WO2023109122A1 - 一种差速锁装置及新型轮式收获机变速箱 - Google Patents

一种差速锁装置及新型轮式收获机变速箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023109122A1
WO2023109122A1 PCT/CN2022/106941 CN2022106941W WO2023109122A1 WO 2023109122 A1 WO2023109122 A1 WO 2023109122A1 CN 2022106941 W CN2022106941 W CN 2022106941W WO 2023109122 A1 WO2023109122 A1 WO 2023109122A1
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Prior art keywords
differential
differential lock
lock device
bevel gear
pin
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PCT/CN2022/106941
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡学军
杨晓峰
尹国庆
付雷
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中联农业机械股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023109122A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023109122A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D69/00—Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D69/06—Gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • F16H48/24—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using positive clutches or brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • F16H48/30—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means
    • F16H48/32—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means using fluid pressure actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/38—Constructional details
    • F16H48/40—Constructional details characterised by features of the rotating cases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of gearboxes for wheeled harvesters, in particular to a differential lock device and a novel gearbox for wheeled harvesters.
  • the mainstream wheeled harvesters in the market generally adopt the "3+1" structure gearbox assembly, that is, one main box, two side reducers (one on the left and one on the right side) and one beam, in which the main box is driven by a hydraulic motor.
  • the input power is transmitted to the central driven gear through the driving gear, and then from the geared cross shaft differential connected integrally with the central driven gear to the left and right side through the left and right half shaft transmission, and finally the left and right side are respectively driven
  • the left and right drive wheels travel; and the current major drawback of this gearbox is that when the harvester encounters a pit, due to the function of the gear type cross shaft differential, the speed of the left and right drive wheels is out of sync or seriously slipping, and the trap will be broken. limited ability.
  • the drive form of World Honglong 4GQ-1 harvester and Chenhan 4GQ-130 harvester belong to the rear wheel drive form of the 3+1" structure gearbox, and the hydraulic motor is used as the driving power source of the gearbox.
  • the gearbox of World Honglong 4GQ-1 harvester and the gearbox of Chenhan 4GQ-130 harvester have no differential lock function. When encountering a trap, the ability to get out of trouble is limited, and it may be impossible to get out of trouble and need to rely on external force to get out of trouble; therefore, the wheeled The ability of the harvester to get out of trouble is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a differential lock device, which can improve the ability of the harvester to get out of trouble when it sinks, so that the harvester can adapt to more operating conditions.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a novel wheeled harvester gearbox, the gearbox of the novel wheeled harvester includes the above-mentioned differential lock device, which can open the differential lock function through the electronic control button when needed, significantly Improve the ability to escape from difficulties.
  • the first technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a differential lock device, including a central driven gear 1, a half-shaft bevel gear 2, a differential left housing 3, a shift fork 4, a latch plate 5, and a telescopic oil cylinder 6 and the spline output shaft 8;
  • the pin plate 5 is provided with a pin 51, and the outer circumference of the pin plate 5 is provided with a groove 53, and the side bevel gear 2 and the differential left case 3
  • pin holes 9 corresponding to the pins 51;
  • the differential left case 3 is directly connected with the central driven gear 1 , and the shaft hole end of the left side gear on the differential left case 3 passes through the central through hole 52 of the latch plate 5 , the pin 51 is inserted into the pin hole 9 of the differential left case 3; the spline output shaft 8 passes through the center hole 31 of the differential left case 3, and one end is connected to the half
  • the shaft bevel gear 2 is connected, and the other end cooperates with the bearing to form a cantilever structure;
  • the shift fork 4 is connected with the telescopic oil cylinder 6, and the fork foot end is stuck in the groove 53 and does not contact the groove 53.
  • the differential left case 3 is directly connected to the central driven gear 1 through bolts.
  • the side bevel gear 2 keeps non-contacting floating rotation inside the left case 3 of the differential.
  • the shift fork 4 is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod of the telescopic oil cylinder 6 through a stop screw 7 .
  • the foot end of the shift fork forms a point contact with the groove 53, and the pin 51 is inserted into the pin hole 9 on the side bevel gear 2; the side bevel gear 2 It is integrally connected with the differential left case 3 and the central driven gear 1 .
  • the second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a novel wheeled harvester gearbox, including a differential lock switch, a central controller, an electromagnetic reversing valve 10 and the differential lock described in the first technical solution device;
  • the differential lock switch is connected to the central controller, the central controller is connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve 10, and the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is connected to the telescopic oil cylinder 6 in the differential lock device.
  • the differential lock switch and the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 are installed outside the main box, and the differential lock device is built in the left driving half shaft of the main box.
  • the A oil port 101 of the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is connected to the A oil chamber 61 of the telescopic oil cylinder 6, and the B oil port 102 of the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is connected to the B oil chamber of the telescopic oil cylinder 6. 62 connections.
  • opening the differential lock device needs to meet the following conditions at the same time:
  • Condition 1 The vehicle speed is lower than the set threshold
  • Condition 2 Press the differential lock switch continuously for the set time.
  • the set threshold is 5 km/h, and the set time is 5 seconds.
  • the differential lock device disclosed in the present invention has the advantages of being small, light, simple and effective. Its small structure and light weight can realize the successful arrangement in a limited space. Effective differential lock function.
  • the differential lock device disclosed in the present invention can improve the ability of the harvester to get out of trouble when it sinks, so that the harvester can adapt to more operating conditions.
  • the gearbox of the novel wheeled harvester disclosed by the present invention can open the differential lock device through the differential lock switch when needed, which significantly improves the escape ability, operating efficiency and economic benefits of the wheeled harvester.
  • Fig. 1 is the explosion diagram of a kind of differential lock device of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a differential lock device in an engaged state according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a half shaft bevel gear provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the left housing of the differential provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a latch plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the differential lock function control unit connection provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-central driven gear 2-semi-shaft bevel gear; 3-left housing of differential, 31-center through hole, 32-left side shaft gear shaft hole end; 4-shift fork; 5-bolt plate , 51-pin, 52-center through hole, 53-groove; 6-telescopic oil cylinder, 61-A oil chamber, 62-B oil chamber; 7-stop screw; 8-spline output shaft; 9-pin hole ; 10-electromagnetic reversing valve, 101-A oil port, 102-B oil port; 11-motor flushing valve; 12-differential; 13-vehicle speed sensor.
  • a differential lock device provided by the present invention includes a central driven gear 1, a half shaft bevel gear 2, a differential left housing 3, a shift fork 4, a latch plate 5, a telescopic Oil cylinder 6, stop screw 7 and spline output shaft 8;
  • latch 51 and central through hole 52 are provided on the latch disk 5, and the outer circumference of latch disk 5 is provided with groove 53;
  • a central through hole 31 and a pin hole 9 corresponding to the pin 51 are provided on the left housing 3 of the transmission, and a pin hole 9 corresponding to the pin 51 is provided on the side bevel gear 2 .
  • the right housing of the differential is integrated with the half-shaft bevel gear and the spline output shaft on the right rotates synchronously with the central driven gear 1, and the left housing 3 of the differential is directly connected with the central driven gear 1 using bolts and always rotates synchronously.
  • the shaft hole end 32 of the left axle gear on the left case 3 of the differential passes through the central through hole 52 of the pin plate 5, so that the pin plate 5 is sleeved outside the shell of the left case 3 of the differential, and the pin plate
  • the pin 51 on 5 is always inserted into the pin hole 9 of the differential left case 3 and keeps rotating synchronously with the differential left case 3 and the central driven gear 1; the spline output shaft 8 passes through the differential left case
  • the shift fork 4 is fixed on the end of the piston rod of the telescopic oil cylinder 6 with the stop screw 7;
  • the width of the foot end is less than the width of the groove, and the height of the shift fork foot end stuck in the groove part is less than the depth of the groove).
  • the differential lock device is activated, the telescopic cylinder 6 is extended, and the telescopic cylinder 6 pushes the shift fork 4 Move toward the direction of the central driven gear 1, at this time, the fork foot of the shift fork 4 moves to the right to form a point contact relationship with the groove of the latch plate 5, and the shift fork 4 pushes the latch plate 5, so that the latch 51 on the latch plate 5 Insert it into the pin hole 9 on the side bevel gear 2, that is, the pin plate 5, the side bevel gear 2 and the differential left case 3 are engaged and locked, so that the side bevel gear 2 is connected with the differential left case 3 and the center
  • the driven gear 1 is integrally locked to realize the differential lock function.
  • the differential lock device disclosed in the present invention has the advantages of being small, light, simple and effective. Its small structure and light weight can realize successful arrangement in a limited space, and at the same time, it can achieve remarkable effects by combining the electro-hydraulic contact circuit and control protection logic. Differential lock function.
  • the differential lock device disclosed by the invention can improve the ability of the harvester to get out of trouble when it sinks, and make the harvester adapt to more operating conditions.
  • a novel wheeled harvester gearbox provided by the present invention includes a main box, a differential lock switch, a central controller, an electromagnetic reversing valve 10 and the differential lock device in the above-mentioned embodiment 1; wherein the differential lock switch and The electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is arranged outside the main box, and the differential lock device is built into the left driving half shaft of the main box; as shown in Figure 6, the differential lock switch is connected to the central controller, and the central controller is connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is connected with the telescopic oil cylinder 6 in the differential lock device; the differential lock switch controls the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 to open and switch the oil circuit through the central controller, and the A oil port 101 of the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is connected to The A oil chamber 61 of the telescopic oil cylinder 6 is connected through a hydraulic oil pipe, and the B oil port 102 of the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with the B oil chamber 62 of the telescopic oil cylinder 6 through a hydraulic oil pipe.
  • the opening and closing of the differential lock device is controlled by electromechanical-hydraulic linkage.
  • the differential lock needs to be opened, and the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is opened by pressing the differential lock switch once.
  • the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank It flows out from the oil outlet of the oil tank, and flows into the A oil chamber 61 of the telescopic oil cylinder 6 through the hydraulic motor flushing valve 11 and the A oil port 101 of the electromagnetic reversing valve 10, so that the telescopic oil cylinder 6 is extended, and the telescopic oil cylinder 6 is fixed on the piston end.
  • the shift fork 4 is in contact with the pin plate 5, which drives the pin plate 5 to be integrated with the half shaft bevel gear 2 and the central driven gear 1, and the differential lock function takes effect.
  • the function of the differential 12 is suspended, and the left and right half shafts Realize synchronous rotation with the central driven gear 1, the driving wheel stops slipping, and the vehicle gets out of trouble;
  • the gear box of the wheeled harvester disclosed by the present invention can open the differential lock device through the differential lock switch, so that the differential lock device can perform the differential lock function, thereby significantly improving the difficulty escape ability, operating efficiency and economic benefits of the wheeled harvester.
  • the differential lock device in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is built into the side of the left driving half shaft of the gearbox main box of the "3+1" structure harvester, and electronic control, hydraulic control and mechanical transmission are integrated, that is, from the electronic control From the hydraulic control to the mechanical transmission, combined with the control protection logic (two pre-conditions must be met at the same time: the vehicle speed is lower than the set threshold, the differential lock switch is pressed continuously to reach the set time, and the two start conditions are met at the same time.
  • the differential lock switch opens the differential lock device) to realize the effective differential lock function.
  • control and protection logic is specifically:
  • Condition 1 the vehicle speed is lower than a set threshold, such as 5km/h (but not limited thereto);
  • Condition 2 press the differential lock switch continuously for a set time, for example 5 seconds (but not limited thereto).
  • the vehicle speed data is collected by the vehicle speed sensor 13 placed on the upper cover of the main box and transmitted to the central controller in real time for monitoring.
  • the set threshold such as 5km/h
  • press the differential lock switch The central controller does not send an instruction to open the electromagnetic reversing valve 10.
  • the differential lock switch is pressed for a set time (for example, 5s), and the differential lock device is not opened, that is, pressing the differential lock switch is invalid;
  • the set threshold is reached and the differential lock switch is pressed to reach the set time, press the differential lock switch, and the central controller executes an instruction to open the A port of the electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the hydraulic oil flows from the motor flush valve 11 through the electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the A oil port 101 of the valve 10 flows into the A oil chamber 61 of the telescopic oil cylinder 6, and the structural units such as the latch plate 5 are pushed to open the differential lock function; when the differential lock device is closed, the differential lock switch is pressed again, and the central controller Execute the command to switch to the B oil port 102 of the electromagnetic reversing valve 10.
  • the hydraulic oil flows from the motor flushing valve 11 through the B oil port 102 of the electromagnetic reversing valve 10 into the B oil chamber 62 of the telescopic oil cylinder 6, and the reverse push
  • the telescopic oil cylinder 6 drives the latch plate 5 to reset and close the differential lock device.
  • control protection logic is applicable to the protective starting logic of the differential lock control, which can effectively protect the structure of the extraordinar differential lock device and avoid misoperation.

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Abstract

一种差速锁装置，包括中央从动齿轮（1）、半轴锥齿轮（2）、差速器左壳体（3）、拨叉（4）、插销盘（5）、伸缩油缸（6）和花键输出轴（8）；插销盘（5）上设有插销（51），插销盘（5）的圆周外侧设有凹槽（53），半轴锥齿轮（2）和差速器左壳体（3）上均设有与插销（51）对应的插销孔（9）；差速器左壳体（3）与中央从动齿轮（1）直接连接，差速器左壳体（3）上的左半轴齿轮轴孔端穿过插销盘（5）的中心通孔（52），插销（51）插入差速器左壳体（3）的插销孔（9）中；花键输出轴（8）穿过差速器左壳体（3）的中心过孔（31），一端与半轴锥齿轮（2）连接，另一端与轴承配合形成悬臂结构；拨叉（4）与伸缩油缸（6）连接，拨叉（4）脚端卡在凹槽（53）中且不与凹槽（53）接触；该差速锁装置能提高收获机陷坑时的脱困能力，使收获机适应更多作业地况。以及具备该差速锁装置的轮式收获机变速箱。

Description

一种差速锁装置及新型轮式收获机变速箱 技术领域
本发明涉及轮式收获机变速箱技术领域，具体涉及一种差速锁装置及新型轮式收获机变速箱。
背景技术
随着收获机械化的普及和农机技术的快速发展，对农机新功能的需求日益增长，例如越来越多的甘蔗种植户体会到机收甘蔗的便利和高效，因此在世界各大甘蔗主产区甘蔗收获机的普及率正迅速提升，根据不同的甘蔗种植土壤干湿条件产生了轮式和履带式甘蔗收获机两大类，以我国广西省为代表的甘蔗产区，适合轮式甘蔗机作业，但长时间收割过程中有时会遇到车辆下陷泥土坑等特殊情况，此时普通轮式甘蔗机脱困甚至需要吊车协助，存在耗费大量时间、人力、物力、财力，严重影响作业效率的技术问题。
目前市场主流轮式收获机普遍采用“3+1”结构变速箱总成，即1个主箱、2个边减(左、右边减各1个)以及1个大梁，其中主箱由液压马达输入动力，经主动齿轮传动到中央从动齿轮，再从与中央从动齿轮一体连接的齿轮式十字轴差速器经左、右半轴传动给左、右边减，最后左、右边减分别带动左、右驱动轮行走；而目前这种变速箱的一大弊端是当收获机遇到陷坑时，因齿轮式十字轴差速器功能导致出现左、右驱动轮转速不同步或严重打滑现象，脱困能力有限。
例如沃德鸿龙4GQ-1收获机和辰汉4GQ-130收获机的驱动形式均属于3+1”结构变速箱后置的后轮驱动形式，并由液压马达作为变速箱的行走动力来源，但沃德鸿龙4GQ-1收获机变速箱和辰汉4GQ-130收获机的变速箱无差速锁功能，在遇到陷坑时脱困能力有限可能无法脱困而需要依靠外力脱困；因此提升轮式收获机脱困能力是亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的一个目的是提供一种差速锁装置，该差速锁装置能提高收获机陷坑时的脱困能力，使收获机适应更多作业地况。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种新型轮式收获机变速箱，该新型轮式收获机的变速箱包括上述差速锁装置，能在需要时通过电控按键打开差速锁功 能，显著提升脱困能力。
本发明所采用的第一个技术方案是：一种差速锁装置，包括中央从动齿轮1、半轴锥齿轮2、差速器左壳体3、拨叉4、插销盘5、伸缩油缸6和花键输出轴8；所述插销盘5上设有插销51，所述插销盘5的圆周外侧设有凹槽53，所述半轴锥齿轮2和所述差速器左壳体3上均设有与所述插销51对应的插销孔9；
所述差速器左壳体3与所述中央从动齿轮1直接连接，所述差速器左壳体3上的左半轴齿轮轴孔端穿过所述插销盘5的中心通孔52，所述插销51插入所述差速器左壳体3的插销孔9中；所述花键输出轴8穿过所述差速器左壳体3的中心过孔31，一端与所述半轴锥齿轮2连接，另一端与轴承配合形成悬臂结构；所述拨叉4与所述伸缩油缸6连接，拨叉脚端卡在所述凹槽53中且不与所述凹槽53接触。
优选地，所述差速器左壳体3与所述中央从动齿轮1通过螺栓直接连接。
优选地，所述半轴锥齿轮2在所述差速器左壳体3内侧保持非接触悬浮转动。
优选地，所述拨叉4通过止动螺钉7固定连接在所述伸缩油缸6的活塞杆端头。
优选地，当差速锁装置开启时，拨叉脚端与所述凹槽53形成点接触，所述插销51插入所述半轴锥齿轮2上的插销孔9中；所述半轴锥齿轮2与所述差速器左壳体3和所述中央从动齿轮1连为一体。
本发明所采用的第二个技术方案是：一种新型轮式收获机变速箱，包括差速锁开关、中央控制器、电磁换向阀10和第一个技术方案中所述的差速锁装置；
所述差速锁开关与所述中央控制器连接，所述中央控制器与所述电磁换向阀10连接，所述电磁换向阀10与所述差速锁装置中的伸缩油缸6连接。
优选地，还包括主箱，所述差速锁开关和所述电磁换向阀10安装在所述主箱外，所述差速锁装置内置于所述主箱的左驱动半轴上。
优选地，所述电磁换向阀10的A油口101与所述伸缩油缸6的A油腔61连接，所述电磁换向阀10的B油口102与所述伸缩油缸6的B油腔62 连接。
优选地，开启所述差速锁装置需同时满足以下条件：
条件一：车速低于设定阈值；
条件二：连续按差速锁开关达到设定时间。
优选地，所述设定阈值为5km/h，所述设定时间为5秒。
上述技术方案的有益效果：
(1)本发明公开的差速锁装置具有小巧、轻巧、简单有效的优势，其结构的小巧、轻量化能实现有限空间下的成功布置，同时结合电液联络回路和控制保护逻辑即能实现效果显著的差速锁功能。
(2)本发明公开的差速锁装置能提高收获机陷坑时的脱困能力，使收获机适应更多作业地况。
(3)本发明公开的新型轮式收获机变速箱能在需要时通过差速锁开关打开差速锁装置，显著提升轮式收获机的脱困能力、作业效率和经济效益。
(4)经实验证明，当实验车右驱动轮陷于泥坑且左驱动轮不陷坑时，持续加油可见右驱动轮飞速空转并加速下陷，此时松开油门打开差速锁装置，5秒后差速锁功能启动，再次加油可见右驱动轮以未陷坑的左驱动轮转速同步转动，右驱动轮随即从泥坑中走出成功脱困，实验证明该差速锁装置和控制保护逻辑均有效，通过差速锁装置和控制保护逻辑的配合使用，使收获机的陷坑脱困能力获得显著提升。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种差速锁装置的爆炸图；
图2为本发明一种差速锁装置接合状态下的结构示意图；
图3为本发明一个实施例提供的半轴锥齿轮的结构示意图；
图4为本发明一个实施例提供的差速器左壳体的结构示意图；
图5为本发明一个实施例提供的插销盘的结构示意图；
图6为本发明一个实施例提供的差速锁功能控制单元联络原理图；
其中，1-中央从动齿轮；2-半轴锥齿轮；3-差速器左壳体，31-中心过孔，32-左半轴齿轮轴孔端；4-拨叉；5-插销盘，51-插销，52-中心通孔，53-凹槽；6-伸缩油缸，61-A油腔，62-B油腔；7-止动螺钉；8-花键输出轴；9-插销孔； 10-电磁换向阀，101-A油口，102-B油口；11-马达冲洗阀；12-差速器；13-车速传感器。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明进一步说明，应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干变型和改进，这些也应视为属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
如图1至图2所示，本发明提供的一种差速锁装置，包括中央从动齿轮1、半轴锥齿轮2、差速器左壳体3、拨叉4、插销盘5、伸缩油缸6、止动螺钉7和花键输出轴8；如图3-图5所示，插销盘5上设有插销51和中心通孔52，插销盘5的圆周外侧设有凹槽53；差速器左壳体3上设有中心过孔31以及与插销51相对应的插销孔9，半轴锥齿轮2上设有与插销51相对应的插销孔9。
其中差速器右壳体一体式半轴锥齿轮和右侧花键输出轴与中央从动齿轮1同步转动，差速器左壳体3与中央从动齿轮1使用螺栓直连且始终同步转动，差速器左壳体3上的左半轴齿轮轴孔端32穿过插销盘5的中心通孔52，使插销盘5套在差速器左壳体3的壳体外面，且插销盘5上的插销51始终插入差速器左壳体3的插销孔9中并保持与差速器左壳体3和中央从动齿轮1同步转动；花键输出轴8穿过差速器左壳体3的中心过孔31，其一端与半轴锥齿轮2使用轴端挡圈固定，另一端与轴承配合形成悬臂结构，悬臂结构支撑半轴锥齿轮2在差速器左壳体3内侧保持非接触悬浮状态且独立转动；拨叉4使用止动螺钉7固定在伸缩油缸6的活塞杆端头；拨叉脚端卡在插销盘圆周外侧的凹槽中且不与凹槽接触(拨叉脚端的宽度小于凹槽的宽度，拨叉脚端卡在凹槽部分的高度小于凹槽的深度)。
在差速锁未开启时，拨叉4与插销盘5无接触，半轴锥齿轮2悬浮于差速器左壳体3中，且不与插销盘5、差速器左壳体3和中央从动齿轮1连接为一体；
当左驱动轮和右驱动轮遇到不同外力时，因十字轴差速器作用产生转速差甚至单侧打滑，此时启动差速锁装置，伸缩油缸6伸长，伸缩油缸6推动 拨叉4向中央从动齿轮1方向运动，此时拨叉4的拨叉脚端向右移动与插销盘5的凹槽形成点接触关系，拨叉4推动插销盘5，使插销盘5上的插销51插入半轴锥齿轮2上的插销孔9中，即插销盘5、半轴锥齿轮2和差速器左壳体3接合锁定，使半轴锥齿轮2与差速器左壳体3和中央从动齿轮1一体锁定以实现差速锁功能。
本发明公开的差速锁装置具有小巧、轻巧、简单有效的优势，其结构的小巧、轻量化能实现有限空间下的成功布置，同时结合电液联络回路和控制保护逻辑即能实现效果显著的差速锁功能。
本发明公开的差速锁装置能提高收获机陷坑时的脱困能力，使收获机适应更多作业地况。
实施例2
本发明提供的一种新型轮式收获机变速箱，包括主箱、差速锁开关、中央控制器、电磁换向阀10和上述实施例1中的差速锁装置；其中差速锁开关和电磁换向阀10设置在主箱外，差速锁装置内置于主箱的左驱动半轴上；如图6所示，差速锁开关与中央控制器连接，中央控制器与电磁换向阀10连接，电磁换向阀10与差速锁装置中伸缩油缸6连接；差速锁开关通过中央控制器控制电磁换向阀10打开以及切换油路，电磁换向阀10的A油口101与伸缩油缸6的A油腔61通过液压油管连接，电磁换向阀的B油口102与伸缩油缸6的B油腔62通过液压油管连接。
上述轮式收获机变速箱中差速锁装置的结构联动流程如下：
如图6所示，采用机电液联动控制差速锁装置的开闭，当驱动轮打滑时，需要打开差速锁，按一次差速锁开关打开电磁换向阀10，液压油箱中的液压油从油箱出油口流出，依次经过液压马达冲洗阀11和电磁换向阀10的A油口101流入伸缩油缸6的A油腔61，使伸缩油缸6伸长，伸缩油缸6活塞端头上固定的拨叉4与插销盘5接触，带动插销盘5与半轴锥齿轮2和中央从动齿轮1接合为一体，差速锁功能生效，此时差速器12的功能暂停，左、右半轴与中央从动齿轮1实现同步转动，驱动轮停止打滑，车辆脱困；
当需要关闭差速锁时，再按一次差速锁开关，电磁换向阀10切换油路，液压油经电磁换向阀10的B油口102流入伸缩油缸6的B油腔62，反向推 动伸缩油缸6复位，此时伸缩油缸6活塞端头固定的拨叉4带动插销盘5从半轴锥齿轮2的插槽中脱离，此时差速锁功能关闭，差速器的功能恢复。
本发明公开的轮式收获机变速箱能通过差速锁开关打开差速锁装置，使差速锁装置发挥差速锁功能，从而显著提升轮式收获机的脱困能力、作业效率和经济效益。
本发明将上述实施例1中的差速锁装置内置于“3+1”结构收获机变速箱主箱的左驱动半轴一侧，集成了电控、液控和机械传动，即从电控到液控再到机械传动，并结合控制保护逻辑(需同时满足两个先发条件：车速低于设定阈值，连续按差速锁开关达到设定时间，同时满足两个启动条件后才能通过差速锁开关开启差速锁装置)实现有效的差速锁功能。
控制保护逻辑具体为：
打开差速锁功能需同时满足两个先发条件：
条件一：车速低于设定阈值，设定阈值例如为5km/h(但并不限于此)；
条件二：连续按差速锁开关达到设定时间，设定时间例如为5秒(但并不限于此)。
控制保护逻辑的具体控制过程如下：
如图6所示，车速数据由置于主箱上盖的车速传感器13采集并实时传递给中央控制器监测，当车速高于设定阈值(例如5km/h)时，按差速锁开关，中央控制器执行不发送打开电磁换向阀10的指令，此时按下差速锁开关达到设定时间(例如5s)，差速锁装置不开启，即按差速锁开关无效；当车速低于设定阈值且按差速锁开关达到设定时间，按差速锁开关，中央控制器执行发送打开电磁换向阀A油口的指令，此时液压油从马达冲洗阀11经电磁换向阀10的A油口101流入伸缩油缸6的A油腔61，推动插销盘5等结构单元联动打开差速锁功能；当关闭差速锁装置时，再次按下差速锁开关，中央控制器执行发送切换至电磁换向阀10的B油口102的指令，此时液压油从马达冲洗阀11经电磁换向阀10的B油口102流入伸缩油缸6的B油腔62，反向推动伸缩油缸6带动插销盘5复位关闭差速锁装置。
上述控制保护逻辑适用于差速锁控制的保护式启动逻辑，有效保护精巧的差速锁装置的结构并避免误操作。
经实验证明，当实验车右驱动轮陷于泥坑且左驱动轮不陷坑时，持续加油可见右驱动轮飞速空转并加速下陷，此时松开油门打开差速锁功能，5秒后差速锁功能启动，再次加油可见右驱动轮以未陷坑的左驱动轮转速同步转动，右驱动轮随即从泥坑中走出成功脱困，实验证明该差速锁装置有效、控制保护逻辑有效，通过差速锁装置与控制保护逻辑的配合使用，使收获机的陷坑脱困能力获得显著提升。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种差速锁装置，包括中央从动齿轮(1)、半轴锥齿轮(2)、差速器左壳体(3)、拨叉(4)、插销盘(5)、伸缩油缸(6)和花键输出轴(8)；其特征在于，所述插销盘(5)上设有插销(51)，所述插销盘(5)的圆周外侧设有凹槽(53)，所述半轴锥齿轮(2)和所述差速器左壳体(3)上均设有与所述插销(51)对应的插销孔(9)；
    所述差速器左壳体(3)与所述中央从动齿轮(1)直接连接，所述差速器左壳体(3)上的左半轴齿轮轴孔端穿过所述插销盘(5)的中心通孔(52)，所述插销(51)插入所述差速器左壳体(3)的插销孔(9)中；所述花键输出轴(8)穿过所述差速器左壳体(3)的中心过孔(31)，一端与所述半轴锥齿轮(2)连接，另一端与轴承配合形成悬臂结构；所述拨叉(4)与所述伸缩油缸(6)连接，拨叉脚端卡在所述凹槽(53)中且不与所述凹槽(53)接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种差速锁装置，其特征在于，所述差速器左壳体(3)与所述中央从动齿轮(1)通过螺栓直接连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种差速锁装置，其特征在于，所述半轴锥齿轮(2)在所述差速器左壳体(3)内侧保持非接触悬浮转动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种差速锁装置，其特征在于，所述拨叉(4)通过止动螺钉(7)固定连接在所述伸缩油缸(6)的活塞杆端头。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种差速锁装置，其特征在于，当差速锁装置开启时，拨叉脚端与所述凹槽(53)形成点接触，所述插销(51)插入所述半轴锥齿轮(2)上的插销孔(9)中；所述半轴锥齿轮(2)与所述差速器左壳体(3)和所述中央从动齿轮(1)连为一体。
  6. 一种新型轮式收获机变速箱，其特征在于，包括差速锁开关、中央控制器、电磁换向阀(10)和如权利要求1-5任一项所述的差速锁装置；
    所述差速锁开关与所述中央控制器连接，所述中央控制器与所述电磁换向阀(10)连接，所述电磁换向阀(10)与所述差速锁装置中的伸缩油缸(6)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种新型轮式收获机变速箱，其特征在于，还包括主箱，所述差速锁开关和所述电磁换向阀(10)安装在所述主箱外，所述差速锁装置内置于所述主箱的左驱动半轴上。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种新型轮式收获机变速箱，其特征在于，所述电磁换向阀(10)的A油口(101)与所述伸缩油缸(6)的A油腔(61)连接，所述电磁换向阀(10)的B油口(102)与所述伸缩油缸(6)的B油腔(62)连接。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种新型轮式收获机变速箱，其特征在于，开启所述差速锁装置需同时满足以下条件：
    条件一：车速低于设定阈值；
    条件二：连续按差速锁开关达到设定时间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种新型轮式收获机变速箱，所述设定阈值为5km/h，所述设定时间为5秒。
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