WO2023054391A1 - 核酸鎖切断方法及び核酸鎖切断装置並びに二本鎖dnaの製造方法及び二本鎖dnaの製造装置 - Google Patents
核酸鎖切断方法及び核酸鎖切断装置並びに二本鎖dnaの製造方法及び二本鎖dnaの製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- nucleic acid
- cleaved
- stranded dna
- dna
- double
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/686—Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for cleaving a nucleic acid chain, a device for cleaving a nucleic acid chain, a method for producing double-stranded DNA, and an apparatus for producing double-stranded DNA.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- Amplification products of template DNA amplified by PCR are blunt-ended as they are, and need to be ligated to host DNA such as plasmid DNA.
- the 3'-end and 5'-end of the amplification product are used as sticky ends (also called sticky ends, protruding ends, etc.), and the host side also forms sticky ends in the same way, and the two are ligated to construct a vector.
- one strand of the double-stranded DNA must be cut at the desired position to create an overhang in the DNA strand.
- 3′-S - Oligonucleotides containing phosphorothiolate linkages were prepared in an automatic DNA synthesizer, the strand containing the 3'-S-phosphorothiolate linkage was chemically cleaved specifically at this site using Ag + (Abstract).
- Non-Patent Document 1 uses silver ions (Ag + ) as a cleaving agent for cleaving single-stranded DNA. Since silver ions have a positive charge, they electrostatically interact with negatively charged functional groups such as DNA phosphate groups and nucleobase moieties, resulting in aggregate formation due to non-specific interactions. However, the yield of the target DNA was low.
- the inventors have conducted extensive research to solve the above problems. As a result, the inventors found that the use of metal nanoparticles instead of metal ions as a cleaving agent improves the efficiency of cleaving the nucleic acid to be cleaved and increases the recovery rate of the target nucleic acid, thus completing the present invention.
- NucA is composed of at least one nucleotide, is part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved
- NucB is composed of at least one nucleotide, is part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and represents the portion on the 3′-terminal side with reference to X.
- the nucleic acid preparation step is characterized by synthesizing part or all of the nucleic acid to be cleaved by a phosphoramidite method using an amidite reagent represented by the following formulas (3) and (4) [ 1].
- B represents a base
- X represents sulfur or selenium
- DMTr represents a dimethoxytrityl group.
- nucleic acid preparation step a part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved is synthesized by a phosphoramidite method as a primer, and a template DNA having a sequence complementary to the nucleic acid to be cleaved is used as a template to perform multiple polymerase chain reactions.
- nucleic acid preparation means for preparing a nucleic acid to be cleaved having a structure represented by the following formula (1); a cleaving means for reacting the nucleic acid to be cleaved with a cleaving agent to cleave the nucleic acid to be cleaved at X in the formula (1) to generate a nucleic acid having a structure represented by the following formula (2); with A nucleic acid chain cleaving device, wherein the cleaving agent is a metal nanoparticle containing an atom selected from the group consisting of silver, mercury and cadmium. (Here, B represents a base, and X represents sulfur or selenium.
- NucA is composed of at least one nucleotide, is part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and is on the 5′ end side with respect to X.
- NucB is composed of at least one nucleotide, is part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and represents the portion on the 3′ end side based on the X.
- the nucleic acid preparation means is characterized by synthesizing part or all of the nucleic acid to be cleaved by a phosphoramidite method using an amidite reagent represented by the following formulas (3) and (4) [ 8].
- B represents a base
- X represents sulfur or selenium
- DMTr represents a dimethoxytrityl group.
- a method for producing double-stranded DNA for producing double-stranded DNA having cohesive ends comprising: A double-stranded DNA to be cleaved, comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand having a sequence complementary to the sense strand, wherein at least one of the sense strand and the antisense strand is represented by the following formula (1) a double-stranded DNA preparation step of preparing a double-stranded DNA to be cleaved having a structure shown; The double-stranded DNA to be cleaved is reacted with a cleaving agent to cleave the sense strand and/or the antisense strand at X in the formula (1) to have a structure represented by the following formula (2).
- a method for producing double-stranded DNA wherein the cleaving agent is a metal nanoparticle containing an atom selected from the group consisting of silver, mercury and cadmium.
- the cleaving agent is a metal nanoparticle containing an atom selected from the group consisting of silver, mercury and cadmium.
- B represents a base
- X represents sulfur or selenium.
- NucA is composed of at least one nucleotide, is part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and is on the 5′ end side with respect to X.
- NucB is composed of at least one nucleotide, is part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and represents the portion on the 3′ end side based on the X.
- a double-stranded DNA to be cleaved comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand having a sequence complementary to the sense strand, wherein at least one of the sense strand and the antisense strand is represented by the following formula (1)
- double-stranded DNA preparation means for preparing a double-stranded DNA to be cleaved having a structure shown;
- the double-stranded DNA to be cleaved is reacted with a cleaving agent to cleave the sense strand and/or the antisense strand at X in the formula (1) to have a structure represented by the following formula (2).
- cleaving agent is a metal nanoparticle containing an atom selected from the group consisting of silver, mercury and cadmium.
- B represents a base
- X represents sulfur or selenium.
- NucA is composed of at least one nucleotide, is part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and is on the 5′ end side with respect to X.
- NucB is composed of at least one nucleotide, is part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and represents the portion on the 3′ end side based on the X.
- double-stranded DNA to be cleaved has a plurality of structures represented by the formula (1), and the number of nucleotides between each structure is 10 or less; double-stranded DNA manufacturing apparatus.
- nucleic acid chain scission method and a nucleic acid chain scission device with good cleavage efficiency and high recovery rate of the target nucleic acid. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing a double-stranded DNA and an apparatus for producing a double-stranded DNA, in which the formation efficiency of the cohesive ends is high and the yield of the double-stranded DNA having the desired cohesive ends is high. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overview of a nucleic acid chain cleavage reaction using metal nanoparticles and a reaction of preparing and ligating double-stranded DNA having cohesive ends.
- FIG. 1 shows synthesis of oligonucleotides with 3′-thiophosphate linkages using a thiolated amidite reagent and analysis results by reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS. It is a figure which shows the result of examination of the DNA strand cleavage reaction by silver nanoparticle treatment, and silver nanoparticle size, reaction time, and reaction temperature dependence. It is a figure which shows the result of the DNA strand scission
- FIG. 1 shows synthesis of oligonucleotides with 3′-thiophosphate linkages using a thiolated amidite reagent and analysis results by reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS. It is
- FIG. 10 shows the results of preparation of 3′ overhang cohesive ends by treating double-stranded short-stranded DNA with silver nanoparticles.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of PCR studies when thiolated oligonucleic acid was introduced into a DNA template. Schematic representation of DNA amplification by PCR and preparation of adherent fragments by BsaI or silver nanoparticle treatment. It is a diagram showing the results of a ligation experiment of adhesive fragments using T4 DNA ligase.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of thiolated oligonucleic acid chain cleavage by silver nitrate treatment, which is an existing technique.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of preparation of 3′ overhang cohesive ends by treating double-stranded short-stranded DNA with silver nanoparticles.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing molecular weight analysis results by MALDI-TOF-MS of cleavage products in thiolated oligonucleic acid chain cleavage by silver nitrate treatment, which is an existing technique.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of examining thiolated oligonucleic acid chain cleavage by silver nitrate treatment and removal of silver ions by addition of thiols, which are existing techniques.
- Fig. 2 shows removal of silver nanoparticles by centrifugation (nanoparticle size dependence). Comparison of silver nitrate treatment and silver nanoparticle treatment in thiolated oligonucleic acid strand cleavage.
- Lane 1 is a diagram showing the result of electrophoresis of DNA (15mer) 5'-CACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3' having the same base length as DNA generated after cleavage.
- FIG. 4 shows that surface PEG modification of silver nanoparticles improves dispersibility.
- FIG. 4 shows that surface PEG modification improved the dispersibility of silver nanoparticles.
- FIG. 3 shows the sequence design of DNA ligation reaction using silver nanoparticles to generate cohesive ends by DNA strand scission.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of examining optimization of coupling conditions in dimer model synthesis aiming at improving reaction conditions for 3′-thiolated amidites. Fig.
- FIG. 3 is an experimental result showing the effect of reaction time when using 0.25 M BTTH (13 equivalents) in dimer model synthesis.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a presumed mechanism of side reactions in coupling reactions clarified in dimer model synthesis. The results of applying the optimized reaction conditions for dimer synthesis to oligo DNA synthesis and improving the conditions are shown.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of synthesizing an oligo DNA (sequence: 5'-TAA TsCATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3') examined for synthesis under optimized coupling conditions.
- FIG. 2 shows the result of synthesizing a 51-base-long oligo DNA (5'-ATGAACGCCGAGTTsAACGCCATCAAAATsAATTCGCGTCTGGCCTTCCTsG-3') into which three 3' thiophosphate bonds were introduced.
- FIG. 4 shows sequences of primer DNAs for PCR into which 4 and 2 3′-thiophosphate bonds have been introduced and the synthesis results thereof.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of synthesis of 3'-thiophosphorylated oligo DNA (5'-TAACAs CACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3') synthesized using 3'-thiolated amidite adenosine derivatives.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of examining the adjustment of 3'-overhang cohesive ends by cleaving 3'-thiophosphate-bound DNA containing an adenosine analogue with silver nanoparticles.
- FIG. 2 shows experimental designs and sequences for cohesive-end adjustment and ligation when using primers into which multiple modifications have been introduced.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing adhesive end adjustment and ligation reaction using multiple modified introduction primers, and a diagram showing the results of agarose electrophoresis of PCR products. It is the result of comparing the ligation efficiency with the ligation of 34-base-long sticky-end DNAs obtained by cleaving a PCR amplification product at multiple sites.
- the method for cleaving a nucleic acid strand of the present invention comprises a nucleic acid preparation step of preparing a nucleic acid to be cleaved having a structure represented by the following formula (1), and reacting the nucleic acid to be cleaved with a cleaving agent to obtain X of formula (1).
- B represents a base
- X represents sulfur or selenium.
- NucA is composed of at least one nucleotide, is a part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and represents the part on the 5′ end side with respect to X.
- NucB is composed of at least one nucleotide, is a part of the nucleic acid to be cleaved, and represents the part on the 3′ end side with reference to X.
- base B specifically includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, N-methyladenine, N-benzoyladenine, 2-methylthioadenine, 2-aminoadenine, 7-methylguanine, N-iso butyrylguanine, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-bromocytosine, 5-methylcytosine, 4-N-methylcytosine, 4-N,N-dimethylcytosine, 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil, or 5,6-dihydrouracil and the like can be mentioned.
- the cleaving agent is a metal nanoparticle containing atoms selected from the group consisting of silver, mercury and cadmium. Silver is particularly preferred as the cleaving agent from the viewpoints of low toxicity and low cost.
- X in formula (1) of the nucleic acid to be cleaved is preferably sulfur.
- the average particle size of the metal nanoparticles is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, and particularly preferably 20 nm or less, from the viewpoint of high efficiency of cleaving the target nucleic acid.
- the lower limit of the average particle size of the metal nanoparticles is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.1 nm or more, preferably 0.5 nm or more, and more preferably 1 nm or more.
- the metal nanoparticles are preferably surface-treated with polyethylene glycol to bind polyethylene glycol to the surface.
- polyethylene glycol By bonding polyethylene glycol to the surface of the metal nanoparticles, the oxidation of the surfaces of the metal nanoparticles is prevented and the dispersibility of the metal nanoparticles in the aqueous solution is improved. Therefore, compared with metal nanoparticles not surface-treated with polyethylene glycol, the metal nanoparticles surface-treated with polyethylene glycol have improved cleaving activity for nucleic acids to be cleaved.
- Polyethylene glycol can be conjugated to metal nanoparticles using terminal thiol modifications.
- the average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 10,000.
- FIG. 1 Nucleic acid chain cleavage reaction by metal nanoparticles [Step_1]”) schematically shows the nucleic acid chain cleavage method of the present invention.
- X in formula (1) is sulfur
- the cleaving agent is silver nanoparticles
- the nucleic acid to be cleaved thiolated oligonucleic acid
- the invention is not so limited.
- the target nucleic acid can be cleaved by the same mechanism.
- the nucleic acid preparation step is a step of preparing a nucleic acid to be cleaved having a structure represented by formula (1).
- amidite reagents represented by the following formulas (3) and (4) can be used to synthesize part or all of the nucleic acid to be cleaved by the phosphoramidite method.
- B represents a base
- X represents sulfur or selenium
- DMTr represents a dimethoxytrityl group.
- the amidite reagent represented by formula (3) (thioated amidite reagent or selenized amidite reagent) can be synthesized by the following method. First, a nucleoside derivative is prepared in which the amino group of a base is protected with an amide bond and the 5' carbon is protected with a dimethoxytrityl group (DMTr group) or a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group (TBDMS group).
- DMTr group dimethoxytrityl group
- TDMS group tert-butyldimethylsilyl group
- this nucleoside derivative is reacted with triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ), diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) or the like to stereoinvert the 3′ hydroxyl group, and the 3′ hydroxyl group is reacted with thiobenzoic acid or selenobenzoic acid.
- Ph 3 triphenylphosphine
- DIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylate
- benzoic acid is hydrolyzed with an alkali to obtain nucleosides in which the oxygen of the 3' hydroxyl group of the nucleoside derivative is substituted with sulfur or selenium.
- an amidite such as 2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite is reacted to obtain the desired amidite reagent.
- the nucleic acid to be cleaved is prepared using a thiolated or selenized amidite reagent represented by formula (3) and a normal (that is, not thiolated or selenized) amidite reagent represented by formula (4). , can be synthesized using a known automatic nucleic acid synthesizer. By synthesizing a nucleic acid of a desired sequence with an amidite reagent represented by formula (4), and using an amidite reagent represented by formula (3) at a target position, a thiolated or selenized nucleotide is obtained at the desired position. A nucleic acid to be cleaved at a position can be synthesized.
- Activating agents include 1H-tetrazole (1H-tet), 5-benzylthio-1H-tetrazole (BTT), 4,5-dicyanoimidazole (DCI), 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ]-1H-tetrazole (BTTH) and the like.
- BTTH is the most preferable because it reduces the amount of by-products (dithiolates) produced and provides a good yield of the target nucleic acid to be cleaved.
- the coupling time is preferably in the range of 60 to 120 seconds, and the coupling reaction can be performed multiple times (for example, 2 to 7 times) during this coupling time, thereby increasing the yield. is preferable from the viewpoint of improvement of
- the full-length nucleic acid to be cleaved can be synthesized using the above-mentioned automatic nucleic acid synthesizer.
- the full-length nucleic acid to be cleaved can be synthesized. That is, by PCR, the nucleic acid to be cleaved is generated by extending the primer along the template DNA.
- the number of nucleotides constituting the primer can be appropriately set according to the purpose, and can be, for example, 5mer or more and 50mer or less.
- a vector or the like can be constructed by forming a sticky end in the nucleic acid to be cleaved of the present invention and ligating it with another DNA strand having a sticky end.
- the length of the single-stranded DNA on the protruding side of the cohesive end is long, for example, 20 bases or more, it is possible to introduce the structure represented by the above formula (1) at multiple sites on the complementary strand side. preferable.
- the number of nucleotides nt (number of bases: b) between the structures of formula (1) is preferably 15 or less, and 10 or less. is more preferable. When the number of nucleotides is 15 or less, dissociation of the DNA fragment after strand cleavage by the metal nanoparticles is accelerated, and ligation efficiency tends to be high.
- the cleavage step the nucleic acid to be cleaved is reacted with a cleaving agent to cleave the nucleic acid to be cleaved at X in formula (1) to generate a nucleic acid having a structure represented by formula (2) below.
- the target nucleic acid thiolated oligonucleic acid
- FIG. 1 the target nucleic acid (thiolated oligonucleic acid) is cleaved using silver nanoparticles. becomes.
- the cutting agent is preferably used in the form of a dispersion in which metal nanoparticles are dispersed.
- the cleavage reaction is preferably carried out at 70° C. or higher, more preferably 90° C. or higher, particularly preferably 95° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of high cleavage activity.
- the upper limit of the cleavage reaction temperature is not particularly limited, and is preferably 100° C. or lower.
- the reaction time of the cleavage reaction can be appropriately set according to the reaction temperature, and the higher the reaction temperature, the shorter the reaction time can be set.
- the reaction time is preferably in the range of 5 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less.
- the nucleic acid chain cleaving apparatus of the present invention is a device for carrying out the above-described method for cleaving a nucleic acid chain.
- the nucleic acid chain cleaving device comprises a nucleic acid preparation means for preparing a nucleic acid to be cleaved having a structure represented by the formula (1), and a nucleic acid to be cleaved and a cleaving agent to react with the nucleic acid to be cleaved at the portion X in the formula (1).
- Nucleic acid adjusting means include amidite reagents represented by the following formulas (3) and (4), automatic nucleic acid synthesizers, and various reagents used for nucleic acid synthesis.
- amidite reagents represented by the following formulas (3) and (4)
- automatic nucleic acid synthesizers and various reagents used for nucleic acid synthesis.
- template DNAs template DNAs
- PCR devices reagents used for PCR, etc. are also included in nucleic acid adjusting means.
- the cleaving means includes the nucleic acid to be cleaved synthesized by the nucleic acid adjusting means, the above-mentioned cleaving agent, various devices (such as an incubator) for carrying out the cleavage reaction of the nucleic acid to be cleaved by the cleaving agent, various reagents used in the reaction, and the like. .
- a method for producing double-stranded DNA having cohesive ends will be described.
- cohesive ends are formed at one or both ends of the double-stranded DNA.
- a double-stranded DNA preparation step is performed.
- a double-stranded DNA to be cleaved consisting of a sense strand and an antisense strand is prepared.
- the antisense strand has a sequence complementary to the sense strand described above.
- At least one of the sense strand and the antisense strand has a structure represented by formula (1).
- the lower part of FIG. 1 shows the case where both the sense strand and the antisense strand each have the structure of formula (1). In this way, by introducing the structure of formula (1) into both strands, a DNA having cohesive ends at both ends can be generated in the cohesive end-generating step described later.
- the cohesive end generating step is performed ("[Step_1] Strand scission" in Fig. 1).
- the double-stranded DNA to be cleaved is reacted with a cleaving agent to cleave the sense strand and/or the antisense strand at the X portion of formula (1).
- a double-stranded DNA having a structure represented by formula (2) and having cohesive ends is produced.
- Cutting conditions and the like are as described in the above "(2) Cutting step".
- the apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for carrying out the above-described method for producing double-stranded DNA having cohesive ends.
- the double-stranded DNA preparation means for preparing the double-stranded DNA to be cleaved and the double-stranded DNA to be cleaved and the cleaving agent are reacted to have a structure represented by the formula (2) and adhere cohesive end generating means for generating double-stranded DNA having ends.
- the cohesive end-generating means includes nucleic acids to be cleaved synthesized by the nucleic acid adjusting means, cleaving agents, various devices such as incubators, and various reagents, as described in the above "cleaving means”.
- cleaving agent metal nanoparticles are used instead of conventionally used metal ions, so that DNA, which is a cleavage product, can be recovered while maintaining a high cleaving activity equivalent to that of metal ions.
- the rate is higher, and cohesive ends can be formed efficiently.
- DNAs having such cohesive ends can be ligated freely.
- a cohesive end common to both the target DNA and the vector is formed with a cleaving agent, and these are ligated to prepare a recombinant DNA, which is used for cloning, library construction, construction of a large-scale expression system, and the like. be able to.
- a genome build-up reaction can be performed in a test tube (see “Step_2" at the bottom of FIG. 1).
- genome build-up reaction can also be performed in cells by introducing double-stranded DNA in a blunt-ended state into cells and performing deprotection treatment in cells.
- obtained as 2.3 g (3.0 mmol) of the obtained compound 4A was weighed and deoxygenated by argon bubbling for 30 minutes. .0 mmol), and stirred at -10°C for 30 minutes under argon bubbling.
- the reaction was terminated by slowly dropping a 1 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution (38 mL, 19 mmol) to the reaction solution.
- 2-cyanoethyl N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (1.1 mL, 3.5 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the reaction solution was diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL) and then washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (50 mL). After drying the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off using a rotary evaporator.
- the obtained 2'-keto compound was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (260 mL) and stirred at -78°C for 30 minutes. Subsequently, a 1M L-selectride/tetrahydrofuran solution (40 mL, 40 mmol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at -78°C for 16 hours. A saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution (50 mL) was added to the reaction solution to terminate the reaction, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. After drying the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off using a rotary evaporator.
- triethylamine hydrogen trifluoride (16 ml, 100 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours.
- reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (300 mL) and saturated brine (300 ml).
- organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off using a rotary evaporator to obtain 1.7 g of compound 6G as a white solid.
- 5-(Ethylthio)-1H-tetrazole (0.34 g, 2.6 mmol) was added to the obtained compound 6G (1.7 g, 2.6 mmol) and dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL).
- 2-cyanoethyl N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (1.3 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the reaction solution was diluted with dichloromethane (300 mL) and washed twice with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (300 mL). After drying the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off using a rotary evaporator.
- 0.3 M BTT was used as activator and 0.05 M iodine (pyridine/water; v/v: 9/1) solution was used as oxidant.
- 6-FAM-glycerol support 500 ⁇ (manufactured by ChemGenes) was used as a solid-phase carrier to introduce FAM at the 3' end. Synthesis was set to Final DMTr-ON and removed leaving the DMTr group on the 5'-terminal hydroxyl group. After completion of the synthesis, concentrated aqueous ammonia (500 ⁇ L) and 40% methylamine aqueous solution (500 ⁇ L) were added to the solid phase carrier, and the solid phase carrier was treated at 65° C.
- oligonucleotide was redissolved in super deionized water, and the concentration was calculated by measuring the absorption at 260 nm.
- MALDI-TOF molecular weight measurement of oligonucleotides was performed using 3-hydroxypicolinic acid as a matrix and using UltrafleXtreme (manufactured by Bruker) in linear positive mode.
- FIG. 2 shows the synthesis of oligonucleotides having a 3'-thiophosphate bond using a thiolated amidite reagent (compound 5T) and the analysis results by reversed-phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS.
- (a) of the figure is a 20-base-long oligodeoxyribonucleotide 5'-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3' having a 3'-thiophosphoric acid bond between the 4th and 5th bases from the 5' side using compound 5T. was synthesized and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC.
- HPLC analysis conditions are as follows.
- the main peak seen near the retention time of 18.8 minutes is the 20-mer target DNA, and the DMTr group remains as the 5'-hydroxyl-protecting group.
- some products whose synthesis was stopped at the stage of introduction of compound 5T were also observed around the retention time of 12.7 to 13.5 minutes. It was possible to separate into By fractionating the peak near the retention time of 18.8 minutes, the 5'-DMTr protected form of the target DNA was obtained.
- (c) of the figure shows the results of MALDI-TOF-MS molecular weight analysis of the DNA obtained above. As a result, a peak at m/z 6650.7 derived from the target product was observed.
- DNA strand cleavage reaction by metal nanoparticles of thiolated oligonucleic acid (1) Silver nanoparticle size of DNA strand cleavage reaction by silver nanoparticle treatment (a) Silver nanoparticle treatment 3 ⁇ M PS-modified DNA (5′-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM- 3′) was measured to 10 ⁇ L, 50 ⁇ L of silver nanoparticle dispersion (10 nm, 0.02 mg/mL) was added, and incubated at 37° C. for 31 hours. 20 ⁇ L of the reaction solution was measured and 20 ⁇ L of 2x loading buffer was added. After heat treatment at 95° C.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of examination of DNA strand scission reaction by silver nanoparticle treatment and the dependence of silver nanoparticle size and reaction time/reaction temperature.
- (a) of the figure shows the results of silver nanoparticle size dependence of DNA strand scission by silver nanoparticles.
- Strand cleavage of 20mer DNA 5′-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3′ to form 15mer DNA 5′-pCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3′ was analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis using 10 nm, 20 nm and 100 nm silver nanoparticles. Ts indicates a 3'-thiolated thymidine base.
- FAM is introduced as a fluorescent dye at the 3' end. It is designed so that phosphate (p) remains at the 5' end of the 15-mer DNA after cleavage.
- the cleavage reaction was carried out at 37°C for 31 hours. From the gel band intensity analysis by FAM-derived fluorescence detection, the cleavage efficiency when using silver nanoparticles of 10 nm, 20 nm, and 100 nm was 35.9%, 21.9%, and 13.1%, respectively, and the nanoparticle size was large. It was found that the cutting efficiency decreased as the
- (b) of the figure shows the reaction time and reaction temperature dependence of DNA strand scission by silver nanoparticles.
- a 20-mer DNA strand scission reaction was performed at 70°C or 95°C using 10 nm silver nanoparticles. The reaction was carried out for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, and each reaction solution was analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis. From the gel band intensity analysis by FAM-derived fluorescence detection, the cleavage efficiency at each temperature and time was calculated. The reaction time was plotted against the cleavage efficiency on the vertical axis.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of improving the DNA strand scission activity by modifying the surface of the silver nanoparticles with a polymer.
- (a) of the figure is a schematic diagram showing the surface of the polymer-modified silver nanoparticles. It was modified with a terminal thiol-modified polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 5,000.
- Surface-modified nanoparticles can be easily prepared by mixing any amount of polymer with commercially available silver nanoparticle dispersions. It is also possible to control the amount of modification by adjusting the amount of polymer added.
- (b) of the figure shows the results of comparing the DNA strand scission activity of 1 nm silver nanoparticles with and without surface modification.
- PEG-SH in the figure indicates polyethylene glycol with a terminal thiol.
- the reaction was carried out at 37° C. for 31 hours, the reaction solution was analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis, the band intensity analysis of the gel was performed by FAM-derived fluorescence detection, and the cleavage efficiency was calculated.
- the cleavage efficiency was 35.9%
- the cleavage activity was 91.8%, showing surface PEG modification. significantly improved the cleavage activity. This effect of improving the cleavage activity is explained by the PEG modification, which prevents the surface oxidation of silver nanoparticles and improves the dispersibility in an aqueous solution.
- (c) of the figure shows the results of reaction time dependence of DNA strand scission using 1 nm surface PEG-modified silver nanoparticles.
- the reaction was carried out at 50° C. for 15, 30, and 60 minutes, and each reaction solution was analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis, and the cleavage efficiency at each reaction time was calculated from the gel band intensity analysis by FAM-derived fluorescence detection.
- an improvement in the chain scission efficiency depending on the reaction time was observed, and 90% or more cleavage was observed 60 minutes after the start of the reaction. From this result, by modifying the surface of commercially available silver nanoparticles with PEG, highly efficient DNA strand scission became possible under relatively mild temperature conditions.
- a terminal thiol PEG aqueous solution (23.9 g/L) was added to 50 ⁇ L of a commercially available silver nanoparticle dispersion (manufactured by Sigma-aldrich, 10 nm, 0.02 mg/mL). was prepared by adding 30 ⁇ L of the reaction solution was measured and 30 ⁇ L of 2x loading buffer was added. After heat treatment at 95° C. for 5 minutes, analysis was performed by 15% denaturing acrylamide electrophoresis (10 ⁇ 12 cm, 30 mA, 20 minutes, 6 ⁇ L applied, containing 7.5 M urea). A gel electrophoresis image was acquired using a gel image analyzer (manufactured by BioRad) by FAM-derived fluorescence detection.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of preparation of 3′ overhang cohesive ends by treating short double-stranded DNA with silver nanoparticles.
- Cleavage of 20-mer duplex DNA with 3′-SP linkages was performed using 1 nm surface PEG-modified silver nanoparticles.
- the SP bond was positioned between the 5th and 6th bases from the 5' end, and was designed so that a cohesive end protruding by 5 bases could be prepared upon cleavage.
- the reaction was carried out at 50° C. for 15, 30, and 60 minutes, and each reaction solution was analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis, and the cleavage efficiency at each reaction time was calculated from the gel band intensity analysis by FAM-derived fluorescence detection.
- DNA was amplified by performing 30 cycles of denaturation (95°C, 15 seconds)-annealing (55°C, 15 seconds)-strand elongation (68°C, 30 seconds).
- the PCR product was purified using a wizard column (manufactured by Promega) according to the manufacturer's recommended protocol to obtain thiolated DNA.
- the SP bond was cleaved by treating at 50° C. for 2 to 4 hours to remove the sticky terminal. was prepared.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of PCR studies when the thiolated oligonucleic acid was introduced into the DNA template.
- the 3′ ends were annealed, and polymerase extension reactions were performed using various polymerases (KOD-Pkus-Neo, PrimeSTAR HS, Phusion High Fidelity, Q5 High Fidelity, Deep Vent, Taq DNA polymerase).
- extension terminates at the 3'-SP modification site, a 4- or 5-base extension product from the 22-mer primer is generated.
- the 3'-SP modified site is successfully extended, a full-length 41-mer DNA is produced.
- the reaction solution was analyzed by 20% denaturing gel electrophoresis (containing 7.5 M urea, 20 x 22 cm, 20 W, 2 hours), and a gel image analyzer (manufactured by BioRad) using fluorescence detection derived from 5'-FAM. Bands were visualized.
- any polymerase was used, a full-length 41-mer DNA-derived band was observed, and no extension termination product at the 3'-SP modification site was observed. From this, it was clarified that DNA introduced with 3'-SP modification can function as a primer.
- Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of DNA amplification by PCR and preparation of adhesive fragments by BsaI or silver nanoparticle treatment.
- (a) of the figure shows the result of preparation of 4-base overhang cohesive ends using the restriction enzyme BsaI.
- (b) of the figure shows the result of preparation of 8-base overhang cohesive ends using 3'-SP bond cleavage by silver nanoparticle treatment.
- Silver nanoparticles of 10 nm size with surface PEG modification were used.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of ligation experiments of adhesive fragments using T4 DNA ligase.
- two adhesive fragment DNAs prepared by silver nanoparticle treatment or restriction enzyme BsaI treatment as a control experiment were ligated with T4 DNA ligase and subjected to 1% agarol gel electrophoresis (electrophoresis buffer: 1x TBE, 100V , 30 min). The reaction was carried out at 25° C. for 3 hours, and the PCR product DNA was treated with silver nanoparticles for 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. did. The gel results confirmed the formation of a ligation product of 838 bp under all ligation conditions.
- (b) of the figure shows a graph showing the ligation efficiency of the product at each silver nanoparticle treatment time and the product by BsaI treatment.
- the amount of ligation product increased with increasing silver nanoparticle treatment time.
- the ligation of DNA fragments prepared by silver nanoparticle treatment for 240 minutes showed higher ligation efficiency than the ligation of DNA fragments prepared by BsaI treatment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of thiolated oligonucleic acid chain cleavage by silver nitrate treatment, which is an existing technique.
- Silver nitrate treatment of the 20mer PS-DNA 5'-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3' to generate the 15mer DNA 5'-pCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3' strand cleavage product was analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis. It is designed to leave a phosphate (p) at the 5' end of the 15mer DNA after cleavage.
- Gel band intensity analysis by FAM-derived fluorescence detection showed that 90% or more of the DNA was cleaved 5 minutes after the start of the reaction.
- MALDI-TOF-MS molecular weight analysis was carried out using 3-hydroxypicolinic acid as a matrix and measured in linear negative mode with UltraFleXtreme (manufactured by Bruker). The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows molecular weight analysis results by MALDI-TOF-MS of cleavage products in thiolated oligonucleic acid chain cleavage by silver nitrate treatment, which is an existing technique.
- (a) of the figure shows the sequences of the cleavage target DNA (41mer) 5'-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTsGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3' and its cleavage product DNA fragment.
- the 5'-fragment (15mer) side becomes 3'-SH (5'-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTs-3'), and the 3'-fragment (26mer) is 5'- It is designed to be a phosphate (5'-pGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3', p indicates a phosphate group).
- (b) of the figure is a diagram showing MALDI-TOF-MS molecular weight analysis of the cleavage reaction solution by silver nitrate treatment.
- the target DNA fragment was produced because peaks corresponding to the molecular weights of 466.2 and 8040.2 of the 5'-fragment (15mer) and 3'-fragment (26mer) produced by cleavage were observed.
- (c) of the figure is an enlarged view of the MALDI-TOF-MS spectral peak region derived from the 5'-fragment (15mer) of the cleavage product by silver nitrate treatment.
- (d) of the figure is an enlarged view of the MALDI-TOF-MS spectrum peak region derived from the 3'-fragment (26mer) of the cleavage product by silver nitrate treatment.
- Figures (c) and (d) indicate that the cleavage product exists in the form of multiple silver ions added to the phosphate binding site.
- peaks having cluster-like molecular weight distributions with different silver ion addition numbers were detected.
- the mixture was diluted with super-deionized water (160 ⁇ L) and incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. Subsequently, a precipitate derived from silver ions was removed by centrifugation (15,000 rpm, 15 minutes). The supernatant was recovered and concentrated using an ultrafiltration centrifugal filter (Amicon Ultra 3K, manufactured by Merck) according to the manufacturer's recommended protocol.
- the amount of recovered product was calculated by quantifying the cleaved product of the concentrated sample solution by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm derived from the nucleic acid using NanoDrop.
- ⁇ 260 250,000 L ⁇ mol ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 , was used to quantify DNA by Lambert-Beer law.
- Fig. 11 shows the results of examining the existing technology of scission of thiolated oligonucleic acid chains by silver nitrate treatment and removal of silver ions by addition of thiols.
- As the cleavage target DNA 41mer 5'-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTsGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3' was used, and as shown in the figure, it was cleaved at the 3'-SP binding site and 5'-fragment (15mer) 5'-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTs-3') and 3'-fragment (26mer) 5'-pGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3' are generated designs.
- SYBR Green II was used for DNA staining by gel analysis, and the bands on the gel were visualized by fluorescence detection derived from SYBR Green II bound to DNA.
- a band derived from dimerization of the thiol site of the 5'-fragment by disulfide bond was observed along with the cleavage products 5'-fragment and 3'-fragment.
- the band derived from dimerization had almost the same mobility as the 41-mer 5'-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTsGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3' of the raw material cleavage target DNA, and was difficult to distinguish, but the gel band was cut out and DNA was extracted from the gel piece. After that, as a result of MALDI-TOF-MS molecular weight analysis of the extract, it was found to be a 5'-fragment dimer.
- Silver nanoparticles are known to exhibit absorption over a range of 350 to 700 nm depending on the particle size due to the surface plasmon resonance effect. Therefore, by acquiring the absorption spectrum of the dispersion, the amount of nanoparticles present in the dispersion can be estimated from the absorbance.
- the silver nanoparticle dispersion diluted with super deionized water 700 ⁇ L was transferred to an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 1 hour to precipitate the nanoparticles. After transferring to a cell (optical path length: 1 cm, optical path width: 1 cm), the absorption spectrum was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing removal of silver nanoparticles by centrifugation (nanoparticle size dependence).
- (a) of the figure shows the results when using silver nanoparticles with a particle size of 10 nm.
- (b) of the figure shows the results when silver nanoparticles with a particle size of 20 nm were used.
- (c) of the figure shows the results when silver nanoparticles with a particle size of 100 nm were used.
- the blue spectrum in the figure is derived from the 0.01 mg/mL silver nanoparticle dispersion.
- the orange spectrum in the figure is the result of centrifuging the nanoparticle dispersion liquid at 15,000 rpm for 1 hour to precipitate the nanoparticles, and collecting and measuring the resulting supernatant.
- the silver nanoparticle dispersion with a particle size of 10 nm was 29.9%
- the silver nanoparticle dispersion with a particle size of 20 nm was 82.4%
- the silver nanoparticle dispersion with a particle size of 100 nm was almost 100%.
- a decrease in absorbance near ⁇ 500 nm was observed.
- silver nanoparticles with a particle size of 10 to 100 nm can be removed from the reaction solution as a precipitate by centrifugation.
- the larger the size of silver nanoparticles the easier it is to remove them from the reaction system by centrifugation, and that nanoparticles with a particle size of 20 nm or more can be removed by centrifugation.
- This mixture (80 ⁇ L) was diluted with super-deionized water (20 ⁇ L), mixed well, and centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 1 hour to remove precipitates. The supernatant was collected and concentrated using an ultrafiltration centrifugal filter (Amicon Ultra 3K, Merck) according to the manufacturer's recommended protocol. The amount of recovered product was calculated by quantifying the cleaved product of the concentrated sample solution by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm derived from the nucleic acid using NanoDrop. The concentrated sample solution was diluted with super-deionized water to prepare a 0.50 ⁇ M aqueous solution. 5 ⁇ L of 0.50 ⁇ M cleavage product solution was measured and mixed with 2 ⁇ loading buffer (5 ⁇ L).
- the amount of recovered product was calculated by quantifying the cleaved product of the concentrated sample solution by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm derived from the nucleic acid using NanoDrop.
- the concentrated sample solution was diluted with super-deionized water to prepare a 0.50 ⁇ M aqueous solution.
- 5 ⁇ L of 0.50 ⁇ M cleavage product solution was measured and mixed with 2 ⁇ loading buffer (5 ⁇ L).
- analysis was performed by 15% denaturing acrylamide gel electrophoresis (10 ⁇ 12 cm, 30 mA, 20 minutes, 5 ⁇ L applied, containing 7.5 M urea).
- a gel migration image was obtained using a gel image analyzer (manufactured by BioRad) by FAM-derived fluorescence detection. The results are shown in FIG.
- Fig. 13 shows a comparison between silver nitrate treatment and silver nanoparticle treatment in thiolated oligonucleic acid chain cleavage.
- Lane 1 is the result of electrophoresis of DNA (15mer) 5'-CACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3' having the same base length as the DNA generated after cleavage.
- Lane 2 is the result of migration of cleaved target DNA (20mer) 5'-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3'. Ts in the sequence indicates a 3'-thiolated thymidine base.
- FAM is introduced as a fluorescent dye at the 3' end.
- Lane 3 is the result of electrophoresis of the reaction product when thiolated oligonucleic acid chain cleavage was performed using silver nanoparticles with a particle size of 100 nm.
- the reaction was performed by incubating at 90° C. for 25 hours after adding silver nanoparticles.
- the silver nanoparticles in the reaction solution were removed as precipitates by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 1 hour, and then subjected to electrophoresis.
- the results showed that almost all of the cleavage target DNA (20mer) disappeared and was converted to the cleavage product DNA (15mer) (89.6%).
- Lane 4 is the result of electrophoresis of the reaction product when thiolated oligonucleic acid chain cleavage was performed using silver nitrate.
- the reaction was performed by incubating at room temperature for 1.5 hours after adding silver nitrate. After removing silver ions in the reaction solution as a precipitate by adding DTT, electrophoresis was performed. The results showed that the cleavage target DNA (20mer) was cleaved and converted to cleavage product DNA (15mer) (98.7%).
- the above is a table showing a comparison of the recovery amount of cleavage product DNA between silver nitrate treatment and silver nanoparticle treatment.
- silver nitrate treatment the amount of DNA contained in the supernatant after removal of silver ion precipitation by the addition of DTT was quantified by measuring the absorbance of DNA origin at 260 nm.
- silver nanoparticle treatment the silver nanoparticles were removed as a precipitate by centrifugation, and then the amount of DNA contained in the supernatant was quantified by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm derived from DNA.
- the absorption spectrum of the silver nanoparticle dispersion without surface modification was obtained by measuring 350 ⁇ L of a dispersion of silver nanoparticles having a particle size of 20 nm (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, 0.02 mg/mL sodium citrate aqueous solution), and adding super deionized water ( 1050 ⁇ L), and then measured using a quartz cell (optical path length: 1 cm, optical path width: 1 cm).
- the absorption spectrum of the silver nanoparticle dispersion without surface modification in the presence of buffers and salts was obtained by measuring 350 ⁇ L of a silver nanoparticle dispersion with a particle diameter of 20 nm (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, 0.02 mg/mL sodium citrate aqueous solution). After diluting with super deionized water (630 ⁇ L), a sample was prepared by adding 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.3) (140 ⁇ L), 500 mM potassium chloride aqueous solution (140 ⁇ L), and 15 mM magnesium chloride aqueous solution (140 ⁇ L), It was measured using a quartz cell (optical path length: 1 cm, optical path width: 1 cm).
- the absorption spectrum of the surface PEG-modified silver nanoparticle dispersion was obtained by measuring 350 ⁇ L of a dispersion of silver nanoparticles having a particle diameter of 20 nm (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, 0.02 mg/mL sodium citrate aqueous solution) and measuring 23.9 g/ L-terminal thiolated PEG (O-[2-(3-mercaptopropionylamino)ethyl]-O'-methylpolyethylene glycol, average molecular weight 5,000, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) aqueous solution (140 ⁇ L) was added, followed by super desorption.
- the apparatus used for the measurement is an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer V-650 manufactured by JASCO Corporation.
- the measurement conditions were data interval: 0.5 nm, bandwidth: 1.0 nm, response: medium, scanning speed: 100 nm/min. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing that surface PEG modification of silver nanoparticles improved dispersibility.
- the blue spectrum in the figure is an absorption spectrum derived from a commercially available silver nanoparticle dispersion, and a maximum absorption was observed at 396 nm.
- Tris-hydrochloride buffer pH 8.3
- Tris-hydrochloride buffer pH 8.3
- ligation by DNA ligase and potassium chloride and magnesium chloride aqueous solutions as salts were added to this nanoparticle dispersion, and as shown in the red spectrum, Absorption around 396 nm disappeared.
- a sample was prepared by adding an aqueous PEG4000 solution (140 ⁇ L) and measured using a quartz cell (optical path length: 1 cm, optical path width: 1 cm).
- the absorption spectrum in the presence of buffers and salts was measured by measuring 350 ⁇ L of a dispersion of silver nanoparticles with a particle size of 20 nm (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, 0.02 mg/mL sodium citrate aqueous solution) and adding super deionized water (490 ⁇ L).
- FIG. 15 is a diagram to prove that the thiol group of the surface-modifying PEG is important for the interaction with the silver nanoparticles, and that surface PEG modification improved the dispersibility of the silver nanoparticles.
- silver nanoparticles particle size 20 nm
- thiol-unmodified PEG4000 average molecular weight 2700 to 3300, manufactured by Fujifilm-Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the behavior in the dispersion liquid was analyzed by absorption spectrum measurement.
- the blue spectrum in the figure shows the absorption behavior of a dispersion obtained by adding 1.58 g/L of PEG4000 to a silver nanoparticle dispersion.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the sequence design of a DNA ligation reaction that utilizes the generation of cohesive ends by DNA strand scission by silver nanoparticles.
- the total length of the ligation product DNA is 848 base pairs
- two types of DNA primers Rev for F1: 5'-AGCGCCATsTCGCCATTCAGG-3' and Fw for F1: 5'-ATGGCGCTsTTGCCTGGTTTC-3 having 3'-SP bonds indicated by Ts 'By using ', DNA fragments of 298 base pairs and 558 base pairs, respectively, are amplified by PCR, and the resulting PCR amplification products are treated with silver nanoparticles to prepare cohesive ends with 8 bases protruding on the 5'-side. It has become.
- the red underlined portion (ATGGCGCT) in the ligation product sequence corresponds to the sequence of the 8-base overhang.
- DNAs of 298 base pairs and 558 base pairs after PCR amplification are treated with silver nanoparticles and then ligated with T4 DNA ligase to synthesize a ligated product DNA of full length 848 base pairs.
- Two kinds of DNA primers Rev for F1: 5'-AGCGCCATsTCGCCATTCAGG-3' and Fw for F1: 5'-ATGGCGCTsTTGCCTGGTTTC-3' were synthesized by an automatic nucleic acid synthesizer.
- FIG. 17 shows the results of analyzing the production yield of the target dimer by studying various activating agents, the concentrations of the activating agents, and the coupling time in dimer model synthesis.
- activating agents 1H-tetrazole (1H-tet), 5-benzylthio-1H-tetrazole (BTT), 4,5-dicyanoimidazole (DCI), 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] -1H-tetrazole (BTTH) was used.
- the yield of the target product is obtained by comparing the integral ratio of the signal derived from the 3'-thiolated amidite of the starting material (around 160 ppm), the signal derived from the target product (190 ppm), and the signal derived from the by-product (dithiolate form: around 140 ppm) by phosphorus NMR analysis. It was calculated by As a result, when 1H-tet was used, the yield of the target product was 1.4% (entry 1), but by using the more acidic BTT, the yield improved to 19%. (Entry 2). There was no change in BTT and yield when DCI, a more nucleophilic activator, was used (entry 3).
- the yield improved to 66% using BTTH with high acidity (entry 4).
- BTTH is the optimum activating agent
- the concentration of BTTH was increased from 0.02 M to 0.25 M, and the reaction proceeded almost quantitatively in a reaction time of 2 minutes (entry 5).
- the yield of the desired product decreased and the formation of the dithiolate by-product was confirmed (entry 6). From this result, it is important to use a high concentration of BTTH and complete the reaction in a short time in order to maximize the yield of the target product. It was shown that it was converted to a product and the yield decreased.
- FIG. 18 shows experimental results showing the effect of reaction time when using 0.25 M BTTH (13 equivalents) in dimer model synthesis.
- FIG. 18(A) is the result of plotting the relative abundance of the compound and the reaction time. The desired reaction was completed in 2 minutes from the start of the reaction. found to be converted.
- FIG. 18(B) is a phosphorus NMR spectrum of the reaction product (2 hours after starting the reaction). A signal of the target product was observed around 190 ppm, and a signal derived from the by-product dithiolate was observed around 140 ppm.
- Fig. 19 shows the mechanism of the presumed side reactions. After the target dimer is formed, it is further activated by an activating agent to form a dithiolate after chain scission.
- Various amidite reagents were used as 50 mM acetonitrile solutions, and only compound 5T was used as a 150 mM acetonitrile solution.
- BTTH was used as activator and 0.05 M iodine (pyridine/water; v/v: 9/1) solution as oxidant.
- 0.25 M or 1.0 M BTTH was used, and 2 to 5 couplings were studied for 20 to 450 seconds.
- 6-FAM-glycerol support 500 ⁇ manufactured by ChemGenes
- Synthesis was set to Final DMTr-ON and removed leaving the DMTr group on the 5'-terminal hydroxyl group.
- concentrated aqueous ammonia 500 ⁇ L
- 40% methylamine aqueous solution 500 ⁇ L
- the solid phase carrier was treated at 65° C. for 1 hour for cleavage from the solid phase carrier and deprotection.
- the supernatant was filtered using a Millex LH filter (0.45 ⁇ m, manufactured by Merck), the filtrate was dried under reduced pressure using a centrifugal evaporator.
- the obtained oligonucleotide was redissolved in super-deionized water, and the concentration was calculated by measuring the absorption at 260 nm.
- Analysis of the product by reversed-phase HPLC revealed a peak derived from the target product in which a DMTr group remained as a 5′-hydroxyl-protecting group (retention time 17.2 minutes) and at the introduction stage of 3′ thiolated amidite 5T.
- the peak area ratio between the peaks (retention time around 8.0 to 12.0 minutes) derived from the product whose synthesis stopped and the cleaved product was calculated.
- the HPLC analysis conditions are as follows.
- FIG. 20 shows the results of improving the conditions by applying the optimized reaction conditions for dimer synthesis to oligo DNA synthesis.
- BTTH which has been found to be the best in dimer synthesis
- 5′-TAA TsCATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3′ was calculated on the reversed-phase HPLC peak.
- the table in FIG. 20 shows the peak ratio of the target product and the chain-cleavage product+unreacted product (13-base length: sequence: 5'-CATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3').
- the oxidizing agent the most common iodine-pyridine solution was used. When coupled twice in 450 seconds using 0.25 M BTT as a conditioning control, the target ratio was 5% (entry 1).
- Eluent A 50 mM triethylammonium acetate (pH 7.0) containing 5% acetonitrile, elution Liquid B: acetonitrile, gradient conditions: flow rate: 3 mL/min, column temperature: 50°C, detection wavelength: 260 nm.
- FIG. 21 shows the results of synthesizing oligo DNA (sequence: 5'-TAA TsCATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3') examined for synthesis using the coupling conditions optimized in the experiment of FIG. 20 (entry 6). From the reversed-phase HPLC analysis results of FIG. 21, the 17 base-length target product containing the 3′-thiophosphate bond was obtained at a ratio of 87% from the peak area ratio compared with the peak derived from the by-product (strand scission product). (retention time 16.9 minutes).
- Ts indicates a 3'-thiolated thymidine base.
- Various amidite reagents were used as 50 mM acetonitrile solutions, and only compound 5T was used as a 150 mM acetonitrile solution.
- 0.25 M BTTH (5 couplings in 90 seconds) was used as activator and 0.05 M iodine (pyridine/water; v/v: 9/1) solution as oxidant. Synthesis was set to Final DMTr-ON and removed leaving the DMTr group on the 5'-terminal hydroxyl group.
- Eluent A 50 mM triethylammonium acetate (pH 7.0) containing 5% acetonitrile, elution Liquid B: acetonitrile, gradient conditions: flow rate: 3 mL/min, column temperature: 50°C, detection wavelength: 260 nm.
- FIG. 22 shows the results of synthesizing a 51-base-long oligo DNA (5'-ATGAACGCCGAGTTsAACGCCATCAAAAATsAATTCGCGTCTGGCCTTCCTsG-3') into which three 3' thiophosphate bonds were introduced and analyzing it by reverse-phase HPLC.
- Ts indicates a 3'-thiolated thymidine base.
- the main peak seen at a retention time of around 17.2 minutes is the 51-mer target DNA, and the DMTr group remains as a 5'-hydroxyl-protecting group.
- oligonucleotide was redissolved in super-deionized water, and the concentration was calculated by measuring the absorption at 260 nm.
- a 10% aqueous acetic acid solution was added and treated at room temperature for 1 hour to deprotect the DMTr groups to obtain the target oligo DNA.
- the HPLC analysis conditions are as follows.
- FIG. 23 shows the sequences of four types of PCR primer DNAs into which 3' thiophosphate bonds were introduced at multiple sites, and their synthesis results.
- the synthesized primers were cleaved at 4 locations by silver nanoparticle cleavage after PCR amplification, yielding sticky ends of 34 bases, Rev_primer for F1_8 and Rev_primer for F2_8, versus 2 by silver nanoparticle cleavage after PCR amplification.
- Rev_primer for F1 — 16 and Rev_primer for F2 — 16 which are cleaved in place and produce sticky ends of 34 bases.
- the synthesized four oligo-DNAs were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC.
- FIG. 24 shows the results of synthesizing 3'-thiophosphorylated oligo DNA (sequence: 5'-TAACAsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3') containing an adenosine derivative using a 3'-thiolated amidite adenosine derivative (compound 6A).
- Oligo DNAs synthesized using BTTH as an activator were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. As a result, from the reversed-phase HPLC peak area ratio, the ratio of the 5'-DMTr protected target oligo DNA near the retention time of 16.8 minutes was 40%, and the uncoupled form and the strand cleavage form (retention time of 11.5 minutes) could be clearly separated.
- a 10% aqueous acetic acid solution was added and the product was treated at room temperature for 1 hour to deprotect the DMTr groups to obtain the target DNA.
- a terminal thiol PEG aqueous solution (23.9 g/L) was added to 50 ⁇ L of a commercially available silver nanoparticle dispersion (manufactured by Sigma-aldrich, 10 nm, 0.02 mg/mL). was prepared by adding 30 ⁇ L of the reaction solution was measured and 30 ⁇ L of 2x loading buffer was added. After heat treatment at 95° C. for 5 minutes, analysis was performed by 15% denaturing acrylamide electrophoresis (10 ⁇ 12 cm, 30 mA, 20 minutes, 6 ⁇ L applied, containing 7.5 M urea). A gel electrophoresis image was acquired using a gel image analyzer (manufactured by BioRad) by FAM-derived fluorescence detection.
- Fig. 25 shows the results of preparation of 3' overhang cohesive ends by treating double-stranded short-stranded DNA with silver nanoparticles.
- cleavage of the 3'-thioadenosine analog synthesized in the experiment shown in Figure 24 was performed using 1 nm surface PEG-modified silver nanoparticles.
- the SP bond was positioned between the 5th and 6th bases from the 5' end, and was designed to prepare a cohesive end protruding by 5 bases upon cleavage.
- the reaction was carried out at 50° C. for 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, and each reaction solution was analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis, and the cleavage efficiency at each reaction time was calculated from gel band intensity analysis by FAM-derived fluorescence detection.
- FIG. 26 shows the adjustment of 34 base length adhesive ends by silver nanoparticle cleavage of PCR amplification products using the four primer DNAs synthesized in Fig. 23 and their is a schematic diagram of an experimental system showing the sequences of the ligation products of the cleavage products of .
- DNA was amplified by performing 30 cycles of denaturation (95°C, 15 seconds)-annealing (55°C, 15 seconds)-strand elongation (68°C, 30 seconds).
- the PCR product was purified using a wizard column (manufactured by Promega) according to the manufacturer's recommended protocol to obtain thiolated DNA.
- the SP bond was cleaved by treating at 50 ° C. for 4 hours, and the sticky end was removed. prepared.
- FIG. 27 shows the flow of 34-base-long sticky-end adjustment by silver nanoparticle-treated cleavage of PCR amplification products using the four primer DNAs synthesized in FIG. The results of electrophoresis are shown. It was confirmed that four PCR products of desired lengths of 529-bp, 307-bp, 529-bp and 307-bp were obtained.
- FIG. 28 shows the ligation of 34-base-long cohesive-end DNA obtained by cleaving the product amplified by PCR using Rev_primer for F1_8 and Rev_primer for F2_8 with silver nanoparticles, and PCR using Rev_primer for F1_16 and Rev_primer for F2_16. It is the result of comparing the ligation efficiency with the ligation of 34-base-long cohesive-end DNAs obtained by cleaving amplified products with silver nanoparticles.
- a DNA fragment of 8 bases after cleavage of silver nanoparticles dissociates quickly after cleavage and exhibits a relatively high ligation efficiency, but a DNA fragment of 16 bases after cleavage of silver nanoparticles is dissociated after cleavage. It is expected to be relatively slow and exhibit low ligation efficiency.
- the ligation efficiency was 29% in the two-site cleavage system (Ts modification x2), and the ligation efficiency was 44% in the four-site cleavage system (Ts modification x4). It was shown that the dissociation of the DNA fragment after cleavage is promoted and high ligation efficiency is exhibited.
- the scavenger strand in the figure has the function of peeling off the product that is not ligated, even though the cohesive ends form complementary strands. used for
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Abstract
Description
前記切断対象核酸と切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で前記切断対象核酸を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有する核酸を生成させる切断工程と、を備え、
前記切断剤が、銀、水銀及びカドミウムからなる群より選択される原子を含む金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする核酸鎖切断方法。
前記切断対象核酸と切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で前記切断対象核酸を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有する核酸を生成させる切断手段と、
を備え、
前記切断剤が、銀、水銀及びカドミウムからなる群より選択される原子を含む金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする核酸鎖切断装置。
センス鎖と、前記センス鎖と相補的な配列を有するアンチセンス鎖と、から構成される切断対象二本鎖DNAであって、前記センス鎖及びアンチセンス鎖の少なくとも一方に下記式(1)で示される構造を有する切断対象二本鎖DNAを調製する二本鎖DNA調製工程と、
前記切断対象二本鎖DNAと切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で前記センス鎖及び/又は前記アンチセンス鎖を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有し、かつ接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを生成させる接着末端生成工程と、を備え、
前記切断剤が、銀、水銀及びカドミウムからなる群より選択される原子を含む金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする二本鎖DNAの製造方法。
センス鎖と、前記センス鎖と相補的な配列を有するアンチセンス鎖と、から構成される切断対象二本鎖DNAであって、前記センス鎖及びアンチセンス鎖の少なくとも一方に下記式(1)で示される構造を有する切断対象二本鎖DNAを調製する二本鎖DNA調製手段と、
前記切断対象二本鎖DNAと切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で前記センス鎖及び/又は前記アンチセンス鎖を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有し、かつ接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを生成させる接着末端生成手段と、を備え、
前記切断剤が、銀、水銀及びカドミウムからなる群より選択される原子を含む金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする二本鎖DNAの製造装置。
以下、本発明の核酸鎖切断方法について説明する。本発明の核酸鎖切断方法は、下記式(1)で示される構造を有する切断対象核酸を調製する核酸調製工程と、この切断対象核酸と切断剤とを反応させて式(1)のXの部分で切断対象核酸を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有する核酸を生成させる切断工程と、を備える。
次に、図1を参照して、本発明の各工程について説明する。図1の上段(「金属ナノ粒子による核酸鎖切断反応[Step_1]」)は、本発明の核酸鎖切断方法を模式的に示している。なお、図1では、式(1)のXが硫黄であり、切断剤が銀ナノ粒子であり、切断対象核酸(チオ化オリゴ核酸)をPCRプライマーとして使用するケースについて説明しているが、本発明はこれに限定されない。例えばXがセレンの場合や、切断剤が水銀、カドミウムの場合も同様のメカニズムで切断対象核酸を切断することができる。
次に、切断工程について説明する。切断工程では、切断対象核酸と切断剤とを反応させて式(1)のXの部分で切断対象核酸を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有する核酸を生成させる。図1では、銀ナノ粒子を使用して切断対象核酸(チオ化オリゴ核酸)を切断しており、切断後はXの部分より5’末端側のオリゴ核酸が切除されて切断部はリン酸基となる。
次に、核酸鎖切断装置について説明する。本発明の核酸鎖切断装置は、上記の核酸鎖切断方法を実施するための装置である。核酸鎖切断装置は、式(1)で示される構造を有する切断対象核酸を調製する核酸調製手段と、切断対象核酸と切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で切断対象核酸を切断し、式(2)で示される構造を有する核酸を生成させる切断手段と、を備えている。
次に、接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを製造する方法について説明する。本発明の製造方法では、二本鎖DNAの一方の末端側又は両方の末端側に接着末端を形成させる。まず、二本鎖DNA調製工程を行う。この工程では、センス鎖とアンチセンス鎖とからなる切断対象二本鎖DNAを調製する。アンチセンス鎖は、上記のセンス鎖と相補的な配列を有している。このセンス鎖とアンチセンス鎖の少なくとも一方に、式(1)で示される構造を有している。図1の下段(四角で囲った部分)では、センス鎖とアンチセンス鎖の両方にそれぞれ式(1)の構造を有する場合について示している。このように、両方の鎖に式(1)の構造を導入することで、後述する接着末端生成工程で、両端が接着末端を有するDNAを生成させることができる。
次に、接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを製造する装置について説明する。本発明の装置は、上記の接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAの製造方法を実施するための装置である。具体的には、切断対象二本鎖DNAを調製する二本鎖DNA調製手段と、切断対象二本鎖DNAと切断剤とを反応させて式(2)で示される構造を有し、かつ接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを生成させる接着末端生成手段と、を備えている。
接着末端生成手段としては、上記の「切断手段」で説明した、核酸調整手段で合成した切断対象核酸、切断剤、インキュベータなどの各種装置、各種試薬などが含まれる。
(1)チオ化アミダイト試薬(チミジン誘導体:T,シチジン誘導体:C)の合成
チオ化アミダイト試薬(チミジン誘導体:T,シチジン誘導体:C)の合成スキームを下記に示す。
5’-O-(4,4’-ジメトキシトリチル)チミジン(化合物1T)(1.0g,1.8mmol)にトリフェニルホスフィン(0.72g,2.8mmol)を加えたのち、ジクロロメタン(6.0mL)に溶解させた。氷浴下、アゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(0.54mL,2.8mmol)をゆっくりと滴下した。室温で3時間撹拌したのち、反応溶液をロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むメタノール/酢酸エチル混合溶媒=0/1→1/4)で精製し、白色固体として0.89g(1.7mmol)の化合物2Tを得た(収率94%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.59(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),7.37-7.30(m,2H),7.30-7.11(m,7H),6.85-6.76(m,4H),5.85(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),5.27(q,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.37(ddd,J=7.8,4.8,2.5Hz,1H),3.68(d,J=2.5Hz,6H),3.13-2.98(m,2H),2.54(dd,J=12.8,1.5Hz,1H),2.44-2.37(m,1H),1.73(d,J=1.1Hz,3H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
化合物2T(1.0g,1.9mmol)及びチオ安息香酸セシウム(1.8g,7.0mmol)を1,4-ジオキサン(40mL)に懸濁させ、120℃で一晩撹拌した。さらにチオ安息香酸セシウム(1.8g,7.0mmol)を加え、130℃で一晩攪拌した。反応溶液を室温まで冷却したのち、酢酸エチルで希釈し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で2回洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより濃縮した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むメタノール/ジクロロメタン混合溶媒=0/1→1:60)で精製し、1.1g(1.7mmol)の化合物3Tを茶色固体として得た(収率90%)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.93-7.86(m,2H),7.71(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.61-7.56(m,1H),7.47-7.43(m,4H),7.34-7.31(m,4H),7.26(dd,J=8.4,7.0Hz,2H),7.22-7.17(m,1H),6.82-6.77(m,4H),6.30(dd,J=6.6,5.2Hz,1H),4.49(q,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.14(dt,J=7.2,2.7Hz,1H),3.73(d,J=4.4Hz,6H),3.52(dd,J=10.8,2.4Hz,1H),3.45(dd,J=10.8,3.1Hz,1H),2.75(ddd,J=13.8,8.3,5.2Hz,1H),2.53-2.48(m,1H),1.48(d,J=1.3Hz,3H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
30分間のアルゴンバブリングによる脱酸素処理を行なったエタノール(30mL)-10M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(4mL)混合溶液に化合物3T(840mg,1.26mmol)を溶解したのち、アルゴンバブリング下、室温で2時間攪拌した。反応溶液を氷浴上で冷却し、1M塩酸水溶液(40mL)をゆっくりと滴下することにより反応を停止させた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過により回収し、濾紙上で水により3回洗浄した。得られた固体をジクロロメタンに溶解したのち無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むヘキサン/酢酸エチル混合溶媒=1/1→1/3)にて精製し、560mg(0.995mmol)の化合物5Tを茶色固体として得た(収率79%)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.41(dd,J=7.5,1.7Hz,2H),7.34-7.20(m,7H),6.83(dd,J=8.8,2.0Hz,4H),6.14(dd,J=7.1,3.0Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.85(dt,J=8.8,2.7Hz,1H),3.77(s,6H),3.63-3.56(m,2H),3.39(dd,J=11.0,2.9Hz,1H),2.59(ddd,J=13.9,7.6,2.9Hz,1H),2.35(ddd,J=13.9,10.2,7.1Hz,1H),1.55(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.48(d,J=1.2Hz,3H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
化合物4T(360mg,0.640mmol)をジクロロメタン(5.00ml)に溶解させたのち、N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(331μL,1.92mmol)を加えた。つづいて、2-シアノエチル-N,N-ジイソプロピルクロロホスホロアミダイト(185μL,0.830mmol)を加えたのち、室温で2時間攪拌した。反応溶液をジクロロメタンで希釈し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むヘキサン/酢酸エチル混合溶媒=2/1→1/1.5)で精製し、312mg(0.410mmol)の化合物5Tを白色固体として得た(収率64%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3CN)δ9.41(s,1H),7.55-7.40(m,3H),7.38-7.24(m,6H),7.24-7.14(m,1H),6.83(dd,J=8.7,5.5Hz,4H),6.18-5.99(m,1H),4.10-3.93(m,2H),3.86-3.75(m,1H),3.73(s,6H),3.71-3.44(m,4H),3.44-3.28(m,1H),2.66-2.53(m,2H),2.53-2.39(m,1H),1.95(s,1H),1.55-1.42(m,3H),1.31-1.05(m,9H),1.03(s,1H),1.01(s,1H)ppm.
31P NMR(162MHz,CD3CN)δ161.96,158.44ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
N4-ベンゾイル-5’-O-(4,4’-ジメトキシトリチル)-2’-デオキシシチジン(化合物1C)(1.00g,1.57mmol)をトルエン(20.0mL)で3回共沸した。トリフェニルホスフィン(0.456g,1.74mmol)を加えたのち、ジクロロメタン(6.00mL)に溶解させた。氷浴下、アゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(0.456mL,1.74mmol)をゆっくりと滴下した。その後、室温で16時間撹拌をした。反応溶液をロータリーエバポレーターにより濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むメタノール/酢酸エチル混合溶媒=0/1→1/4)にて精製後、白色個体として0.780g(1.26mmol)の化合物2Cを得た(収率78%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.81(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.69(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.51(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.18-7.39(m,12H),6.84(dd,J=9.0,3.6Hz,4H),6.42(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.97(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),5.33(s,1H),4.40(s,1H),3.70(d,J=2.4Hz,7H),3.04-3.13(m,2H),2.63(d,J=11.9Hz,1H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
化合物2C(2.8g,4.8mmol)及びチオ安息香酸セシウム(6.0g,24mmol)を1,4-ジオキサン(60mL)に溶解させ、室温で5時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液を酢酸エチル(100mL)で希釈し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(100mL)にて2回、飽和食塩水にて2回洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=1/1→7/1)にて精製し、2.0g(2.7mmol)の化合物3Cを茶色固体として得た(収率56%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.29(s,1H),8.55(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.88(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.50-7.73(m,4H),7.38(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.14-7.27(m,9H),6.82(q,J=4.5Hz,5H),6.12(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.40(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.23(s,1H),3.69(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.66(s,6H),2.65(s,2H),2.36(s,1H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
30分間のアルゴンバブリングによる脱酸素処理を行なったメタノール(15mL)-THF(21mL)-0.5M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(22mL,11mmol)混合溶液に化合物3C(1.64g,2.2mmol)を溶解したのち、アルゴンバブリング下、-10℃で30分間攪拌した。反応溶液に対して、1Mリン酸二水素カリウム水溶液(46.6mL,46.6mmol)をゆっくりと滴下することにより反応を停止させた。酢酸エチル(100mL)で希釈したのち、水(100mL)で2回洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むメタノール/ジクロロメタン混合溶媒=1/50→1/10)にて精製後、1.18gの化合物4Cを白色固体として得た。得られた化合物4Cを0.94g(1.43mmol)測り取り、ジクロロメタン(15.2mL)に溶解させたのち、N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(0.35mL,1.57mmol)及び2-シアノエチル-N,N-ジイソプロピルクロロホスホロアミダイト(0.35mL,1.57mmol)を加え、室温で2時間攪拌した。反応溶液をジクロロメタン(20mL)で希釈し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(20mL)で洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むアセトニトリル/ジクロロメタン混合溶媒=3/7)にて精製後、1.0g(1.2mmol)の化合物5Cを白色固体として得た(2段階通算収率68%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.19(s,1H),8.78(s,1H),8.30(d,J=19.5Hz,1H),8.02-8.05(m,2H),7.51-7.63(m,3H),7.37-7.42(m,2H),7.27-7.31(m,5H),7.18-7.25(m,3H),6.77-6.81(m,4H),6.42(dd,J=7.0,2.5Hz,1H),4.21-4.25(m,1H),3.90(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.79-3.85(m,1H),3.77(d,J=4.3Hz,6H),3.57-3.67(m,5H),3.41-3.45(m,1H),3.07-3.14(m,1H),2.60(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),2.44(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),1.18-1.22(m,6H),1.13-1.17(m,6H)ppm.
31P-NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ165.57,161.68ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
N6-ベンゾイル-5’-O-(4,4’-ジメトキシトリチル)-2’-デオキシアデノシン(化合物1A)(10.0g,15.2mmol)、4-ニトロ安息香酸(5.08g,30.4mmol)及びトリフェニルホスフィン(16.0g,61.0mmol)をTHF(800mL)に溶解させ、0℃で撹拌しながらアゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(11.9mL,61.0mmol)をゆっくりと滴下した。0℃で2時間攪拌後、反応溶液をロータリーエバポレーターにより濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=7/3)にて精製し、18.5gの化合物2Aを白色固体として得た。得られた化合物2Aを10.0g(12.6mmol)測り取り、炭酸カリウム(1.71g,49.6mmol)を加えたのち、メタノール(125mL)に溶解させた。氷浴下2時間攪拌したのち、反応溶液を濃縮した。残渣を酢酸エチル(75mL)に溶解させ、水(75mL)で2回洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=1/1)にて精製し、1.40g(2.10mmol)の化合物3Aを白色固体として得た(2段階通算収率38%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.18(s,1H),8.75(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.03(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.53-7.66(m,3H),7.17-7.39(m,9H),6.75-6.83(m,4H),6.50(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.48(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),4.31(d,J=44.2Hz,2H),3.66-3.74(m,6H),3.37(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.20(d,J=10.3Hz,1H),2.78(s,1H),2.38(d,J=14.6Hz,1H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
トリフェニルホスフィン(2.4g,9.0mmol)をTHF(53mL)に溶解させ、氷浴下撹拌しながらアゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(1.75mL,9.0mmol)をゆっくりと滴下した。氷浴下30分間攪拌したのち、チオ安息香酸(1.08mL,9.0mmol)を加え、氷浴下で更に30分間撹拌した。つづいて、化合物3A(2.0g,3.0mmol)を加え、氷浴下16時間撹拌した。反応溶液をロータリーエバポレーターにより濃縮し、残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=1/1→2/1)にて精製し、2.3gの化合物4Aを白色固体として得た。得られた化合物4Aを2.3g(3.0mmol)測り取り、30分間のアルゴンバブリングによる脱酸素処理を行なったメタノール(42mL)-THF(28mL)-0.5M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(18mL,9.0mmol)混合溶液に溶解したのち、アルゴンバブリング下、-10℃で30分間攪拌した。反応溶液に対して、1Mリン酸二水素カリウム水溶液(38mL,19mmol)をゆっくりと滴下することにより反応を停止させた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過により回収し、濾紙上で水(200mL)により3回洗浄した。得られた固体をカラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むメタノール/ジクロロメタン混合溶媒=1/50→1/20)にて精製し、1.62gの化合物5Aを白色固体として得た。得られた化合物5Aを1.5g(2.3mmol)測り取り、5-(エチルチオ)-1H-テトラゾール(0.30g,2.3mmol)を加えたのち、ジクロロメタン(10mL)に溶解させた。つづいて、2-シアノエチルN,N,N’,N’-テトライソプロピルホスホロジアミダイト(1.1mL,3.5mmol)を加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。反応溶液をジクロロメタン(50mL)で希釈したのち、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(50mL)で洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=2/1→8/1)にて精製し、0.46g(0.54mmol)の化合物6Aを白色固体として得た(3段階通算収率17%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.19(s,1H),8.78(s,1H),8.30(d,J=19.5Hz,1H),8.02-8.05(m,2H),7.51-7.63(m,3H),7.37-7.42(m,2H),7.27-7.31(m,5H),7.18-7.25(m,3H),6.77-6.81(m,4H),6.42(dd,J=7.0,2.5Hz,1H),4.21-4.25(m,1H),3.90(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.79-3.85(m,1H),3.76-3.77(m,7H),3.57-3.67(m,5H),3.41-3.45(m,1H),3.07-3.14(m,1H),2.60(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),1.18-1.22(m,6H),1.13-1.17(m,6H)ppm.
31P-NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ165.22ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
化合物1G(7.3g,16mmol)をジクロロメタン(370mL)に溶解させ、Dess-Martinペルヨージナン(34g,80mmol)及び炭酸水素ナトリウム(21g)を加えた。氷浴下で2時間、つづいて室温で3時間撹拌した。反応終了後、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(370ml)及びチオ硫酸ナトリウム(370mL)を加え、ジクロロメタン(730mL)で2回抽出した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。得られた2’-ケト体をテトラヒドロフラン(260mL)に溶解させ、-78℃で30分間撹拌した。つづいて、1M L-selectride/テトラヒドロフラン溶液(40mL,40mmol)を滴下し、-78℃で16時間撹拌した。反応溶液に飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液(50mL)を加えることで反応を終了させ、酢酸エチルで3回抽出した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:メタノール/ジクロロメタン=1/15)にて精製し、3.6g(8.0mmol)の化合物2Gを白色固体として得た(収率50%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.06(s,1H),11.70(s,1H),8.12-8.19(m,1H),6.12(dd,J=8.2,1.9Hz,1H),5.35-5.39(m,1H),4.29-4.37(m,1H),3.92-4.11(m,2H),3.73-3.79(m,1H),2.65-2.81(m,2H),2.21-2.32(m,1H),1.08-1.15(m,6H),0.83-0.86(m,9H),0.16~-0.14(m,6H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
トリフェニルホスフィン(11g,40mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(140mL)に溶解させ、氷浴下撹拌しながらアゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(7.8mL,40mmol)をゆっくりと滴下した。氷浴下30分間攪拌し、チオ安息香酸(4.7mL,40mmol)を加え、更に30分間0度で撹拌した。その後、化合物2G(3.0g,6.7mmol)を加え、氷浴下3時間、更に室温で16時間攪拌した。反応溶液をロータリーエバポレーターにより濃縮したのち、カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=1/1)にて精製したのち、25gの化合物3Gを白色固体として得た。得られた化合物3G(25g,6.7mol)をテトラヒドロフラン(100mL)に溶解させたのち、トリエチルアミン三フッ化水素塩(16ml,100mmol)を加え、室温で16時間攪拌した。反応溶液をロータリーエバポレーターにより濃縮したのち、カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:メタノール/ジクロロメタン=1/15)にて精製した。さらに、ジクロロメタンで再結晶を行い、2.4g(5.2mmol)の化合物4Gを白色固体として得た(2段階通算収率78%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.09(s,1H),11.69(s,1H),8.34(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.93(dd,J=8.3,0.8Hz,2H),7.67-7.74(m,1H),7.54-7.63(m,2H),6.24(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.20(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.34(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.09-4.14(m,1H),3.60-3.74(m,2H),3.01-3.05(m,1H),2.72-2.79(m,1H),2.58-2.63(m,1H),1.11(dd,J=7.0,2.2Hz,6H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
化合物4G(1.5g,3.3mmol)及び4,4’-ジメトシキトリチルクロリド(2.2g,6.6mmol)をピリジン(30mL)に溶解させ、室温で16時間攪拌した。反応溶液をロータリーエバポレーターにより濃縮したのち、残渣をジクロロメタン(50mL)に溶解させ、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(50mL)で洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:メタノール/ジクロロメタン=1/20)にて精製後、2.41g(3.2mmol)の化合物5Gを白色固体として得た(収率97%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.11(s,1H),11.70(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),8.17-8.26(m,1H),7.89(dd,J=8.3,1.2Hz,2H),7.52-7.79(m,3H),7.14-7.40(m,9H),6.73-6.82(m,4H),6.30(q,J=3.5Hz,1H),4.45-4.57(m,1H),4.20-4.23(m,1H),3.61-3.79(m,6H),3.22-3.31(m,2H),3.17(dq,J=13.7,3.9Hz,1H),2.61-2.82(m,2H),1.13(dd,J=6.8,1.4Hz,6H)ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
化合物5G(2.0g,2.6mmol)をメタノール/テトラヒドロフラン混合溶媒(3/2,90mL)に溶解させ、氷浴下30分間攪拌した。次いで、0.5M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(18mL,9.0mmol)を加えたのち、アルゴンバブリングによる脱酸素条件下、0℃で2時間、室温で30分間処理した。反応溶液に対して、1Mリン酸二水素カリウム水溶液(33mL,33mmol)をゆっくりと滴下することにより反応を停止させた。つづいて、反応溶液を酢酸エチル(300mL)で希釈し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(300mL)及び飽和食塩水(300ml)で洗浄を行なった。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去し、1.7gの化合物6Gを白色個体として得た。得られた化合物6G(1.7g,2.6mmol)に5-(エチルチオ)-1H-テトラゾール(0.34g,2.6mmol)を加え、ジクロロメタン(40mL)に溶解させた。つづいて、2-シアノエチルN,N,N’,N’-テトライソプロピルホスホロジアミダイト(1.3mL,4.0mmol)を加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。反応溶液をジクロロメタン(300mL)で希釈し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(300mL)で2回洗浄した。有機相を無水硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥したのち、ロータリーエバポレーターにより溶媒留去した。カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性フラッシュシリカ、展開溶媒:1%トリエチルアミンを含むアセトニトリル/ジクロロメタン混合溶媒=1/4)で精製し、1.2g(1.4mmol)の化合物7Gを白色固体として得た(収率53%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ12.00(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),8.45(d,J=34.0Hz,1H),7.83-7.87(m,1H),7.41-7.43(m,2H),7.29-7.31(m,4H),7.17-7.24(m,3H),6.73-6.82(m,4H),6.14-6.17(m,1H),4.19-4.25(m,1H),3.87-3.55(11H),3.54-3.27(2H),3.00-3.12(m,1H),2.32-2.68(m,4H),1.09-1.21(m,18H)ppm.
31P-NMR(243MHz,CDCl3)δ160.81,159.97ppm.スペクトルデータは文献値と良い一致を示した。
化合物5T及び市販のホスホロアミダイト試薬(ChemGenes)を用い、常法に従い核酸自動合成機NR-2A 7MX(日本テクノサービス社製)によりオリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチド5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’を合成した。Tsは3’チオ化を施したチミジン塩基を示す。また、3’末端にはフルオレセイン(FAM)を導入した。各種アミダイト試薬は70mMのアセトニトリル溶液とし、化合物5Tのみ150mMのアセトニトリル溶液として使用した。アクチベーターとしては0.3M BTT、酸化剤としては0.05Mのヨウ素(ピリジン/水;v/v:9/1)溶液を使用した。また、固相担体として6-FAM-glycerol support 500Å(ChemGenes社製)を用いることにより3’末端へFAMが導入される設計とした。合成はFinal DMTr-ONに設定し、5’-末端水酸基上のDMTr基を残した状態で取り出した。合成終了後、固相担体に濃アンモニア水(500μL)と40%メチルアミン水溶液(500μL)を加え、65℃で1時間処理することにより固相担体からの切り出し及び脱保護を行った。上清をMillex LHフィルター(0.45μm,メルク社製)を用いてろ過したのち、ろ液を遠心エバポレーターにより減圧下乾固した。得られオリゴヌクレオチドを超脱イオン水に再溶解し、260nmにおける吸収を測定することで濃度を算出した。オリゴヌクレオチドのMALDI-TOF分子量測定はマトリックスとして3-ヒドロキシピコリン酸を使用し、UltrafleXtreme(Bruker社製)のリニアーポジティブモードを用いて行った。
図2は、チオ化アミダイト試薬(化合物5T)を用いた3’-チオリン酸結合を有するオリゴヌクレオチドの合成と逆相HPLC及びMALDI-TOF-MSによる分析結果を示している。
図の(a)は、化合物5Tを用いて5’側から4塩基目と5塩基目の間に3’-チオリン酸結合を有する20塩基長のオリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチド5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’を合成し、逆相HPLCで分析した結果を示している。(a,b)HPLC分析条件は以下の通りである。
<使用システム>
・カラム:YMC Hydrosphere C18(カラムサイズ:250x 10.0mm)
・溶離液A:5%アセトニトリルを含む50mM酢酸トリエチルアンモニウム(pH7.0),
・溶離液B:アセトニトリル,
<グラジエント条件>
・流速:3mL/分,
・カラム温度:50℃,
・検出波長:260nm.
(1)銀ナノ粒子処理によるDNA鎖切断反応の銀ナノ粒子サイズ
(a)銀ナノ粒子処理
3μMのPS修飾DNA(5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’)を10μL測りとり、50μLの銀ナノ粒子分散液(10nm,0.02mg/mL)を加え、37℃で31時間インキュベーションした。反応溶液を20μL測りとり20μLの2x loading bufferを加えた。95℃で5分間加熱処理したのち、15%変性アクリルアミド電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、10x 12cm,30mA,20分,6μLアプライ)により分析した。FAM由来蛍光検出によりゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)を用いてゲル泳動像を取得した。
3μMのPS修飾DNA(5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’)を10μL測りとり、50μLの銀ナノ粒子分散液(10nm,0.02mg/mL)を加え、70℃又は95℃で所定の時間インキュベーションした。反応溶液を30μL測りとり30μLの2x loading bufferを加えた。95℃で5分間加熱処理したのち、15%変性アクリルアミド電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、10x12cm,30mA,20分,6μLアプライ)により分析した。FAM由来蛍光検出によりゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)を用いてゲル泳動像を取得した。
図3は、銀ナノ粒子処理によるDNA鎖切断反応の検討と銀ナノ粒子サイズ及び反応時間・反応温度依存性の結果を示す図である。
図の(a)は、銀ナノ粒子によるDNA鎖切断の銀ナノ粒子サイズ依存性の結果を示している。10nm,20nm,100nmの銀ナノ粒子を用い、20mer DNA 5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’の鎖切断による15mer DNA 5’-pCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’の生成を変性ゲル電気泳動により分析した。Tsは3’チオ化を施したチミジン塩基を示す。また、3’末端には蛍光色素としてFAMが導入されている。切断後15mer DNAの5’末端にはリン酸(p)が残る設計になっている。切断反応は37℃で31時間行なった。FAM由来蛍光検出によるゲルのバンド強度解析より、10nm,20nm,100nmの銀ナノ粒子を用いた際の切断効率はそれぞれ35.9%,21.9%,13.1%となりナノ粒子サイズが大きくなるにつれて切断効率が低下することが明らかになった。
(a)銀ナノ粒子表面のポリマー修飾
3.4μMのPS修飾DNA(5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’)を9μL計りとり、51μLの表面PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子分散液(10nm)を加え、所定の時間・温度でインキュベーションした。表面PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子分散液は、50μLの市販の銀ナノ粒子分散液(sigma-aldrich社製、10nm,0.02mg/mL)に対して23.9g/Lの末端チオール化PEG(O-[2-(3-メルカプトプロピオニルアミノ)エチル]-O’-メチルポリエチレングリコール、平均分子量5,000、シグマアルドリッチ社製)水溶液(1μL)を加えることで調製した。反応溶液を20μL測りとり20μLの2x loading bufferを加えた。95℃で5分間加熱処理したのち、15%変性アクリルアミド電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、10x 12cm,30mA,20分,6μLアプライ)により分析した。FAM由来蛍光検出によりゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)を用いてゲル泳動像を取得した。
図4は、銀ナノ粒子表面のポリマー修飾によるDNA鎖切断活性向上の結果を示す図である。
図の(a)は、ポリマー修飾を施した銀ナノ粒子表面を表す模式図である。末端チオール修飾した平均分子量5,000のポリエチレングリコール修飾を行なった。表面修飾ナノ粒子は市販の銀ナノ粒子分散液に対して任意の量のポリマーを混合することにより容易に調製可能である。添加するポリマー量を調節することにより修飾量をコントロールすることも可能である。
(a)3’オーバーハング接着末端の調製
PS修飾DNA(5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’)と相補鎖DNA(5’-AACGCAATTAATGTGAGTTA-3’)をそれぞれ3μMとなるように混合し、95℃で3分間処理後、氷浴上にて10分以上冷却することによりアニーリングを行なった。アニーリング後の溶液を9μL測りとり51μLの表面PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子分散液(10nm)を加え、50℃で所定の時間インキュベーションした。表面PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子分散液は、50μLの市販の銀ナノ粒子分散液(sigma-aldrich社製、10nm,0.02mg/mL)に対して1μLの末端チオールPEG水溶液(23.9g/L)を加えることで調製した。反応溶液を30μL測りとり30μLの2x loading bufferを加えた。95℃で5分間加熱処理したのち、15%変性アクリルアミド電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、10x12cm,30mA,20分,6μLアプライ)により分析した。FAM由来蛍光検出によりゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)を用いてゲル泳動像を取得した。
図5は、二重鎖短鎖DNAの銀ナノ粒子処理による3’オーバーハング接着末端の調製を行った結果を示している。3’-SP結合を有する20merの二重DNAの切断を1nmの表面PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子を用いて行なった。SP結合は5’末端から5塩基目と6塩基目の間に位置し、切断が起こると5塩基突出した接着末端が調製できるように設計した。反応は50℃で15,30,60分間行いそれぞれの反応溶液を変性ゲル電気泳動により分析し、FAM由来蛍光検出によるゲルのバンド強度解析より、各反応時間における切断効率を算出した。相補鎖有りと無しとで切断効率の比較を行い、各反応時間における切断効率を縦軸に、反応時間を横軸にプロットした。その結果、相補鎖有りの場合、相補鎖無しと比較して僅かに切断活性が低下したものの反応開始2時間後においてはほぼ同程度の切断活性を示し、90%以上のDNAが切断された。このことから、表面PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子によるDNA鎖切断が接着末端DNA調製に応用可能であることが明らかになった。
(1)実験項
(a)チオ化DNAをテンプレートとして用いたPCRの検討
110μMチオ化テンプレートDNA(0.37μL)と15μLプライマーDNA(1.34μL)を混合し、各種ポリメラーゼのメーカー推奨条件に従い、dNTP混合物、各種ポリメラーゼ(KOD-Pkus-Neo,PrimeSTAR HS,Phusion High Fidelity,Q5 High Fidelity,Deep Vent,Taq DNA polymerase)、ポリメラーゼ添付バッファーを加え、総液量20μLとした。つづいて、変性(95℃、1分)-アニーリング(50℃、30秒)-鎖伸長(72℃、30分)を行い、反応溶液を2x loading buffer(20μL)で希釈した。20%変性ゲル電気泳動(7.5M尿素含有、20x 22cm、20W、2h)により分析した。1x SYBR Green II溶液を用い30分間振盪することによりゲルの染色を行い、ゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)によりゲル泳動像を取得した。
20μMチオ化Forwardプライマー(1.25μL)、20μMチオ化Reverseプライマー(1.25μL)、10ng/μLテンプレートDNA(2.5μL)、2mM dNTP混合物(5μL)、25mM硫酸マグネシウム(3μL)、10x PCR Buffer for KOD-Plus-Neo(5μL)、超脱イオン水(31μL)を混合し、1U/μL KOD-Plus-Neo(1μL)を加えたのち、サーマルサイクラー(BioRad社製)を用いて、95℃で2分間処理した。つづいて、変性(95℃、15秒)-アニーリング(55℃、15秒)-鎖伸長(68℃、30秒)を30サイクル行うことによりDNA増幅した。PCR産物をwizard column(プロメガ社製)を用い、メーカー推奨プロトコルに従い精製し、チオ化DNAを得た。
7.5nM PCR産物チオ化DNA(225fmol/sample)を超脱イオン水に溶解し4.5μLの水溶液を調製した。10nmの銀ナノ粒子(シグマアルドリッチ社製、200μg/mLクエン酸バッファー懸濁液、25μL)と末端チオール修飾PEG(シグマアルドリッチ社製、23.9g/L水溶液、0.5μL)を混合することにより、PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子を調製した。調製したPCR産物チオ化DNA水溶液(4.5μL)とPEG修飾銀ナノ粒子分散液(25.5μL)を混合したのち、50℃で2~4時間処理することによりSP結合の切断を行い接着末端を調製した。
7.5nM銀ナノ粒子処理産物DNA_1(3.6μL)、7.5nM銀ナノ粒子処理産物DNA_2(3.6μL)、10x T4 DNA Ligase Reaction Buffer(New England BioLabs社製、0.90μL)、超脱イオン水(0.45μL)を混合したのち、T4 DNAリガーゼ(New England BioLabs社製、2000U/μL、0.45μL)を加え、25℃で3時間インキュベーションした。反応溶液(9μL)に対して、1μLの10x ローディングバッファーを加え、1%アガロールゲル電気泳動(泳動バッファー:1x TBE、100V、30分)により分析した。10,000x SYBR green I溶液を用い30分間振盪することによりゲルの染色を行い、ゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)によりゲル泳動像を取得した。
図6は、チオ化オリゴ核酸をDNAテンプレートへ導入した際のPCRの検討結果を示している。5’末端から14塩基目と15塩基目の間に3’-SP結合を導入したテンプレートDNA 5’-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTsGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3’に対して22merの5’-FAM化DNAプライマー5’-FAM-AACGCAATTAATGTGAGTTAGC-3’をアニーリングさせ、各種ポリメラーゼ(KOD-Pkus-Neo, PrimeSTAR HS, Phusion High Fidelity, Q5 High Fidelity, Deep Vent, Taq DNA polymerase)によるポリメラーゼ伸長反応を行なった。3’-SP修飾部位で伸長が止まる場合、22merのプライマーから4塩基又は5塩基伸長した産物が生じる。一方、3’-SP修飾部位を問題なく伸長した場合、完全長の41merのDNAが生成する。反応溶液は20%変性ゲル電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、20x 22cm、20W、2時間)により分析し、5’-FAM由来の蛍光検出を利用してゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)によりバンドを可視化した。その結果、いずれのポリメラーゼを用いた場合においても完全長41merのDNA由来のバンドが見られ、3’-SP修飾部位での伸長停止産物は観測されなかった。このことから、3’-SP修飾を導入したDNAがプライマーとして機能しうることが明らかになった。
図の(a)は、銀ナノ粒子処理又はコントロール実験として制限酵素BsaI処理により調製した2本の接着断片DNAのT4 DNAリガーゼによる連結を行い、1%アガロールゲル電気泳動(泳動バッファー:1x TBE、100V、30分)により分析した結果を示している。反応は25℃で3時間行い、PCR産物DNAの銀ナノ粒子処理を60,120,180,240分行い各反応時間における切断反応生成物を使用し、それらのT4 DNAリガーゼによる連結効率の比較を行なった。ゲルの結果より全ての連結反応条件において838bpの連結産物の生成が確認された。
図の(b)は、各銀ナノ粒子処理時間における産物及びBsaI処理による産物の連結効率を示すグラフを示している。銀ナノ粒子処理時間を長くするにつれ、連結産物量が増加した。240分間の銀ナノ粒子処理により調製したDNA断片を連結した際に、BsaI処理により調製したDNA断片の連結と比較して高い連結効率を示した。
(1)硝酸銀処理によるチオ化オリゴ核酸鎖切断
30μMのPS修飾DNA 20mer(5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’)を使用した。なお、Tsは3’チオ化を施したチミジン塩基を示す。また、3’末端には蛍光色素としてFAMが導入されている。このPS修飾DNAを1μL測りとり、50mMの硝酸銀水溶液(29μL)と混合したのち、室温で5~40分間インキュベートして切断反応を行った。所定の時間に達したら、反応溶液をそれぞれ5μLずつ測りとり、60mMのエタンチオール水溶液(5μL)を加えることにより反応を停止させた。この時、銀イオン由来の白色沈殿の生成を確認した。この混合物(10μL)に対して、2x loading buffer(10μL)を加えた。95℃で5分間加熱処理したのち、15%変性アクリルアミドゲル電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、10x 12cm,30mA,20分,6μLアプライ)により分析した。FAM由来蛍光検出によりゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)を用いてゲル泳動像を取得した。その結果を図9に示す。
110μMのPS修飾DNA 41mer(5’-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTsGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3’)を3μL測りとり、50mMの硝酸銀水溶液(67μL)と混合したのち、室温で22時間インキュベートした。反応溶液を限外濾過遠心式フィルター(Amicon Ultra 3K、Merck社製)を用い、メーカー推奨プロトコルにしたがい、分子量3Kよりも小さい分子をカットオフすることで、硝酸銀を除去した。この操作により、反応系中に含まれる銀イオンなどを大雑把に取り除くことができる。限外濾過後に残った溶液を回収し、MALDI-TOF-MS分子量解析を行った。MALDI-TOF-MS分子量解析はマトリックスとして3-ヒドロキシピコリン酸を用い、UltraFleXtreme(Bruker社製)のリニアーネガティブモードで測定した。その結果を図10に示す。
図の(a)は、切断標的DNA(41mer)5’-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTsGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3’とその切断生成物DNA断片の配列を示す。図中の矢印で示す3’-SP結合部位で切断され、5’-fragment(15mer)側が3’-SHとなり(5’-AGGGGTGCCTAATGTs-3’)、3’-fragment(26mer)は5’-リン酸体(5’-pGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTT-3’、pはリン酸基を示す)となる設計である。
図の(b)は、硝酸銀処理による切断反応液のMALDI-TOF-MS分子量解析を示す図である。切断によって生成する5’-fragment(15mer)と3’-fragment(26mer)の分子量466.2、8040.2に対応するピークが観測されたことがら目的のDNA断片が生成したと考えられる。
図の(c)は、硝酸銀処理による切断生成物5’-fragment(15mer)に由来するMALDI-TOF-MSスペクトルピーク領域の拡大図である。
図の(d)は、硝酸銀処理による切断生成物3’-fragment(26mer)に由来するMALDI-TOF-MSスペクトルピーク領域の拡大図である。
銀イオンはチオール類との高い相互作用により沈殿として取り除けることが報告されている。したがって、切断反応溶液に対してジチオスレイトール(DTT)やエタンチオール(EtSH)を加えることにより反応を停止させ、生成した銀に由来する沈殿を遠心分離により取り除いた。その上清を回収し、変性ゲル電気泳動により分析した。
銀ナノ粒子は表面プラズモン共鳴効果により粒子径に依存した350~700nmの範囲に及ぶ吸収を示すことが知られている。したがって、分散液の吸収スペクトルを取得することにより、分散液中に存在するナノ粒子量を吸光度から見積もることができる。
(a)硝酸銀処理
122μMのPS修飾DNA 20mer(5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’)を2μL測りとり、50mMの硝酸銀水溶液(38μL)と混合したのち、室温で1.5時間インキュベートした。所定の時間に達したら、反応溶液(40μL)に対して60mMのDTT水溶液(40μL)を加えることにより反応を停止させた。この時、銀イオン由来の白色沈殿の生成を確認した。この混合物(80μL)を超脱イオン水(20μL)で希釈しよく混合したのち、15,000rpmで1時間遠心分離することにより沈殿物を除去した。上清を回収し、限外濾過遠心式フィルター(Amicon Ultra 3K、Merck社製)を用い、メーカー推奨プロトコルにしたがい、濃縮した。濃縮したサンプル溶液を、NanoDropを用いて核酸由来の260nmの吸光度を測定することにより切断生成物の定量を行うことにより生成物の回収量を算出した。濃縮後のサンプル溶液を超脱イオン水で希釈し、0.50μM水溶液を調製した。0.50μMの切断生成物溶液を5μL測りとり、2x loading buffer(5μL)と混合した。95℃で5分間処理したのち、15%変性アクリルアミドゲル電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、10x 12cm,30mA,20分,5μLアプライ)により分析した。FAM由来蛍光検出によりゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)を用いてゲル泳動像を取得した。
122μMのPS修飾DNA 20mer(5’-TAACTsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’)を2μL測りとり、100nmの粒子径を持つ銀ナノ粒子の分散液(シグマアルドリッチ社製,0.02mg/mLクエン酸ナトリウム水溶液)(98μL)と混合したのち、90℃で25時間インキュベートした。反応溶液を15,000rpmで1時間遠心分離することにより銀ナノ粒子を沈殿として除去した。上清を回収し、限外濾過遠心式フィルター(Amicon Ultra 3K、Merck社製)を用い、メーカー推奨プロトコルにしたがい、濃縮した。濃縮したサンプル溶液を、NanoDropを用いて核酸由来の260nmの吸光度を測定することにより切断生成物の定量を行うことにより生成物の回収量を算出した。濃縮後のサンプル溶液を超脱イオン水で希釈し、0.50μM水溶液を調製した。0.50μMの切断生成物溶液を5μL測りとり、2x loading buffer(5μL)と混合した。95℃で5分間処理したのち、15%変性アクリルアミドゲル電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、10x 12cm,30mA,20分,5μLアプライ)により分析した。FAM由来蛍光検出によりゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)を用いてゲル泳動像を取得した。その結果を図13に示す。
銀ナノ粒子の表面修飾は末端チオール化されたポリエチレングリコール(PEG-SH)を市販の銀ナノ粒子分散液(酸化防止剤としてクエン酸を含む、粒子径20nm)と混合することにより容易に調製できる。PEG-SHの平均分子量は5,000のものを使用した。ナノ粒子分散液の表面プラズモン共鳴効果に基づく吸収スペクトルを測定することにより、ナノ粒子の分散性を評価した。
PEG4000(ポリエチレングリコール4,000、平均分子量2700~3300、富士フィルム-和光純薬社製)存在下における銀ナノ粒子分散液の吸収スペクトルは、20nmの粒子径を持つ銀ナノ粒子の分散液(シグマアルドリッチ社製,0.02mg/mLクエン酸ナトリウム水溶液)を350μL測りとり、超脱イオン水(910μL)で希釈したのち、15.8g/LのPEG4000水溶液(140μL)を加えることによりサンプル調製し、石英セル(光路長:1cm、光路幅:1cm)を用いて測定した。バッファー・塩類存在下における吸収スペクトルは、20nmの粒子径を持つ銀ナノ粒子の分散液(シグマアルドリッチ社製,0.02mg/mLクエン酸ナトリウム水溶液)を350μL測りとり、超脱イオン水(490μL)で希釈したのち、15.8g/LのPEG4000水溶液(140μL)、100mM Tris-HClバッファー(pH8.3)(140μL)、500mM塩化カリウム水溶液(140μL)、15mM塩化マグネシウム水溶液(140μL)を加えることによりサンプル調製し、石英セル(光路長:1cm、光路幅:1cm)を用いて測定した。測定に用いた装置は日本分光社製の紫外可視分光高度計V-650である。測定条件としては、データ間隔:0.5nm、バンド幅:1.0nm、レスポンス:medium、走査速度:100nm/分に設定した。その結果を図15に示す。
反応追跡実験:化合物5T(100mg,0.13mmol,1.0eq.)、3,5-Bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole(533mg,1.69mmol,13eq.)、d4T(88mg,0.39mmol,3.0eq.)をアセトニトリル(6.76ml)に溶解させ、常温で2~120分間撹拌した。反応開始、2、5、10、30、45、60、120分後に反応液を650μLサンプリングし、NMRサンプルチューブへ移し、リンNMRを測定した。
1H-NMR(600MHz,CHLOROFORM-D)δ 9.15-9.29(m,1H),9.01(s,0H),6.98-7.65(m,15H),6.75-6.85(m,4H),6.19-6.31(m,2H),5.90-5.93(m,1H),4.95(d,J=40.5Hz,1H),4.01-4.36(m,6H),3.67-3.91(m,6H),3.48-3.66(m,1H),3.38-3.46(m,1H),2.55-2.80(m,4H),1.87-2.00(m,3H),1.78(d,J=32.0Hz,3H),1.34-1.56(m,3H),1.15-1.33(m,1H)ppm.
31P-NMR(243MHz,CHLOROFORM-D)27.509,26.278ppm.
1H-NMR(600MHz,CHLOROFORM-D)δ 11.92(d,J=23.1Hz,1H),10.30-10.13(1H),8.60-8.68(m,2H),7.60-7.72(m,2H),7.11-7.30(m,15H),6.92-6.98(m,1H),6.67-6.83(m,4H),6.31(dtd,J=58.3,3.8,2.0Hz,1H),5.94-6.04(m,2H),5.04-5.11(m,1H),4.80-4.93(m,1H),4.31-4.43(m,2H),4.19-4.24(m,1H),3.97-4.12(m,2H),3.75(d,J=5.4Hz,6H),3.26-3.40(m,3H),2.79-2.87(m,1H),2.49-2.68(m,3H),1.87(t,J=1.5Hz,3H),1.14-1.25(m,7H)ppm.
31P-NMR(243MHz,CHLOROFORM-D)29.983,28.438ppm.
図17は、二量体モデル合成における各種活性化剤と、活性剤の濃度、カップリング時間を検討し、目的物の二量体の生成収率を解析した結果である。活性化剤として、1H-テトラゾール(1H-tet)、5-ベンジルチオ-1H-テトラゾール(BTT)、4,5-ジシアノイミダゾール(DCI)、5-[3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]-1H-テトラゾール(BTFTH)を用いた。目的物の収率はリンNMR解析により原料の3’-チオ化アミダイト由来シグナル(160ppm付近)、目的物由来シグナル(190ppm)及び副生生物由来シグナル(ジチオレート体:140ppm付近)の積分比を比較することにより算出した。その結果、1H-tetを用いた場合には、目的物の収率は1.4%だったのに対して(エントリー1)、より酸性度の高いBTTを用いることにより収率19%まで向上した(エントリー2)。より求核性の高い活性化剤であるDCIを用いた場合には、BTTと収率に変化が見られなかった(エントリー3)。さらに、高い酸性度を有するBTFTHを用いると収率が66%まで向上した(エントリー4)。BTFTHが最適な活性化剤であると考え、BTFTHの濃度を0.02Mから0.25Mまで増やしたところ、反応時間2分でほぼ定量的に反応が進行した(エントリー5)。しかしながら、BTFTHを0.25Mで用いた条件において、反応時間を1時間まで伸ばしたところ、目的物の収率は低下し、副生成物であるジチオレート体の生成が確認された(エントリー6)。この結果より、高濃度のBTFTHを用い、短時間で反応を終わらせることが目的物の収率を最大化する上で重要であり、反応時間を増やすことにより目的生成物が更に反応し副生成物へと変換され収率が低下することが示された。3’-チオ化アミダイトのカップリング反応後、酸化剤として、0.01Mヨウ素/ピリジン/水溶液又はテトラブチルアンモニウム過ヨウ素酸を加えることにより、リン原子の3価から5価への酸化を行い、3’チオリン酸結合を有する二量体モデルを合成した。
化合物5T(100mg,0.13mmol,1.0eq.)、3,5-Bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole(533mg,1.69mmol,13eq.)、d4T(88mg,0.39mmol,3.0eq.)をアセトニトリル(6.76ml)に溶解させ、常温で2~120分間撹拌した。反応開始、2、5、10、30、45、60、120分後に反応液を650μLサンプリングし、NMRサンプルチューブへ移し、リンNMRを測定した。
化合物5T及び市販のホスホロアミダイト試薬(ChemGenes)を用い、常法に従い核酸自動合成機NR-2A 7MX(日本テクノサービス社製)によりオリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチド5’-TAA Ts CATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’を合成した。Tsは3’チオ化を施したチミジン塩基を示す。また、3’末端にはフルオレセイン(FAM)を導入した。各種アミダイト試薬は50mMのアセトニトリル溶液とし、化合物5Tのみ150mMのアセトニトリル溶液として使用した。アクチベーターとしてはBTFTH、酸化剤としては0.05Mのヨウ素(ピリジン/水;v/v:9/1)溶液を使用した。カップリング条件の検討として、0.25M又は1.0MのBTFTHを用い、20~450秒間で2~5回のカップリングを検討した。また、固相担体として6-FAM-glycerol support 500Å(ChemGenes社製)を用いることにより3’末端へFAMが導入される設計とした。合成はFinal DMTr-ONに設定し、5’-末端水酸基上のDMTr基を残した状態で取り出した。合成終了後、固相担体に濃アンモニア水(500μL)と40%メチルアミン水溶液(500μL)を加え、65℃で1時間処理することにより固相担体からの切り出し及び脱保護を行った。上清をMillex LHフィルター(0.45μm,メルク社製)を用いてろ過したのち、ろ液を遠心エバポレーターにより減圧下乾固した。得られオリゴヌクレオチドを超脱イオン水に再溶解し、260nmにおける吸収を測定することで濃度を算出した。生成物を逆相HPLCで分析することにより5’-水酸基保護基としてDMTr基が残った状態の目的物に由来するピーク(保持時間17.2分)と3’チオ化アミダイト5Tの導入段階で合成が停止した産物及び切断された産物に由来するピーク(保持時間8.0~12.0分付近)とのピーク面積比を算出した。HPLC分析条件は以下の通りである。
カラム:Hydrosphere C18(250x 10.0mml.D.,S-5μm,12nm,HS12S05-2510WT,Ser.No.131EA90023)、溶離液 A:5% アセトニトリルを含む50mM 酢酸トリエチルアンモニウム(pH7.0),溶離液B:アセトニトリル,グラジエント条件:流速:3mL/分,カラム温度:50℃,検出波長:260nm.
化合物5T及び市販のホスホロアミダイト試薬(ChemGenes)を用い、常法に従い核酸自動合成機NR-2A 7MX(日本テクノサービス社製)によりオリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチド5’-TAA Ts CATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’を合成した。Tsは3’チオ化を施したチミジン塩基を示す。また、3’末端にはフルオレセイン(FAM)を導入した。各種アミダイト試薬は50mMのアセトニトリル溶液とし、化合物5Tのみ150mMのアセトニトリル溶液として使用した。アクチベーターとしては0.25M BTFTH(90秒で5回カップリング)、酸化剤としては0.05Mのヨウ素(ピリジン/水;v/v:9/1)溶液を使用した。また、固相担体として6-FAM-glycerol support 500Å(ChemGenes社製)を用いることにより3’末端へFAMが導入される設計とした。合成はFinal DMTr-ONに設定し、5’-末端水酸基上のDMTr基を残した状態で取り出した。合成終了後、固相担体に濃アンモニア水(500μL)と40%メチルアミン水溶液(500μL)を加え、65℃で1時間処理することにより固相担体からの切り出し及び脱保護を行った。上清をMillex LHフィルター(0.45μm,メルク社製)を用いてろ過したのち、ろ液を遠心エバポレーターにより減圧下乾固した。得られオリゴヌクレオチドを超脱イオン水に再溶解し、260nmにおける吸収を測定することで濃度を算出した。5’-DMTr保護DNAを逆相HPLCで分取したのち、10%酢酸水溶液を加え、室温で一時間処理することによりDMTr基を脱保護し、目的のオリゴDNAを得た。HPLC分析条件は以下の通りである。
カラム:Hydrosphere C18(250x 10.0mml.D.,S-5μm,12nm,HS12S05-2510WT,Ser.No.131EA90023)、溶離液A:5%アセトニトリルを含む50mM 酢酸トリエチルアンモニウム(pH7.0),溶離液B:アセトニトリル,グラジエント条件:流速:3mL/分,カラム温度:50℃,検出波長:260nm.
化合物5T及び市販のホスホロアミダイト試薬(ChemGenes)を用い、常法に従い核酸自動合成機NR-2A 7MX(日本テクノサービス社製)によりオリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチド5’-ATGAAACGCCGAGTTsAACGCCATCAAAAATsAATTCGCGTCTGGCCTTCCTsG-3’を合成した。Tsは3’チオ化を施したチミジン塩基を示す。各種アミダイト試薬は50mMのアセトニトリル溶液とし、化合物5Tのみ150mMのアセトニトリル溶液として使用した。アクチベーターとしては0.25M BTFTH(90秒で5回カップリング)、酸化剤としては0.05Mのヨウ素(ピリジン/水;v/v:9/1)溶液を使用した。合成はFinal DMTr-ONに設定し、5’-末端水酸基上のDMTr基を残した状態で取り出した。合成終了後、固相担体に濃アンモニア水(500μL)と40%メチルアミン水溶液(500μL)を加え、65℃で1時間処理することにより固相担体からの切り出し及び脱保護を行った。上清をMillex LHフィルター(0.45μm,メルク社製)を用いてろ過したのち、ろ液を遠心エバポレーターにより減圧下乾固した。得られオリゴヌクレオチドを超脱イオン水に再溶解し、260nmにおける吸収を測定することで濃度を算出した。5’-DMTr保護DNAを逆相HPLCで分取したのち、10%酢酸水溶液を加え、室温で一時間処理することによりDMTr基を脱保護し、目的のオリゴDNAを得た。HPLC分析条件は以下の通りである。
カラム:Hydrosphere C18(250x 10.0mml.D.,S-5μm,12nm,HS12S05-2510WT,Ser.No.131EA90023)、溶離液A:5%アセトニトリルを含む50mM酢酸トリエチルアンモニウム(pH7.0),溶離液B:アセトニトリル,グラジエント条件:流速:3mL/分,カラム温度:50℃,検出波長:260nm.
化合物5T及び市販のホスホロアミダイト試薬(ChemGenes)を用い、常法に従い核酸自動合成機NR-2A 7MX(日本テクノサービス社製)によりオリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチドを合成した。Tsは3’チオ化を施したチミジン塩基を示す。各種アミダイト試薬は50mMのアセトニトリル溶液とし、化合物5Tのみ150mMのアセトニトリル溶液として使用した。アクチベーターとしては0.25M BTFTH(90秒で5回カップリング)、酸化剤としては0.05Mのヨウ素(ピリジン/水;v/v:9/1)溶液を使用した。合成はFinal DMTr-ONに設定し、5’-末端水酸基上のDMTr基を残した状態で取り出した。合成終了後、固相担体に濃アンモニア水(500μL)と40%メチルアミン水溶液(500μL)を加え、65℃で1時間処理することにより固相担体からの切り出し及び脱保護を行った。上清をMillex LHフィルター(0.45μm,メルク社製)を用いてろ過したのち、ろ液を遠心エバポレーターにより減圧下乾固した。得られオリゴヌクレオチドを超脱イオン水に再溶解し、260nmにおける吸収を測定することで濃度を算出した。5’-DMTr保護DNAを逆相HPLCで分取したのち、10%酢酸水溶液を加え、室温で一時間処理することによりDMTr基を脱保護し、目的のオリゴDNAを得た。HPLC分析条件は以下の通りである。
カラム:Hydrosphere C18(250x 10.0mml.D.,S-5μm,12nm,HS12S05-2510WT,Ser.No.131EA90023)、溶離液A:5%アセトニトリルを含む50mM 酢酸トリエチルアンモニウム(pH7.0),溶離液B:アセトニトリル,グラジエント条件:流速:3mL/分,カラム温度:50℃,検出波長:260nm.
化合物6A及び市販のホスホロアミダイト試薬(ChemGenes)を用い、常法に従い核酸自動合成機NR-2A 7MX(日本テクノサービス社製)によりオリゴデオキシリボヌクレオチド5’-TAACAs CACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3を合成した。Asは3’チオ化を施したチミジン塩基を示す。各種アミダイト試薬は50mMのアセトニトリル溶液とし、化合物5Tのみ150mMのアセトニトリル溶液として使用した。アクチベーターとしては0.25M BTFTH(450秒で2回カップリング)、酸化剤としては0.05Mのヨウ素(ピリジン/水;v/v:9/1)溶液を使用した。合成はFinal DMTr-ONに設定し、5’-末端水酸基上のDMTr基を残した状態で取り出した。合成終了後、固相担体に濃アンモニア水(500μL)と40%メチルアミン水溶液(500μL)を加え、65℃で1時間処理することにより固相担体からの切り出し及び脱保護を行った。上清をMillex LHフィルター(0.45μm,メルク社製)を用いてろ過したのち、ろ液を遠心エバポレーターにより減圧下乾固した。得られオリゴヌクレオチドを超脱イオン水に再溶解し、260nmにおける吸収を測定することで濃度を算出した。5’-DMTr保護DNAを逆相HPLCで分取したのち、10%酢酸水溶液を加え、室温で一時間処理することによりDMTr基を脱保護し、目的のオリゴDNAを得た。HPLC 分析条件は以下の通りである。
カラム:Hydrosphere C18(250x 10.0mml.D.,S-5μm,12nm,HS12S05-2510WT,Ser.No.131EA90023)、溶離液A:5%アセトニトリルを含む50mM酢酸トリエチルアンモニウム(pH7.0),溶離液B:アセトニトリル,グラジエント条件:流速:3mL/分,カラム温度:50℃,検出波長:260nm.
PS修飾DNA(5’-TAACAsCACATTAATTGCGTT-FAM-3’)と相補鎖DNA(5’-AACGCAATTAATGTGTGTTA-3’)をそれぞれ3μMとなるように混合し、95℃で3分間処理後、氷浴上にて10分以上冷却することによりアニーリングを行なった。アニーリング後の溶液を9μL測りとり51μLの表面PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子分散液(10nm)を加え、50℃で所定の時間インキュベーションした。表面PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子分散液は、50μLの市販の銀ナノ粒子分散液(sigma-aldrich社製、10nm,0.02mg/mL)に対して1μLの末端チオールPEG水溶液(23.9g/L)を加えることで調製した。反応溶液を30μL測りとり30μLの2x loading bufferを加えた。95℃で5分間加熱処理したのち、15%変性アクリルアミド電気泳動(7.5M尿素を含む、10x12cm,30mA,20分,6μLアプライ)により分析した。FAM由来蛍光検出によりゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)を用いてゲル泳動像を取得した。
図26は、図23で合成した4種プライマーDNAを用いたPCR増幅産物の銀ナノ粒子切断による34塩基長の接着末端調整とそれらの切断産物のライゲーション産物の配列を示す実験系の模式図である。
20μMチオ化Forwardプライマー(1.25μL)、20μMチオ化Reverseプライマー(1.25μL)、10ng/μLテンプレートDNA(2.5μL)、2mM dNTP混合物(5μL)、25mM硫酸マグネシウム(3μL)、10x PCR Buffer for KOD-Plus-Neo(5μL)、超脱イオン水(31μL)を混合し、1U/μL KOD-Plus-Neo(1μL)を加えたのち、サーマルサイクラー(BioRad社製)を用いて、95℃で2分間処理した。つづいて、変性(95℃、15秒)-アニーリング(55℃、15秒)-鎖伸長(68℃、30秒)を30サイクル行うことによりDNA増幅した。PCR産物をwizard column(プロメガ社製)を用い、メーカー推奨プロトコルに従い精製し、チオ化DNAを得た。
7.5nM PCR産物チオ化DNA(225fmol/sample)を超脱イオン水に溶解し4.5μLの水溶液を調製した。10nmの銀ナノ粒子(シグマアルドリッチ社製、200μg/mLクエン酸バッファー懸濁液、25μL)と末端チオール修飾PEG(シグマアルドリッチ社製、23.9g/L水溶液、0.5μL)を混合することにより、PEG修飾銀ナノ粒子を調製した。調製したPCR産物チオ化DNA水溶液(4.5μL)とPEG修飾銀ナノ粒子分散液(25.5μL)を混合したのち、50℃で4時間処理することによりSP結合の切断を行い、接着末端を調製した。
7.5nM銀ナノ粒子処理産物DNA_1(3.6μL)、7.5nM銀ナノ粒子処理産物DNA_2(3.6μL)、10x T4 DNA Ligase Reaction Buffer(New England BioLabs社製、0.90μL)、超脱イオン水(0.45μL)を混合したのち、T4 DNAリガーゼ(New England BioLabs社製、2000U/μL、0.45μL)を加え、25℃で3時間インキュベーションした。反応溶液(9μL)に対して、1μLの10x ローディングバッファーを加え、1%アガロールゲル電気泳動(泳動バッファー:1x TBE、100V、30分)により分析した。10,000x SYBR green I溶液を用い30分間振盪することによりゲルの染色を行い、ゲルイメージアナライザー(BioRad社製)によりゲル泳動像を取得した。
Claims (14)
- 下記式(1)で示される構造を有する切断対象核酸を調製する核酸調製工程と、
前記切断対象核酸と切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で前記切断対象核酸を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有する核酸を生成させる切断工程と、を備え、
前記切断剤が、銀、水銀及びカドミウムからなる群より選択される原子を含む金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする核酸鎖切断方法。
- 前記切断剤が銀ナノ粒子であり、前記Xが硫黄であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の核酸鎖切断方法。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の平均粒径が1~20nmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の核酸鎖切断方法。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の表面にポリエチレングリコールが結合していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の核酸鎖切断方法。
- 前記核酸調製工程は、5-[3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]-1H-テトラゾールを活性化剤としてホスホロアミダイト法で合成することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の核酸鎖切断方法。
- 前記核酸調製工程は、前記切断対象核酸の一部をホスホロアミダイト法で合成してプライマーとし、前記切断対象核酸と相補的な配列を有するテンプレートDNAを鋳型として、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応を複数サイクル行い、前記テンプレートDNAに沿って前記プライマーを伸長させることで前記切断対象核酸を生成することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の核酸鎖切断方法。
- 下記式(1)で示される構造を有する切断対象核酸を調製する核酸調製手段と、
前記切断対象核酸と切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で前記切断対象核酸を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有する核酸を生成させる切断手段と、
を備え、
前記切断剤が、銀、水銀及びカドミウムからなる群より選択される原子を含む金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする核酸鎖切断装置。
- 前記核酸調製手段は、5-[3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]-1H-テトラゾールを活性化剤としてホスホロアミダイト法で合成することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の核酸鎖切断装置。
- 接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを製造するための二本鎖DNAの製造方法であって、
センス鎖と、前記センス鎖と相補的な配列を有するアンチセンス鎖と、から構成される切断対象二本鎖DNAであって、前記センス鎖及びアンチセンス鎖の少なくとも一方に下記式(1)で示される構造を有する切断対象二本鎖DNAを調製する二本鎖DNA調製工程と、
前記切断対象二本鎖DNAと切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で前記センス鎖及び/又は前記アンチセンス鎖を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有し、かつ接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを生成させる接着末端生成工程と、を備え、
前記切断剤が、銀、水銀及びカドミウムからなる群より選択される原子を含む金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする二本鎖DNAの製造方法。
- 前記切断対象二本鎖DNAは、前記式(1)で示される構造を複数有しており、各構造の間のヌクレオチド数が10以下であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の二本鎖DNAの製造装置。
- 接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを製造するための二本鎖DNAの製造装置であって、
センス鎖と、前記センス鎖と相補的な配列を有するアンチセンス鎖と、から構成される切断対象二本鎖DNAであって、前記センス鎖及びアンチセンス鎖の少なくとも一方に下記式(1)で示される構造を有する切断対象二本鎖DNAを調製する二本鎖DNA調製手段と、
前記切断対象二本鎖DNAと切断剤とを反応させて前記式(1)のXの部分で前記センス鎖及び/又は前記アンチセンス鎖を切断し、下記式(2)で示される構造を有し、かつ接着末端を有する二本鎖DNAを生成させる接着末端生成手段と、を備え、
前記切断剤が、銀、水銀及びカドミウムからなる群より選択される原子を含む金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする二本鎖DNAの製造装置。
- 前記切断対象二本鎖DNAは、前記式(1)で示される構造を複数有しており、各構造の間のヌクレオチド数が10以下であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の二本鎖DNAの製造方法。
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Non-Patent Citations (6)
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COOK A F, HOLMAN M J, NUSSBAUM A L: "Nucleoside S-alkyl phosphorothioates. II. Preparation and chemical and enzymatic properties", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 91, no. 6, 12 March 1969 (1969-03-12), pages 1522 - 1527, XP002597133, ISSN: 0002-7863, DOI: 10.1021/ja01034a040 * |
COSSTICK RICHARD, VYLE JOSEPH S.: "Synthesis and phosphorus–sulphur bond cleavage of 3′-thiothymidylyl(3′-5′)thymidine", JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY, no. 15, 1 January 1988 (1988-01-01), GB , pages 992 - 993, XP093053165, ISSN: 0022-4936, DOI: 10.1039/C39880000992 * |
ELZAGHEID MOHAMED I, MATTILA KATI, OIVANEN MIKKO, JONES BRYAN C N M, COSSTICK RICHARD, LÖNNBERG HARRI: "Hydrolytic Reactions of the cis-Methyl Ester of 3Ј-Deoxy-3Ј-thiothymidine 3Ј,5Ј-Cyclic(phosphorothiolate)", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 2000, no. 10, 1 May 2000 (2000-05-01), pages 1987 - 1991, XP093053169 * |
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VYLE J S ET AL: "Sequence- and strand-specific cleavage in oligodeoxyribonucleotides and DNA containing 3'-thiothymidine.", BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 31, no. 11, 24 March 1992 (1992-03-24), pages 3012 - 3018, XP002417213, ISSN: 0006-2960, DOI: 10.1021/bi00126a024 * |
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