WO2023090911A1 - 음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023090911A1 WO2023090911A1 PCT/KR2022/018234 KR2022018234W WO2023090911A1 WO 2023090911 A1 WO2023090911 A1 WO 2023090911A1 KR 2022018234 W KR2022018234 W KR 2022018234W WO 2023090911 A1 WO2023090911 A1 WO 2023090911A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- active material
- weight
- negative electrode
- parts
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 121
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 117
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 31
- -1 alicyclic hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 13
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 9
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002409 silicon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006257 cathode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011871 silicon-based negative electrode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDDVNKWVBSLTMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu]=O.[Li] Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Li] QDDVNKWVBSLTMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021486 amorphous silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010332 dry classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUNGGJHBMLMRFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O ethoxy-hydroxy-oxophosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](O)=O ZUNGGJHBMLMRFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Fe+2].[Li+] CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010333 wet classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015041 whisky Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004846 x-ray emission Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/021—Preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/021—Preparation
- C01B33/023—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material
- C01B33/025—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material with carbon or a solid carbonaceous material, i.e. carbo-thermal process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/06—Metal silicides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode including the negative electrode active material, a secondary battery including the negative electrode, and a method for manufacturing the negative electrode active material.
- lithium secondary batteries are in the limelight as a driving power source for portable devices because they are lightweight and have high energy density. Accordingly, research and development efforts to improve the performance of lithium secondary batteries are being actively conducted.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an electrolyte solution, an organic solvent, and the like.
- active material layers each including a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material may be formed on the current collector on the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a lithium-containing metal oxide such as LiCoO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4 is used as a cathode active material for the cathode, and a carbon-based active material or a silicon-based active material that does not contain lithium is used as an anode active material for the anode.
- silicon-based active materials have attracted attention in that they have higher capacity than carbon-based active materials and excellent high-speed charging characteristics.
- the silicon-based active material has a high degree of volume expansion/contraction due to charging and discharging, and has a high irreversible capacity, so the initial efficiency is low.
- Patent Document 1 Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1308948
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode including the negative electrode active material, a secondary battery including the negative electrode, and a method for manufacturing the negative electrode active material.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a silicon-based particle; And at least one element selected from the group consisting of B and P distributed in the silicon-based particles; wherein the silicon-based particles include 95 parts by weight or more of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the total silicon-based particles. And, the element provides an anode active material having a concentration gradient increasing from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite.
- One embodiment of the present invention is preparing a metal silicon; Preparing a doping source containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound containing B and a compound containing P; and mixing the metal silicon and the doping source and then heat-treating at a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the doping source.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides an anode including the anode active material.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode active material according to the present invention includes a silicon-based composite in which silicon particles are doped with B or P, and the doping element has a concentration gradient that increases from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite, and Li ion diffusion on the surface of the composite It is possible to minimize the decrease in capacity while maximizing the initial discharge capacity, which is superior to the case of using a uniformly doped active material.
- the method for manufacturing an anode active material according to the present invention is to diffuse atoms from a doping source into silicon particles having an adjacent micron unit, and as described above, the doping element can have a high concentration to a low concentration gradient from the surface to the inside. And, since it is not a chemical synthesis method, there is an effect that mass production is easy.
- the crystallinity of the structure included in the negative electrode active material can be confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis, and the X-ray diffraction analysis is performed using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer (product name: D4-endavor, manufacturer: bruker).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the presence or absence of elements and the content of elements in the negative electrode active material can be confirmed through ICP analysis, and the ICP analysis can be performed using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICPAES, Perkin-Elmer 7300).
- ICPAES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) may be defined as a particle diameter corresponding to 50% of the cumulative volume in the particle size distribution curve (graph curve of the particle size distribution).
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) may be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method is generally capable of measuring particle diameters of several millimeters in the submicron region, and can obtain results with high reproducibility and high resolution.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a silicon-based particle; And at least one element selected from the group consisting of B and P distributed in the silicon-based particles; wherein the silicon-based particles include 95 parts by weight or more of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the total silicon-based particles. And, the element provides an anode active material having a concentration gradient increasing from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite.
- a method of maximizing the performance of a secondary battery including a silicon-based negative electrode active material by doping B or P on silicon particles is known.
- the B or P since a doping source is directly added to the raw material or a method of chemical synthesis is used, the total content of the doping element included in the silicon particle can be freely adjusted, but the doping element is added to the silicon particle. will be evenly distributed.
- the total content of the doping element is increased, the cycle of the battery is improved, but there is a problem in that the discharge capacity is reduced by that much.
- the present invention provides an anode active material in which doping elements are concentrated on the surface of the silicon particle, thereby maximizing the diffusion of lithium ions on the surface of the silicon particle and minimizing the decrease in capacity. Accordingly, the secondary battery including the anode active material has an effect of improving initial efficiency, resistance performance, and/or lifespan characteristics while minimizing a decrease in discharge capacity of the battery.
- the silicon-based composite is a silicon-based particle; and at least one element selected from the group consisting of B and P distributed in the silicon-based particles.
- the element has a concentration gradient increasing from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite.
- the silicon-based particle may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Si and SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- the SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) may be a composite containing amorphous SiO 2 and crystalline Si as silicon oxide particles.
- the silicon-based particles may include 95 parts by weight or more of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the total silicon-based particles. Specifically, it may include 96 parts by weight or more, 96.5 parts by weight or more, 97 parts by weight or more, or 97.5 parts by weight or more.
- the higher the upper limit of the Si content, the better, and the upper limit may be 100 parts by weight or less, 99.9 parts by weight or less, 99.5 parts by weight or less, 99 parts by weight or less, or 98.5 parts by weight or less.
- pure silicon (Si) may be used as the silicon-based particle.
- O may be included in less than 5 parts by weight based on the total of 100 parts by weight of the silicon-based particles. Specifically, it may be included in less than 4 parts by weight or less than 3.5 parts by weight.
- the lower limit of the oxygen atom may be 0 parts by weight or more, 0.5 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 1.5 parts by weight or more, or 2 parts by weight or more.
- the content of O may be 3 parts by weight or less based on the total of 100 parts by weight of the silicon-based composite. Specifically, 0 parts by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, 0.1 parts by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, 0.5 parts by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, 1 part by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, 1.5 parts by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, 2 parts by weight It may be 3 parts by weight or less, 2.1 parts by weight or more and 2.9 parts by weight or less.
- the upper limit of the amount of O may be 3 parts by weight, 2.9 parts by weight, 2.8 parts by weight, 2.6 parts by weight or 2.5 parts by weight.
- the lower limit of the amount of O may be 0 parts by weight, 0.1 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 1.5 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight or 2.3 parts by weight.
- the content of the aforementioned oxygen can be measured through XRF analysis. Specifically, a powder-type sample is placed in a sample cup using a Shimadzu multi-channel X-ray fluorescence analyzer, X-rays are injected, and characteristic fluorescence X-rays are analyzed according to elements generated in the sample. By analyzing the spectrum of the sample on the software, the content of each element can be known, and the proportion of oxygen in the total weight of the sample can also be confirmed.
- the "silicon-based” particles may be primary “particles made of one mass, or may be secondary” particles formed by assembling the primary “particles”.
- the Si corresponds to a matrix in the silicon-based particle.
- the framework of the Si matrix is expanded to allow Li ions to move more easily, so that the ions can easily move into the particle.
- electrical conductivity of Si particles having low conductivity is increased to increase charge and discharge performance.
- the element to be doped may exist in a form of substituting a Si atom in the existing silicon-based particle before doping. Therefore, the lattice structure of the existing Si matrix can be expanded due to the substituted doping element.
- the element may exist with a concentration gradient increasing from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite.
- the fact that the element has an increasing concentration gradient is meant to include a continuous increase and a discontinuous increase in the concentration of the element.
- a region from the center to 0.25Ra first region
- a region from 0.25Ra to 0.5Ra second region
- a range from 0.5Ra to 0.75Ra It may be determined whether a concentration gradient is present by measuring the concentration of the doping element based on the region (third region) and the region from 0.75Ra to the surface (fourth region).
- the concentration of the element in the entire third and fourth regions when the concentration of the element in the entire third and fourth regions has a higher value than the concentration of the element in the entirety of the first and second regions, it is considered to have a concentration gradient that increases from the center to the surface. can see.
- the concentration of the element in the second region has a higher value than the concentration of the element in the first region
- the concentration of the element in the third region has a higher value than the concentration of the element in the second region
- the concentration of the element in the fourth region when the concentration of the element in the fourth region has a higher value than the concentration of the element in the third region, it can be regarded as having an increasing concentration gradient from the center to the surface.
- the concentration of the doping element has a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the silicon-based composite increases from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite, since the doping element is intensively distributed on the surface of the silicon-based composite, lithium ion diffusion on the surface of the silicon-based composite is maximized without increasing the doping amount. Therefore, the cycle performance can be improved and the decrease in capacity of the battery can be minimized.
- one or more elements selected from the group consisting of B and P may be included in an amount of 0.1 part by weight to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total silicon-based composite. Specifically, 0.5 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight to 22 parts by weight, or 1 part by weight to 21 parts by weight may be included, and more specifically, 1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight to 6 parts by weight, or 3 parts by weight Part to 5 parts by weight may be included.
- the anode active material contains the element in the range of parts by weight, it is possible to minimize a decrease in capacity of the anode active material while forming sufficient lithium ion diffusion passages on the surface of the silicon-based particles, thereby maximizing battery capacity and improving lifespan performance. has an increasing effect.
- the content of the element can be confirmed through ICP analysis. Specifically, after fractionating a certain amount (about 0.01 g) of the negative electrode active material, it is transferred to a platinum crucible and completely decomposed on a hot plate by adding nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Then, using an induced plasma emission spectrometer (ICPAES, Perkin-Elmer 7300), a standard calibration curve is prepared by measuring the intensity of the standard solution prepared using the standard solution (5 mg/kg) at the intrinsic wavelength of the element to be analyzed. .
- ICPAES induced plasma emission spectrometer
- the pretreated sample solution and the blank sample are introduced into the instrument, each intensity is measured to calculate the actual intensity, and after calculating the concentration of each component against the calibration curve prepared above, the total sum is converted to the theoretical value. It is possible to analyze the element content included in the negative electrode active material prepared by the method.
- Ra when Ra is the distance from the center of the silicon-based composite to the surface, in the region (fourth region) from the point where 0.75Ra is obtained in the direction from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite to the surface.
- a concentration of the element B or P included may have a higher value than a concentration of the element B or P included in the remaining region. Specifically, it may have a high value of 10% to 10,000%, and more specifically, it may have a high value of 50% to 5,000%. In another embodiment, it may have a high value of 100% to 1,000%, 100% to 800%, 100% to 700%, 100% to 600%, or 100% to 500%.
- the concentration of the element in the specific region may mean the weight% of the element based on the total weight of the specific region.
- the element has the above concentration gradient, lithium ion diffusion on the surface of the silicon-based composite can be maximized without increasing the doping amount of the element, thereby improving cycle performance and minimizing a decrease in battery capacity.
- Ra when Ra is the distance from the center of the silicon-based composite to the surface, in the region (fourth region) from the point where 0.75Ra is obtained in the direction from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite to the surface.
- it may have a value 20% to 1,000% higher than the concentration of element P.
- the element may have a high value of 50% to 800%, more specifically may have a high value of 70% to 600%, more specifically may have a high value of 100% to 600%, and more specifically 100% to 500% higher.
- the element has the above concentration gradient, lithium ion diffusion on the surface of the silicon-based composite can be maximized without increasing the doping amount of the element, thereby improving cycle performance and minimizing a decrease in battery capacity.
- Ra when Ra is the distance from the center of the silicon-based composite to the surface, in the region (fourth region) from the point where 0.75Ra is obtained in the direction from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite to the surface.
- it may have a value 2 to 6 times higher than the concentration of element P.
- the element may have a value 2.3 times to 5 times higher, and more specifically, it may have a value 2.5 times to 4 times or 2.5 times to 3.5 times higher.
- the element has the concentration gradient as described above, it is possible to maximize lithium ion diffusion on the surface of the silicon-based composite without increasing the doping amount of the element due to the optimal concentration gradient, thereby improving cycle performance and reducing battery capacity. can be minimized.
- Ra when Ra is the distance from the center of the silicon-based composite to the surface, 0.75Ra in the direction from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite from the point where 0.5Ra is 0.5Ra from the center of the silicon-based composite to the surface.
- the element may have a value 3 times to 5 times higher, and more specifically, it may have a value 3.5 times to 4.5 times higher.
- the element has the concentration gradient as described above, it is possible to maximize lithium ion diffusion on the surface of the silicon-based composite without increasing the doping amount of the element due to the optimal concentration gradient, thereby improving cycle performance and reducing battery capacity. can be minimized.
- the distance Ra from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite can be calculated as the radius when the silicon-based composite is converted into a sphere having the same cross-sectional area.
- the center of the silicon-based composite may mean the center of gravity of the silicon-based composite.
- the concentration of the B or P element in the area corresponding to 40% by volume based on the total volume of the silicon-based composite in the surface direction from the center of the silicon-based composite corresponds to the remaining 60% by volume
- the concentration of element B or P in the region may be high.
- the concentration of the element B or P contained in the area corresponding to 40% by volume based on the total volume of the silicon-based composite in the direction from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite corresponds to the remaining 60% by volume
- the concentration in the area to be may have a high value of 10% to 10,000%. Specifically, it may have a high value of 50% to 5,000%, and more specifically, it may have a high value of 100% to 1,000%. In another embodiment, it may have a high value of 100% to 800%, more specifically, it may have a high value of 100% to 600%, and more specifically, it may have a high value of 100% to 500%.
- the element has the above concentration gradient, lithium ion diffusion on the surface of the silicon-based composite can be maximized without increasing the doping amount of the element, thereby improving cycle performance and minimizing a decrease in battery capacity.
- the weight of the B or P element included in the area (fourth area) from the point where 0.75Ra becomes 0.75Ra in the surface direction from the center of the silicon-based composite to the surface is the weight of the element B or P included in the remaining area. It can have a value higher than the weight of the B or P element. Specifically, it may have a high value of 50% to 2,000%, more specifically, it may have a high value of 70% to 1,500%, more specifically, it may have a high value of 100% to 1,300%, and more specifically, it may have a value of 200% It can have values from 1,000% to as high as 1,000%.
- the remaining area may mean an area from the center of the silicon-based composite to a point where 0.75Ra becomes 0.75Ra in the surface direction.
- the lower limit of the content of the doping element (B or P element) in the second region may be 0.05% by weight.
- the content of the doping element in the second region may be 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%, 0.05 wt% to 3.5 wt%, or 0.1 wt% to 3 wt%.
- the lower limit of the content of the doping element in the third region may be 0.05% by weight or 0.1% by weight.
- the content of the doping element in the third region may be 0.1 wt% to 15 wt% or less or 0.5 wt% to 12 wt%.
- the lower limit of the content of the doping element in the fourth region may be 1% by weight.
- the content of the doping element in the third region may be 1 wt% to 40 wt% or less, 2 wt% to 35 wt%, or 3 wt% to 30 wt%.
- the doping does not smoothly reach the inside of the silicon-based particle and the doping element is located only on the surface of the particle, so the doping amount itself is small and the doped materials in the cleaning process of the active material There is a problem of being easily removed, or a problem of reducing the discharge capacity due to excessive doping.
- the concentration of the O element contained in the O element included in the region (third region) from the point at which 0.5Ra is 0.5Ra in the direction from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite to the point at which 0.75Ra is reached in the direction from the center to the surface of the silicon-based composite It can have a value 1.1 to 10 times higher than the concentration. Specifically, it may have a value that is 1.2 to 8 times, 1.2 to 5 times, or 1.3 to 3 times higher.
- the crystal grains of the Si may be 5 nm to 1,000 nm. Specifically, it may be 10 nm to 500 nm, or 50 nm to 300 nm, 100 nm to 300 nm, 150 nm to 300 nm, or 180 nm to 300 nm. More specifically, it may be 180 nm to 260 nm.
- the Si crystal grains satisfy the above range, Li ions are more uniformly diffused into the Si crystal grains to prevent accelerated deterioration of the material, and the structure of the Si particles is stably maintained during charging and discharging to improve cell lifespan. has the effect of
- a carbon layer may be provided on at least a part of the surface of the silicon-based composite.
- the carbon layer may be partially coated on at least a part of the surface, that is, the surface of the composite, or may be coated on the entire surface of the composite. Conductivity is imparted to the anode active material by the carbon layer, and initial efficiency, lifespan characteristics, and battery capacity characteristics of a secondary battery may be improved.
- the carbon layer may include crystalline carbon or amorphous carbon, and preferably may include amorphous carbon.
- the crystalline carbon may further improve conductivity of the anode active material.
- the crystalline carbon may include at least one selected from the group consisting of florene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
- the amorphous carbon can properly maintain the strength of the carbon layer and suppress the expansion of the silicon-based particles.
- the amorphous carbon may be a carbon-based material formed by using at least one carbide selected from the group consisting of tar, pitch, and other organic materials, or a hydrocarbon as a source of chemical vapor deposition.
- the other organic carbide may be an organic carbide selected from carbides of sucrose, glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, mannose, ribose, aldohexose or ketohexose, and combinations thereof.
- the hydrocarbon may be a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon of the substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon may be metherine, etherin, ethylene, acetylene, propane, butane, butene, pentane, isobutane or hexane.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons of the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, diphenylmethane, naphthalene, phenol, cresol, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, indene, coumaron, pyridine, Anthracene, phenanthrene, etc. are mentioned.
- the carbon layer may be formed by heat treatment after disposing a carbonaceous precursor on a silicon-based composite.
- the carbonaceous precursor may be graphene and graphite for producing crystalline carbon, and at least one carbide selected from the group consisting of tar, pitch, and other organic materials for producing amorphous carbon, or hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, and acetylene. It may be a carbon-based material formed by using as a source of chemical vapor deposition.
- the carbon layer is 0.1 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, specifically 0.5 parts by weight to 10 parts by weight or 20 parts by weight, more specifically 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material. part to 4 parts by weight.
- reduction in capacity and efficiency may be prevented by reducing side reactions and increasing electrical conductivity through surface coating of the negative electrode active material.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the negative active material may be 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, specifically 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, more specifically 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and more specifically 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the negative electrode active material may be adjusted through a method such as a ball mill, a jet mill, or air flow classification, but is not limited thereto.
- One embodiment of the present invention is preparing a metal silicon; Preparing a doping source containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound containing B and a compound containing P; and mixing the metal silicon and the doping source and then heat-treating at a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the doping source.
- a method of maximizing the performance of a secondary battery including a silicon-based negative electrode active material by doping silicon-based particles with a B or P element is known.
- a method of directly introducing a doping source into a silicon raw material in a liquid state or chemically synthesizing the material was used.
- the negative electrode active material is prepared in the above manner, the doping element is uniformly distributed in the silicon particles.
- the total content of the doping element is increased, the cycle of the battery is improved, but the discharge capacity is reduced by the same amount.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an anode active material in which metal silicon whose particle size is adjusted to micron size is mixed with a doping source and heat treated to intensively distribute doping elements on the surface of silicon particles.
- the anode active material prepared as described above has an effect of improving initial efficiency, resistance performance, and/or lifespan characteristics while minimizing a decrease in discharge capacity of a battery by minimizing a decrease in capacity while maximizing diffusion of lithium ions on the surface of a silicon-based composite. there is.
- reaction conditions are milder than conventional methods, and it is not a chemical synthesis method, there is an advantage in that mass production is easy.
- the metallic silicon means a silicon raw material having a purity of 99% or more of Si.
- metal silicon used in the field may be appropriately employed and used.
- the metal silicon may be obtained by inducing a reduction reaction of silica sand (SiO 2 ) using a thermal reduction reaction using carbon in an electric furnace, and then cooling after preparing Si in a liquid state.
- grinding and classifying the metal silicon may be further included.
- Metal silicon may be performed prior to heat treatment by mixing metal silicon with a doping source to be described later. If pulverization and classification are not performed before the heat treatment step, there is a problem in that the doping itself does not proceed properly because there is a limit in diffusion of the heterogeneous element into the silicon during doping of the heterogeneous element. Therefore, by pulverizing and classifying silicon at the level of microns, the heterogeneous elements can be diffused into the silicon to distribute the heterogeneous elements at an appropriate level. In addition, since the doping source and silicon can be uniformly mixed by first crushing and classifying metallic silicon, the different elements can be uniformly doped into each silicon.
- Grinding of the metallic silicon may be performed using a jet mill device or a ball mill device using a physical impact method.
- Classification of the metallic silicon may be performed using a dry classification method (wind classifier) or a wet classification method (hydrocyclone). For example, it may be performed using an airflow classification method.
- D 50 of the pulverized and classified metal silicon may be 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, specifically 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and more specifically 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m.
- the compound containing B may be at least one selected from the group consisting of H 3 BO 3 (boric acid) and BN (boron nitride).
- the compound containing P may be at least one selected from the group consisting of H 3 PO 4 (phosphoric acid) and P 2 O 5 (phosphorus pentoxide).
- the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature below the melting point of metal silicon. Specifically, it may be performed at a temperature of less than 1414 °C.
- the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the doping source.
- the heat treatment may be performed at 300 °C to 1,400 °C. Specifically, it may be performed at 400 °C to 1,000 °C, 500 °C to 1,000 °C, or 600 °C to 1,000 °C, more specifically, 700 °C to 900 °C for 2 to 5 hours. For example, the heat treatment may be performed for 3 hours at a temperature of 700 °C to 900 °C under Ar gas purging conditions.
- the heat treatment temperature is higher than the above range, since the silicon particles are melted to dope the liquid silicon, the doping element is uniformly distributed throughout the silicon. Therefore, when the doping amount is increased to obtain desired cycle characteristics, the discharge capacity may rather decrease. In addition, since crystal grains of Si increase as the heat treatment temperature increases, electrochemical performance of the silicon-based composite doped with the element may decrease.
- the doping source evaporates but the silicon does not melt. Therefore, atoms from the doping source can be diffused into adjacent silicon particles to dope the element, and since the doping element is mainly distributed on the surface of the silicon-based particle with a concentration gradient, cycle characteristics can be easily improved even with a small amount of doping. , and dose reduction can be minimized.
- the heat treatment temperature is too low, it is possible to easily prevent the fact that doping itself is not performed well.
- heat treatment is performed at a temperature below the melting point of metal silicon (about 1400 ° C)
- B 2 O 3 becomes a liquid. Since it exists in a state, there is a problem in that the amount of doping is very small or the surface is oxidized because B 2 O 3 diffuses only near the surface of the metal silicon particle.
- heat treatment is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of B 2 O 3 (1860° C.)
- silicon particles melt and react in a liquid state, making it difficult to obtain an anode active material satisfying a desired doping concentration gradient.
- the heating condition may be 1 °C/min to 10 °C/min, and specifically, 3 °C/min to 7 °C/min or 4 °C/min to 6 °C/min.
- the step of forming a carbon layer on at least a portion of the silicon-based composite formed after mixing the metal silicon and the doping source and heat-treating the step may further include.
- the carbon layer may be formed by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using hydrocarbon gas or by carbonizing a material serving as a carbon source.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- hydrocarbon gas may be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 900 ° C to 1,100 ° C.
- the hydrocarbon gas may be at least one type of hydrocarbon gas selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane and acetylene, and heat treatment may be performed at 900 °C to 1,100 °C.
- An anode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include the anode active material described above.
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative active material layer may include the negative active material.
- the negative electrode active material layer may further include a binder and/or a conductive material.
- the anode current collector may be any material having conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and is not particularly limited.
- the current collector copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, or silver may be used.
- a transition metal that adsorbs carbon well, such as copper and nickel can be used as the current collector.
- the current collector may have a thickness of 6 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, but the thickness of the current collector is not limited thereto.
- the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidenefluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, poly Vinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, polyacrylic acid, and materials in which hydrogen is substituted with Li, Na, or Ca, In addition, various copolymers thereof may be included.
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- SBR styrene
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon black such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, farnes black, lamp black, and thermal black; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; conductive tubes such as carbon nanotubes; metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum, and nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
- carbon black such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, farnes black, lamp black, and thermal black
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- conductive tubes such as carbon nanotubes
- metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum, and nickel powder
- conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium
- a secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include the negative electrode according to the aforementioned exemplary embodiment.
- the secondary battery may include a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, and the negative electrode is the same as the negative electrode described above. Since the cathode has been described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the positive electrode may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector and including the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, or carbon on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , those surface-treated with nickel, titanium, silver, etc. may be used.
- the cathode current collector may have a thickness of typically 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and adhesion of the cathode active material may be increased by forming fine irregularities on the surface of the current collector.
- it may be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven fabrics.
- the cathode active material may be a commonly used cathode active material.
- the cathode active material may include layered compounds such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) and lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or compounds substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium iron oxides such as LiFe 3 O 4 ; lithium manganese oxides such as Li 1+c1 Mn 2-c1 O 4 (0 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 ; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); vanadium oxides such as LiV 3 O 8 , V 2 O 5 , and Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Formula LiNi 1-c2 M c2 O 2 (where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B and Ga, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 0.5) Ni site-type lithium nickel oxide; Formula LiMn 2-c3 M
- the positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode conductive material and a positive electrode binder together with the positive electrode active material described above.
- the positive electrode conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and in the configured battery, any material that does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity can be used without particular limitation.
- any material that does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity can be used without particular limitation.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like, and one of them alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the positive electrode binder serves to improve adhesion between particles of the positive electrode active material and adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and the like, and one type alone or a mixture of two or more types thereof may be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene flu
- a separator As a separator, it separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ion movement. As long as it is normally used as a separator in a secondary battery, it can be used without particular limitation. It is desirable Specifically, a porous polymer film, for example, a porous polymer film made of polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these A laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these A laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high-melting glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like may be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may be selectively used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- electrolyte examples include, but are not limited to, organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in manufacturing a lithium secondary battery.
- the electrolyte solution may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a metal salt.
- non-aqueous organic solvent for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyllolactone, 1,2-dimethine Toxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxorane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxorane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, phosphoric acid Triester, trimethoxy methane, dioxolane derivative, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivative, tetrahydrofuran derivative, ether, methyl propionate, propionic acid
- An aprotic organic solvent such as ethyl may be used.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- an electrolyte solution having high electrical conductivity can be prepared and can be used more preferably.
- the metal salt may be a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is a material that is easily soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the anion of the lithium salt is F - , Cl - , I - , NO 3 - , N (CN ) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3
- the electrolyte solution includes, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and triglycerides for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity decrease, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and triglycerides
- Ethyl phosphite triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphoric acid triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imida
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included.
- a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided. Since the battery module and the battery pack include the secondary battery having high capacity, high rate and cycle characteristics, a medium or large-sized device selected from the group consisting of an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and a power storage system can be used as a power source for
- An anode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the reaction temperature was 700 °C.
- An anode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the reaction temperature was 900 °C.
- An anode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that H 3 PO 4 was used instead of H 3 BO 3 .
- An anode active material doped with P was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1-1 , except that H 3 PO 4 was used instead of H 3 BO 3 so that the P content was 5 wt% of the total.
- An anode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that B 2 O 3 was used instead of H 3 BO 3 .
- composition of the negative electrode active material prepared in the above Examples and Comparative Examples is shown in Table 1 below.
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
- the concentration gradient of the element was measured through SEM EDS analysis after cutting a cross section of the negative electrode active material. Specifically, the cross section of the active material was cut by ion milling, the content of the element was confirmed through SEM EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and the element concentration in each section was measured by analyzing the SEM measurement image.
- the distance Ra from the center to the surface of the anode active material was calculated as a radius when the anode active material was converted into a sphere having the same cross-sectional area.
- the center of the negative electrode active material was measured based on the center of gravity of the negative electrode active material.
- An anode and a secondary battery were manufactured using the anode active materials of Examples and Comparative Examples, respectively.
- the negative electrode active material prepared in Example 1-1 having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 5 ⁇ m, single-walled carbon nanotubes, plate-shaped artificial graphite, carbon black as a conductive material, polyacrylamide-based polymer as a binder, and water as a solvent A cathode slurry was prepared.
- the anode slurry was applied to a copper (Cu) metal thin film as an anode current collector having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and dried. At this time, the temperature of the circulated air was 60°C. Subsequently, a negative electrode was prepared by rolling (roll press) and drying in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 12 hours (loading amount: 8.55 mAh/cm 2 ).
- the weight ratio of the negative electrode active material, the single-walled carbon nanotubes, the planar artificial graphite, the conductive material, and the binder was 70:0.21:10:10:9.79.
- negative electrode active materials of Examples 1-2 to 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 were used instead of the negative active material of Example 1-1, respectively, in the same manner as in Examples 1-2 to 1-3.
- Negative electrodes of 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 were prepared.
- a lithium metal foil was prepared as an anode.
- a porous polyethylene separator was interposed between the cathode and anode of Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 prepared above, and an electrolyte solution was injected to prepare Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and Coin-shaped half cells of Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 were manufactured.
- the electrolyte solution is a solution in which ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 7:3, vinylene carbonate (VC) is dissolved at 0.5% by weight, and LiPF 6 is dissolved at a concentration of 1M. used
- the prepared battery was charged and discharged to evaluate discharge capacity, initial efficiency and capacity retention rate, which are shown in Table 3 below.
- the first and second cycles were charged and discharged at 0.1 C, and the third to 49th cycles were charged and discharged at 0.5 C.
- An anode active material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that B or P has a concentration gradient in which B or P increases from the center to the surface of the anode active material.
- Examples 1-1 to 1-4 are excellent in discharge capacity, initial efficiency, and capacity retention rate.
- Example 1-1 Although the total content of doping elements was higher than that of Example 1-1, since the doping elements were uniformly present in the active material, it was confirmed that the initial efficiency and capacity retention rate were lowered.
- Comparative Example 1-2 although the total content of doping elements was higher than in Examples 1-4, since the doping elements were uniformly present in the active material, it was confirmed that the initial efficiency and capacity retention rate were lowered.
- B 2 O 3 was used as a doping source. Since B 2 O 3 has a boiling point of 1860 ° C, when reacted at 500 ° C, B 2 O 3 reacts in a liquid state, so that the doping element is doped. It does not smoothly reach the inside of the silicon-based particle, and is located only on the particle surface. Therefore, in the active material of Comparative Example 3, since B 2 O 3 is concentrated only on the surface of the particle rather than having a concentration gradient that increases from the center to the surface of the particle, the doped materials are easily removed in the cleaning process of the negative electrode active material. there is In addition, it was confirmed that the initial efficiency and capacity retention rate were lowered due to the excessive distribution of O.
- the doping source reacts in a gaseous state and is doped with an appropriate concentration gradient inside the solid-state silicon-based particles, and at the same time, oxygen is removed and doped, so that almost no oxygen exists in the negative electrode active material. It was confirmed that the initial efficiency and capacity retention rate were improved.
- the total doping weight of the doping elements of Examples 2-1 to 2-3 and Comparative Example 2-1 was equal to 4.12 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- Concentration of doping element (B) (wt% of doping element based on the area) Area from 0.75Ra to surface Range from 0.5Ra or more to less than 0.75Ra Area from 0.25Ra or more to less than 0.5Ra Range up to less than ⁇ 0.25Ra
- Example 2-1 6 2 0.5 0
- Example 2-2 6.5
- One 0.5 0
- Example 2-3 5.3 2.7 2.3 0
- An anode and a secondary battery were manufactured using the anode active materials of Examples and Comparative Examples, respectively.
- the negative electrode active material prepared in Example 2-1 having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 5 ⁇ m, single-walled carbon nanotubes, plate-shaped artificial graphite, carbon black as a conductive material, polyacrylamide-based polymer as a binder, and water as a solvent A cathode slurry was prepared.
- the anode slurry was applied to a copper (Cu) metal thin film as an anode current collector having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m and dried. At this time, the temperature of the circulated air was 60°C. Subsequently, a negative electrode was prepared by rolling (roll press) and drying in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 12 hours (loading amount: 9.5 mAh/cm 2 ).
- the weight ratio of the anode active material, the single-walled carbon nanotubes, the planar artificial graphite, the conductive material, and the binder was 70:0.21:10:10:9.79.
- Examples 2-2 to 2-3 and Examples 2-2 to 2-3 and 2-3 were prepared in the same manner except that the negative active materials of Examples 2-2 to 2-3 and Comparative Example 2-1 were respectively used instead of the negative active material of Example 2-1.
- a negative electrode of Comparative Example 2-1 was prepared.
- a lithium metal foil was prepared as an anode.
- a porous polyethylene separator was interposed between the cathode and anode of Examples 2-1 to 2-3 and Comparative Example 2-1 prepared above, and an electrolyte solution was injected to prepare Examples 2-1 to 2-3 and Comparative Example 2- A coin-shaped half cell of 1 was manufactured.
- electrolyte solution a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1 M in a solution obtained by mixing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) at a volume ratio of 3:7 was used.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the prepared battery was charged and discharged to evaluate the discharge capacity, initial efficiency and capacity retention rate, which are shown in Table 5 below.
- the first and second cycles were charged and discharged at 0.1 C, and the third to 49th cycles were charged and discharged at 0.5 C.
- Example 2-1 Discharge capacity (mAh/g) Initial Efficiency (%) Capacity retention rate (%)
- Example 2-1 3250 91.8 94.6
- Example 2-2 3170 90.8 89.3
- Example 2-3 3230 91.2 91.2 Comparative Example 2-1 2850 86 80
- the negative active material according to one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it has a concentration gradient in which B or P increases from the center to the surface of the negative active material.
- a concentration gradient in which B or P increases from the center to the surface of the negative active material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Si 함량 (음극 활물질 총 100 중량부 기준) |
O 함량 (음극 활물질 총 100 중량부 기준) |
도핑 원소 | 반응 온도 (℃) | 총 도핑 원소(B, P) 함량(음극 활물질 총 100 중량부 기준) | 농도 구배 유무 | Si 결정립 크기 (nm) | |
실시예 1-1 | 94.4 | 2.1 | B | 500 | 3.2 | O | 190 |
실시예 1-2 | 87.1 | 2.4 | B | 700 | 10.3 | O | 220 |
실시예 1-3 | 76.6 | 2.5 | B | 900 | 20.9 | O | 250 |
실시예 1-4 | 95.1 | 2.9 | P | 500 | 2 | O | 185 |
비교예 1-1 | 90.9 | 4.1 | B | 2,000 | 5 | X | 170 |
비교예 1-2 | 91.1 | 3.9 | P | 2,000 | 5 | X | 160 |
비교예 1-3 | 96.4 | 3.4 | B |
500 | 0.2 | △ | 190 |
원소의 농도 (해당 영역 기준으로 원소의 중량%) | |||||
0.75Ra로부터 표면까지의 영역 | 0.5Ra 이상 0.75Ra 미만까지의 영역 | 0.25Ra 이상 0.5Ra 미만까지의 영역 | ~0.25Ra 미만까지의 영역 | ||
실시예 1-1 | B | 5 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 |
O | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | |
실시예 1-2 | B | 14 | 6 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
O | 2.8 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.3 | |
실시예 1-3 | B | 30 | 12 | 3 | 1 |
O | 3.1 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | |
실시예 1-4 | P | 3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 |
O | 3.5 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | |
비교예 1-1 | B | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
O | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | |
비교예 1-2 | B | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
O | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | |
비교예 1-3 | B | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
방전 용량(mAh/g) | 초기 효율(%) | 용량 유지율(%) | |
실시예 1-1 | 3300 | 92.3 | 95 |
실시예 1-2 | 2900 | 86.7 | 96.2 |
실시예 1-3 | 2100 | 83.2 | 96.7 |
실시예 1-4 | 3150 | 91.5 | 93 |
비교예 1-1 | 2650 | 84.2 | 78 |
비교예 1-2 | 2400 | 82.3 | 76 |
비교예 1-3 | 2730 | 85 | 87 |
도핑 원소(B)의 농도 (해당 영역 기준으로 도핑 원소의 중량%) | ||||
0.75Ra로부터 표면까지의 영역 | 0.5Ra 이상 0.75Ra 미만까지의 영역 | 0.25Ra 이상 0.5Ra 미만까지의 영역 | ~0.25Ra 미만까지의 영역 | |
실시예 2-1 | 6 | 2 | 0.5 | 0 |
실시예 2-2 | 6.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 |
실시예 2-3 | 5.3 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 0 |
비교예 2-1 | 4.12 | 4.12 | 4.12 | 4.12 |
방전 용량(mAh/g) | 초기 효율(%) | 용량 유지율(%) | |
실시예 2-1 | 3250 | 91.8 | 94.6 |
실시예 2-2 | 3170 | 90.8 | 89.3 |
실시예 2-3 | 3230 | 91.2 | 91.2 |
비교예 2-1 | 2850 | 86 | 80 |
Claims (14)
- 실리콘계 입자; 및상기 실리콘계 입자 내에 분포된 B 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1 이상의 원소;를 포함하는 실리콘계 복합체를 갖는 음극 활물질로서,상기 실리콘계 입자는 상기 실리콘계 입자 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 Si를 95 중량부 이상 포함하고,상기 원소는 상기 실리콘계 복합체의 중심에서부터 표면까지 증가하는 농도 구배를 갖는 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 복합체 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 O의 함량이 3 중량부 이하인 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 B 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1 이상의 원소는 실리콘계 복합체 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.1 중량부 내지 50 중량부로 포함되는 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 복합체의 중심에서 표면까지의 거리를 Ra라 할 때, 상기 실리콘계 복합체의 중심에서 표면 방향으로 0.75Ra가 되는 지점으로부터 표면까지의 영역에 포함된 상기 원소의 농도는 나머지 영역에 포함된 상기 원소의 농도보다 높은 값을 갖는 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 복합체의 중심에서 표면까지의 거리를 Ra라 할 때, 상기 실리콘계 복합체의 중심에서 표면 방향으로 0.75Ra가 되는 지점으로부터 표면까지의 영역에 포함된 상기 원소의 농도는 실리콘계 복합체의 중심에서 표면 방향으로 0.5Ra가 되는 지점으로부터 실리콘계 복합체의 중심에서 표면 방향으로 0.75Ra가 되는 지점까지의 영역에 포함된 상기 원소의 농도보다 20% 내지 1,000% 높은 값을 갖는 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 Si의 결정립은 5 nm 내지 1,000 nm인 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질의 D50은 0.5 ㎛ 내지 50 ㎛인 것인 음극 활물질.
- 금속 실리콘을 준비하는 단계;B를 포함하는 화합물 및 P를 포함하는 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1 이상의 화합물을 포함하는 도핑 소스(source)를 준비하는 단계; 및상기 금속 실리콘과 상기 도핑 소스를 혼합한 뒤 상기 도핑 소스의 끓는점 이상의 온도에서 열처리하는 단계를 포함하는 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 열처리는 상기 금속 실리콘의 녹는점 미만의 온도에서 수행되는 것인 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 금속 실리콘을 준비하는 단계 이후에 상기 금속 실리콘을 분쇄 및 분급하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 분쇄 및 분급된 금속 실리콘의 D50은 0.5 ㎛ 내지 50 ㎛인 것인 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 열처리는 300 ℃ 내지 1,400 ℃에서 수행되는 것인 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 7 중 어느 한 항에 따른 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극.
- 청구항 13에 따른 음극을 포함하는 이차전지.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280034049.1A CN117280495A (zh) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-11-17 | 负极活性材料、包含所述负极活性材料的负极、包含所述负极的二次电池以及制备所述负极活性材料的方法 |
US18/288,784 US20240250240A1 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-11-17 | Anode active material, anode comprising the same, secondary battery comprising the anode, and method for preparing the same |
EP22896108.2A EP4322255A1 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-11-17 | Anode active material, anode comprising same anode active material, secondary battery comprising same anode, and method for preparing same anode active material |
JP2023565285A JP2024515127A (ja) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-11-17 | 負極活物質、前記負極活物質を含む負極、前記負極を含む二次電池、および前記負極活物質の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2021-0159927 | 2021-11-19 | ||
KR20210159927 | 2021-11-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023090911A1 true WO2023090911A1 (ko) | 2023-05-25 |
Family
ID=86397469
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2022/018234 WO2023090911A1 (ko) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-11-17 | 음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조 방법 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240250240A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP4322255A1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2024515127A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20230074000A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN117280495A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2023090911A1 (ko) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020146623A1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2002-10-10 | Kimihito Suzuki | Lithium secondary battery and active material for negative electrode in lithium secondary battery |
JP2004311429A (ja) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-11-04 | Canon Inc | リチウム二次電池用の電極材料、該電極材料を有する電極構造体、及び該電極構造体を有する二次電池 |
KR101308948B1 (ko) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-09-24 | 한국메탈실리콘 주식회사 | 금속 실리콘 파우더 제조방법 및 그 제조장치 |
KR20140116198A (ko) * | 2012-04-05 | 2014-10-01 | 미쓰이금속광업주식회사 | 비수전해액 이차전지용 음극 활물질 |
JP2016152213A (ja) * | 2015-02-19 | 2016-08-22 | ソニー株式会社 | 負極活物質粒子およびその製造方法、負極、電池、ならびに導電性粒子 |
KR20200023240A (ko) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-03-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실리콘계 복합체, 이를 포함하는 음극, 및 리튬 이차전지 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-17 CN CN202280034049.1A patent/CN117280495A/zh active Pending
- 2022-11-17 US US18/288,784 patent/US20240250240A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-17 EP EP22896108.2A patent/EP4322255A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-17 JP JP2023565285A patent/JP2024515127A/ja active Pending
- 2022-11-17 KR KR1020220154721A patent/KR20230074000A/ko unknown
- 2022-11-17 WO PCT/KR2022/018234 patent/WO2023090911A1/ko active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020146623A1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2002-10-10 | Kimihito Suzuki | Lithium secondary battery and active material for negative electrode in lithium secondary battery |
JP2004311429A (ja) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-11-04 | Canon Inc | リチウム二次電池用の電極材料、該電極材料を有する電極構造体、及び該電極構造体を有する二次電池 |
KR20140116198A (ko) * | 2012-04-05 | 2014-10-01 | 미쓰이금속광업주식회사 | 비수전해액 이차전지용 음극 활물질 |
KR101308948B1 (ko) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-09-24 | 한국메탈실리콘 주식회사 | 금속 실리콘 파우더 제조방법 및 그 제조장치 |
JP2016152213A (ja) * | 2015-02-19 | 2016-08-22 | ソニー株式会社 | 負極活物質粒子およびその製造方法、負極、電池、ならびに導電性粒子 |
KR20200023240A (ko) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-03-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실리콘계 복합체, 이를 포함하는 음극, 및 리튬 이차전지 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20230074000A (ko) | 2023-05-26 |
EP4322255A1 (en) | 2024-02-14 |
CN117280495A (zh) | 2023-12-22 |
US20240250240A1 (en) | 2024-07-25 |
JP2024515127A (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2020040586A1 (ko) | 실리콘계 복합체, 이를 포함하는 음극, 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2018221827A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 | |
WO2021112606A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 상기 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 | |
WO2022131695A1 (ko) | 리튬 이온 이차전지용 음극재, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이온 이차전지 | |
WO2024054035A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2020180125A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2023106882A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극 슬러리, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2022060104A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 이차전지 | |
WO2023090911A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조 방법 | |
WO2024101947A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2023090948A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질층용 조성물 및 리튬이차전지 | |
WO2023018190A1 (en) | Negative electrode active material, and negative electrode and secondary battery including same | |
WO2023033370A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조 방법 | |
WO2023090950A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질층용 조성물 및 리튬이차전지 | |
WO2023018108A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 음극 활물질의 제조방법, 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 | |
WO2023096404A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2023018218A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 음극 슬러리, 음극 및 이차 전지 | |
WO2024035201A1 (ko) | 양극, 양극의 제조 방법 및 상기 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2023018258A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2024053995A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬이차전지 | |
WO2023096406A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2024080573A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2024019429A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2024128541A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질의 제조방법, 음극 활물질, 음극 및 이차전지 | |
WO2024053939A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22896108 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023565285 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18288784 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280034049.1 Country of ref document: CN Ref document number: 2022896108 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022896108 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20231109 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |