WO2023045603A1 - 一种车架及汽车 - Google Patents

一种车架及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023045603A1
WO2023045603A1 PCT/CN2022/111490 CN2022111490W WO2023045603A1 WO 2023045603 A1 WO2023045603 A1 WO 2023045603A1 CN 2022111490 W CN2022111490 W CN 2022111490W WO 2023045603 A1 WO2023045603 A1 WO 2023045603A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
longitudinal beam
steering
vehicle frame
shell
frame according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/111490
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙晓伟
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22871661.9A priority Critical patent/EP4289705A1/en
Publication of WO2023045603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023045603A1/zh
Priority to US18/351,070 priority patent/US20230356781A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/11—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted with resilient means for suspension, e.g. of wheels or engine; sub-frames for mounting engine or suspensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/02—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted comprising longitudinally or transversely arranged frame members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having leaf springs only
    • B60G11/10—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having leaf springs only characterised by means specially adapted for attaching the spring to axle or sprung part of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D3/00—Steering gears
    • B62D3/02—Steering gears mechanical
    • B62D3/12—Steering gears mechanical of rack-and-pinion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/20—Links, e.g. track rods

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to a vehicle frame and an automobile.
  • the automobile frame needs to have a crossbeam or a subframe for the box packer to be installed and fixed, so that the tie rod of the steering gear is connected with the steering knuckle on the wheel hub to pull the front wheel of the automobile to rotate.
  • the inventors of the present application found in research that the existing installation method of the steering gear will result in a heavier vehicle body, thereby increasing fuel consumption, and resulting in a decline in product competitiveness in the current environment of energy saving and emission reduction.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle frame and a vehicle, so as to ensure the torsional mode and rigidity of the vehicle while reducing the weight of the vehicle body.
  • a vehicle frame including a longitudinal beam and a steering gear;
  • the steering gear includes a casing and a steering tie rod slidably arranged in the casing; two ends of the casing are respectively connected to the The longitudinal beam is fixedly connected; the two ends of the steering rod protrude from the outer side of the longitudinal beam respectively, and are used for flexible connection with the wheels, and the steering rod drives the wheels to turn when sliding.
  • the vehicle frame provided by the embodiment of the present application cancels the crossbeams arranged between the longitudinal beams, and by fixing the two ends of the shell with the longitudinal beams, the load-bearing effect of the shell on the longitudinal beams is realized, thereby ensuring The torsional modes and stiffness of the full vehicle.
  • the longitudinal beam is set on the inner side of the wheel, and the two ends of the steering tie rod protrude from the outer side of the longitudinal beam respectively, and are used for flexible connection with the outer wheel, so that the wheels at both ends are driven to turn by sliding the steering tie rod in the casing, which not only realizes the
  • the fixed assembly and the control of the steering of the wheels also ensure the torsional mode and stiffness of the vehicle.
  • the longitudinal beam is provided with a through hole, and the two ends of the shell are fixed in the through hole; out of the through hole.
  • the two ends of the shell are fixed in the through holes, which not only realizes the assembly and fixing of the shell and the longitudinal beams, but also ensures that the shell plays a good load-bearing role between the longitudinal beams, thereby ensuring the frame
  • the strength and rigidity of the overall structure enable the vehicle to have a good torsional mode during subsequent assembly.
  • a support sleeve is disposed in the through hole, and both ends of the housing are fixed in the support sleeve.
  • the support sleeve is welded to the longitudinal beam.
  • the support sleeve is welded to the longitudinal beam to ensure that the support sleeve is fully limited in the axial direction, thereby improving the stability of the assembly connection between the steering gear and the longitudinal beam, and ensuring the overall strength and bearing capacity of the frame.
  • limiting portions are provided at both ends of the housing, and the limiting portions abut against inner side walls of the longitudinal beams.
  • Limiting parts are arranged at both ends of the housing, and the limiting part abuts against the inner side wall of the longitudinal beam to realize the axial limiting and fixing when the housing of the steering gear and the longitudinal beam are assembled and connected.
  • the limiting portion includes a flange or a protrusion provided on the housing.
  • the flange abuts against the inner side wall of the longitudinal beam to achieve the axial fixation of the steering gear.
  • the axial limit of the shell is realized by the abutment of the protrusion and the inner side wall of the longitudinal beam. Since the protrusion and the shell are integrally structured, the structural stability is higher, and the limit effect of the connection between the shell and the longitudinal beam is better.
  • both ends of the shell protrude outside the stringer, and the shell is provided with an external thread at a position protruding outside the stringer; the external thread is connected to There is a threaded connection which abuts against the outer side wall of the stringer.
  • the two ends of the casing protrude from the outside of the stringer, and the external thread is provided at the position where the casing protrudes outside the stringer, and the threaded connector is connected to the external thread on the one hand, and on the other hand, abuts against the outer wall of the stringer , so as to realize the assembly connection between the part of the shell protruding from the outer side of the longitudinal beam and the longitudinal beam, ensure the structural stability of the steering gear in the frame, and then improve the overall strength and stability of the frame.
  • a gasket is sleeved between the threaded connector and the outer side wall of the longitudinal beam, and the two sides of the gasket are respectively connected to the outer side wall of the longitudinal beam and the outer side wall of the longitudinal beam.
  • the above-mentioned threaded connection is abutted.
  • the gasket is welded to the shell and the longitudinal beam respectively.
  • the stability of the relative position between the gasket, the longitudinal beam and the shell can be further ensured, so that the connection structure between the shell and the longitudinal beam is stable and reliable, and the overall structural strength and integrity of the frame can be guaranteed.
  • the torsional mode of the car is welded to the shell and the longitudinal beam respectively.
  • a car including the vehicle frame as described in any one of the above items.
  • the crossbeams arranged between the longitudinal beams are canceled, and the bearing function of the outer shell on the longitudinal beams is realized by fixing the two ends of the outer shell to the longitudinal beams. , so as to ensure the overall torsional mode and stiffness of the car.
  • the longitudinal beam is set on the inner side of the wheel, and the two ends of the steering tie rod protrude from the outer side of the longitudinal beam respectively, and are used for flexible connection with the outer wheel, so that the wheels at both ends are driven to turn by sliding the steering tie rod in the casing, which not only realizes the
  • the fixed assembly and the control of the steering of the wheels also ensure the overall torsional mode and stiffness of the car.
  • the automobile further includes a front wheel arranged on the outside of the longitudinal beam, the front wheel has a steering knuckle; both ends of the steering tie rod are rotatably connected to the steering knuckle, the When the steering rod slides, the steering knuckle drives the front wheels to turn.
  • the two ends of the steering rod protruding from the outer side of the longitudinal beam are connected with the steering knuckle to realize the steering control of the front wheel by the steering rod, so as to reduce the overall weight of the car and meet the working position conditions of the steering gear assembly.
  • the automobile further includes a leaf spring, the leaf spring is fixedly connected to the housing and the longitudinal beam, and both ends of the leaf spring are fixedly connected to the front wheels.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic structural diagram of the vehicle frame provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of one end of the steering gear in the vehicle frame provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 1000 battery 100, controller 200, motor 300;
  • Frame 10 longitudinal beam 11, through hole 111, steering gear 12, housing 121, steering rod 122, support sleeve 13, limiting part 14, flange 141, external thread 15, threaded connector 16, washer 17;
  • Car 1 front wheel 20 , steering knuckle 21 , first part 31 , second part 32 , third part 33 , fourth part 34 .
  • the frame is a frame structure spanning the front and rear axles of the car, commonly known as the girder, and is the base of the car. Generally, it consists of two longitudinal beams and several cross beams, and is supported on the wheels via the suspension device, the front axle and the rear axle.
  • the frame must have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the load of the car and the impact from the wheels.
  • the function of the frame is to support and connect the various assemblies of the automobile, keep each assembly in a relatively correct position, and bear various loads inside and outside the automobile.
  • the existing automobile frame needs to have both longitudinal beams and cross beams, that is, it needs to have both longitudinal beams in the direction of front and rear wheels and cross beams in the direction between the front wheels and the direction between the rear wheels.
  • the main structure of the machine is generally installed on the crossbeam in the direction between the front wheels.
  • some vehicles will be equipped with a sub-frame for installing and fixing the main body of the steering gear.
  • the inventor of the present application has noticed that whether it is the beam or the sub-frame, the overall mass of the vehicle will increase, and the increase in the mass of the vehicle also means that the fuel consumption will increase.
  • energy conservation and emission reduction are advocated globally. Under the general environment, resulting in a decline in product competitiveness.
  • the inventors of the present application found in the research that the torsional mode and rigidity of the vehicle can be guaranteed while reducing the weight of the vehicle body by combining the steering gear structure with the vehicle longitudinal beam.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the steering gear itself has good strength and rigidity through inspection and testing, so that the steering gear can be fixed between the longitudinal beams instead of the beam, and through reasonable structural settings, the two ends of the steering gear rod It is flexibly connected with the wheels.
  • the steering gear acts as a support for the frame beam to ensure the torsional mode and rigidity of the vehicle.
  • the structural integration of the beam and the steering gear on the existing vehicle body is simplified into a single steering gear structure, thereby reducing the weight of the vehicle body and achieving the purpose of light weight.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • a vehicle frame 10 is provided, please refer to FIG. 2 for details, which shows the structure of the vehicle frame 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle frame 10 includes a longitudinal beam 11 and a steering gear 12.
  • the steering gear 12 includes a housing 121 and a steering tie rod 122 slidably arranged in the housing 121.
  • the two ends of the housing 121 are respectively fixedly connected with the longitudinal beam 11. They respectively protrude from the outer side of the longitudinal beam 11 and are used for flexible connection with the wheels.
  • the steering tie rod 122 slides, it drives the wheels to turn.
  • the casing 121 of the steering gear 12 is sleeved on the outside of the steering rod 122.
  • the two ends of the casing 121 can be installed through the longitudinal beams 11, or can be fixedly connected with the longitudinal beams 11 through a connecting structure.
  • the casing 121 is fixed between the longitudinal beams 11, so as to Bearing pressure and torsional moments between the longitudinal beams 11.
  • Longitudinal beam 11 is arranged along the front and rear direction of the vehicle, is one of the key parts in the vehicle frame, and plays an important load-bearing role on the automobile.
  • Longitudinal beams are usually stamped from low-alloy steel plates, and the cross-sectional shape is generally groove-shaped, and some are made into Z-shaped or box-shaped cross-sections.
  • Steering machine 12 is when the driver turns steering wheel, helps driver exert oneself, to alleviate the driver's dynamic force when turning, reaches the machine of the easy and convenient purpose of the driver when driving.
  • Steering gear is mainly divided into rack and pinion steering and worm gear steering.
  • Power steering devices are generally divided into three types according to the driving mode, namely: electric motor power steering, rack and pinion hydraulic power steering and electrohydraulic power steering.
  • the two ends of the steering rod 122 are used to connect with the steering knuckle on the wheel hub.
  • the steering rod 122 is driven by electric motor, rack and pinion hydraulic drive or electrohydraulic drive, when the steering rod 122 slides relative to the housing 121, the two ends pull the wheel hub for steering. help.
  • the vehicle frame 10 Compared with the existing vehicle frame, the vehicle frame 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application cancels the cross beams arranged between the longitudinal beams, and by fixing the two ends of the outer shell 121 to the longitudinal beams 11, the attachment of the outer shell 121 to the longitudinal beams 11 is realized. Bearing effect, thereby ensuring the torsional mode and stiffness of the vehicle.
  • the longitudinal beam 11 is arranged on the inner side of the wheel, and the two ends of the steering rod 122 respectively protrude from the outer side of the longitudinal beam 11 for flexible connection with the outer wheel, so that the steering rod 122 slides in the casing 121 to drive the wheels at both ends to turn. This not only realizes the assembly and fixation of the steering gear 12 and the control of the steering of the wheels, but also ensures the torsional mode and rigidity of the whole vehicle.
  • the longitudinal beam 11 is provided with a through hole 111, the two ends of the shell 121 are fixed in the through hole 111, the steering rod 122 is penetrated in the through hole 111, and the two ends protruding from the outside of the through hole 111 .
  • the two ends of the shell 121 are fixed in the through hole 111, which not only realizes the assembly and fixing of the shell 121 and the longitudinal beam 11, but also ensures that the shell 121 plays a good role between the longitudinal beams 11.
  • the load-bearing effect can ensure the strength and rigidity of the overall structure of the vehicle frame 10, so that the whole vehicle can have a good torsional mode during subsequent assembly.
  • the two ends of the shell 121 can also be screwed or welded to the longitudinal beam 121 through threaded connectors.
  • the beam 11 is fixed, and the specific connection structure and connection method are not limited, as long as the steering tie rod 122 can protrude from the outside of the longitudinal beam 11, and the vehicle frame 10 can meet the requirements of vehicle structural strength and the like.
  • FIG. 3 shows the connection structure between the two ends of the shell 121 and the through hole 111 in the vehicle frame 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a support sleeve 13 is disposed in the through hole 111 , and both ends of the housing 121 are fixed in the support sleeve 13 .
  • the structure of the longitudinal beam at the through hole 111 is relatively weak, and the stability is poor, so by setting the support sleeve 13 in the through hole 111 The supporting sleeve 13 supports the inner wall of the through hole 111 , thereby improving the structural strength of the longitudinal beam 11 at the through hole 111 , and ensuring that the vehicle frame 10 has a good and stable bearing capacity.
  • the outer diameter of the support sleeve 13 can be slightly larger than the inner diameter of the through hole 111, and the support sleeve 13 is arranged in the through hole 111 by riveting, on the one hand, the stability of the support sleeve 13 and the through hole 111 can be ensured. On the other hand, the support sleeve 13 can fully and effectively support the through hole 111 .
  • the supporting sleeve 13 is preferably made of steel, which has high structural strength and can ensure good supporting capacity of the supporting sleeve 13 .
  • the support sleeve 13 is welded to the stringer 11 .
  • the limit capacity is relatively poor. Therefore, in order to avoid the support sleeve 13 and the through hole
  • the connection between the holes 111 is loose, causing the support sleeve 13 to slip and the structure of the steering gear 12 to be damaged.
  • the support sleeve 13 is welded to the longitudinal beam 11 to ensure that the support sleeve 13 is fully limited in the axial direction. Furthermore, the stability of the assembly connection between the steering gear 12 and the longitudinal beam 11 is improved, and the overall strength and bearing capacity of the vehicle frame 10 are ensured.
  • the welding of the support sleeve 13 and the longitudinal beam 11 can adopt the mode of welding seam connection, specifically, along the outer edge circumferential direction of the openings at both ends of the through hole 111 on the longitudinal beam 11, weld with the support sleeve 13 to ensure that the support sleeve 13 and the longitudinal beam 11 are fully and effectively welded and fixed, and such a welding method is easy to operate and is conducive to improving the efficiency of welding assembly.
  • the two ends of the housing 121 are provided with limiting portions 14, and the limiting portions 14 abut against the inner side walls of the longitudinal beams 11.
  • the two ends of the housing 121 are provided with a limiter 14, and the inner wall of the longitudinal beam 11 is abutted by the limiter 14, so that the housing 121 of the steering gear 12 is aligned with the longitudinal beam 12.
  • the beam 11 is assembled and connected, it is limited and fixed in the axial direction.
  • the limiting portion 14 includes a flange 141 or a protrusion disposed on the housing 121 .
  • Flange is otherwise known as flange flange or flange.
  • Flanges are parts that are connected to each other between shafts and are used for connection between pipe ends; they are also useful for flanges on equipment inlets and outlets, And can be used as connection between two equipments, example reducer flanges.
  • Flange connection or flange joint refers back to the detachable connection of flange, Gasket and bolt as a team of combined sealing structure.
  • Pipe flange refers back to the flange used for piping in the pipeline installation, And used on the equipment refers to the inlet and outlet flange of the equipment. There are holes in the flange, and the bolts tightly connect the two flanges. The flanges are sealed with gaskets.
  • Flanges are divided into threaded (screw connection) flanges, welding flanges and clip flanges.
  • Flanges are usually employed in pairs, very poor-work pipes can use wire flanges and welding flanges with pressures greater than 4 kg. Add sealing points within the two flanges, immediately after tighten with bolts. Flanges with different pressures have different thicknesses, and the bolts they use are also different.
  • flange connection All connecting parts that are closed at the same time by using bolts around the two planes are generally called "flanges".
  • the connection of ventilation pipes, such parts can be called “flange parts”. But this connection is only a part of the equipment, Such as the text between the flange and the pump, It is not easy to call the pump 'flange parts'. Smaller ones such like valves Wait, always be called 'flange parts'.
  • the flange 141 in the embodiment of the present application can be sleeved and fixed on both ends of the casing 121 of the steering gear 12 by riveting or welding. fixed.
  • connecting holes can be arranged in the circumferential direction on the flange 141, and the flange 141 can be further connected and fixed with the longitudinal beam 11 by passing through the connecting holes; of course, the outer edge of the flange 141 can also be connected with the longitudinal beam 11 are welded together, the stability of the connection between the flange 141 and the longitudinal beam 11 can also be improved, thereby fully ensuring the limit ability of the shell 121 .
  • the limiting part 14 can also form ring-shaped or other shaped protrusions by protruding outward from the surfaces at both ends of the shell 121 , and through the connection between the protrusion and the inner side wall of the longitudinal beam 11
  • the abutment realizes the axial limit of the casing 121 , and since the protrusion is integrated with the casing 121 , the structural stability is higher, and the limiting effect of the connection between the casing 121 and the longitudinal beam 11 is better.
  • the protrusions can be further connected and fixed to the longitudinal beam 11 through threaded connectors or fixed by welding, so as to fully ensure the stability of the assembly connection between the shell 121 and the longitudinal beam 11, and improve the overall strength and stability of the frame 10. Carrying capacity.
  • both ends of the housing 121 protrude from the outside of the stringer 11, and the housing 121 is provided with an external thread 15 at a position protruding from the outside of the stringer 11.
  • the external thread 15 A threaded connection piece 16 is connected to the top, and the threaded connection piece 16 abuts against the outer side wall of the longitudinal beam 11 .
  • Threaded connection is a widely used detachable fixed connection, which has the advantages of simple structure, reliable connection, and convenient assembly and disassembly.
  • the traditional thread inspection method is to use thread gauges for contact or use a universal tool microscope for manual measurement.
  • the workload is heavy, the working efficiency is low, and the measurement results are easily affected by human beings.
  • the thread gauge is easy to wear, which affects the measurement accuracy, and the cost of replacing the gauge is also high.
  • automatic thread detection equipment is needed to solve the bottleneck problem of thread detection, so as to improve the benefits of fastener enterprises.
  • the thread can be divided into triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal and zigzag threads, etc.
  • the winding direction of the helix it can be divided into left-handed thread and right-handed thread. It is stipulated that when the thread is upright, the helix rises to the right to become a right-handed thread, and to rise to the left to become a left-handed thread.
  • Right-handed threads are generally used in machinery manufacturing, and left-handed threads are only used when there are special requirements.
  • the number of helices it can be divided into single thread and equidistant multi-thread. For the convenience of manufacturing, the thread generally does not exceed 4 lines.
  • the two ends of the shell 121 are protruded from the outside of the stringer 11, and the external thread 15 is set at the position where the shell 121 protrudes from the outside of the stringer 11, through the screw thread
  • the connecting piece 16 is connected to the external thread 15 on the one hand, and on the other hand, abuts against the outer side wall of the longitudinal beam 11.
  • the threaded connecting piece 16 can use a nut, for example, to realize the connection between the part of the shell 121 protruding from the outer side of the longitudinal beam 11 and the longitudinal beam 11. The assembly connection between them ensures the structural stability of the steering gear 12 in the vehicle frame 10, thereby improving the overall strength and stability of the vehicle frame 10.
  • the shell 121 is provided with a gasket 17 between the threaded connector 16 and the outer side wall of the longitudinal beam 11, and the two sides of the gasket 17 are respectively connected to the longitudinal beam.
  • the outer wall of the beam 11 abuts against the threaded connector 16 .
  • Washer refers to the part between the connected part and the nut. It is generally a flat metal ring, which is used to protect the surface of the connected part from being scratched by the nut, and to disperse the pressure of the nut on the connected part.
  • Washers are divided into: flat washers-class C, large washers-class A and C, extra-large washers-class C, small washers-class A, flat washers-class A, flat washers-chamfered-class A, steel structures with high Strength washers, spherical washers, conical washers, square bevel washers for I-beams, square bevel washers for channel steel, standard spring washers, light spring washers, heavy spring washers, internal tooth lock washers, internal serrated lock washers, External tooth lock washers, external serrated lock washers, single ear stop washers, double ear stop washers, outer tongue stop washers, stop washers for round nuts.
  • Flat washers are generally used in connecting parts, one is soft and the other is hard and brittle. Its main function is to increase the contact area, disperse the pressure, and prevent the soft texture from being crushed.
  • the basic function of the spring of the spring washer is to give a force to the nut after the nut is tightened to increase the friction between the nut and the bolt.
  • Spring washers are widely used in load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures of general mechanical products. They are characterized by low cost and easy installation, and are suitable for parts that are frequently assembled and disassembled. However, spring washers have low anti-loosening ability, especially when reliability is required. High in products with low adoption.
  • the washer 17 By arranging the washer 17 between the threaded connection 16 and the outer wall of the longitudinal beam 11, on the one hand, it can avoid the frictional damage of the threaded connection 16 to the surface of the longitudinal beam 11 during the tightening process;
  • the pressure acting on the outer wall of the longitudinal beam 11 enables the threaded connector 16 to be tightened to a greater extent without causing damage to the longitudinal beam 11 , so that the connection structure between the shell 121 and the longitudinal beam 11 is more stable and reliable.
  • the gasket 17 is welded to the longitudinal beam 11 and the shell 121 respectively.
  • the stability of the relative position between the gasket 17, the stringer 11, and the shell 121 can be further ensured, so that the connection structure between the shell 121 and the stringer 11 is stable and reliable, ensuring The overall structural strength of the vehicle frame 10 and the torsional mode of the entire vehicle.
  • the gasket 17 may be welded to the longitudinal beam 11 along the outer peripheral direction, and welded to the surface of the shell 121 along the inner peripheral direction, so as to fully ensure the stability of the gasket 17 .
  • a car 1 is provided. Please refer to FIG. 4 for details, which shows the structure of a car 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the automobile 1 comprises a vehicle frame 10 as described in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the vehicle frame 10 cancels the crossbeams arranged between the longitudinal beams, and the two ends of the housing 121 are fixedly connected to the longitudinal beams 11 to realize the pairing of the housing 121.
  • the bearing function of the longitudinal beam 11 further ensures the overall torsional mode and stiffness of the automobile 1 .
  • the longitudinal beam 11 is arranged on the inner side of the wheel, and the two ends of the steering rod 122 respectively protrude from the outer side of the longitudinal beam 11 for flexible connection with the outer wheel, so that the steering rod 122 slides in the casing 121 to drive the wheels at both ends to turn. This not only realizes the assembly and fixation of the steering gear 12 and the control of the steering of the wheels, but also ensures the overall torsional mode and stiffness of the automobile 1 .
  • the automobile 1 also includes a front wheel 20 arranged on the outside of the longitudinal beam 11, the front wheel 20 has a steering knuckle 21, and the two ends of the steering rod 122 are rotationally connected to the steering knuckle 21, When the steering rod 122 slides, the steering knuckle 21 drives the front wheels 20 to turn.
  • Steering knuckle also known as "claw horn" is one of the important parts in the steering axle of a car, which can make the car run stably and transmit the driving direction sensitively.
  • the function of the steering knuckle is to transmit and bear the front load of the car, support and drive the front wheel to rotate around the kingpin to turn the car. When the car is running, it bears variable impact loads, so it is required to have high strength.
  • the steering knuckle is the hinge for the steering of the wheel, generally in the shape of a fork.
  • the upper and lower forks have two coaxial holes for installing kingpins, and the steering knuckle journal is used for installing wheels.
  • the two lugs of the pin hole on the steering knuckle are connected with the fist-shaped parts at both ends of the front axle through the kingpin, so that the front wheel can deflect at a certain angle around the kingpin to steer the car.
  • a bronze bushing is pressed into the pin hole of the steering knuckle, and the lubrication of the bushing is lubricated by injecting grease from the grease nipple installed on the steering knuckle.
  • a bearing is installed between the lower ear of the steering knuckle and the fist part of the front axle.
  • Adjusting shims are also installed between the upper ear of the steering knuckle and the fist part to adjust the gap therebetween.
  • the two ends of the steering rod 122 protruding from the outer side of the longitudinal beam 11 are rotationally connected with the steering knuckle 21 to realize the control of the steering rod 122 on the steering of the front wheels, thereby reducing the overall mass of the automobile 1 and satisfying the work of the steering gear 12 during assembly. location conditions.
  • the automobile 1 further includes a leaf spring, the leaf spring is fixedly connected to the housing 121 and the longitudinal beam 11 , and both ends of the leaf spring are fixedly connected to the front wheel 20 .
  • Leaf spring referred to as leaf spring, is a leaf spring composed of no less than one piece of spring steel.
  • Leaf springs are commonly used in wheeled vehicle suspensions and were originally called laminated or bracket springs, sometimes called semi-elliptical or trolley springs, and are one of the oldest forms of springs.
  • the leaf spring is a long circular arc spring steel with a rectangular cross section. In the most common configuration, the center of the arc provides the location of the axle, while rings formed at either end attach to the vehicle chassis.
  • leaf springs can be made from multiple leaves stacked together, usually with progressively shorter leaves.
  • Leaf springs can be used for positioning and a certain degree of damping as well as spring function.
  • the leaf springs can be attached directly to the frame at both ends, or directly at one end, usually the front end, and the other end via a shackle, short swing arm. Elasticity introduces a tendency for the blade to elongate when compressed, resulting in a softer elastic.
  • Some springs terminate in a female end, called a spoon end, which carries the rotating member.
  • each spring leaf When the leaf spring is installed in the automobile suspension and the vertical load it bears is positive, each spring leaf is deformed by force and has a tendency to arch upward. At this time, the axle and frame are close to each other. As the axle and frame move away from each other, the positive vertical loads and deflections on the leaf springs gradually decrease.
  • the two ends of the leaf spring are respectively fixedly connected to the two front wheels 20, the middle first part 31 and the second part 32 are respectively fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams 11, and the third part 33 and the fourth part 34 are respectively fixedly connected with the housing 121 , and the specific fixed connection method can be fixed by a threaded connection or a threaded connection combined with welding.
  • the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the second feature "on” or “under” the second feature. Indirect contact through intermediaries.
  • “above” and “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.

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Abstract

一种车架，包括纵梁（11）和转向机（12）；转向机（12）包括外壳（121）和可滑动设置于外壳（121）内的转向拉杆（122）；外壳（121）的两端分别与纵梁（11）固定连接；转向拉杆（122）的两端分别凸出于纵梁（11）外侧，用于与车轮活动连接，转向拉杆（122）滑动时带动车轮转向。该车架能够在轻量化车身的同时，保证整车的扭转模态和刚度。还包括一种包括该车架的汽车。

Description

一种车架及汽车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年9月23日提交的名称为“一种车架及汽车”的中国专利申请202122307742.7的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及车辆技术领域，具体涉及一种车架及汽车。
背景技术
现有技术中为了实现转向机的固定，汽车车架需要具备供装箱机安装固定的横梁或副车架，从而使转向机的拉杆与轮毂上的转向节连接以拉动汽车前轮转动。
本申请发明人在研究中发现，现有的转向机安装方式会造成车身质量较重，从而增加油耗，在目前节能减排的大环境下，造成产品竞争力下降。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供一种车架及汽车，以能够在轻量化车身的同时，保证整车的扭转模态和刚度。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，提供一种车架，包括纵梁和转向机；所述转向机包括外壳和可滑动设置于所述外壳内的转向拉杆；所述外壳的两端分别与所述纵梁固定连接；所述转向拉杆的两端分别凸出于所述纵梁外侧，用于与车轮活动连接，所述转向拉杆滑动时带动所述车轮转向。
本申请实施例提供的车架相对于现有的车架，取消了设置在纵梁之间的 横梁，通过将外壳的两端与纵梁固定连接，实现外壳对纵梁的承载作用，进而保证整车的扭转模态和刚度。纵梁设置在车轮的内侧，转向拉杆的两端分别凸出于纵梁外侧，用于与外侧的车轮活动连接，从而通过转向拉杆在外壳内滑动来带动两端的车轮转向，不仅实现了转向机的装配固定和对车轮转向的控制，还保证了整车的扭转模态和刚度。
在一种可选地方式中，所述纵梁上设置有通孔，所述外壳的两端固定于所述通孔内；所述转向拉杆穿设于所述通孔内，且两端凸出于所述通孔外侧。通过在纵梁上设置通孔，外壳的两端固定于通孔内，不仅实现了外壳与纵梁的装配固定，同时可以保证外壳在纵梁之间起到良好的承载作用，进而保证车架整体结构的强度和刚度，在后续装配时使整车具有良好的扭转模态。
在一种可选地方式中，所述通孔内设置有支撑套筒，所述外壳的两端固定于所述支撑套筒内。通过在通孔内设置支撑套筒实现支撑套筒对通孔内壁的支撑，进而提升纵梁在通孔处的结构强度，保证车架具有良好、稳定的承载能力。
在一种可选地方式中，所述支撑套筒与所述纵梁焊接。将支撑套筒与纵梁焊接，以保证支撑套筒在轴向上的充分限位，进而提高转向机与纵梁之间装配连接的稳定性，保证车架整体的强度和承载能力。
在一种可选地方式中，所述外壳的两端设置有限位部，所述限位部与所述纵梁的内侧壁抵接。在外壳的两端设置限位部，通过限位部与纵梁的内侧壁抵接，实现转向机的外壳与纵梁装配连接时在轴向上的限位固定。
在一种可选地方式中，所述限位部包括设置于所述外壳上的法兰或凸起。法兰与纵梁的内侧壁抵接以实现转向机轴向的固定。通过凸起与纵梁内侧壁的抵接实现对外壳轴向的限位，由于凸起与外壳为一体结构，因此结构稳定性更高，使外壳与纵梁连接的限位效果更好。
在一种可选地方式中，所述外壳的两端凸出于所述纵梁外侧，且所述外壳在凸出于所述纵梁外侧的位置设置有外螺纹；所述外螺纹上连接有螺纹连接件，所述螺纹连接件与所述纵梁的外侧壁抵接。将外壳的两端凸出于纵梁的外侧设置，并且外壳凸出于纵梁外侧的位置设置外螺纹，通过螺纹连接件一方面与外螺纹连接，另一方面与纵梁的外侧壁抵接，以实现外壳凸出纵梁 外侧的部分与纵梁之间的装配连接，保证转向机在车架中的结构稳定性，进而提升车架整体的强度和稳定性。
在一种可选地方式中，所述外壳在所述螺纹连接件与所述纵梁的外侧壁之间套设有垫圈，所述垫圈的两侧分别与所述纵梁的外侧壁及所述螺纹连接件抵接。通过在螺纹连接件与纵梁外侧壁之间设置垫圈，一方面可以避免螺纹连接件在拧紧过程中对纵梁表面造成摩擦损伤，另一方面垫圈可以分担螺纹连接件作用在纵梁外侧壁上的压力，使螺纹连接件可以更大程度的拧紧且不会对纵梁造成伤害，从而使外壳与纵梁之间的连接结构更加稳固可靠。
在一种可选地方式中，所述垫圈与所述外壳及所述纵梁分别焊接。通过将垫圈与纵梁及外壳分别焊接，可以进一步保证垫圈、纵梁及外壳三者之间相对位置的稳定，使外壳与纵梁之间连接结构稳固可靠，保证车架整体的结构强度和整车的扭转模态。
根据本申请实施例的另一个方面，提供一种汽车，包括如上任一项所述的车架。
本申请实施例提供的汽车中，车架相对于现有的车架，取消了设置在纵梁之间的横梁，通过将外壳的两端与纵梁固定连接，实现外壳对纵梁的承载作用，进而保证汽车整体的扭转模态和刚度。纵梁设置在车轮的内侧，转向拉杆的两端分别凸出于纵梁外侧，用于与外侧的车轮活动连接，从而通过转向拉杆在外壳内滑动来带动两端的车轮转向，不仅实现了转向机的装配固定和对车轮转向的控制，还保证了汽车整体的扭转模态和刚度。
在一种可选地方式中，所述汽车还包括设置于所述纵梁外侧的前轮，所述前轮具有转向节；所述转向拉杆的两端与所述转向节转动连接，所述转向拉杆滑动时，通过所述转向节带动所述前轮转向。通过凸出纵梁外侧的转向拉杆的两端与转向节转动连接，实现转向拉杆对前轮转向的控制，从而在减轻汽车整体质量的同时，满足转向机装配时的工作位置条件。
在一种可选地方式中，所述汽车还包括板簧，所述板簧与所述外壳及所述纵梁固定连接，所述板簧的两端与所述前轮固定连接。通过设置板簧作为汽车中前轮的悬架，可以保证汽车在颠簸路面行驶时，板簧对前轮起到良好的承载和缓冲作用。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的车架的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的车架中转向机一端的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的汽车的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
车辆1000，电池100，控制器200，马达300；
车架10，纵梁11，通孔111，转向机12，外壳121，转向拉杆122，支撑套筒13，限位部14，法兰141，外螺纹15，螺纹连接件16，垫圈17；
汽车1，前轮20，转向节21，第一部分31，第二部分32，第三部分33，第四部分34。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
车架是跨接在汽车前后车桥上的框架式结构，俗称大梁，是汽车的基体。一般由两根纵梁和几根横梁组成，经由悬挂装置、前桥、后桥支承在车轮上。车架必须具有足够的强度和刚度以承受汽车的载荷和从车轮传来的冲击。车架的功用是支撑、连接汽车的各总成，使各总成保持相对正确的位置，并承 受汽车内外的各种载荷。
现有汽车车架为了保证车辆整体的扭转模态和刚度，需要同时具备纵梁和横梁，即需要同时具备前后轮方向上的纵梁以及前轮间方向和后轮间方向上的横梁，转向机主体结构一般安装在前轮间方向的横梁上，还有一部分车辆为了优化转向机安装结构，会设置用于安装固定转向机主体的副车架。
本申请发明人注意到，无论是横梁还是副车架，都会造成车辆整体质量增加，而整车质量的增加也就意味着油耗增大，在目前石油资源短缺，油价上涨，全球提倡节能减排的大环境下，导致产品竞争力下降。
为了提升产品的竞争力，本申请发明人在研究中发现，可以通过转向机结构与车辆纵梁结合的方式，在实现车身轻量化的同时，保证车辆的扭转模态和刚度。
具体地，本申请发明人通过检验测试，发现转向机自身具备良好的强度和刚度，从而可以将转向机替代横梁固定于纵梁之间，并通过合理的结构设置，将转向机拉杆的两端与车轮活动连接，转向机一方面作为车架横梁起支撑作用，保证车辆的扭转模态和刚度，另一方面用于驱动车轮转向，从而通过将转向机替代横梁固定于纵梁之间，将现有车身上的横梁加转向机结构整合简化为单独的转向机结构，从而降低车身质量，实现轻量化目的。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，提供一种车架10，具体请参阅图2，图中示出了本申请一实施例提供的车架10的结构。车架10包括纵梁11和转向机12，转向机12包括外壳121和可滑动设置于外壳121内的转向拉杆122，外壳121的两端分别与纵梁11固定连接，转向拉杆122的两端分别凸出于纵梁11的外侧，用于与车轮活动连接，转向拉杆122滑动时带动车轮转向。
转向机12的外壳121套设于转向拉杆122的外部，外壳121的两端可以贯穿纵梁11设置，也可以通过连接结构与纵梁11固定连接，外壳121固定在纵梁11之间，以承载纵梁11之间的压力和扭转力矩。
纵梁11沿车辆前后方向设置，是车架中关键的零件之一，在汽车上起到重要的承载作用，汽车的边梁式车架、中梁式车架等均含有纵梁。纵梁通常用低合金钢板冲压而成，断面形状一般为槽型，也有的做成Z字型或者箱型等断面。
转向机12是在司机打方向盘的同时，帮助司机用力，以减轻司机转向时的用力度，达到开车时司机轻松、方便的目的的机器。转向机主要分为齿轮齿条式转向和蜗轮蜗杆式转向。助力转向装置按照驱动方式一般分为三种，分别为：电动机电力助力转向、齿轮齿条式液压助力转向和电力液压助力转向。
转向拉杆122的两端用于与车轮轮毂上的转向节连接，转向拉杆122在电动机电力驱动、齿轮齿条液压驱动或电力液压驱动时，相对于外壳121滑动时，两端拉动车轮轮毂进行转向助力。
本申请实施例提供的车架10相对于现有的车架，取消了设置在纵梁之间的横梁，通过将外壳121的两端与纵梁11固定连接，实现外壳121对纵梁11的承载作用，进而保证整车的扭转模态和刚度。纵梁11设置在车轮的内侧，转向拉杆122的两端分别凸出于纵梁11外侧，用于与外侧的车轮活动连接，从而通过转向拉杆122在外壳121内滑动来带动两端的车轮转向，不仅实现了转向机12的装配固定和对车轮转向的控制，还保证了整车的扭转模态和刚度。
请继续参阅图2，根据本申请的一些实施例，纵梁11上设置有通孔111，外壳121的两端固定于通孔111内，转向拉杆122穿设于通孔111内，且两端凸出于通孔111的外侧。
通过在纵梁11上设置通孔111，外壳121的两端固定于通孔111内，不仅实现了外壳121与纵梁11的装配固定，同时可以保证外壳121在纵梁11之间起到良好的承载作用，进而保证车架10整体结构的强度和刚度，在后续装配时使整车具有良好的扭转模态。
根据本申请的另外一些实施例，为了降低在纵梁11上开设通孔111对纵梁11整体结构强度的影响，也可以将外壳121的两端通过螺纹连接件螺纹连接或焊接的方式与纵梁11固定，具体的连接结构及连接方式不做限定，保证转向拉杆122可以凸出于纵梁11的外侧，车架10可以满足车辆结构强度等要求即可。
请继续参阅图2，并进步一结合图3，图3中示出了本申请一实施例的车架10中外壳121两端与通孔111的连接结构。根据本申请的一些实施例，通孔111内设置有支撑套筒13，外壳121的两端固定于支撑套筒13内。
考虑到在纵梁11上设置通孔111会导致纵梁11整体结构的强度降低，通孔111处的纵梁结构相对薄弱，稳定性较差，因此通过在通孔111内设置支撑套筒13实现支撑套筒13对通孔111内壁的支撑，进而提升纵梁11在通孔111处的结构强度，保证车架10具有良好、稳定的承载能力。
在设计和装配时，支撑套筒13的外径可以稍大于通孔111内径，将支撑套筒13通过铆接的方式设置于通孔111中，一方面保证支撑套筒13与通孔111的稳固连接，另一方面使支撑套筒13对通孔111起到充分有效的支撑作用。支撑套筒13优选钢材质，钢材质结构强度高，可以保证支撑套筒13良好的支撑能力。
根据本申请的一些实施例，支撑套筒13与纵梁11焊接。
考虑到支撑套筒13与通孔111之间的固定连接在支撑套筒13的轴向上没有限位结构，即使通过铆接连接，限位能力也比较差，因此为了避免支撑套筒13与通孔111之间的连接发生松动，造成支撑套筒13滑落、转向机12结构破坏等情况，将支撑套筒13与纵梁11焊接，以保证支撑套筒13在轴向上的充分限位，进而提高转向机12与纵梁11之间装配连接的稳定性，保证车架10整体的强度和承载能力。
支撑套筒13与纵梁11的焊接可以采用焊缝连接的方式，具体地，沿纵梁11上通孔111两端开口处的外边缘周向与支撑套筒13焊接，以保证支撑套筒13与纵梁11之间充分有效地焊接固定，并且这样的焊接方式便于操作，有利于提升焊接装配效率。
请再次参阅图2，根据本申请的一些实施例，外壳121的两端设置有限位 部14，限位部14与纵梁11的内侧壁抵接。
为了保证转向机12在轴向上的限位固定，在外壳121的两端设置限位部14，通过限位部14与纵梁11的内侧壁抵接，实现转向机12的外壳121与纵梁11装配连接时在轴向上的限位固定。
请继续参阅图2，并进一步结合图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，限位部14包括设置于外壳121上的法兰141或凸起。
法兰，又叫法兰凸缘盘或突缘。法兰是轴与轴之间相互连接的零件，用于管端之间的连接；也有用在设备进出口上的法兰，用于两个设备之间的连接，如减速机法兰。法兰连接或法兰接头，是指由法兰、垫圈及螺栓三者相互连接作为一组组合密封结构的可拆连接。管道法兰系指管道装置中配管用的法兰，用在设备上系指设备的进出口法兰。法兰上有孔眼，螺栓使两法兰紧连。法兰间用衬垫密封。法兰分螺纹连接(丝扣连接)法兰、焊接法兰和卡夹法兰。法兰都是成对使用的，低压管道可以使用丝接法兰，四公斤以上压力的使用焊接法兰。两片法兰盘之间加上密封垫，然后用螺栓紧固。不同压力的法兰厚度不同，它们使用的螺栓也不同。水泵和阀门，在和管道连接时，这些器材设备的局部，也制成相对应的法兰形状，也称为法兰连接。凡是在两个平面周边使用螺栓连接同时封闭的连接零件，一般都称为“法兰”，如通风管道的连接，这一类零件可以称为“法兰类零件”。但是这种连接只是一个设备的局部，如法兰和水泵的连接，就不好把水泵叫“法兰类零件”。比较小型的如阀门等，可以叫“法兰类零件”。
本申请实施例中的法兰141可以通过铆接或焊接的方式套设并固定于转向机12的外壳121两端，法兰141与纵梁11的内侧壁抵接以实现转向机12轴向的固定。
具体地，法兰141上可以周向设置连接孔，通过螺钉穿过所述连接孔使法兰141与纵梁11进一步连接固定；当然，也可以将法兰141外边缘沿周向与纵梁11焊接在一起，同样可以提升法兰141与纵梁11之间连接的稳定性，进而充分保证对外壳121的限位能力。
可以理解，在另外一些实施例中，限位部14也可以通过由外壳121两端的表面向外凸出形成环状或其他形状的凸起，通过所述凸起与纵梁11的内侧 壁的抵接实现对外壳121轴向的限位，由于所述凸起与外壳121为一体结构，因此结构稳定性更高，使外壳121与纵梁11连接的限位效果更好。同样地，所述凸起也可以进一步与纵梁11通过螺纹连接件连接固定或通过焊接固定，以充分保证外壳121与纵梁11之间装配连接的稳定性，提升车架10整体的强度和承载能力。
请再次参阅图2，根据本申请的一些实施例，外壳121的两端凸出于纵梁11的外侧，且外壳121在凸出于纵梁11外侧的位置设置有外螺纹15，外螺纹15上连接有螺纹连接件16，螺纹连接件16与纵梁11的外侧壁抵接。
螺纹连接是一种广泛使用的可拆卸的固定连接，具有结构简单、连接可靠、装拆方便等优点。传统的螺纹检测方法是利用螺纹量规进行接触或利用万能工具显微镜进行人工测量，工作量大，工作效效率规的低，测量结果易受人为影响。在接触式测量中，螺纹量规易磨损，从而影响测量精度，更换量规的成本也高。另外，在有些工作场合人工难以完成检测工作。为此，需要自动的螺纹检测设备来解决螺纹检测的瓶颈问题，以提高紧固件企业的效益。根据平面图形的形状，螺纹可分为三角形、矩形、梯形和锯齿形螺纹等。根据螺旋线的绕行方向，可分为左旋螺纹和右旋螺纹，规定将螺纹直立时螺旋线向右上升为右旋螺纹，向左上升为左旋螺纹。机械制造中一般采用右旋螺纹，有特殊要求时，才采用左旋螺纹。根据螺旋线的数目，可分为单线螺纹和等距排列的多线螺纹。为了制造方便，螺纹一般不超过4线。
为了保证外壳121与纵梁11充分且稳定的装配连接，将外壳121的两端凸出于纵梁11的外侧设置，并且外壳121凸出于纵梁11外侧的位置设置外螺纹15，通过螺纹连接件16一方面与外螺纹15连接，另一方面与纵梁11的外侧壁抵接，螺纹连接件16例如可以采用螺母，以实现外壳121凸出纵梁11外侧的部分与纵梁11之间的装配连接，保证转向机12在车架10中的结构稳定性，进而提升车架10整体的强度和稳定性。
请继续参阅图2，并进一步结合图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，外壳121在螺纹连接件16与纵梁11的外侧壁之间套设有垫圈17，垫圈17的两侧分别与纵梁11的外侧壁和螺纹连接件16抵接。
垫圈指垫在被连接件与螺母之间的零件。一般为扁平形的金属环，用来 保护被连接件的表面不受螺母擦伤，分散螺母对被连接件的压力。
垫圈分为：平垫圈-C级、大垫圈-A和C级、特大垫圈-C级、小垫圈-A级、平垫圈-A级、平垫圈-倒角型-A级、钢结构用高强度垫圈、球面垫圈、锥面垫圈、工字钢用方斜垫圈、槽钢用方斜垫圈、标准型弹簧垫圈、轻型弹簧垫圈、重型弹簧垫圈、内齿锁紧垫圈、内锯齿锁紧垫圈、外齿锁紧垫圈、外锯齿锁紧垫圈、单耳止动垫圈、双耳止动垫圈、外舌止动垫圈、圆螺母用止动垫圈。
平垫圈一般用在连接件中一个是软质地的，一个是硬质地较脆的，其主要作用是增大接触面积，分散压力，防止把质地软的压坏。而弹簧垫圈的弹簧的基本作用是再螺母拧紧之后给螺母一个力，增大螺母和螺栓之间的摩擦力。弹簧垫圈在一般机械产品的承力和非承力结构中应用广泛，其特点是成本低廉、安装方便，适用于装拆频繁的部位，但是弹簧垫圈的防松能力较低，尤其在要求可靠性高的产品中采用率低。
通过在螺纹连接件16与纵梁11外侧壁之间设置垫圈17，一方面可以避免螺纹连接件16在拧紧过程中对纵梁11表面造成摩擦损伤，另一方面垫圈17可以分担螺纹连接件16作用在纵梁11外侧壁上的压力，使螺纹连接件16可以更大程度的拧紧且不会对纵梁11造成伤害，从而使外壳121与纵梁11之间的连接结构更加稳固可靠。
根据本申请的一些实施例，垫圈17与纵梁11及外壳121分别焊接。
通过将垫圈17与纵梁11及外壳121分别焊接，可以进一步保证垫圈17、纵梁11及外壳121三者之间相对位置的稳定，使外壳121与纵梁11之间连接结构稳固可靠，保证车架10整体的结构强度和整车的扭转模态。
具体地，垫圈17可以沿外边缘周向与纵梁11焊缝连接，沿内边缘周向与外壳121表面焊缝连接，以充分保证垫圈17的稳定性。
根据本申请实施例的另一个方面，提供一种汽车1。具体请参阅图4，图中示出了本申请一实施例提供的汽车1的结构。汽车1包括如上任一实施例所述的车架10。
本申请实施例提供的汽车1中，车架10相对于现有的车架，取消了设置在纵梁之间的横梁，通过将外壳121的两端与纵梁11固定连接，实现外壳121 对纵梁11的承载作用，进而保证汽车1整体的扭转模态和刚度。纵梁11设置在车轮的内侧，转向拉杆122的两端分别凸出于纵梁11外侧，用于与外侧的车轮活动连接，从而通过转向拉杆122在外壳121内滑动来带动两端的车轮转向，不仅实现了转向机12的装配固定和对车轮转向的控制，还保证了汽车1整体的扭转模态和刚度。
请继续参阅图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，汽车1还包括设置于纵梁11外侧的前轮20，前轮20具有转向节21，转向拉杆122的两端与转向节21转动连接，转向拉杆122滑动时，通过转向节21带动前轮20转向。
转向节又称“羊角”，是汽车转向桥中的重要零件之一，能够使汽车稳定行驶并灵敏传递行驶方向。转向节的功用是传递并承受汽车前部载荷，支承并带动前轮绕主销转动而使汽车转向。在汽车行驶状态下，它承受着多变的冲击载荷，因此，要求其具有很高的强度。
转向节是车轮转向的铰链，一般呈叉形。上下两叉有安装主销的两个同轴孔，转向节轴颈用来安装车轮。转向节上销孔的两耳通过主销与前轴两端的拳形部分相连，使前轮可以绕主销偏转一定角度而使汽车转向。为了减小磨损，转向节销孔内压入青铜衬套，衬套的润滑用装在转向节上的油嘴注入润滑脂润滑。为使转向灵活，在转向节下耳与前轴拳形部分之间装有轴承。在转向节上耳与拳形部分之间还装有调整垫片，以调整其间的间隙。
通过凸出纵梁11外侧的转向拉杆122的两端与转向节21转动连接，实现转向拉杆122对前轮转向的控制，从而在减轻汽车1整体质量的同时，满足转向机12装配时的工作位置条件。
请继续参阅图4，根据本申请的一些实施例，汽车1还包括板簧，板簧与外壳121及纵梁11固定连接，板簧的两端与前轮20固定连接。
板弹簧，简称板簧，由不少于1片的弹簧钢叠加组合而成的板状弹簧。板弹簧通常用于轮式车辆悬架，最初称为层压或托架弹簧，有时称为半椭圆弹簧或手推车弹簧，它是最古老的弹簧形式之一。
板弹簧为截面是长方形的长圆弧形弹簧钢。在最常见的配置中，弧的中心提供了轴的位置，而在任一端形成的环附接到车辆底盘。对于非常重的车辆，可以由多个层叠在一起的多个叶片制成板弹簧，通常具有逐渐变短的叶 片。板弹簧可用于定位和一定程度的阻尼以及弹簧功能。板弹簧可以直接连接在两端的框架上，或直接连接在一端，通常是前端，另一端通过钩环，短摆臂连接。松紧带来了压缩时叶片伸长的趋势，从而使弹性更柔软。一些弹簧终止于凹入端，称为勺子端，用于承载旋转构件。
当板弹簧安装在汽车悬架中，所承受的垂直载荷为正向时，各弹簧片都受力变形，有向上拱弯的趋势。这时，车桥和车架便相互靠近。当车桥与车架互相远离时，板弹簧所受的正向垂直载荷和变形便逐渐减小。
对于本申请中所采用的板簧，具体地，板簧两端分别与两个前轮20固定连接，中间第一部分31和第二部分32分别与两个纵梁11固定连接，第三部分33和第四部分34则分别与外壳121固定连接，具体固定连接的方式可以采用螺纹连接件连接或螺纹连接结合焊接的方式固定。通过设置板簧作为汽车1中前轮20的悬架，可以保证汽车1在颠簸路面行驶时，板簧对前轮20起到良好的承载和缓冲作用。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施例所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连 通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种车架，其特征在于，包括纵梁和转向机；
    所述转向机包括外壳和可滑动设置于所述外壳内的转向拉杆；
    所述外壳的两端分别与所述纵梁固定连接；
    所述转向拉杆的两端分别凸出于所述纵梁外侧，用于与车轮活动连接，所述转向拉杆滑动时带动所述车轮转向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车架，其特征在于，
    所述纵梁上设置有通孔，所述外壳的两端固定于所述通孔内；
    所述转向拉杆穿设于所述通孔内，且两端凸出于所述通孔外侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车架，其特征在于，所述通孔内设置有支撑套筒，所述外壳的两端固定于所述支撑套筒内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车架，其特征在于，所述支撑套筒与所述纵梁焊接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的车架，其特征在于，所述外壳的两端设置有限位部，所述限位部与所述纵梁的内侧壁抵接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车架，其特征在于，所述限位部包括设置于所述外壳上的法兰或凸起。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的车架，其特征在于，
    所述外壳的两端凸出于所述纵梁外侧，且所述外壳在凸出于所述纵梁外侧的位置设置有外螺纹；
    所述外螺纹上连接有螺纹连接件，所述螺纹连接件与所述纵梁的外侧壁抵接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车架，其特征在于，所述外壳在所述螺纹连接件与所述纵梁的外侧壁之间套设有垫圈，所述垫圈的两侧分别与所述纵梁的外侧壁及所述螺纹连接件抵接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车架，其特征在于，所述垫圈与所述外壳及所述纵梁分别焊接。
  10. 一种汽车，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的车架。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的汽车，其特征在于，
    所述汽车还包括设置于所述纵梁外侧的前轮，所述前轮具有转向节；
    所述转向拉杆的两端与所述转向节转动连接，所述转向拉杆滑动时，通过所述转向节带动所述前轮转向。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的汽车，其特征在于，所述汽车还包括板簧，所述板簧与所述外壳及所述纵梁固定连接，所述板簧的两端与所述前轮固定连接。
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CN216002767U (zh) * 2021-09-23 2022-03-11 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种车架及汽车
WO2024065288A1 (zh) * 2022-09-28 2024-04-04 华为技术有限公司 一种滑板底盘及车辆

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