WO2023085359A1 - 自立膜、積層シート、及び自立膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
自立膜、積層シート、及び自立膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023085359A1 WO2023085359A1 PCT/JP2022/041894 JP2022041894W WO2023085359A1 WO 2023085359 A1 WO2023085359 A1 WO 2023085359A1 JP 2022041894 W JP2022041894 W JP 2022041894W WO 2023085359 A1 WO2023085359 A1 WO 2023085359A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/148—Agglomerating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
- B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/008—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression characterised by the composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0466—Alloys based on noble metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
- H10W40/10—Arrangements for heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
- H10W40/20—Arrangements for cooling
- H10W40/25—Arrangements for cooling characterised by their materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
- H10W40/70—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or in encapsulations for thermal protection or control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/25—Noble metals, i.e. Ag Au, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru
- B22F2301/255—Silver or gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a self-supporting film, a laminated sheet, and a method for producing a self-supporting film.
- thermal interface bonding materials that electrically, thermally, and mechanically bond the interface between solids Material: TIM
- TIM thermal interface bonding materials that electrically, thermally, and mechanically bond the interface between solids Material
- solder using a low-melting alloy and Ag paste which is a slurry of silver particles (Ag particles) excellent in conductivity and oxidation resistance with an organic polymer and a solvent, have been widely used.
- Ag paste has high electrical resistance and low heat resistance because the organic polymer inhibits bonding between Ag particles.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 have so far proposed a structure in which Ag foil is used as a support and Ag airgel films are formed on both sides thereof (for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 have low electrical resistance, low thermal resistance, high mechanical strength, and heat resistance, flexibility is impaired due to the hardness of the Ag foil, and it is not suitable for TIM applications. There is a limit to interface followability.
- Ag foil has a high density and requires a large amount of Ag, it is not suitable for mass production due to the problem of manufacturing costs.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a self-supporting film, a laminated sheet, and a method for producing a self-supporting film that exhibit low electrical resistance, low thermal resistance, and high mechanical strength, are excellent in heat resistance and flexibility, and can be mass-produced at low cost.
- the self-supporting film according to the present invention has a porous structure consisting of aggregates of metal particles and voids.
- a laminated sheet according to the present invention comprises the above self-supporting film and a carrier substrate.
- a method for producing a self-supporting film according to the present invention includes evaporating a metal in an inert gas of 10 Torr or more and 300 Torr or less to generate metal particles composed of the metal, depositing the metal particles on a substrate, and A self-supporting film precursor having a porous structure composed of aggregates of the metal particles and voids is formed on a substrate, and the self-supporting film precursor is peeled off from the substrate.
- a self-supporting film that exhibits low electrical resistance, low thermal resistance, high mechanical strength, excellent heat resistance and flexibility, and that can be mass-produced at low cost, a laminated sheet, and a method for producing a self-supporting film. can.
- FIG. 1(a) is a schematic diagram showing a self-supporting film according to the present invention
- FIG. 1(c) is an SEM image showing the surface of the self-supporting film according to the present invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining the method to use as a self-supporting film
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the relationship between the pressure of an inert gas and the properties of a self-supporting film; FIG.
- FIG. 6A is a graph showing the film thickness and filling rate before and after pressurization with respect to the pressure of the inert gas
- FIG. It is a graph showing a rate. It is a graph which shows the thermal resistance with respect to the filling rate before pressurization.
- 4 is a graph showing thermal resistances of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 9(a) is a graph showing changes in thermal resistance with respect to temperature during pressurization
- FIG. 9(b) is an SEM image showing the cross section of the self-supporting film at the point indicated by P1 in FIG. 9(a).
- FIG. 9(c) is an SEM image showing a cross section of the self-supporting film at the point indicated by P2 in FIG. 9(a).
- a self-supporting film 1 has a porous structure composed of aggregates 3 of metal particles 2 and voids 4 .
- the term “porous structure” means a structure in which aggregates of particles are arranged in a beaded manner to form a three-dimensional network.
- the term “porous structure” in the present application specifically refers to an "aerogel structure” consisting of a continuous phase of interconnected solid particles and air, as opposed to a gel consisting of a continuous phase of interconnected solid particles and a dispersed liquid phase. "including.
- FIG. 1(b) is a photograph of the self-supporting film 1 being lifted with tweezers. It can be seen that the self-supporting film 1 does not collapse even when lifted with tweezers, and is self-supporting.
- FIG. 1(c) is an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image of the self-supporting film 1.
- FIG. 1(c) is an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image of the
- the volume average particle diameter of the metal particles 2 is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the volume average particle diameter of the metal particles 2 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- a method for calculating the volume average particle diameter of the metal particles 2 is not particularly limited.
- the self-supporting film 1 may be observed using an SEM, the particle sizes of the plurality of metal particles 2 may be measured from the acquired SEM image, and the volume average particle size may be calculated based on the measured particle size distribution.
- the metal particles 2 are composed of silver (Ag).
- the mass of silver per unit area in the self-supporting film 1 (also referred to as surface loading) is 1 mg/cm 2 or more and 50 mg/cm 2 or less.
- the mass of silver per unit area of the self-supporting film 1 is preferably 3 mg/cm 2 or more and 30 mg/cm 2 or less, more preferably 5 mg/cm 2 or more and 20 mg/cm 2 or less. It is preferable that the metal particles 2 are connected to each other to form a continuous phase.
- Voids 4 are formed between a plurality of metal particles 2 forming aggregates 3 .
- the air gap 4 contains gas.
- the gas is air or an inert gas. Examples of inert gas include argon gas and nitrogen gas. It is preferable that the voids 4 are interconnected to form a continuous phase.
- the free-standing film 1 has a porosity of 50% by volume or more and 99% by volume or less.
- the porosity is the ratio of the volume of the voids 4 to the total volume of the self-supporting film 1 , and is the volume ratio of the gas in the self-supporting film 1 .
- the porosity is preferably 80% by volume or more and 95% by volume or less, more preferably 85% by volume or more and 90% by volume or less.
- the self-supporting film 1 consists of aggregates 3 of metal particles 2 and voids 4 , and does not contain anything other than the metal particles 2 and voids 4 .
- the self-supporting film 1 does not contain a metal foil.
- the metal particles 2 are composed of silver
- the self-supporting film 1 is composed only of silver particles and voids.
- the mass of silver per unit area of Ag foil is 31.5 mg/cm 2 for Ag foil with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m. Since the self-supporting film 1 does not contain Ag foil, it is possible to achieve a silver mass per unit area as small as 1 mg/cm 2 or more and 30 mg/cm 2 or less.
- the self-supporting membrane 1 is placed between two solid bodies 6 and 7 facing each other, pressurized, and used to connect the solid bodies 6 and 7 together. Pressurization is performed at room temperature or with heating.
- the self-supporting film 1 has a high porosity and does not contain a metal foil, so it has high flexibility and high conformability to the interface. Even a solid having a flat surface has microscopic irregularities on its surface, but the self-supporting film 1 is deformed following the irregularities on the surfaces of the solids 6 and 7 when pressurized. Adhere to the surface of 7.
- the self-supporting film 1 is used as a self-supporting film for interfacial bonding material that bonds solids 6 and 7 together.
- the self-supporting film 1 consists of metal particles 2 and voids 4, and does not contain an organic polymer. , the metal particles 2 are in direct contact with each other, and thermal resistance and electrical resistance can be reduced. Moreover, since it does not contain a thermally unstable organic polymer, it has excellent thermal stability and improves the heat resistance of the bonding interface. Also, in the self-supporting film 1, the plurality of metal particles 2 are bonded by sintering due to pressurization. Sintering is to join the metal particles 2 in a solid state without melting.
- the self-supporting film 1 has a clean surface and has a nanostructure containing metal particles 2 with a volume average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the self-supporting film 1 can be used as a self-supporting film for a thermal interface material. It is used to efficiently transfer heat from the solid 6 as a heating element to the solid 7 as a radiator.
- the free-standing film 1 can be manufactured using an in-gas evaporation and particle deposition method.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the essential parts of the self-supporting membrane manufacturing apparatus.
- a method for manufacturing the self-supporting film 1 using the in-gas evaporation/particle deposition method will be specifically described.
- the metal 11 is evaporated in an inert gas (for example, argon gas) of 10 Torr or more and 300 Torr or less to generate the metal particles 2 composed of the metal 11, and the metal particles 2 are formed on the substrate 14. 2 is deposited to form a film with a porous structure (aerogel structure).
- an inert gas for example, argon gas
- the metal 11 (Ag) which is the deposition source
- the boat 12 is placed in the chamber 13, and the inside of the chamber 13 is evacuated by a vacuum generator (not shown).
- an inert gas is flowed into the chamber 13 to adjust the pressure in the chamber 13 to 10 Torr or more and 300 Torr or less.
- the temperature of the substrate 14 may be room temperature, but the temperature of the substrate 14 may be adjusted to, for example, 0 to 300° C. by a heater and a cooling mechanism (not shown). Then, the boat 12 is heated by electric heating using a power source (not shown), thereby evaporating the metal 11 arranged on the boat 12 . For example, the evaporation of Ag is completed by raising the temperature of the boat 12 to 2000° C. or higher in 5 seconds and maintaining the temperature for 115 seconds.
- the vaporized metal 11 (Ag) atoms (Ag atoms) are cooled with an inert gas and collide with each other to coalesce to form Ag nanoparticles.
- the metal particles 2 (also referred to as Ag particles) are generated by colliding and coalescing, and the metal particles 2 are deposited on the substrate 14 .
- the greater the pressure of the inert gas the shorter the mean free path of Ag atoms and Ag nanoparticles, the Ag atoms collide with each other, Ag nanoparticles with each other, and Ag atoms and Ag nanoparticles collide with each other, resulting in metal particles 2 made of Ag. becomes larger.
- the pressure of the inert gas flowing into the chamber 13 the size of the metal particles 2 can be controlled.
- a self-supporting film precursor 15 having a porous structure composed of aggregates 3 of the metal particles 2 and voids 4 is formed. be.
- the number of times the metal particles 2 are deposited on the base material 14 is one time in the example shown in FIG. 4, but is not limited to this and may be multiple times.
- the self-supporting film precursor 15 can be deposited on the substrate 14 with a predetermined opening size by placing a mask having a predetermined opening.
- the size of the self-supporting film precursor 15 is arbitrary, it can be 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm, for example, by using a mask having a square opening with a side length of 1 cm.
- the area of the self-supporting film precursor 15 (the area of the surface perpendicular to the film thickness direction) can be set to, for example, 100 cm 2 or less.
- the self-supporting film precursor 15 is peeled off from the substrate 14 .
- the self-supporting film 1 is separated from the substrate 14 .
- the reason why a self-supporting film can be produced only with Ag particles without using a binder or the like is that Ag particles having a particle size of several tens to several hundred nm are deposited on the substrate 14 in the manufacturing process, and Ag particles are separated by thermal radiation. This is because the particles are sintered and bonded to each other in the perpendicular and in-plane directions to form a three-dimensional network.
- the self-supporting film precursor 15 is separated from the substrate 14 after the substrate 14 is turned upside down.
- the base material 14 may be formed of a material with poor wettability with the metal 11, but any material having a surface formed with a material with poor wettability with the metal 11 may be used.
- the surface of the substrate 14 is preferably a smooth surface.
- a Si substrate for example, may be used as the substrate 14 .
- the Si substrate preferably has a natural oxide film or thermal oxide film on its surface. Peeling can be performed, for example, by a method of peeling with tweezers while blowing air with a blower, a method of transferring to a carrier substrate, or a direction parallel to the surface of the substrate 14 by bringing one side of the self-supporting film precursor 15 into contact with one side of a flat plate.
- the self-supporting film precursor 15 can be pushed.
- a self-supporting film 1 having the same size as the self-supporting film precursor 15 is obtained by peeling.
- the self-supporting film 1 consists only of metal particles 2 and voids 4, has a high porosity, and does not contain metal foil. By being placed between the solids and pressurized, the voids 4 are crushed and compressed to flexibly follow the shape of the interface between the solids. Since the self-supporting film 1 does not contain a metal foil, it is superior in flexibility and flexibly follows the shape of the interface between solids. Moreover, the manufacturing cost can be reduced as compared with the case of using metal foil.
- the self-supporting film 1 consists of only metal particles 2 and voids 4. Since it does not contain an organic polymer, the air gap 4 is crushed and reduced by pressurization, the gap between the solids 6 and 7 is filled with a plurality of metal particles 2, the metal particles 2 are in direct contact, and the heat resistance , the electrical resistance can be reduced. Moreover, since it does not contain a thermally unstable organic polymer, it has excellent thermal stability and improves the heat resistance of the bonding interface.
- the self-supporting film 1 consists only of metal particles 2 with a clean surface and a volume average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less and voids 4 .
- the plurality of metal particles 2 are bonded by sintering.
- a plurality of metal particles 2 are combined by sintering, the particle size is increased, and a dense bulk joint is formed.
- the thermal resistance and electrical resistance of the bonding interface are reduced, and the mechanical strength and heat resistance are improved.
- the voids 4 before pressurization partially remain, so that the bonding interface is excellent in resistance to thermal stress and mechanical stress. Bonding of the metal particles 2 by sintering also occurs under pressure at room temperature.
- the self-supporting film 1 has a porous structure composed of the aggregates 3 of the metal particles 2 and the voids 4, thereby exhibiting low electrical resistance, low thermal resistance, high mechanical strength, heat resistance and flexibility. and can be mass-produced at low cost.
- volume average particle size of the metal particles 2 When the volume average particle size of the metal particles 2 is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, sintering progresses between the metal particles 2 over time at room temperature, and the flexibility is impaired and the shape of the interface is not followed. Resistance, low heat resistance, and high mechanical strength properties are not expressed. If the volume-average particle size of the metal particles 2 exceeds 3 ⁇ m, the surface area of the metal particles 2 decreases and the contact area between the metal particles 2 decreases, making it difficult to form a self-supporting film.
- the self-supporting film 1 exhibits low electrical resistance, low thermal resistance, and high mechanical strength, is excellent in heat resistance and flexibility, and is inexpensive because the volume average particle diameter of the metal particles 2 is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less. Mass production is possible.
- the self-supporting film 1 has a porosity of 50% by volume or more and 99% by volume or less, thereby improving the flexibility while maintaining the self-supporting property.
- the self-supporting film 1 has excellent heat resistance, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity because the metal particles 2 are made of silver. By not including Ag foil, it is possible to realize the self-supporting film 1 which has a silver mass per unit area of a small value of 1 mg/cm 2 or more and 30 mg/cm 2 or less and which maintains self-supporting properties.
- Example ⁇ Production of self-supporting membrane> A mask provided with a square opening with a side length of 1 cm is placed on the substrate 14, an inert gas is flowed into the chamber 13, the metal 11 is evaporated in the inert gas, and the substrate 14 is Metal particles 2 were deposited thereon to form a free-standing film precursor 15 .
- Argon (Ar) gas was used as an inert gas. Ag was used as the metal 11 .
- a Si substrate was used as the base material 14 .
- the temperature of the substrate 14 was room temperature.
- the deposition time was 115 seconds.
- the self-supporting film precursor 15 was peeled off from the substrate 14 using tweezers and a blower, and the free-standing films were collected as square-shaped self-supporting films with a side length of 1 cm.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram explaining the relationship between the pressure of the inert gas during deposition and the properties of the self-supporting film. From the SEM images shown in FIG. 5, Example 1 (10 Torr) has a pillar-like structure, Example 2 (30 Torr) has a structure in which particles are deposited, and Example 3 (90 Torr) and Example 4 (270 Torr) have a dendritic structure. It was confirmed that each of Examples 1 to 4 had a structure with many voids.
- Example 1 the mean free path of Ag atoms and Ag nanoparticles during deposition is long, and coalescence due to collisions between Ag atoms, between Ag nanoparticles, and between Ag atoms and Ag nanoparticles does not proceed, so Ag particles It is thought that the Ag particles deposited on the substrate 14 before the particle size of the particles increased, and sintering of the Ag particles with a diameter of about 0.4 ⁇ m and having large unstable surfaces proceeded to form a pillar-like structure.
- Example 2 since the Ar pressure is higher than that in Example 1, the mean free path of Ag atoms and Ag nanoparticles during deposition is short, and coalescence due to collision proceeds.
- Example 2 the particle size of the Ag particles increased, and in addition to small Ag particles with a diameter of about 0.3 ⁇ m, stable Ag particles with a diameter of about 1 ⁇ m were deposited on the substrate 14 .
- the Ag particles which grew larger due to the further increase in the Ar pressure, could not reach the substrate 14 due to gravitational sedimentation, and only Ag particles having a medium particle size of about 0.6 ⁇ m in diameter were found. was deposited on the substrate 14, resulting in a decrease in surface loading and a dendritic structure in which Ag particles with medium grain sizes were partially sintered on the substrate 14 without grain boundaries. .
- the free-standing film was observed at 10,000 times using an SEM (S-4800, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Co., Ltd.), and the metal particles in the SEM image were approximated by ellipses to determine the major and minor diameters. The diameter was measured, and the geometric mean of the measured major and minor diameters was obtained to determine the particle size of the metal particles. This particle size measurement was performed on 50 metal particles to determine the particle size distribution, and the number average particle size and volume average particle size were calculated.
- the particle size range of 0.0 to 3.0 ⁇ m is divided by 0.2 ⁇ m, and the number of metal particles is counted for each divided particle size division, with the horizontal axis representing the particle size and the vertical axis. is histogrammed as the number of metal particles corresponding to each particle size category.
- the film thickness of the self-supporting film was measured using a laser displacement meter (LK-G30, manufactured by KEYENCE). The film thickness was the largest at 165 ⁇ m in Example 2 in which the Ar pressure during deposition was 30 Torr, decreased as the Ar pressure during deposition increased, and was 44 ⁇ m in Example 4. It should be noted that the film thickness can be increased by lengthening the deposition time even under the condition that the Ar pressure is high.
- the mass of silver per unit area was calculated by measuring the mass of the self-supporting film and dividing it by the area of the self-supporting film.
- the surface loading monotonically decreased as the Ar pressure during deposition increased, with the maximum value being 26.6 mg/cm 2 in Example 1 and the minimum value being 5.0 mg/cm 2 in Example 4.
- the filling rate was calculated by multiplying the value obtained by dividing the surface loading amount by the value obtained by multiplying the film thickness by the density of silver ([surface loading amount]/([film thickness] ⁇ [silver density])) and multiplying by 100. .
- the density of silver was 10.5 g/cm 3 .
- the porosity was calculated by 100-[filling factor].
- the filling factor monotonously decreased with increasing Ar pressure during deposition, and the porosity monotonically increased with increasing Ar pressure during deposition.
- the porosity had a minimum value of 82.4% in Example 1 and a maximum value of 89.2% in Example 4. It is thought that as the Ar pressure during deposition increased, the proportion of small particles contained in the Ag particles deposited on the substrate decreased, making sintering more difficult, and the porosity increased without densification.
- a sample was placed between two copper blocks (Cu blocks) placed one above the other and pressurized at 32°C and 0.8 MPa.
- the film thickness of the sample before and after pressurization was measured, and the filling rate was calculated.
- the method for measuring the film thickness and the method for calculating the filling rate are as described above.
- the film thickness deformation rate was calculated by dividing the film thickness after pressurization by the film thickness before pressurization and multiplying by 100.
- FIG. 6(a) is a graph showing the film thickness and filling rate before and after pressurization with respect to the Ar pressure during deposition.
- FIG. 6B is a graph showing the filling rate after pressurization and the film thickness deformation rate with respect to the filling rate before pressurization. From FIG. 6A, Example 1, in which the Ar pressure during deposition is 10 Torr, has a small change in film thickness and filling rate before and after pressurization. It was confirmed that the film thickness decreased and the filling rate increased due to pressurization. As can be seen from FIG. 6B, the film thickness deformation rate varies greatly depending on the filling rate before pressurization, and the smaller the filling rate before pressurization, the greater the film thickness deformation rate increases.
- Example 1 the filling rate before pressurization was 17.6%, and the film thickness deformation rate was almost 0%.
- the deformation rate is as large as about 35%. This indicates that the smaller the filling rate, that is, the larger the porosity of the self-supporting membrane, the more the voids are crushed and reduced by the application of pressure, and the membrane thickness is greatly reduced.
- Thermal resistance was measured using the self-supporting films of Examples 1 to 3 as samples.
- the measurement of thermal resistance was performed by the steady-state method.
- the sample was placed between two Cu blocks arranged vertically, and while pressurizing under the condition of 0.8 MPa, the upper Cu block was heated with a heater to 32 ° C., and the lower Cu block was cooled with a chiller. .
- a heat flux q was allowed to flow in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the sample, and the sample was allowed to stand and waited until a steady state was reached.
- Steady-state top and bottom Cu block temperatures were measured with a radiation thermometer.
- the temperature at the end point of the Cu block ie, the temperature at the end point of the sample, was extrapolated to obtain the temperature difference ⁇ T. Then, the thermal resistance R total was calculated by dividing the temperature difference ⁇ T by the heat flux q.
- the heat flux q used to calculate the thermal resistance Rtotal is the average value of the heat fluxes of the upper and lower Cu blocks.
- Fig. 7 is a graph showing the thermal resistance against the filling rate before pressurization of the self-supporting membrane. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that the thermal resistance decreases as the Ar pressure during deposition increases and the filling rate decreases. It is considered that the lower the filling rate and the higher the porosity, the easier the self-supporting film is deformed in the film thickness direction, and the followability to the microscopic unevenness of the surface of the Cu block is improved at the interface with the Cu block.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing thermal resistances of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the self-supporting film of Example 3 was placed between two Cu blocks, pressurized under conditions of 32° C. and 0.8 MPa, and thermal resistance was measured.
- Comparative Example 1 thermal resistance was measured under the same conditions as in Example without placing anything between the two Cu blocks.
- Comparative Example 2 an indium sheet with a film thickness of 100 ⁇ m was placed between two Cu blocks, and thermal resistance was measured under the same conditions as in Example.
- Comparative Example 3 a film in which an Ag layer with a thickness of 15 to 61 ⁇ m was formed on both sides of an Ag foil with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m under the same conditions as in Example 3 was placed between two Cu blocks, and the conditions were the same as in Example.
- the thermal resistance was measured at N in FIG. 8 is the number of measurements of thermal resistance, the graph shows the average value of the measured values, and the error bar shows the standard deviation. From FIG. 8, it was confirmed that the thermal resistance of the example was 16 mm 2 K/W, which was about 1/10 of that of the comparative example 1. Moreover, it was confirmed that a thermal resistance value lower than that of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 was obtained.
- the self-supporting film of Example 3 is flexible and easily deformed in the film thickness direction, and at the interface with the Cu block, the microscopic unevenness on the surface of the Cu block can be followed. This is considered to be an improved result.
- FIG. 9A is a graph in which the horizontal axis represents heating temperature and the vertical axis represents thermal resistance.
- the self-supporting film of Example 3 was placed between two Cu blocks, heated in a temperature cycle in which the temperature was repeatedly raised and lowered, and the thermal resistance was measured under a pressure of 0.8 MPa.
- the temperature cycle is 82°C ⁇ 108°C ⁇ 50°C ⁇ 162°C ⁇ 50°C ⁇ 211°C ⁇ 50°C ⁇ 279°C, with the temperature at the start of measurement represented by P1 being 82°C.
- the thermal resistance was measured twice with a cycle of 50°C ⁇ 280°C ⁇ 50°C, ending at 50°C, denoted by P2.
- the thermal resistance is 11.3 mm 2 K/W at 82.1°C, 8.7 mm 2 K/W at 108°C, 4.8 mm 2 K/W at 162°C and 2.9 mm 2 K/W at 211°C. , 1.8 mm 2 K/W at 279° C., and it was confirmed that the higher the temperature, the lower the thermal resistance. It was also confirmed that once the thermal resistance decreased at a high temperature, the low thermal resistance was maintained even when the temperature of the self-supporting film was returned to 50°C. Especially when the temperature was returned to 50° C. after being heated to 279° C. (P2), the thermal resistance decreased to below the lower limit of measurement.
- FIG. 9(b) is a SEM image showing the cross section of the self-supporting film at the point indicated by P1 in FIG. 9(a) (at the start of the temperature cycle), and FIG. 9(c) is P2 in FIG. Fig.
- 10 is an SEM image showing a cross-section of a free-standing film at the indicated point (after temperature cycling); It can be confirmed that the temperature cycle promotes sintering between Ag particles, increases the diameter of the particles, and enlarges the dendritic structure of silver from several tens to several hundred nm to several ⁇ m.
- FIG. 10 shows the result of testing the heat resistance of the self-supporting film.
- a sample was prepared by placing the free-standing film of Example 3 between two Cu blocks and applying pressure at 300° C. and 100 MPa.
- a sample was prepared by placing an indium sheet with a film thickness of 100 ⁇ m between two Cu blocks and applying pressure at 150° C. and 100 MPa.
- Each sample of Examples and Comparative Examples was placed so as to be suspended inside a heating apparatus, and the temperature was raised from 25° C. to 900° C. in an air atmosphere. The heating rate was set at 5°C/min.
- the lower Cu block separated and dropped at 536°C.
- the fixed state of the upper and lower Cu blocks was maintained up to 900° C., and the fixed state was maintained even after cooling.
- the self-supporting film has a clean surface and a nanostructure containing Ag particles with a volume average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less, the Cu block is welded by pressurization at 300 ° C. and 100 MPa, resulting in high interfacial stability. It is considered to have been obtained.
- the self-supporting film does not contain thermally unstable organic polymers, it is considered that the thermal stability of the joint is excellent and the high heat resistance of the joint interface is obtained.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of measuring the electrical resistance.
- the electrical resistance of the self-supporting film in the direction perpendicular to the plane was measured by the four-probe method.
- Strip-shaped copper plates having a width of 7 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were perpendicular to each other, and a self-supporting film was arranged between the copper plates.
- the self-supporting film was sandwiched between copper plates, and the electrical resistance was measured under a pressure of 0.8 MPa at room temperature.
- the self-supporting film was sandwiched between copper plates, and was sintered by pressurizing the self-supporting film at 100 MPa while heating at 100° C., 200° C., and 300° C., respectively. Electrical resistance was measured. The electrical resistance was measured by applying a voltage between the copper plates using a multimeter and measuring the value of current flowing between the copper plates.
- the multimeter used was a digital multimeter (KEITHLEY2400, manufactured by KEITHLEY). The electrical resistance value was calculated from the slope of the current-voltage straight line according to Ohm's law.
- Comparative Example 1 two copper plates were brought into contact at right angles and the electrical resistance was measured while applying pressure of 0.8 MPa at room temperature.
- Comparative Example 2 two copper plates are perpendicular to each other, an Ag paste containing an organic dispersant and a metal filler is placed between the copper plates, heated to 150 ° C. and pressurized at 100 MPa, and then at room temperature and 0.8 MPa. Electrical resistance was measured while applying pressure.
- FIG. 11 shows the electrical resistance values of Examples and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 when the temperature conditions are room temperature, 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C. It was confirmed that the electrical resistance of the example in which the self-supporting film was sandwiched was lower than that of the comparative example 1 in which the copper plates were brought into direct contact with each other. This is because the flexible self-supporting film deformed following the interface with the copper plate, increasing the contact area between the self-supporting film and the copper plate. Comparing the examples under different temperature conditions, it can be seen that the higher the temperature, the lower the electrical resistance.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of a tensile test performed to evaluate the mechanical strength of the self-supporting membrane.
- Samples were prepared by placing the free-standing film of Example 3 between two Cu blocks and applying pressure at 300° C. and 100-1000 MPa.
- a universal testing machine "AUTOGRAPH AG-100kN" manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used. A sample was placed in a universal testing machine, and a tensile test was performed under conditions of a tensile stress of 140 MPa.
- the stroke (elongation) ( ⁇ m) calculated from the strain value and the gauge length is plotted on the horizontal axis, and the tensile stress (MPa) is plotted on the vertical axis.
- the figure shows the tensile stress for the stroke of the joint).
- the joints are plotted with ⁇ symbols, and the non-joints are plotted with X symbols. From FIG. 12, it was confirmed that the joint did not break up to a tensile stress of 140 MPa, the joint absorbed the tensile stress and was displaced, showing high mechanical strength.
- the self-supporting film 1 and the carrier base material may constitute a laminated sheet.
- the self-supporting film 1 may be held in a pattern on the carrier substrate.
- the carrier base material is for temporarily fixing the self-supporting film 1, and is made of a material from which the self-supporting film 1 can be peeled off.
- Materials for the carrier substrate include, for example, low-adhesive adhesive films for temporary fixing and heat release tapes.
- the carrier substrate may comprise, for example, a long flexible tape. Since the self-supporting film 1 is held by the carrier base material, the laminated sheet is effective for transportation and storage, and the self-supporting film 1 can be easily peeled off from the carrier base material, so that the self-supporting film 1 is excellent in handleability.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram schematically showing an example of a laminated sheet manufacturing apparatus.
- the laminated sheet manufacturing apparatus 20 deposits a rotatable endless belt-shaped base material 14 and metal particles 2 generated by evaporating a metal 11 on the base material 14 to form aggregates of the metal particles 2 on the base material 14.
- a self-supporting film precursor forming part 21 that forms a self-supporting film precursor 15 having a porous structure consisting of 3 and voids 4, and a carrier base 24 that can move by peeling the self-supporting film precursor 15 from the base material 14.
- a self-supporting film precursor peeling section 22 for transferring, and a chamber 13 accommodating the substrate 14 , the self-supporting film precursor forming section 21 , and the self-supporting film precursor peeling section 22 are provided.
- the self-supporting film precursor forming section 21 has a metal 11 as a vapor deposition source, a boat 12 containing the metal 11, and a mask 23 provided between the metal 11 and the substrate 14.
- a vacuum generator 26 and an inert gas source 27 are connected to the chamber 13 .
- the laminated sheet manufacturing apparatus 20 evaporates the metal 11 in an inert gas of 10 Torr or more and 300 Torr or less to generate the metal particles 2 composed of the metal 11, and deposits the metal particles 2 on the rotating base material 14.
- a laminate sheet comprising a self-supporting film 1 and a carrier substrate 24 is formed by forming a self-supporting film precursor 15 having a porous structure (aerogel structure) and transferring the self-supporting film precursor 15 from a substrate 14 to a carrier substrate 24. 25 are produced.
- the self-supporting film 1 can be manufactured. That is, the laminated sheet manufacturing apparatus 20 can be used as a self-supporting film manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the self-supporting film 1 .
- a laminated sheet 25 in which the self-supporting film 1 is held on the carrier substrate 24 in a pattern is manufactured by using the mask 23 .
- Materials constituting the metal particles 2 include, in addition to silver, metals such as gold, copper, aluminum, zinc, indium, and tin, silver-copper alloys, aluminum-silicon alloys, tin-zinc alloys, tin-silver alloys, tin - alloys such as silver-copper alloys.
- the boat 12 has both a function as a crucible for containing the metal 11, which is the vapor deposition source, and a function as a heater for heating and evaporating the metal 11.
- the boat 12 is a crucible containing the metal 11 which is the vapor deposition source, and may be heated by a separately provided heater to raise the temperature and evaporate the metal 11 .
- Metal 11 may be continuously supplied to boat 12 .
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Abstract
Description
図1(a)において、自立膜1は、金属粒子2の凝集体3と空隙4とからなる多孔質構造を有する。本出願において、「多孔質構造」とは、粒子の凝集体が、数珠状に連なり3次元的なネットワークを構成した構造を意味する。本出願での「多孔質構造」は、特に、相互に繋がった固体粒子の連続相と液体の分散相からなるゲルに対し、相互に繋がった固体粒子の連続相と空気とからなる「エアロゲル構造」を含む。図1(b)は、自立膜1をピンセットで持ち上げている様子の写真である。自立膜1は、ピンセットで持ち上げても崩れることがなく、自立していることが分かる。図1(c)は、自立膜1のSEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)像である。
自立膜1の空隙率は50体積%以上99体積%以下である。空隙率は、自立膜1の総体積に占める空隙4の体積の割合であり、自立膜1における気体の体積割合である。空隙率は、80体積%以上95体積%以下であることが好ましく、85体積%以上90体積%以下であることがより好ましい。
また、自立膜1は、加圧により、複数の金属粒子2が、シンタリングにより結合する。シンタリングとは、金属粒子2を溶融することなく固体のまま接合することである。自立膜1は、表面が清浄であり、かつ体積平均粒径0.1μm以上3μm以下の金属粒子2を含むナノ構造を有するため、銀の融点である962℃よりも遥かに低い200℃以下の温度で加圧した場合でも、シンタリングにより銀の粒子が結合し、粒径が大きくなり、バルク状となる。複数の金属粒子2により緻密なバルク状の接合部が構成されることにより、接合界面の熱抵抗、電気抵抗が低減され、バルク相当まで力学強度と耐熱性が向上する。なお、バルク状の構造となった場合でも加圧前の空隙4は残るため、接合界面は、熱応力、機械的応力に対する耐性も優れる。シンタリングは、自立膜1のナノ構造により、室温での加圧によっても起こる。
図2に示す固体6がIC(Integrated Circuit)チップ等の発熱体であり、固体7がヒートシンク等の放熱体である場合、自立膜1は、熱界面接合材料(Thermal Interface Material)用自立膜として使用され、発熱体としての固体6から放熱体としての固体7へ熱を効率的に移動させることができる。
自立膜1の製造方法について、図3と図4を用いて以下に説明する。自立膜1は、ガス中蒸発・粒子堆積法を用いて製造することができる。
自立膜前駆体15は、基材14上に所定の開口を有するマスクを配置し、所定の開口の大きさで堆積することができる。自立膜前駆体15の大きさは任意であるが、例えば1辺の長さが1cmの正方形状の開口が設けられたマスクを用いることで、1cm×1cmとすることができる。マスクの形状と開口の大きさを変更し、自立膜前駆体15の面積(膜厚方向と直交する面の面積)を例えば100cm2以下とすることができる。
剥離は、例えば、ブロワーで空気を送りながらピンセットで剥離する方法、キャリア基材に転写する方法、自立膜前駆体15の一辺に平板の一辺を接触させて基材14の表面と平行な方向に自立膜前駆体15を押す方法、により行うことができる。剥離により、自立膜前駆体15と同じサイズの自立膜1が得られる。
自立膜1は、金属粒子2と空隙4のみからなり、高い空隙率を有し、金属の箔を含まない。固体間に配置され加圧されることによって、空隙4が潰されて圧縮し、固体間の界面の形状に対し柔軟に追従する。自立膜1は、金属の箔を含まないことにより、柔軟性により優れ、固体間の界面の形状に対し柔軟に追従する。また、金属の箔を用いる場合と比べて製造コストが抑えられる。
<自立膜の製造>
1辺の長さが1cmの正方形状の開口が設けられたマスクを基材14上に配置し、不活性ガスをチャンバ13内に流し、不活性ガス中で金属11を蒸発させ、基材14上に金属粒子2を堆積して自立膜前駆体15を形成した。不活性ガスとしてアルゴン(Ar)ガスを用いた。金属11としてAgを用いた。基材14としてSi基板を用いた。基材14の温度は室温とした。堆積時間は115秒とした。Arガスの圧力を10Torr、30Torr、90Torr、270Torrと変化させることにより、4つの自立膜を製造し、それぞれ実施例1~4とした。実施例1~4の自立膜は、ピンセットとブロワーを用いて基材14から自立膜前駆体15を剥離し、1辺の長さが1cmの正方形状の自立膜として回収した。
自立膜の膜厚は、レーザ変位計(KEYENCE社製、LK-G30)を用いて測定した。膜厚は、堆積時のAr圧力が30Torrの実施例2で最も大きく165μmであり、堆積時のAr圧力が増加するとともに減少し、実施例4で44μmであった。なお、膜厚は、Ar圧力が高い条件でも、堆積時間を長くすることで、厚くすることが可能である。
単位面積当たりの銀の質量(図5において「面積載量」と示している)は、自立膜の質量を測定し、自立膜の面積で除することで算出した。面積載量は、堆積時のAr圧力が高くなるとともに単調減少し、最大値が実施例1の26.6mg/cm2であり、最小値が実施例4の5.0mg/cm2であった。
充填率は、面積載量を、膜厚に銀の密度を乗じた値で除した値([面積載量]/([膜厚]×[銀の密度]))に100を乗じて算出した。銀の密度は10.5g/cm3とした。空隙率は、100-[充填率]で算出した。充填率は、堆積時のAr圧力が高くなるとともに単調減少し、空隙率は、堆積時のAr圧力が高くなるとともに単調増加した。空隙率は、最小値が実施例1の82.4%であり、最大値が実施例4の89.2%であった。堆積時のAr圧力が高くなるとともに、基板上に堆積するAg粒子の中に含まれる小さな粒子の割合が減少してシンタリングし難くなり、緻密化せずに空隙率が増加したと考えられる。
実施例1~3の各自立膜をサンプルとして用いて、自立膜の加圧前後の膜厚と充填率を測定した。
実施例1~3の各自立膜をサンプルとして用いて、熱抵抗を測定した。熱抵抗の測定は、定常法により行った。上下に配置した2つのCuブロックの間にサンプルを配置し、0.8MPaの条件で加圧しながら、上側のCuブロックをヒータで加熱して32℃とし、下側のCuブロックをチラーで冷却した。熱流束qをサンプルの面直方向に流して静置し、定常状態となるまで待った。定常状態の上下のCuブロックの温度を放射熱温度計で測定した。Cuブロックの温度プロファイルから、Cuブロックの端点、つまりサンプルの端点の温度にあたる点の温度を外挿し、温度差ΔTを求めた。そして、温度差ΔTを熱流束qで除して熱抵抗Rtotalを算出した。熱抵抗Rtotalの算出に用いる熱流束qは、上下のCuブロックの各熱流束の平均値である。
図9(b)は図9(a)のP1で表したポイント(温度サイクル開始時)での自立膜の断面を示すSEM像であり、図9(c)は図9(a)のP2で表したポイント(温度サイクル後)での自立膜の断面を示すSEM像である。温度サイクルにより、Ag粒子間のシンタリングが進み、粒子の径が大きくなり、数十~数百nmの銀の樹枝状構造が数μmまで肥大化していることが確認できる。
自立膜の耐熱性を試験した結果を、図10に示す。実施例3の自立膜を2つのCuブロックの間に配置し、300℃、100MPaの条件で加圧してサンプルを準備した。比較例として、膜厚100μmのインジウムシートを2つのCuブロックの間に配置し、150℃、100MPaの条件で加圧してサンプルを準備した。実施例及び比較例の各サンプルを加熱装置の内部に吊り下げるように配置し、大気雰囲気中で25℃から900℃まで昇温した。昇温速度は5℃/minとした。
電気抵抗を測定した結果を、図11に示す。実施例3の自立膜を実施例として用い、4端子法により自立膜の面直方向の電気抵抗を測定した。幅7mm、厚さ0.2mmの短冊状の銅板を直交させ、銅板間に自立膜を配置した。自立膜を銅板間に挟み、室温で0.8MPaの加圧状態で電気抵抗を測定した。また、自立膜を銅板間に挟み、それぞれ、100℃加熱、200℃加熱、300℃加熱の状態で100MPaで自立膜を加圧してシンタリングさせた後、室温で0.8MPaの加圧状態で電気抵抗を測定した。電気抵抗の測定は、マルチメータを用いて銅板間に電圧を印加し、銅板間に流れる電流値を計測した。使用したマルチメータは、デジタルマルチメータ(KEITHLEY社製、KEITHLEY2400)である。オームの法則により、電流-電圧直線の傾きから電気抵抗値を算出した。
自立膜の力学強度を評価するために引張試験を行った結果を、図12に示す。実施例3の自立膜を2つのCuブロックの間に配置し、300℃、100~1000MPaの条件で加圧してサンプルを準備した。引張試験は、島津製作所製「AUTOGRAPH AG-100kN」万能試験機を用いた。万能試験機にサンプルを配置し、引張応力140MPaの条件で引張試験を行った。
2 金属粒子
3 凝集体
4 空隙
Claims (12)
- 金属粒子の凝集体と空隙とからなる多孔質構造を有する自立膜。
- 前記金属粒子の体積平均粒径は0.1μm以上3μm以下である請求項1に記載の自立膜。
- 空隙率は50体積%以上99体積%以下である請求項1又は2に記載の自立膜。
- 前記金属粒子は銀により構成されている請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の自立膜。
- 単位面積当たりの前記銀の質量は1mg/cm2以上50mg/cm2以下である請求項4に記載の自立膜。
- 有機高分子を含まない請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の自立膜。
- 金属の箔を含まない請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の自立膜。
- 界面接合材料用自立膜である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の自立膜。
- 熱界面接合材料用自立膜である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の自立膜。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の自立膜と、
キャリア基材と
を備える積層シート。 - 前記自立膜は、前記キャリア基材上にパターン状に保持されている請求項10に記載の積層シート。
- 10Torr以上300Torr以下の不活性ガス中で金属を蒸発させ、前記金属で構成された金属粒子を生成し、
前記金属粒子を基材上に堆積させ、前記基材上に前記金属粒子の凝集体と空隙とからなる多孔質構造を有する自立膜前駆体を形成し、
前記基材から前記自立膜前駆体を剥離する自立膜の製造方法。
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| KR1020247018021A KR20240099372A (ko) | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-10 | 자립막, 적층 시트, 및 자립막의 제조 방법 |
| CN202280074052.6A CN118266073A (zh) | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-10 | 自立膜、层叠片以及自立膜的制造方法 |
| US18/709,144 US20250001495A1 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-10 | Self-supporting film, laminated sheet, and method for manufacturing self-supporting film |
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| JP2021-184864 | 2021-11-12 | ||
| JP2021184864A JP7424652B2 (ja) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | 自立膜、積層シート、及び自立膜の製造方法 |
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| KR (1) | KR20240099372A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN118266073A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2023085359A1 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007151805A (ja) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-06-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 医療用デバイスおよび医療用デバイスの表面改質方法 |
| JP2016169411A (ja) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-23 | 日立化成株式会社 | 多孔質銀製シート及び多孔質銀製シートを用いた金属製部材接合体 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9703920D0 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1997-04-16 | Univ Southampton | Method of preparing a porous metal |
| WO2008062925A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Hak Sik Joo | Method for manufacturing open cell microporous metal |
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- 2021-11-12 JP JP2021184864A patent/JP7424652B2/ja active Active
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2022
- 2022-11-10 KR KR1020247018021A patent/KR20240099372A/ko active Pending
- 2022-11-10 US US18/709,144 patent/US20250001495A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-10 CN CN202280074052.6A patent/CN118266073A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007151805A (ja) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-06-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 医療用デバイスおよび医療用デバイスの表面改質方法 |
| JP2016169411A (ja) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-23 | 日立化成株式会社 | 多孔質銀製シート及び多孔質銀製シートを用いた金属製部材接合体 |
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| US20250001495A1 (en) | 2025-01-02 |
| CN118266073A (zh) | 2024-06-28 |
| KR20240099372A (ko) | 2024-06-28 |
| JP2023072359A (ja) | 2023-05-24 |
| JP7424652B2 (ja) | 2024-01-30 |
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