WO2023042869A1 - コントラスト感度検査装置、光学素子評価装置、コントラスト感度検査方法、光学素子評価方法 - Google Patents
コントラスト感度検査装置、光学素子評価装置、コントラスト感度検査方法、光学素子評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a contrast sensitivity testing device for testing the contrast sensitivity of a subject's eye, an optical element evaluating device using the contrast sensitivity testing device, a contrast sensitivity testing method, and an optical element evaluating method.
- Contrast sensitivity test is a test to test the limit of recognizable contrast.
- a contrast sensitivity test device having multiple striped targets with different contrasts is used, and the subject is given the contrast (that is, the white and black of the striped target). Contrast) is performed by having the subject respond with a striped target that can be recognized.
- strong light glare
- it causes temporary blindness and changes in contrast sensitivity.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In addition, in order to evaluate the performance of eyeglasses, etc., it has been proposed to create different lighting environments such as outdoors, indoors, and outdoors at night, and to perform contrast sensitivity tests under each lighting environment (for example, non-patent literature 2).
- wavelength control lenses for example, NeoContrast (registered trademark)
- NeoContrast registered trademark
- the wavelength control lens cuts light of a specific wavelength (e.g., 585 nm) to improve contrast sensitivity and visibility, and as contrast sensitivity and visibility improve, visual acuity response speed increases.
- Wavelength control lenses for various purposes are sold for the purpose of reducing driver fatigue and improving performance in sports (for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
- the wavelength control lens described in Non-Patent Document 3 is sold at stores such as spectacle stores and sports shops. It is easy to be affected, and it is difficult to test accurate contrast sensitivity, and the contrast sensitivity test device described in Non-Patent Document 2 requires control of the lighting environment of the entire test room, and the system is large. Therefore, the actual situation is that the contrast sensitivity test is not performed at general shops (that is, the effects of wearing the wavelength control lens cannot be felt (evaluated)).
- the contrast sensitivity test described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 is a test (i.e., a subjective test) in which the subject answers the striped optotype that allows the subject to recognize the contrast, so the obtained test accuracy is also a problem. was there.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus that is smaller than the conventional one and that can easily set a desired lighting environment and inspect contrast sensitivity simply and with high accuracy.
- a contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus that can easily evaluate optical elements such as lenses for spectacles and sunglasses, using such a contrast sensitivity test apparatus.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a contrast sensitivity inspection method capable of inspecting contrast sensitivity simply and with high accuracy, and an optical element evaluation method capable of easily evaluating an optical element using such a contrast sensitivity inspection method. .
- the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus of the present invention includes an illumination unit that irradiates illumination light so that the subject's field of view is in a predetermined lighting environment, and a plurality of contrast sensitivity detectors that are arranged within the subject's field of view and have different contrasts. and a reaction time measurement unit that measures the reaction time from the presentation of each target until the subject recognizes it when the illumination light is irradiated. and a housing that accommodates the illuminating unit, the target presenting unit, and the reaction time measuring unit.
- the visual target presenting unit presents the reference visual target in a substantially central portion of the field of view of the subject, and presents each visual target at a position different from the reference visual target for a predetermined period of time. Also, in this case, it is desirable that the positions at which the respective targets are presented are different. Further, in this case, the reaction time measurement unit detects a first line of sight when the subject views the reference target and a second line of sight when the subject views each target, It is desirable to determine a line-of-sight vector based on the line-of-sight and the second line-of-sight, and to measure reaction time based on the line-of-sight vector.
- the reaction time measurement unit includes three or more IR illumination devices that irradiate test light toward the eyeballs of the subject, an imaging device that captures an image of the test light reflected by the eyeball, and and a line-of-sight vector calculator for calculating the line-of-sight vector.
- the reaction time measurement unit has an input unit that receives input from the subject, and measures the time from the presentation of each target until the input is received by the input unit as the reaction time.
- the illumination unit irradiate the subject's eyeballs with illumination light so that the subject feels photophobia.
- the illumination unit be configured so that the color temperature of the illumination light can be changed.
- the illumination unit includes a plurality of LED elements that emit light close to natural light, a diffusion plate that diffuses the light emitted from the plurality of LED elements, and a light that passes through the diffusion plate into illumination light of a predetermined color temperature. and a color temperature conversion filter for conversion, and the color temperature conversion filter is desirably configured to be replaceable.
- the imaging device may further include an image processing unit that images the periphery of the subject's eyeball and calculates at least one of the palpebral fissure width and the pupil diameter of the subject based on the image data captured by the imaging device. desirable.
- the optotype presenting unit includes an image display device that displays an image of the optotype.
- the visual target presenting unit includes a screen and a projection device that projects and displays the visual target on the screen.
- the visual target presenting unit has a plurality of screens on which the respective visual targets are displayed, and that the screens are sequentially switched and arranged within the field of view of the subject.
- the visual target has a substantially circular shape whose brightness changes according to a two-dimensional Gaussian function.
- the optotype includes a striped pattern in which white lines and black lines are alternately repeated.
- an optical element evaluation apparatus of the present invention includes any one of the contrast sensitivity test apparatuses described above and an optical element replaceably arranged in front of the eyeball of a subject. .
- the contrast sensitivity testing method of the present invention includes the step of irradiating illumination light so that the subject's field of vision is in a predetermined illumination environment, and sequentially switching a plurality of visual targets with different contrasts, and a step of measuring the reaction time from the presentation of each visual target until the subject recognizes it when illumination light is applied. do.
- an optical element evaluation method of the present invention is an optical element evaluation method including the steps of the contrast sensitivity testing method described above, and further including the step of placing an optical element in front of the subject's eyeball. , characterized in that
- the present invention it is possible to easily set a desired lighting environment, and to easily and accurately test contrast sensitivity, which is smaller than conventional contrast sensitivity testing devices. Further, an optical element evaluation apparatus that can easily evaluate optical elements using such a contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus is realized. Further, a contrast sensitivity inspection method capable of inspecting contrast sensitivity simply and with high accuracy, and an optical element evaluation method capable of easily evaluating an optical element using such a contrast sensitivity inspection method are realized.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the inspection unit of the contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining electrical connections of the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement of LEDs of the IR lighting unit of the contrast sensitivity inspection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the photophobic illumination unit of the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart explaining how to use the contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart of calibration processing executed by the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 8A and 8B are diagrams showing a subject image and an operator image displayed in the calibration process of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a central visual angle response speed test performed by the contrast sensitivity test apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a subject image displayed in the central visual angle response speed test of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an operator image displayed in the central viewing angle response speed test of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a peripheral viewing angle response speed test performed by the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a subject image displayed in the peripheral visual angle response speed test of FIG. 12.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an operator image displayed in the peripheral visual angle response speed test of FIG. 12.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the presentation position and brightness of the visual target CT displayed in the peripheral visual angle response speed test of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the configuration of an optical element evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the configuration of the evaluation lens holder of the optical element evaluation device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a contrast sensitivity inspection device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the contrast sensitivity testing device 1 of this embodiment is a device for testing the contrast sensitivity of the subject's eye, and includes an testing unit 100 that tests the subject's eye and controls the operation of the testing unit 100. , an external display 301 , a keyboard 302 , a mouse 303 , and a controller 304 .
- 1(a) shows a front view of the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200
- FIG. 1(b) shows a side view of the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200.
- FIG. 1(a) shows a front view of the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200
- FIG. 1(b) shows a side view of the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200.
- the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200 are configured integrally and placed on a height-adjustable inspection table (not shown). Between the subject and the inspection unit 100, a chin rest (not shown) on which the chin of the subject can be placed and a forehead rest (not shown) are provided so that the eye position of the subject can be adjusted by the inspection unit. 100 can be adjusted to the optimum position.
- FIG. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the inspection unit 100 of the present embodiment
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. -B line sectional view.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining electrical connections of the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus 1 of this embodiment.
- the inspection unit 100 of this embodiment includes an upper housing 101, an IR illumination unit 110, photophobic illumination units 120 and 130, a hot mirror 140, and eye cameras 150 and 160. , a reflecting mirror 170 and a monitor 180 .
- IR lighting unit 110, photophobic lighting units 120 and 130, and eye cameras 150 and 160 are connected to control unit 200 via internal wiring.
- the control unit 200 includes an MPU 201 that controls the overall operation of the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus 1, a ROM 202 that stores control data including an operating system (OS) in a non-volatile manner, and an MPU 201.
- a RAM 203 which is also used as a working area and temporarily stores various data, and a storage device 204 (e.g., hard disk drive (HDD), solid state drive (SSD), etc.) that stores various data and software in a non-volatile and updatable manner.
- HDD hard disk drive
- SSD solid state drive
- a multimedia interface (IF) 208 such as HDMI (registered trademark) that performs interface operations for audio data and video (image) data
- a control interface (IF) 209 that performs various interface operations for control
- a lower housing 210 FIG. 1 that houses the components.
- the external display 301 is a display device that presents various information to the operator.
- a keyboard 302 is an input device for the operator to input various data.
- a mouse 303 is a pointing device for the operator to perform various settings and operations.
- the controller 304 is a device for the subject to perform various inputs and operations (for example, direction input by lever operation, direction input by button operation, operation by voice input, etc.). Note that the external display 301, the keyboard 302, the mouse 303, and the controller 304 do not necessarily have to be connected by wire. is also possible.
- the housing 101 is a substantially cubic metal case, and accommodates the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130, the hot mirror 140, the eyeball cameras 150 and 160, the reflecting mirror 170, and the monitor 180 inside. ing.
- a circular opening 101a is formed in the front surface (surface on the subject side) of the housing 101 so that the subject can visually recognize the image of the monitor 180 inside.
- An IR illumination unit 110 is attached to the opening 101a so as to block the opening 101a.
- the IR lighting unit 110 is a light source device for detecting an optical axis vector, which will be described later, and has a right eye unit 110R and a left eye unit 110L (FIGS. 1 and 3). and the left eye unit 110L each include eight LEDs 111 to 118 that emit infrared light IR (FIGS. 2 and 3) toward the subject's eye. Note that the LEDs 111 to 118 of this embodiment are ON/OFF controlled in accordance with control signals from the control unit 200.
- FIG. Circular openings 110Ra and 110La are formed inside the LEDs 111 to 118 of the right eye unit 110R and the left eye unit 110L, respectively (FIG. 1). 101), a transparent cover glass 119 is provided so as to close the openings 110Ra and 110La. Therefore, the subject can visually recognize the image of the internal monitor 180 through the cover glass 119 of the openings 110Ra and 110La.
- the photophobic illumination units 120 and 130 emit illumination light P (FIGS. 2 and 3) toward the subject's eyeballs from the left oblique front of the subject's left eye and the right oblique front of the right eye so that the subject feels photophobia (glare). 3) is a light source device for glare inspection.
- 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the photophobic illumination unit 130.
- FIG. 5A is a front view
- FIG. 5B is a top view
- FIG. 5C is an internal configuration. It is a cross-sectional view showing the. Since the configuration of the photophobic illumination unit 120 is the same as that of the photophobic illumination unit 130, only the photophobic illumination unit 130 will be described below as a representative.
- the photophobic lighting unit 130 includes a plurality of (four in the example of FIG. 5C) substrates 131, LED chips 132 arranged on each substrate 131, and substrates 131
- a case 133 that houses an LED chip 132 , a diffusion plate 134 arranged to cover an opening 133 a on the front surface of the case 133 , and a heat sink 135 fixed to the back surface of the case 133 are provided.
- An anode pattern (not shown) and a cathode pattern (not shown) for supplying power to the LED chips 132 are formed on the surface of the substrate 131, and each LED chip 132 is soldered to the anode pattern and the cathode pattern, respectively. It is electrically connected by attaching or the like.
- the anode pattern and the cathode pattern are electrically connected to a driver circuit (not shown), and each LED chip 132 is supplied with a predetermined drive current from the driver circuit according to a control signal from the control unit 200.
- each LED chip 132 emits light close to natural light (including all wavelengths of visible light) (hereinafter simply referred to as "natural light") in an amount corresponding to the drive current. is emitted.
- the control signal from the control unit 200 enables ON/OFF control (lighting time, lighting start timing, blinking, etc.) and light amount control (illuminance adjustment) of the LED chip 132. .
- the diffuser plate 134 is an optical member that diffuses natural light emitted from the LED chips 132 . As the light from the LED chips 132 passes through the diffusion plate 134 , the diffusion plate 134 emits natural light with less illumination unevenness (that is, with substantially uniform illuminance). Although the diffuser plate 134 of this embodiment is fixed so as to cover the front opening 133a of the case 133, it can be changed (replaced) according to the glare inspection conditions.
- the heat sink 135 is a member for dissipating heat generated by the LED chip 132, and is made of metal such as copper with high thermal conductivity.
- the heat sink 135 of this embodiment is an air-cooled heat sink having a plurality of heat radiation fins 135a formed therein. The heat is dissipated into the air from the
- Natural light emitted from each of the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 is configured to pass through color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 arranged close to each of the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 (FIG. 2).
- the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 are optical members for setting the scene (that is, the lighting environment) in the glare inspection. Convert to P and output.
- the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 of this embodiment are attached to the filter replacement handle 105, and the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 can be inserted and removed by moving the filter replacement handle 105 in the vertical direction.
- the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 can be replaced with those having a predetermined color temperature.
- the indoor LED lighting environment is set
- the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 with a color temperature of 6500K are used
- the outdoor lighting environment is set.
- the outdoor evening lighting environment is set.
- the scene (that is, the lighting environment) in the glare inspection is set by exchanging the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139, but instead of the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139, for example, Alternatively, a plurality of LED chips 132 with different color temperatures may be used, and the LED chips 132 to be lit may be switched according to the desired scene. Alternatively, a plurality of LED chips 132 having filters with different color temperatures may be used, and the LED chips 132 to be lit may be switched according to the desired scene.
- the illumination light P that has passed through the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 and has been converted to a predetermined color temperature is directed toward the hot mirror 140 (FIG. 2). Since the hot mirror 140 is an optical element that transmits visible light and reflects infrared light, the illumination light P from the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 is transmitted through the hot mirror 140 and directed toward the subject's eyeball. be irradiated.
- the eye cameras 150 and 160 are imaging devices used to detect an optical axis vector, which will be described later, and to measure the palpebral fissure width and pupil diameter of the subject. do. More specifically, the eye cameras 150 and 160 have an imaging lens (not shown), a visible light cut filter, and an imaging device (for example, CCD, CMOS, etc.) inside, and are illuminated by illumination light P and infrared light IR.
- an imaging lens not shown
- a visible light cut filter for example, CCD, CMOS, etc.
- the reflected light (reflected image) R from the subject's eyeball is reflected by the hot mirror 140, enters the eyeball cameras 150 and 160, is condensed by the imaging lens, and is converted into a visible light component (that is, the illumination light P component) is attenuated by the visible light cut filter and then imaged by the imaging element (FIGS. 2(b) and 3).
- the images captured by the eyeball cameras 150 and 160 are transmitted to the control unit 200 and processed.
- the monitor 180 is a display device for presenting various visual targets (images) for contrast sensitivity testing to the subject.
- Various visual targets (images) displayed on the display surface 182 of the monitor 180 are emitted from the display surface 182 as display light L and reflected by the reflection surface 172 of the reflection mirror 170 (the surface facing the display surface 182). Then, it passes through the hot mirror 140 and enters the subject's eye (FIG. 2(b)).
- the display surface 182 of the monitor 180 is placed within the visual field of the subject when the subject's eyes are positioned accurately with respect to the openings 110Ra and 110La of the IR illumination unit 110, and various Visual targets (images) are visible.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the method of using the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment (that is, the testing method).
- 10 is an operation flowchart when executing inspection software that has been tested.
- each process (subroutine ) is executed.
- Inspection condition input processing S100 the MPU 201 displays a predetermined input screen on the external display 301.
- FIG. The operator operates the keyboard 302 and the mouse 303 to input to each input item on the input screen, and when the input ends, this process ends.
- Input items include personal information such as the name of the subject, color temperature setting (illumination environment) and illuminance setting of the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130, and various parameters used in the central visual angle response speed test S300 (stripe target DT1 to DT3 contrast, etc.), and various parameters used in the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400 (number of visual targets CT, contrast, presentation position, etc.).
- the calibration process S200 is a process for correcting individual differences in eye size and shape of the subject.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart of calibration processing S200 executed by the MPU 201. As shown in FIG.
- the calibration process S200 of the present embodiment uses the optical axis vector calculation technique of the previous patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-165668) of the inventors of the present invention, and the visual axis calibration of the patent application It is the same processing as
- FIG. 8A and 8B are diagrams of images displayed on the monitor 180 and the external display 301 in the calibration process S200.
- FIG. 8A shows a subject image 180a displayed on the monitor 180 and provided to the subject.
- (b) shows an operator image 301a displayed on the external display 301 and provided to the operator.
- the MPU 201 displays the subject image 180a on the monitor 180, displays the operator image 301a on the external display 301, lights the LEDs 111 to 118 of the IR lighting unit 110, and the eyeball camera 150 , 160 are displayed in the eye image display areas EBL and EBR in the operator image 301a (step S201).
- the subject is asked to look into the inspection unit 100 through the cover glass 119 of the IR illumination unit 110, and the subject's head is positioned such that the left and right pupils of the subject are within the rectangular reference markers MKL and MKR. to adjust.
- the process proceeds to step S203. move on.
- the MPU 201 calculates the optical axes of both eyes. More specifically, the MPU 201 calculates the average corneal curvature center of the left and right eyeballs of the subject from the positions of the reflected images (bright spots around the pupil) of the LEDs 111 to 118 included in the left and right eyeball images from the eye cameras 150 and 160. A value (representative value of the center of corneal curvature) is calculated, and the center points of the left and right pupils are obtained based on the left and right eyeball images. Then, the MPU 201 connects the corneal curvature center and the pupil center point, and calculates a vector from the pupil center point to the corneal curvature center as an optical axis vector. The process then proceeds to step S205.
- step S205 the MPU 201 calculates the difference between the optical axis and the visual axis calculated in step S203 as a correction amount. More specifically, the MPU 201 aligns the calculated optical axis position with the visual axis (line of sight) of the subject gazing at the gaze target GT so that the calculated position of the optical axis coincides with the visual axis (line of sight) of the subject. ) position is calculated as a correction amount. The process then proceeds to step S207.
- step S207 the MPU 201 calculates the optical axis at any time (for example, at a cycle of 30 Hz), corrects the calculated optical axis with the correction amount calculated in step S205, and estimates the subject's visual axis at any time. (hereinafter referred to as "visual axis detection processing").
- visual axis detection processing the calibration process S200 is executed, individual differences in eye size and shape of the subject are corrected, and the movement of the visual axis (line of sight) of the subject is accurately estimated at any time in the background.
- a central viewing angle response speed test S300 is then executed.
- the central visual angle response speed test S300 is a contrast sensitivity test using a similar target to the conventional test using a striped target.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the central visual angle response speed test S300 executed by the MPU 201.
- FIG. 10 shows subject images 180b to 180e displayed on the monitor 180 and presented to the subject in the central visual angle response speed test S300
- FIG. 11 is displayed on the external display 301 in the central visual angle response speed test S300 and presented to the operator.
- Presented operator images 301b-301d are shown.
- the MPU 201 sets the variable n for counting the number of times of testing to "1" (step S301), and lights the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 at a predetermined illuminance (that is, , the LED chip 132 is turned on with a predetermined amount of light (step S303).
- the MPU 201 displays the subject image 180b (plain pattern) on the monitor 180, displays the operator image 301b on the external display 301, lights the LEDs 111 to 118 of the IR lighting unit 110, and the eyeball cameras 150, 160
- the left and right eyeball images are displayed in the eyeball image display areas EBL and EBR in the operator image 301a (step S305).
- the left and right pupil diameters are obtained from the left and right eyeball images from the eyeball cameras 150 and 160 as needed.
- the process then proceeds to step S307.
- the MPU 201 presents one of the subject images 180c to 180e on the monitor 180 at random.
- the subject images 180c to 180e of the present embodiment include striped targets DT1 (left tilt pattern) and DT2 (non-tilt pattern) of predetermined contrast set in the examination condition input processing S100. , DT3 (right tilt pattern) are shown.
- the contrast sensitivity test is performed by asking the subject to use the controller 304 to answer which of the striped targets DT1 to DT3 the striped target currently displayed on the monitor 180 is. It is carried out.
- the subject determines that the striped target DT1 (left tilt pattern) is presented, the subject operates the left button (not shown) of the controller 304 to display the striped target DT2 (non-tilt pattern).
- the upper button (not shown) of the controller 304 is operated. (not shown)), and the down button (not shown) of the controller 304 is operated when the inclination direction of the presented striped optotypes DT1 to DT3 is unknown.
- step S309 the MPU 201 determines whether or not there is an input from the controller 304 (that is, determines whether or not the subject has operated the controller 304). If the controller 304 is not operated, the process proceeds to step S311 (step S309: NO), and if the controller 304 is operated, the process proceeds to step S313 (step S309: YES).
- step S311 the MPU 201 determines whether or not 10 seconds have elapsed since the subject images 180c to 180e were presented (from step S307). If not, the process returns to step S309 (step S311: NO), if it has passed, it is determined that the subject cannot recognize the striped target currently displayed on the monitor 180, and the processing is performed to present the next striped target (to proceed to the next examination). goes to step S317 (step S311: YES).
- the MPU 201 analyzes the input of the controller 304 operated at step S309.
- the left button of the controller 304 is pressed, it is determined that the subject has determined that the striped target DT1 (left tilt pattern) is selected.
- the input of the right button of the controller 304 it is recognized that the subject has determined that the subject has the striped target DT3 (right tilt pattern). The process then proceeds to step S315.
- step S315 the MPU 201 calculates the reaction time from when the subject images 180c to 180e are displayed (from step S307) until the subject operates the controller 304. The process then proceeds to step S317.
- step S317 the MPU 201 adds "1" to the variable n for counting the number of inspections, determines whether the variable n is "6" (step S319), and determines whether the variable n is "6". If not, the process repeats steps S305 to S319, and if the variable n is "6", the MPU 201 displays the operator image 301c on the external display 301 (step S321), and the central visual angle The response speed inspection S300 ends.
- the variable n is 1 to 5 (that is, 5 times)
- the subject is presented with one of the subject images 180c to 180e, and the contrast sensitivity test is performed.
- the operator image 301b displayed on the external display 301 in step S305 is appropriately updated while the variable n is between 1 and 5, and is displayed on the monitor 180 in the progress display area PE for displaying the progress of the contrast sensitivity test.
- the display state of the subject images 180c to 180e to be displayed is displayed (FIG. 11(a)).
- the pupil diameter display area PD left and right pupil diameters, which are measured as needed, are graphically displayed.
- the central visual angle response speed test S300 is finished, the striped optotype presented in step S307, the input of the controller 304 analyzed in step S313, the test result (correct/wrong result) are displayed in the test result display area MR of the operator image 301c.
- the operator image 301c is provided with a "display switching" button SB, and when this button is clicked with the mouse 303, the operator image 301d is displayed (FIG. 11(c)). )).
- the operator image 301d left and right eyeball images of the subject are enlarged and displayed, and a pair of scales SC1 and SC2 extending in a horizontal line and movable in the vertical direction are displayed in the eyeball image display areas EBL and EBR. be done.
- the eyelid opening amount of the subject is displayed in the eyelid opening amount display areas DL and DR of the operator image 301d. Is displayed.
- each reaction time is obtained along with the correctness of recognition of each striped target.
- the obtained reaction time can be used as an index indicating the degree of uncertainty in recognition of the striped target.
- Information on the pupil diameter displayed in the pupil diameter display areas PD of the operator images 301b and 301c and information on the amount of eyelid opening displayed in the eyelid opening amount display areas DL and DR of the operator image 301d may be used if the subject has photophobia. It can be used as an index for determining whether or not the stress is felt (that is, whether or not the stress is felt).
- the peripheral viewing angle response speed test S400 is a contrast sensitivity test performed by presenting visual targets with different contrasts at a position away from the center and measuring the time required to gaze at the visual target.
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400 executed by the MPU 201. As shown in FIG. 13 shows subject images 180f and 180g displayed on the monitor 180 and presented to the subject in the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400, and FIG. 14 is displayed on the external display 301 in the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400 to the operator. Presented operator images 301e, 301f are shown.
- the MPU 201 sets the variable n for counting the number of times of testing to "1" (step S401), and lights the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 at a predetermined illuminance (that is, , the LED chip 132 is turned on with a predetermined amount of light (step S403).
- the MPU 201 displays the subject image 180f on the monitor 180, displays the operator image 301e on the external display 301, lights the LEDs 111 to 118 of the IR lighting unit 110, and left and right eyeball images from the eyeball cameras 150 and 160. are displayed in the eyeball image display areas EBL and EBR in the operator image 301e (step S405).
- the subject image 180f of the present embodiment includes a circular reference target RT presented substantially in the center of the visual field of the subject and presented at different positions around the reference target RT. and a plurality of circular targets CT with different contrasts.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the presentation position (FIG. 15(a)) and brightness (FIG. 15(b)) of the visual target CT of this embodiment.
- the vertical axis indicates the vertical viewing angle
- the horizontal axis indicates the horizontal viewing angle.
- the target CT of the present embodiment has ⁇ 6.4952°, ⁇ 12.9904°, ⁇ 19.486° in the vertical direction and ⁇ 12.9904° and ⁇ 19.486° in the horizontal direction around the reference target RT.
- the visual target CT of the present embodiment is a substantially circular black image whose brightness (luminance) changes according to a two-dimensional Gaussian function, and the size of the visual target CT is , the full width at half maximum of the Gaussian function is set to match the viewing angle of 0.775°.
- the contrast of the target CT is represented by the following formula.
- step S407 the MPU 201 presents a target CT with a predetermined contrast at a position corresponding to one of the presentation positions shown in FIG. 15(a) (FIG. 13(b)).
- the visual target CT when the visual target CT is presented, the subject is asked to shift his line of sight from the reference target RT to the visual target CT (that is, to gaze at the visual target CT), thereby conducting a contrast sensitivity test. It is carried out. Specifically, when the subject's visual axis (line of sight) moves from the reference target RT to the target CT, it is detected by the visual axis detection process executed in step S207 of the calibration process S200, and the reaction time is measure.
- step S409 the MPU 201 determines whether or not the visual axis has moved by the visual axis detection process (that is, determines whether or not the subject has moved the line of sight to the visual target CT). If the visual axis has not moved, the process proceeds to step S411 (step S409: NO), and if the visual axis has moved, the process proceeds to step S413 (step S409: YES). In this embodiment, it is determined that the visual axis has moved when the visual axis has moved 3/5 of the linear distance between the reference target RT and the visual target CT.
- step S411 the MPU 201 determines whether or not 3 seconds have passed since the visual target CT was presented (from step S407), and if not, the process returns to step S409 (step S411: NO). , when it has passed, it is determined that the subject cannot recognize the visual target CT currently displayed on the monitor 180, and in order to present the next visual target CT (to proceed to the next examination), the processing proceeds to step The process proceeds to S417 (step S411: YES).
- step S415 the MPU 201 calculates the reaction time from presenting the visual target CT (from step S407) to detecting the movement of the visual axis in step S409. The process then proceeds to step S417.
- step S417 the MPU 201 adds "1" to the variable n for counting the number of inspections, determines whether the variable n is "37” (step S419), and determines whether the variable n is "37". If not, the process repeats steps S405 to S419, and if the variable n is "37", the MPU 201 displays the operator image 301f on the external display 301 (step S421), and the peripheral visual angle The response speed check S400 ends.
- the variable n is 1 to 36 (that is, 36 times)
- the visual target CT is randomly presented at the presentation position shown in FIG. 15(a), and the contrast sensitivity test is performed. .
- the operator image 301e displayed on the external display 301 in step S405 is appropriately updated while the variable n is between 1 and 36, and is displayed on the monitor 180 in the progress display area PE for displaying the progress of the contrast sensitivity test.
- the display state of the visual target CT to be displayed is displayed (FIG. 14(a)).
- the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400 ends, the relationship between the position of the target CT presented in step S407 and the reaction time calculated in step S415 is mapped in the test result display area MR of the operator image 301f. Based on the relationship between the contrast of the target CT and the reaction time, the judgment results are displayed in ranking (FIG. 14(b)).
- Each circular mark in the test result display area MR of the operator image 301f corresponds to the position of each target CT. represents time. In this embodiment, the darker the gray, the faster the reaction speed, and the lighter the gray, the slower the reaction speed.
- the "inner circumference average reaction time” in the test result display area MR indicates the average reaction time of the six targets CT near the center (located on the inner circumference), and the “outer circumference average reaction time” indicates the most The average reaction time of the 18 targets CT on the outer side (located on the outer periphery) is shown, and the "middle average reaction time” indicates the 12 targets CT located on the middle (located between the inner periphery and the outer periphery).
- “Overall average reaction time” indicates the average reaction time of all (36) target CTs
- “Binocular matching rate” indicates the left and right of the moment when each target CT is seen. It shows the eye line-of-sight matching rate (that is, an index indicating whether binocular vision is possible).
- “comprehensive evaluation” is a ranking determined based on the “overall average reaction time”, and in this embodiment, there are five levels of S, A, B, C, and D from the fastest reaction speed. It is designed to be judged.
- the reaction time for each visual target CT is calculated and displayed in association with the presentation position of each visual target CT. Also, based on the relationship between the contrast of the target CT and the reaction time, the judgment results (that is, the results of the contrast sensitivity test) are ranked and displayed. In other words, the contrast sensitivity test is performed automatically and objectively.
- the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 are lit with a predetermined illuminance (that is, the LED chip 132 is turned on with a predetermined amount of light).
- a predetermined illuminance that is, the LED chip 132 is turned on with a predetermined amount of light.
- the central visual angle response speed inspection is performed with the photophobic illumination units 120 and 130 turned off, blinking at a predetermined cycle, or with the illuminance changed.
- S300 and a peripheral viewing angle response speed test S400 may be performed.
- the central viewing angle response speed test S300 and the peripheral viewing angle response speed test S400 are described as being executed in order, but if necessary, the central viewing angle response speed test S300 and the peripheral viewing angle response speed test S400 may be performed.
- the target CT with a predetermined contrast is used. can be changed as appropriate.
- the target CT is presented at 36 presentation positions, but the configuration is not necessarily limited to such a configuration. Only six presentation positions close to .
- the monitor 180 arranged in the examination unit 100 is configured to present various visual targets visually recognized by the subject.
- a screen may be arranged and various visual targets to be visually recognized by the subject may be presented on the screen.
- a plurality of screens (for example, paper) on which each target is displayed may be prepared, and the screens may be sequentially switched and arranged within the field of view of the subject.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the configuration of an optical element evaluation apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment of the invention.
- the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 of the present embodiment is placed in a store such as an eyeglass store, and a user who is planning to purchase eyeglasses or sunglasses can purchase the lenses of the eyeglasses or sunglasses in advance (before purchase).
- It is an apparatus for evaluation, and differs from the contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus 1 of the first embodiment in that an evaluation lens holder 400 is provided on the front surface (subject side surface) of the IR illumination unit 110 .
- FIG. 17A and 17B are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the evaluation lens holder 400.
- FIG. 17A is a front view and FIG. 17B is a rear view.
- the evaluation lens holder 400 is a substantially rectangular member made of cloth or resin that supports the lens OL to be evaluated between the subject's eyeball and the examination unit 100 .
- the evaluation lens holder 400 is formed with two circular openings 402 penetrating from the front surface to the back surface, and 16 through holes 401 arranged so as to circularly surround each opening 402 . It is In addition, the evaluation lens holder 400 has a lens receiving portion 403 provided along the lower side of each opening 402 on the back side, and the left and right lenses OL to be evaluated are taken in and out of the lens receiving portion 403, respectively. (insertion/extraction) is possible.
- the left and right lenses OL may have the same characteristics (degree, color, transmittance, etc.), or may have different characteristics depending on the characteristics of each eye (wavelength sensitivity, brightness sensitivity, etc.). may be
- the opening 402 is an opening for the user to look into the inspection unit 100 .
- the through hole 401 is an opening formed at a position corresponding to the LEDs 111 to 118 of the IR lighting unit 110, and when the evaluation lens holder 400 is attached to the IR lighting unit 110, the LEDs 111 to 118 are projected from the through hole 401. It is exposed so that the infrared light IR from the LEDs 111-118 is not blocked.
- the evaluation lens holder 400 of this embodiment is fixed to the front surface of the IR lighting unit 110 by a magnet (not shown).
- the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 of the present embodiment is configured such that the lenses of spectacles or sunglasses desired by the user can be easily attached to and detached from the inspection unit 100 . Therefore, the user can easily undergo a contrast sensitivity test using a desired lens. That is, as described above, the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 reproduces a lighting environment suitable for the scene by exchanging the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 of the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130. You can feel (evaluate) the effect of wearing sunglasses according to the usage environment. As described above, in the central viewing angle response speed test S300, the color, brightness, contrast, and background color of the target CT can be changed as appropriate.
- the background color is set to the color that is the most difficult to see
- the optotype is set to the color with the highest contrast against the background color. It is possible to evaluate Further, as described above, according to the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400, since the appearance using the lens is objectively ranked and displayed, the user planning to purchase the lens can determine whether the lens is suitable for him/herself. It is possible to objectively evaluate whether Further, as described above, information on the pupil diameter and eyelid opening amount during the contrast sensitivity test is also obtained as an index for determining whether or not the user is feeling photophobia (that is, whether or not the user is feeling stress). Therefore, it is possible to objectively evaluate whether or not the lens is suitable for the user also from this information.
- the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 of the present embodiment has been described as evaluating lenses of eyeglasses and sunglasses
- the evaluation target may be any optical element or optical material placed in front of the user's eyes. , contact lenses, goggles (for swimming, skiing, riders, and other sports in general), shields for helmets, windshields, window glasses, and the like.
- the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 has been described as a device for evaluating lenses of spectacles and sunglasses in advance (before purchase), but it is not necessarily limited to such applications, and the user already owns the optical element evaluation device 2 . You can also rate the product.
- Reference Signs List 1 contrast sensitivity inspection device 2: optical element evaluation device 100: inspection unit 101: upper housing 101a: opening 105: filter replacement handle 110: IR illumination unit 110L: left eye unit 110La: opening 110R: right eye for unit 110Ra: opening 111: LED 112: LEDs 113: LEDs 114: LEDs 115: LEDs 116: LEDs 117: LEDs 118: LEDs 119: Cover glass 120: Photophobic lighting unit 130: Photophobic lighting unit 131: Substrate 132: LED chip 133: Case 133a: Opening 134: Diffusion plate 135: Heat sink 135a: Radiation fin 138: Color temperature adjustment filter 139: Color temperature adjustment Filter 140 : Hot mirror 150 : Eyeball camera 160 : Eyeball camera 170 : Reflecting mirror 172 : Reflecting surface 180 : Monitor 180a : Subject image 180b : Subject image 180c : Subject image 180d : Subject image 180e : Subject image 180f : Subject image 180g : Subject image 182
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Abstract
Description
また、強い光(グレア)が眼に入ると、一過性の盲目状態となり、コントラスト感度が変化することから、グレア環境下でのコントラスト感度検査(グレア検査)の可能なコントラスト感度検査装置も実用に供されている(例えば、非特許文献1)。
また、眼鏡等の性能を評価するために、屋外、室内、夜間の屋外等、異なる照明環境を作って、各照明環境下でコントラスト感度検査を行うことも提案されている(例えば、非特許文献2)。
また、非特許文献1及び非特許文献2に記載のコントラスト感度検査は、被験者にコントラストを認識できる縞視標を答えさせる検査(つまり、主観的検査)であるため、得られる検査精度にも問題があった。
また、この場合、各視標が提示される位置が、それぞれ異なることが望ましい。
また、この場合、反応時間測定部は、被験者が基準視標を視認したときの第1の視線と、被験者が各視標を視認したときの第2の視線と、を検出し、第1の視線と第2の視線に基づいて視線ベクトルを求め、視線ベクトルに基づいて、反応時間を測定することが望ましい。
また、この場合、反応時間測定部は、検査光を被験者の眼球に向けてそれぞれ照射する3つ以上のIR照明装置と、検査光の眼球による反射像を撮像する撮像装置と、反射像に基づいて視線ベクトルを算出する視線ベクトル算出部と、を有することが望ましい。
[コントラスト感度検査装置の構成]
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係るコントラスト感度検査装置1の構成を示す図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態のコントラスト感度検査装置1は、被験者の眼のコントラスト感度を検査する装置であり、被験者の眼の検査を行う検査ユニット100と、検査ユニット100の動作を制御する制御ユニット200と、外部ディスプレイ301と、キーボード302と、マウス303と、コントローラ304と、を備えている。なお、図1(a)は、検査ユニット100および制御ユニット200の正面図を示し、図1(b)は、検査ユニット100および制御ユニット200の側面図を示している。
また、右眼用ユニット110Rおよび左眼用ユニット110LのLED111~118の内側には、円形の開口部110Ra、110Laがそれぞれ形成されており(図1)、開口部110Ra、110Laの内側(筐体101との間)には、開口部110Ra、110Laを塞ぐように、透明なカバーガラス119が設けられている。従って、被験者は、開口部110Ra、110Laのカバーガラス119を通して内部のモニタ180の画像を視認できる。
図5は、羞明照明ユニット130の構成を説明する図であり、図5(a)は、正面図であり、図5(b)は、上面図であり、図5(c)は、内部構成を示す断面図である。なお、羞明照明ユニット120の構成は、羞明照明ユニット130と同一であるため、以下、代表して羞明照明ユニット130についてのみ説明する。
色温度調整フィルタ138、139は、グレア検査でのシーン(つまり、照明環境)を設定するための光学部材であり、各羞明照明ユニット120、130から出射された自然光を所定の色温度の照明光Pに変換して出射する。本実施形態の色温度調整フィルタ138、139は、フィルタ交換用取手105に取り付けられており、フィルタ交換用取手105を鉛直方向に移動させることによって、色温度調整フィルタ138、139を挿抜することができ、色温度調整フィルタ138、139を所定の色温度のものに交換可能に構成されている。例えば、色温度:5000Kの色温度調整フィルタ138、139を使用した場合、屋内のLED照明環境が設定され、色温度:6500Kの色温度調整フィルタ138、139を使用した場合、屋外の照明環境が設定され、色温度:2500Kの色温度調整フィルタ138、139を使用した場合、屋外の夕方の照明環境が設定される。
なお、制御ユニット200からの制御信号によって、LEDチップ132の光量を変更することにより、様々な照度の照明光Pを得ることができるが、本実施形態においては、最大照度:約4000Lxの照明光Pが得られるようになっている。
また、本実施形態においては、色温度調整フィルタ138、139を交換することによってグレア検査でのシーン(つまり、照明環境)を設定しているが、例えば、色温度調整フィルタ138、139に代えて、色温度の異なる複数のLEDチップ132を使用し、求められるシーンに合わせて、点灯するLEDチップ132を切換えてもよい。また、色温度の異なるフィルタを備えた複数のLEDチップ132を使用し、求められるシーンに合わせて、点灯するLEDチップ132を切換えてもよい。
図6は、本実施形態のコントラスト感度検査装置1の使用方法(つまり、検査方法)を説明するフローチャートであり、具体的には、オペレータが、キーボード302およびマウス303を操作し、ハードディスク204に格納されている検査ソフトウェアを実行したときの動作フローチャートである。
検査条件入力処理S100では、MPU201が所定の入力画面を外部ディスプレイ301に表示する。オペレータが、キーボード302およびマウス303を操作し、入力画面中の各入力項目に入力し、入力が終了すると本処理は終了する。なお、入力項目としては、被験者の氏名等の個人情報、羞明照明ユニット120、130の色温度設定(照明環境)や照度の設定、中心視角応答速度検査S300で使用される各種パラメータ(縞視標DT1~DT3のコントラスト等)の設定、周辺視角応答速度検査S400で使用される各種パラメータ(視標CTの数、コントラスト、提示位置等)の設定等がある。
キャリブレーション処理S200は、被験者の眼の大きさ、および形状の個人差を補正する処理である。図7は、MPU201が実行するキャリブレーション処理S200のフローチャートである。本実施形態のキャリブレーション処理S200は、本発明の発明者らの先の特許出願(特願2018-165668号)の光軸ベクトル算出技術を用いたものであり、該特許出願の視軸キャリブレーションと同様の処理である。
キャリブレーション処理S200が実行されると、MPU201は、モニタ180に被験者画像180aを表示し、外部ディスプレイ301にオペレータ画像301aを表示すると共に、IR照明ユニット110のLED111~118を点灯し、眼球カメラ150、160からの左右の眼球画像をオペレータ画像301a内の眼球画像表示領域EBL、EBRに表示する(ステップS201)。そして、この状態で、被験者にIR照明ユニット110のカバーガラス119から検査ユニット100を覗き込んでもらい、被験者の左右の瞳孔が、矩形状の基準マーカMKL、MKR内に収まるように被験者の頭位を調整する。
次いで、被験者に被験者画像180aの略中央部の円形の注視視標GTに注視してもらい、オペレータがマウス303を操作し、オペレータ画像301aのCAL実行スイッチCSを選択すると、処理は、ステップS203に進む。
より具体的には、MPU201は、眼球カメラ150、160からの左右の眼球画像に含まれるLED111~118の反射像(瞳孔周辺の輝点)の位置から被験者の左右の眼球の角膜曲率中心の平均値(角膜曲率中心の代表値)を算出すると共に、左右の眼球画像に基づいて左右の瞳孔の中心点を求める。そして、MPU201は、角膜曲率中心と瞳孔の中心点とを結び、瞳孔の中心点から角膜曲率中心に至るベクトルを光軸ベクトルとして算出する。次いで、処理は、ステップS205に進む。
より具体的には、MPU201は、算出した光軸の位置が注視視標GTを注視している被験者の視軸(視線)と一致するように、算出した光軸位置と被験者の視軸(視線)位置との差を補正量として算出する。次いで、処理は、ステップS207に進む。
このように、キャリブレーション処理S200が実行されると、被験者の眼の大きさ、および形状の個人差が補正され、被験者の視軸(視線)の動きが、バックグラウンドで随時正確に推定される。
キャリブレーション処理S200が終了すると、次いで、中心視角応答速度検査S300が実行される。
中心視角応答速度検査S300は、従来の縞視標を使った検査と同様の視標を用いたコントラスト感度検査である。
図9は、MPU201が実行する中心視角応答速度検査S300のフローチャートである。また、図10は、中心視角応答速度検査S300においてモニタ180に表示され被験者に提示される被験者画像180b~180eを示し、図11は、中心視角応答速度検査S300において外部ディスプレイ301に表示されオペレータに提示されるオペレータ画像301b~301dを示している。
次いで、MPU201は、モニタ180に被験者画像180b(無地パターン)を表示し、外部ディスプレイ301にオペレータ画像301bを表示すると共に、IR照明ユニット110のLED111~118を点灯し、眼球カメラ150、160からの左右の眼球画像をオペレータ画像301a内の眼球画像表示領域EBL、EBRに表示する(ステップS305)。なお、本実施形態の中心視角応答速度検査S300においては、眼球カメラ150、160からの左右の眼球画像から、随時左右の瞳孔径を求めている。次いで、処理は、ステップS307に進む。
本実施形態では、被験者に、現在モニタ180に表示されている縞視標が、縞視標DT1~DT3のいずれであるかを、コントローラ304を使用して回答してもらうことによって、コントラスト感度検査を行っている。具体的には、被験者は、縞視標DT1(左傾斜パターン)が提示されていると判断した場合は、コントローラ304の左ボタン(不図示)を操作し、縞視標DT2(非傾斜パターン)が提示されていると判断した場合は、コントローラ304の上ボタン(不図示)を操作し、縞視標DT3(右傾斜パターン)が提示されていると判断した場合は、コントローラ304の右ボタン(不図示)を操作し、提示されている縞視標DT1~DT3の傾斜方向が分からない場合は、コントローラ304の下ボタン(不図示)を操作する。
このように、本実施形態においては、変数nが1~5のとき(つまり、5回)、被験者に被験者画像180c~180eのいずれかが提示され、コントラスト感度検査が行われる。
なお、ステップS305で外部ディスプレイ301に表示されたオペレータ画像301bは、変数nが1~5の間、適宜更新され、コントラスト感度検査の進行状況を表示する進行状況表示領域PEに、モニタ180に表示される被験者画像180c~180eの表示状態が表示される(図11(a))。また、瞳孔径表示領域PDには、随時測定される左右の瞳孔径がグラフ表示される。
また、中心視角応答速度検査S300が終了すると、オペレータ画像301cの検査結果表示領域MRには、ステップS307で提示された縞視標、ステップS313で解析されたコントローラ304の入力、検査結果(正誤結果)、正答率、ステップS315で算出された反応時間等が表示される(図11(b))。
また、本実施形態においては、オペレータ画像301cに、「表示切替」ボタンSBが設けられており、これをマウス303でクリックすると、オペレータ画像301dが表示されるようになっている(図11(c))。オペレータ画像301dでは、被験者の左右の眼球画像が拡大表示され、眼球画像表示領域EBL、EBR内には、水平方向にライン状に延び、垂直方向にそれぞれ移動可能な一対のスケールSC1、SC2が表示される。オペレータが、マウス303を操作して、左右の眼球画像の瞼の位置にスケールSC1、SC2をそれぞれ合わせることにより、オペレータ画像301dの開瞼量表示領域DL、DRに被験者の瞼の開瞼量が表示される。
周辺視角応答速度検査S400は、中心から離れた位置に、異なるコントラストの視標を提示し、視標を注視するまでの時間を計測して行うコントラスト感度検査である。図12は、MPU201が実行する周辺視角応答速度検査S400のフローチャートである。また、図13は、周辺視角応答速度検査S400においてモニタ180に表示され被験者に提示される被験者画像180f、180gを示し、図14は、周辺視角応答速度検査S400において外部ディスプレイ301に表示されオペレータに提示されるオペレータ画像301e、301fを示している。
次いで、MPU201は、モニタ180に被験者画像180fを表示し、外部ディスプレイ301にオペレータ画像301eを表示すると共に、IR照明ユニット110のLED111~118を点灯し、眼球カメラ150、160からの左右の眼球画像をオペレータ画像301e内の眼球画像表示領域EBL、EBRに表示する(ステップS405)。
図13に示すように、本実施形態の被験者画像180fは、被験者の視野の略中央に提示される円形の基準視標RTと、基準視標RTを中心として、その周辺の異なる位置に提示される、コントラストの異なる複数の円形の視標CTと、から構成されている。
また、図15(b)に示すように、本実施形態の視標CTは、2次元のガウス関数によって明るさ(輝度)が変化する略円形の黒色画像イメージであり、視標CTのサイズは、ガウス関数の半値全幅が視角0.775°と一致するように設定されている。なお、視標CTのコントラストは、下式で表される。なお、最小輝度(cd/m2)は、視標CTの中心の輝度であり、最大輝度(cd/m2)は、視標CTの背景色である。
コントラスト=(最大輝度-最小輝度)/(最大輝度+最小輝度)
本実施形態では、視標CTが提示されたときに、被験者に、基準視標RTから視標CTに視線を移してもらう(つまり、視標CTを注視してもらう)ことにより、コントラスト感度検査を行っている。具体的には、被験者の視軸(視線)が基準視標RTから視標CTに移動したときに、キャリブレーション処理S200のステップS207で実行されている視軸検出処理によって検出し、反応時間を計測する。
なお、本実施形態においては、視軸が、基準視標RTと視標CTの直線距離の3/5を移動したときに、視軸が移動したと判断している。
このように、本実施形態においては、変数nが1~36のとき(つまり、36回)、図15(a)に示す提示位置にランダムに視標CTが提示され、コントラスト感度検査が行われる。
なお、ステップS405で外部ディスプレイ301に表示されたオペレータ画像301eは、変数nが1~36の間、適宜更新され、コントラスト感度検査の進行状況を表示する進行状況表示領域PEに、モニタ180に表示される視標CTの表示状態が表示される(図14(a))。
また、周辺視角応答速度検査S400が終了すると、オペレータ画像301fの検査結果表示領域MRには、ステップS407で提示された視標CTの位置と、ステップS415で算出された反応時間との関係がマッピング表示され、視標CTのコントラストと反応時間との関係に基づいて、判定結果がランキング表示される(図14(b))。オペレータ画像301fの検査結果表示領域MRの各円形マークは、各視標CTの位置に対応しており、その色(図14(b)においてはグレーの濃淡)によって、ステップS415で算出された反応時間を表している。なお、本実施形態においては、グレーの濃度が濃いものほど反応速度が速く、薄いものほど反応速度が遅いことを示している。また、検査結果表示領域MR内の「内周平均反応時間」は、中心に近い(内周に位置する)6個の視標CTの平均反応時間を示し、「外周平均反応時間」は、最も外側の(外周に位置する)18個の視標CTの平均反応時間を示し、「中間平均反応時間」は、中間に位置する(内周と外周の間に位置する)12個の視標CTの平均反応時間を示し、「全体平均反応時間」は、全ての(36個の)視標CTの平均反応時間を示し、「両眼一致率」は、各視標CTを見た瞬間の左右の眼の視線の一致率(つまり、両眼視できているかを示す指標)を示している。また、「総合判定」は、「全体平均反応時間」に基づいて判断されるランキングであり、本実施形態においては、反応速度が速いものから、S、A、B、C、Dの5段階で判定されるようになっている。
[光学素子評価装置の構成]
図16は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る光学素子評価装置2の構成を示す図である。図16に示すように、本実施形態の光学素子評価装置2は、眼鏡店等の店舗に置かれ、眼鏡やサングラスを購入予定のユーザが、眼鏡やサングラスのレンズを事前に(購入前に)評価するための装置であり、IR照明ユニット110の前面(被験者側の面)に評価レンズホルダ400を備える点で、第1の実施形態のコントラスト感度検査装置1と異なる。
評価レンズホルダ400は、評価対象のレンズOLを、被験者の眼球と検査ユニット100との間に支持する、略矩形状の布又は樹脂製の部材である。
開口部402は、ユーザが検査ユニット100を覗き込むための開口である。また、貫通孔401は、IR照明ユニット110のLED111~118に対応した位置に形成された開口であり、評価レンズホルダ400をIR照明ユニット110に取り付けたときに、LED111~118が貫通孔401から露出し、LED111~118からの赤外光IRが遮断されないようになっている。
なお、本実施形態の評価レンズホルダ400は、不図示のマグネットによってIR照明ユニット110の前面に固定されるようになっている。
従って、ユーザは、所望するレンズを使って、容易にコントラスト感度検査を受けることができる。つまり、上述のように、光学素子評価装置2は、羞明照明ユニット120、130の色温度調整フィルタ138、139を交換することにより、シーンに合わせた照明環境が再現されるため、ユーザは、眼鏡やサングラスの使用環境に応じた装着効果を体感(評価)することができる。
なお、上述のように、中心視角応答速度検査S300においては、視標CTの色、明るさ、コントラスト、背景色を適宜変更することができるため、例えば、評価するレンズの特性(透過率特性、色等)に応じて、背景色を最も見え難い色に設定し、視標を背景色に対して最もコントラストの高い色に設定するなど、評価環境を適宜変更することによって、レンズの特性に応じた評価をすることが可能となる。
また、上述のように、周辺視角応答速度検査S400によれば、レンズを使った見え方が客観的にランキング表示されるため、レンズを購入予定のユーザは、そのレンズが自分に適しているか否かを客観的に評価することが可能となる。
また、上述のように、ユーザが羞明を感じているか否か(つまり、ストレスを感じているか否か)を判断するための指標として、コントラスト感度検査中の瞳孔径や開瞼量の情報も得られるため、これらの情報からもレンズがユーザに適したものであるか否かを客観的に評価することができる。
2 :光学素子評価装置
100 :検査ユニット
101 :上部筐体
101a :開口部
105 :フィルタ交換用取手
110 :IR照明ユニット
110L :左眼用ユニット
110La :開口部
110R :右眼用ユニット
110Ra :開口部
111 :LED
112 :LED
113 :LED
114 :LED
115 :LED
116 :LED
117 :LED
118 :LED
119 :カバーガラス
120 :羞明照明ユニット
130 :羞明照明ユニット
131 :基板
132 :LEDチップ
133 :ケース
133a :開口部
134 :拡散板
135 :ヒートシンク
135a :放熱フィン
138 :色温度調整フィルタ
139 :色温度調整フィルタ
140 :ホットミラー
150 :眼球カメラ
160 :眼球カメラ
170 :反射ミラー
172 :反射面
180 :モニタ
180a :被験者画像
180b :被験者画像
180c :被験者画像
180d :被験者画像
180e :被験者画像
180f :被験者画像
180g :被験者画像
182 :表示面
200 :制御ユニット
201 :MPU
202 :ROM
203 :RAM
204 :ハードディスク
210 :下部筐体
301 :外部ディスプレイ
301a :オペレータ画像
301b :オペレータ画像
301c :オペレータ画像
301d :オペレータ画像
301e :オペレータ画像
301f :オペレータ画像
302 :キーボード
303 :マウス
304 :コントローラ
400 :評価レンズホルダ
401 :貫通孔
402 :開口部
403 :レンズ受け部
409 :ステップ
CCL :円
CS :CAL実行スイッチ
CT :視標
DL :開瞼量表示領域
DR :開瞼量表示領域
DT1 :縞視標
DT2 :縞視標
DT3 :縞視標
EBL :眼球画像表示領域
EBR :眼球画像表示領域
GT :注視視標
IR :赤外光
L :表示光
MKL :基準マーカ
MKR :基準マーカ
MR :検査結果表示領域
OL :レンズ
P :照明光
PD :瞳孔径表示領域
PE :進行状況表示領域
RT :基準視標
SB :ボタン
SC1 :スケール
SC2 :スケール
n :変数
Claims (26)
- 被験者の視界が所定の照明環境となるように、照明光を照射する照明部と、
前記被験者の視界内に配置され、コントラストの異なる複数の視標を順次切り換えて提示する視標提示部と、
前記照明光が照射されているときに、前記各視標が提示されてから、前記被験者が認識するまでの反応時間をそれぞれ測定する反応時間測定部と、
前記照明部、前記視標提示部及び前記反応時間測定部を収容する筐体と、
を備えることを特徴とするコントラスト感度検査装置。 - 前記視標提示部は、前記被験者の視界の略中央部に基準視標を提示し、前記基準視標とは異なる位置に、前記各視標を所定時間提示することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。
- 前記各視標が提示される位置が、それぞれ異なることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。
- 前記反応時間測定部は、
前記被験者が前記基準視標を視認したときの第1の視線と、前記被験者が前記各視標を視認したときの第2の視線と、を検出し、
前記第1の視線と前記第2の視線に基づいて視線ベクトルを求め、
前記視線ベクトルに基づいて、前記反応時間を測定する
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。 - 前記反応時間測定部は、
検査光を前記被験者の眼球に向けてそれぞれ照射する3つ以上のIR照明装置と、
前記検査光の前記眼球による反射像を撮像する撮像装置と、
前記反射像に基づいて前記視線ベクトルを算出する視線ベクトル算出部と、
を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。 - 前記反応時間測定部は、前記被験者からの入力を受け付ける入力部を有し、
前記各視標が提示されてから、前記入力部に入力が受け付けられるまでの時間を前記反応時間としてそれぞれ測定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。 - 前記照明部は、前記被験者が羞明を感じるように、前記被験者の眼球に向けて前記照明光を照射することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。
- 前記照明部は、前記照明光の色温度を変更可能に構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。
- 前記照明部は、
自然光に近い光を発する複数のLED素子と、
前記複数のLED素子から発せられた前記光を拡散する拡散板と、
前記拡散板を通過した前記光を、所定の色温度の前記照明光に変換する色温度変換フィルタと、
を備え、
前記色温度変換フィルタが、交換可能に構成されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。 - 前記撮像装置は、前記被験者の眼球周辺を撮像し、
前記撮像装置によって撮像された画像データに基づいて、前記被験者の瞼裂幅及び瞳孔径の少なくともいずれか一方を算出する画像処理部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。 - 前記視標提示部が、前記視標を画像表示する画像表示装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。
- 前記視標提示部が、
スクリーンと、
前記スクリーン上に前記視標を投影表示する投影装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。 - 前記視標提示部は、前記各視標がそれぞれ表示された複数のスクリーンを有し、
前記各スクリーンが、前記被験者の視界内に順次切り換えて配置される
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。 - 前記視標は、2次元のガウス関数によって明るさが変化する略円形の形状を呈することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。
- 前記視標が、白色ラインと黒色ラインが交互に繰り返される縞状のパターンを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置。
- 請求項1から請求項15のいずれか一項に記載のコントラスト感度検査装置と、
前記被験者の前記眼球の前方に交換可能に配置される光学素子と、
を備えることを特徴とする光学素子評価装置。 - 被験者の視界が所定の照明環境となるように、照明光を照射する工程と、
コントラストの異なる複数の視標を順次切り換えて、前記被験者の視界内に提示する工程と、
前記照明光が照射されているときに、前記各視標が提示されてから、前記被験者が認識するまでの反応時間をそれぞれ測定する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とするコントラスト感度検査方法。 - 前記複数の視標を前記被験者の視界内に提示する工程は、前記被験者の視界の略中央部に基準視標を提示し、前記基準視標とは異なる位置に、前記各視標を所定時間提示する請求項17に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法。
- 前記各視標が提示される位置が、それぞれ異なることを特徴とする請求項18に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法。
- 前記反応時間をそれぞれ測定する工程は、
前記被験者が前記基準視標を視認したときの第1の視線と、前記被験者が前記各視標を視認したときの第2の視線と、を検出し、
前記第1の視線と前記第2の視線に基づいて視線ベクトルを求め、
前記視線ベクトルに基づいて、前記反応時間を測定する
ことを特徴とする請求項19に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法。 - 前記反応時間をそれぞれ測定する工程は、
検査光を前記被験者の眼球に向けて照射し、
前記検査光の前記眼球による反射像を撮像し、
前記反射像に基づいて前記視線ベクトルを算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項20に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法。 - 前記反応時間をそれぞれ測定する工程は、
前記被験者からの入力を受け付け、
前記各視標が提示されてから、前記入力部に入力が受け付けられるまでの時間を前記反応時間としてそれぞれ測定する
ことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法。 - 前記照明光は、前記被験者が羞明を感じるように、前記被験者の眼球に向けて照射されることを特徴とする請求項17に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法。
- 前記照明光の色温度が変更可能に構成されていることを特徴とする請求項17に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法。
- 前記被験者の眼球周辺を撮像し、該撮像された画像データに基づいて、前記被験者の瞼裂幅及び瞳孔径の少なくともいずれか一方を算出する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法。
- 請求項17から請求項25のいずれか一項に記載のコントラスト感度検査方法の工程を含む光学素子評価方法であって、
前記被験者の眼球の前方に光学素子を配置する工程をさらに含む、ことを特徴とする光学素子評価方法。
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