WO2023042869A1 - コントラスト感度検査装置、光学素子評価装置、コントラスト感度検査方法、光学素子評価方法 - Google Patents

コントラスト感度検査装置、光学素子評価装置、コントラスト感度検査方法、光学素子評価方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023042869A1
WO2023042869A1 PCT/JP2022/034482 JP2022034482W WO2023042869A1 WO 2023042869 A1 WO2023042869 A1 WO 2023042869A1 JP 2022034482 W JP2022034482 W JP 2022034482W WO 2023042869 A1 WO2023042869 A1 WO 2023042869A1
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Prior art keywords
subject
contrast sensitivity
target
visual
unit
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2022/034482
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
拓治 東川
邦征 松鵜
幹生 和田
晃義 冨山
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Nac Image Technology Inc
Hopnic Laboratory Co Ltd
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Nac Image Technology Inc
Hopnic Laboratory Co Ltd
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Priority to US18/569,498 priority Critical patent/US20240285162A1/en
Priority to JP2023548495A priority patent/JPWO2023042869A1/ja
Publication of WO2023042869A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023042869A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A61B3/0033—Operational features thereof characterised by user input arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0008—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes provided with illuminating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A61B3/0041—Operational features thereof characterised by display arrangements
    • A61B3/005—Constructional features of the display
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0091—Fixation targets for viewing direction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/022—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing contrast sensitivity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/06—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing light sensitivity, e.g. adaptation; for testing colour vision
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/11—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring interpupillary distance or diameter of pupils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/11—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring interpupillary distance or diameter of pupils
    • A61B3/112—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring interpupillary distance or diameter of pupils for measuring diameter of pupils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
    • G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10048—Infrared image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
    • G06T2207/30041—Eye; Retina; Ophthalmic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a contrast sensitivity testing device for testing the contrast sensitivity of a subject's eye, an optical element evaluating device using the contrast sensitivity testing device, a contrast sensitivity testing method, and an optical element evaluating method.
  • Contrast sensitivity test is a test to test the limit of recognizable contrast.
  • a contrast sensitivity test device having multiple striped targets with different contrasts is used, and the subject is given the contrast (that is, the white and black of the striped target). Contrast) is performed by having the subject respond with a striped target that can be recognized.
  • strong light glare
  • it causes temporary blindness and changes in contrast sensitivity.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 In addition, in order to evaluate the performance of eyeglasses, etc., it has been proposed to create different lighting environments such as outdoors, indoors, and outdoors at night, and to perform contrast sensitivity tests under each lighting environment (for example, non-patent literature 2).
  • wavelength control lenses for example, NeoContrast (registered trademark)
  • NeoContrast registered trademark
  • the wavelength control lens cuts light of a specific wavelength (e.g., 585 nm) to improve contrast sensitivity and visibility, and as contrast sensitivity and visibility improve, visual acuity response speed increases.
  • Wavelength control lenses for various purposes are sold for the purpose of reducing driver fatigue and improving performance in sports (for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
  • the wavelength control lens described in Non-Patent Document 3 is sold at stores such as spectacle stores and sports shops. It is easy to be affected, and it is difficult to test accurate contrast sensitivity, and the contrast sensitivity test device described in Non-Patent Document 2 requires control of the lighting environment of the entire test room, and the system is large. Therefore, the actual situation is that the contrast sensitivity test is not performed at general shops (that is, the effects of wearing the wavelength control lens cannot be felt (evaluated)).
  • the contrast sensitivity test described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 is a test (i.e., a subjective test) in which the subject answers the striped optotype that allows the subject to recognize the contrast, so the obtained test accuracy is also a problem. was there.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus that is smaller than the conventional one and that can easily set a desired lighting environment and inspect contrast sensitivity simply and with high accuracy.
  • a contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus that can easily evaluate optical elements such as lenses for spectacles and sunglasses, using such a contrast sensitivity test apparatus.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a contrast sensitivity inspection method capable of inspecting contrast sensitivity simply and with high accuracy, and an optical element evaluation method capable of easily evaluating an optical element using such a contrast sensitivity inspection method. .
  • the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus of the present invention includes an illumination unit that irradiates illumination light so that the subject's field of view is in a predetermined lighting environment, and a plurality of contrast sensitivity detectors that are arranged within the subject's field of view and have different contrasts. and a reaction time measurement unit that measures the reaction time from the presentation of each target until the subject recognizes it when the illumination light is irradiated. and a housing that accommodates the illuminating unit, the target presenting unit, and the reaction time measuring unit.
  • the visual target presenting unit presents the reference visual target in a substantially central portion of the field of view of the subject, and presents each visual target at a position different from the reference visual target for a predetermined period of time. Also, in this case, it is desirable that the positions at which the respective targets are presented are different. Further, in this case, the reaction time measurement unit detects a first line of sight when the subject views the reference target and a second line of sight when the subject views each target, It is desirable to determine a line-of-sight vector based on the line-of-sight and the second line-of-sight, and to measure reaction time based on the line-of-sight vector.
  • the reaction time measurement unit includes three or more IR illumination devices that irradiate test light toward the eyeballs of the subject, an imaging device that captures an image of the test light reflected by the eyeball, and and a line-of-sight vector calculator for calculating the line-of-sight vector.
  • the reaction time measurement unit has an input unit that receives input from the subject, and measures the time from the presentation of each target until the input is received by the input unit as the reaction time.
  • the illumination unit irradiate the subject's eyeballs with illumination light so that the subject feels photophobia.
  • the illumination unit be configured so that the color temperature of the illumination light can be changed.
  • the illumination unit includes a plurality of LED elements that emit light close to natural light, a diffusion plate that diffuses the light emitted from the plurality of LED elements, and a light that passes through the diffusion plate into illumination light of a predetermined color temperature. and a color temperature conversion filter for conversion, and the color temperature conversion filter is desirably configured to be replaceable.
  • the imaging device may further include an image processing unit that images the periphery of the subject's eyeball and calculates at least one of the palpebral fissure width and the pupil diameter of the subject based on the image data captured by the imaging device. desirable.
  • the optotype presenting unit includes an image display device that displays an image of the optotype.
  • the visual target presenting unit includes a screen and a projection device that projects and displays the visual target on the screen.
  • the visual target presenting unit has a plurality of screens on which the respective visual targets are displayed, and that the screens are sequentially switched and arranged within the field of view of the subject.
  • the visual target has a substantially circular shape whose brightness changes according to a two-dimensional Gaussian function.
  • the optotype includes a striped pattern in which white lines and black lines are alternately repeated.
  • an optical element evaluation apparatus of the present invention includes any one of the contrast sensitivity test apparatuses described above and an optical element replaceably arranged in front of the eyeball of a subject. .
  • the contrast sensitivity testing method of the present invention includes the step of irradiating illumination light so that the subject's field of vision is in a predetermined illumination environment, and sequentially switching a plurality of visual targets with different contrasts, and a step of measuring the reaction time from the presentation of each visual target until the subject recognizes it when illumination light is applied. do.
  • an optical element evaluation method of the present invention is an optical element evaluation method including the steps of the contrast sensitivity testing method described above, and further including the step of placing an optical element in front of the subject's eyeball. , characterized in that
  • the present invention it is possible to easily set a desired lighting environment, and to easily and accurately test contrast sensitivity, which is smaller than conventional contrast sensitivity testing devices. Further, an optical element evaluation apparatus that can easily evaluate optical elements using such a contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus is realized. Further, a contrast sensitivity inspection method capable of inspecting contrast sensitivity simply and with high accuracy, and an optical element evaluation method capable of easily evaluating an optical element using such a contrast sensitivity inspection method are realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the inspection unit of the contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining electrical connections of the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement of LEDs of the IR lighting unit of the contrast sensitivity inspection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the photophobic illumination unit of the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart explaining how to use the contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of calibration processing executed by the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 8A and 8B are diagrams showing a subject image and an operator image displayed in the calibration process of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a central visual angle response speed test performed by the contrast sensitivity test apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a subject image displayed in the central visual angle response speed test of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an operator image displayed in the central viewing angle response speed test of FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a peripheral viewing angle response speed test performed by the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a subject image displayed in the peripheral visual angle response speed test of FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an operator image displayed in the peripheral visual angle response speed test of FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the presentation position and brightness of the visual target CT displayed in the peripheral visual angle response speed test of FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the configuration of an optical element evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the configuration of the evaluation lens holder of the optical element evaluation device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a contrast sensitivity inspection device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the contrast sensitivity testing device 1 of this embodiment is a device for testing the contrast sensitivity of the subject's eye, and includes an testing unit 100 that tests the subject's eye and controls the operation of the testing unit 100. , an external display 301 , a keyboard 302 , a mouse 303 , and a controller 304 .
  • 1(a) shows a front view of the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200
  • FIG. 1(b) shows a side view of the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200.
  • FIG. 1(a) shows a front view of the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200
  • FIG. 1(b) shows a side view of the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200.
  • the inspection unit 100 and the control unit 200 are configured integrally and placed on a height-adjustable inspection table (not shown). Between the subject and the inspection unit 100, a chin rest (not shown) on which the chin of the subject can be placed and a forehead rest (not shown) are provided so that the eye position of the subject can be adjusted by the inspection unit. 100 can be adjusted to the optimum position.
  • FIG. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the inspection unit 100 of the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. -B line sectional view.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining electrical connections of the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus 1 of this embodiment.
  • the inspection unit 100 of this embodiment includes an upper housing 101, an IR illumination unit 110, photophobic illumination units 120 and 130, a hot mirror 140, and eye cameras 150 and 160. , a reflecting mirror 170 and a monitor 180 .
  • IR lighting unit 110, photophobic lighting units 120 and 130, and eye cameras 150 and 160 are connected to control unit 200 via internal wiring.
  • the control unit 200 includes an MPU 201 that controls the overall operation of the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus 1, a ROM 202 that stores control data including an operating system (OS) in a non-volatile manner, and an MPU 201.
  • a RAM 203 which is also used as a working area and temporarily stores various data, and a storage device 204 (e.g., hard disk drive (HDD), solid state drive (SSD), etc.) that stores various data and software in a non-volatile and updatable manner.
  • HDD hard disk drive
  • SSD solid state drive
  • a multimedia interface (IF) 208 such as HDMI (registered trademark) that performs interface operations for audio data and video (image) data
  • a control interface (IF) 209 that performs various interface operations for control
  • a lower housing 210 FIG. 1 that houses the components.
  • the external display 301 is a display device that presents various information to the operator.
  • a keyboard 302 is an input device for the operator to input various data.
  • a mouse 303 is a pointing device for the operator to perform various settings and operations.
  • the controller 304 is a device for the subject to perform various inputs and operations (for example, direction input by lever operation, direction input by button operation, operation by voice input, etc.). Note that the external display 301, the keyboard 302, the mouse 303, and the controller 304 do not necessarily have to be connected by wire. is also possible.
  • the housing 101 is a substantially cubic metal case, and accommodates the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130, the hot mirror 140, the eyeball cameras 150 and 160, the reflecting mirror 170, and the monitor 180 inside. ing.
  • a circular opening 101a is formed in the front surface (surface on the subject side) of the housing 101 so that the subject can visually recognize the image of the monitor 180 inside.
  • An IR illumination unit 110 is attached to the opening 101a so as to block the opening 101a.
  • the IR lighting unit 110 is a light source device for detecting an optical axis vector, which will be described later, and has a right eye unit 110R and a left eye unit 110L (FIGS. 1 and 3). and the left eye unit 110L each include eight LEDs 111 to 118 that emit infrared light IR (FIGS. 2 and 3) toward the subject's eye. Note that the LEDs 111 to 118 of this embodiment are ON/OFF controlled in accordance with control signals from the control unit 200.
  • FIG. Circular openings 110Ra and 110La are formed inside the LEDs 111 to 118 of the right eye unit 110R and the left eye unit 110L, respectively (FIG. 1). 101), a transparent cover glass 119 is provided so as to close the openings 110Ra and 110La. Therefore, the subject can visually recognize the image of the internal monitor 180 through the cover glass 119 of the openings 110Ra and 110La.
  • the photophobic illumination units 120 and 130 emit illumination light P (FIGS. 2 and 3) toward the subject's eyeballs from the left oblique front of the subject's left eye and the right oblique front of the right eye so that the subject feels photophobia (glare). 3) is a light source device for glare inspection.
  • 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the photophobic illumination unit 130.
  • FIG. 5A is a front view
  • FIG. 5B is a top view
  • FIG. 5C is an internal configuration. It is a cross-sectional view showing the. Since the configuration of the photophobic illumination unit 120 is the same as that of the photophobic illumination unit 130, only the photophobic illumination unit 130 will be described below as a representative.
  • the photophobic lighting unit 130 includes a plurality of (four in the example of FIG. 5C) substrates 131, LED chips 132 arranged on each substrate 131, and substrates 131
  • a case 133 that houses an LED chip 132 , a diffusion plate 134 arranged to cover an opening 133 a on the front surface of the case 133 , and a heat sink 135 fixed to the back surface of the case 133 are provided.
  • An anode pattern (not shown) and a cathode pattern (not shown) for supplying power to the LED chips 132 are formed on the surface of the substrate 131, and each LED chip 132 is soldered to the anode pattern and the cathode pattern, respectively. It is electrically connected by attaching or the like.
  • the anode pattern and the cathode pattern are electrically connected to a driver circuit (not shown), and each LED chip 132 is supplied with a predetermined drive current from the driver circuit according to a control signal from the control unit 200.
  • each LED chip 132 emits light close to natural light (including all wavelengths of visible light) (hereinafter simply referred to as "natural light") in an amount corresponding to the drive current. is emitted.
  • the control signal from the control unit 200 enables ON/OFF control (lighting time, lighting start timing, blinking, etc.) and light amount control (illuminance adjustment) of the LED chip 132. .
  • the diffuser plate 134 is an optical member that diffuses natural light emitted from the LED chips 132 . As the light from the LED chips 132 passes through the diffusion plate 134 , the diffusion plate 134 emits natural light with less illumination unevenness (that is, with substantially uniform illuminance). Although the diffuser plate 134 of this embodiment is fixed so as to cover the front opening 133a of the case 133, it can be changed (replaced) according to the glare inspection conditions.
  • the heat sink 135 is a member for dissipating heat generated by the LED chip 132, and is made of metal such as copper with high thermal conductivity.
  • the heat sink 135 of this embodiment is an air-cooled heat sink having a plurality of heat radiation fins 135a formed therein. The heat is dissipated into the air from the
  • Natural light emitted from each of the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 is configured to pass through color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 arranged close to each of the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 (FIG. 2).
  • the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 are optical members for setting the scene (that is, the lighting environment) in the glare inspection. Convert to P and output.
  • the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 of this embodiment are attached to the filter replacement handle 105, and the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 can be inserted and removed by moving the filter replacement handle 105 in the vertical direction.
  • the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 can be replaced with those having a predetermined color temperature.
  • the indoor LED lighting environment is set
  • the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 with a color temperature of 6500K are used
  • the outdoor lighting environment is set.
  • the outdoor evening lighting environment is set.
  • the scene (that is, the lighting environment) in the glare inspection is set by exchanging the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139, but instead of the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139, for example, Alternatively, a plurality of LED chips 132 with different color temperatures may be used, and the LED chips 132 to be lit may be switched according to the desired scene. Alternatively, a plurality of LED chips 132 having filters with different color temperatures may be used, and the LED chips 132 to be lit may be switched according to the desired scene.
  • the illumination light P that has passed through the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 and has been converted to a predetermined color temperature is directed toward the hot mirror 140 (FIG. 2). Since the hot mirror 140 is an optical element that transmits visible light and reflects infrared light, the illumination light P from the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 is transmitted through the hot mirror 140 and directed toward the subject's eyeball. be irradiated.
  • the eye cameras 150 and 160 are imaging devices used to detect an optical axis vector, which will be described later, and to measure the palpebral fissure width and pupil diameter of the subject. do. More specifically, the eye cameras 150 and 160 have an imaging lens (not shown), a visible light cut filter, and an imaging device (for example, CCD, CMOS, etc.) inside, and are illuminated by illumination light P and infrared light IR.
  • an imaging lens not shown
  • a visible light cut filter for example, CCD, CMOS, etc.
  • the reflected light (reflected image) R from the subject's eyeball is reflected by the hot mirror 140, enters the eyeball cameras 150 and 160, is condensed by the imaging lens, and is converted into a visible light component (that is, the illumination light P component) is attenuated by the visible light cut filter and then imaged by the imaging element (FIGS. 2(b) and 3).
  • the images captured by the eyeball cameras 150 and 160 are transmitted to the control unit 200 and processed.
  • the monitor 180 is a display device for presenting various visual targets (images) for contrast sensitivity testing to the subject.
  • Various visual targets (images) displayed on the display surface 182 of the monitor 180 are emitted from the display surface 182 as display light L and reflected by the reflection surface 172 of the reflection mirror 170 (the surface facing the display surface 182). Then, it passes through the hot mirror 140 and enters the subject's eye (FIG. 2(b)).
  • the display surface 182 of the monitor 180 is placed within the visual field of the subject when the subject's eyes are positioned accurately with respect to the openings 110Ra and 110La of the IR illumination unit 110, and various Visual targets (images) are visible.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the method of using the contrast sensitivity testing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment (that is, the testing method).
  • 10 is an operation flowchart when executing inspection software that has been tested.
  • each process (subroutine ) is executed.
  • Inspection condition input processing S100 the MPU 201 displays a predetermined input screen on the external display 301.
  • FIG. The operator operates the keyboard 302 and the mouse 303 to input to each input item on the input screen, and when the input ends, this process ends.
  • Input items include personal information such as the name of the subject, color temperature setting (illumination environment) and illuminance setting of the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130, and various parameters used in the central visual angle response speed test S300 (stripe target DT1 to DT3 contrast, etc.), and various parameters used in the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400 (number of visual targets CT, contrast, presentation position, etc.).
  • the calibration process S200 is a process for correcting individual differences in eye size and shape of the subject.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of calibration processing S200 executed by the MPU 201. As shown in FIG.
  • the calibration process S200 of the present embodiment uses the optical axis vector calculation technique of the previous patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-165668) of the inventors of the present invention, and the visual axis calibration of the patent application It is the same processing as
  • FIG. 8A and 8B are diagrams of images displayed on the monitor 180 and the external display 301 in the calibration process S200.
  • FIG. 8A shows a subject image 180a displayed on the monitor 180 and provided to the subject.
  • (b) shows an operator image 301a displayed on the external display 301 and provided to the operator.
  • the MPU 201 displays the subject image 180a on the monitor 180, displays the operator image 301a on the external display 301, lights the LEDs 111 to 118 of the IR lighting unit 110, and the eyeball camera 150 , 160 are displayed in the eye image display areas EBL and EBR in the operator image 301a (step S201).
  • the subject is asked to look into the inspection unit 100 through the cover glass 119 of the IR illumination unit 110, and the subject's head is positioned such that the left and right pupils of the subject are within the rectangular reference markers MKL and MKR. to adjust.
  • the process proceeds to step S203. move on.
  • the MPU 201 calculates the optical axes of both eyes. More specifically, the MPU 201 calculates the average corneal curvature center of the left and right eyeballs of the subject from the positions of the reflected images (bright spots around the pupil) of the LEDs 111 to 118 included in the left and right eyeball images from the eye cameras 150 and 160. A value (representative value of the center of corneal curvature) is calculated, and the center points of the left and right pupils are obtained based on the left and right eyeball images. Then, the MPU 201 connects the corneal curvature center and the pupil center point, and calculates a vector from the pupil center point to the corneal curvature center as an optical axis vector. The process then proceeds to step S205.
  • step S205 the MPU 201 calculates the difference between the optical axis and the visual axis calculated in step S203 as a correction amount. More specifically, the MPU 201 aligns the calculated optical axis position with the visual axis (line of sight) of the subject gazing at the gaze target GT so that the calculated position of the optical axis coincides with the visual axis (line of sight) of the subject. ) position is calculated as a correction amount. The process then proceeds to step S207.
  • step S207 the MPU 201 calculates the optical axis at any time (for example, at a cycle of 30 Hz), corrects the calculated optical axis with the correction amount calculated in step S205, and estimates the subject's visual axis at any time. (hereinafter referred to as "visual axis detection processing").
  • visual axis detection processing the calibration process S200 is executed, individual differences in eye size and shape of the subject are corrected, and the movement of the visual axis (line of sight) of the subject is accurately estimated at any time in the background.
  • a central viewing angle response speed test S300 is then executed.
  • the central visual angle response speed test S300 is a contrast sensitivity test using a similar target to the conventional test using a striped target.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the central visual angle response speed test S300 executed by the MPU 201.
  • FIG. 10 shows subject images 180b to 180e displayed on the monitor 180 and presented to the subject in the central visual angle response speed test S300
  • FIG. 11 is displayed on the external display 301 in the central visual angle response speed test S300 and presented to the operator.
  • Presented operator images 301b-301d are shown.
  • the MPU 201 sets the variable n for counting the number of times of testing to "1" (step S301), and lights the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 at a predetermined illuminance (that is, , the LED chip 132 is turned on with a predetermined amount of light (step S303).
  • the MPU 201 displays the subject image 180b (plain pattern) on the monitor 180, displays the operator image 301b on the external display 301, lights the LEDs 111 to 118 of the IR lighting unit 110, and the eyeball cameras 150, 160
  • the left and right eyeball images are displayed in the eyeball image display areas EBL and EBR in the operator image 301a (step S305).
  • the left and right pupil diameters are obtained from the left and right eyeball images from the eyeball cameras 150 and 160 as needed.
  • the process then proceeds to step S307.
  • the MPU 201 presents one of the subject images 180c to 180e on the monitor 180 at random.
  • the subject images 180c to 180e of the present embodiment include striped targets DT1 (left tilt pattern) and DT2 (non-tilt pattern) of predetermined contrast set in the examination condition input processing S100. , DT3 (right tilt pattern) are shown.
  • the contrast sensitivity test is performed by asking the subject to use the controller 304 to answer which of the striped targets DT1 to DT3 the striped target currently displayed on the monitor 180 is. It is carried out.
  • the subject determines that the striped target DT1 (left tilt pattern) is presented, the subject operates the left button (not shown) of the controller 304 to display the striped target DT2 (non-tilt pattern).
  • the upper button (not shown) of the controller 304 is operated. (not shown)), and the down button (not shown) of the controller 304 is operated when the inclination direction of the presented striped optotypes DT1 to DT3 is unknown.
  • step S309 the MPU 201 determines whether or not there is an input from the controller 304 (that is, determines whether or not the subject has operated the controller 304). If the controller 304 is not operated, the process proceeds to step S311 (step S309: NO), and if the controller 304 is operated, the process proceeds to step S313 (step S309: YES).
  • step S311 the MPU 201 determines whether or not 10 seconds have elapsed since the subject images 180c to 180e were presented (from step S307). If not, the process returns to step S309 (step S311: NO), if it has passed, it is determined that the subject cannot recognize the striped target currently displayed on the monitor 180, and the processing is performed to present the next striped target (to proceed to the next examination). goes to step S317 (step S311: YES).
  • the MPU 201 analyzes the input of the controller 304 operated at step S309.
  • the left button of the controller 304 is pressed, it is determined that the subject has determined that the striped target DT1 (left tilt pattern) is selected.
  • the input of the right button of the controller 304 it is recognized that the subject has determined that the subject has the striped target DT3 (right tilt pattern). The process then proceeds to step S315.
  • step S315 the MPU 201 calculates the reaction time from when the subject images 180c to 180e are displayed (from step S307) until the subject operates the controller 304. The process then proceeds to step S317.
  • step S317 the MPU 201 adds "1" to the variable n for counting the number of inspections, determines whether the variable n is "6" (step S319), and determines whether the variable n is "6". If not, the process repeats steps S305 to S319, and if the variable n is "6", the MPU 201 displays the operator image 301c on the external display 301 (step S321), and the central visual angle The response speed inspection S300 ends.
  • the variable n is 1 to 5 (that is, 5 times)
  • the subject is presented with one of the subject images 180c to 180e, and the contrast sensitivity test is performed.
  • the operator image 301b displayed on the external display 301 in step S305 is appropriately updated while the variable n is between 1 and 5, and is displayed on the monitor 180 in the progress display area PE for displaying the progress of the contrast sensitivity test.
  • the display state of the subject images 180c to 180e to be displayed is displayed (FIG. 11(a)).
  • the pupil diameter display area PD left and right pupil diameters, which are measured as needed, are graphically displayed.
  • the central visual angle response speed test S300 is finished, the striped optotype presented in step S307, the input of the controller 304 analyzed in step S313, the test result (correct/wrong result) are displayed in the test result display area MR of the operator image 301c.
  • the operator image 301c is provided with a "display switching" button SB, and when this button is clicked with the mouse 303, the operator image 301d is displayed (FIG. 11(c)). )).
  • the operator image 301d left and right eyeball images of the subject are enlarged and displayed, and a pair of scales SC1 and SC2 extending in a horizontal line and movable in the vertical direction are displayed in the eyeball image display areas EBL and EBR. be done.
  • the eyelid opening amount of the subject is displayed in the eyelid opening amount display areas DL and DR of the operator image 301d. Is displayed.
  • each reaction time is obtained along with the correctness of recognition of each striped target.
  • the obtained reaction time can be used as an index indicating the degree of uncertainty in recognition of the striped target.
  • Information on the pupil diameter displayed in the pupil diameter display areas PD of the operator images 301b and 301c and information on the amount of eyelid opening displayed in the eyelid opening amount display areas DL and DR of the operator image 301d may be used if the subject has photophobia. It can be used as an index for determining whether or not the stress is felt (that is, whether or not the stress is felt).
  • the peripheral viewing angle response speed test S400 is a contrast sensitivity test performed by presenting visual targets with different contrasts at a position away from the center and measuring the time required to gaze at the visual target.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400 executed by the MPU 201. As shown in FIG. 13 shows subject images 180f and 180g displayed on the monitor 180 and presented to the subject in the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400, and FIG. 14 is displayed on the external display 301 in the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400 to the operator. Presented operator images 301e, 301f are shown.
  • the MPU 201 sets the variable n for counting the number of times of testing to "1" (step S401), and lights the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 at a predetermined illuminance (that is, , the LED chip 132 is turned on with a predetermined amount of light (step S403).
  • the MPU 201 displays the subject image 180f on the monitor 180, displays the operator image 301e on the external display 301, lights the LEDs 111 to 118 of the IR lighting unit 110, and left and right eyeball images from the eyeball cameras 150 and 160. are displayed in the eyeball image display areas EBL and EBR in the operator image 301e (step S405).
  • the subject image 180f of the present embodiment includes a circular reference target RT presented substantially in the center of the visual field of the subject and presented at different positions around the reference target RT. and a plurality of circular targets CT with different contrasts.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the presentation position (FIG. 15(a)) and brightness (FIG. 15(b)) of the visual target CT of this embodiment.
  • the vertical axis indicates the vertical viewing angle
  • the horizontal axis indicates the horizontal viewing angle.
  • the target CT of the present embodiment has ⁇ 6.4952°, ⁇ 12.9904°, ⁇ 19.486° in the vertical direction and ⁇ 12.9904° and ⁇ 19.486° in the horizontal direction around the reference target RT.
  • the visual target CT of the present embodiment is a substantially circular black image whose brightness (luminance) changes according to a two-dimensional Gaussian function, and the size of the visual target CT is , the full width at half maximum of the Gaussian function is set to match the viewing angle of 0.775°.
  • the contrast of the target CT is represented by the following formula.
  • step S407 the MPU 201 presents a target CT with a predetermined contrast at a position corresponding to one of the presentation positions shown in FIG. 15(a) (FIG. 13(b)).
  • the visual target CT when the visual target CT is presented, the subject is asked to shift his line of sight from the reference target RT to the visual target CT (that is, to gaze at the visual target CT), thereby conducting a contrast sensitivity test. It is carried out. Specifically, when the subject's visual axis (line of sight) moves from the reference target RT to the target CT, it is detected by the visual axis detection process executed in step S207 of the calibration process S200, and the reaction time is measure.
  • step S409 the MPU 201 determines whether or not the visual axis has moved by the visual axis detection process (that is, determines whether or not the subject has moved the line of sight to the visual target CT). If the visual axis has not moved, the process proceeds to step S411 (step S409: NO), and if the visual axis has moved, the process proceeds to step S413 (step S409: YES). In this embodiment, it is determined that the visual axis has moved when the visual axis has moved 3/5 of the linear distance between the reference target RT and the visual target CT.
  • step S411 the MPU 201 determines whether or not 3 seconds have passed since the visual target CT was presented (from step S407), and if not, the process returns to step S409 (step S411: NO). , when it has passed, it is determined that the subject cannot recognize the visual target CT currently displayed on the monitor 180, and in order to present the next visual target CT (to proceed to the next examination), the processing proceeds to step The process proceeds to S417 (step S411: YES).
  • step S415 the MPU 201 calculates the reaction time from presenting the visual target CT (from step S407) to detecting the movement of the visual axis in step S409. The process then proceeds to step S417.
  • step S417 the MPU 201 adds "1" to the variable n for counting the number of inspections, determines whether the variable n is "37” (step S419), and determines whether the variable n is "37". If not, the process repeats steps S405 to S419, and if the variable n is "37", the MPU 201 displays the operator image 301f on the external display 301 (step S421), and the peripheral visual angle The response speed check S400 ends.
  • the variable n is 1 to 36 (that is, 36 times)
  • the visual target CT is randomly presented at the presentation position shown in FIG. 15(a), and the contrast sensitivity test is performed. .
  • the operator image 301e displayed on the external display 301 in step S405 is appropriately updated while the variable n is between 1 and 36, and is displayed on the monitor 180 in the progress display area PE for displaying the progress of the contrast sensitivity test.
  • the display state of the visual target CT to be displayed is displayed (FIG. 14(a)).
  • the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400 ends, the relationship between the position of the target CT presented in step S407 and the reaction time calculated in step S415 is mapped in the test result display area MR of the operator image 301f. Based on the relationship between the contrast of the target CT and the reaction time, the judgment results are displayed in ranking (FIG. 14(b)).
  • Each circular mark in the test result display area MR of the operator image 301f corresponds to the position of each target CT. represents time. In this embodiment, the darker the gray, the faster the reaction speed, and the lighter the gray, the slower the reaction speed.
  • the "inner circumference average reaction time” in the test result display area MR indicates the average reaction time of the six targets CT near the center (located on the inner circumference), and the “outer circumference average reaction time” indicates the most The average reaction time of the 18 targets CT on the outer side (located on the outer periphery) is shown, and the "middle average reaction time” indicates the 12 targets CT located on the middle (located between the inner periphery and the outer periphery).
  • “Overall average reaction time” indicates the average reaction time of all (36) target CTs
  • “Binocular matching rate” indicates the left and right of the moment when each target CT is seen. It shows the eye line-of-sight matching rate (that is, an index indicating whether binocular vision is possible).
  • “comprehensive evaluation” is a ranking determined based on the “overall average reaction time”, and in this embodiment, there are five levels of S, A, B, C, and D from the fastest reaction speed. It is designed to be judged.
  • the reaction time for each visual target CT is calculated and displayed in association with the presentation position of each visual target CT. Also, based on the relationship between the contrast of the target CT and the reaction time, the judgment results (that is, the results of the contrast sensitivity test) are ranked and displayed. In other words, the contrast sensitivity test is performed automatically and objectively.
  • the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130 are lit with a predetermined illuminance (that is, the LED chip 132 is turned on with a predetermined amount of light).
  • a predetermined illuminance that is, the LED chip 132 is turned on with a predetermined amount of light.
  • the central visual angle response speed inspection is performed with the photophobic illumination units 120 and 130 turned off, blinking at a predetermined cycle, or with the illuminance changed.
  • S300 and a peripheral viewing angle response speed test S400 may be performed.
  • the central viewing angle response speed test S300 and the peripheral viewing angle response speed test S400 are described as being executed in order, but if necessary, the central viewing angle response speed test S300 and the peripheral viewing angle response speed test S400 may be performed.
  • the target CT with a predetermined contrast is used. can be changed as appropriate.
  • the target CT is presented at 36 presentation positions, but the configuration is not necessarily limited to such a configuration. Only six presentation positions close to .
  • the monitor 180 arranged in the examination unit 100 is configured to present various visual targets visually recognized by the subject.
  • a screen may be arranged and various visual targets to be visually recognized by the subject may be presented on the screen.
  • a plurality of screens (for example, paper) on which each target is displayed may be prepared, and the screens may be sequentially switched and arranged within the field of view of the subject.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the configuration of an optical element evaluation apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 of the present embodiment is placed in a store such as an eyeglass store, and a user who is planning to purchase eyeglasses or sunglasses can purchase the lenses of the eyeglasses or sunglasses in advance (before purchase).
  • It is an apparatus for evaluation, and differs from the contrast sensitivity inspection apparatus 1 of the first embodiment in that an evaluation lens holder 400 is provided on the front surface (subject side surface) of the IR illumination unit 110 .
  • FIG. 17A and 17B are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the evaluation lens holder 400.
  • FIG. 17A is a front view and FIG. 17B is a rear view.
  • the evaluation lens holder 400 is a substantially rectangular member made of cloth or resin that supports the lens OL to be evaluated between the subject's eyeball and the examination unit 100 .
  • the evaluation lens holder 400 is formed with two circular openings 402 penetrating from the front surface to the back surface, and 16 through holes 401 arranged so as to circularly surround each opening 402 . It is In addition, the evaluation lens holder 400 has a lens receiving portion 403 provided along the lower side of each opening 402 on the back side, and the left and right lenses OL to be evaluated are taken in and out of the lens receiving portion 403, respectively. (insertion/extraction) is possible.
  • the left and right lenses OL may have the same characteristics (degree, color, transmittance, etc.), or may have different characteristics depending on the characteristics of each eye (wavelength sensitivity, brightness sensitivity, etc.). may be
  • the opening 402 is an opening for the user to look into the inspection unit 100 .
  • the through hole 401 is an opening formed at a position corresponding to the LEDs 111 to 118 of the IR lighting unit 110, and when the evaluation lens holder 400 is attached to the IR lighting unit 110, the LEDs 111 to 118 are projected from the through hole 401. It is exposed so that the infrared light IR from the LEDs 111-118 is not blocked.
  • the evaluation lens holder 400 of this embodiment is fixed to the front surface of the IR lighting unit 110 by a magnet (not shown).
  • the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 of the present embodiment is configured such that the lenses of spectacles or sunglasses desired by the user can be easily attached to and detached from the inspection unit 100 . Therefore, the user can easily undergo a contrast sensitivity test using a desired lens. That is, as described above, the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 reproduces a lighting environment suitable for the scene by exchanging the color temperature adjustment filters 138 and 139 of the photophobic lighting units 120 and 130. You can feel (evaluate) the effect of wearing sunglasses according to the usage environment. As described above, in the central viewing angle response speed test S300, the color, brightness, contrast, and background color of the target CT can be changed as appropriate.
  • the background color is set to the color that is the most difficult to see
  • the optotype is set to the color with the highest contrast against the background color. It is possible to evaluate Further, as described above, according to the peripheral visual angle response speed test S400, since the appearance using the lens is objectively ranked and displayed, the user planning to purchase the lens can determine whether the lens is suitable for him/herself. It is possible to objectively evaluate whether Further, as described above, information on the pupil diameter and eyelid opening amount during the contrast sensitivity test is also obtained as an index for determining whether or not the user is feeling photophobia (that is, whether or not the user is feeling stress). Therefore, it is possible to objectively evaluate whether or not the lens is suitable for the user also from this information.
  • the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 of the present embodiment has been described as evaluating lenses of eyeglasses and sunglasses
  • the evaluation target may be any optical element or optical material placed in front of the user's eyes. , contact lenses, goggles (for swimming, skiing, riders, and other sports in general), shields for helmets, windshields, window glasses, and the like.
  • the optical element evaluation apparatus 2 has been described as a device for evaluating lenses of spectacles and sunglasses in advance (before purchase), but it is not necessarily limited to such applications, and the user already owns the optical element evaluation device 2 . You can also rate the product.
  • Reference Signs List 1 contrast sensitivity inspection device 2: optical element evaluation device 100: inspection unit 101: upper housing 101a: opening 105: filter replacement handle 110: IR illumination unit 110L: left eye unit 110La: opening 110R: right eye for unit 110Ra: opening 111: LED 112: LEDs 113: LEDs 114: LEDs 115: LEDs 116: LEDs 117: LEDs 118: LEDs 119: Cover glass 120: Photophobic lighting unit 130: Photophobic lighting unit 131: Substrate 132: LED chip 133: Case 133a: Opening 134: Diffusion plate 135: Heat sink 135a: Radiation fin 138: Color temperature adjustment filter 139: Color temperature adjustment Filter 140 : Hot mirror 150 : Eyeball camera 160 : Eyeball camera 170 : Reflecting mirror 172 : Reflecting surface 180 : Monitor 180a : Subject image 180b : Subject image 180c : Subject image 180d : Subject image 180e : Subject image 180f : Subject image 180g : Subject image 182

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