WO2023077690A1 - 传动机构及天线 - Google Patents
传动机构及天线 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023077690A1 WO2023077690A1 PCT/CN2022/077195 CN2022077195W WO2023077690A1 WO 2023077690 A1 WO2023077690 A1 WO 2023077690A1 CN 2022077195 W CN2022077195 W CN 2022077195W WO 2023077690 A1 WO2023077690 A1 WO 2023077690A1
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- Prior art keywords
- transmission mechanism
- gear
- base
- drive shaft
- shaft
- Prior art date
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N endosulfan Chemical group C12COS(=O)OCC2C2(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
- F16H1/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes
- F16H1/16—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes comprising worm and worm-wheel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/22—Toothed members; Worms for transmissions with crossing shafts, especially worms, worm-gears
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication antennas, in particular to a transmission mechanism and an antenna including the transmission mechanism.
- the downtilt angle of the antenna is a very important technical parameter. Parameters such as the angle, strength and area of mobile signal coverage will change with the change of the downtilt angle of the antenna. In practical applications, it is usually necessary to adjust the downtilt angle of the antenna according to different situations. With the development of technology, electronically adjustable antennas that can electrically adjust the downtilt angle have been more and more widely used. In an electrically tunable antenna, a plurality of small phase shifters are usually arranged, and these phase shifters are connected to a transmission device and respectively connected to a plurality of radiating elements through a feed network.
- the motor runs under the control of the control system, and drives the dielectric plate of the phase shifter through the transmission device to drive the phase shifter to move, so that each radiation unit or combination of radiation units can obtain differential phase adjustment. Then change the downtilt angle of the antenna.
- the traditional transmission device uses a combination of screw, base and nut to provide the motor with a starting position of rotation (corresponding to the initial phase shifting position of the phase shifter).
- a starting position of rotation corresponding to the initial phase shifting position of the phase shifter.
- the above combination uses three parts, there is a large The structure fits the gap, which leads to the inaccurate initial phase shift position of the phase shifter, which in turn leads to errors in phase adjustment.
- the transmission device in the prior art uses a combination of screw, machine base and nut to provide the starting position of rotation for the motor. Since the above combination uses three parts, there is a large structural fit clearance, resulting in phase shifting The initial phase shift position of the device is not accurate enough, which makes the phase adjustment error.
- the first aspect of the present invention proposes a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism includes: a drive shaft; and a stop assembly, the stop assembly includes: a base, the surface of which forms a first thread and a rotating part, the rotating part is arranged on the driving shaft and can rotate with the driving shaft, the surface of the rotating part forms a second thread matching the first thread, wherein the base and at least one of the rotating parts is provided with a stopper; when the driving shaft rotates, the rotating part rotates with the driving shaft and engages with the first screw thread and the second screw thread
- the base forms a relative slide; when the stopper is against the base or the rotating part, the relative sliding between the base and the rotating part stops.
- the stop assembly includes two parts, a base and a rotating part.
- the stopper assembly uses fewer parts, the structural fit clearance is correspondingly reduced, so the initial phase shifter position of the phase shifter can be calibrated more accurately by using the stopper assembly, thereby improving the Accuracy of phase adjustment.
- fewer parts also reduce the difficulty of assembly, lower the manufacturing cost, and have higher cost-effectiveness.
- the base is installed slidingly, and the rotating component is fixedly installed on the driving shaft.
- the base is fixedly installed, and the rotating part is slidably installed on the driving shaft.
- the stopper is arranged on the base; when the drive shaft rotates, the rotating part slides in the axial direction of the drive shaft; when the When the stopper is against the rotating part, the relative sliding between the base and the rotating part is stopped.
- the stop portion is any end of the first thread.
- the base has a first matching portion at the two ends of the first thread respectively
- the rotating part has a first matching portion at the two ends of the second thread respectively.
- the transmission mechanism further includes: at least one driven shaft, respectively interlaced with the drive shaft; and at least one reversing assembly, respectively connected to the at least one driven shaft Corresponding to one of the drive shafts, and used to drive the corresponding driven shaft to rotate synchronously when the drive shaft rotates, each reversing assembly includes: a worm, and the worm is arranged on one of the drive shaft and the driven shaft on; a first gear, the first gear is provided on the other of the drive shaft and the driven shaft; and a reversing mechanism, the reversing mechanism meshes with the worm and the first gear .
- the worm is arranged on the driving shaft, and the first gear is arranged on the driven shaft.
- neither the worm nor the first gear is located on a common vertical line between the driving shaft and the driven shaft.
- the distance between the driving shaft and the driven shaft is smaller than the radius of the first gear.
- the reversing mechanism includes at least one second gear.
- the thread lead angle of the worm is smaller than the friction angle between the second gear and the worm.
- both the first gear and the second gear are helical gears.
- the diameter of the second gear is smaller than the diameter of the first gear.
- the shaft of the second gear is parallel to the driven shaft, wherein the distance between the shaft of the second gear and the driving shaft is greater than that of the driven shaft distance from the drive shaft.
- each reversing assembly further includes a limit mechanism, the limit mechanism includes: a housing; and a partition, the partition is located in the housing and connected to The casing together forms a limiting space with the casing, and in an assembled state, the worm, the reversing mechanism and the first gear are accommodated in the limiting space.
- a second aspect of the present invention provides an antenna, which includes: a reflector; at least one phase shifter; and a transmission mechanism according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect.
- a third aspect of the present invention provides an antenna, which includes: a reflector provided with a receiving slot; at least one phase shifter; and any one of the embodiments including the commutation assembly according to the first aspect
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, the transmission mechanism includes a reversing assembly;
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of another angle of the limiting mechanism in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of installing the transmission mechanism of Fig. 1 on the antenna reflector
- Figure 4 shows a partial enlarged view of area B in Figure 3;
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a stopper assembly included in a transmission mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 6A and 6B are schematic diagrams showing another angle of the base and the rotating part in the stopper assembly of FIG. 5;
- Fig. 7 shows an exploded schematic diagram of a transmission mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention before assembly, the transmission mechanism includes a reversing assembly and a stopper assembly; and
- Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in Fig. 7 connected with the motor and the phase shifter.
- the transmission device of the electric adjustable antenna in the prior art is often realized by using a large-area sheet metal or some complicated mechanical structures, and it is difficult to make multiple sets of phase shifters perform smoothly and smoothly. Consistent movement, which affects the working accuracy of the phase shifter and the adjustment accuracy of the electrical downtilt.
- the present invention proposes a transmission mechanism.
- the transmission mechanism includes a drive shaft 1 , a driven shaft 2 and a reversing assembly 3 arranged alternately with the drive shaft 1 .
- the transmission mechanism may include a plurality of driven shafts 2 and a plurality of reversing assemblies 3, each driven shaft is arranged alternately with the drive shaft 1, and each reversing assembly 3 is connected to one of the plurality of driven shafts 2 A driven shaft 2 corresponds.
- the drive shaft 1 rotates under the action of an external driving force, which can be directly or indirectly provided by a motor, or manually provided directly or indirectly.
- the transmission mechanism can be applied to both electrically-tuned antennas and hand-tuned antennas.
- the drive shaft 1 can be directly or indirectly connected to the motor.
- the reversing assembly 3 is used to drive the corresponding driven shaft 2 to rotate synchronously when the driving shaft 1 rotates.
- the reversing assembly 3 includes a worm 31 , a reversing mechanism 32 and a first gear 33 . As shown in FIG. 1 , neither the worm 31 nor the first gear 33 is disposed on the common vertical line of the driving shaft 1 and the driven shaft 2 .
- the worm 31 is not disposed directly above the first gear 33 .
- the worm 31 is arranged on the drive shaft 1 and can rotate with the drive shaft 1 .
- neither the worm 31 nor the first gear 33 is arranged on the common vertical line between the drive shaft 1 and the driven shaft 2, it can be understood that in other embodiments, the worm 31, the first gear 33
- One of the gears 33 can also be arranged on the common vertical line of the driving shaft 1 and the driven shaft 2 .
- the reversing mechanism 32 is engaged with the worm 31 .
- the first gear 33 is arranged on the driven shaft 2 and meshes with the reversing mechanism 32 .
- the reversing mechanism 32 is a second gear, and both the first gear and the first gear 33 are helical gears.
- the reversing mechanism 32 may be a combination of multiple gears.
- the reversing mechanism 32 can also adopt other structures, as long as the reversing function can be realized.
- the shaft of the second gear 32 is parallel to the driven shaft 2, and the distance between the shaft of the second gear 32 and the driving shaft 1 is greater than the distance between the driven shaft 2 and the driving shaft 1 .
- the driven shaft 2 is connected with at least one phase shifter (not shown in FIG. 1 ), and then drives at least one phase shifter to perform synchronous phase adjustment when rotating.
- the worm 31 is shown with a first central hole 311 matching the drive shaft 1 .
- the cross sections of the driving shaft 1 and the first central hole 311 are non-circular, for example, the cross sections of the driving shaft 1 and the first central hole 311 are waist-shaped.
- the worm 31 is sheathed and circumferentially fixed on the drive shaft 1 via the first central hole 311.
- the first gear 33 is shown as having a second central hole 331 matching the driven shaft 2 , for example, the driven shaft 2 and the second central hole 331 are waist-shaped in section.
- the first gear 33 is sheathed and circumferentially fixed on the driven shaft 2 through the second center hole 331 .
- the worm 31 can be arranged on the driving shaft 1 in other forms, and the first gear 33 can also be arranged on the driven shaft 2 in other forms, for example, neither the worm 31 nor the first gear 33 has a center Instead, they are integrally formed with the drive shaft 1 and the driven shaft 2 respectively.
- the reversing assembly 3 further includes a limiting mechanism 34 .
- the limiting mechanism 34 includes a housing 341 and a partition 342 .
- the partition 342 is located in the housing 341, is connected with the housing 341 and together with the housing 341 forms a limiting space 343. Sizes match.
- the worm 31 , the reversing mechanism 32 and the first gear 33 are accommodated in the limiting space 343 , thereby preventing the worm 31 , the reversing mechanism 32 and the first gear 33 from being displaced.
- the housing 341 is provided with a first through hole 351 and a second through hole 352 opposite to each other, and a third through hole 353 and a fourth through hole 354 opposite to each other.
- the separator 342 includes a first portion and a second portion perpendicular to each other, and the first portion and the second portion are respectively provided with a fifth through hole 355 and a sixth through hole 356 .
- the fifth through hole 355 is aligned with the first through hole 351 and the second through hole 352
- the sixth through hole 356 is aligned with the third through hole 353 and the fourth through hole 354 .
- the drive shaft 1 passes through the first through hole 351, the fifth through hole 355 and the second through hole 352 in sequence, and the driven shaft 2 passes through the third through hole 353, the sixth through hole 356 and the fourth through hole in sequence.
- Through hole 354 Through hole 354 .
- a pair of first positioning portions 361 and 362 are provided on two side walls of the housing 341 , and a pair of second positioning portions 321 and 322 are provided at both ends of the reversing mechanism 32 .
- a pair of first positioning parts 361 and 362 are shown as openings, and a pair of second positioning parts 321 and 322 are shown as protrusions.
- a pair of protrusions 321 are respectively inserted into corresponding openings 361 or 362 to position the reversing mechanism 32 .
- the first positioning portion and the second positioning portion may also have other numbers and forms, as long as the reversing mechanism can be positioned by cooperation with each other.
- each first fixing portion extends outward from the outer surface of the housing 341 and has an opening, and a fixing member such as a fixing pin can be used to pass through the opening and be fixed on other parts of the antenna.
- the first fixing portion may also have other numbers and forms, as long as the housing 341 can be directly or indirectly fixedly connected to other components of the antenna.
- the limiting mechanism 34 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is only exemplary, and it may have other structures.
- the reversing assembly 3 may not include the limiting mechanism 34 , but the limiting is performed in other ways.
- the number of phase shifters can be easily increased while ensuring the synchronization and consistency of the phase shifter movement, which has better expansion Sex, and the weight and cost of the transmission are also lower.
- the commutation by means of worm drive achieves a large reduction ratio, improves the transmission accuracy, and can drive multiple phase shifters under the action of a small driving force.
- the power motor can then drive multiple phase shifters.
- the stiffness of the shaft itself further ensures the consistency of the rotation, thereby ensuring the smooth movement of the phase shifter.
- the reversing mechanism 32 is the second gear, and the thread lead angle of the worm 31 is designed to be smaller than the friction angle between the second gear and the worm 31, so as to realize reverse self-locking and make the phase shifter work remain stable.
- the traditional transmission device adopts a complex mechanical structure, so it occupies a large area and has a large thickness.
- the transmission mechanism of the present invention enables the driving shaft 1 and the driven shaft 2 to be alternately arranged through the reversing mechanism 32, so that the distance between the driving shaft 1 and the driven shaft 2 can be set to be smaller than that of the first gear 33 and the worm 31 of the radius. In this way, the height of the transmission mechanism can be reduced, thereby reducing the occupied space, and realizing flattening, thinning and miniaturization of the entire antenna product.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of installing the transmission mechanism of FIG. 1 on the antenna reflector
- FIG. 4 shows a partial enlarged view of area B in FIG. 3
- a receiving groove (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 ) is opened on the reflecting plate 5 , and its shape matches the shape of the projection of the reversing mechanism 32 on the reflecting plate 5 .
- the transmission mechanism is installed on the reflector 5
- a part of the reversing mechanism 32 is accommodated in the receiving groove, thereby reducing the thickness of the entire antenna product.
- the three first fixing parts 371-373 of the limiting mechanism 34 are respectively aligned with the three fixing fitting parts on the reflector 5 (only two fixing fitting parts 511 and 512 are shown in the perspective of FIG.
- Fasteners such as pins fix the limiting mechanism 34 on the reflector 5 .
- the transmission mechanism further includes a stopper assembly, which is used to accurately calibrate the initial phase shifting position of the phase shifter.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the stopper assembly;
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show schematic views of another angle of the base and the rotating part in the stopper assembly of FIG. 5 .
- the stop assembly 4 includes a base 41 and a rotating part 42 .
- the surface 411 of the base 41 forms a first thread 412 .
- the rotating part 42 is arranged on the driving shaft 1 and can rotate with the driving shaft 1 , and the surface of the rotating part 42 forms a second thread 421 matching the first thread 412 .
- the rotating member 42 rotates with the drive shaft 1 and slides relative to the base 41 through the engagement of the first thread 412 and the second thread 421 .
- a stopper is provided on the base 41 and/or the rotating part 42 , and when the stopper is against the base 41 or the rotating part 42 , relative sliding between the base 41 and the rotating part 42 is stopped. In the assembled state, the position of the stop corresponds to the initial phase shifting position of the at least one phase shifter.
- the rotating part 42 is shown in the form of a screw, which has a third central hole 422 matching the drive shaft 1 , for example, the drive shaft 1 and the third central hole 422 are waist-shaped in section.
- the rotating component 42 is sheathed and circumferentially fixed on the drive shaft 1 via the third central hole 422 .
- the rotating part 42 can be arranged on the driving shaft 1 in other forms, for example, the rotating part 42 does not have a central hole, but is integrally formed with the driving shaft 1 .
- the first thread 412 is recessed from the surface 411 of the base 41 , those skilled in the art should understand that the first thread 411 can be provided on the surface 411 of the base 41 in other forms.
- the base 41 also has two opposite end portions 413 and 414 , and the surface 411 is located between the two end portions 413 and 414 .
- the two ends 413 and 414 respectively extend beyond the surface 411 and are respectively provided with through holes for the drive shaft 1 to pass through.
- the base 42 is also provided with six second fixing parts 417, wherein two second fixing parts extend outward from the middle part of the base 42, and the other four second fixing parts extend from the two end parts 413 and 414 extend outward respectively, and are used to be directly or indirectly fixedly connected with other components of the antenna (such as a reflector).
- Each of the second fixing parts 417 has an opening, through which a fixing member such as a fixing pin can be used and fixed on other parts of the antenna.
- the second fixing portion 417 may also have other numbers and forms, as long as the base 42 can be directly or indirectly fixedly connected to other components of the antenna.
- the stop portion is either end 415 or 416 of the first thread 412 .
- the drive shaft 1 is directly or indirectly connected to the drive shaft of a motor (not shown in FIG. 5 and FIGS. 6A-6B ), and is driven to rotate by the motor.
- a motor not shown in FIG. 5 and FIGS. 6A-6B
- make corresponding settings in the control system of the motor such as the rotation direction of the motor.
- the control system controls the motor to continuously rotate in a preset rotation direction, and the drive shaft 1 rotates under the drive of the motor.
- the base 41 is fixed on other components of the antenna (such as a reflector) via the second fixing portion 417 , so it remains stationary.
- the rotating member 42 rotates with the drive shaft 1 and slides along the drive shaft 1 toward the selected end of the first thread 412 .
- the rotating member 42 stops rotating and slides axially. This provides the motor with a starting position of rotation indicating that the phase shifter to which the transmission is connected has reached the initial phase shifting position.
- the control system of the motor controls the motor to rotate in the reverse direction. Driven by the motor, the drive shaft 1 also rotates in the reverse direction, and starts to shift the phase of the phase shifter.
- the rotating part 42 slides along the drive shaft 1 and the base 41 is in a fixed position
- the rotating part 42 may be set to be fixed in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the driving shaft 1, That is, it cannot slide along the drive shaft 1 , but the base 41 is set to be able to slide along the drive shaft 1 .
- the base 41 and the rotating member 42 slide relative to each other through the engagement of the first thread 412 and the second thread 421 .
- FIG. 5 and FIGS. 6A-6B only show an example of the stopper, and those skilled in the art should understand that the stopper can be located at other positions and/or have other forms, as long as it can stop the base 41 from rotating. Relative sliding between the parts 42 and/or rotation of the rotating part 42 is sufficient.
- the stop portion can be located at other positions of the base 41 , such as at any position of the first thread 412 , so as to stop the rotation and/or sliding of the rotating member 42 .
- the stop portion can also be located on the rotating component 42 .
- stoppers can be provided on both the base 41 and the rotating part 42 , for example, two stoppers cooperating with each other are respectively provided at appropriate positions of the base 41 and the rotating part 42 . It should be understood that when assembling the transmission mechanism and the phase shifter, the position of the stopper needs to be set to correspond to the initial phase shifting position of the phase shifter.
- the base 41 has a pair of first mating parts 418 and 419 at the two ends 415 and 416 of the first thread 412, respectively, and the rotating mechanism 42 has a pair of first fittings 418 and 419 at the two ends of the second thread 421. There are respectively a pair of second fitting parts 423 and 424 .
- the rotating component 42 reaches the end 416 of the first thread 412
- the first matching portion 419 and the second matching portion 424 contact each other.
- the rotating mechanism 42 slides along the drive shaft 1 toward the other end 415 of the first thread 412 and reaches the end 415
- the other first matching portion 418 and the other second matching portion 423 contact each other.
- the stop assembly includes two parts, the base and the rotating part. Compared with the prior art, since the stopper assembly uses fewer parts, the structural fit clearance is correspondingly reduced, so the initial phase shifter position of the phase shifter can be calibrated more accurately by using the stopper assembly, thereby improving the Accuracy of phase adjustment. At the same time, fewer parts also reduce the difficulty of assembly, lower the manufacturing cost, and have higher cost-effectiveness.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show an exploded schematic diagram of a transmission mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention before assembly, the transmission mechanism includes a reversing assembly and a stopper assembly; Fig. 8 shows the transmission mechanism, motor and phase shifter in Fig. 7 Schematic diagram after connection.
- the transmission mechanism includes two driven shafts 2 and 2' and two reversing assemblies 3 and 3'.
- the drive shaft 1 is connected to the drive shaft of the motor 61 and rotates under the drive of the motor 61 .
- Two driven shafts 2 and 2' are arranged alternately with the driving shaft 1 respectively.
- Two reversing assemblies 3 and 3' convert the rotation of the drive shaft 1 into rotations of the driven shafts 2 and 2' respectively.
- the drive shaft 1 does not have to be directly connected to the drive shaft of the motor 61 , it can be indirectly driven by the motor 61 , for example, the rotation of the drive shaft of the motor 61 is converted into the rotation of the drive shaft 1 by the reversing assembly 3 .
- the transmission mechanism also includes the stopper assembly 4 shown in FIG. 5 , but those skilled in the art should understand that the purpose of the reversing assembly 3 is to solve the problem that the traditional transmission structure is difficult to make the phase shifter perform smoothly and consistently. The movement further affects the technical problems of the working accuracy of the phase shifter and the adjustment accuracy of the electrical downtilt angle, and the purpose of the stopper assembly 4 is to solve the problem that the traditional stopper structure has a large structural fit gap, which leads to the initial phase shift of the phase shifter Due to the technical problem that the position is not accurate enough, the transmission mechanism does not necessarily have the reversing assembly 3 and the stop assembly 4 at the same time, and they can be applied in different transmission mechanisms respectively. But transmission mechanism has reversing assembly 3 and stop assembly 4 both can solve above-mentioned two technical problems simultaneously.
- each drive assembly 62 includes a worm screw circumferentially fixed on the driven shaft and a fixing mechanism for limiting the position of the worm screw, and the fixing mechanism is fixed on other components of the antenna (such as a reflector) via a fixing piece.
- the worm of the driving assembly 62 meshes with the external gear of the phase shifter 63 .
- the worm of the driving assembly 62 rotates accordingly, and then drives the external gear of the phase shifter 63 to rotate, thereby performing phase adjustment.
- the structure of the drive assembly 62 is not limited to the forms shown in Figures 7 and 8, as long as it can drive the phase shifter 63 to perform phase shift under the drive of the driven shaft 2 or 2'.
- one end of the first thread on the base 41 is used as a stopper to stop the rotation assembly 42 .
- the position of the end corresponds to the initial phase shift position of the plurality of phase shifters 63 (ie, the starting position of the motor).
- the motor 61 drives the drive shaft 1 to continue to rotate, so that the rotating part 42 rotates with the drive shaft 1 and moves along the drive shaft 1 toward the first screw thread. This end (ie the stop) slides.
- the rotation of the driving shaft 1 is transmitted to the driven shafts 2 and 2' via the reversing assemblies 3 and 3', driven by the driving assemblies 62, the multiple phase shifters move toward their initial phase shifting positions.
- the rotating part 42 reaches the end, the rotating part 42 cannot continue to rotate and slide, and the second matching part thereon abuts against the first matching part at the end.
- the multiple phase shifters 63 are located at their initial phase shift positions, the control system controls the motor 61 to reverse, and the multiple phase shifters 63 start to shift phase.
- the stopper assembly uses fewer parts, so the structural fit gap is correspondingly reduced, so the initial phase shifting position of the phase shifter can be more accurately calibrated by using the stopper assembly, and the precision of phase adjustment is improved. At the same time, fewer parts also reduce the difficulty of assembly, lower the manufacturing cost, and have higher cost-effectiveness.
- the motor 61 determines the number of rotations through the control signal sent by the control system, and the number of rotations corresponds to the phase to be adjusted by the phase shifter 63 .
- the drive shaft 1 rotates under the drive of the motor 61, and the reversing assemblies 3 and 3' convert the rotation of the drive shaft 1 into the rotation of the two driven shafts 2 and 2'.
- the phase shifter 63 performs synchronous phase adjustment.
- the rotating member 42 rotates with the drive shaft 1 and slides along the drive shaft 1 . Since the first thread on the base 41 has sufficient length, during the phase shifting process, the rotating part 42 will not reach the end of the first thread and be stopped.
- Commutation by means of worm drive realizes a large reduction ratio, improves transmission accuracy and can drive multiple phase shifters under the action of a small driving force. Moreover, the stiffness of the shaft itself further ensures the consistency of the rotation, thereby ensuring the smooth movement of the phase shifter.
- phase shifters For the sake of simplicity, only four phase shifters are shown in the embodiments of FIG. 7 and FIG. Such as 16, 32, 64, etc.) phase shifters and radiation units. Therefore, more phase shifters can be arranged on the driven shafts 2 and 2' as required, or several driven shafts 2 and 2' and corresponding reversing assemblies 3 can be added, and each driven shaft has Multiple phase shifters can be set.
- the specific arrangement of the phase shifter 63 on the driven shaft eg, symmetrical with respect to the commutation assembly 3 or located on the side of the commutation assembly 3 ) can also be determined according to needs (such as the size of the space in the antenna).
- multiple third shafts and corresponding multiple reversing assemblies can also be arranged alternately on each driven shaft, and the rotation of the driven shaft is converted into the rotation of the third shaft through the reversing assembly, thereby driving and
- a plurality of phase shifters connected to the driving shaft, the driven shaft and/or the third shaft perform synchronous phase adjustment. Therefore, the number of phase shifters can be conveniently increased by using the transmission mechanism, which has good expandability, and the weight and cost of the transmission are also low.
- the stopper assembly 4 is arranged at the tail of the drive shaft 1, but those skilled in the art should understand that the position of the stopper assembly 4 can be set as required, for example, the stopper assembly 4 is arranged at The front part of the drive shaft 1 (such as between the driven shaft 2 and the motor 61 ) or the middle part of the drive shaft 1 (such as between the two driven shafts 2 and 2').
- the present invention also proposes an antenna, including: a reflector; at least one phase shifter; and a transmission mechanism according to any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
- an accommodating groove is provided on the reflecting plate, and a part of the reversing mechanism 32 is accommodated in the accommodating groove, thereby reducing the height of the transmission mechanism. Accommodating grooves can be provided as required.
- the diameter of the reversing mechanism 32 (such as the second gear) is greater than or equal to the diameter of the first gear 33, a receiving groove must be provided to shorten the distance between the driven shaft 2 and the reflector, thereby reducing the thickness of the antenna assembly ; And when the diameter of the reversing mechanism 32 is smaller than the diameter of the first gear 33, the receiving groove may not be provided.
- the distance between the driving shaft 1 and the driven shaft 2 is close to zero, that is, as long as there is no friction between the driving shaft 1 and the driven shaft 2 .
- a part of the reversing mechanism 32 and a part of the first gear 33 can be accommodated in the receiving groove, so as to further shorten the distance between the driven shaft 2 and the reflector. Ideally, the distance between the driven shaft 2 and the reflector is close to zero.
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- Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
一种传动机构以及包括该传动机构的天线,其中传动机构包括:驱动轴(1);以及止挡组件(4),该止挡组件(4)包括:底座(41),底座(41)的表面形成第一螺纹(412);以及转动部件(42),该转动部件(42)设置在驱动轴(1)上并能够随驱动轴(1)转动,转动部件(42)的表面形成与第一螺纹(412)相匹配的(421),其中,底座(41)和转动部件(42)中的至少一个设置有止挡部,当驱动轴(1)转动时,转动部件(42)随驱动轴(1)转动并经由第一螺纹(412)和第二螺纹(421)的啮合而与底座(41)形成相对滑动;当止挡部抵持底座(41)或者转动部件(42)时,底座(41)和转动部件(42)之间停止相对滑动。由于止挡组件采用较少的零件,结构配合间隙也相应地减小,因此能更准确地校准移相器的初始移相位置,提高了相位调节的精度。
Description
本发明涉及移动通信天线的技术领域,尤其涉及一种传动机构及包括该传动机构的天线。
在移动通信的技术领域中,天线下倾角是一个很重要的技术参数。移动信号覆盖的角度、强度和面积等参数都会随着天线下倾角的变化而变化。在实际应用中,通常需要根据不同情况对天线下倾角进行调节。随着技术的发展,可电动调节下倾角的电调天线得到了越来越广泛的应用。在电调天线中,通常布置有多个小型移相器,这些移相器与传动装置连接并通过馈电网络分别连接多个辐射单元。在调节电下倾角时,电机在控制系统的控制下运转,经由传动装置驱动移相器的介质板,以带动移相器移动,从而使各辐射单元或者辐射单元的组合获得差分的相位调节,进而改变天线的下倾角。
为了提高相位调节的精度,需要校准移相器的初始移相位置。传统的传动装置采用螺杆、机座和螺母的组合来为电机提供转动起始位置(对应于移相器的初始移相位置),然而,由于上述组合采用了三个零件,因此存在较大的结构配合间隙,导致移相器的初始移相位置不够准确,进而使得相位调节产生误差。
发明内容
如上所述,现有技术中的传动装置采用螺杆、机座和螺母的组合来为电机提供转动起始位置,由于上述组合采用了三个零件,因此存在较大的结构配合间隙,导致移相器的初始移相位置不够准确,进而使得相位调节产生误差。
针对以上技术问题,本发明的第一方面提出了一种传动机构,所述传 动机构包括:驱动轴;以及止挡组件,所述止挡组件包括:底座,所述底座的表面形成第一螺纹;以及转动部件,所述转动部件设置在所述驱动轴上并能够随所述驱动轴转动,所述转动部件的表面形成与所述第一螺纹相匹配的第二螺纹,其中,所述底座和所述转动部件中的至少一个设置有止挡部;当所述驱动轴转动时,所述转动部件随所述驱动轴转动并经由所述第一螺纹和所述第二螺纹的啮合而与所述底座形成相对滑动;当所述止挡部抵持所述底座或者所述转动部件时,所述底座和所述转动部件之间停止相对滑动。
在本发明中,止挡组件包括底座和转动部件两个零件。与现有技术相比,由于止挡组件采用了较少的零件,结构配合间隙也相应地减小,因此使用该止挡组件能够更准确地校准移相器的初始移相位置,从而提高了相位调节的精度。同时,较少的零件也减小了组装的难度,降低了制造成本,具有较高的成本效益。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述底座滑动安装,所述转动部件固定安装在所述驱动轴上。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述底座固定安装,所述转动部件滑动安装在所述驱动轴上。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述止挡部设置在所述底座上;当所述驱动轴转动时,所述转动部件在所述驱动轴的轴向方向上滑动;当所述止挡部抵持所述转动部件时,所述底座和所述转动部件之间停止相对滑动。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述止挡部为所述第一螺纹的任意一个末端。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述底座在所述第一螺纹的两个末端处分别具有第一配合部,所述转动部件在所述第二螺纹的两个末端处分别具有第二配合部,当所述转动部件受所述止挡部止挡时,所述第一配合部和所述第二配合部彼此接触。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述传动机构还包括:至少一个从动轴,分别与所述驱动轴交错设置;以及至少一个换向组件,分别与所述至少一个从动轴中的一个相对应,并用于在所述驱动轴转动时驱动对应的 从动轴同步转动,每个换向组件包括:蜗杆,所述蜗杆设置在所述驱动轴和所述从动轴中的一个上;第一齿轮,所述第一齿轮设置在所述驱动轴和所述从动轴中的另一个上;以及换向机构,所述换向机构与所述蜗杆和所述第一齿轮啮合。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述蜗杆设置在所述驱动轴上,所述第一齿轮设置在所述从动轴上。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述蜗杆和所述第一齿轮均不位于所述驱动轴和所述从动轴的公垂线上。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述驱动轴和所述从动轴之间的间距小于所述第一齿轮的半径。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述换向机构包括至少一个第二齿轮。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述蜗杆的螺纹升角小于所述第二齿轮与所述蜗杆之间的摩擦角。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述第一齿轮和所述第二齿轮均为斜齿轮。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述第二齿轮的直径小于所述第一齿轮的直径。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述第二齿轮的轴与所述从动轴平行,其中,所述第二齿轮的轴与所述驱动轴之间的距离大于所述从动轴与所述驱动轴之间的距离。
在依据本发明的一个实施例之中,所述每个换向组件还包括限位机构,所述限位机构包括:壳体;以及隔板,所述隔板位于所述壳体内并连接至所述壳体,以与所述壳体共同形成限位空间,在组装状态下,所述蜗杆、所述换向机构和所述第一齿轮被容纳在所述限位空间中。
本发明的第二方面提出了一种天线,所述天线包括:反射板;至少一个移相器;以及根据第一方面的各实施例中任一个实施例的传动机构。
本发明的第三方面提出了一种天线,所述天线包括:反射板,设置有容纳槽;至少一个移相器;以及根据第一方面的包括换向组件的各实施例中任一个实施例的传动机构,其中,所述传动机构的换向组件至少部分地 收容于所述容纳槽内。
参考附图示出并阐明实施例。这些附图用于阐明基本原理,从而仅仅示出了对于理解基本原理必要的方面。这些附图不是按比例的。在附图中,相同的附图标记表示相似的特征。
图1示出了依据本发明一个实施例的传动机构的示意图,该传动机构包括换向组件;
图2示出了图1中限位机构的另一角度的示意图;
图3示出了将图1的传动机构安装在天线反射板上的示意图;
图4示出了图3中区域B的局部放大图;
图5示出了止挡组件的示意图,该止挡组件包括在依据本发明一个实施例的传动机构中;
图6A和6B分别示出了图5的止挡组件中底座和转动部件的另一角度的示意图;
图7示出了依据本发明一个实施例的传动机构在组装前的分解示意图,该传动机构包括换向组件和止挡组件;以及
图8示出了图7中的传动机构与电机和移相器连接后的示意图。
本发明的其它特征、特点、优点和益处通过以下结合附图的详细描述将变得更加显而易见。
在以下优选的实施例的具体描述中,将参考构成本发明一部分的所附的附图。所附的附图通过示例的方式示出了能够实现本发明的特定的实施例。示例的实施例并不旨在穷尽根据本发明的所有实施例。可以理解,在不偏离本发明的范围的前提下,可以利用其它实施例,也可以进行结构性或者逻辑性的修改。因此,以下的具体描述并非限制性的,且本发明的范围由所附的权利要求所限定。
现有技术中存在如下的技术问题,即现有技术中的电调天线的传动装置往往通过使用大面积的钣金或一些复杂的机械结构来实现,很难使多组 移相器进行平稳且一致的移动,这影响了移相器的工作精度及电下倾角的调节精度。
针对以上技术问题,本发明提出了一种传动机构。参考图1,该传动机构包括驱动轴1、与驱动轴1交错设置的从动轴2和换向组件3。应当理解,为了简单起见,图1中仅示出一个从动轴2和一个换向组件3。然而,传动机构可以包括多个从动轴2和多个换向组件3,每个从动轴都与驱动轴1交错设置,并且每个换向组件3均与多个从动轴2中的一个从动轴2相对应。驱动轴1在外部驱动力的作用下转动,该外部驱动力可以是由电机直接或间接提供的驱动力,也可以是人工直接或间接提供的驱动力。换句话说,该传动机构可应用于电调天线和手调天线两者中。在应用于电调天线中时,驱动轴1可以直接或间接地连接到电机。换向组件3用于在驱动轴1转动时驱动对应的从动轴2同步转动。换向组件3包括蜗杆31、换向机构32和第一齿轮33。如图1中示出的,蜗杆31和第一齿轮33均不设置在驱动轴1和从动轴2的公垂线上。换句话说,不将蜗杆31设置在第一齿轮33的正上方。蜗杆31设置在驱动轴1上并能够随驱动轴1转动。尽管在本实施例中,蜗杆31和第一齿轮33均不设置在驱动轴1和从动轴2的公垂线上,但是可以理解的是,在其它实施例中,所述蜗杆31、第一齿轮33中的一个亦可以设置在驱动轴1和从动轴2的公垂线上。换向机构32与蜗杆31啮合。第一齿轮33设置在从动轴2上并与换向机构32啮合。在一些实施例中,也可以将蜗杆31设置在从动轴2上而将第一齿轮33设置在驱动轴1上。在图1的实施例中,换向机构32为第二齿轮,且与第一齿轮33均为斜齿轮。然而,本领域技术人员应当理解,换向机构32可以是多个齿轮的组合。或者,换向机构32也可以采用其它结构,只要能实现换向功能即可。在图1的实施例中,第二齿轮32的轴与从动轴2平行,并且,第二齿轮32的轴与驱动轴1之间的距离大于从动轴2与驱动轴1之间的距离。从动轴2与至少一个移相器相连(图1中未示出),进而在转动时带动至少一个移相器进行同步相位调节。
在图1中,蜗杆31被示出为具有与驱动轴1匹配的第一中心孔311。驱动轴1、第一中心孔311的截面为非正圆形,例如,驱动轴1和第一中心孔311的截面均呈腰形。蜗杆31经由第一中心孔311套设并周向固定在驱 动轴1上。第一齿轮33被示出为具有与从动轴2匹配的第二中心孔331,例如,从动轴2和第二中心孔331的截面均呈腰形。第一齿轮33经由第二中心孔331套设并周向固定在从动轴2上。在一些实施例中,蜗杆31可以以其它形式设置在驱动轴1上,并且第一齿轮33也可以以其它形式设置在从动轴2上,例如,蜗杆31和第一齿轮33都不具有中心孔,而是分别与驱动轴1和从动轴2一体成型。
如图1中示出的,在该实施例中,换向组件3还包括限位机构34。限位机构34包括壳体341和隔板342。隔板342位于壳体341内,与壳体341相连并与壳体341共同形成限位空间343,该限位空间343的尺寸被设计为与蜗杆31、换向机构32和第一齿轮33的尺寸相匹配。在组装状态下,蜗杆31、换向机构32和第一齿轮33被容纳在限位空间343中,进而防止蜗杆31、换向机构32和第一齿轮33的移位。如图1和图2中示出的,壳体341上设有相对设置的第一通孔351和第二通孔352以及相对设置的第三通孔353和第四通孔354。隔板342包括彼此垂直的第一部分和第二部分,该第一部分和第二部分上分别设有第五通孔355和第六通孔356。第五通孔355与第一通孔351和第二通孔352对齐,第六通孔356与第三通孔353和第四通孔354对齐。在组装状态下,驱动轴1依次穿过第一通孔351、第五通孔355和第二通孔352,从动轴2依次穿过第三通孔353、第六通孔356和第四通孔354。
继续参考图1和图2,壳体341的两个侧壁上设有一对第一定位部361和362,换向机构32的两端设有一对第二定位部321和322。在图1和图2中,一对第一定位部361和362被示出为呈开孔形式,一对第二定位部321和322被示出为呈凸起形式。在组装状态下,一对凸起321分别插入对应的开孔361或362中,从而对换向机构32进行定位。在一些实施例中,第一定位部和第二定位部也可以具有其它数量和形式,只要能通过彼此的配合来对换向机构进行定位即可。
如图1和图2中示出的,壳体341上还设有三个第一固定部371-373,用于直接或间接地与天线的其它部件(如反射板)固定连接。在图1和图2中,每个第一固定部都从壳体341的外表面向外延伸并具有开孔,可以使用固定销之类的固定件穿过开孔并固定在天线的其它部件上。在一些实施 例中,第一固定部也可以具有其它数量和形式,只要能将壳体341与天线的其它部件直接或间接地固定连接即可。本领域技术人员应当理解,图1和图2中示出的限位机构34仅仅是示例性的,其可以具有其它结构。此外,换向组件3也可以不包括限位机构34,而通过其它方式进行限位。
在上述实施例中,通过使用换向组件改变驱动轴的输出动力的传动方向,能够在保证移相器移动的同步性和一致性的同时方便地增加移相器的数量,具有较好的拓展性,且传动的重量和成本也较低。另外,借助于蜗杆传动进行换向实现了大的减速比,提升了传动精度,并且能够在较小的驱动力作用下驱动多个移相器,因此在应用于电调天线中时,使用小功率电机便可驱动多个移相器。而且,轴本身的刚度进一步确保了转动的一致性,从而确保移相器移动的平稳性。
在一些实施例中,换向机构32为第二齿轮,并且蜗杆31的螺纹升角被设计为小于第二齿轮与蜗杆31之间的摩擦角,从而实现反向自锁,使移相器工作时保持稳定。
此外,传统的传动装置采用复杂的机械结构,因此占用面积较大,且厚度较大,而随着天线产品的轻薄化和小型化,天线内部的可用空间非常有限,传统的传动装置难以布置在其中,而本发明传动机构通过换向机构32使得驱动轴1、从动轴2可以交错设置,从而可以将驱动轴1和从动轴2之间的间距设置为小于第一齿轮33、蜗杆31的半径。这样,能够降低传动机构的高度,从而减少占用空间,实现整个天线产品的扁平化、轻薄化和小型化。
图3示出了将图1的传动机构安装在天线反射板上的示意图,图4示出了图3中区域B的局部放大图。反射板5上开设有容纳槽(图3和图4未示出),其形状与换向机构32在反射板5上的投影的形状相匹配。当将传动机构安装在反射板5上时,换向机构32的一部分被收容在该容纳槽中,进而降低了整个天线产品的厚度。另外,限位机构34的三个第一固定部371-373分别与反射板5上的三个固定配合部(图5的视角中仅示出两个固定配合部511和512)对齐,通过固定销之类的固定件将限位机构34固定在反射板5上。
在现有技术的电调天线的传动装置中,除了上述多组移相器难以进行 平稳且一致的移动并导致移相器的工作精度及电下倾角的调节精度受到影响的技术问题之外,还存在的一个技术问题便是传统的传动装置采用螺杆、机座和螺母的组合来为电机提供转动起始位置(对应于移相器的初始移相位置),然而,由于上述组合采用了三个零件,因此存在较大的结构配合间隙,导致移相器的初始移相位置不够准确,进而使得相位调节产生误差。
针对以上技术问题,在本发明的一个实施例中,传动机构还包括一个止挡组件,该止挡组件用于准确地校准移相器的初始移相位置。图5示出了该止挡组件的示意图;图6A和6B分别示出了图5的止挡组件中底座和转动部件的另一角度的示意图。同时参考图5和图6A-6B,止挡组件4包括底座41和转动部件42。底座41的表面411形成第一螺纹412。转动部件42设置在驱动轴1上并能够随驱动轴1转动,并且,转动部件42的表面形成与第一螺纹412相匹配的第二螺纹421。当驱动轴1转动时,转动部件42随驱动轴1转动,并经由第一螺纹412和第二螺纹421的啮合而与底座41形成相对滑动。在底座41和/或转动部件42上设有止挡部,当止挡部抵持底座41或者转动部件42时,底座41和转动部件42之间停止相对滑动。在组装状态下,止挡部的位置与至少一个移相器的初始移相位置相对应。
在图5中,转动部件42被示出为丝杆形式,其具有与驱动轴1匹配的第三中心孔422,例如,驱动轴1和第三中心孔422的截面均呈腰形。转动部件42经由第三中心孔422套设并周向固定在驱动轴1上。在一些实施例中,转动部件42可以以其它形式设置在驱动轴1上,例如,转动部件42不具有中心孔,而是与驱动轴1一体成型。
尽管在图5中,从底座41的表面411向内凹陷且形成第一螺纹412,但是本领域技术人员应当理解,第一螺纹411可以以其它形式设置在底座41的表面411上。如图5示出的,底座41还具有相对设置的两个端部413和414,表面411位于两个端部413和414之间。两个端部413和414分别延伸超出该表面411,并分别设有供驱动轴1穿过的通孔。此外,底座42上还设有六个第二固定部417,其中两个第二固定部从底座42的中间部分向外延伸,另外四个第二固定部从底座42的两个端部413和414分别向外延伸,用于直接或间接地与天线的其它部件(如反射板)固定连接。每个 第二固定部417都具有开孔,可以使用固定销之类的固定件穿过其中并固定在天线的其它部件上。在一些实施例中,第二固定部417也可以具有其它数量和形式,只要能将底座42与天线的其它部件直接或间接地固定连接即可。
在图5的实施例中,止挡部为第一螺纹412的任意一个末端415或416。驱动轴1直接或间接地连接到电机(图5和图6A-6B中未示出)的驱动轴,并在电机的驱动下转动。在组装传动机构和移相器时,选择第一螺纹412的末端415或416作为止挡部,并在固定底座41时,对应地设置该止挡部的位置和移相器的初始移相位置。同时,在电机的控制系统中进行相应的设置,如电机的转动方向。在组装状态下,当需要校准初始移相位置时,控制系统控制电机在预设的转动方向上持续转动,在电机的驱动下,驱动轴1转动。底座41经由第二固定部417固定在天线的其它部件(如反射板)上,因此保持不动。转动部件42随驱动轴1转动,并沿着驱动轴1朝向第一螺纹412的所选择的末端滑动。当转动部件42到达该末端时,转动部件42停止转动和轴向滑动。这为电机提供了一个转动起始位置,该转动起始位置表示传动机构所连接的移相器已经到达初始移相位置。此时,电机的控制系统控制电机反向转动,在电机的驱动下,驱动轴1也反向转动,开始对移相器进行移相。
尽管在图5中示出转动部件42沿驱动轴1滑动,底座41处于固定位置,然而,在一些实施例中,可以将转动部件42设置为在驱动轴1的周向和轴向上固定,即无法沿驱动轴1滑动,而将底座41设置为能够沿驱动轴1滑动。总而言之,只要在驱动轴1的驱动下,底座41与转动部件42经由第一螺纹412和第二螺纹421的啮合形成相对滑动即可。
此外,图5和图6A-6B仅示出了止挡部的一个示例,本领域技术人员应当理解,止挡部可以位于其它位置和/或具有其它形式,只要其能够止挡底座41与转动部件42之间的相对滑动和/或转动部件42的转动即可。在一些实施例中,止挡部可以位于底座41的其它位置处,例如在第一螺纹412的任意位置处,以对转动部件42的转动和/或滑动进行止挡。在一些实施例中,止挡部还可以位于转动部件42上。在一些实施例中,可以在底座41和转动部件42两者上均设有止挡部,例如在底座41和转动部件42的适当 位置处分别设置彼此配合的两个止挡部。应当理解,在组装传动机构和移相器时,止挡部的位置需要被设置为与移相器的初始移相位置相对应。
如图6A和图6B示出的,底座41在第一螺纹412的两个末端415和416处分别具有一对第一配合部418和419,转动机构42在第二螺纹421的两个末端处分别具有一对第二配合部423和424。结合图5和图6A-6B,当转动部件42到达第一螺纹412的末端416时,第一配合部419与第二配合部424彼此接触。同样地,如果转动机构42沿驱动轴1朝第一螺纹412的另一个末端415滑动并到达该末端415,则另一第一配合部418与另一第二配合部423彼此接触。
在上述实施例中,止挡组件包括底座和转动部件两个零件。与现有技术相比,由于止挡组件采用了较少的零件,结构配合间隙也相应地减小,因此使用该止挡组件能够更准确地校准移相器的初始移相位置,从而提高了相位调节的精度。同时,较少的零件也减小了组装的难度,降低了制造成本,具有较高的成本效益。
接下来参考图7和图8。图7示出了依据本发明一个实施例的传动机构在组装前的分解示意图,该传动机构包括换向组件和止挡组件;图8示出了图7中的传动机构与电机和移相器连接后的示意图。在该实施例中,传动机构包括两个从动轴2和2’以及两个换向组件3和3’。驱动轴1连接到电机61的驱动轴,并在电机61的驱动下转动。两个从动轴2和2’分别与驱动轴1交错设置。两个换向组件3和3’分别将驱动轴1的转动转换为从动轴2和2’的转动。应当理解,驱动轴1并非必须直接与电机61的驱动轴相连,其可以间接地受电机61的驱动,例如,利用换向组件3将电机61的驱动轴的转动转换为驱动轴1的转动。
在该实施例中,传动机构还包括图5所示的止挡组件4,但是本领域技术人员应当理解,换向组件3的目的在于解决传统的传动结构难以使移相器进行平稳且一致的移动进而影响移相器的工作精度及电下倾角的调节精度的技术问题,而止挡组件4的目的在于解决传统的止挡结构存在较大的结构配合间隙进而导致移相器的初始移相位置不够准确的技术问题,因此传动机构并非必须同时具有换向组件3和止挡组件4,它们可以分别应用在不同的传动机构中。但是,传动机构具有换向组件3和止挡组件4两者能 够同时解决上述两个技术问题。
如图7和图8中所示,每个从动轴上相对于换向组件3对称地设置两个驱动组件62,每个驱动组件62都用于经由从动轴的转动带动移相器63进行移相。具体地,每个驱动组件62都包括周向固定在从动轴上的蜗杆和用于限定蜗杆位置的固定机构,固定机构经由固定件固定在天线的其它部件(如反射板)上。驱动组件62的蜗杆与移相器63的外齿轮啮合。当从动轴转动时,驱动组件62的蜗杆随之转动,进而带动移相器63的外齿轮转动,从而进行相位调节。本领域技术人员可以理解,驱动组件62的结构不限于图7和图8中示出的形式,只要能够在从动轴2或2’的带动下驱动移相器63进行移相即可。
在该实施例中,将底座41上的第一螺纹的一个末端作为止挡部来对转动组件42进行止挡。通过预先布置,该末端的位置与多个移相器63的初始移相位置(即电机的工作起始位置)相对应。当需要校准移相器的初始移相位置时,在控制系统的控制下,电机61驱动驱动轴1持续转动,从而使转动部件42随驱动轴1转动并沿着驱动轴1朝向第一螺纹的该末端(即止挡部)滑动。同时,驱动轴1的转动经由换向组件3和3’而传递到从动轴2和2’,在多个驱动组件62的驱动下,多个移相器朝其初始移相位置移动。当转动部件42到达该末端时,转动部件42无法继续转动和滑动,且其上的第二配合部与该末端处的第一配合部抵靠。此时,多个移相器63位于其初始移相位置,控制系统控制电机61进行反转,多个移相器63开始移相。由于止挡组件采用了较少的零件,结构配合间隙也相应地减小,因此使用该止挡组件能够更准确地校准移相器的初始移相位置,提高了相位调节的精度。同时,较少的零件也减小了组装的难度,降低了制造成本,具有较高的成本效益。
在移相过程中,电机61通过控制系统发出的控制信号确定旋转圈数,该旋转圈数与移相器63需调节的相位相对应。驱动轴1在电机61的驱动下转动,换向组件3和3’将驱动轴1的转动转换为两个从动轴2和2’的转动,在多个驱动组件62的驱动下,多个移相器63进行同步相位调节。同时,转动部件42随驱动轴1转动并沿着驱动轴1滑动。由于底座41上的第一螺纹具有足够的长度,因此在移相过程中,转动部件42不会到达第一 螺纹的末端而被止挡。借助于蜗杆传动进行换向实现了大的减速比,提升了传动精度并能够在较小的驱动力作用下驱动多个移相器。而且,轴本身的刚度进一步确保了转动的一致性,从而确保移相器移动的平稳性。
为了简单起见,在图7和图8的实施例中仅示出了四个移相器,但本领域技术人员应当理解,在一个天线产品中,尤其是MIMO天线中,通常具有数十个(如16个、32个、64个等)移相器和辐射单元。因此,可以根据需要在从动轴2和2’上设置更多的移相器,或者可以再增加若干个从动轴2和2’及对应的换向组件3,每个从动轴上均可设置多个移相器。还可以根据需要(如天线内的空间大小)确定移相器63在从动轴上的具体布置方式(如相对于换向组件3对称或位于换向组件3一侧)。同样应当理解,还可以在每个从动轴上交错设置多个第三轴和对应的多个换向组件,通过换向组件将从动轴的转动转换为第三轴的转动,从而驱动与驱动轴、从动轴和/或第三轴相连的多个移相器进行同步相位调节。因此,利用该传动机构能够方便地增加移相器的数量,具有较好的拓展性,且传动的重量和成本也较低。
在图7和图8的实施例中,止挡组件4设置在驱动轴1的尾部,但是本领域技术人员应当理解,可以根据需要设置止挡组件4的位置,例如将止挡组件4设置在驱动轴1的前部(如从动轴2与电机61之间)或驱动轴1的中部(如两个从动轴2和2’之间)。
此外,本发明还提出了一种天线,包括:反射板;至少一个移相器;以及依据上述实施例中任一个实施例的传动机构。在一些实施例中,在反射板上开设容纳槽,将换向机构32的一部分收容于容纳槽中,从而降低传动机构的高度。可以根据需要设置容纳槽。例如,当换向机构32(如第二齿轮)的直径大于或等于第一齿轮33的直径时,必须设置容纳槽才能缩短从动轴2与反射板之间的距离,从而降低天线组件的厚度;而当换向机构32的直径小于第一齿轮33的直径时,可以不设置容纳槽。在理想情况下,驱动轴1、从动轴2之间的间距接近为零,即只要驱动轴1、从动轴2之间没有摩擦即可。在一些实施例中,可以将换向机构32的一部分和第一齿轮33的一部分均收容于容纳槽中,从而进一步缩短从动轴2与反射板之间的距离。在理想情况下,从动轴2与反射板之间的距离接近于零。
尽管已经描述了本发明的不同示例性的实施例,但对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,能够进行不同的改变和修改,其能够在并未背离本发明的精神和范畴的情况下实现本发明的优点中的一个或一些优点。对于那些在本领域技术中相当熟练的技术人员来说,执行相同功能的其它部件可以适当地被替换。应当了解,在此参考特定的附图解释的特征可以与其它附图的特征组合,即使是在那些没有明确提及此的情况中。这样的对根据本发明的方案的修改旨在被所附权利要求所覆盖。
Claims (18)
- 一种传动机构,其特征在于,所述传动机构包括:驱动轴;以及止挡组件,所述止挡组件包括:底座,所述底座的表面形成第一螺纹;以及转动部件,所述转动部件设置在所述驱动轴上并能够随所述驱动轴转动,所述转动部件的表面形成与所述第一螺纹相匹配的第二螺纹,其中,所述底座和所述转动部件中的至少一个设置有止挡部;当所述驱动轴转动时,所述转动部件随所述驱动轴转动并经由所述第一螺纹和所述第二螺纹的啮合而与所述底座形成相对滑动;当所述止挡部抵持所述底座或者所述转动部件时,所述底座和所述转动部件之间停止相对滑动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述底座滑动安装,所述转动部件固定安装在所述驱动轴上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述底座固定安装,所述转动部件滑动安装在所述驱动轴上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述止挡部设置在所述底座上;当所述驱动轴转动时,所述转动部件在所述驱动轴的轴向方向上滑动;当所述止挡部抵持所述转动部件时,所述底座和所述转动部件之间停止相对滑动。
- 根据权利要求4所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述止挡部为所述第一螺纹的任意一个末端。
- 根据权利要求4所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述底座在所述第 一螺纹的两个末端处分别具有第一配合部,所述转动部件在所述第二螺纹的两个末端处分别具有第二配合部,当所述转动部件受所述止挡部止挡时,所述第一配合部和所述第二配合部彼此接触。
- 根据权利要求1所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述传动机构还包括:至少一个从动轴,分别与所述驱动轴交错设置;以及至少一个换向组件,分别与所述至少一个从动轴中的一个相对应,并用于在所述驱动轴转动时驱动对应的从动轴同步转动,每个换向组件包括:蜗杆,所述蜗杆设置在所述驱动轴和所述从动轴中的一个上;第一齿轮,所述第一齿轮设置在所述驱动轴和所述从动轴中的另一个上;以及换向机构,所述换向机构与所述蜗杆和所述第一齿轮啮合。
- 根据权利要求7所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述蜗杆设置在所述驱动轴上,所述第一齿轮设置在所述从动轴上。
- 根据权利要求7所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述蜗杆和所述第一齿轮均不位于所述驱动轴和所述从动轴的公垂线上。
- 根据权利要求9所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述驱动轴和所述从动轴之间的间距小于所述第一齿轮的半径。
- 根据权利要求7所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述换向机构包括至少一个第二齿轮。
- 根据权利要求11所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述蜗杆的螺纹升角小于所述第二齿轮与所述蜗杆之间的摩擦角。
- 根据权利要求11所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述第一齿轮和 所述第二齿轮均为斜齿轮。
- 根据权利要求11所述的传动机构,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述第二齿轮的直径小于所述第一齿轮的直径。
- 根据权利要求11所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述第二齿轮的轴与所述从动轴平行,其中,所述第二齿轮的轴与所述驱动轴之间的距离大于所述从动轴与所述驱动轴之间的距离。
- 根据权利要求7所述的传动机构,其特征在于,所述每个换向组件还包括限位机构,所述限位机构包括:壳体;以及隔板,所述隔板位于所述壳体内并连接至所述壳体,以与所述壳体共同形成限位空间,在组装状态下,所述蜗杆、所述换向机构和所述第一齿轮被容纳在所述限位空间中。
- 一种天线,其特征在于,所述天线包括:反射板;至少一个移相器;以及根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的传动机构。
- 一种天线,其特征在于,所述天线包括:反射板,设置有容纳槽;至少一个移相器;以及根据权利要求7-16中任一项所述的传动机构,其中,所述传动机构的换向组件至少部分地收容于所述容纳槽内。
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