WO2023082776A1 - 一种箱型预制构件系统及操作方法 - Google Patents

一种箱型预制构件系统及操作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023082776A1
WO2023082776A1 PCT/CN2022/115280 CN2022115280W WO2023082776A1 WO 2023082776 A1 WO2023082776 A1 WO 2023082776A1 CN 2022115280 W CN2022115280 W CN 2022115280W WO 2023082776 A1 WO2023082776 A1 WO 2023082776A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formwork
wall
steel
frame
guide rail
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/115280
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高渭泉
连洁
郑海波
卢奇
谭宇
彭辉
祝文飞
Original Assignee
江西志特新材料股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江西志特新材料股份有限公司 filed Critical 江西志特新材料股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023082776A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023082776A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/08Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G19/00Auxiliary treatment of forms, e.g. dismantling; Cleaning devices
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/06Solidifying concrete, e.g. by application of vacuum before hardening
    • E04G21/08Internal vibrators, e.g. needle vibrators
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14Conveying or assembling building elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/18Adjusting tools; Templates
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/18Adjusting tools; Templates
    • E04G21/1841Means for positioning building parts or elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/24Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction
    • E04G21/246Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction specially adapted for curing concrete in situ, e.g. by covering it with protective sheets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02Forming boards or similar elements
    • E04G9/06Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G2011/067Integrated forms comprising shuttering skin, bracing or strutting arrangements, workplatforms and railings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the construction field, in particular to a box-type prefabricated component system and an operation method.
  • Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction also known as “box prefabricated assembly system” (or “prefabricated prefabricated box building”, or “3D modular building”), which is to make the whole room in the prefabricated factory.
  • box prefabricated assembly system or "prefabricated prefabricated box building”, or “3D modular building”
  • 3D modular building 3D modular building
  • This technology can increase construction efficiency by up to 50%, greatly reduce labor costs and reduce the number of workers. Second, greatly reduce environmental pollution. Because the main battlefield of production is transferred from the project to the factory, the noise and dust pollution faced during the construction process will also be greatly reduced.
  • this technology generally uses steel formwork for factory processing.
  • the PPVC structure is generally poured in three times, the bottom plate is poured for the first time, the wall is poured for the second time, and the roof is poured for the third time.
  • the steel formwork system consists of bottom formwork, wall formwork and top formwork. Wall formwork is divided into interior wall formwork and exterior wall formwork. When resetting and demoulding, most of them use manual demoulding or manual adjustment of the hydraulic mechanism, which requires repeated adjustments, wasting time and labor costs; moreover, it needs to be cast in three times, and the waiting time is too long .
  • the invention provides a box-type prefabricated component system and an operation method to solve the problems of large manpower input, high labor intensity and low comprehensive work efficiency caused by the steel formwork system used in the existing modular buildings.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a box-type prefabricated component system comprising an inner formwork system, an outer formwork system and a terminal formwork, the inner formwork system, the outer formwork system and the end formwork are enclosed to form a forming cavity, and the forming cavity is used for
  • the concrete is formed and solidified.
  • One side of the outer formwork system is provided with a walking system extending away from the direction of the end formwork.
  • the inner formwork system is arranged on the walking system and passes in and out of the outer formwork system back and forth.
  • the external formwork system includes side external wall steel components, bottom wall steel components and rear wall steel components, the bottom wall components are arranged on the pedestal, and the side external wall steel components are arranged opposite to the bottom wall steel components
  • the steel member of the rear wall is arranged on one side of the steel member of the bottom wall, and the other side is connected with the end formwork, and a plurality of external formwork pairing rods are arranged between the steel members of the outer walls on both sides.
  • the steel member, the bottom wall steel member, the rear wall steel member and the end formwork enclose to form a recess for accommodating the internal formwork system.
  • the steel components of the side exterior wall include several H-shaped steels, connecting frames, oblique connecting frames and side external wall templates, the two sides of the H-shaped steels are welded with the connecting frames, and the H-shaped steels are arranged side by side through the connecting frames, and the two sides
  • An inclined connecting frame is arranged between the two connecting frames, and a plurality of back corrugations are arranged between the H-shaped steel and the side exterior wall formwork, and the two ends of the connecting frame are hingedly provided with a side exterior wall guide frame, and the side exterior wall
  • a first side outer wall pull rod is provided between the guide frame and the side outer wall formwork, and a side outer track that slides relative to the side outer wall guide frame is provided on the pedestal, and a drag side outer wall is provided on one side of the track.
  • the steel member moves the second side external wall pull rod, and the upper end of the H-shaped steel is provided with a walkway plate and a guardrail.
  • the steel member of the rear wall includes a rear rail and a right-angle steel frame sliding on the rear rail, the rear rail is arranged on a pedestal, and an outer rear wall template is arranged on the right-angle steel frame, the There are multiple back corrugations between the formwork of the outer back wall and the right-angle steel frame.
  • the right-angle steel frame is connected with the steel member of the bottom wall through right-angle tie rods.
  • the rear wall pull rod, the top of the right-angle steel frame is provided with a guardrail.
  • the steel member of the bottom wall includes a bottom wall formwork arranged on the pedestal, a vertical and horizontal beam frame is arranged between the bottom wall formwork and the pedestal, and the two sides of the vertical and horizontal beam frame are arranged on the H-shaped steel frame.
  • One end of the vertical and horizontal beam frame is provided with a bottom oblique stay connected with a right-angled pull rod.
  • the internal formwork system includes at least 2 longitudinal trusses, several portal frames, internal formwork components and support components, the longitudinal trusses are connected to the walking system through legs, and there is a gap between the longitudinal trusses and the legs An electric screw rod is provided to drive the longitudinal truss to move up and down.
  • the portal frame is evenly arranged on the longitudinal truss.
  • the inner formwork assembly includes wall side formwork, inner rear wall formwork, top formwork and corner formwork assemblies.
  • the support assembly includes Adjustable supports and inner support rods, the wall side formwork is arranged on both sides of the longitudinal truss through adjustable supports and inner support rods, one side of the wall side formwork is pivotally connected to the flap, and the flap is connected to the strong side
  • a flap pull bar for realizing the rotation of the flap is arranged between the molds, the top mold is arranged on the upper end of the door frame, and the inner rear wall template is arranged on the door frame through adjustable supports and inner support rods.
  • the corner formwork assembly includes a corner formwork, a beam side formwork, a beam corner formwork, a balcony formwork and a beam bottom formwork, the corner formwork is arranged between the wall side formwork and the inner rear wall formwork, and the beam side formwork
  • the beam angle form is arranged on both sides of the beam side form
  • the balcony form is arranged on the upper end of the door frame
  • the beam bottom form is arranged between the balcony form and the beam side form.
  • the walking system includes a guide rail, a guide rail support, a pre-embedded sleeve and a bottom beam
  • the guide rail support is arranged in parallel on the pedestal
  • the embedded sleeve is arranged in parallel with the guide rail support
  • the guide rail is arranged parallelly on the bottom wall formwork and the pedestal through the embedded sleeve and the guide rail support
  • the legs are arranged on the bottom beam through the adjustment block
  • both sides of the bottom beam are set
  • the bottom beam is arranged on the guide rail through the wheel set, and the motor drives the wheel set to drive the bottom beam to move back and forth along the guide rail direction.
  • the adjustment block includes an adjustment protrusion and a slider
  • the adjustment protrusion is arranged directly above the wheel set
  • the slider is slidably connected to the adjustment protrusion through a card slot
  • the legs are connected to the slider
  • the bottom beam is also provided with an adjustment rod, one end of the adjustment rod is connected to the bottom beam, and the other end is connected to the slider.
  • a method for operating a box-type prefabricated component characterized in that it includes the following steps:
  • the right-angle steel frame is installed on the rear side track, and the outer rear wall formwork is installed on the right-angle steel frame through the back corrugation, and then the right-angle tie rod is connected with the diagonally-stayed bolts at the bottom of the longitudinal and horizontal beam frame to tighten the position of the right-angle steel frame, and at the same time Install the back wall tie rods on the pedestal and the outer back wall formwork.
  • the support components are held accurately, so that the wall side formwork, inner back wall formwork, top formwork and corner formwork components are in contact to prevent cracks from causing grout leakage
  • the material When pouring openings such as doors and windows, the material should be evenly and symmetrically cut along both sides of the opening, and the distance between the vibrating rod and the opening should not be less than 300mm, and vibrate from both sides at the same time to prevent deformation of the opening, ensure that the concrete is dense and reduce air bubbles;
  • At least two operators shall be on standby at any time to check the connection of pins, pins and jacks on both sides of the wall being poured, so as to prevent the pins, pins from falling off and the shrinkage of the jack;
  • the prefabricated components can only be hoisted after the inner formwork system and the outer formwork system have been withdrawn from the mold;
  • Step B can be performed immediately after step F is completed.
  • the present invention has the advantages of:
  • the one-time pouring of concrete can reduce one construction joint, the structural integrity is better, and the concrete appearance quality is better; the wall-penetrating process is avoided, the structural wall does not have a wall hole, and the structural appearance and waterproof performance are better.
  • the inner formwork system and the outer formwork system are all controlled by a hydraulic system.
  • the first side outer wall tie rod, the second side outer wall tie rod, the rear wall tie rod, the electric screw, the adjustable support and the inner support rod all reserve 30% of the stroke. It is convenient to use components of different sizes; the automatic hydraulic pump station can change the action, stroke and pressure of the above-mentioned various tie rods by adjusting the preset program, and can realize one-key shrinkage and reset.
  • the formwork is removed quickly, and it can be put in place quickly.
  • the overall push-pull frame and formwork are adopted to reduce the number of times of use of large equipment such as gantry cranes.
  • the aluminum mold has a small modulus, can be flexibly adjusted in size, is easy to redesign, and can be reused.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the front view of the present invention
  • Figure 3-4 is the internal structure diagram of the internal formwork system
  • Fig. 5 is the front view of internal formwork system
  • Figure 6-8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the external formwork system
  • Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of bottom wall template
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a longitudinal truss
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; may be mechanically connected, may also be electrically connected; may be directly connected, may also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and may be internal communication between two components.
  • installation should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; may be mechanically connected, may also be electrically connected; may be directly connected, may also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and may be internal communication between two components.
  • FIG. 1-10 the best implementation mode of a box-type prefabricated component system and operation method disclosed in Fig. 1-10:
  • a box-shaped prefabricated component system includes an inner formwork system, an outer formwork system, and an end formwork, and the inner formwork system, the outer formwork system, and the end formwork enclose a forming cavity 101,
  • the forming cavity 101 is used for concrete molding and solidification.
  • One side of the outer formwork system is provided with a walking system extending away from the direction of the end formwork.
  • the inner formwork system is arranged on the walking system and passes through the walking system. To and fro in and out of the outer formwork system. When in use, the inner formwork system, the outer formwork system and the end formwork form a forming cavity 101, and then pour concrete into the forming cavity 101 to form.
  • the external formwork system includes side exterior wall steel components, bottom wall steel components and rear wall steel components; the external formwork system can be determined according to actual conditions, and is not limited to only side exterior wall steel components. Components, Bottom Wall Steel Components and Back Wall Steel Components.
  • the side exterior wall steel components include 5 H-shaped steels 201, 4 connecting frames Connecting frame 203 and two multi-side exterior wall templates 204, two connecting frames 202 are respectively arranged at the bottom of H-shaped steel 201 and arranged front and back, and two connecting frames 202 are arranged at the middle and upper positions of H-shaped steel 201 to form a whole;
  • the connecting frames 202 are arranged between the connecting frames 202 at the bottom to play a stable role.
  • two side exterior wall formworks 204 are provided, which are respectively a large and a small side exterior wall formwork 204.
  • the large side exterior wall formwork 204 is set on the lower floor, and the small side exterior wall formwork 204 is set on the upper floor.
  • the side exterior wall formwork 204 is connected to the H-shaped steel 201 through the back corrugation 205.
  • the back corrugation 205 acts as a reinforcement to prevent deformation during pouring of cement .
  • a side outer wall guide frame 206 is respectively provided at both ends of the connecting frame 202 at the bottom, and a first side outer wall pull rod 207 is arranged between the side outer wall guide frame 206 and the side outer wall formwork 204.
  • the first side outer wall pull rod 207 is set to adjust the verticality of the side outer wall template 204.
  • the pedestal 102 is provided with a side outer track 208 that slides relative to the side outer wall guide frame 206.
  • One side of the track is provided with a drag
  • the second side outer wall pull rod 209 that moves the steel member of the movable side outer wall;
  • the upper end of the H-shaped steel 201 is provided with a walkway plate 210 and a guardrail 211, and the side of the outermost H-shaped steel 201 is also provided with stairs for workers to climb.
  • a plurality of outer mold pair tie rods 103 are arranged between the two side outer wall steel members.
  • the steel member of the rear wall includes a rear rail 301 and a right-angle steel frame 302 sliding on the rear rail 301, the rear rail 301 is arranged on the platform 102, and the right-angle steel frame 302 is provided with Outer rear wall template 303, a plurality of back corrugations 205 are arranged between the outer rear wall template 303 and the right-angle steel frame 302, the right-angle steel frame 302 is connected with the bottom wall steel member through a right-angle tie rod 304, and the pedestal 102 and the Between the outer rear wall templates 303 there is a rear wall pull rod 305 which drags the right-angle steel frame 302 to move, and the top of the right-angle steel frame 302 is provided with a guardrail 211 .
  • the right-angle tie rod 304 is rigidly connected to the steel member of the bottom wall, thereby fixing the position of the right-angle steel frame 302, which will not move during pouring, and prevents cracks from causing grout leakage;
  • the pull rod 305 is compressed, thereby dragging the entire right-angle steel frame 302 to move along the direction of the rear side rail 301, thereby realizing automatic demoulding.
  • the bottom wall steel member includes a bottom wall formwork 401 arranged on the pedestal 102, and a longitudinal beam frame 402 is arranged between the bottom wall formwork 401 and the pedestal 102, and the two sides of the longitudinal beam frame 402 It is set on the limit tie rod 403 that can hold the H-shaped steel 201 to move, and one end of the longitudinal and horizontal beam frame 402 is provided with a bottom cable stay 404 linked with the right-angle tie rod 304 .
  • the lower end of each H-shaped steel 201 is provided with a concave groove 405, and the limit pull rod 403 is snapped into the concave groove 405, and is locked by the limit plate 406, and the limit pull rod 403 plays the role of sharing a part of the weight.
  • the limiting plate 406 also acts as a limiting function to prevent the steel members of the side outer wall from being displaced outward due to pressure during pouring.
  • the internal formwork system includes 2 longitudinal trusses 501, 4 portal frames 502, an internal formwork assembly and a support assembly, and the longitudinal trusses 501 are connected to the walking system through legs 909, so An electric screw 503 for driving the longitudinal truss 501 to move up and down is also provided between the longitudinal truss 501 and the legs 909.
  • the electric screw rod 503 engages with the threads of the threaded block, thereby driving the inner formwork system to move up and down.
  • the four portal frames 502 are evenly arranged on the longitudinal truss 501
  • the inner formwork assembly includes a wall side formwork 601, an inner rear wall formwork 602, a top formwork 603 and a corner formwork assembly, and the support assembly It includes an adjustable support 604 and an inner support rod 605; in this embodiment, the wall side formwork 601 and the inner rear wall formwork 602 are provided with a vertical rod 907, and the vertical rod 907 plays a role in strengthening rigidity; the wall side formwork 601
  • the vertical bar 907 is connected with the longitudinal truss 501 through the adjustable support 604 and the inner support bar 605; specifically, the inner support bar 605 is arranged at the upper part, and the adjustable support 604 is arranged at the lower part; in this embodiment, the top of the vertical bar 907 T-shaped strips 9071 are provided, and T-shaped strips 9072 matched with the T-shaped strips 9071 are provided on both sides of the door frame 502.
  • the adjustable support 604 of the wall side formwork 601 and the inner rear wall formwork 602 and the inner also contracts, and the vertical rod 907 moves inward along the direction of the T-shaped bar 9072, thereby performing demoulding.
  • the electric screw rod 503 rotates, thereby making the whole inner formwork system move downwards, so that the top mold 603 is demoulded.
  • one side of the wall side form 601 is pivotally connected to the flap 606, and a flap pull rod 607 for realizing the rotation of the flap 606 is arranged between the flap 606 and the wall side mold 601.
  • the plate pull rod 607 shrinks, and drives the flap 606 to rotate around the hinge joint with the wall side form 601, thereby demoulding.
  • the corner formwork assembly includes a corner formwork 608, a beam side formwork 609, a beam angle formwork 610, a balcony formwork 611 and a beam bottom formwork 612, and the corner formwork 608 is arranged between the wall side formwork 601 and the inner rear wall formwork 602, the beam side formwork 609 is set between the top plate and the wall side formwork 601, the beam angle formwork 610 is set on both sides of the beam side formwork 609, and the balcony formwork 611 is set on the upper end of the door frame 502, so The beam bottom form 612 is arranged between the balcony form 611 and the beam side form 609.
  • the corner formwork 608, the beam side formwork 609, the beam angle formwork 610, the balcony formwork 611 and the beam bottom formwork 612 are coated with release agent in advance, and after the internal formwork system is removed, it can be removed manually.
  • the walking system includes guide rails 701, guide rail supports 702, embedded sleeves 703 and bottom beams 704.
  • the embedded sleeve 703 is arranged parallel to the guide rail support 702 on the bottom wall template 401
  • the guide rail 701 is arranged on the bottom wall template 401 and the bottom wall template 401 through the embedded sleeve 703 and the guide rail support 702 in parallel.
  • the lower end of the supporting leg 909 is set on the bottom beam 704 through the adjustment block, and both sides of the bottom beam 704 are provided with a wheel set 705 and a motor 706, and the bottom beam 704 is set on the bottom beam 704 through the wheel set 705.
  • the adjustment block includes an adjustment protrusion 801 and a slider 802, the adjustment protrusion 801 is arranged directly above the wheel set 705, and the slider 802 passes through the card slot and the adjustment protrusion 801 is slidingly connected, the legs 909 are connected with the slider 802 , and the bottom beam 704 is also provided with an adjustment rod 803 , one end of the adjustment rod 803 is connected with the bottom beam 704 , and the other end is connected with the slider 802 .
  • the supporting leg 909 is connected with the electric screw rod 503, adjust the adjustment of the slider 802 by the pull rod 803, thereby adjusting the position of the supporting leg 909, which is more compatible with the electric screw rod 503.
  • the electric screw 503 rotates, and the screw engages with the threaded block, so that the longitudinal truss 501 moves downward.
  • the formwork system is pushed out of the pouring position.
  • a method for operating a box-type prefabricated component characterized in that it includes the following steps:
  • the bottom wall formwork 401 and the vertical and horizontal beam frames 402 are welded into one body in the factory, and multiple vertical and horizontal beam frames 402 are spliced according to the required shape, connected with pins or screws and nuts, and then laid on the pedestal 102 .
  • a plurality of H-shaped steels 201 are connected into a whole through the connecting frame 202 and the inclined connecting frame 203;
  • the right-angle steel frame 302 is installed on the rear side track 301, and the outer rear wall formwork 303 is installed on the right-angle steel frame 302 through the back corrugated 205, and then the right-angle tie rod 304 is connected with the bottom of the vertical and horizontal beam frame 402 with the bolts 404, and the Tighten the position of the right-angle steel frame 302, and install the back wall pull rod 305 on the pedestal 102 and the outer back wall template 303 at the same time.
  • the support components are held accurately, so that the wall side formwork 601, the inner back wall formwork 602, the top formwork 603 and the corner formwork components are in contact to prevent cracks from causing grout leakage;
  • the material When pouring openings such as doors and windows, the material should be evenly and symmetrically cut along both sides of the opening, and the distance between the vibrating rod and the opening should not be less than 300mm, and vibrate from both sides at the same time to prevent deformation of the opening, ensure that the concrete is dense and reduce air bubbles;
  • At least two operators shall be on standby at any time to check the connection of pins, pins and jacks on both sides of the wall being poured, so as to prevent the pins, pins from falling off and the shrinkage of the jack;
  • the prefabricated components can only be hoisted after the inner formwork system and the outer formwork system have been withdrawn from the mold;
  • Step B can be performed immediately after step F is completed.
  • This proposal is a box-type prefabricated component system and operation method, which can be produced and used in industry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及建筑领域,特别涉及到一种箱型预制构件系统及操作方法。包括内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板,所述内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板围合形成成形腔,所述成形腔用于混凝土成型并凝固,所述外模架系统的一侧设有远离端头模板方向延伸的行走系统,所述内模架系统设置于所述行走系统上并通过行走系统来回进出外模架系统。解决了复位和脱模时,人工需要反复调节,等候时间过长的问题。

Description

一种箱型预制构件系统及操作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑领域,特别涉及到一种箱型预制构件系统及操作方法。
背景技术
PPVC技术,官方全称“Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction”,又称“厢式预制装配系统”(或“预制预装修厢式建筑”,或“3D 模块化建筑”),是将整间房间在预制工厂进行加工,完成结构与装修(包括地面、墙面、吊顶等)部分并形成独立模块后,将这些模块构件运至施工现场,就像“搭建积木”一样拼装在一起的建筑。是建筑工业化的高端产品,具备自身高度的完整性。
该技术最高可提高50%的建筑效率,大大减少人力成本,降低工人数量。其次,大大减少环境污染。因其生产主战场由项目转至工厂,施工过程中面临的噪音及粉尘污染,也将大大减少。
目前该技术普遍采用钢模板进行工厂加工。PPVC结构一般分三次浇筑,第一次浇筑底板,第二次浇筑墙体,第三次浇筑顶板。钢模系统由底模、墙模、顶模组成。墙模分为内墙模板和外墙模板,复位和脱模时,大多采用人工脱模或人工调节液压机构,需要反复调节,浪费时间及人工成本;而且需要分三次浇筑成型,等候时间过长。
技术问题
本发明提供一种箱型预制构件系统及操作方法,以解决现有模块化建筑采用钢模系统导致的人力投入多、劳动强度大、综合工效低的问题。
技术解决方案
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种箱型预制构件系统,包括内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板,所述内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板围合形成成形腔,所述成形腔用于混凝土成型并凝固,所述外模架系统的一侧设有远离端头模板方向延伸的行走系统,所述内模架系统设置于所述行走系统上并通过行走系统来回进出外模架系统。
优选的,所述外模架系统包括侧外墙钢构件、底墙钢构件和后墙钢构件,所述底墙构件设置在台座上,所述侧外墙钢构件设于底墙钢构件对立两侧,所述后墙钢构件设于底墙钢构件一侧,另一侧与端头模板连接,两两侧外墙钢构件之间设有多根外模对拉杆,所述侧外墙钢构件、底墙钢构件、后墙钢构件和端头模板围合形成用于容纳内模架系统的凹槽。
优选的,所述侧外墙钢构件包括若干H型钢、连接架、斜连接架和侧外墙模板,所述H型钢的两侧与连接架焊接,所述H型钢通过连接架并排设置,两两连接架之间设有斜连接架,所述H型钢与侧外墙模板之间设有多根背楞,所述连接架的两端铰接设有侧外墙导向架,所述侧外墙导向架与侧外墙模板之间设有第一侧外墙拉杆,所述台座上设有与侧外墙导向架相对滑动的侧外轨道,所述轨道的一侧设有拖动侧外墙钢构件移动的第二侧外墙拉杆,所述H型钢上端设有走道板和护栏。
优选的,所述后墙钢构件包括后侧轨道和在后侧轨道上滑动的直角钢架,所述后侧轨道设置在台座上,所述直角钢架上设有外后墙模板,所述外后墙模板与直角钢架之间设有多根背楞,所述直角钢架通过直角拉杆与底墙钢构件连接,所述台座与外后墙模板之间设有拖动直角钢架移动的后墙拉杆,所述直角钢架的顶部设有护栏。
优选的,所述底墙钢构件包括设置在台座上的底墙模板,所述底墙模板与台座之间设有纵横梁架,所述纵横梁架的两侧端设于可顶持H型钢移动的限位拉杆,所述纵横梁架的一端设有与直角拉杆链接的底部斜拉。
优选的,所述内模架系统包括至少2个纵向桁架、若干个门架、内模板组件和支撑组件,所述纵向桁架通过支腿与行走系统连接,所述纵向桁架与支腿之间还设有驱动纵向桁架上下运动的电动螺杆,所述门架平均设置在纵向桁架上,所述内模板组件包括墙侧模、内后墙模板、顶模和角模组件,所述支撑组件包括可调支撑和内支撑杆,所述墙侧模通过可调支撑和内支撑杆设置在纵向桁架的两侧,所述墙侧模的一侧与翻板枢接,所述翻板与强侧模之间设有实现翻板转动的翻板拉杆,所述顶模设置在门架上端,所述内后墙模板通过可调支撑和内支撑杆设置在门架上。
优选的,所述角模组件包括墙角模、梁侧模、梁角模、阳台模和梁底模,所述墙角模设置在墙侧模与内后墙模板之间,所述梁侧模设置在顶板与墙侧模之间,所述梁角模设置在梁侧模的两侧,所述阳台模设置在门架上端,所述梁底模设置在阳台模与梁侧模之间。
优选的,所述行走系统包括包括导轨,导轨支座,预埋套筒和底梁,所述导轨支座对位平行设置在台座上,所述预埋套筒与导轨支座对位平行设置在底墙模板上,所述导轨通过预埋套筒和导轨支座平行设置在底墙模板和台座上,所述支腿通过调整块设置在底梁上,所述底梁的两侧均设有轮组和电机,所述底梁通过轮组设置在导轨上,所述电机驱动轮组带动底梁沿导轨方向来回移动。
优选的,所述调整块包括调整凸块和滑块,所述调整凸块设置在轮组的正上方,所述滑块通过卡槽与调整凸块滑动连接,所述支腿与滑块连接,所述底梁上还设有调整拉杆,所述调整拉杆的一端与底梁连接,另一端与滑块连接。
一种箱型预制构件操作方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
A.准备工作
1.平整场地,使场地标高一致;
2.定位内模架系统、外模架系统轴线,用于防止内模架系统、外模架系统的偏位;
3.制作所需的台座。
B.底墙钢构件的架设
1.底墙模板与纵横梁架在工厂焊接形成一体,将多个纵横梁架按所需型状进行拼接,并用销钉销片或螺丝螺母连接好,然后铺设在台座上。
C.行走系统的架设
1.在底墙模板上放置预埋套筒,同时固定预埋套筒,再台座上放置导轨支座,预埋套筒和导轨支座放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便后续导轨放置时,导轨在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜
2.放置预埋套筒在底墙模板上,同时固定预埋套筒,防止其受力发生偏移,预埋套筒放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便后续导轨放置时,导轨在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜;
3.放置导轨,同时固定导轨,防止其受力发生偏移,注意导轨放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便导轨在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜。
4.在导轨上部放置底梁,然后将轮组和电机安装上,然后将支腿、调整块和调整拉杆按图纸安装好。
D.内模架系统的架设
1.将多个门架和纵向桁架连接好,通过可调支撑和内支撑杆将内后墙模板和墙侧模安装好,然后在将角模组件安装在对应的位置,在场外固定好剩余部位,然后通过龙门吊及吊装架体等设备将其通过支腿与行走系统连接,纵向桁架上的电动螺杆与支腿连接,从而使得纵向桁架可上下移动。
2.在门架上端拼装顶模。
E.外模架系统的架设
1.将多根H型钢通过连接架和斜连接架连接成一个整体;
2.将侧外墙模板通过背楞与H型钢连接;
3.在台座上安装好推动侧外墙钢构件移动的侧外墙导向架、侧外轨道和第二侧外墙拉杆。
4.将外墙钢构件吊装到底墙模板上,将侧外墙导向架与连接架铰接,第一侧外墙拉杆与背楞连接,第二侧外墙拉杆与连接架铰接,H型钢的底部对准限位拉杆并调整位置。
5. 直角钢架安装在后侧轨道上,外后墙模板通过背楞安装在直角钢架上,然后用直角拉杆与纵横梁架的底部斜拉螺栓连接,拉紧直角钢架的位置,同时将后墙拉杆安装在台座和外后墙模板。
F钢筋笼的安装
1.吊装钢筋笼前,需对底墙模板刷脱模剂;
2.将加固好的钢筋用龙门吊及吊装架体进行整体吊装,放入台座,并依托侧外墙模板进行临时加固;
3.检查验收钢筋及预埋管道位置,使钢筋笼安放完毕;
4.再次验证导轨顶部标高一致,复核轴线、高程;
5.使用行走系统将内模架系统推进至预定位置,并复核轴线,使用调整块对支腿位置进行精调。
G.合模
1.合模前,需对外后墙模板、侧外墙模板、墙侧模、内后墙模板、顶模和角模组件刷脱模剂;
2. 侧外墙钢构件和后墙钢构件滑移精确,使侧外墙模板、外后墙模板和底墙模板接触,防止出现裂缝导致漏浆;
3. 支撑组件顶持精准,使墙侧模、内后墙模板、顶模和角模组件接触,防止出现裂缝导致漏浆
4.在内模架系统和外模架系统之间放置定位钢筋;
5.利用电动螺杆将内模架系统自动顶升复位,使内模架系统和外模架系统之间的定位钢筋接触;
6.检查内模架系统和外模架系统,反复调整电动螺杆和各个千斤顶,使整个系统达到验收要求;
7.将两侧的侧外墙钢构件的顶部用对拉杆进行对拉,使两侧的侧外墙钢构件产生连接;
8.安装端头模板,形成封闭的混凝土浇筑面,锁紧各处千斤顶,防止千斤顶发生位移导致模板的偏位。
H.验收
1.组织验收,填写验收完成所需文件;
2.如有需调整的,需在调整完成后再次检查验收,直至验收合格。
I.浇筑混凝土
1.经系统的校核无误后,清理内模架系统和外模架系统之间的杂物;
2.混凝土应均匀下料,分层连续浇筑,间隔时间不超过砼初凝时间;
3.浇筑门窗等洞口时,沿洞口两侧均匀对称下料,振捣棒距洞边不小于300mm,从两侧同时振捣,以防止洞口变形,以确保砼密实,减少气泡;
4.混凝土浇筑期间至少要有两名操作工随时待命于正在浇筑的墙两边检查销钉、销片及千斤顶的连接情况,防止销钉、销片脱落以及千斤顶的收缩;
5.养护混凝土,直至强度达到设计要求,方可进行进行拆模。
J. 外模架系统的脱模
1.拆除端头模板,使侧外墙钢构件与端头模板脱离;
2.松开侧外墙钢构件顶部用的对拉杆,使两侧侧外墙钢构件断开;
3.松开H型钢的底部对准限位拉杆的连接,使侧外墙钢构件可以移动;
4. 松开直角拉杆与部斜拉的连接,使后墙钢构件可以移动;
5. 通过第二侧外墙拉杆移动侧外墙钢构件,通过后墙拉杆移动后墙钢构件,使侧外墙钢构件和后墙钢构件完全脱离混凝土接触面,外模架系统的脱模完成。
K. 内模架系统的脱模
1.收缩两侧翻板的翻板拉杆,将两侧翻板绕墙侧模连接点向内旋转收起;
2.收缩可调支撑和内支撑杆,使墙侧模带着翻板脱离混凝土接触面;
3.收缩电动螺杆,使墙侧模及顶模脱离混凝土面;
4.控制行走系统,使内模架系统退出浇筑位置,并固定;
5.拆除预埋套筒上的导轨,并移除预埋套筒;
L.预制构件的吊装
1. 内模架系统和外模架系统退模完毕后,才能进行预制构件的吊装;
2.将预留好的吊装部位连接好,用龙门吊及吊装架体进行整体吊装,将预制构件吊装到下一工序,进行其他工序的作业。
M.重复步骤F~L,直至全部预制完成,步骤B可以在步骤F完成之后立刻进行。
有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1、整体性好。混凝土一次性浇筑可减少一道施工缝,结构整体性更好,混凝土外观质量更好;免穿墙对拉工艺,结构墙体没有穿墙孔,结构外观、防水性能更好。
2、自动化程度高。内模架系统和外模架系统全部采用液压系统控制,第一侧外墙拉杆、第二侧外墙拉杆、后墙拉杆、电动螺杆、可调支撑和内支撑杆均预留30%行程,便于使用不同尺寸构件;自动化液压泵站可通过调整预设程序更改上述各种拉杆的动作及行程、压力,可以实现一键收缩、复位。
3、拆模迅速,快速就位。采用整体推拉式架体及模板,减少龙门吊等大型设备的使用次数。
4、自重轻。易于拆装和吊运,操作便捷、施工速度快,减少人工用工,降低劳动强度。
5、便于二次利用。铝模模数小,可灵活调节尺寸,易于二次设计,可重复利用。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的效果作进一步说明,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的立体图;
图2为本发明的主视图;
图3-4为内模架系统的内部结构图;
图5为内模架系统的主视图;
图6-8为外模架系统的立体示意图;
图9为底墙模板的示意图;
图10为纵向桁架的立体图;
成形腔101;台座102;外模对拉杆103;凹槽104;H型钢201;连接架202;斜连接架203;侧外墙模板204;背楞205;侧外墙导向架206;第一侧外墙拉杆207;侧外轨道208;第二侧外墙拉杆209;走道板210;护栏211;后侧轨道301;直角钢架302;外后墙模板303;直角拉杆304;后墙拉杆305;底墙模板401;纵横梁架402;限位拉杆403;底部斜拉404;纵向桁架501;门架502;支腿909;立杆907;T型条9071;T型条9072;电动螺杆503;墙侧模601;内后墙模板602;顶模603;可调支撑604;内支撑杆605;翻板606;翻板拉杆607;墙角模608;梁侧模609;梁角模610;阳台模611;梁底模612;导轨701;导轨支座702;预埋套筒703;底梁704;轮组705;电机706;括调整凸块801;滑块802;调整拉杆803。
本发明的最佳实施方式
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语中“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“连接”、“相连”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明的具体含义。此外,在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”、“若干”的含义是两个或两个以上。
请参见图1-10,图1-10揭示的一种箱型预制构件系统及操作方法的最佳实施方式:
本实施例中,一种箱型预制构件系统,包括内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板,所述内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板围合形成成形腔101,所述成形腔101用于混凝土成型并凝固,所述外模架系统的一侧设有远离端头模板方向延伸的行走系统,所述内模架系统设置于所述行走系统上并通过行走系统来回进出外模架系统。使用时,内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板形成成形腔101,然后将混凝土倒入成形腔101内即可成型,待混凝土凝固后,拆除端头模板,内模架系统和外模架系统脱模,并通过行走系统将内模架系统从成型混凝土内部移出,即可完成箱型预制构件的浇筑。
具体的,本实施例中,所述外模架系统包括侧外墙钢构件、底墙钢构件和后墙钢构件;外模架系统可根据实际情况而定,并不限于只有侧外墙钢构件、底墙钢构件和后墙钢构件。
本实施例中,共设有两块侧外墙钢构件,分别设置在底墙构件的左右两侧,所述侧外墙钢构件包括5根H型钢201、4根连接架202、4根斜连接架203和两块多侧外墙模板204,2根连接架202分别设置在H型钢201的底部并前后设置,2根连接架202设置在H型钢201的中上位置,形成一个整体;
4根斜连接架203设置在底部的连接架202之间,起到稳固的作用,为了方便安装,设置了两块侧外墙模板204,分别为一大、一小的侧外墙模板204,大的侧外墙模板204设置在下层,小的侧外墙模板204设置在上层,侧外墙模板204通过背楞205与H型钢201连接,背楞205起到加固作用,防止浇筑水泥时变形。为了脱模方便,在底部的连接架202两端分别设有侧外墙导向架206,所述侧外墙导向架206与侧外墙模板204之间设有第一侧外墙拉杆207,通过设置第一侧外墙拉杆207从而调整侧外墙模板204的垂直度,所述台座102上设有与侧外墙导向架206相对滑动的侧外轨道208,所述轨道的一侧设有拖动侧外墙钢构件移动的第二侧外墙拉杆209;当需要脱模时,第二侧外墙拉杆209收缩,从而拖动整体的侧外墙钢构件沿侧外轨道208方向移动。为了检查浇筑情况,在所述H型钢201上端设有走道板210和护栏211,同是在最外侧的H型钢201的侧面设有方便工人爬行的楼梯。为了浇筑时,降低第一侧外墙拉杆207的压力,在两块侧外墙钢构件之间设有多根外模对拉杆103。
更具体的,所述后墙钢构件包括后侧轨道301和在后侧轨道301上滑动的直角钢架302,所述后侧轨道301设置在台座102上,所述直角钢架302上设有外后墙模板303,所述外后墙模板303与直角钢架302之间设有多根背楞205,所述直角钢架302通过直角拉杆304与底墙钢构件连接,所述台座102与外后墙模板303之间设有拖动直角钢架302移动的后墙拉杆305,所述直角钢架302的顶部设有护栏211。通过直角拉杆304与底墙钢构件连接刚性连接,从而固定直角钢架302的位置,在浇筑时不会移动,防止出现裂缝导致漏浆;当需要脱模时,先拆除直角拉杆304,后墙拉杆305压缩,从而拖动整个直角钢架302沿后侧轨道301方向移动,从而实现自动脱模。
更加具体地,所述底墙钢构件包括设置在台座102上的底墙模板401,所述底墙模板401与台座102之间设有纵横梁架402,所述纵横梁架402的两侧端设于可顶持H型钢201移动的限位拉杆403,所述纵横梁架402的一端设有与直角拉杆304链接的底部斜拉404。安装时,每条H型钢201下端均设有凹位槽405,限位拉杆403卡入凹位槽405内,并通过限位板406进行锁定,限位拉杆403起到分担一部分重量的作用,限位板406同时起到限位作用,防止浇筑时,侧外墙钢构件受压力导致向外偏移的问题。
更加具体的,本实施例中,所述内模架系统包括2个纵向桁架501、4个门架502、内模板组件和支撑组件,所述纵向桁架501通过支腿909与行走系统连接,所述纵向桁架501与支腿909之间还设有驱动纵向桁架501上下运动的电动螺杆503,本实施例中,支腿909为空心钢四方管,支腿909的顶部设有与电动螺杆503螺纹连接的螺纹块,电动螺杆503与螺纹块的螺纹啮合,从而驱动内模架系统上下运动。本实施例中,所述4个门架502平均设置在纵向桁架501上,所述内模板组件包括墙侧模601、内后墙模板602、顶模603和角模组件,所述支撑组件包括可调支撑604和内支撑杆605;本实施例中,所述墙侧模601和内后墙模板602均设有立杆907,立杆907起到加强刚性的作用;墙侧模601的立杆907通过与可调支撑604和内支撑杆605与纵向桁架501连接;具体地,内支撑杆605设置在上部,可调支撑604设置在下部;本实施例中,立杆907顶部的顶部设有T型条9071,所述门架502的两侧设有与T型条9071配合的T型条9072,脱模时,墙侧模601和内后墙模板602的可调支撑604和内支撑杆605同是收缩,立杆907沿T型条9072方向向内移动,从而进行脱模。电动螺杆503转动,从而使内模架系统整体向下运动,从而使顶模603脱模。
更加具体地,所述墙侧模601的一侧与翻板606枢接,所述翻板606与墙侧模601之间设有实现翻板606转动的翻板拉杆607,脱模时,翻板拉杆607收缩,带动翻板606绕与墙侧模601铰接处转动,从而脱模。
更加具体地,所述角模组件包括墙角模608、梁侧模609、梁角模610、阳台模611和梁底模612,所述墙角模608设置在墙侧模601与内后墙模板602之间,所述梁侧模609设置在顶板与墙侧模601之间,所述梁角模610设置在梁侧模609的两侧,所述阳台模611设置在门架502上端,所述梁底模612设置在阳台模611与梁侧模609之间。在安装时,预先对墙角模608、梁侧模609、梁角模610、阳台模611和梁底模612涂脱模剂,待内模架系统移出后,可通过人工进行拆除。
更加具体地,所述行走系统包括包括导轨701,导轨支座702,预埋套筒703和底梁704,本实施例中,所述导轨支座702对位平行设置在外模架系统正前方的台座102上,所述预埋套筒703与导轨支座702对位平行设置在底墙模板401上,所述导轨701通过预埋套筒703和导轨支座702平行设置在底墙模板401和台座102上,所述支腿909的下端通过调整块设置在底梁704上,所述底梁704的两侧均设有轮组705和电机706,所述底梁704通过轮组705设置在导轨701上;本实施例中,所述调整块包括调整凸块801和滑块802,所述调整凸块801设置在轮组705的正上方,所述滑块802通过卡槽与调整凸块801滑动连接,所述支腿909与滑块802连接,所述底梁704上还设有调整拉杆803,所述调整拉杆803的一端与底梁704连接,另一端与滑块802连接。安装时,通过支腿909与电动螺杆503连接后,通过调整拉杆803对滑块802的调整,从而调整支腿909的位置,与电动螺杆503更加匹配。当内模脱模后,电动螺杆503转动,螺杆与螺纹块螺纹啮合,使得纵向桁架501向下移动,当顶模603下降到指定高度后,电机706启动,驱动轮组705转动,从而带动内模架系统推出浇筑位置。
一种箱型预制构件操作方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
A.准备工作
1.平整场地,使场地标高一致;
2.定位内模架系统、外模架系统轴线,用于防止内模架系统、外模架系统的偏位;
3.制作所需的台座102。
B.底墙钢构件的架设
1.底墙模板401与纵横梁架402在工厂焊接形成一体,将多个纵横梁架402按所需型状进行拼接,并用销钉销片或螺丝螺母连接好,然后铺设在台座102上。
C.行走系统的架设
1.在底墙模板401上放置预埋套筒703,同时固定预埋套筒703,再台座102上放置导轨支座702,预埋套筒703和导轨支座702放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便后续导轨701放置时,导轨701在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜。
2.放置预埋套筒703在底墙模板401上,同时固定预埋套筒703,防止其受力发生偏移,预埋套筒703放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便后续导轨701放置时,导轨701在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜;
3.放置导轨701,同时固定导轨701,防止其受力发生偏移,注意导轨701放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便导轨701在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜。
4.在导轨701上部放置底梁704,然后将轮组705和电机706安装上,然后将支腿909、调整块和调整拉杆803按图纸安装好。
D.内模架系统的架设
1.将多个门架502和纵向桁架501连接好,通过可调支撑604和内支撑杆605将内后墙模板602和墙侧模601安装好,然后在将角模组件安装在对应的位置,在场外固定好剩余部位,然后通过龙门吊及吊装架体等设备将其通过支腿909与行走系统连接,纵向桁架501上的电动螺杆503与支腿909连接,从而使得纵向桁架501可上下移动。
2.在门架502上端拼装顶模603。
E.外模架系统的架设
1.将多根H型钢201通过连接架202和斜连接架203连接成一个整体;
2.将侧外墙模板204通过背楞205与H型钢201连接;
3.在台座102上安装好推动侧外墙钢构件移动的侧外墙导向架206、侧外轨道208和第二侧外墙拉杆209。
4.将外墙钢构件吊装到底墙模板401上,将侧外墙导向架206与连接架202铰接,第一侧外墙拉杆207与背楞205连接,第二侧外墙拉杆209与连接架202铰接,H型钢201的底部对准限位拉杆403并调整位置。
5. 直角钢架302安装在后侧轨道301上,外后墙模板303通过背楞205安装在直角钢架302上,然后用直角拉杆304与纵横梁架402的底部斜拉404螺栓连接,拉紧直角钢架302的位置,同时将后墙拉杆305安装在台座102和外后墙模板303。
F钢筋笼的安装
1.吊装钢筋笼前,需对底墙模板401刷脱模剂;
2.将加固好的钢筋用龙门吊及吊装架体进行整体吊装,放入台座102,并依托侧外墙模板204进行临时加固;
3.检查验收钢筋及预埋管道位置,使钢筋笼安放完毕;
4.再次验证导轨701顶部标高一致,复核轴线、高程;
5.使用行走系统将内模架系统推进至预定位置,并复核轴线,使用调整块对支腿909位置进行精调。
G.合模
1.合模前,需对外后墙模板303、侧外墙模板204、墙侧模601、内后墙模板602、顶模603和角模组件刷脱模剂;
2. 侧外墙钢构件和后墙钢构件滑移精确,使侧外墙模板204、外后墙模板303和底墙模板401接触,防止出现裂缝导致漏浆;
3. 支撑组件顶持精准,使墙侧模601、内后墙模板602、顶模603和角模组件接触,防止出现裂缝导致漏浆;
4.在内模架系统和外模架系统之间放置定位钢筋;
5.利用电动螺杆503将内模架系统自动顶升复位,使内模架系统和外模架系统之间的定位钢筋接触;
6.检查内模架系统和外模架系统,反复调整电动螺杆503和各个千斤顶,使整个系统达到验收要求;
7.将两侧的侧外墙钢构件的顶部用对拉杆进行对拉,使两侧的侧外墙钢构件产生连接;
8.安装端头模板,形成封闭的混凝土浇筑面,锁紧各处千斤顶,防止千斤顶发生位移导致模板的偏位。
H.验收
1.组织验收,填写验收完成所需文件;
2.如有需调整的,需在调整完成后再次检查验收,直至验收合格。
I.浇筑混凝土
1.经系统的校核无误后,清理内模架系统和外模架系统之间的杂物;
2.混凝土应均匀下料,分层连续浇筑,间隔时间不超过砼初凝时间;
3.浇筑门窗等洞口时,沿洞口两侧均匀对称下料,振捣棒距洞边不小于300mm,从两侧同时振捣,以防止洞口变形,以确保砼密实,减少气泡;
4.混凝土浇筑期间至少要有两名操作工随时待命于正在浇筑的墙两边检查销钉、销片及千斤顶的连接情况,防止销钉、销片脱落以及千斤顶的收缩;
5.养护混凝土,直至强度达到设计要求,方可进行进行拆模。
J. 外模架系统的脱模
1.拆除端头模板,使侧外墙钢构件与端头模板脱离;
2.松开侧外墙钢构件顶部用的对拉杆,使两侧侧外墙钢构件断开;
3.松开H型钢201的底部对准限位拉杆403的连接,使侧外墙钢构件可以移动;
4. 松开直角拉杆304与部斜拉的连接,使后墙钢构件可以移动;
5. 通过第二侧外墙拉杆209移动侧外墙钢构件,通过后墙拉杆305移动后墙钢构件,使侧外墙钢构件和后墙钢构件完全脱离混凝土接触面,外模架系统的脱模完成。
K. 内模架系统的脱模
1.收缩两侧翻板606的翻板拉杆607,将两侧翻板606绕墙侧模601连接点向内旋转收起;
2.收缩可调支撑604和内支撑杆605,使墙侧模601带着翻板606脱离混凝土接触面;
3.收缩电动螺杆503,使墙侧模601及顶模603脱离混凝土面;
4.控制行走系统,使内模架系统退出浇筑位置,并固定;
5.拆除预埋套筒703上的导轨701,并移除预埋套筒703;
L.预制构件的吊装
1. 内模架系统和外模架系统退模完毕后,才能进行预制构件的吊装;
2.将预留好的吊装部位连接好,用龙门吊及吊装架体进行整体吊装,将预制构件吊装到下一工序,进行其他工序的作业。
M.重复步骤F~L,直至全部预制完成,步骤B可以在步骤F完成之后立刻进行。
工业实用性
本方案为一种箱型预制构件系统及操作方法,其能在工业上生产并使用。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:包括内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板,所述内模架系统、外模架系统和端头模板围合形成成形腔(101),所述成形腔(101)用于混凝土成型并凝固,所述外模架系统的一侧设有远离端头模板方向延伸的行走系统,所述内模架系统设置于所述行走系统上并通过行走系统来回进出外模架系统。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:所述外模架系统包括侧外墙钢构件、底墙钢构件和后墙钢构件,所述底墙构件设置在台座(102)上,所述侧外墙钢构件设于底墙钢构件对立两侧,所述后墙钢构件设于底墙钢构件一侧,另一侧与端头模板连接,两两侧外墙钢构件之间设有多根外模对拉杆(103),所述侧外墙钢构件、底墙钢构件、后墙钢构件和端头模板围合形成用于容纳内模架系统的凹槽(104)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:所述侧外墙钢构件包括若干H型钢(201)、连接架(202)、斜连接架(203)和侧外墙模板(204),所述H型钢(201)的两侧与连接架(202)焊接,所述H型钢(201)通过连接架(202)并排设置,两两连接架(202)之间设有斜连接架(203),所述H型钢(201)与侧外墙模板(204)之间设有多根背楞(205),所述连接架(202)的两端铰接设有侧外墙导向架(206),所述侧外墙导向架(206)与侧外墙模板(204)之间设有第一侧外墙拉杆(207),所述台座(102)上设有与侧外墙导向架(206)相对滑动的侧外轨道(208),所述侧外轨道(208)的一侧设有拖动侧外墙钢构件移动的第二侧外墙拉杆(209),所述H型钢(201)上端设有走道板(210)和护栏(211)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:所述后墙钢构件包括后侧轨道(301)和在后侧轨道(301)上滑动的直角钢架(302),所述后侧轨道(301)设置在台座(102)上,所述直角钢架(302)上设有外后墙模板(303),所述外后墙模板(303)与直角钢架(302)之间设有多根背楞(205),所述直角钢架(302)通过直角拉杆(304)与底墙钢构件连接,所述台座(102)与外后墙模板(303)之间设有拖动直角钢架(302)移动的后墙拉杆(305),所述直角钢架(302)的顶部设有护栏(211)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:所述底墙钢构件包括设置在台座(102)上的底墙模板(401),所述底墙模板(401)与台座(102)之间设有纵横梁架(402),所述纵横梁架(402)的两侧端设于可顶持H型钢(201)移动的限位拉杆(403),所述纵横梁架(402)的一端设有与直角拉杆(304)链接的底部斜拉(404)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:所述内模架系统包括至少(2)个纵向桁架(501)、若干个门架(502)、内模板组件和支撑组件,所述纵向桁架(501)通过支腿(909)与行走系统连接,所述纵向桁架(501)与支腿(909)之间还设有驱动纵向桁架(501)上下运动的电动螺杆(503),所述门架(502)平均设置在纵向桁架(501)上,所述内模板组件包括墙侧模(601)、内后墙模板(602)、顶模(603)和角模组件,所述支撑组件包括可调支撑(604)和内支撑杆(605),所述墙侧模(601)通过可调支撑(604)和内支撑杆(605)设置在纵向桁架(501)的两侧,所述墙侧模(601)的一侧与翻板(606)枢接,所述翻板(606)与墙侧模(601)之间设有实现翻板(606)转动的翻板拉杆(607),所述顶模(603)设置在门架(502)上端,所述内后墙模板(602)通过可调支撑(604)和内支撑杆(605)设置在门架(502)上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:所述角模组件包括墙角模(608)、梁侧模(609)、梁角模(610)、阳台模(611)和梁底模(612),所述墙角模(608)设置在墙侧模(601)与内后墙模板(602)之间,所述梁侧模(609)设置在顶板与墙侧模(601)之间,所述梁角模(610)设置在梁侧模(609)的两侧,所述阳台模(611)设置在门架(502)上端,所述梁底模(612)设置在阳台模(611)与梁侧模(609)之间。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:所述行走系统包括导轨(701),导轨支座(702),预埋套筒(703)和底梁(704),所述导轨支座(702)对位平行设置在台座(102)上,所述预埋套筒(703)与导轨支座(702)对位平行设置在底墙模板(401)上,所述导轨(701)通过预埋套筒(703)和导轨支座(702)平行设置在底墙模板(401)和台座(102)上,所述支腿(909)通过调整块设置在底梁(704)上,所述底梁(704)的两侧均设有轮组(705)和电机(706),所述底梁(704)通过轮组(705)设置在导轨(701)上,所述电机(706)驱动轮组(705)带动底梁(704)沿导轨(701)方向来回移动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种箱型预制构件系统,其特征在于:所述调整块包括调整凸块(801)和滑块(802),所述调整凸块(801)设置在轮组(705)的正上方,所述滑块(802)通过卡槽与调整凸块(801)滑动连接,所述支腿(909)与滑块(802)连接,所述底梁(704)上还设有调整拉杆(803),所述调整拉杆(803)的一端与底梁(704)连接,另一端与滑块(802)连接。
  10. 在一种箱型预制构件操作方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
    A.准备工作
    1.平整场地,使场地标高一致;
    2.定位内模架系统、外模架系统轴线,用于防止内模架系统、外模架系统的偏位;
    3.制作所需的台座(102)。
    B.底墙钢构件的架设
    1.底墙模板(401)与纵横梁架(402)在工厂焊接形成一体,将多个纵横梁架(402)按所需型状进行拼接,并用销钉销片或螺丝螺母连接好,然后铺设在台座(102)上。
    C.行走系统的架设
    1.在底墙模板(401)上放置预埋套筒(703),同时固定预埋套筒(703),再台座(102)上放置导轨支座(702),预埋套筒(703)和导轨支座(702)放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便后续导轨(701)放置时,导轨(701)在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜
    2.放置预埋套筒(703)在底墙模板(401)上,同时固定预埋套筒(703),防止其受力发生偏移,预埋套筒(703)放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便后续导轨(701)放置时,导轨(701)在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜;
    3.放置导轨(701),同时固定导轨(701),防止其受力发生偏移,注意导轨(701)放置后需验证其顶部标高一致,方便导轨(701)在同一平面上,不会发生倾斜。
    4.在导轨(701)上部放置底梁(704),然后将轮组(705)和电机(706)安装上,然后将支腿(909)、调整块和调整拉杆(803)按图纸安装好。
    D.内模架系统的架设
    1.将多个门架(502)和纵向桁架(501)连接好,通过可调支撑(604)和内支撑杆(605)将内后墙模板(602)和墙侧模(601)安装好,然后在将角模组件安装在对应的位置,在场外固定好剩余部位,然后通过龙门吊及吊装架体等设备将其通过支腿(909)与行走系统连接,纵向桁架(501)上的电动螺杆(503)与支腿(909)连接,从而使得纵向桁架(501)可上下移动。
    2.在门架(502)上端拼装顶模(603)。
    E.外模架系统的架设
    1.将多根H型钢(201)通过连接架(202)和斜连接架(203)连接成一个整体;
    2.将侧外墙模板(204)通过背楞(205)与H型钢(201)连接;
    3.在台座(102)上安装好推动侧外墙钢构件移动的侧外墙导向架(206)、侧外轨道(208)和第二侧外墙拉杆(209)。
    4.将外墙钢构件吊装到底墙模板(401)上,将侧外墙导向架(206)与连接架(202)铰接,第一侧外墙拉杆(207)与背楞(205)连接,第二侧外墙拉杆(209)与连接架(202)铰接,H型钢(201)的底部对准限位拉杆(403)并调整位置。
    5. 直角钢架(302)安装在后侧轨道(301)上,外后墙模板(303)通过背楞(205)安装在直角钢架(302)上,然后用直角拉杆(304)与纵横梁架(402)的底部斜拉(404)螺栓连接,拉紧直角钢架(302)的位置,同时将后墙拉杆(305)安装在台座(102)和外后墙模板(303)。
    F钢筋笼的安装
    1.吊装钢筋笼前,需对底墙模板(401)刷脱模剂;
    2.将加固好的钢筋用龙门吊及吊装架体进行整体吊装,放入台座(102),并依托侧外墙模板(204)进行临时加固;
    3.检查验收钢筋及预埋管道位置,使钢筋笼安放完毕;
    4.再次验证导轨(701)顶部标高一致,复核轴线、高程;
    5.使用行走系统将内模架系统推进至预定位置,并复核轴线,使用调整块对支腿(909)位置进行精调。
    G.合模
    1.合模前,需对外后墙模板(303)、侧外墙模板(204)、墙侧模(601)、内后墙模板(602)、顶模(603)和角模组件刷脱模剂;
    2. 侧外墙钢构件和后墙钢构件滑移精确,使侧外墙模板(204)、外后墙模板(303)和底墙模板(401)接触,防止出现裂缝导致漏浆;
    3. 支撑组件顶持精准,使墙侧模(601)、内后墙模板(602)、顶模(603)和角模组件接触,防止出现裂缝导致漏浆;
    4.在内模架系统和外模架系统之间放置定位钢筋;
    5.利用电动螺杆(503)将内模架系统自动顶升复位,使内模架系统和外模架系统之间的定位钢筋接触;
    6.检查内模架系统和外模架系统,反复调整电动螺杆(503)和各个千斤顶,使整个系统达到验收要求;
    7.将两侧的侧外墙钢构件的顶部用对拉杆进行对拉,使两侧的侧外墙钢构件产生连接;
    8.安装端头模板,形成封闭的混凝土浇筑面,锁紧各处千斤顶,防止千斤顶发生位移导致模板的偏位。
    H.验收
    1.组织验收,填写验收完成所需文件;
    2.如有需调整的,需在调整完成后再次检查验收,直至验收合格。
    I.浇筑混凝土
    1.经系统的校核无误后,清理内模架系统和外模架系统之间的杂物;
    2.混凝土应均匀下料,分层连续浇筑,间隔时间不超过砼初凝时间;
    3.浇筑门窗等洞口时,沿洞口两侧均匀对称下料,振捣棒距洞边不小于(300)mm,从两侧同时振捣,以防止洞口变形,以确保砼密实,减少气泡;
    4.混凝土浇筑期间至少要有两名操作工随时待命于正在浇筑的墙两边检查销钉、销片及千斤顶的连接情况,防止销钉、销片脱落以及千斤顶的收缩;
    5.养护混凝土,直至强度达到设计要求,方可进行进行拆模。
    J. 外模架系统的脱模
    1.拆除端头模板,使侧外墙钢构件与端头模板脱离;
    2.松开侧外墙钢构件顶部用的对拉杆,使两侧侧外墙钢构件断开;
    3.松开H型钢(201)的底部对准限位拉杆(403)的连接,使侧外墙钢构件可以移动;
    4. 松开直角拉杆(304)与部斜拉的连接,使后墙钢构件可以移动;
    5. 通过第二侧外墙拉杆(209)移动侧外墙钢构件,通过后墙拉杆(305)移动后墙钢构件,使侧外墙钢构件和后墙钢构件完全脱离混凝土接触面,外模架系统的脱模完成。
    K. 内模架系统的脱模
    1.收缩两侧翻板(606)的翻板拉杆(607),将两侧翻板(606)绕墙侧模(601)连接点向内旋转收起;
    2.收缩可调支撑(604)和内支撑杆(605),使墙侧模(601)带着翻板(606)脱离混凝土接触面;
    3.收缩电动螺杆(503),使墙侧模(601)及顶模(603)脱离混凝土面;
    4.控制行走系统,使内模架系统退出浇筑位置,并固定;
    5.拆除预埋套筒(703)上的导轨(701),并移除预埋套筒(703);
    L.预制构件的吊装
    1. 内模架系统和外模架系统退模完毕后,才能进行预制构件的吊装;
    2.将预留好的吊装部位连接好,用龙门吊及吊装架体进行整体吊装,将预制构件吊装到下一工序,进行其他工序的作业。
    M.重复步骤F~L,直至全部预制完成,步骤B可以在步骤F完成之后立刻进行。
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CN116677011B (zh) * 2023-08-04 2023-12-22 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 一种狭窄空间内退模装置施工方法
CN116766363A (zh) * 2023-08-22 2023-09-19 中铁六局集团太原铁路建设有限公司 整体式磁悬浮轨道梁模板工装及制造磁悬浮轨道梁的方法
CN116766363B (zh) * 2023-08-22 2023-11-03 中铁六局集团太原铁路建设有限公司 整体式磁悬浮轨道梁模板工装及制造磁悬浮轨道梁的方法

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