a represents the normal operation period. During this period a, the high-voltage contactor 300 is turned on by a normal operation command from the external ECU 600 .
  • the power conversion device 100 and the electric motor 400 are mounted on the vehicle and the electric motor 400 is used as the driving source of the vehicle, this corresponds to normal operation of the vehicle.
  • the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 varies depending on the operating conditions of the vehicle.
  • the power supply line voltage E depends on the battery voltage of the high voltage DC power supply 200 .
  • the inverter circuit 107 performs PWM control.
  • Period b is the transition period to the high voltage safe state.
  • the high-voltage contactor 300 is turned off by a transition command from the external ECU 600 to the high-voltage safe state.
  • the control circuit 101 sets the inverter circuit 107 to a lower arm three-phase short circuit or an upper arm three-phase short circuit. Since the output torque of the electric motor 400 becomes 0 Nm by short-circuiting the three phases, the rotational speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 gradually decreases as shown in FIG. 3(A). Also, by short-circuiting the three phases, the regenerative power becomes 0 W (watts). Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3B, the power supply line voltage E is discharged by the voltage discharge circuit 103 and rapidly drops.
  • a period c is a three-phase short-circuit period. If the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 is equal to or higher than the threshold rotation speed N2, the backup power supply unit 104 generates power according to the fluctuation of the neutral point voltage of the electric motor 400 . That is, the backup power supply unit 104 generates power for the gate drive circuit 108 through the paths 2 and 3 shown in FIG. If the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 is equal to or higher than the threshold rotation speed N2, the power supply to the gate drive circuit 108 can be generated by the fluctuation of the neutral point voltage of the electric motor 400, so that the three-phase short-circuit state is maintained by the control of the control circuit 101. can. As shown in FIG. 3A, the output torque becomes 0 Nm due to the three-phase short circuit, so the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 gradually decreases. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3B, the power supply line voltage E is zero.
  • the reason for performing the three-phase short circuit is as follows.
  • the smoothing capacitor C2 provided between the positive and negative electrodes of the inverter circuit 107 It is charged by the induced power of 400 and its voltage rises.
  • the switching elements are protected by turning on all the switching elements of the upper arm or the lower arm of each phase of the inverter circuit 107 to short-circuit the three phases.
  • the period d is the three-phase open period 1.
  • no gate signal is output from the gate drive circuit 108 to the switching elements S1 to S6, and all the switching elements S1 to S6 of the inverter circuit 107 are turned off.
  • the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 becomes less than the threshold rotation speed N2
  • the electric power regenerated by the electric motor 400 generates a deceleration torque in the electric motor 400, so the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 gradually decreases as shown in FIG. 3(A).
  • FIG. 3(B) in the three-phase open circuit, the power regenerated by the electric motor 400 causes the voltage E between the power supply lines to rise.
  • the period e is the three-phase open period 2.
  • the switching elements of the inverter circuit 107 are properly controlled.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit configuration diagram of a power conversion device 100' in a comparative example.
  • a comparative example shown in FIG. 4 illustrates an example to which the present invention is not applied for comparison with the present embodiment.
  • a power conversion device 100' in the comparative example differs from the power conversion device 100 shown in FIG.
  • the gate power supply unit 105 is composed of, for example, an insulated DC-DC converter. When high voltage contactor 300 is turned on on the vehicle side and high voltage DC power is supplied to power converter 100 , this high voltage DC power is used to generate power for gate drive circuit 108 .
  • FIGS. 5(A) and 5(B) are timing charts of the rotational speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 and the power line voltage E in the comparative example.
  • the vertical axis represents the rotation speed ⁇
  • the vertical axis represents the power supply line voltage E
  • the horizontal axis represents time on the same scale.
  • the period a represents the normal operation period. During this period a, the high-voltage contactor 300 is turned on by a normal operation command from the external ECU 600 . This is the same as the period a shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. As shown in FIG. 5A, the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 varies depending on the operating conditions of the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 5B, the power supply line voltage E depends on the battery voltage of the high voltage DC power supply 200 . The inverter circuit 107 performs PWM control.
  • Period b is the transition period to the high voltage safe state.
  • the high-voltage contactor 300 is turned off by a transition command from the external ECU 600 to the high-voltage safe state.
  • the control circuit 101 sets the inverter circuit 107 to a lower arm three-phase short circuit or an upper arm three-phase short circuit.
  • the output torque of the electric motor 400 becomes 0 Nm, so the rotational speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 gradually decreases as shown in FIG. 5(A).
  • the regenerative power becomes 0 W (watts).
  • FIG. 5(B) the power supply line voltage E is discharged by the voltage discharge circuit 103 and rapidly drops.
  • a period c is a three-phase open period.
  • all the switching elements S1 to S6 of the inverter circuit 107 are turned off.
  • the electric power regenerated by the electric motor 400 generates deceleration torque in the electric motor 400, so that the rotational speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 gradually decreases as shown in FIG. 5(A).
  • the regenerated electric power by the electric motor 400 increases the voltage E between the power supply lines.
  • a period d is a three-phase short-circuit period.
  • the three-phase short-circuit state is entered.
  • the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 gradually decreases.
  • the regenerated electric power by the electric motor 400 becomes 0 W, and the voltage E between the power supply lines decreases.
  • a period e is a power supply line voltage retention control period.
  • the control similar to period c and period d is alternately repeated until the rotation speed ⁇ of the electric motor 400 becomes equal to or lower than the threshold rotation speed N1. That is, the control circuit 101 alternately repeats control of the three-phase open and three-phase short circuits.
  • the control circuit 101 holds the power supply line voltage E by performing this power supply line voltage hold control, and secures the power supply from the gate power supply unit 105 to the gate drive circuit 108 . In other words, since the power supply to the gate drive circuit 108 is ensured, it is possible to control the voltage between the power supply lines.
  • a period f is a three-phase open period.
  • the three-phase short-circuit state can be maintained without performing the power supply line voltage holding control, so the power supply line voltage holding control becomes unnecessary, and the reliability of the power converter 100 is improved. do.
  • the power conversion device 100 includes at least one switching leg Ru, Rv, and Rw composed of upper arm switching elements S1, S3, and S5 and lower arm switching elements S2, S4, and S6, and a high-voltage DC power supply.
  • An inverter circuit 107 that converts the DC power supplied from 200 into AC power by switching legs Ru, Rv, and Rw and outputs it to the electric motor 400, a gate drive circuit 108 that drives the switching elements S1 to S6, and a gate drive circuit 108. and a backup power supply unit 104 for generating a backup power supply from the neutral point voltage of the electric motor 400.
  • the backup power supply unit 104 is provided with a DC A backup power supply is supplied to the gate drive circuit 108 in place of the gate power supply when the power drops. As a result, even when the supplied DC power drops, power is supplied to the gate drive circuit 108, and the switching elements S1 to S6 can be appropriately controlled.
  • the present invention can be implemented by modifying the embodiments described above as follows. (1) Although the inverter circuit 107 and the electric motor 400 have been described as having three phases, they are not limited to three phases and may have a multi-phase configuration.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and other forms conceivable within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention as long as the features of the present invention are not impaired. . Moreover, it is good also as a structure which combined the above-mentioned embodiment and a modification.
  • SYMBOLS 100... Power converter, 101... Control circuit, 102... Control power supply part, 103... Voltage discharge circuit, 104... Backup power supply part, 105... Gate power supply part, 106... Rectifier circuit 107 Inverter circuit 108 Gate drive circuit 200 High voltage DC power supply 300 High voltage contactor 400 Motor 500 Low voltage DC power supply , 600 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Ce dispositif de conversion de puissance comprend : au moins une branche de commutation formée par un élément de commutation d'un bras supérieur et un élément de commutation d'un bras inférieur ; un circuit onduleur qui convertit une puissance à courant continu fournie par une alimentation électrique en courant continu en une puissance à courant alternatif à l'aide de la branche de commutation et délivre la puissance à courant alternatif à un moteur électrique ; un circuit d'attaque de grille qui commande les éléments de commutation ; une unité d'alimentation électrique de grille qui génère une alimentation électrique de grille pour alimenter le circuit d'attaque de grille sur la base de l'alimentation électrique en courant continu ; et une unité d'alimentation électrique de secours qui génère une alimentation électrique de secours par une tension de point neutre du moteur électrique. Si la puissance à courant continu diminue, l'unité d'alimentation électrique de secours alimente l'alimentation électrique de secours, à la place de l'alimentation électrique de grille, au circuit d'attaque de grille.
PCT/JP2021/046339 2021-12-15 2021-12-15 Dispositif de conversion de puissance WO2023112220A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2021/046339 WO2023112220A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2021-12-15 Dispositif de conversion de puissance

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2021/046339 WO2023112220A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2021-12-15 Dispositif de conversion de puissance

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WO2023112220A1 true WO2023112220A1 (fr) 2023-06-22

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004048923A (ja) * 2002-07-12 2004-02-12 Toyota Motor Corp 多相モータ駆動用インバータシステムおよびその制御方法
JP2007089393A (ja) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Internatl Rectifier Corp 弱め界磁で作動する永久磁石同期発電機の安全回路

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004048923A (ja) * 2002-07-12 2004-02-12 Toyota Motor Corp 多相モータ駆動用インバータシステムおよびその制御方法
JP2007089393A (ja) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Internatl Rectifier Corp 弱め界磁で作動する永久磁石同期発電機の安全回路

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