WO2023062989A1 - 熱媒体循環システム - Google Patents

熱媒体循環システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023062989A1
WO2023062989A1 PCT/JP2022/033866 JP2022033866W WO2023062989A1 WO 2023062989 A1 WO2023062989 A1 WO 2023062989A1 JP 2022033866 W JP2022033866 W JP 2022033866W WO 2023062989 A1 WO2023062989 A1 WO 2023062989A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric heating
heating device
refrigerant
heat exchanger
heat medium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2022/033866
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
俊二 森脇
由樹 山岡
常子 今川
繁男 青山
和彦 町田
潤 吉田
泰彬 坂東
和人 中谷
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 filed Critical パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority to JP2023555021A priority Critical patent/JPWO2023062989A1/ja
Priority to EP22880685.7A priority patent/EP4417898A4/en
Publication of WO2023062989A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023062989A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/0095—Devices for preventing damage by freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/08—Arrangements for drainage, venting or aerating
    • F24D19/082—Arrangements for drainage, venting or aerating for water heating systems
    • F24D19/088—Draining arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/12—Preventing or detecting fluid leakage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/136—Defrosting or de-icing; Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/144—Measuring or calculating energy consumption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/242—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/254—Room temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/281—Input from user
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305—Control of valves
    • F24H15/31—Control of valves of valves having only one inlet port and one outlet port, e.g. flow rate regulating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/345—Control of fans, e.g. on-off control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
    • F24H15/38—Control of compressors of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/395—Information to users, e.g. alarms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F24H15/45—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based remotely accessible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/006—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass for preventing frost
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/029—Control issues
    • F25B2313/0294—Control issues related to the outdoor fan, e.g. controlling speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a heat medium circulation system.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an outdoor unit using a flammable refrigerant. This outdoor unit is provided with an electric heating device on the upper part of the bottom plate, and the electric heating device is energized after the outdoor fan rotates.
  • the present disclosure provides a heat medium circulation system with improved safety by controlling power consumption while ventilating the atmosphere gas of the electric heating device.
  • a compressor, a user-side heat exchanger, an expansion device, and a heat source-side heat exchanger are connected in a ring, a refrigerant circuit using a combustible refrigerant, and air in the heat source-side heat exchanger.
  • a blower device for circulating the air blower a housing containing at least the refrigerant circuit and the blower device, an electric heating device provided on the surface of the bottom plate of the housing, and a control device. The operation and the energization of the electric heating device are started at the same time, and the power consumption of the electric heating device is controlled to be lower than that in the stable state for a predetermined time after the start of energization of the electric heating device.
  • the surface temperature of the electric heating device is kept low until the atmosphere gas of the electric heating device is ventilated, so safety is further improved. Also, freezing of the bottom plate is prevented.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a heat medium circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Pressure-enthalpy diagram (Ph diagram) of the same heat medium circulation system Schematic diagram of the installation form of the electric heating device of the heat medium circulation system
  • Configuration diagram of the control system of the same heat medium circulation system Correlation diagram between power density and heater surface temperature of the electric heating device of the same heat medium circulation system Flowchart for explaining the control operation of the air blower and the electric heating device of the same heat medium circulation system
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the heat medium circulation system 100 includes a refrigerant circuit 110, a heat medium circuit 120, and a controller .
  • the refrigerant circuit 110 is a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and is configured by sequentially connecting a compressor 111, a user-side heat exchanger 112, an expansion device 113, and a heat source-side heat exchanger 114 via pipes 116. .
  • Propane which is a flammable refrigerant, is used as the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant circuit 110 is also provided with a four-way valve 115 for switching between a heating operation for generating hot water and a cooling operation for generating cold water.
  • the refrigerant circuit 110 is housed in a housing 140 outside the room.
  • the housing 140 is provided with a blower 117 that circulates outdoor air to the heat source side heat exchanger 114 .
  • the heat medium circuit 120 is configured by sequentially connecting a use-side heat exchanger 112 , a use-side terminal 122 , switching valves 124 a and 124 b , and a carrier pump 121 through heat medium pipes 126 .
  • the switching valves 124a and 124b selectively switch the circuit of the heat medium.
  • the conveying pump 121 is a heat medium conveying device. Water or antifreeze is used as a heat medium.
  • the heat medium circuit 120 is provided with a hot water storage tank 123 in parallel with the user terminal 122 .
  • the hot water storage tank 123 is connected by a heat medium pipe 126 that branches from the switching valve 124b and merges with the switching valve 124a.
  • a water heating device 127 having a heater element is provided on the downstream side of the utilization side heat exchanger 112. As shown in FIG. At the highest position of the water heating device 127, a degassing device 128 capable of discharging the gas flowing through the heat medium circuit 120 to the outside is provided. The outlet of the deaerator 128 is open to the outdoor atmosphere.
  • a cutoff valve 129a is provided between the transfer pump 121 and the use side heat exchanger 112 to stop the flow of the heat medium.
  • a cutoff valve 129b is provided between the utilization side heat exchanger 112 and the water heating device 127 .
  • solid line arrows indicate the flow direction of the refrigerant during the heating operation
  • dashed line arrows indicate the flow direction of the refrigerant during the cooling operation.
  • the state change of the refrigerant in the heating operation and the cooling operation will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the high-pressure refrigerant (point a) discharged from the compressor 111 flows into the user-side heat exchanger 112 via the four-way valve 115, and radiates heat to the heat medium flowing through the user-side heat exchanger 112.
  • the high-pressure refrigerant (point b) after radiating heat in the user-side heat exchanger 112 is depressurized and expanded by the expansion device 113 , and then flows into the heat source-side heat exchanger 114 .
  • the low-pressure refrigerant (point c) flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 114 absorbs heat from the outside air, evaporates, and returns to the suction side (point d) of the compressor 111 via the four-way valve 115 again.
  • the high-pressure refrigerant (point a) discharged from the compressor 111 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 114 via the four-way valve 115, and the heat source side heat exchanger 114 radiates heat to the outside air.
  • the high pressure refrigerant (point b) is depressurized and expanded in the expansion device 113 and then flows into the utilization side heat exchanger 112 .
  • the low-pressure refrigerant (point c) flowing into the usage-side heat exchanger 112 absorbs heat from the heat medium flowing through the usage-side heat exchanger 112 and evaporates. point).
  • the state change of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit 120 will be described.
  • the heat medium circulated by the conveying pump 121 is heated by the high-temperature refrigerant in the user-side heat exchanger 112 .
  • the heat medium is radiated to, for example, the air in the living space at the user terminal 122 and used to heat the user load.
  • the heat medium whose temperature has been lowered by radiating heat at the user-side terminal 122 is heated again by the user-side heat exchanger 112 .
  • the heater element of the water heating device 127 is energized, and the heat medium flows into the water heating device 127. to heat directly.
  • the high-temperature heat medium heated by the use-side heat exchanger 112 circulates in the hot water storage tank 123 by switching the switching valves 124a and 124b. A high-temperature heat medium is introduced into the hot water storage tank 123 from the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 123 , and a low-temperature heat medium is led out from the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 123 and heated by the utilization side heat exchanger 112 .
  • the heat medium is cooled by the user-side heat exchanger 112 and circulated by the carrier pump 121 to absorb heat in the user-side terminal 122 and used to cool the user-side load.
  • the heat medium whose temperature has been increased by absorbing heat in the utilization side terminal 122 is cooled again in the utilization side heat exchanger 112 .
  • Control device 130 is provided within housing 140 of heat medium circulation system 100 .
  • the control device 130 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 111, the rotation speed of the conveying pump 121, the throttle amount of the expansion device 113, and the applied voltage of the water heating device 127, and switches the four-way valve 115 and switching valves 124a and 124b. etc. By doing so, the efficiency of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is increased.
  • the heating operation when the heating operation is performed, moisture in the air freezes in the heat source side heat exchanger 114 to form frost.
  • the heat transfer performance of the heat source side heat exchanger 114 deteriorates, resulting in a reduction in heating capacity and a reduction in the coefficient of performance.
  • the degree of frost formation is determined from the outside air temperature, the operating time, the temperature of the heat source side heat exchanger 114, or the like, and a defrosting operation is performed in which the frost is melted and removed with the heat of the refrigerant.
  • Typical defrosting methods generally include reverse cycle defrosting and hot gas defrosting.
  • the four-way valve 115 is switched to reverse the circulation direction of the refrigerant, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 111 is introduced into the heat source side heat exchanger 114, and the condensation heat of the gas refrigerant defrosts. to melt.
  • Hot gas defrosting is performed by increasing the opening of the expansion device 113 without switching the four-way valve 115 and introducing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 111 into the heat source side heat exchanger 114 without reducing the pressure. , thaw the frost
  • frost adheres to the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes and fins in the heat source side heat exchanger 114 during the heating operation.
  • frost on the heat source side heat exchanger 114 is heated and melted by the defrosting operation.
  • the melted drain water runs along the fin surfaces of the heat source side heat exchanger 114 and falls from below the heat source side heat exchanger 114 to the bottom plate 141 of the outdoor housing 140 .
  • Drain water flows out of the housing 140 through a drain hole 142 provided in the bottom plate 141 .
  • a certain amount of drain water that falls on the bottom plate 141 during the defrosting operation is drained from the drain hole 142.
  • the slope to the drain hole 142 is small. part of the drain water stays in the Therefore, the accumulated drain water may freeze during the heating operation under environmental conditions below the freezing point. If the defrosting operation and the heating operation are repeated in such a state, ice will accumulate on the bottom plate 141 . In the worst case, the accumulated ice and the fan blades of the blower 117 come into contact with each other, causing the blower 117 to malfunction. In addition, problems such as breakage of the refrigerant pipe due to contact of the ice with the refrigerant pipe occur. Therefore, reliability and safety may not be ensured.
  • an electric heating device 143 is installed on the surface of the bottom plate 141 to heat the bottom plate 141 and prevent the drain water from freezing.
  • the electric heating device 143 is composed of, for example, a sheathed heater, a silicon rubber heater, or a PTC heater. It is desirable that the electric heating device 143 is arranged at an appropriate position with a heater length corresponding to the area of the bottom plate 141 so that the temperature of the bottom plate 141 can be sufficiently increased.
  • the electric heating device 143 uses a heater having a power density of 2 W/cm 2 when a rated voltage is applied.
  • the control device 130 includes a controller 131, a user interface 132, a high pressure side pressure sensor 133, a discharge temperature sensor 134, a heat source side heat exchange temperature sensor 135, an outside air temperature sensor 136, an incoming water temperature sensor 137, and an outgoing water temperature. It is composed of a sensor 138 and a gas sensor 139 .
  • the controller 131 is equipped with a microcomputer, memory, and the like.
  • a user interface 132 is used to input the operation stop of the device, the temperature setting of the heat medium to be generated, and the like.
  • the high pressure side pressure sensor 133 is provided in the discharge side pipe of the compressor 111 and detects the discharge side pressure.
  • a discharge temperature sensor 134 detects the temperature of the discharged refrigerant.
  • the heat source side heat exchanger temperature sensor 135 is provided in the refrigerant pipe of the heat source side heat exchanger 114 and detects the saturation temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the heat source side heat exchanger 114 .
  • the outside air temperature sensor 136 is provided on the outer surface of the housing 140 of the heat medium circulation system 100 and detects the outside air temperature.
  • the incoming water temperature sensor 137 detects the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the utilization side heat exchanger 112 provided in the heat medium circuit 120 .
  • the outgoing water temperature sensor 138 detects the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the utilization side heat exchanger 112 .
  • a gas sensor 139 is provided in the lower part of the housing 140 and detects the concentration of combustible gas.
  • the controller 131 performs heating operation or cooling operation based on input information of the user interface 132 .
  • the compressor 111 is controlled at a rotation speed determined based on the detection value of the outside air temperature sensor 136 , the detection value of the water temperature sensor 138 , and the water temperature set value of the user interface 132 .
  • the expansion device 113 Controls the amount of aperture.
  • the rotation speed of the conveying pump 121 is controlled so that the difference between the detected value of the outgoing water temperature sensor 138 and the detected value of the incoming water temperature sensor 137 becomes a predetermined temperature difference. Furthermore, during the heating operation, the voltage applied to the heater element of the water heating device 127 is controlled so that the detected value of the water temperature sensor 138 becomes the water temperature setting value.
  • the applied voltage is controlled below the rated voltage so that the power density is 1 W/cm 2 , keeping the surface temperature of the electric heating device 143 lower than normal and operating the electric heating device 143 . Then, when the rotational speed of the air blower 117 reaches a predetermined air volume, the applied voltage is increased to the rated voltage to further increase the temperature of the bottom plate 141 . Further, when the heat source side heat exchanger 114 is frosted due to the heating operation, the defrosting operation is started, but the air blower 117 is stopped when the reverse cycle defrosting is executed. At this time, the voltage applied to the electric heating device 143 is lowered so that the power density is reduced from 2 W/cm 2 to 1 W/cm 2 to keep the surface temperature low.
  • the defrosting operation is finished and the heating operation is started.
  • the applied voltage is raised to the rated voltage to keep the surface temperature of the electric heating device 143 high.
  • the concentration detected by the gas sensor 139 reaches or exceeds a predetermined concentration, the power supply to the electric heating device 143 is stopped and the surface temperature of the electric heating device 143 is lowered.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the power density and the surface temperature of the heater (electric heating device). Until a sufficient amount of air passes through the electric heating device 143, the electric heating device 143 is operated at a voltage applied to the heater of 1 W/cm 2 , which is a heater surface temperature well below the flash point of propane, 432°C. Then, after a sufficient air volume is secured, the electric heating device 143 is operated at a voltage applied to the heater of 2 W/cm 2 which is lower than the flash point of propane and a surface temperature sufficient to heat the bottom plate 141 . Thus, the heater applied voltage is controlled.
  • control device 130 operates blower device 117 and simultaneously applies a voltage having a power density of 1 W/cm 2 to electric heating device 143 (step S2). Then, the compressor 111 and the conveying pump 121 are operated to control their rotation speeds, and the opening degree of the expansion device 113 is adjusted (step S3).
  • the control device 130 detects the refrigerant concentration Cr in the housing 140 with the gas sensor 139 (step S4). Then, the refrigerant concentration Ca and the refrigerant concentration Cr set in advance are compared to determine whether the refrigerant concentration Cr is equal to or higher than the refrigerant concentration Ca (step S5).
  • step S5 When the refrigerant concentration Cr is equal to or higher than the refrigerant concentration Ca (YES in step S5), it is determined that the refrigerant is leaking from the refrigerant circuit 110. Then, while the air blower 117 continues to operate, the electric heating device 143 is de-energized (step S6). At the same time, the operations of the compressor 111 and the transport pump 121 are stopped (step S7). Next, the shutoff valves 129a and 129b are energized to operate in the closing direction to stop the flow of the heat medium (step S8).
  • step S5 when the refrigerant concentration Cr is less than the refrigerant concentration Ca (NO in step S5), it is determined that the combustible refrigerant is not leaking from the refrigerant circuit 110, and the operation is continued. Then, it is determined whether or not the blower 117 has been operated for a predetermined time (step S9). Then, when it is determined that a sufficient air volume has been secured after operating for a predetermined time (YES in step S9), the voltage is increased so that the power density of the electric heating device 143 becomes 2 W/cm 2 (step S10). .
  • the preset defrosting operation start temperature Tds is compared with the detected temperature Te of the heat source side heat exchanger temperature sensor 135 to determine whether or not the detected temperature Te, which is the heat exchanger temperature, is less than the defrost operation start temperature Tds. Determine (step S11).
  • the heat exchanger temperature Te is equal to or higher than the defrosting operation start temperature Tds (NO in step S11)
  • step S11 if the heat exchanger temperature Te is less than the defrosting operation start temperature Tds (YES in step S11), it is determined that the heat source side heat exchanger 114 has a large amount of frost due to the heating operation and that defrosting is necessary. do. Then, the four-way valve 115 is switched to the cooling side, and the blower 117 is stopped to start the defrosting operation (step S12). At this time, the applied voltage is lowered so that the power density of the electric heating device 143 becomes 1 W/cm 2 at the same time as the air blower 117 is stopped (step S13).
  • the preset defrosting operation end temperature Tde is compared with the temperature Te detected by the heat source side heat exchanger temperature sensor 135, and it is determined whether or not the heat exchanger temperature Te is equal to or higher than the defrosting operation end temperature Tde (step S14).
  • the heat exchanger temperature Te is lower than the defrosting operation end temperature Tde (NO in step S14)
  • frost remains in the heat source side heat exchanger 114, and the defrosting operation is continued.
  • step S14 if the heat exchanger temperature Te is equal to or higher than the defrosting operation end temperature Tde (YES in step S14), it is determined that the frost on the heat source side heat exchanger 114 has completely melted and the defrosting is completed. Then, the four-way valve 115 is switched to the heating side, and the air blower 117 is operated to start the heating operation (step S15).
  • the heat medium circulation system 100 includes the refrigerant circuit 110, the heat medium circuit 120, the control device 130, the blower device 117, the bottom plate 141, and the electric heating device 143.
  • Refrigerant circuit 110 is a combustible refrigerant vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
  • a compressor 111 , a user-side heat exchanger 112 , an expansion device 113 , and a heat source-side heat exchanger 114 are annularly connected to the refrigerant circuit 110 .
  • Heat medium circuit 120 circulates a liquid heat medium that heats and cools the load on the user side.
  • the blower 117 circulates outdoor air to the heat source side heat exchanger 114 .
  • the electric heating device 143 is provided on the surface of the bottom plate 141 and electrically heats the bottom plate 141 .
  • the electric heating device 143 is energized at the same time as the air blower 117 is operated, and is controlled to be lower than the stable power consumption for a predetermined time after the start of energization. As a result, the electric heating device 143 is energized simultaneously with the operation of the blower device 117 . Therefore, the temperature of the bottom plate 141 is prevented from lowering due to air blowing, and the temperature of the bottom plate 141 rises quickly. Also, if gas leaks and stays on the bottom plate 141 while the operation is stopped, the wind speed is low immediately after the operation of the blower 117 and the gas that stays is difficult to diffuse.
  • the temperature is controlled to be low, the power density of the electric heating device 143 is low for a predetermined time after the operation of the blower 117, and the surface temperature of the electric heating device 143 is kept low until the atmosphere gas of the electric heating device 143 is ventilated. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both more reliable prevention of ignition of the leaked refrigerant due to heat generation of the electric heating device 143 and prevention of freezing of the bottom plate 141 . Therefore, safety regarding leakage of the combustible refrigerant is further improved.
  • the power density of the electric heating device 143 is 2 W or less, and the power density may be controlled to be less than 1 W/cm 2 for a predetermined time after the start of energization.
  • the power density of the electric heating device 143 is low and the surface temperature is kept at a temperature sufficiently lower than the ignition temperature of propane in the time period when the wind speed is low after the blower device 117 starts operating. Therefore, even if combustible gas remains, it will not ignite. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both more reliable prevention of ignition of the leaked refrigerant due to heat generation of the electric heating device 143 and prevention of freezing of the bottom plate 141 . Therefore, safety against leakage of combustible refrigerant is further improved.
  • the predetermined time for controlling the power consumption of the electric heating device 143 to be low may be set to the time until the air volume of the blower device 117 reaches a predetermined air volume that can sufficiently exhaust the stagnant gas. good.
  • the combustible gas that has leaked from the refrigerant circuit 110 and has accumulated in the vicinity of the electric heating device 143 is diffused by the wind generated by the blower device 117 .
  • the surface temperature of the electric heating device 143 is maintained at a temperature sufficiently lower than the ignition temperature of propane. do not.
  • the operation of the air blower 117 is continued and the power supply to the electric heating device 143 is cut off. good. This makes it possible to reliably determine that the combustible refrigerant has leaked. At the time of gas leakage, the exhaust of the combustible gas by the air blower 117 and the stoppage of power supply to the electric heating device 143 quickly lower the surface temperature. Therefore, safety is further improved.
  • the combustible refrigerant may be propane or a mixed refrigerant containing propane.
  • the global warming potential (GWP) is low, and adverse effects on the environment can be suppressed even when the refrigerant leaks. Therefore, environmental performance is improved.
  • the cooling/heating water heater has been described as an example of the heat medium circulation system 100 .
  • the heat medium circulation system 100 may be any system as long as it can cool or heat liquid. Therefore, heat medium circulation system 100 is not limited to an air conditioner. However, if a cooling/heating water heater is used as the heat medium circulation system 100, the annual heat demand of the house can be met. Alternatively, a cold/hot water chiller may be used as the heat medium circulation system 100 . If a hot/cold water chiller is used as the heat medium circulation system 100, it is possible to cope with the heat load of heating and cooling used in the factory or the like, so that the energy efficiency of the factory can be improved.
  • the refrigerant concentration sensor has been described as an example of the leak detection sensor. Any leak detection sensor may be used as long as it can determine that the refrigerant has leaked from the refrigerant circuit 110 into the heat medium circuit 120 . Therefore, the leak detection sensor is not limited to the refrigerant concentration sensor. However, if a refrigerant concentration sensor is used as the leakage detection sensor, it can be realized with a simple configuration. Further, as the leakage detection sensor, a pressure sensor that detects the pressure of the refrigerant circuit 110 or a thermistor that detects the refrigerant temperature during operation may be used. If the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant circuit 110 are detected, the sensor for operation control can be shared, so there is an effect that it can be manufactured at low cost.
  • the installation position of the electric heating device 143 the structure installed on the surface of the bottom plate 141 of the housing 140 has been described.
  • the electric heating device 143 may be installed at a position where the temperature of the bottom plate 141 rises and the drain water does not freeze when the electric heating device 143 is energized. Therefore, the installation position of the electric heating device 143 is not limited to the surface of the bottom plate 141 . However, if the electric heating device 143 is installed on the surface of the bottom plate 141, the bottom plate 141 and the drain water can be directly heated, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be increased. Also, the electric heating device 143 may be installed on the back surface of the bottom plate 141 .
  • the refrigerant gas will not come into direct contact with the electric heating device 143 when the electric heating device 143 is short-circuited and a spark is generated. Therefore, there is an effect that it is possible to more reliably prevent ignition when a spark occurs.
  • circuits installed between the transfer pump 121 and the user-side heat exchanger 112 and between the user-side heat exchanger 112 and the switching valve have been described as examples of the installation positions of the shutoff valves 129a and 129b.
  • the shutoff valves 129a and 129b may be installed at positions where the refrigerant does not flow into the living space when the refrigerant leaks into the heat medium circuit 120.
  • FIG. Therefore, the installation positions of the shutoff valves 129a and 129b are not limited to between the transfer pump 121 and the user-side heat exchanger 112 or between the user-side heat exchanger 112 and the switching valve.
  • shutoff valves 129a and 129b are installed on the downstream side of the discharge device, the leaked refrigerant existing in the heat medium circuit 120 between the shutoff valves 129a and 129b can be discharged into the atmosphere even after shutting off. Therefore, safety is further improved.
  • the present disclosure is applicable to a heat medium circulation system using a combustible refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit. Specifically, the present disclosure is applicable to hot water heaters, commercial chillers, and the like.
  • heat medium circulation system 110 refrigerant circuit 111 compressor 112 use side heat exchanger 113 expansion device 114 heat source side heat exchanger 115 four-way valve 116 piping 117 air blower 120 heat medium circuit 121 transfer pump 122 use side terminal 123 hot water storage tank 124a, 124b switching valve 126 heat medium pipe 127 water heating device 128 degassing device 129a, 129b cutoff valve 130 control device 131 controller 132 user interface 133 high pressure side pressure sensor 134 discharge temperature sensor 135 heat source side heat exchanger temperature sensor 136 outside air temperature sensor 137 water inlet Temperature sensor 138 Outflow temperature sensor 139 Gas sensor 140 Housing 141 Bottom plate 142 Drain hole 143 Electric heating device

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/033866 2021-10-13 2022-09-09 熱媒体循環システム WO2023062989A1 (ja)

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EP22880685.7A EP4417898A4 (en) 2021-10-13 2022-09-09 Heat medium circulation system

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JP2005135277A (ja) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 自動販売機の冷却加温装置
JP2009079818A (ja) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-16 Panasonic Corp 自動販売機
JP2011002228A (ja) * 2010-10-04 2011-01-06 Hitachi Appliances Inc 冷蔵庫
JP2011158183A (ja) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 室外機および空気調和機
JP2012047362A (ja) * 2010-08-25 2012-03-08 Hitachi Appliances Inc 冷蔵庫
JP2015055455A (ja) 2013-09-13 2015-03-23 三菱電機株式会社 室外機及び空気調和機
JP2017026252A (ja) * 2015-07-27 2017-02-02 シャープ株式会社 空気調和機

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JP6452961B2 (ja) * 2014-06-05 2019-01-16 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 空気調和機
CN106568134A (zh) * 2015-10-08 2017-04-19 孙海潮 一种制冷热泵型无霜空调室外机
EP3460346A4 (en) * 2016-05-17 2019-05-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation AIR CONDITIONER

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005135277A (ja) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 自動販売機の冷却加温装置
JP2009079818A (ja) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-16 Panasonic Corp 自動販売機
JP2011158183A (ja) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 室外機および空気調和機
JP2012047362A (ja) * 2010-08-25 2012-03-08 Hitachi Appliances Inc 冷蔵庫
JP2011002228A (ja) * 2010-10-04 2011-01-06 Hitachi Appliances Inc 冷蔵庫
JP2015055455A (ja) 2013-09-13 2015-03-23 三菱電機株式会社 室外機及び空気調和機
JP2017026252A (ja) * 2015-07-27 2017-02-02 シャープ株式会社 空気調和機

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Title
See also references of EP4417898A4

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