WO2023060783A1 - 一拉得路桥及其制造与施工方法 - Google Patents

一拉得路桥及其制造与施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023060783A1
WO2023060783A1 PCT/CN2022/000108 CN2022000108W WO2023060783A1 WO 2023060783 A1 WO2023060783 A1 WO 2023060783A1 CN 2022000108 W CN2022000108 W CN 2022000108W WO 2023060783 A1 WO2023060783 A1 WO 2023060783A1
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Prior art keywords
bridge
road
construction
bar
box
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PCT/CN2022/000108
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑孝群
郑一鸣
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郑孝群
郑一鸣
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Publication of WO2023060783A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023060783A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D11/00Suspension or cable-stayed bridges
    • E01D11/02Suspension bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D12/00Bridges characterised by a combination of structures not covered as a whole by a single one of groups E01D2/00 - E01D11/00
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • E01D15/12Portable or sectional bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/02Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/12Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bridge structures and the field of manufacture and construction. Background technique
  • the self-weight of large-scale bridge has hundreds of tons, thousands of tons or even tens of thousands of tons, how can such heavy structure be hoisted on the bridge pier, such a large hoisting equipment is rare in the world. This is difficult for construction and installation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of road and bridge technology, which grafts the precision and flexibility of the mechanism in the mechanical discipline into the structure of civil engineering without trace, and the hybridization between disciplines produces a series of advantages.
  • This new structure has the advantages of being convenient for manufacture, assembly, storage and transportation, construction and maintenance, and is a thorough transformation of the existing technology.
  • the present invention is more ingenious, more reasonable, more economical, safer and more practical.
  • the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
  • a kind of road bridge that can become road and bridge once stretching comprises bridge, pier and bridge deck, and described bridge is the bar system unit structure that is connected together by a plurality of chord bars, zero bar and web bar, so The taper holes of the intersecting node boxes of the chord, null and web In the middle, insert the positioning pin, fasten the bridge with the large cone pin with the key to form; when the key and the positioning pin are removed, the road bridge structure can expand and shrink, and once pulled, the road bridge is a secondary mechanism.
  • the large cone pin on the No key when stretched into a bridge shape, insert positioning pins to fasten all large taper pins and tap the insertion key, at this time the node has become a rigid node.
  • the bridge is erected on the pier, and the pier is a reinforced concrete structure or a modified "Yilade Road Bridge” that is vertically used as a column and a pier; the bridge deck is a box structure of equal strength beams or a continuous beam structure.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of road bridge that can design with traditional structural design program, has guaranteed the safety and the reliability of " one pulls road bridge " from the source.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of (especially large-scale) road and bridge technology that is easy to manufacture and assemble.
  • the rods, parts, components etc. in the road bridge of Yila are all completed by machining under the constraint of tooling (mold) and fixture (clamping device), so can realize standardization, serialization, Generalization, the follow-up is artificial intelligence, good, fast, and economical.
  • A. road and bridge structure selects steel to be 16Mnqo rough machining: press drawing, accurate blanking, and through processes such as car iron planing, drilling, welding, be processed into required profile, weldment should be done low-temperature annealing Treatment to eliminate internal stress; other parts and components should also be properly heat treated according to the situation, so that the material can obtain better plasticity, toughness and strength.
  • the main chord should be annealed at low temperature and straightened to correct the internal stress and deformation caused by cutting and welding, so that The axis of each unit chord is straight to ensure that the shape and position tolerance of the overall road and bridge structure is up to standard after processing.
  • Support bar 11 and its junction box wall should be slightly thicker.
  • the middle part is a joint box 52 shared by 4 rods, which is welded by upper and lower panels and 4 side panels facing two directions respectively under the constraints of tooling to ensure accurate orientation.
  • node box 52 (JAL Fig. 8), stretch out 4 support rods of two different directions in the same plane, there is ground 50 inserted in the node box at the other end of stretching out bar, node At the end of the box, there is an outsourcing iron drag 53 welded together with the junction box and the ground iron (all welded parts must be annealed at low temperature), and the extension of the ground iron 50 rests on the flange of the H-shaped steel of the chord, and is fixed with several bolts (see Figure 8, B).
  • the lower floor bridge deck of forming is installed on the flange above the lower chord by equal intervals and fixed with bolts.
  • each lower bridge deck between equidistant small intervals (there is no accumulation of water on the small interval bridge surface, easy to clean and maintain and can guarantee the strength and stiffness of the lower bridge deck from the design), load onto the thick wall and stop
  • the side panels between the two sides of the box wall and the two adjacent bridge decks are fixed with bolts so as not to fall off. Its purpose is to prevent the inertial force of the motor vehicle (sudden) braking on the road bridge from damaging the lower bridge deck.
  • the overall lower bridge deck and the lower chord are integrated when subjected to horizontal force, so as to reduce the horizontal force when driving. force damage.
  • each zero bar of the standard unit body drill standard holes according to the drawing size, (each web bar in the zero bar truss has been made into a standard piece on the small tooling), when one is drawn, the road bridge is stretched and formed When assembling the zero bar truss with a key or a bolt; according to the design drawing, drill holes on the I-shaped beam (square steel pipe) 7, and fix the horizontal bar on the inner side of the two opposite zero bars in each unit, so that it can be connected with the above I-beam assembly horizontal truss 20; According to the design drawing, drill holes at the outer bottom of the two relative zero bars in the unit, and fix an obliquely upward strut to form an outstretched eaves structure with the overhanging eaves structure of the upper deck of the road and bridge structure. Triangular trusses 21.
  • the various standard joint plates that have been die-rolled are fixed on the corresponding joints of a Lade Road Bridge with fixtures, and the construction is carried out according to the drawings, and the joints fixed
  • the plate and the corresponding structural bottom plate are drilled together, so that the joint plate becomes a common part and a standard part on the same joint, and is fixed one by one.
  • the overall manufacturing precision of the road and bridge structure can reach 0.01mm, even higher, the new manufacturing standard will exceed many current traditional standards, new technology, new standards may be able to lead the road and bridge The right to speak in standard setting is also a commercial interest.
  • m. structure is finished in special-purpose machine tool processing, does not adorn gusset plate when going down production line, does not fasten large taper pin, does not adorn key, does not adorn positioning pin, does not assemble zero rod truss, horizontal truss, triangular truss, upper chord Eight tasks such as diagonal support bars between poles, so that they can be folded, stored and transported to the construction site, and the above eight procedures are implemented after the road bridge is stretched and formed, and then follow-up operations, such as: Diagonal support bars between upper chords 11 , horizontal truss 20, triangular truss 21, unit transverse support beam 40, continuous beam deck 6, laying track, bridge deck and safety, lighting, communication facilities and so on. •
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of brand-new (especially large-scale) road and bridge structure technology that is easy to store and transport: "a road bridge” is a reversible conversion of triangle and four sides, and is an organic combination of "structure” and “mechanism”. Combination and easy transformation, as far as the eye can see, there is no structure similar to road bridges in the world.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of brand-new (especially large-scale) road and bridge structure technology that is easy to construct and install:
  • the present invention is quite different from the traditional structural mechanism, and it can be easily stretched into a load-bearing road and bridge structure in an instant from the mechanism in the folded state.
  • This splitting and assembling have three characteristics, the one, make storage and transportation everywhere, construction becomes easy, safe, save; The insertion and fastening or loosening of the pins, and the removal and installation of the keys; the third is that after being assembled into an overall bridge structure, it still meets all the technical requirements of the original design. This is something that traditional bridge construction techniques have never done.
  • the lower bridge deck 5 (Fig. 2, Fig. 8, Fig. 23) of "One Lade Road Bridge” can be fixed on the bridge structure, and can also be fixed on the construction site (not will affect the structural assembly accuracy and the stretching and stretching of the bridge structure), and fixedly install the lower chord diagonal support rod 11, the unit transverse connecting rod 40, and the horizontal rod fixedly connected to the inner side of the two zero rods, the bridge structure in the folded state will be Stretch and form on the bridge erecting machine, put it on the pier at both ends, insert the positioning cone pin 45, fasten all the nodes of the large cone pin and tap the key to form a rigid connection.
  • each zero-bar truss and the continuous I-beam (square steel pipe) above it are assembled into a horizontal truss 20, and each zero-bar truss It forms a triangular truss 21 with the overhanging eaves of the upper bridge deck, and then connects the standard gusset plate 9 (Fig. 2, Fig. 5) with the bridge structure, and connects the lower part of the bridge structure with the pier.
  • Suspension bridge also is that standard locating taper pin is inserted, and the large taper pin of band key is plugged in when closing up, and after fastening, gusset plate is installed, see Fig. 13, Fig. 14, A (A'), B (B'), C (C'), D (D') 12 nodes. There is no welding and keying process.
  • the upper deck of the standard continuous beam or the static multi-span beam is lifted with a cable crane, placed on the horizontal support beam 6 and the horizontal truss 20 on the upper chord of "One Lade Road Bridge", and with It will be connected until the suspension bridge is completed. It may be considered unnecessary to build construction trestles.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of very easy maintenance and the new bridge structure of replacement. See Figure 18.
  • Yi Lade Road Bridge is a unit structure, a large-scale bar system unit structure mainly composed of three kinds of bars (divided into left and right, six types in total), and the traditional bar system damage repair is very difficult .
  • the new technology road and bridge completely abandons the traditional repair method: when the collision damage occurs, check which kinds of rods are damaged and the number of damages, remove the positioning pin and the large taper pin with key on the unit where it is located, replace the damaged rods, and replace them with new ones. Install new standard rods, insert positioning pins and large taper pins with keys and fasten them, which are two brand new road and bridge structures.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of whole stable road bridge structure that can be formed automatically.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a laterally stable road structure, (taking three technical measures) to resist lateral vertical wind load and lateral shaking during train running, as well as the centrifugal force load of the train when it is in a curve.
  • each foldable unit of the "One Lade Road Bridge” structure there are respectively a pair of chord bars up and down, which are arranged in a rectangular shape on the plane, and a pair of intersections are fixed on the diagonal position Strut 11, there are 2Q pairs of cross struts up and down with Q units in the bridge structure.
  • the structure of "Yi Lade Road Bridge” is stretched and formed to fasten the joints. After the joint plates are fixed, the upper and lower decks of the road bridge are respectively fixed with the upper and lower chords (or transverse support beams), and then the cross support rods are connected. 11 joints, increasing the plane lateral stability of Yilade Road Bridge. (See Figure 8).
  • each pair of " zero bar truss " lower outside is respectively equipped with an upward strut 21, and the eaves structure 10 that widens the upper deck of the road and bridge is fixedly connected with nodes, becomes the triangular truss structure of outstretching, with Supporting the load of the widened part of the upper bridge deck greatly increases the spatial lateral stability of the bridge structure (see Figure 2, Figure 7, and Figure 28).
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of node box that adapts to a Lade road bridge structure. See Figure 24.
  • Node box is a standard part made under tooling constraints, and the wall thickness of box will be greater than the wall thickness of structural web bar, zero bar and cross bracing.
  • the node box of web bar is made up of three parts, namely web bar two ends node box and middle part node box three parts connect together with web bar; Zero bar just has node box at two ends.
  • the knot box in the middle of the web as an example to illustrate its manufacturing method and characteristics (see Figure 24, the upper picture) o
  • C. respectively have three inner steel plates 42,43,44 with box wall equal thickness and regular size on the inner wall both sides of box, open rectangular hole on inner steel plate plane geometric center, the size of hole and web bar (zero Rod) closely fit the external dimensions, and then insert the web rod (zero rod) into the hole. ) axis is kept perpendicular to the plane of the inner steel plate, and the inner steel plate 42 is set on the web bar (zero bar) in advance for use. Drill hole E in the center of the junction box, and before inserting (welding) the thick-walled casing 14 in the E hole, use the gap in the E hole on the junction box to insert the inner steel plate 44 inserted from both ends of the junction box with the junction box.
  • Inner steel plate 42 on web (zero bar) with junction box and web (zero) The rod is welded firmly. Note that the size of the three inner steel plates and the web bar (zero bar) should be closely matched, and the welding process with the bar and the inner wall of the junction box should adopt intermittent welding to ensure welding accuracy. (See Figure 24).
  • E. the standard knot plate that die roll forming is clamped on the corresponding node with jig, according to the design drawing, process a plurality of nail holes 48 on it for future butt joint joint plate; Process a plurality of holes 49 that can fill the foamed plastics in the web bar (zero bar) and inwardly blow and filter the waste mineral oil mist.
  • the sealing cap tightly covers the small hole.
  • the cavity of the web rod (zero rod) is filled with oil mist, which can prevent the oxidation of black metal from the inside, and the foam plastic can absorb driving vibration and attenuate noise, killing two birds with one stone.
  • This junction box can make road and bridge improve the tensile and compressive strength of web bar (zero bar) and the rigidity of junction box under working condition.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of mountainous road and bridge system that is easy to develop, and it is safe, environmentally friendly, convenient and economical. See Figure 15 and Figure 29.
  • Adopt the present invention must be less mountain opening, less land occupation, less demolition, less ruined green, less curves, more straight lines, adopt the "one pull road bridge" technology, between mountains and mountains, between mountains and rivers, villages Between the villages, select an appropriate level and pull it into a bridge, once and for all, and the natural moat becomes a thoroughfare.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and convenient intercity railway system (see Figure 30).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of load-bearing-lad road bridge. See Figure 26.
  • the assembly of the heavy-duty-lade road bridge is to use three plane-lade structures (see Fig. 1, d) as a group of continuous row stretching, (wherein the diagonal support between the lower bridge deck 5 and the lower chord 11.
  • Unit transverse connecting rod 40 (which is the construction load) and a horizontal rod which is fixedly connected to the zero rod at an appropriate position on the inner side, as shown in Figure 7, has been fixed on it), and then stretched together to form a space-lade road bridge
  • the structure is placed on the pier to form two passages I and H; as above, the same row structure is stretched as the second group and placed on the pier to form two passages IV and V.
  • the interval between the two groups is Article IH passage. Insert all positioning pins 45 to fasten the belts in the two groups of structures Tap the large taper pin 15 of the key to enter the key (see Fig. 6 and Fig. 26) lightly, and then follow-up construction can be carried out.
  • the passageway III of the lower floor of the road-bridge structure is pedestrian and motor vehicle lanes, and each of the other four passageways takes a moving vehicle; the upper floor is full of moving vehicles or a highway with two-way 6-8 lanes.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of municipal sightseeing flyover conveniently constructed. (See Figure 20)
  • the overpass foundation construction is part of sidewalk or road central isolation strip, which does not affect traffic flow substantially.
  • the bridge pier is a modification of the road bridge structure. It has been manufactured in the factory and transported to the site in due course. It is pulled into the pier with the help of a crane, the positioning pin is inserted to fasten the large taper pin with key, the key is lightly pressed, and the joint plate and After the reinforcement measures, it is fixed on the hardened bridge foundation, and then the stairs that have been made into standard parts are installed. The above construction will not affect the traffic.
  • cross-street bridge structure and bridge deck have all been made in factory, arrive at the scene in good time, one draws into upper and lower two-layer bridge structure, erects on bridge pier, inserts a plurality of positioning pins, fastens several The large taper pin with key and lightly tap the key to form a rigid structure, fixed standard joint plate, paved standard upper and lower bridge decks and side safety guardrails, repaired paint, installed lighting facilities, and then it can pass.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of " Yi Lade road bridge" that compares with traditional road bridge technology that has high cost performance.
  • the cost performance will be improved by about 2.6 times and 2.5 times compared with their current technology, which will bring huge economic benefits.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a road bridge that can be widely used.
  • the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
  • One Lade Road Bridge is characterized in that: the bridge pier is two kinds of reinforced concrete structures (seeing Fig. 2, Fig. 22), or "one Lade Road Bridge” structural modification one pulls into a column, as a bridge pier For vertical use, the bottom of the pier is fixed on the cap 31 (see Figure 16).
  • bridge is " one pulls road bridge " structure, and the upper chord of bridge, lower chord are large-scale H-shaped steel, and web bar, zero bar are square steel pipes ( Or channel steel), the joint box at the joint of the chord, web and zero pole is positioned with a positioning pin 45, fastened with a large taper pin 15 with a key and tapped into the key, and the standard joint plate is fixed, and it can be Realize the overall high-rigidity connection of "Yilade Road Bridge”. See Figure 6.
  • one Lade road bridge is: the chord bar on the bridge, web bar, zero bar are all processed into standard parts by machining, the H-type chord bar two ends of each unit and adjacent unit H Type chord overlap, one end is on its cross section, bounded by the vertical center line, one side is removed, the opposite side welding plate is compensated and strengthened, the end of the adjacent unit chord is removed on the other side and the opposite side is welded plate is compensated and strengthened,
  • the length of elimination is equal to: J chord height
  • the length of the reinforcing plate is equal to: J times the height of the chord
  • the zero pole is also correspondingly eliminated and strengthened
  • the canopy is restrained with tooling and fixtures (Say)
  • the positioning taper hole and the large taper hole with keyway are stretched and formed in "Yi La De Road Bridge", and the ends of the two-phase overlapping chords are fitted on both sides of the vertical center line on the cross-section of the overlap.
  • the taper hole on the chord coincides with the center line of the taper hole on the intersecting web bar and the zero-rod junction box, insert the positioning taper pin, and insert the large taper pin with the key to form a rigid connection, see Figure 5, Fig. 6.
  • the lower floor bridge deck is formed by several equal-strength box-shaped structures and lower chords, and when “ one pulls the road bridge " stretches and forms, the lower deck deck has been formed.
  • each box-shaped structure is welded with several reinforcing plates 22.23 vertically and horizontally arranged to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity of the bridge deck, and at the same time combined with the diagonal support rods 11 between the lower chords to increase the overall plane of the road and bridge Lateral stiffness, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 8.
  • the horizontal truss 20 and the triangular truss 21 combined with the zero-bar truss jointly increase the lateral rigidity of the road and bridge structure space.
  • the standard joint plates can be fixed, and the subsequent construction can be carried out on the lower deck, such as laying the upper deck transverse support beam and the upper continuous beam deck 6, and fixing the diagonal between the upper chords Support rods, steel rails are laid on the bridge deck for motor vehicles, cement and asphalt are laid for motor vehicles and sidewalks, and there are lighting, communication and safety protection facilities on the bridge deck.
  • Yi Lade Road Bridge can form 1 ⁇ M rows of passages in the length direction at one time, and 2 ⁇ M layers of bridge decks can be pulled out in the vertical direction (M is a natural number). This is one of the most prominent advantages that the present invention is superior to the traditional road and bridge technology: if M rows of passages or M layers of bridge decks are drawn out, in the future, M bridges can be built less near this place, which solves the problem of traffic in advance. Congestion, focusing on sustainable development, and avoiding land acquisition and bridge construction and repeated investment in bridge construction funds in the future.
  • Fig. 2 one Lade road bridge " structural representation (front view, bottom view, sectional view)
  • Fig. 5 multi-bar is fixedly installed sketch map with joint plate at node place 1, chord, 2, the large taper pin hole with keyway, 3, web bar, 4, zero bar, 9, knot plate, 13, zero bar knot box, 14, thick-walled taper casing, 45 , Tapered positioning pin.
  • axial reinforcing plate 22, axial reinforcing plate, 23, transverse reinforcing plate, 1, chord, 5, lower bridge deck of equal strength box girder, H, chord diagonal support bar, 50, grounding, 51, stop Moving iron box, 52, junction box, 53, iron drag at the end of junction box.
  • Fig. 9 On the cross-section of the lap joint of two adjacent unit chord ends, one side is removed with its vertical center line as the boundary, and the reinforcement plate is repaired on the other side, and the end of the other unit is treated in reverse , fit on both sides of the vertical center line; the zero bar is also removed and compensated accordingly, and fixed here, and there are 3 (or 5) taper holes at each unit node to be fixed with a large taper pin with a key .
  • Fig. 10 builds " Yi Lade road bridge” sketch map with bridge erecting machine
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of road and bridge in mountainous area -- " one pulls road bridge " structural form can be done bridge and also can make bridge pier after being modified, can reduce repairing winding mountain road in a large amount.
  • Fig. 16 Yi Lade road bridge " planar structure (see Fig. 1) two, three, four, five, six, can become three sides ... six sides column structure with chord plugging, assemble into three-dimensional Pier structure.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of easy replacement and easy maintenance
  • Fig. 19 The Hyperloop super high-speed iron sealed pipeline is fixedly embedded in "Yilade Road Bridge", which is stronger and safer, and it is connected with the expressway, and the passage is unimpeded.
  • Fig. 20 one Lade road bridge " is used for city sightseeing overpass.
  • Fig. 21 is a contemporary overpass in Tokyo, Japan. .
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of the transverse support beam of the upper deck and the unit transverse link between the two upper chords.
  • continuous I-shaped steel girder (square steel pipe) forms horizontal truss, 6, upper floor bridge deck lateral support beam, lays continuous beam bridge deck on, 40, unit transverse connecting rod between two upper chords (is temporarily installed construction load), 41, column pin.
  • Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the two ends of the web bar and the node box in the middle of the web bar (top figure)
  • Fig. 25 is the transverse sectional view of the connection of chords, webs, and zero bars in "One Lade Road Bridge”.
  • Fig. 26 is a structural schematic diagram of the overloaded "One Lade Road Bridge”.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of 16 rails and 8 trains on the upper and lower bridge decks, 2 motor vehicle lanes, and 1 sidewalk.
  • Figure 28 shows 8 rails and 4 trains on the lower bridge deck, 1 pedestrian and motor vehicle lane, and 1 6-lane expressway on the upper bridge deck, totally 4 passages.
  • Fig. 29 is a structural schematic diagram of a road bridge in a mountainous area.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of energy-saving, environment-friendly and convenient intercity railway system.
  • Figure 31 Before the special machine tool processing, use the instrument to measure the rectangular diagonal of the side of the standard unit body should be equivalent. schematic diagram. Among the figure, 1, chord, 2, large tapered pin hole with keyway, 3, web bar, 4, zero bar, 5, lower bridge deck of equal strength box structure, 6, upper bridge deck transverse support beam, Continuous girder upper deck is installed on it, 7. Continuous I-beam (square steel pipe), 8. Zero-bar truss, 9. Standard joint plate, 10. The upper bridge deck is widened and extended eaves, 11. The alignment between chords Corner line support, 12. Eight rails (four-wheel train), 13. Zero rod junction box, 14.
  • Thick-wall taper sleeve 15. Large taper pin with key, 16. Fastening washer, 17. Fastening nut, 18 , Reinforcing plates for chord repair welding, 19. Reinforcing plates for zero-bar repair welding, 20. Horizontal trusses, 21. Support rods and triangular trusses, 22. Axial reinforcing plates (equal strength), 23. Transverse reinforcing plates, 24 .
  • Embedded parts in reinforced concrete are fixedly connected with support rod 21, 40.
  • Column pin, 42. Structure Steel plate in the point box, 43.
  • a kind of " Yi Lade Road Bridge” can be stretched and formed in an instant, and it includes pier 38 (Fig. 2) and bridge, pier support bridge, and bridge is made of chord 1, web bar 3, zero bar 4 tapered positioning pins 45 It is fixedly connected with the large taper pin 15 with key to form a rigid structure, and then the standard joint plate is fixed, and the upper and lower bridge decks are respectively fixedly connected with the upper and lower chords (Fig. 2).
  • the chord 1 and the zero rod 4 can be welded at right angles to form a Rigid structure or split into one body (see Figure 1. a)
  • chord 1 of "One Lade Road Bridge” is H-shaped steel (or others), when the span of the bridge is 2 ga, two rows of “One Lade Road Bridge” are pulled out to form three channels, and the size is 320x305x 16.9x29. 0x27mm, web bar 3 is square steel pipe (or channel steel) 220x140x10mm, zero bar 4 is square steel pipe (or channel steel) 140x140x8mm, chord 1, web bar 3 and zero bar 4 are regular standard parts, each bar Holes are drilled at the intersections, and thick-walled tapered sleeves 14 with key grooves are embedded in the holes, which are rigidly connected by large tapered pin shafts 15 with keys (Fig. 6).
  • the H-shaped steel (or other) chord ends of two adjacent units of "One Lade Road Bridge" are at the lap joint, bounded by the vertical center line of its cross section, one side is removed, and the reverse side welding plate is compensated and strengthened,
  • the length to be removed is equal to the height of the black rod, and the length of the compensation welding plate is: times the height of the chord; the end of the chord of the adjacent unit is removed on the other side and compensated and strengthened on the opposite side, and the end of the chord at the end of the two-phase overlap Fitted on both sides of the vertical centerline.
  • the zero bar here is also correspondingly eliminated and compensated and strengthened.
  • the positioning taper pin is made on the thick-walled casing 14 and the reinforced web canopy (baht).
  • the chords of the two adjacent units are fitted and overlapped to form an H-shaped chord, where the intersecting webs Coincide with the center line of the taper hole on the zero-bar joint box, insert the positioning taper pin, and then insert 3 (or 5) large taper pins with keys, and fasten into a rigid connection ( Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 9) , After installing the standard gusset plate.
  • the lower deck 5 (Fig. 8) is formed by connecting several equal-strength box-shaped structures with chords 1.
  • a plurality of reinforcing plates 22, 23 arranged vertically and vertically are welded to enhance the strength and rigidity.
  • each unit has two chords (rectangular) arranged in parallel on the horizontal water surface, and the cross support bar 11 is fixed on its diagonal (Fig. 2, Fig. 8) to increase the planar transverse stiffness of the bridge structure; the horizontal truss 20 and triangular truss 21 (Fig. 7), which are combined with the zero-bar truss, jointly increase the spatial transverse stiffness of the road and bridge structure.
  • each split unit After arriving at the construction site, it can be installed as a whole with the help of a bridge erecting machine, or a crane or a suspension crane can be used as a (structure stable) conjoined double (or N) unit to install separately for a construction unit.
  • the connection between each split unit is only After inserting and fastening 4 locating pins and 12 standard large taper pins with keys on the joints, fix the standard joint plate 9, and then connect the upper and lower chords of "Yi La De Road Bridge" with diagonal lines
  • the struts 11 are fixedly connected, and the standard upper deck 6 (Fig. 2, Fig.
  • an upward strut 21 is installed under the outer side of the "zero bar truss", which is connected with the widened eaves structure 10 of the upper bridge deck with nodes to form an outstretched triangular truss structure (Fig. 2. Figure 7)
  • a kind of "Yi Lade Road Bridge” is instantly stretched and formed, and it is used for the construction of mountain roads and bridges in the mountains and mountains, which can greatly reduce the construction of winding roads, save a huge amount of road construction fees safely, and take more flat roads, Straight road, less climbing, less digging, less tunneling, environmental protection, energy saving, and conducive to the development of mountainous areas (Figure 15).
  • Pier 29 (Fig. 15) is a structural modification of "Yilade Road Bridge", which is used as a vertical column. When it is used as a pier, its chords and webs , zero rod, (the space support rod 32 and the horizontal support rod 33 will also be added (Fig.
  • One Lade Road Bridge was used as a mountain road bridge when the span was 29m, the H-shaped steel (or other) size of the chord bar was 200x200x9.0x15.0mm (depending on the bridge span), and the web bar was a square steel pipe (or channel steel) 180x100x8. 0mm, the zero bar is a square steel pipe (or channel steel) 100x100x6.
  • the large taper pin 15 of the key is fixedly connected into a rigid structure, and the standard gusset plate is fixedly installed in the rear.
  • Each unit of "Yi Lade Road Bridge” has two chords arranged in parallel up and down, and the cross support rod 11 (Fig. 2) is fixed on the diagonal of its horizontal plane, so as to increase the plane of the road bridge Lateral stiffness (see Figure 2, Figure 8).
  • the horizontal truss 20 (Fig. 2, Fig. 7) is fixed on the relative "zero-bar truss" in each unit of "Yi Lade Road Bridge", and an upward truss is fixed under each relative "zero-bar truss" outside
  • the support rods are fixed with 10 joints with the widened and overhanging eaves structure of the upper bridge deck. connected to form an outstretched triangular truss structure 21 (Fig. 2, Fig. 7), which together increase the space lateral stiffness of the road bridge structure.
  • the lower deck 5 of the road bridge is fixed on the lower chord, and the upper deck is fixed on the upper chord transverse support beam 6.
  • One Lade Road Bridge mountain road bridge is a group of one Lade road bridge structure, two layers of bridge decks up and down, each two-way 2 lanes, do anti-corrosion engineering, pave cement or asphalt on the road surface for motor vehicles, non-machine Install lighting, communication and safety protection facilities on bullet trains and sidewalks, road bridges.
  • the bridge pier can be modified "Yi Lade Road Bridge” structure, used vertically as a column, can be spliced into a polyhedral space structure 30 (Fig. 16) as required, and fixed on the cap 31 with anchor bolts.
  • the road and bridge parts and components are smaller in size (in this case, the longest pipe fitting is less than 5.6m), so after the road and bridge are all made into standard parts, before being assembled into a whole road and bridge, the whole or local chemical phosphating treatment can be carried out (black or blue), to prevent oxidation and corrosion of materials, especially the phosphating treatment of taper pins and taper sleeves, etc. locally, which can delay the oxidation of parts inside the structure and make the connection stronger and more reliable.
  • the method is simple and the effect is surprisingly good.
  • the upper and lower decks are paved with cement or asphalt as motor vehicles, bicycles and sidewalks, and lighting, communication and safety protection facilities are installed.

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Abstract

一拉得路桥及其制造与施工方法,属于路桥领域。该一拉得路桥一经展拉就成路成桥,其包括桥梁、桥墩和桥面,桥梁是由多个弦杆(1)、腹杆(3)及零杆(4)在结点处用锥形定位销(45)定位,用带键大锥销(15)紧固,用结点板(9)固连而成的单元结构,该桥梁架在桥墩上,桥面是等强度箱式梁或连续梁。本发明展开成桥可承载,压缩后利于储运;在工装约束下采用机加工制造,实现标准化大生产;用新工艺施工,安全可靠;路桥装配应力极小,刚度大、挠度小、施工过程中结构自动稳定、施工期短、使用寿命长、损伤修复极简、节能环保、性价比高,适于多类路桥建设。

Description

一 拉得路桥 及其制 造与施工 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及 桥结构及制造和施工领域。 背景技术
[0002] 世界上杆系结构桥的应用已多年,工程实践证明了它具有跨度大、重量轻、受力合 理及安全优 势,但其制造太困难;装配成形,内应力太大;大尺寸 '桥常常无法运输 ;体量太 大,施工困难;杆系结构的损坏后维修更是难 上难,这些是世界上百多年来始终未解的难 题。优点多多的杆系结构,用起来却存在如此多的难点,这就大大制约了大型、特大型钢结 构的广泛应用。
[0003] 目前,国内外大型路桥,多是用焊接方式将单根杆件焊成结构,但缺点很突出,在 焊缝附近,热应力的释放造成结构产生难以控制的不规则变形,无法保证路桥制造精度,给 日后的使用带来的隐 患很大,是困扰工程界多年的不解课题。因此,对制造精度要求高的桥 梁,就摒弃整体焊接而改用钥接工艺,如中国武汉长江一桥。但几十万颗钥钉,人工钥接,工 程量繁浩、工期长、费用高。可见用焊、钏工艺都是造桥难,且焊接造成路桥整体结构的装配 应力很大,科技界至今无人提出有效的解决办法,这就是装配难。
[0004] 现代桥体量越来越大,但“大块头 ”的路桥如何能简便储运,成了困扰世界的世纪 性第二大难题,限制了大型路桥的应用。多年来一直没有很好的解决办法,这是储运难。
[0005] 有人提出折中的方案,即在施工现场建厂房、购置设备现场制造,但拘于当地的制 造链是否完善 ,可能影响结构的制造质量,并且当工程完工后,厂房不得不它用,设备也不 易搬迁,造成原工程造价大大提高和后期滞留的二次浪费。
[0006] 此夕卜,大型桥的自重有的几百吨、几千吨甚至上万吨,怎么才能把这么重的结构吊 起架上桥墩,世界上罕见这么大的起重设备。这是施工安装难。
[0007] 而且,现代工程中的大型桥梁结构体量大、重量大,在制造、装配、储运、施工安装 过程中难免发生 碰撞而损坏。杆系结构的损坏很难维修,若损坏严重则报废,重新制造、更 换,损失很大,这是维修难。
[0008] 因此,为消解上述难题及由此而派生出来的一系列缺点,亟需对传统杆系结构路 桥进行彻底改造,以去劣存优。 发明内容
[0009] 本发明的目的在于提出一种一拉得路桥技术,它把机械学科中机构的精准和灵活 无痕地嫁接到 土木工程的结构中,学科间的杂交生出一系列优势。这种新结构具有便于制 造、装配、储运、施工、维修的优点,是对现行技术进行彻底改造。本发明来得更巧妙、更合 理、更节约、更安全、更实用。
[0010] 为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案。
[0011] 一种一经展拉就可成路成桥的路桥,包括桥梁、桥墩和桥面,所述桥梁为由多个弦 杆、零杆和腹杆连在一起的杆系单元结 构,所述弦杆、零杆和腹杆在相交的结点盒的锥孔 中,插入定位销,紧固带键大锥销桥梁即成形;当拨掉键及定位销,路桥结构能展能缩,一拉 得路桥为二级机构 ,此时,所述大锥销上无键,当展拉成桥梁状时,插入定位销紧固所有大 锥销并轻击插入键 ,此时结点已成刚结点。所述桥梁架在桥墩上,桥墩为钢筋混凝土结构或 改性《一拉得路桥》竖直使用成柱、成墩;所述桥面为等强度梁箱形结构或连续梁结构。
[0012] ①本发明的目的是提供一种可以用传统结构设计程序进行设计的路桥,从源头上 保障了《一拉得路桥》的安全性和可靠性。
[0013] 《一拉得路桥》的发明机理、内涵与传统结构很不相同,但其展拉成桥结构时,与传 统桥的结构形式完 相同,因此整体受力分析也基本一致。 ,
[0014] 《一拉得路桥》的结构设计遵循相关的技术规范,除结构中大锥销个别零件外,包 括桥结构的外形尺寸 、各零件、部件、杆件的规格、形状等等与现行标准相同,所以《一拉得 路桥》能满足工程对路桥结构的一切使用要 求,如强度.、刚度、挠度、稳定性、抗风载、抗地 震、舒适性等,从源头上保证了路桥的安全性、可靠性,这样,既继承了前人的智慧与成果, 又节约了大量编程的时间、精力和金钱。
[0015] ②本发明的目的是提供一种易制造、易装配的(特别是大型)路桥技术。
[0016] 一拉得路桥中的杆件、零件、部件等都是由机加工在工装(模具)和卡具(卡紧装 置) 的约束下流水作业完成的,所以能实现标准化、系列化、通用化,后续就是人工智能化, 好、快、省。
[0017] a .路桥结构选用钢材是 16Mnqo粗加工:按图纸,准确下料,并经车铁刨磨、钻孔、施 焊等工艺,加工成所需的外形,施焊件应做低温退火处理,以消除内应力;其余零件、部件视 情况也要做适当的热处理,以使材料获得较好的塑性、韧性和强度。
[0018] b .按照图纸,根据零件的形状、尺寸设计制造出各种小工装,用小工装将上述粗加 工件制成标准件 ,这些独立的小工装在大型专用机床上可以精准地拼装成能加工一拉得路 桥结构的标准单元体 ,甚至可精准地拼装成能加工三个或更多标准单元体的工装,以进一 步提高加工精度和生产效率。
[0019] c .一拉得路桥每个结构单元中共有 4根 H型钢主弦杆 ,腹杆、零杆都与之相交汇,是 结构的关键件。在结构制造中,主弦杆下料后,其一端以横截面垂直中心线为界,一侧剔除, 剔除的长度为 m玄杆高,反侧则焊板加强,,补强焊板的长度为 :倍弦杆高;其另一端与上述 反向剔除和补强,剔除补强后,对主弦杆要做低温退火处理后并调直,以纠正切割和焊接产 生的内应力和变形,使每单元弦杆的轴线平直,保证整体路桥结构加工后形位公差达标。
[0020] d .制造下层桥面用专用小工装,路桥下桥面按结构外形与尺寸裁剪下料,在模具 上轧制成等强度箱形结构 ,后施焊箱体侧面,使之成为标准的凹型箱体,然后在工装约束下 按图纸在底板 垂直施焊轴向加强板 22和横向加强板 23。最后,把箱体上平面板分成三(或 几)块轴向板条(开坡口),与轴(横)向加强板焊牢,成等强度梁箱式结构的标准件(见图 8) , 并做低温退火。
[0021] e .上、下弦杆之间的对角线支撑杆 11的制造和标准件的整体组装都应在专用小工 装的约束下进 行的,以确保其外形包络线尺寸与对应的两平行弦杆(H型钢)的 4个下缘吻 合。
[0022] 支撑杆 11及它的结点盒壁应稍厚。中部是一个 4杆共用的结点盒 52 ,它是由上、下 两块面板和分别朝两个方向的 4块侧板在工装的约束下焊成的,以保证朝向精准,每个朝向 的盒内壁都有 3块内钢板,其构造和制造方法参考腹杆中部结点盒。
[0023] 在结点盒 52±(JAL图 8) ,在同一平面内伸出二个不同方向的 4根支撑杆,在伸出杆 的另一端有搭铁 50插入结点盒内,结点盒端有外包铁拖 53与结点盒、搭铁一起焊牢(所有施 焊件要低温退火),搭铁 50伸出头搭在弦杆 H型钢的翼缘上,并用数个螺栓固定(见图 8 , B)。
[0024] 在工装的约束下,成形的下层桥面按等间隔安装在下弦杆上面的翼缘上用螺栓固 定。
[0025] 在工装的约束下,按图施工,下桥面两端按选定的螺栓公称尺寸以确定孔径钻孔, 下弦杆的上翼缘位置按上述选 定的螺栓的内径钻孔、攻丝,在工装约束下,下桥面上的钻孔 与翼缘上的螺孔共中心线,用螺栓 54拧紧固定(见图 8)。
[0026] 在各个下桥面,等距的小间隔之间(有小间隔桥面上不积水,易清洁保养且从设计 上可以保障下桥 面的强度、刚度),装上厚壁止动铁盒,盒壁两侧面与两相邻桥面之间的侧 板用螺栓固定 ,不使其脱落。其目的是防止路桥上动车(突然)刹车时的惯力对下桥面损害, 装上止动盒后 ,使整体下桥面与下弦杆在受水平力时成为一体,以消减行车时的水平力损 害。
[0027] f .在专用机床上(如大型程控坐标镇床或其它)将一拉得路桥各种已制成标准件 的弦杆、 腹杆、零杆,用工装和卡具拼装成一个或多个标准单元体,也把已成形的下层桥面 5、上、 下弦杆间对角线支撑杆 11、单元横向连杆 40和在单元中零杆的适当位置上固装的一 根水平 杆(见图 7)等也组装在标准单元体中,后用仪器测量标准单元体长度方向侧面的矩 形两条 对角线长度应该等值,其误差必须达到设计要求,以保证制成的路桥结构整体平 直、达标, (见图 31)所示。
[0028] g .上述测量合格后,在标准单元体的弦杆、腹杆、零杆相交处的结点盒上(即在盒 内焊有加厚 内钢板 47处),按图纸先钻一透孔,(见图 6),再将其锐(绞)成标准、光洁的定位 锥销孔 46 ,轻击插入高强度钢(60Cr)制成的锥度定位销 45 ,此时在专用机床上,工装、卡具、 数个定位销三者共同约束下 ,以确保结构后续加工的形位公差满足技术要求。
[0029] h .接下来,在专用机床的标准单元结构体上篷(铁)出带键槽的大锥孔 2 ,装配高强 度钢 (60C)制成的大锥销 15和键,并紧固大锥销和插入键。
[0030] i .在标准单元体的各个零杆上,按图纸尺寸钻标准孔,(零杆桁架中的各个腹杆已 在小工装上 制成标准件),当一拉得路桥展拉成形时或钥或栓组装零杆桁架;按设计图纸, 在工字梁 (方形钢管) 7上钻孔,在每个单元中两相对的零杆内侧确定位置上固装水平杆,就 可以与上方工字梁组装 水平桁架 20;按设计图纸,在单元中两相对零杆的外侧底部钻孔,固 装一斜向上撑杆 ,就可以与路桥结构上层桥面的外伸檐结构组成外展的三角形桁架 21。
[0031] j .继之,在专用机床上将已模轧成形的各种标准结点板,用卡具固定在一拉得路 桥相应的结点处 ,照图施工,将卡定的结点板和相应的结构底板共同钻孔,使结点板在同类 结点上成为通用件 、标准件,逐一固连。
[0032] k .执行上述工艺,一拉得路桥结构的整体制造精度能达到 0 . 01mm ,甚至更高,新的 制造标准将超 过目前很多传统标准,新的工艺、新的标准或许能统领路桥标准制定的话语 权,也是商业利益。
[0033] 1 .由于一拉得路桥结构合理、制造精准,用机加工的方法制造结构(开创了路桥结 构制造的先河),所以各杆件、零部件(包括结点板)组装成结构时十分顺畅,装配应力小到 几乎可以忽略不计 ,是目前用钥、焊工艺施工的桥梁很难做到的,故一拉得路桥投入使用后 的安全隐患很小 ,是一个很大的优势。至今,世界上仍有很多科技人员千方百计地设法减小 传统结构的 “装配应力 ”,但收效甚小。本发明认为他们没从源头解决问题,多是就事论事, 所以事倍功微,这就是传统技术的制造难、装配难。
[0034] m .结构在专用机床加工完成,下生产线时不装结点板,不紧固大锥销,不装键 ,不 装定位销,不组装零杆桁架、水平桁架、三角形桁架、上弦杆间的对角线支撑杆等八项工作, 以便可以折叠储运至施 工现场,路桥展拉成形后再实施上述八项程序,再做后续作业,如: 上弦杆间对角线支撑杆 11、水平桁架 20、三角形桁架 21、单元横向支承梁 40、连续梁桥面 6、 铺设轨道、桥面及安全、照明、通讯设施等等。 •
[0035] ③本发明的目的是提供一种易储运的全新(特别是大型)路桥结构技术:《一拉得 路桥》是三角形和四边的可逆转换,是 “结构 ”和 “机构 ”的有机结合和轻松转化,目之所及, 世界上还没有出现过有类似路桥 的结构。
[0036] 当《一拉得路桥》在运输(储存)状态时 ,结构轻松被压缩、折叠成小尺寸,方便运输 或储存。新路桥结构的作业长度和被压缩折叠后的长度之变幅 比,可根据实际工程需要设 计。见示意图 17。
[0037] 更长、更大、更重路桥结构的运输,可按单元分拆运输,甚至可分拆成单根杆件,实 现全程无障碍运输。结构拆成单元,只需拆掉 12个结点插件(拆插标准大锥销),单元拆成单 根杆件,只需拆掉 14个结点插件,可见《一拉得路桥》的灵活、精准。这就是易运输。
[0038] ④本发明的目的是提供一种易施工安装的全新(特别是大型)路桥结构技术:
[0039] 本发明与传统的结构机理迥然不同,它可以从折叠状态下的机构,瞬间轻松拉展 成能承载的路桥结构。
[0040] 《一拉得路桥》拆分成单元或单根杆件运到施工现场后,借助起重设备可轻易地将 拆分的杆件组装成单元 ,将拆分的单元组装成分体或整体桥结构,只是把定位锥销插上,把 拆下来的带键大锥销插上紧 固就好,然后将标准结点板(见图 2、图 5)与桥结构固连,则大刚 度的《一拉得路桥》骨架结构施工完成。
[0041] 这种拆分和拼装有三个特点,一是使得储运无处不达、施工变得容易、安全、节约; 二是拆分十分简单 ,只是拆、插定位锥销和结构大锥销的插接和紧固或松掉,及键的取下和 安装;三是再拼装成整体桥结构后 ,依然满足原设计的所有技术要求。这是传统桥梁施工技 术从来没做到的事情 。
[0042] 为叙述清晰,下面将用架桥机施工、吊车施工、缆索起重机施工大跨度悬索桥,和 它们的优点分别简要说明 。
[0043] A .用架桥机施工。见图 10。
[0044] a .桥梁在工厂制造时,可以将《一拉得路桥》的下层桥面 5(图 2、图 8、图 23)固装在 桥结构上 ,也可以在施工现场固装(不会影响结构装配精度和桥结构的伸缩和拉展),又固 装下弦杆对角线支撑杆 11 ,单元横向连杆 40 ,两零杆内侧固连的水平杆,将折叠态的桥结构 在架桥机上拉展成型 ,放在两端桥墩上,插上定位锥销 45 ,紧固所有大锥销结点并轻击入键 形成了刚性连接 。此时,将结构每个单元中两两相对的零杆组装成零杆桁架 8 ,每个零杆桁 架又与其上方的连续工字 梁(方形钢管)组装成水平桁架 20 ,每个零杆桁架又与上桥面外伸 檐组成三角形桁架 21 ,再将标准节点板 9(图 2、图 5)与桥结构固连,桥结构下方与桥墩固连,
Figure imgf000007_0001
[0062] 悬索桥在合拢时也是标准定位锥销插入、带键大锥销插接、紧固后装结点板,见图 13、图 14 ,A(A')、B(B')、C(C')、D(D') 12个结点。没有焊、钥工艺。
[0063] 合拢后,用缆索起重机将标准连续梁或静定多跨梁的上层桥面吊起,放在《一拉得 路桥》上弦杆上的横向支承梁 6和水平桁架 20上,并与之固连,直到悬索桥建成。可以考虑不 必建施工栈桥。
[0064] D .用架桥机、吊车、缆索起重机建造《一拉得路桥》有 6个基本优点是传统路桥施工 技术很难做到的 :
[0065] a .《一拉得路桥》用架桥机施工时,整体在拉展成结构的瞬间,下层桥面就已成型 , 插定位锥销定位 ,紧固所有带键大锥销结点,组装零杆桁架、水平桁架、三角形桁架、上、下 弦杆间的支撑杆 11、固连标准结点板 9后铺装上层桥面,此时路桥已成为连续大刚度结构, 在上、下桥面上可进行后续施工作业。
[0066] b .用吊车或缆索起重机施工时起吊结构稳定的连体双(N)单元结构,体量小、重量 轻、易操控、快速安装、省力、安全、节约施工费。
[0067] c .《一拉得路桥》施工时,单元间的连接仅是 4个定位销和 12个带键大锥销结点的 插接紧固,它强度高、连接牢、安装迅速、施工方便,再用标准节点板的固装,技术含量低,易 操作,几乎人人能干。
[0068] d .传统桥梁施工,两段钢桥的连接靠焊接或钏接 ,焊接工艺复杂,技术要求高,焊 后桥梁一定产生变形而埋 下不安全隐患;钏接繁琐,工期长、费用高。新技术无此缺点。
[0069] e .焊、钥]工艺的固有缺点,使得传统路桥结构的装配应力过大,这是传统钢结构一 大固疾 ,至今没人能提出彻底解决方法。《一拉得路桥》成型机理巧妙、结构零部件制造精 准,故路桥的装配应力极小,可以忽略不计,本发明从源头解决了问题,所以《一拉得路桥》 投入使用后安全隐患极低 ,这是很大的优点。
[0070] f .《一拉得路桥》展拉成形时,下层工作桥面已自动形成 ,路桥结构很多零部件已 在地面上安装 完成 ,插上定位锥销 ,紧固所有带键大锥销形成刚结点,桥梁在 X、Y、Z轴线上 成稳定结构 ,就能在上面做各种后续施工,因此可以考虑不必建施工栈桥,省钱、省时、省 力。不修栈桥,是对传统施工工艺、施工组织的一大变革,带来效益。
[0071] 本发明原理的巧妙,制造工艺的精准,独树一帜的施工方法,使得更大、更重的路 桥安装施工都变得轻而 易举。
[0072] ⑤本发明的目的是提供一种非常容易维修和更换的新路桥结构。见图 18。
[0073] 大型钢构在制造、装配、储存、运输、施工安装过程中被碰撞损坏很难避免,若损坏 轻微 ,切割焊补 ,设法维修后将就使用;若损坏严重只好报废 ,重新制造,损失很大。
[0074] 《一拉得路桥》是单元结构,主要由 3种杆件(分左、右,共六种)固接而成的大型杆 系单元结构,传统的杆系结构损伤修复难度很大,新技术路桥完全摒弃传统修复方法 :当碰 撞损坏发生后 ,检查是哪几种杆件损坏及损坏数目,拆掉其所在单元上定位销和带键大锥 销,撤换损坏的杆件,换上新的标准杆件,插上定位销和带键大锥销并紧固,就是二个全新 的路桥结构 ,一拆一装,修损如新。省力、省工、省钱,目之所及,没有一种传统结构可以这样 修损如新 ,这是新技术的一大亮点,也是所有使用本发明者的一大福音,这就是易维修易更 换 (见图 18)。
[0075] ⑥本发明的目的是提供一种可以自动成型的整体稳定路桥结构。
Figure imgf000009_0001
的模拟试验,并计算得出了试验结构的理论挠度值 [F](试验结果的许用挠度值 [f]应满足 : [f] W [F])。
[0086] 模拟实验数据是:当均布载荷时,结构加载,超额定载额 1 . 6 %时, [f] = [F] • 30.84%;超额定载荷 33 . 94%时, [f] = [F] • 45 . 92%;结构加载,超载 33 . 94%且偏载(荷载 都压在结构中心线一侧)时,[f] = [F] • 69.91 %
[0087] 当试验结构受集中载荷,超载 31 . 8 %(荷载均分在结构全长的 4个点)时, [f] = [F] - 60. 31铲上述模拟试验测试数据类推,当《一拉得路桥》建成,路桥在承受额定满载 时,结构的挠度保守估计有可能仅是国家规范的不足:,达到由淀 ML 为跨度)。至此,《一 拉得路桥》的设计和制造标准将领先许多,与本发明前述的制造标准(佥 mm)有可能一起重 新考虑路桥技术标准的修订 ,若如此,将在该领域内重建话语权且有巨大的商业利益。
[0088] ⑨本发明的目的是提供一种横向稳定的路构结构,(采取三种技术措施)以抵抗横 向垂直风载和列车行驶 中的横向晃动,以及列车在弯道时的离心力载荷。
[0089] a.《一拉得路桥》结构每个可折叠的单元中,上、下各有一对弦杆,在平面上成长方 形排布,在其对角线位置上各固装一对交叉撑杆 11 ,路桥结构有 Q个单元上下就有 2Q对交叉 支撑杆。以增大路桥结构的平面横向刚度。见图 2。《一拉得路桥》结构展拉成形紧固结点,固 装结点板后 ,将路桥上、下层桥面分别与上、下弦杆(或横向支承梁)固装后,就与交叉支撑 杆 11联合,增大一拉得路桥的平面横向稳定性。(见图 8)。
[0090] b .结构中每个单元的首尾各有 4根零杆,两两相对成双,将两个成双的零杆连成 “零杆桁架”(钥接或栓接)8(见图 7、图 3) ,在每个 “零杆桁架 ”的内侧固装有一水平杆与 “零 杆桁架 ”上方连续工字钢梁(方型管钢)7组成水平桁架 20 ,其作用是:一、与在同一水平面上 的横向支撑梁 40(图 23)一起支撑上层桥面的连续梁,增大上层桥面的强度、刚度,减小挠 度;二、增加路桥结构的空间横向稳定性,(见图 2、图 7、图 27) =
[0091] c .在每对 “零杆桁架”下方外侧各安装有一根向上的撑杆 21 ,与路桥上层桥面拓宽 的檐结构 10用结点固连,成外展的三角形桁架结构,以支撑上桥面所拓宽部分的载荷,又大 大增加了路桥结构的空间横向稳定性 ,(见图 2、图 7、图 28)。
[0092] ⑩本发明的目的是提供一种适应一拉得路桥结构的结点盒。见图 24。
[0093] a .结点盒是在工装约束下制成的标准件,盒的壁厚要大于结构腹杆、零杆和交叉 撑杆的壁厚。
[0094] b .腹杆的结点盒由三部分组成,即腹杆两端部结点盒和中部结点盒三部分用腹杆 串联在一起;零杆只是两端有结点盒 。以腹杆中部结点盒为例说明其制造方法和特点(见图 24,上图) o
[0095] c .在盒的内壁两边各有三块与盒壁等厚且尺寸规整的内钢板 42、43、44 ,在内钢板 平面几何中心 上开长方孔,孔的尺寸与腹杆(零杆)外形尺寸紧密贴合,后将腹杆(零杆)插 入孔中在工装的 约束下,将腹杆(零杆)与内钢板 43、44焊牢,焊接时要使腹杆(零杆)轴线与 内钢板平面保持垂直 ,将内钢板 42先行套在腹杆(零杆)上,待用。在结点盒中心钻孔 E ,在 E 孔中固嵌 (施焊)厚壁套管 14之前借助结点盒上 E孔的空档,将从结点盒两端插入的内钢板 44与结点内壁焊牢,再从 E孔另一侧将内钢板 43与结合盒内壁焊牢 ,此时可将厚壁套管 14与 结点盒在 E孔处施焊成一体,最后将事先套在腹杆(零杆)上的内钢板 42与结点盒和腹(零) 杆焊牢。注意三块内钢板和腹杆(零杆)配合的尺寸要紧密,与杆件和结点盒内壁的施焊工 艺宜采取断续焊以保证焊接精度 。(见图 24)。
[0096] d .腹杆(零杆)两端部结点盒外侧各有一块加厚的内钢板 47 ,借助结点盒开孔 E留 有空档的一侧和其对面一侧 ,双面与结点盒内壁焊牢,内钢板 47上加工有定位锥孔 46 ,与弦 杆、腹杆、零杆上的定位锥孔一体加工,插上锥度定位锥销 45 ,实现桥结构加工时的整体定 位,保持结构整体加工时的形位公差达标。(见图 6 ,图 24 ,下)
[0097] e .用卡具将模轧成形的标准结点板卡装在相对应的结点上,按设计图纸,在其上 加工多个钏钉孔 48以备日后钏接结点板;在其上加工多个可以向腹杆(零杆)内填充泡沫塑 料和向内吹充过滤 的废矿物油雾的孔 49 ,待腔内发泡塑料填满且又沾满油雾滴,用密封盖 将小孔盖紧 。腹杆(零杆)腔内充满油雾,可防止黑金属从内部氧化,发泡塑料吸收行车震 动,衰减噪音,一石二鸟。
[0098] 本结点盒可使路桥在工作状态下提高腹杆(零杆)的抗拉抗压强度和结点盒的刚 度。
[0099] ⑪本发明的目的是提供一种易于开发的山区路桥系统,它安全、环保、便捷、节约。 见图 15、图 29。
[0100] 古今中外开发山区交通是修盘山路(费用极高),几乎是无法走直线,自下而上,自 上而下,大量开山凿洞,一路占地,一路拆迁,一路爆破,一路土石方工程,破坏山体安息角, 泥石流塌方滑坡频 发,破坏自然环境。往往是开通隧道,断了山体的毛细水脉,从此青山成 秃山,如京郊樟柘寺。
[0101] 采用本发明,一定是少开山、少占地、少拆迁、少毁绿、少走曲线、多走直线,采用 《一拉得路桥》技术,山山之间、山水之间、村村之间 ,选定某一恰当的水平高度一拉成桥 ,一 劳永逸,天堑变通途。
[0102] 曲本发明的目的是提供一个节能、环保、便捷的城际铁路系统(见图 30)。
[0103] 随着城市化进程,国内大小城镇以千计数 ,世界 200多个国家,仅发达国家城镇约 以万计数。城镇间多有高速公路通连,跑汽车。一是筑(养)路费不菲,二是汽车消耗巨量化 石燃料 (石油是液体黄金,它们的组成几乎包含了门捷列夫周期表上的全部 106种元素,是 绝好的化工原料 ,资源有限,烧掉是巨大的浪费)。且造成严重的环境污染。解决办法是在城 镇间建设节能、环保、便捷的城际铁路系统,(见图 30)。若如此,各城镇交通公交化。
[0104] 《一拉得路桥》及制造与施工作为城际交通的首选,它有本发明所述的一切技术优 势,若只展拉《一拉得路桥》一排结构,就可形成上下两层、八轨四动车通道,四条动车线路, 往返各两条 ,可设计不同的时速。这样,一是方便人们不同的出行需要,二是减小(由于高 速一一磨损与速 度的平方成正比)线路、轨道和车辆的磨损,利于维修和节约运行费用。采 用新技术是一件利世 、利国、利民的大好事。
[0105] ⑲本发明的目的是提供一种能承重载的一拉得路桥。见图 26。
[0106] 重载一拉得路桥的组装是以三个平面一拉得结构(见图 l ,d)为一组连排展拉,(其 中下层桥面 5、下弦杆间的对角线支撑 11、单元横向连杆 40(是施工负荷)与零杆在内侧适当 位置上固连的一根水平杆 ,见图 7 ,已固装其上),随之一起展拉成空间一拉得路桥结构作为 第一组 ,放在桥墩上形成了 I、H两条通道;如上,再展拉相同的连排结构作为第二组,放在 桥墩上形成 IV、V两条通道,两组间隔为第 IH条通道。插上所有定位销 45紧固两组结构中带 键的大锥销 15 ,轻击入键(见图 6、图 26) ,就可以进行后续施工。
[0107] 路桥结构下层第 III条通道是行人和机动车道,其余四条通道各走一动车;上层全 走动车或是双向 6〜 8条车道的高速公路。
[0108] 在本方案的一拉得路桥的结构中,增加了二排平面一拉得结构,所以该路桥结构 整体的强度和刚度将 大大增加,以适应重载的需要。该方案简便、易行,依此思路,根据工程 的实际需要 ,重载《一拉得路桥》可采用多个一拉得平面结构连排组合而成,本发明中所阐 述的一切技术 — 经济优势,重载一拉得路桥同样拥有。
[0109] ⑭本发明的目的是提供一种方便建设的市政观光过街天桥。(见图 20)
[0110]
[0111] 本发明中过街天桥基础施工,是在行人便道或路中央隔离带的局部,基本不影响 交通流量。桥墩是一拉得路桥结构改性 ,在工厂已制成 ,适时运到现场,借助吊车一拉成墩 , 插定位销紧固带键大锥销 ,轻击入键、固装结点板及加固措施后固装在已硬化的桥基础上, 继之安装已制成标准件的楼梯 。以上施工不影响交通。
[0112] 本发明中过街桥结构及桥面均已在工厂制成,适时运抵现场,一拉成上、下两层桥 结构,架在桥墩上,插入多个定位销,紧固数个带键大锥销并轻击入键即成刚性结构,固装 标准结点板 ,铺装标准上下桥面及侧面安全护栏 ,补漆,安装照明设施,即可通行。
[0113] 该市政观光过街天桥的整体施工的大部分工序是在工厂里完成的。当桥墩基础工 程完成后,按照 “中国速度 ”,一拉得桥梁结构及标准件桥面和结点板的固装施工,约一天或 一夜 (8小时)即可一桥飞架。
[0114] ⑮本发明的目的是提供一种与传统路桥技术相比有高性价比的《一拉得路桥》。
[0115] 网查,中国高速铁路单层、四轨、双向两动车,建设费用是人民币 1 .25亿 /km,性价 比是 1 : 1 . 25 = 0. 8(中国人民大学金灿荣教授说是人民币 1 . 8亿 /km ,性价比是 1: 1 . 8 = 0.56);欧盟是人民币 1 .89亿 /km,性价比是 1: 1.89 = 0 , 53;美国是人民币 3 . 2亿 /km,性价比 是 1:3.2 =0.31。
[0116] 作者根据 2017年 6月 18日网查钢材市场价格草算,采用《一拉得路桥》若技术投资 人民币 2. 00亿(即增加 0.75亿,约 60%)可建成上下两层,如图 2 ,图 28所示,双向 4轨 2 动车 高铁线路 2条,双向 6车道高速公路 1条,人行路 1条共 4条通道 ,平均造价为 0 . 50亿 /KM。其性 价比是刍 Z«uu = 2. 00。《一拉得路桥》性价比是目前国内高铁建造技术的 £ u«ou = 2. 5 (倍),也就 是采用《一拉得路桥》技术,比现在国内建高速铁路的投资平均节约 60 % ,即采用新技术建 设 1万公里高铁 ,较传统技术少投资金 7500亿,折合美金约 1150亿。
[0117] 为此,作者做一个粗略的草算 :如图 2示,高铁、高速公路等双层四通道《一拉得路 桥》 ,每公里用钢量大约为 9700吨左右 ,材料费(16Mnq)按 4000元 /吨计,需要 3880万元,在工 厂里将其制成 《一拉得路桥》成品(工装费、卡具费、专用工具费、零件配件费,制造费、不可 预见费等),连工带料按(工 :料 = 1: 1)计,共需 7760万元,约占总投资的 38. 8%。
[0118] 若桥墩跨度为 25米,则 1公里线路有 50座桥墩,每座桥墩承受桥梁自重静载荷为 194 吨 /墩,土建费用(征地、拆迁、补偿、青苗费、设计费、监理费、建材费、施工费、不可预见 费等)为 20000-7760 = 12240万元,均摊到每个桥墩,折合造价为 244.8万元 /墩,在整体路桥 工程建设中,土建费用占整体投资额的端 = 61. 2%,两者之比为 38.8:61.2 ,基本合理。 [0119] 同理,欧、美等国采用《一拉得路桥》技术后,性价比较他们现在的技术将分别提高 约至 2. 6倍和 2. 5倍,有巨大的经济利益。
[0120] ®本发明的目的是提供一种可以广泛应用的路桥。
[0121] 正如诸多专家所言,《一拉得路桥》结构是巧妙的、科学的、合理的。它突破了传统 路桥技术理念 ,是对传统技术颠覆性地突破,变得更简单、更快捷、更节约和更安全了。
[0122] 《一拉得路桥》可应用于高速铁路、重载铁路(图 26) .hyperloop超级高铁(图 19)、 城际铁路 (图 30)、高速公路(图 10、图 19)、磁悬浮铁路、山区道桥(图 15、图 29)、跨越抢险栈 桥、跨大山之间、跨江河湖的悬索桥(图 13、图 14)、城市过街天桥(图 20)及一切轨道、非轨 道交通。 '
[0123] 本发明采用如下技术方案:
[0124] 《一拉得路桥》,其特点是:桥墩是二种钢筋混凝土结构(见图 2、图 22) ,或是《一拉 得路桥》结构改性一拉得成柱,做为桥墩垂直使用,桥墩底部固装在承台 31上(见图 16)。
[0125] 所述的《一拉得路桥》,其特点是:桥梁是《一拉得路桥》结构,桥梁的上弦杆、下弦 杆为大尺寸 H型钢,腹杆、零杆为方型钢管(或槽钢),在弦杆、腹杆、零杆相连处的结点盒有 定位销 45定位,用带键大锥销 15紧固并轻击入键,固装标准结点板,就可以实现《一拉得路 桥》的整体大刚度连接。见图 6。
[0126] 所述的《一拉得路桥》其特点是:桥梁上的弦杆、腹杆、零杆均由机加工成标准件, 每个单元的 H型弦杆两端与相邻单元 H型弦杆搭接处,一端在其横截面上,以垂直中心线为 界,一侧剔除,反侧焊板补偿加强,相邻单元弦杆端部在另一侧剔除和反侧焊板补偿加强, 剔除长度等于: J弦杆高,补强板的长度等于 : J倍弦杆高,在此处的零杆也做相应地剔除和加 强,后在专用数控机 床上,用工装和卡具约束篷(说)定位锥孔和带键槽的大锥孔,《一拉得 路桥》展拉成形,两相搭接的弦杆端部,在其搭接处横截面上的垂直中心线两侧贴合,弦杆 上的锥孔与在此 相交腹杆、零杆结点盒上的锥孔中心线重合,插定位锥销、插带键大锥销固 接,成一刚性连接 ,见图 5、图 6。
[0127] 所述的《一拉得路桥》其特点是:下层桥面由数个等强度箱形结构与下弦杆固连而 成 ,《一拉得路桥》展拉成形时 ,下层桥面已展成,每个箱形结构内焊有数个纵横交叉垂直排 布的加强板 22.23 ,以保证桥面强度和刚度足够,同时与下弦杆间对角线支撑杆 11联合,增 大路桥整体 的平面横向刚度,如图 2、图 8。与零杆桁架组合而成的水平桁架 20和三角形桁架 21 ,共同增大路桥结构空间横向刚度。紧固路桥结构所有结点后,固装标准结点板,就可在 下层桥面进行 后续施工,如铺设上层桥面横向支承梁和上层连续梁桥面 6 ,固装上弦杆间对 角线支撑杆,在桥 面上铺设钢轨用于动车,铺设水泥、柏油用于机动车和人行道,桥面上有 照明、通讯和安全防护设施。
[0128] 《一拉得路桥》一次性在长度方向展拉可形成 1〜 M排通道,垂直方向可展拉出 2〜 M 层桥面 (M为自然数)。这是本发明优于传统路桥技术最突出的优点之一:若展拉出 M排通道 或展拉 出 M层桥面,日后,则可在此地附近少建 M座桥,既提前解决了交通拥堵,着眼于可持 续发展 ,又避免了日后重新征地建桥和重复投入建桥资金。
[0129] 本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:
[0130] 优点: [0131] ①《一拉得路桥及其制造与施工》是 “土木工程 ”和 “机械工程”两大基础学科交叉。 在边缘突破的产物 ,在国内外的文献中,本发明提出的“一拉得 ”新技术以外,从来没有一拉 成结构,一拉成路,一拉成桥的记载。目之所及也没见到完全以机加工的方法制造桥梁结构 及简捷的施工程式好 、快、省地建设路桥。本发明是 “结构 ”和 “机构 ”的杂交,是基础研究,是 对结构力学理论的补 充。它又是应用研究,生出来一系列优势是对传统路桥技术颠覆性的 突破。它易设计,用现行结构设计程序;制造精度高;总装配应力小;在各种环境下均可实现 无障碍通达;施工安全 、精准、快捷;修损如新;它大刚度、小挠度、施工时结构能自行稳定、 节能环保、建设周期短、使用寿命长、性价比高且又安全、稳固。它有众多优点,正如当年建 设部总工程师许溶 烈教授和科技界、工程界几十位专家称此结构有综合优势,应用范围极 广,国内外未见报导。至今未见。经年研究,本发明作者又在诸多技术环节上有实质性地改 善,使《一拉得路桥》更安全、更合理、更好用。
[0132] ②有完全自主知识产权,有独立的技术体系、技术标准,简单易推广。
[0133] ③用“工装 ”和机械加工造路桥,可实现系列化、标准化、通用化、智能化。质量好、 成本低、效率高 ,能实现大生产。
[0134] ④其性价比高于传统技术。适用于一切大、中、小型,轻型、重型路桥建设,及一切 轨道和非轨道路桥 建设。如高速铁路、重载铁路>Hyperloop超级高铁、高速公路、磁悬浮铁 路、城际铁路、山区道桥、抢险救援栈桥、城市过街天桥、跨大山之间、跨江河湖的悬索桥。
[0135] 积极效果:
[0136] ①由于《一拉得路桥及制造与施工》技术上先进、经济上合理,将有广阔的国内外 市场,推广应用后将带出一个新兴的、历久不衰的路桥制造业、新路桥建筑业及上、下游企 业,推动经济发展。
[0137] ②《一拉得路桥及制造与施工》用于山区交通开发,独辟蹊径,用技术进步和相对 很少的资源 投入修建山区高级公路,解决困扰历朝历代的 “三农 ”问题,路通畅,山民富裕 了,将额手称庆。
[0138] ③世界各国地形地貌差异极大,《一拉得路桥及制造与施工》突显技术、经济优势。 附图说明
[0139] 图 1《一拉得路桥》结构原理图
[0U0] 1、弦杆 , 2、带键槽大锥销孔 , 3、腹杆 , 4、零杆。
[0141] 图 2《一拉得路桥》结构示意图(主视图、仰视图、剖面图)
[0142] 1、弦杆 , 3、腹杆 , 4、零杆 , 5、等强度梁下桥面 , 6、上层桥面横向支承梁,上铺设连续 梁桥面 , 7、连续工字梁(方型管钢),8、零杆桁架 , 9、标准结点板,10、上桥面拓宽外伸檐 , 11、 上、下弦杆间对角线支撑杆, 12、八轨道(四动车), 20、水平桁架 , 21、三角形桁架 , 38、钢筋混 凝土桥墩。
[0143] 图 3零杆桁架示意图
[0144] 3、腹杆 , 4、零杆,15、带键大锥销。
[0145] 图 4腹杆结点盒示意图
[0146] 2、带键槽大锥销孔 , 3、腹杆 , 9、结点板。
[0147] 图 5多杆在结点处与结点板固装示意图 [0148] 1、弦杆 , 2、带键槽大锥销孔 , 3、腹杆 , 4、零杆 , 9、结点板,13、零杆结点盒, 14、厚壁 锥套管 ,45、锥形定位销。
[0149] 图 6弦杆、腹杆、零杆的连接及在结点盒处固嵌带键大锥销结构示意图
[0150] 1、弦杆 , 2、带键槽大锥销孔 , 3、腹杆 , 4、零杆 , 13、零杆结点盒,14、厚壁套管,15、带 键大锥销 ,16、紧固垫圈,17、紧固螺母,1&、弦杆剔除后补焊的加强板,19、零杆(剔除后)补 焊的加强板 , 8、零杆桁架 ,45、锥形定位销 ,46、锥形定位销孔。
[0151] 图 7《一拉得路桥》上层桥面工字钢梁(方型钢管)与零杆桁架组成水平桁架,及上 层桥面外伸檐与零杆桁架支撑杆 21 ,组成三角形支撑桁架示意图 .
[0152] 1、弦杆 , 5、下层桥面 , 6、上层桥面横向支承梁,上铺设连续梁桥面 , 7、连续工字钢 梁(方型管钢),8、零杆桁架 , 12、八钢轨(四动车),20、水平桁架 , 21、支撑杆与三角形桁架。
[0153] 图 8下层桥面示意图
[0154] 22、轴向加强板 , 23、横向加强板,1、弦杆 , 5、等强度箱形梁下桥面, H、弦杆对角线 支撑杆 , 50、搭铁 , 51、止动铁盒 , 52、结点盒 , 53、结点盒端部铁拖。
L0155] 图 9在两相邻单元弦杆端部搭接处的横截面上,以其垂直中心线为界一侧剔除,另 一侧补焊加强板,另一单元端部则反向处理后 ,在垂直中心线两侧贴合;零杆也做相应剔除 和补偿加强后 ,在此处固接,每个单元结点处有 3(或 5)个锥孔与带键大锥销固接。
[0156] 1、弦杆 , 2、带键槽大锥销孔 , 18、反面补焊的加强板。
[0157] 图 10用架桥机建《一拉得路桥》示意图
[0158] 20、水平桁架 , 24、《一拉得路桥》折叠态 , 25、架桥机正在展拉《一拉得路桥》, 26、 在一个桥墩上展 拉出两排《一拉得路桥》结构,就形成三条通道, 27、构成两层八轨四动车, 上层高速公路 ,下层人行通道,共四条交通线网,40、《一拉得路桥》两上弦杆间单元横向连 杆。
[0159] 图 11用吊车建《一拉得路桥》示意图
[0160] 20、水平桁架 , 28、结构稳定的连体双单元结构 , 40、《一拉得路桥》两上弦杆间单元 横向连杆。
[0161] 图 12悬索起重机示意图
[0162] 图 13悬索起重机建大跨度《一拉得路桥》,平行弦拉索悬索桥示意图
[0163] 20、水平桁架 , 28、结构稳定的连体双单元结构 ,40、《一拉得路桥》两上弦杆间单元 横向连杆。
[0164] 图 14悬索起重机建大跨度《一拉得路桥》,斜拉索悬索桥示意图
[0165] 20、水平桁架 , 28、结构稳定的连体双单元结构 ,40、《一拉得路桥》两上弦杆间单元 横向连杆。
[0166] 图 15山区道桥示意图一一《一拉得路桥》结构形式可做桥梁也可改性后做桥墩,可 以大量减少修盘 山公路。
[0167] 29、改性的《一拉得路桥》结构作为桥墩垂直使用。
[0168] 图 16《一拉得路桥》平面结构(见图 1)二片、三片、四片、五片、六片,用弦杆插接可 成三面 … 六面柱结构,拼装成立体桥墩结构。
[0169] 30、《一拉得路桥》四面体作为立柱用的桥墩,31、承台,32、空间对角线支撑杆,
33、平面对角线支撑杆 , 34、改性《一拉得路桥》立柱的弦杆及插连接后紧固。 [0170] 图 17《一拉得路桥》易储存、易运输示意图
[0171] 图 18《一拉得路桥》易更换、易保养示意图
[0172] 图 19Hyperloop超级高铁密封管道固嵌在《一拉得路桥》中,就更牢固、更安全,与 高速公路连体,通行无阻。
[0173] 35、Hyperloop管道与《一拉得路桥》固嵌 , 36、上层高速公路 , 37、下层人行、救援通 道
[0174] 图 20《一拉得路桥》用于城市观光过街天桥。
[0175] 图 21当代日本东京过街天桥。 ,
[0176] 图 22跨海《一拉得路桥》宜采用钢筋混凝土桥墩,示意图
[0177] 38、钢筋混凝土桥墩,39、钢筋混凝土中的预埋件与支撑杆 21固连 , 6、上层桥面横 向支承梁,上铺设连续梁桥面
[0178] 图 23《一拉得路桥》上层桥面横向支承梁与两上弦杆间单元横向连杆示意图。
[0179] 7、连续工字钢梁(方型钢管)组成水平桁架 , 6、上层桥面横向支承梁,上铺设连续 梁桥面 ,40、两上弦杆间单元横向连杆(是临时安装的施工负荷),41、柱销。
[0180] 图 24腹杆两端及腹杆中部结点盒示意图(上图)
[0181] 零杆两端部结点盒结构示意图(下图)
[0182] 2、带键槽大锥孔 , 3、腹杆 , 4、零杆 , 14、厚壁套管 , 42、结点盒内钢板 , 43、结点盒内 钢板 , 44、结点盒内钢板 ,46、锥形定位孔 , 47、结点盒内加厚钢板 ,48、钏]钉孔 , 49、注塑(油) 孔。
[0183] 图 25弦杆、腹杆、零杆在《一拉得路桥》中连接的横向剖视图。
[0184] 1、弦杆 , 2、带键槽锥孔 , 3、腹杆 ,4、零杆 , 5、箱形结构下桥面 , 6、上层桥面横向支撑 梁,其上安装连续梁上桥面 , 8、零杆桁架,14、厚壁套管 , 21、三角形桁架。
[0185] 图 26重载《一拉得路桥》结构示意图。
[0186] 图 27上下桥面 16轨 8动车,机动车道 2条 ,人行道 1条示意图。
[0187] 图 28下桥面 8轨 4动车,人行、机动车道 1条,上桥面 6车道高速公路 1条,共 4条通道。 [0188] 图 29山区道桥结构示意图。
[018刃 图 30节能、环保、便捷的城际铁路系统示意图。 图 31在专用机床加工前,用仪器测量标准单元体侧面矩形对角线应等值。示意图。 [0190] 图中,1、弦杆 , 2、带键槽大锥销孔 , 3、腹杆 ,4、零杆 , 5、等强度箱形结构下桥面, 6、 上桥面横向支承梁 ,其上安装连续梁上桥面, 7、连续工字梁(方型钢管), 8、零杆桁架 , 9、标 准结点板,10、上桥面拓宽外伸檐,11、弦杆间对角线支撑 , 12、八轨(四动车),13、零杆结点 盒,14、厚壁锥套管,15、带键大锥销,16、紧固垫圈,17、紧固螺母,18、弦杆补焊的加强板, 19、零杆补焊的加强板 , 20、水平桁架 , 21、支撑杆和三角形桁架 , 22、轴向加强板(等强度) , 23、横向加强板 , 24、《一拉得路桥》折叠态示意图,25、架桥机正在展拉《一拉得路桥》示意 图 , 26、在一个桥墩上展拉出两排空间《一拉得路桥》结构,形成三排通道示意图;27、两层八 轨四动车、上层高速公路,下层人行、救援通道示意图 , 28、结构稳定的连体双单元结构 , 29、 改性《一拉得路桥》结构作为立柱竖直使用,作为桥墩示意图,30、改性《一拉得路桥》四面体 作为立柱用的桥墩 , 31、承台,32、空间对角线支撑杆 , 33、平面对角线支撑杆 , 34、弦杆及插 接件 , 35>Hyperloop密封管道固连在《一拉得路桥》中、一桥三用,36、上层高速公路, 37、下 层人行、救援通道,38、钢筋混凝土桥墩,39、钢筋混凝土中的预埋件与支撑杆 21固连 , 40、 上弦杆间单元横 向连杆(施工负荷), 41、柱销 , 42、结点盒内钢板 , 43、结点盒内钢板 , 44、结 点盒内钢板 , 45、锥形定位销 , 46、锥形定位销孔 , 47、结点盒内加厚钢板 ,48、钏钉孔 ,49、注 塑小孔 , 50、搭铁 , 51、止动铁盒 , 52、结点盒 , 53、外包铁拖 , 54、下桥面固定螺栓。
[0191] 配合附图举实施例如下
[0192] 实施例 1
[0193] 一种《一拉得路桥》可瞬间展拉成型,它包括桥墩 38(图 2)和桥梁、桥墩支承桥梁, 桥梁由弦杆 1、腹杆 3、零杆 4锥形定位销 45和带键大锥销 15固接成刚性结构,再固装标准结 点板,上下桥面分别与上下弦杆固连(图 2) ,弦杆 1和零杆 4可成直角状施焊成一刚构或分体 后又固连成一体 (见图 1 . a)
[0194] 《一拉得路桥》的弦杆 1为 H型钢(或其它),当桥梁跨度为 2伽展拉出两排《一拉得路 桥》形成三通道 时,尺寸为 320x305x 16 . 9x29 . 0x27mm ,腹杆 3为方型钢管(或槽钢) 220x140x10mm,零杆 4为方型钢管(或槽钢) 140x140x8mm,弦杆 1、腹杆 3和零杆 4均是规整的 标准件 ,各杆在相交处钻孔,孔内固嵌厚壁带键槽的锥形套管 14 ,由带键大锥销轴 15 固接 成刚性连接 (图 6)。
[0195] 《一拉得路桥》两相邻单元的 H型钢(或其它)弦杆端部在搭接处,以其横截面的垂 直中心线为界 ,一侧剔除,反侧焊板补偿加强,剔除的长度等于令玄杆高,补偿焊板的长度为 :倍弦杆高;相邻单元的弦杆端部在另一侧剔除和反侧补偿加强 ,弦杆在两相搭接处端部的 垂直中心线两侧贴合 。此处的零杆也做相应剔除和补偿加强后,在专用数控机床上,在工装 和卡具的约束下 ,在厚壁套管 14和补强的腹板上篷(铢)出定位锥销孔和 3〜 5个带键槽的大 锥孔,当一拉得路桥展拉成形时,两相邻单元的弦杆贴合搭接,成 H型弦杆状,在此处与相交 的腹杆和零杆结 点盒上的锥孔中心线重合,插定位锥销,再插 3个(或 5个)带键的大锥销,紧 固成刚性连接 (图 5、图 6、图 9) ,后固装标准结点板。
[0196] 下层桥面 5(图 8)由数个等强度箱形结构与弦杆 I固连而成。箱形结构内施焊多个 纵横交叉且 垂直排布的加强板 22、23 ,以增强度和刚度,下桥面之间有等间隔,间隔上安装 止动铁盒 51。
[0197] 《一拉得路桥》在长度方向,每个单元上下各有二根在水平水面上平行排布的弦杆 (类矩形),在其对角线上固装交叉支撑杆 11(图 2 ,图 8) ,以增大路桥结构的平面横向刚度; 与零杆桁架组 合而成的水平桁架 20和三角形桁架 21(图 7) ,共同增大路桥结构的空间横向 刚度。
[0198] 此实施例 1中《一拉得路桥》长度方向拉出二组空间一拉得路桥结构,形成三个通 道,纵向路面为 2层(图 2、图 10)。在桥面上铺设钢轨,用于轨道交通,也可铺设水泥或柏油用 于机动车和人行 、救援通道。路面上装有照明设施、通讯和安全防护设施。
[0199] 本实施例的具体实施过程
[0200] 《一拉得路桥》所有杆件和零部件,凡施焊的零部件,焊后要做 “低温退火 ”处理 ,后 在 “工装 ”的约束下按标准机加工成型,组装成单元结构或整体结构,根据储运和施工的实 际需要 ,将《一拉得路桥》或是整体折叠储运,或是拆成单元或单根杆件,实现全程无障碍运 输到施工现场 。下层桥面的箱式结构,可以在制造厂里固连在下弦杆上,也可以待运到工地 后再固连。到工地后可借助架桥机整体安装,也可用吊车或悬索起重机以(结构稳定的) 连 体双 (或 N)单元,为一施工单位分体安装 ,各个分体单元间的连接 ,仅是 4个定位销和 12个 带键的标准大锥销 在结点上的插接和紧固后,固装标准结点板 9 ,再将《一拉得路桥》上下弦 杆用对角线撑杆 11固连,借助架桥机或起重机,将标准的上层桥面 6(图 2、图 23) 固装在上 弦杆 (横向支承梁)上,又将每个单元中两两相对零杆组装成 “零杆桁架 ” 8 ,每个单元中同一 横截面上,在适当位置,两 “零杆桁架”的内侧按装一水平杆,与其上方工字钢梁(方型钢管) 7组成水平桁架 20(图 2、图 7);“零杆桁架 ”外侧下方装有一根向上的撑杆 21 ,与上层桥面拓 宽的檐结构 10用结点固连,成外展的三角形桁架结构(图 2、图 7)
[0201] 上述技术措施都可以在《一拉得路桥》初始展拉成型的下层桥面上施工作业,可以 考虑无须架设施工 栈桥,至此,《一拉得路桥》已成大刚度桥。在桥面上铺设钢轨用于轨道交 通,铺设水泥、柏油用于高速公路、机动车和人行道,上下层桥面安装照明、通讯及安全防护 设施。
[0202] 实施例 2
[0203] 一种《一拉得路桥》瞬间展拉成型,它用于群山峻岭中的山区道桥建设,可以极大 地减少修筑盘 山公路、安全又节约巨额筑路费,多走平路、直路,少爬坡,少开山,少凿隧洞, 环保、节能,利于山区开发(图 15)。它包括桥墩(图 16)、桥梁和上下两层桥面,桥墩 29 (图 15)为《一拉得路桥》结构改性,作为立柱垂直使用,当它作为桥墩使用时其弦杆、腹杆、零 杆、(还会增加空间支撑杆 32和水平支撑杆 33(图 16)) ,根据受力状态需重新设计、制造,用 定位销和带键 的大锥销插结点并紧固后固装标准结点板,桥梁固装在桥墩上,桥墩用地脚 螺栓固定在承台 31上(图 16)。
[0204] 也可将改性的《一拉得路桥》结构拆成平面结构,3片、 4片 …… 6片,折叠运抵现场 展拉成平面结构 ,借助起重设备在承台上逐片插接、安装如 30.34(图 16)成三面体、四面体、 六面体,结点紧固,固连水平、空间撑杆 32和 33 ,固装结点板遂成稳定的空间桥墩结构。
[0205] 《一拉得路桥》做为山区道 桥跨度 为 29m时,弦杆 H型钢(或其它)尺寸为 200x200x9.0x15. 0mm(依桥跨度而定),腹杆为方型钢管(或槽钢) 180x100x8 . 0mm,零杆为方 型钢管 (或槽钢) 100x100x6. 0mm,它们在连接处固嵌带键槽的厚壁锥套管 14(图 6) ,用锥形 定位销 45和带键大锥销 15固接成刚性结构,后固装标准结点板。
[0206] 《一拉得路桥》两相邻单元 H型钢(或其它)弦杆在端部搭接,在搭接处以其横截面 的垂直中心线为界 ,一侧剔除,反侧补焊加强板 18 ,剔除长度等于令玄杆高,补偿板的长度为 g倍弦杆高;相邻单元的弦杆端部在另一侧剔除和反侧补焊加强板 18 ,零杆也做相应剔除和 补焊加强后 ,在专用数控机床上,在工装和卡具的约束下,在厚壁套管 14和补强的腹板上车堂 (锐) 出定位锥销孔和 3(或 5)个带键槽的大锥孔,当一拉得路桥展拉成形时,两相邻单元的 弦杆端部在此贴合搭 接,成 H型弦杆形状,并与相交的腹杆和零杆结点盒上的锥孔中心线重 合,插定位锥销和 3个(或 5个)带键的大锥销,紧固成刚性连接(图 5、图 6、图 9)。
[0207] 在《一拉得路桥》每个单元上下各有二根平行排布的弦杆,在其水平面的对角线上 固装交叉支撑杆 11(图 2),以增大路桥的平面横向刚度(见图 2、图 8)。
[0208] 《一拉得路桥》每个单元中相对的 “零杆桁架”上固装水平桁架 20(图 2、图 7) ,每个 相对的 “零杆桁架 ”外侧下方固装一向上的支撑杆,与上层桥面拓宽外伸檐结构 10用结点固 连,成外展的三角形桁架结构 21(图 2、图 7),共同增大路桥结构的空间横向刚度。将路桥的 下层桥面 5固装在下弦杆上,上层桥面固装在上弦杆横向支承梁 6上。
[0209] 《一拉得路桥》山区道桥为一组一拉得路桥结构,上下两层桥面,各为双向 2车道, 做防腐工程 ,路面上铺水泥或柏油用于机动车、非机动车和人行道,路桥上安装照明、通讯 和安全防护设施。
[0210] 本实施例的具体实施过程
[0211] 《一拉得路桥》所有杆件和施焊的零部件,二次加工前必做 “低温退火”处理后,在 “工装”的约束下按标准机加工成标准件,组装成单元结构或整体结构 ,根据山区道路状况, 将《一拉得路桥》结构或整体折叠储运,或是拆成单元或单根杆件,以求顺利运到施工现场, 下层桥面的箱式结 构可以在制造厂里已安装好,也可以分别运输到工地后,按整体或按结 构稳定的连体 N结构单元,为一个施工单位安装就位 ,再做后续施工。
[0212] 桥墩可以选用改性《一拉得路桥》结构,做为立柱垂直使用,根据需要可以插接拼 成多面体空间结构 30(图 16) ,用地脚螺栓固定在承台 31上。
[0213] 在结构施工完成以后,继之,做防腐工程。
[0214] 包括四个方面:
[0215] a .在路桥表面固嵌多个金属锌条(块),借助锌、铁化学活性差异,延缓黑色金属腐 蚀。
[0216] b .由于路桥零部件构件尺寸较小(本案中最长的管件小于 5 .6m) ,故在路桥都制成 标准件后,组装成整体路 桥之前可以进行整体或局部化学磷化处理 (发黑或发蓝),以防材 料氧化锈蚀,尤其是局部一一锥销和锥套等的磷化处理,既可延缓结构内部的零件氧化,又 使这种连接更牢固、更可靠。方法简单,效果出奇的好。
[0217] c .一拉得路桥结构中的所有管件的两端都必须封闭,并留有带盖的小孔,向管内 充填满泡沫塑料和废矿物油滴 (即减震消噪,又内部防腐),最后盖盖密封。
[0218] d .路桥结构整体施工完成后喷漆。
[0219] 上下层桥面铺水泥或柏油做为机动车、非机动车及人行道,安装照明、通讯和安全 防护设施。
[0220]
[0221] 土木工程和机械工程已是经典学科,前人积累了丰富的理论和实践经验 ,《一拉得 路桥》是将 “桁架结构 ”和 “二级机构 ”杂交而衍生出来的一种崭新的结构形式,杂交生出一 系列优势 ,它既有 “结构 ”的特性 :强度、刚度、稳定性足够,又具有 “机构 ”的精准和灵活。它 可以用当今的通 用和专用的结构设计程序设计,既安全、快捷又节约;它可以单体制造,精 度很高;一改钢结构 (路桥)制造多年靠传统的焊、枷老工艺,因而避开了焊接的变形和钏接 的繁琐,用工装约束的数控机加工造钢结构,开创了路桥制造的先河;整体装配,应力极低; 折叠储运,能实现无障碍通达;用新工艺施工实现了快速安装,能从折叠状态下的机构瞬间 展拉为可承载 的结构;突破了杆系结构维修的传统理念,修损如新 ;《一拉得路桥》刚度大、 挠度小、施工中结构能自行稳定、节能环保、性价比高、施工周期短、使用寿命长、适应多种 路桥建设,在同一地点、同一次施工中,可建成多用途、多通道的路桥体系,极大地节约建设 成本,与传统技术建路桥相比缩短工期!,甚至更多 -经草算 ,性价比约是传统路桥技术的 2倍 多,能安全、快捷地建成大刚度路桥。 [0222]
[0223] 《一拉得路桥》在国家建设中的应用,由于它在技术和经济上的双重优势,可以预 见到在国际上将会有广阔的市场 。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1 .《一拉得路桥》,一经展拉就能成路、成桥,其特征是它包括桥墩、桥梁和桥面,所述的 桥梁是由弦杆 1、腹杆 3、零杆 4在相交的结点盒处插入定位销 45后,固嵌带键槽的厚壁锥套 管 2 ,用三个或五个带键的大锥销 15插入连接并用螺母 17紧固,在路桥结构展拉时,拔掉定 位销,松解大锥销,上有槽无键,当路桥结构展拉成型时插入定位销,紧固大锥销并轻击键 入槽,后再用标准结点板固连成一体的杆系单元结构 ,所述桥梁每个单元结构包括二个刚 性三角形,刚性三角形是由在同一平面的一根弦杆和 一根零杆组成的整体刚性曲杆(也可 是分体后固连成整体),曲杆夹角为 90° ,还包括一根腹杆,曲杆与腹杆围成一刚性三角形, 在腹杆中点处开孔 P,孔内固嵌厚壁套管 14并加工成有键槽的大锥孔 2 ,在刚性三角形两个 锐角端开孔, Q、R,两孔内固嵌厚壁套管并加工成有键槽的锥孔,曲杆直角端点的轴线上开 孔,孔内固嵌厚壁套管并加工成有键槽 的锥孔 S ,二个刚性三角形的曲杆、腹杆分别处于《一 拉得路桥》结构中的四个平面,一个刚性三角形的曲杆位于 I平面,腹杆位于 III平面,另一 个刚性三角形的曲杆位于 IV平面,腹杆位于 II平面,两个刚性三角形在其腹杆中点 P锥孔处 钗接,三角形中的杆件可 以绕其腹杆中心 P在各自的平面内转动,转动时,在同一平面上的 相邻两个刚性三角形 的弦杆在搭接处,一个单元的一端在其横截面上,以其竖直中心线为 界,一侧剔除,反侧焊板加强;相邻单元搭接端在另一侧剔除,反侧焊板加强,剔除的长度为 分 3玄杆高,补强焊板的长度为; 3倍弦杆高,各单元图形的连接是:第一个单元图形中在 LIII 平面上加工成形 的锥孔 QpRrS1的中心线与第二个单元图形在 ILIV平面上加工成形的锥 孔。2部2§的中心线,在结构转动展拉成形时各自相互对正(、且52鸟、。]§、。2勺),插上 大锥销、入键 ,其余刚性三角形类推 ,遂成整体单元结构 ,结构展拉时结点处在皎接态 ;展拉 成形后,插上定位锥销 45 ,用螺母 17紧固带键大锥销 15 ,轻击入键,固装标准结点板 9 ,架在 桥墩上,所述下桥面是等间距平行放置的等强度箱式结构梁 ,上桥面是连续梁,均与弦杆固 装,所述的桥墩为钢筋混凝土结构,或是改性的《一拉得路桥》结构竖直使用,成桥墩,路桥 应作防腐处理。
2.根据权利要求书 1所述的一拉得路桥,其特征是路桥结构中每个单元的连接仅仅是 四个锥形定位销 45 ,和 12〜 14个带键大锥销 15的连接和用螺母 17紧固;放松锥销、拨掉键和 锥形定位销 45 ,《一拉得路桥》结构可成为自由展缩状态。
3.根据权利要求书 1所述的一拉得路桥,其特征是路桥结构中全部杆件、零件、部件都 需经过初加工和 精加工过程,初加工包括精确下料、车说刨磨焊、钻孔,焊后需经低温退火 处理;精加工是用工装 将杆件、零件、部件按图纸要求加工成标准件,后按路桥结构整体形 状 ,用工装固定在专用机床上,钻(钗)定位销孔,再插入锥度定位销 45定位后篷(铳)带键槽 大锥孔 2。
4.根据权利要求书 1所述的《一拉得路桥》,其特征是每个结构单元弦杆的两端各有四 根零杆,两两成双,当桥结构展拉成形时,将每对成双的零杆或刨或栓组装成零杆桁架 8 ,同 时在结构同一横截面 的零杆桁架上端用一连续水平工字梁 (方型钢管) 6固连,在所述路桥 结构同一横截面上,两个 相对的零杆桁架的内侧适当位置上固装一根水平杆,与零杆桁架 上方的连续工字梁 (方型钢管)或栓或钥 1组成水平桁架 20 ,在两个相对的零杆桁架外侧底部 固装一根斜向上方的支撑杆 ,与路桥上层桥面拓宽的外伸檐用结点固连成外伸的三角形桁
5.根据权利要求书 1所述的一拉得路桥,其特征是路桥每个结构单元的上、下弦杆都相 对独立 ,在结构展拉成形时 ,所有独立的弦杆都自动地排在一字水平线上,整体路桥结构的 上、下弦杆共排列出四条一字水平线,在定位销孔 46中,插入定位销 45 ,用螺母 17紧固全部 带键大锥销 15 ,并轻击插入键 ,再固装标准结点板 9 o
6 .根据权利要求书 1所述的一拉得路桥,其特征是该路桥结构的施工建设可用以下方 法:
(a)用架桥机整体施工,在一拉得结构上固装下层桥面 5、下弦杆间对角线支撑杆 11、单 元横向连杆 4。 (只是施工负荷)和与零杆适当位置上的一根水平杆,一拉得路桥用架桥机将 折叠态 24展拉成形 25后放在桥墩 26上,插入定位销 45 ,并紧固带键大锥销 15、轻击入键,组 装零杆桁架、水平桁架、三角形桁架、上弦杆间对角线支撑杆,固装结点板 9 ,然后就可在下 层桥面上做后续施工 ,直到作业完成;
(b)用吊车 (船)分体施工,将一拉得路桥结构拆分成若干结构稳定的连体双 (N)单元 28 (即包括连体双 (N)单元中的下层桥面 5、上、下弦杆间对角线支撑杆 11、单元横向连杆 40、及 零杆桁架 8、水平桁架 20、三角形桁架 21等己事先安装就位)作为一个小的施工单位,用吊车 (船)进行拼装,连体双 (N)单元间的连接是插入定位锥销 45、插入 12〜 14个标准带键大锥销 15用螺母 17紧固,轻击入键,固装标准结点板 9即可,施工可从桥墩一端始至另一端终,也可 以从两端同时开始 ,中段可准确合拢,在吊车施工过程中,桥梁下方有 2台可移动的液压顶 升结构,一前一后,前后轮换,配合吊车施工,直到桥梁合拢;
(c)用悬索起重机,施工大跨度悬索桥 ,施工是将大跨度悬索桥结构拆分成结构稳定的 连体双 (N)单元结构 28 ,作为一个小施工单位,施工原则上参考吊车施工方法,但无须用液 压顶升结构支撑施工,用桥梁的悬索牵拉即可;
(d)用上述三种方法施工,可以不必架设施工栈桥。
7 .根据权利要求书 1所述的一拉得路桥,其特征在于所述结点盒的构造和成型方法: 结点盒壁厚要 大于与之连接的腹杆、零杆和对角线撑杆的壁厚,结点盒要在工装约束 下制成; 腹杆结点盒有三部分 组成,即两端部结点盒和中部结点盒,三部分用腹杆串联在一起; 零杆只是两端有结点盒 ,以腹杆中部结点盒为例说明其制造方法: 在盒内壁两边各有三块 与盒壁等厚且尺寸规整的内钢板 42、43、44 ,在内钢板平面上的 几何中心开孔 ,孔壁与杆贴合 ,将腹杆插入内钢板 43、44的孔中,在工装约束下将腹杆轴线 与内钢板平面保持垂 直状态下施焊,将内钢板 42先行套在腹杆上,待用,在结点盒中心钻孔 E,在 E孔中固嵌 (施焊)厚壁套管 14之前,借助结点盒上 E孔的空档,将从结点盒两端插入的 内钢板 44与结点盒内壁焊牢,再从 E孔的另一侧将内钢板 43与结点盒内壁焊牢,此时可将厚 壁套管 14与 E孔施焊成一体 ,最后将事先套在腹杆上的内钢板 42与结点盒内壁及腹杆焊牢; 腹杆两端部结 点盒外侧各有一块加厚的内钢板 47 ,也借助结点盒开孔 E留有的空档一 侧和对面的一侧 ,双面与结点盒内壁焊牢,在加厚内钢板 47上加工出锥孔 46; 按图纸在结点盒上开孔 48和孔 49; 零杆结点盒制造方法可参阅上述 。
8 .根据权利要求 1所述的一拉得路桥 ,其特征在于所述的以三个平面一拉得结构为一 组连排结构展拉 ,其中的下层桥面 5、下弦杆间的对角线支撑 n、单元横向连杆 40和零杆适 当位置上固装的水平杆 等已固装其上,随之一起展拉成第一组一拉得路桥空间结构,放在 桥墩上形成 I、 II两条通道,如上,再展拉另一组相同的连排结构组成第二组一拉得路桥空 间结构,放在桥墩上形成了 IV、V两条通道,两组空间结构路桥的之间为第 III条通道;插上 所有定位锥销 45 ,紧固桥梁上两结构中的带键大锥销 15 ,轻击入键,固装结点板 9就可以做 后续施工。
9 .根据权利要求书 1所述的一拉得路桥,其特征是在下弦杆上平行安装有数个标准等 强度箱形结构的下层桥面 5 ,每个下桥面之间要有等距小间隔,两相邻下桥面小间隔之间放 有标准的厚壁止推铁盒,在盒壁两侧面与相邻两桥面之间的侧板上分别用螺栓固定。
10.根据权利要求 1所述的一拉得路桥要做防腐处理 ,其特征是: a.一拉得路桥结构中的所有 管状零件的两端都做封闭,并钻有小孔,以充填泡沫塑料 和油滴后封盖;孔口有密封盖; b .结构中所有零件、部件在制成标准件后,表面可做化学磷化处理; c .一拉得路桥表面适当位置,固嵌多个锌块(条); d .路桥结构施工完成后,可整体喷漆。
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