WO2023079738A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023079738A1 WO2023079738A1 PCT/JP2021/040982 JP2021040982W WO2023079738A1 WO 2023079738 A1 WO2023079738 A1 WO 2023079738A1 JP 2021040982 W JP2021040982 W JP 2021040982W WO 2023079738 A1 WO2023079738 A1 WO 2023079738A1
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- refrigerant
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- refrigeration cycle
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical group C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 63
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 22
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 polyol esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000008786 sensory perception of smell Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfide Chemical compound CCSCC LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylthiol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 3
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-α-pinene Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N (+)-β-pinene Chemical compound C1[C@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-Nopinene Natural products C1[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001169 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,4-diene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXIQYSLFEXIOAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-5-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1SC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C=C1C HXIQYSLFEXIOAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-thioxanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTGQNNCQYDRXCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound C=1C=C(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 UTGQNNCQYDRXCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenyl glycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1 FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pseudopinene Natural products C1C2C(C)(C)C1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Fenchene Natural products C1CC2C(=C)CC1C2(C)C XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-pinene Natural products CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006722 beta-pinene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Natural products O=C1CCCC=C1 FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-carene Natural products C1CC(=C)CC2C(C)(C)C21 LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009878 intermolecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007875 phellandrene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010726 refrigerant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003580 thiophosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005671 trienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
Definitions
- hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as R-290 (propane), R-1270 (propylene), R-600a (isobutane), etc.
- R-290 propane
- R-1270 propylene
- R-600a isobutane
- Hydrocarbons of 1 to 4 carbon atoms have even lower GWP values than saturated fluorohydrocarbon compounds (hydrofluorocarbons), which are refrigerants with relatively low GWP values.
- hydrocarbons with 1 to 4 carbon atoms have higher combustibility than hydrofluorocarbons.
- R-32 difluoromethane
- a type of hydrofluorocarbon is registered as slightly flammable (Class 2L)
- R-290, R-1270 and R-600a are registered as highly flammable (Class 3).
- the sulfur-based odorant such as THT has polarity due to the unbalanced electric charge in the molecule. It has been found that the amount of the sulfur-based odorant dissolved and circulating in the refrigerant circuit together with the refrigerant is reduced, making it difficult to detect the refrigerant with the sense of smell even when the refrigerant is discharged from the refrigeration cycle device.
- polyalkylene glycol contains a large amount of oxygen (O), which is an element with high electronegativity, in its molecular structure, it is a highly polar refrigerating machine oil, and depending on its composition, it dissolves a large amount of a sulfur-based odorant.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the compressor of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of tetrahydrothiophene in the enclosed refrigerant and the concentration of tetrahydrothiophene in the recovered refrigerant gas.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of tetrahydrothiophene in the sample gas and the odor index (equivalent value).
- a refrigerant circuit 100 is formed by such a configuration of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, and refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circuit 100 via the liquid pipe 9 and the gas pipe 10 .
- the compressor 3 compresses the gaseous refrigerant in the gas pipe 10 .
- the condenser 4 cools the gaseous refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant or a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the expansion valve 6 decompresses the high-pressure liquid refrigerant or gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the evaporator 7 heats the depressurized refrigerant to convert it into a low-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
- the compressor 3 sucks the refrigerant that has been turned into a low-pressure gas by the evaporator 7 and compresses it again.
- the refrigeration cycle device may be, for example, a device capable of both cooling and heating, a device capable of only cooling, or a device capable of only heating.
- the configuration in which the expansion valve 6 is provided inside the indoor unit 2 is described in the present embodiment, the configuration is not limited to this, and the expansion valve 6 may be provided inside the outdoor unit 1, for example. Also, for example, the expansion valve 6 may be provided in both the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 . Furthermore, for example, a plurality of indoor units 2 may be provided in the refrigerant circuit 100, and a plurality of outdoor units 1 may be provided.
- the refrigerant contains a main component that functions as a refrigerant, and further contains a sulfur-based odorant for detecting refrigerant leaks.
- main component is a component whose ratio (content in the refrigerant) to the total amount of the refrigerant (including the sulfur-based odorant, etc.) is more than 50% by mass.
- the content of the main component in the refrigerant is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the sulfur-based odorant blended in the refrigerant is an odorant containing elemental sulfur.
- sulfur-based odorants include mercaptans, sulfides, thiophenes and the like.
- examples of mercaptans include tertiary butyl mercaptan (TBM) and ethyl mercaptan (EM)
- examples of sulfides include dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and diethyl sulfide (DES)
- examples of thiophenes include , tetrahydrothiophene (THT) and the like.
- TBM tertiary butyl mercaptan
- EM ethyl mercaptan
- examples of sulfides include dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and diethyl sulfide (DES)
- examples of thiophenes include , tetrahydrothiophene (THT)
- the sulfur-based odorant is preferably TBM, EM, DMS, THT, or a mixture thereof, which are also used for household fuel gas.
- THT is more preferable as the sulfur-based odorant.
- THT is chemically stable compared to TBM, EM, DMS, etc., and is less likely to cause decomposition or corrosion reactions in refrigerant circuits. Less likely to clot.
- the refrigeration cycle device includes a compressor. Refrigerant passes through the compressor.
- the compressor contains refrigerating machine oil whose main component is polyalkylene glycol.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of the compressor of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the compressor 3 comprises a shell 11, as shown in FIG.
- the shell 11 has a compression mechanism 12 inside and an electric motor 13 that drives the compression mechanism 12 .
- the shell 11 is connected to a suction pipe 14 for causing the refrigerant to flow inside and a discharge pipe 15 for causing the refrigerant to flow outside.
- An accumulator 16 is connected to the upstream side of the suction pipe 14 to separate gas and liquid in the refrigerant and send the vapor to the suction pipe 14 .
- the compressor 3 has a sliding portion inside the compression mechanism 12 .
- Refrigerating machine oil is stored in an oil reservoir 27 positioned below the compressor 3 for lubrication of sliding parts.
- the refrigerating machine oil stored in the oil reservoir 27 is supplied to the sliding portion inside the compression mechanism 12 by pump action through an oil supply hole (not shown) provided in the shaft of the drive shaft 28 .
- the refrigerating machine oil contacts the refrigerant inside the compressor 3 .
- the refrigerating machine oil may accelerate the deterioration of the refrigerant, refrigerating machine oil, and the materials inside the compressor. .
- the HSP of a substance can be quoted from the database and calculated from the molecular structure by using the computer software HSPiP (Hansen Solubility Parameter in Practice). Also, even if HSPiP is not used, the HSP calculation method is described in literature (for example, by Van Krevelen, Properties of Polymers, 4th Edition, 2009).
- Table 7 shows a refrigerant gas obtained by mixing R-290, which contains a sulfur-based odorant (THT) as a refrigerant, and the PAG shown in Table 6. Prepared under the conditions indicated. The concentration of THT in the refrigerant was set to 600 ppm by weight so that the odor intensity of the refrigerant shown in Table 5 was 3.
- THT sulfur-based odorant
- PAG with an O/C ratio of 0.43 or less in order to circulate THT together with R-290 in the refrigerant circuit by suppressing the dissolution of THT into PAG.
- the HSP distance between R-290 and THT is larger than the HSP distance between PAG and THT, and the solubility of THT in R-290 is lower than the solubility of THT in PAG. That is, it is considered that the amount of THT dissolved in PAG decreases when R-290 dissolves in PAG.
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- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
圧縮機を含む冷媒回路を備え、
前記冷媒回路内に冷媒が封入されており、
前記冷媒は、炭素数が1から4の炭化水素と、硫黄系付臭剤と、を含み、
前記圧縮機内に冷凍機油が充填されており、
前記冷凍機油は、ポリアルキレングリコールを含み、
ポリアルキレングリコールの分子構造中の酸素原子数と炭素原子数の比率は、0.50以下である。
まず、本実施の形態の冷凍サイクル装置の概要について簡単に説明する。図1は、実施の形態1に係る冷凍サイクル装置の一例を示す概略構成図である。室外機1は、圧縮機3、凝縮器4、室外送風機5等を備え、圧縮機3と凝縮器4とが配管で接続されている。室内機2は、膨張弁6、蒸発器7、室内送風機8等を備え、膨張弁6と蒸発器7とが配管で接続されている。
次に、本実施の形態において、冷媒回路内に封入される冷媒について説明する。冷媒は、冷媒として機能する主成分を含み、さらに、冷媒の漏出を検知するための硫黄系付臭剤を含む。
冷媒中に配合される硫黄系付臭剤とは、硫黄元素を含む付臭剤である。硫黄系付臭剤としては、例えば、メルカプタン類、スルフィド類、チオフェン類等が挙げられる。メルカプタン類としては、例えば、ターシャリーブチルメルカプタン(TBM)、エチルメルカプタン(EM)等が、スルフィド類としては、例えば、ジメチルスルフィド(DMS)、ジエチルスルフィド(DES)等が、チオフェン類としては、例えば、テトラヒドロチオフェン(THT)等が挙げられる。これらの硫黄系付臭剤は、燃料ガスに使用実績のある化合物であり、不快臭を有する化合物である。これらの硫黄系付臭剤は、1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本実施の形態において、冷凍サイクル装置は、圧縮機を備える。冷媒は圧縮機の内部を通過する。圧縮機はポリアルキレングリコールを主成分とする冷凍機油を含む。
次に、本実施の形態において、圧縮機内を潤滑するために充填される冷凍機油について説明する。冷凍機油として機能する主成分は、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)である。
m+n≦100・・・式(1)
n/m+n≧0.20・・・式(2)
PAGの分子構造中の酸素原子(O)数と炭素原子(C)数との比率(O/C比)(以下、単に「O/C比」とも称する。)は、0.50以下である。O/C比が0.50以下の場合、PAGへの硫黄系付臭剤の溶解量が小さくなり、冷媒回路から放出された冷媒を嗅覚で認識することが可能となる。O/C比は、0.43以下であることが好ましく、0.39以下であることがより好ましい。また、O/C比の下限は、特に制限はないが、0.25以上であってもよく、0.30以上であってもよい。
PAGおよび硫黄系付臭剤のHSP距離と、PAGおよび冷媒のHSP距離との差は、-2.0以上である。なお、以下、PAGおよび硫黄系付臭剤のHSP距離を「硫黄系付臭剤とのHSP距離」と、PAGおよび冷媒のHSP距離を「冷媒とのHSP距離」と、それぞれ称することがある。
HSP距離={4×(dD1-dD2)2+(dP1-dP2)2+(dH1-dH2)2}0.5・・・式(3)
冷媒、硫黄系付臭剤およびPAGを混合した場合に冷媒と共に放出される硫黄系付臭剤の量を評価するために、冷媒、硫黄系付臭剤およびPAGを混合した冷媒ガスを表1に示す条件で準備した。使用したPAGは、m=7、n=36、R1およびR2はCH3であった。また、冷媒ガス中の硫黄系付臭剤(THT)の濃度を表2に示す。
空気中の硫黄系付臭剤の濃度と臭気の強さとの関係を定量評価するために、空気と硫黄系付臭剤(THT)とを混合したサンプルガスを表3に示す条件で準備した。また、サンプルガス中のTHTの濃度を表4に示す。
PAGの分子構造による評価試験1の結果への影響を確認するため、冷媒として硫黄系付臭剤(THT)を含むR-290と、表6に示すPAGとを混合した冷媒ガスを表7に示す条件で準備した。冷媒中のTHTの濃度は、表5に記載の冷媒の臭気強度が3となるように600重量ppmとした。
評価試験3の結果より、O/C比が小さいPAGを使用することで、THTのPAGへの溶解性を小さくし、THTをR-290と共に放出させられることが確認できた。しかしながら、試験No.3~13のPAG内での冷媒の臭気強度の差異は説明することができない。そこで、HSPを使用して、PAGの分子構造とTHTの放出量との相関を調べた。THT、R-290および各試験No.のPAGのHSPを表9に示す。HSPは、コンピューターソフトウェアであるHSPiP Ver.5.3を使用し、各試験No.のPAGはVan Krevelen法で算出した。
冷媒回路を有する市販の家庭用ルームエアコン(三菱電機株式会社製、室内機型番MSZ-GV5620S/室外機型番MUCZ-G5620S)を使用し、冷媒回路から放出された冷媒ガスを回収した。冷媒回路には、冷媒の主成分としてR-290を450g封入し、硫黄系付臭剤としてTHTを290mg(冷媒の質量に対して643重量ppm)封入した。圧縮機には、冷凍機油として評価試験1で用いたPAG(評価試験3の試験No.10)を400g封入した。
Claims (7)
- 圧縮機を含む冷媒回路を備え、
前記冷媒回路内に冷媒が封入されており、
前記冷媒は、炭素数が1から4の炭化水素と、硫黄系付臭剤と、を含み、
前記圧縮機内に冷凍機油が充填されており、
前記冷凍機油は、ポリアルキレングリコールを含み、
ポリアルキレングリコールの分子構造中の酸素原子数と炭素原子数の比率は、0.50以下である、冷凍サイクル装置。 - ポリアルキレングリコールと前記硫黄系付臭剤とのHSP距離と、ポリアルキレングリコールと前記冷媒とのHSP距離との差は、-2.0以上である、請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- ポリアルキレングリコールと前記硫黄系付臭剤とのHSP距離と、ポリアルキレングリコールと前記冷媒とのHSP距離との差は、-0.5以上である、請求項2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記硫黄系付臭剤は、メルカプタン類、スルフィド類およびチオフェン類からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記冷媒は、プロパン、プロピレンおよびイソブタンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記硫黄系付臭剤は、テトラヒドロチオフェンであり、
前記冷媒は、プロパンである、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒中の前記硫黄系付臭剤の濃度は、50重量ppm以上1100重量ppm未満である、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
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