WO2023092330A1 - 一种矫直装置以及型材矫直机 - Google Patents
一种矫直装置以及型材矫直机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023092330A1 WO2023092330A1 PCT/CN2021/132784 CN2021132784W WO2023092330A1 WO 2023092330 A1 WO2023092330 A1 WO 2023092330A1 CN 2021132784 W CN2021132784 W CN 2021132784W WO 2023092330 A1 WO2023092330 A1 WO 2023092330A1
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- profile
- turntable
- straightening
- axial direction
- straightening device
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
- B21D3/05—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers arranged on axes rectangular to the path of the work
Definitions
- the invention relates to a straightening device and a profile straightening machine, which are applied in the technical field of profile processing.
- Straightening machine is a device for straightening metal profiles, bars, pipes, wires, etc.
- the straightening machine uses straightening rollers to squeeze the bar to change the straightness.
- This type of straightening machine is more suitable for products with high structural strength such as steel pipes.
- the profile is concerned, the hollow structure makes the surface strength weak, and it is easy to be damaged and broken during the straightening process.
- the patent application with the prior art publication number CN103691771B discloses a straightening device for aluminum profiles, which includes a bracket, and the bracket has two slide rails, and also includes a main straightening vehicle and an auxiliary straightening vehicle arranged on the slide rails.
- the main straightening car includes a car body, the front end of the car body is provided with a clamping port for extending into the aluminum profile, and the car body is provided with a clamping mechanism for clamping the aluminum profile and for driving
- the driving mechanism of the clamping mechanism includes two sections of vertically symmetrical inclined slideways arranged at the front end of the vehicle body and engaging blocks respectively arranged on the two sections of the inclined slideways;
- the driving mechanism includes a driving gear and a driven gear which are arranged in the vehicle body and mesh with each other.
- An eccentric rod is arranged on the driving gear and the driven gear, and a transmission gear is arranged between the eccentric rod and the engaging block.
- the straightening car has the same structure as the main straightening car.
- the existing technology can effectively stretch and straighten the aluminum profile to eliminate the bending and twisting of the aluminum profile, and at the same time eliminate the uneven stress of the aluminum profile along the cross-sectional direction, the operation is efficient, and the straightening effect is good.
- the structural shape of the cross-section of the profile is relatively complex, so that there are certain differences in the structural strength of different positions on the surface of the profile. When the profile is stretched, it will cause uneven force on the profile, which will affect the straightening effect, and the weaker part Also prone to damage. In addition, the straightening effect of the straightening device will be compromised for longer profiles.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a straightening device and a profile straightening machine, which can protect the profile from damage while straightening the profile, and are suitable for longer round tubular profiles.
- the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
- a straightening device comprising: a first turntable and a second turntable that can be driven to rotate; the axial directions of the first turntable and the second turntable are parallel to the axial direction of a profile, and both are simultaneously pressed to move in the axial direction on the surface of the profile; the outer ring of the first turntable is provided with an elastic wheel that can be squeezed by the first turntable and the profile for pre-straightening the profile and driving the profile to rotate around its axis; the second turntable is used For re-straightening profiles.
- the outer ring surface of the elastic wheel has a plurality of straight grooves formed by inward depressions and parallel to the axial direction of the elastic ring.
- the outer surface of the first turntable has a plurality of annular grooves arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the first turntable;
- the elastic wheel includes a plurality of elastic rings corresponding to the annular grooves one by one, the The elastic ring is embedded in the annular groove.
- the diameter of the second turntable is larger than the diameter of the elastic wheel.
- both the first turntable and the second turntable can be driven to move up and down.
- the present invention also includes a mounting frame, a first lifting cylinder and a second lifting cylinder arranged on the mounting frame; the bottom ends of the piston rods of the first lifting cylinder and the second lifting cylinder are respectively fixedly connected with a first Mounting seat, second mounting seat; the first driving motor and the second driving motor are respectively arranged on the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat; the first driving motor and the second driving motor are respectively connected to the first driving motor through the transmission shaft Turntable, second turntable.
- At least one first guide cylinder and second guide cylinder are erected on the mounting frame, and the first guide rod and the second guide rod are slidably inserted in the first guide cylinder and the second guide cylinder respectively.
- a guide rod, the first guide rod and the second guide rod are respectively fixedly connected to the first mounting base and the second mounting base.
- the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat are respectively provided with a first bearing seat and a second bearing seat, and the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat are respectively sleeved on the first turntable and the second on the drive shaft of the turntable.
- a profile straightening machine comprising the straightening device and a conveying device;
- the conveying device includes a traction mechanism for driving the profile to move along its axial direction, a pull mechanism for maintaining the axial direction of the profile and guiding it to the straightening device guiding mechanism.
- the present invention implements pre-straightening and re-straightening on the profiles through the first turntable and the second turntable, so that there is excessive buffering in the straightening process, which plays a role in protecting the profiles and making the surface less likely to be damaged; in addition, the first turntable , The second turntable maintains the position and continuously straightens the part passing by the profile, so it is especially suitable for longer profiles.
- Fig. 1 is the side view of implementation case 1 profile straightening machine
- Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first turntable of Embodiment 1;
- Fig. 3 is the front view of the third driving motor and the traction roller of embodiment 1;
- Fig. 4 is the front view of the fourth drive motor and the traction roller of embodiment 1;
- Fig. 5 is the sectional view of embodiment case 1 traction roller
- Fig. 6 is the front view of the traction mechanism of implementation case 1;
- Fig. 7 is a side view of the profile straightening machine of Embodiment 2.
- a profile straightening machine includes a straightening device and a conveying device, the conveying device is used to drag and transport the profile to be straightened along its axial direction, and the straightening device is used to continuously Straighten the section where the profile passes until the profile passes completely.
- the target object straightened by the profile straightening machine in this implementation case is a profile with a circular cross section.
- the straightening device of the profile straightening machine in this implementation case does not move horizontally during work, but passes through The conveying device pulls the profile to move, so the profile straightening machine in this implementation case is especially suitable for profiles with a long length.
- the straightening device includes a first turntable 11 and a second turntable 12. Both the first turntable 11 and the second turntable 12 can be driven to rotate, and the axes of the first turntable 11 and the second turntable 12 are parallel to the profile It should be noted that the axial direction here refers to the axial direction after the profile is straightened.
- the first turntable 11 and the second turntable 12 are pressed against the surface of the profile.
- the first turntable 11 and the second turntable 12 are differentiated, and the profile is firstly contacted with the first turntable 11 and then the second turntable 12 under the traction and conveyance of the conveying device, that is, the first turntable 11 performs pre-treatment on the profile.
- Straightening, the second turntable 12 re-straightens the profiles.
- the two structural characteristics of the profile will cause two defects.
- the hollow structure leads to a lower compressive load on the profile surface, and the more complex structural shape of the cross section leads to differences in the structural strength of the profile surface, so that the first turntable 11 performs a pair of profiles.
- the strength of pre-straightening needs to be controlled. Therefore, the outer surface of the first turntable 11 is covered with an elastic wheel 13, and the elastic wheel 13 is made of elastic material, such as rubber, latex, natural rubber and other rubber materials.
- the elastic wheel 13 can be squeezed and deformed by the outer ring surface of the first turntable 11 and the profile surface, and the elastic support force exerted by the elastic wheel 13 on the profile surface pre-straightens the profile, and since the first turntable 11 is driven to rotate, Therefore, the static friction along the circumferential direction of the profile generated between the elastic wheel 13 and the surface of the profile can also drive the profile to rotate around its axis.
- the rotation speed of the first turntable 11 and the speed at which the conveying device pulls and conveys the profiles need to be controlled. In theory, it is necessary to speed up the rotation speed of the first turntable 11 and slow down the speed at which the conveying device pulls and conveys the profiles, thereby improving the elastic wheel 13 to expand the contact.
- the coverage rate and time of the profile surface but in order to avoid the profile rotation instability caused by the high speed of the first turntable 11, and the efficiency of profile straightening, these two speeds need to be set reasonably according to the actual application situation.
- the profile After the profile is pre-straightened by the first turntable 11, it then passes through the second turntable 12, and the second turntable 12 presses on the surface of the profile to apply a rigid support force, thereby re-straightening the profile, and finally makes the profile pass through the second turntable.
- the portion of the second turntable 12 is completely straightened.
- the elastic ring 131 of the first turntable 11 will move relative to the profile in the axial direction, so that dynamic friction along the axial direction of the profile is generated between the elastic wheel 13 and the surface of the profile
- the dynamic friction force makes the profile vibrate, which will reduce the stability of the profile movement.
- the dynamic friction force is proportional to the elastic support force exerted by the elastic wheel 13 on the profile surface, that is to say, the higher the curvature of the profile passing through the elastic wheel 13, the greater the dynamic friction force and the worse the stability of the profile movement.
- the outer ring surface of the elastic wheel 13 has a plurality of straight grooves 13-1 formed by inward depressions and parallel to the axial direction of the elastic wheel 13, the straight grooves 13-1 are arranged at equal intervals, and the straight grooves 13
- the setting of -1 and its directionality can reduce the above-mentioned dynamic friction force, thereby improving the stability of the profile moving along the axial direction.
- the outer ring surface of the first turntable 11 has a plurality of annular grooves 11 - 1 arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the first turntable 11 .
- the elastic wheel 13 includes a plurality of elastic rings 131, and each elastic ring 131 is respectively embedded in a corresponding annular groove 11-1, which is equivalent to increasing the contact between the elastic wheel 13 and the outer ring surface of the first turntable 11 area, so that the strength of the elastic wheel 13 sleeved on the first turntable 11 is enhanced, which reduces the amount of twisting and deformation in the moving direction of the profile.
- the elastic ring 131 can be replaced separately after aging and damage, which also reduces the replacement cost.
- the diameter of the second turntable 12 is larger than the diameter of the elastic wheel 13, so that the arc of the second turntable 12 contacting the surface of the profile is smaller than the elastic wheel. Wheel 13, so that the pressure distribution of this part on the surface of the profile is more even, so that the damage to the surface structure of the profile can be reduced.
- the straightening device also includes a mounting frame 14, a first lifting cylinder 111 and a second lifting cylinder 121 arranged on the mounting frame 14; the piston rod bottoms of the first lifting cylinder 111 and the second lifting cylinder 121
- the ends are respectively fixedly connected with a first mount 112 and a second mount 122; the first drive motor 113 and the second drive motor 123 are respectively arranged on the first mount 112 and the second mount 122; the first drive The motor 113 and the second drive motor 123 are respectively connected to the first turntable 11 and the second turntable 12 through transmission shafts.
- the first lift cylinder 111 and the second lift cylinder 121 Through the first lift cylinder 111 and the second lift cylinder 121, the horizontal height positions of the first turntable 11 and the second turntable 12 can be adjusted, so that the straightening device can be applied to profiles with different diameters.
- the first lift cylinder 111, the second turntable The second lifting cylinder 121 can be an electric cylinder. Compared with the air cylinder and hydraulic cylinder, the precision positioning of the electric cylinder is higher, up to 0.01mm level, so that the straightening of the profile is more accurate.
- both the first driving motor 113 and the second driving motor 123 use geared motors.
- the mounting bracket 14 At least one first guide cylinder 114 and second guide cylinder 124 are also erected upright, and a first guide rod 115 and a second guide rod 125 are slidably inserted in the first guide cylinder 114 and the second guide cylinder 124 respectively.
- a guide rod 115 and a second guide rod 125 are fixedly connected to the first mounting base 112 and the second mounting base 122 respectively.
- the first mounting base 112 and the second mounting base 122 are respectively provided with a first bearing seat 116 and the second bearing seat 126 , the first bearing seat 116 and the second bearing seat 126 are respectively sleeved on the transmission shafts of the first turntable 11 and the second turntable 12 .
- the conveying device includes a traction mechanism and a guide mechanism.
- the traction mechanism is used to pull the profile to move along its axial direction.
- the guide mechanism is used to maintain the axial direction of the profile. It should be noted that the axial direction here refers to the profile Axial after being straightened.
- the profile through the guide mechanism is led to the straightening device. If the part of the profile between the straightening device and the guide mechanism is curved, it will be straightened by the straightening device so that the axial direction of the profile is the same as that of the profile at the guide mechanism.
- the traction mechanism includes traction rollers 21 that can be driven to rotate, respectively arranged on the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the profile.
- the axial direction of the traction roller 21 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the profile, and the axial direction here also refers to the In the axial direction after straightening, the traction roller 21 is attached to the surface of the profile, and drives the profile to move along its axial direction through rotation.
- the roller surface of the traction roller 21 that contacts the profile can be compressed inwardly and can rebound when the curved part of the profile passes by. Therefore, when the profile passing through the traction roller 21 is curved, it will be pressed to one of the traction rollers.
- Roller 21 makes it shrink inwardly, and the rest of traction roller 21 will have at least one and profile surface separation. Because the profile moves axially and rotates around the axis synchronously, the profile will be pressed to other traction rollers 21 in turn, and the roller surface of the original traction roller 21 will reset and rebound. On the one hand, the retractable characteristics of the roller surface of the traction roller 21 can avoid damage to the profile, reduce frictional resistance and improve traction performance; on the other hand, at least one of the four traction rollers 21 is in contact with the surface of the profile Therefore, the part that encounters the bending of the profile can still maintain the working state of pulling the profile to move.
- the guide mechanism includes a fixed seat 31 and two rotatable lower guide wheels 32 arranged on the fixed seat 31.
- the axial directions of the two lower guide wheels 32 are parallel to the axial direction of the profile, and the axial direction here refers to is the axial direction after the profile is straightened, and the two lower guide wheels 32 are respectively supported on the left and right sides of the bottom of the profile.
- the lower guide wheel 32 needs to have a certain thickness so that it can provide better support for the profile. When the profile rotates around the axial direction, the lower guide wheel 32 also rotates synchronously, so the surface of the lower guide wheel 32 needs to be as low as possible. roughness, the wheel surface of the lower guide wheel 32 can be polished.
- the traction roller 21 includes a rotating shaft 211, a fixed round table 212 sleeved on both ends of the rotating shaft 211, and a fixed round table 212 sleeved on the rotating shaft 211 is provided between the two fixed round tables 212.
- the sleeve 213 can be selected from a leather material or a mesh material with a certain degree of elasticity. There are multiple supports on the inner surface of the sleeve 213 between the two fixed round tables 212.
- the supporting columns 214 on the top, the supporting columns 214 are arranged at equal intervals around the rotating shaft 211, so that the sleeve 213 maintains a cylindrical shape, and the part of the sleeve 213 between any two supporting columns 214 has the same tightness .
- the support column 214 is made of elastic material, which can be bent and deformed along its radial direction and rebound. When the curved part of the profile is pressed against the traction roller 21, the support column 214 and the sleeve 213 are compressed inwardly and shrink, and When the profile is pressed against other traction rollers 21, the inwardly contracted support column 214 drives the sleeve 213 to rebound and reset.
- the support column 214 is preferably made of rubber material, such as rubber, natural rubber, latex, etc., and these rubber materials have better elasticity and shape recovery properties.
- the fixed round platform 212 is provided with a sleeve 215, the diameter of the sleeve 215 is slightly smaller than the support column 214, and the end of the support column 214 Inserted in the sleeve 215 and fixedly connected with the sleeve 215 , a fastener can be inserted through the sleeve 215 into the support column 214 .
- the support column 214 is in a stretched state, so as to increase the strength of supporting the sleeve 213 .
- the two traction rollers located on the upper and lower sides of the profile are connected by transmission.
- the drive shafts of the two traction rollers have the same axial direction, so the kinetic energy loss of the transmission connection is relatively small.
- the two traction rollers One of the cylinders is transmission-connected with a third drive motor 22 .
- the two traction rollers located on the left and right sides of the profile are connected by transmission, and one of the traction rollers is connected by a fourth driving motor 23 by transmission.
- the two traction rollers located on the upper and lower sides of the profile and the two traction rollers located on the left and right sides of the profile are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the profile.
- the guide mechanism also includes two rotatable upper guide wheels 33 arranged on the fixed seat 31, the axial directions of the two upper guide wheels 33 are parallel to the axial direction of the profile, and are respectively supported on the top of the profile.
- the left and right sides, that is, the profile is limited between the two upper guide wheels 33 and the two lower guide wheels 32, can not only stop the shaking and jumping of the profile, but also better maintain the axial direction of the profile through the guide mechanism.
- brackets 34 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the fixed seat 31, and a slide bar 35 is provided on the bracket 34 to slide and insert in the fixed seat 31.
- described support 34 can move left and right
- described fixed seat 31 is provided with elastic member 36 and is used for the reset of support 34, preferably return spring and it is sleeved on the slide bar 35, and the two ends of return spring are fixedly connected respectively
- the bracket 34 and the fixing seat 31 , the upper guide wheel 33 is arranged on the bracket 34 .
- a profile straightening machine includes two support mechanisms and a straightening device, the two support mechanisms respectively support the two ends of the profile, the straightening device is used to straighten the profile, and synchronously Moving along the axial direction of the profile, the profile is gradually straightened from one end to the other.
- the target object straightened by the profile straightening machine in this example is a profile with a circular cross-section.
- the difference is that the straightening device in this example is mobile, so the profile in this example Straightening machines are especially suitable for profiles with shorter lengths.
- the straightening device includes a first turntable 11 and a second turntable 12, and the outer ring of the first turntable 11 is covered with elastic wheels, which are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
- the first turntable 11 and the second turntable 12 can move along the axial direction of the profile, and both can move independently, which makes the straightening mode of the profile in this embodiment different from that of Implementation Case 1.
- the profiles go through two separate processes, the first straightening and the second straightening.
- the second turntable 12 When straightening for the first time, the second turntable 12 is not in contact with the profile surface, and the elastic wheel of the first turntable 11 is pressed on the profile and moves from the front end to the rear end of the profile, thereby implementing Straightening for the first time and driving the profile to rotate around its axis.
- the first turntable 11 remains pressed against the profile, does not participate in the second straightening but still drives the profile to rotate around its axis, while the second turntable 12 presses on the profile and moves from the front end of the profile to At the rear end, the second straightening of the profile is carried out.
- the straightening device also includes the first reciprocating slide rail 41 and the first reciprocating slider 42, the second reciprocating slide rail 51 and the second reciprocating slider 52 that are slidingly fitted, the first reciprocating slide rail 51 and the second reciprocating slider 52, the first Both the reciprocating slider 42 and the second reciprocating slider 52 are preferably drag chain mobile machines, which have the advantages of accurate reciprocating movement and stable movement.
- the first mounting frame 43 is set on the first reciprocating slider 42, the first lifting cylinder 44 is set on the first mounting frame 43, the bottom end of the piston rod of the first lifting cylinder 44 is fixedly connected to the first mounting base 45, the first mounting A first driving motor 46 is arranged on the seat 45, and the first driving motor 46 is connected to the first turntable 11 through a transmission shaft.
- the support mechanism includes a support seat 61 and two rotatable rollers 62 arranged on the support seat 61.
- the axial directions of the two rollers 62 are parallel to the axial direction of the profile, and are respectively supported on the left and right sides at the bottom of one end of the profile. side, the rollers 62 provide an upward support force at both ends of the profile, and the first turntable 11/second turntable 12 always exert a downward force on the profile during the straightening process, so that the profile is in a stable in the stressed state.
- the support mechanism also includes a support base 63, and the support base 61 is rotatably connected to the support base 63 for the profile
- the support base 61 is rotatably connected to the support base 63 for the profile
- an elastic reset member is provided between the support base 63 and the support base 61, which is used to drive the support base 61 to rotate and return to the axial direction of the roller 62 to be horizontal.
- the support base 63 and the support base 61 are preferably hinged by a rotating shaft.
- the elastic return member preferably uses a torsion spring to drive the elastic seat to reset and rotate, and after the straightening is completed, under the action of the elastic return member, the profile is naturally horizontal.
- the support mechanism also includes a stop plate 64, which is against one end of the profile and used to prevent the profile from sliding in the axial direction.
- At least one support mechanism is provided with a linear slide rail 65, and the support base 63 can slide and lock along the linear slide rail 65 for changing two Spacing between supports.
- a kind of straightening method using implementation case 2 profile straightening machine the steps include:
- S1 Adjust the distance between the two support mechanisms to match the length of the profile, place the front end and rear end of the profile on the two support structures respectively, and place the stop plate of the support mechanism against the profile;
- S2 Start the first lifting cylinder and the first driving motor, so that the elastic wheel of the first turntable is pressed on the surface of the profile and drive the profile to rotate around its axis, and start the first reciprocating slider, so that the first turntable slides from the front end of the profile to the profile The rear end of the profile is corrected for the first time;
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种矫直装置，包括：可被驱使转动的第一转盘和第二转盘；所述第一转盘、第二转盘的轴向平行于型材的轴向，并且两者同时压在沿轴向移动的型材表面上；所述第一转盘的外圈面套设有可被第一转盘和型材挤压的弹性轮，用于预矫直型材以及带动型材绕其轴线转动；所述第二转盘用于复矫直型材。本发明还公开了一种型材矫直机。本发明的有益效果在于，能够在矫直型材的同时保护型材不受损伤，适用于较长的圆管形型材。
Description
本发明涉及一种矫直装置以及型材矫直机，应用在型材的加工技术领域。
矫直机是对金属型材、棒材、管材、线材等进行矫直的设备。矫直机通过矫直辊对棒材等进行挤压使其改变直线度，一般有两排矫直辊，数量不等，这类矫直机更加适用于钢管等结构强度较高的产品，对于型材而言，中空的结构特点使其表面强度较弱，容易在矫直的过程中出现破损、断裂等情况。
例如现有技术公开号为CN103691771B的专利申请公开了一种铝型材矫直装置，包括支架，所述支架具有两道滑轨，还包括设置在所述滑轨上的主矫直车及副矫直车，所述主矫直车包括车体，所述车体前端设有用于伸入铝型材的夹料口，所述车体上设有用于夹持铝型材的夹持机构和用于驱动所述夹持机构的驱动机构，所述夹持机构包括设于所述车体前端的两段上下对称的斜向滑道和分别设于两段所述斜向滑道上的咬合块；所述驱动机构包括设于所述车体内且相互啮合的主动齿轮及从动齿轮，所述主动齿轮和所述从动齿轮上设有偏心杆，所述偏心杆与所述咬合块之间设有传动杆，所述传动杆一端铰接于所述偏心杆、且另一端铰接于所述咬合块；所述车体前端还设有用于避免人手与所述夹持机构直接接触的隔离机构，所述副矫直车与所述主矫直车的结构相同。
该现有技术可有效对铝型材进行拉伸矫直以消除铝型材的弯曲和扭曲，同时消除铝型材沿截面方向的应力不均匀，操作高效，矫直效果好。使用该矫直装置对圆管形的型材进行矫直时存在以下缺陷：
型材的横截面的结构形状较为复杂，使得型材表面不同位置的结构强度存在一定差异，对型材拉伸时会导致型材受力不均的现象，从而影响矫直的效果，而且强度较弱的部分也容易出现损伤。另外对于较长的型材该矫直装置的矫直效果会打上折扣。
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种矫直装置以及型材矫直机，能够在矫直型材的同时保护型材不受损伤，适用于较长的圆管形型材。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的。
一种矫直装置，包括：可被驱使转动的第一转盘和第二转盘；所述第一转盘、第二转盘的轴向平行于型材的轴向，并且两者同时压在沿轴向移动的型材表面上；所述第一转盘的外圈面套设有可被第一转盘和型材挤压的弹性轮，用于预矫直型材以及带动型材绕其轴线转动；所述第二转盘用于复矫直型材。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述弹性轮的外圈面具有多个向内凹陷形成并且平行于弹性圈轴向的直槽。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第一转盘的外圈面具有多个沿第一转盘轴向并列布置的环形槽；所述弹性轮包括多个和环形槽一一对应的弹性圈，所述弹性圈嵌设在环形槽内。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第二转盘的直径大于所述弹性轮的直径。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第一转盘和所述第二转盘均可被驱使升降移动。
作为本发明的进一步改进，还包括安装架、设置在安装架上的第一升降缸、第二升降缸；所述第一升降缸、第二升降缸的活塞杆底端分别固定连接有第一安装座、第二安装座；所述第一安装座、第二安装座上分别设置第一驱动电机、第二驱动电机；所述第一驱动电机、第二驱动电机分别通过传动轴连接第一转盘、第二转盘。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述安装架上还竖立设置有至少一个第一导向筒、第二导向筒，第一导向筒和第二导向筒内分别滑动插设有第一导向杆和第二导向杆，所述第一导向杆和第二导向杆分别固定连接第一安装座和第二安装座。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第一安装座和第二安装座分别设有第一轴承座和第二轴承座，第一轴承座和第二轴承座分别套接在第一转盘和第二转盘的传动轴上。
一种型材矫直机，包括所述矫直装置、输送装置；所述输送装置包括用于驱使型材沿其轴向移动的牵引机构、用于保持型材轴向并将其引向矫直装置的导向机构。
本发明通过第一转盘、第二转盘对型材实施预矫直、复矫直，使得矫直过程存在缓冲过度，起到了保护型材的作用，使其表面不易出现破损的现象；另外，第一转盘、第二转盘保持位置，对型材经过的部分持续地进行矫直，因此特别适用于较长的型材。
下面将通过附图详细描述本发明中优选实施案例，以助于理解本发明的目的和优点，其中：
图1为实施案例1型材矫直机的侧视图；
图2为实施案例1第一转盘的剖视示意图；
图3为实施案例1第三驱动电机和牵引辊筒的正视图；
图4为实施案例1第四驱动电机和牵引辊筒的正视图；
图5为实施案例1牵引辊筒的剖视图；
图6为实施案例1牵引机构的正视图；
图7为实施案例2型材矫直机的侧视图。
下面根据附图和实施案例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
在本说明书中提到或者可能提到的上、下、左、右、前、后、正面、背面、顶部、底部等方位用语是相对于各附图中所示的构造进行定义的，词语“内”和“外”分别指的是朝向或远离特定部件几何中心的方向它们是相对的概念，因此有可能会根据其所处不同位置、不同使用状态而进行相应地变化。所以，也不应当将这些或者其他的方位用语解释为限制性用语。
实施案例1：
参照图1-图6，一种型材矫直机，包括矫直装置和输送装置，所述输送装置用于将待矫直的型材沿其轴向牵引输送，所述矫直装置用于持续地将型材经过的部分进行矫直，直至型材完全通过。
本实施案例的型材矫直机所矫直的目标对象是截面为圆形的型材，另外，因为本实施案例的型材矫直机的矫直装置在工作时是不会水平移动的，而是通过输送装置牵引型材移动，因此本实施案例的型材矫直机特别适用于长度较长的型材。
所述矫直装置包括第一转盘11、第二转盘12，所述第一转盘11和第二转盘12均可被驱使转动，并且第一转盘11和第二转盘12的轴向是平行于型材的轴向的，需要注意的是，这里的轴向指的是型材被矫直后的轴向。对型材进行矫直时，所述第一转盘11和所述第二转盘12是压在型材表面上的。在功能上，所述第一转盘11和第二转盘12有所区分，型材在输送装置的牵引输送下，先接触第一转盘11再接触第二转盘12，即第一转盘11对型材进行预矫直，第二转盘12对型材进行复矫直。
型材的两个结构特点会引发两个缺陷，中空的结构导致型材表面抗压负荷较低、横截面的结构形状较为复杂导致型材表面的结构强度存在差异，从而使得第一转盘11对型材进行的预矫直的强度需要得到控制。因此所述第一转盘11的外圈面套设有弹性轮13，弹性轮13为弹性材质制得，例如橡胶、乳胶、天然胶等胶类材质。所述弹性轮13可被第一转盘11的外圈面和型材表面挤压变形，弹性轮13对型材表面施加的弹性支撑力对型材进行预矫直，并且由于第一转盘11被驱使转动，因此所述弹性轮13和型材表面之间产生的沿型材周向的静摩擦力还可带动型材绕其轴线转动。当然第一转盘11的转动速度、输送装置牵引输送型材的速度需要控制，理论上需加快第一转盘11的转动速度，放慢输送装置牵引输送型材的速度，从而提高所述弹性轮13扩大接触型材表面的覆盖率以及时间，但为避免第一转盘11转速过高导致型材转动不稳，以及型材矫直的效率，这两个速度需根据实际应用情况合理设定。
型材经过所述第一转盘11的预矫直后，再经过第二转盘12，第二转盘12压在型材表面上对其施加刚性支撑力，从而对型材进行复矫直，最终使得型材经过第二转盘12的部分完全被矫直。通过弹性支撑力的预矫直、和刚性支撑力的复矫直，整体上对型材的矫直有一个缓冲过渡的过程，避免了型材由于表面抗压负荷较弱以及表面强度存在差异的特点导致在矫直的过程中出现破损，起到了保护型材的作用。
由于型材通过输送装置被牵引沿轴向移动，所述第一转盘11的弹性圈131会和型材发生轴向的相对移动，从而使得弹性轮13和型材表面之间产生了沿型材轴向的动摩擦力，该动摩擦力使得型材出现震动的情况，即会降低型材移动的稳定性。并且该动摩擦力和弹性轮13对型材表面施加的弹性支撑力呈正比，也就是说型材经过弹性轮13的部分弯曲度越高，动摩擦力也越大，型材移动的稳定性也越差。基于此，所述弹性轮13的外圈面具有多个向内凹陷形成并且平行于所述弹性轮13轴向的直槽13-1，所述直槽13-1等间距布置，直槽13-1的设置以及其方向性可以降低上述的动摩擦力，从而提高型材沿轴向移动的稳定性。
值得注意的是，上述的动摩擦力还会造成弹性轮13沿着型材移动方向的扭曲变形，从而造成了弹性轮13有脱离套设在第一转盘11外圈面的趋势。因此，所述第一转盘11的外圈面具有多个沿第一转盘11轴向并列布置的环形槽11-1。所述弹性轮13包括多个弹性圈131，每个弹性圈131分别嵌设在对应的环形槽11-1内，相当于增大了所述弹性轮13和第一转盘11外圈面的接触面积，从而使得弹性轮13套设在第一转盘11的强度得到了增强，起到了减少向型材移动方向扭曲变形量。另外，弹性圈131在老化受损后可以单独更换，也减少了更换成本。
为了进一步减少损伤第二转盘12在复矫直过程中刚性支撑力对型材表面造成的损伤，第二转盘12的直径大于弹性轮13的直径，使得第二转盘12接触型材表面部分的弧度小于弹性轮13，从而使得该部分对型材表面的压强分布更加平均，从而可以减少对型材表面结构的损伤。
进一步地，所述矫直装置还包括安装架14、设置在安装架14上的第一升降缸111、第二升降缸121；所述第一升降缸111、第二升降缸121的活塞杆底端分别固定连接有第一安装座112、第二安装座122；所述第一安装座112、第二安装座122上分别设置第一驱动电机113、第二驱动电机123；所述第一驱动电机113、第二驱动电机123分别通过传动轴连接第一转盘11、第二转盘12。通过第一升降缸111、第二升降缸121，可以调节第一转盘11、第二转盘12的水平高度位置，从而使得矫直装置可以适用于不同直径规格的型材，第一升降缸111、第二升降缸121可选用电缸，相比气缸和液压缸，电缸的精度定位更高，可达0.01mm级别，从而使得型材的矫直更加精准。另外，第一驱动电机113、第二驱动电机123均使用减速电机。
为了进一步提高第一升降缸111、第二升降缸121的升降精确度、避免升降时发生方向偏移、提高支撑第一安装座112、第二安装座122的稳定性，所述安装架14上还竖立设置有至少一个第一导向筒114、第二导向筒124，第一导向筒114和第二导向筒124内分别滑动插设有第一导向杆115和第二导向杆125，所述第一导向杆115和第二导向杆125分别固定连接第一安装座112和第二安装座122。在本实施案例中，第一导向筒114、第二导向筒124各设置两个，并且对称设置在第一升降缸111、第二升降缸121的左右两侧。
另外，为保持第一转盘11和第二转盘12转动的稳定性，避免出现径向抖动从而破坏矫直效果，所述第一安装座112和第二安装座122分别设有第一轴承座116和第二轴承座126，第一轴承座116和第二轴承座126分别套接在第一转盘11和第二转盘12的传动轴上。
所述输送装置包括牵引机构、导向机构，所述牵引机构用于牵引型材沿其轴向移动，所述导向机构用于保持型材的轴向，需要注意的是，这里的轴向指的是型材被矫直后的轴向。经过导向机构的型材被引向矫直装置，如果型材位于矫直装置和导向机构之间的部分是弯曲的则会被矫直装置矫直，使其轴向和型材在导向机构处的相同。
所述牵引机构包括分别设置在型材上下左右四侧的可被驱使转动的牵引辊筒21，所述牵引辊筒21的轴向垂直于型材的轴向，这里的轴向也指的是型材被矫直后的轴向，牵引辊筒21贴合在型材的表面，通过转动来带动型材沿其轴向移动。所述牵引辊筒21接触型材的辊筒面在型材弯曲的部分经过时可受压向内收缩并且可回弹，因此当经过牵引辊筒21的型材是弯曲的，则会压向其中一个牵引辊筒21，使其向内收缩，其余的牵引辊筒21至少会有一个和型材表面分离。由于型材时同步轴向移动以及绕轴线转动的，因此型材会依次压向其他的牵引辊筒21，而原先的牵引辊筒21其辊筒面会复位回弹。一方面，牵引辊筒21的辊筒面可收缩的特性可避免对型材造成折损，减少摩擦阻力从而提高牵引效能；另一方面，四个牵引辊筒21中至少有一个是和型材表面接触的，因此遇到型材弯曲的部分依然可保持牵引型材移动的工作状态。
所述导向机构包括固定座31、设置在固定座31上的两个可转动的下导向轮32，两个所述下导向轮32的轴向平行于型材的轴向，这里的轴向指的是型材被矫直后的轴向，两个下导向轮32分别支撑在型材下部的左右两侧。所述下导向轮32需要具备一定的厚度，使其能够对型材提供较好的支撑力，当型材绕轴向转动时下导向轮32也同步转动，因此下导向轮32的表面需尽可能地降低粗糙度，可对下导向轮32的轮面进行抛光处理。
对于所述牵引辊筒21的进一步改进，所述牵引辊筒21包括转动轴211、套设在转动轴211两端的固定圆台212，两个所述固定圆台212之间设有套于转动轴211之外并且可被张紧的套筒213，所述套筒213可选用具有一定弹性的皮质材料或者网布材料，两个所述固定圆台212之间连接有多个支撑在套筒213内表面上的支撑柱214，支撑柱214围绕转动轴211等间距布置，使得套筒213维持圆筒形状，并且可使得套筒213在任意两个支撑柱214之间的部分都具有相同的绷紧度。所述支撑柱214为弹性材质，可沿其径向弯曲变形并且回弹，当型材弯曲的部分压向牵引辊筒21时，所述支撑柱214以及套筒213受压向内收缩，并且在型材压向其他牵引辊筒21时，向内收缩的支撑柱214带动套筒213回弹复位。所述支撑柱214优选使用胶类材质，例如橡胶、天然胶、乳胶等，这些胶类材质具有较好的弹性以及恢复形状的性能。
为加强所述支撑柱214两端在固定圆台212上的连接牢固程度，所述固定圆台212上设有套管215，套管215的口径略微小于支撑柱214，所述支撑柱214的端部插设在套管215内并且和套管215固定连接，可使用紧固件贯穿套管215插入支撑柱214内。另外，支撑柱214是处于拉伸状态的，从而提高对套筒213的支撑力度。
为减少成本以及提高传动效能，位于型材上下两侧的两个牵引辊筒传动连接，这两个牵引辊筒的传动轴轴向相同，因此传动连接的动能损耗相对较小，这两个牵引辊筒的其中一个传动连接有第三驱动电机22。相同的，位于型材左右两侧的两个牵引辊筒传动连接，并且其中一个牵引辊筒传动连接有第四驱动电机23。
另外，位于型材上下两侧的两个牵引辊筒和位于型材左右两侧的两个牵引辊筒沿型材的轴向间隔布置。
型材的弯曲部分经过牵引机构、型材和弹性轮13之间的动摩擦力均会使得型材发生抖动甚至跳动，导致型材存在和所述下导向轮32脱离的风险。因此，所述导向机构还包括设置在固定座31上的两个可转动的上导向轮33，两个所述上导向轮33的轴向平行于型材的轴向，并且分别支撑在型材上部的左右两侧，即将型材限制在两个上导向轮33、两个下导向轮32之间，不仅可以止住型材的抖动、跳动，而且还能更好地保持型材经过导向机构的轴向。
为了减少型材抖动或跳动时和上导向轮33发生较强的碰撞，所述固定座31的左右两侧分别设有支架34，支架34上设有滑杆35滑动插设在固定座31内，从而使得所述支架34可左右移动，所述固定座31上设有弹性件36用于支架34的复位，优选复位弹簧并将其套设在滑杆35上，将复位弹簧两端分别固定连接支架34和固定座31，所述上导向轮33设置在支架34上。
实施案例2：
参照图7，一种型材矫直机，包括两个支撑机构、矫直装置，两个所述支撑机构分别支撑住型材的两端，所述矫直装置用于对型材矫直，并且同步地沿着型材的轴向移动，使得型材由一端到另一端逐渐被矫直。
与实施案例1相同的，本实施案例的型材矫直机所矫直的目标对象是截面为圆形的型材，不同的是，本实施案例的矫直装置是移动的，因此本实施案例的型材矫直机特别适用于长度较短的型材。
所述矫直装置包括第一转盘11、第二转盘12，第一转盘11的外圈面套设有弹性轮，这些和实施案例1均相同，在此不再赘述。与实施案例1不同的是，第一转盘11和第二转盘12是可以沿型材的轴向移动的，并且两者是单独可以移动的，这就使得本实施案例对型材的矫直模式区别于实施案例1。
在本实施案例中，型材经过第一次矫直和第二次矫直两个独立的过程。第一次矫直时，所述第二转盘12是不与型材表面接触的，所述第一转盘11的弹性轮压在型材上，并且由型材的前端移动至其后端，从而对型材实施第一次矫直并且带动型材绕其轴向转动。第二次矫直时，第一转盘11保持在压住型材，不参与第二次矫直但是依然带动型材绕其轴线转动，而第二转盘12压在型材上，并且由型材的前端移动至后端，对型材实施第二次矫直。
对于矫直装置的进一步改进，所述矫直装置还包括滑动配合的第一往复滑轨41和第一往复滑动器42、第二往复滑轨51和第二往复滑动器52，所述第一往复滑动器42和第二往复滑动器52均优选使用拖链移动机，具有往复移动落位精准，移动稳定的有点。
所述第一往复滑动器42上设置第一安装架43，第一安装架43上设置第一升降气缸44，第一升降气缸44的活塞杆底端固定连接第一安装座45，第一安装座45上设置第一驱动电机46，第一驱动电机46通过传动轴连接第一转盘11，所述第二往复滑动器52上设置第二安装架53，第二安装架53上设置第二升降气缸54，第二升降气缸54的活塞杆底端固定连接第二安装座55，第二安装座55上设置第二驱动电机56，第二驱动电机56通过传动轴连接第二转盘12。
所述支撑机构包括支撑座61、设置在支撑座61上的两个可转动的滚轮62，两个所述滚轮62的轴向平行于型材的轴向，并且分别支撑在型材一端下部的左右两侧，所述滚轮62在型材的两端对其提供向上的支撑力，第一转盘11/第二转盘12在矫直的过程中始终对型材施加向下的作用力，使得型材处于一种稳定的受力状态中。
事实上，型材的两端的轴向并不一定是保持矫直后的轴向，因此所述支撑机构还包括支撑底座63，所述支撑座61可转动地连接在支撑底座63上，用于型材在绕其轴线转动的过程中保持所述滚轮62的轴向始终平行于型材的轴向，从而可以避免所述滚轮62的轴向和型材两端轴向发生偏离从而导致卡主型材以及对型材表面造成损伤。
另外，所述支撑底座63和支撑座61之间设有弹性复位件，用于驱使所述支撑座61转动复位至滚轮62的轴向呈水平，支撑底座63和支撑座61优选采用转轴铰接，而弹性复位件优选使用扭簧以驱使弹性座复位转动，在完成矫直后在弹性复位件的作用下，使得型材自然地呈水平状态。
由于在进行第一次矫直或第二次矫直时，第一转盘11和第二转盘12是沿着型材轴向移动的，会对型材产生使其沿轴向滑动的作用力，因此所述支撑机构还包括止抵板64，所述止抵板64抵住型材的一端，用于防止型材沿轴向滑动。
为了使得本实施案例的型材矫直机适配于不同长度规格的型材，至少一个支撑机构设有直线滑轨65，所述支撑底座63可沿直线滑轨65滑动并锁定，用于改变两个支撑机构之间的间距。
实施案例3：
一种使用实施案例2型材矫直机的矫直方法，步骤包括：
S1：调节两个支撑机构之间的间距以匹配型材的长度，将型材的前端、后端分别置于两个支撑结构上，并且将支撑机构的止抵板抵住型材；
S2：启动第一升降气缸以及第一驱动电机，使得第一转盘的弹性轮压在型材表面并带动型材绕其轴线转动，启动第一往复滑动器，使得第一转盘由型材的前端滑动至型材的后端，对型材进行第一次矫正；
S3：停止第一往复移动器使得第一转盘停留在型材的后端，启动第二升降气缸以及第二驱动电机，使得第二转盘压在型材表面，启动第二往复移动器，使得第二转盘由型材的前端滑动至型材的后端，对型材进行第二次矫正。
最后应说明的是：以上实施案例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施案例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施案例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施案例技术方案的范围。
Claims (9)
- 一种矫直装置，其特征在于，包括：可被驱使转动的第一转盘和第二转盘；所述第一转盘、第二转盘的轴向平行于型材的轴向，并且两者同时压在沿轴向移动的型材表面上；所述第一转盘的外圈面套设有可被第一转盘和型材挤压的弹性轮，用于预矫直型材以及带动型材绕其轴线转动；所述第二转盘用于复矫直型材。
- 根据权利要求1所述的矫直装置，其特征在于，所述弹性轮的外圈面具有多个向内凹陷形成并且平行于弹性圈轴向的直槽。
- 根据权利要求2所述的矫直装置，其特征在于，所述第一转盘的外圈面具有多个沿第一转盘轴向并列布置的环形槽；所述弹性轮包括多个和环形槽一一对应的弹性圈，所述弹性圈嵌设在环形槽内。
- 根据权利要求1所述的矫直装置，其特征在于，所述第二转盘的直径大于所述弹性轮的直径。
- 根据权利要求1所述的矫直装置，其特征在于，所述第一转盘和所述第二转盘均可被驱使升降移动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的矫直装置，其特征在于，还包括安装架、设置在安装架上的第一升降缸、第二升降缸；所述第一升降缸、第二升降缸的活塞杆底端分别固定连接有第一安装座、第二安装座；所述第一安装座、第二安装座上分别设置第一驱动电机、第二驱动电机；所述第一驱动电机、第二驱动电机分别通过传动轴连接第一转盘、第二转盘。
- 根据权利要求6所述的矫直装置，其特征在于，所述安装架上还竖立设置有至少一个第一导向筒、第二导向筒，第一导向筒和第二导向筒内分别滑动插设有第一导向杆和第二导向杆，所述第一导向杆和第二导向杆分别固定连接第一安装座和第二安装座。
- 根据权利要求6所述的矫直装置，其特征在于，所述第一安装座和第二安装座分别设有第一轴承座和第二轴承座，第一轴承座和第二轴承座分别套接在第一转盘和第二转盘的传动轴上。
- 一种型材矫直机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-8任一项所述的矫直装置、输送装置；所述输送装置包括用于驱使型材沿其轴向移动的牵引机构、用于保持型材轴向并将其引向矫直装置的导向机构。
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