WO2023041367A1 - Copolyamid und polymerfilm enthaltend mindestens ein lactam, eine dicarbonsäure und 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentan - Google Patents
Copolyamid und polymerfilm enthaltend mindestens ein lactam, eine dicarbonsäure und 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentan Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023041367A1 WO2023041367A1 PCT/EP2022/074683 EP2022074683W WO2023041367A1 WO 2023041367 A1 WO2023041367 A1 WO 2023041367A1 EP 2022074683 W EP2022074683 W EP 2022074683W WO 2023041367 A1 WO2023041367 A1 WO 2023041367A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- copolyamide
- acid
- polymer film
- film
- component
- Prior art date
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- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 197
- GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCN GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006233 biaxially oriented polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YVSCCMNRWFOKDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O YVSCCMNRWFOKDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GJBRTCPWCKRSTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O GJBRTCPWCKRSTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YKEKYBOBVREARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O YKEKYBOBVREARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OVYQSRKFHNKIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O OVYQSRKFHNKIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEUHNWODXVYLFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O XEUHNWODXVYLFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBWJEYRHXACLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O WPBWJEYRHXACLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 91
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 30
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229960000250 adipic acid Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 10
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCN1 XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 7
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CJYXCQLOZNIMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azocan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCN1 CJYXCQLOZNIMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- VILAVOFMIJHSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbon monoxide Chemical group [C]=C=O VILAVOFMIJHSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003954 δ-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920010346 Very Low Density Polyethylene (VLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YDLSUFFXJYEVHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azonan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCN1 YDLSUFFXJYEVHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-aminopropionic acid Natural products NCCC(O)=O UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadaverine Chemical compound NCCCCCN VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JJMDCOVWQOJGCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-aminovaleric acid Natural products [NH3+]CCCCC([O-])=O JJMDCOVWQOJGCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- BFMKFCLXZSUVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl but-3-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC=C BFMKFCLXZSUVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutanoic acid Natural products NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003955 ε-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005084 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003313 Bynel® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003853 Ultramid® B40 L Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004708 Very-low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005427 anthranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MNFORVFSTILPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCN1 MNFORVFSTILPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003950 cyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Decanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003952 β-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003953 γ-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/40—Polyamides containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/36—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino acids, polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copolyamide (CoPA) produced by polymerizing a lactam (A) and a monomer mixture (M), the monomer mixture (M) containing 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane.
- the present invention relates to a polymer film containing the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), a method for producing the polymer film and the use of the polymer film (P) as a packaging film.
- Polyamides are of particular importance industrially because they are characterized by very good mechanical properties, in particular they have high strength and toughness, good chemical resistance and high abrasion resistance. They are used, for example, to make fishing lines, climbing ropes and carpets. In addition, polyamides are used in the production of packaging films and packaging casings.
- Copolyamides which combine the properties of different polyamides, are therefore often used for packaging films and packaging casings.
- Various copolyamides have been described in the prior art.
- EP 0 352 562 describes films made from copolyamides, the copolyamides being produced from 8-caprolactam and preferably from 1 to 10 parts by weight of a dimer acid and a diamine. The copolyamides can then be used to produce flat or blown films. They are also suitable for the production of composite films.
- DE 28 46 596 describes moldings made from a copolyamide of caprolactam, fatty acid dimers and hexamethylenediamine. However, the thermoplastics described cannot be extruded into a film.
- US 4,387,184 describes multiphase polyamide compositions. These multiphase polyamide compositions contain a polyamide matrix and a phase dispersed therein which also contains a polyamide. These multiphase polyamide compositions can be made into films.
- a disadvantage of the films described in US Pat. No. 4,387,184 is that they have little or no transparency and that they have poor mechanical properties, in particular a high modulus of elasticity and therefore high rigidity.
- US Pat. No. 5,888,597 discloses a thermoplastic film based on a polymer containing polyamide and polyether blocks.
- the films have a low mechanical stability, so that they are applied to a structure made of polyethylene or PVC, for example.
- EP 0761715 A1 describes films made from copolyetheramides for the production of waterproof rainwear, for example, with polyoxyalkylenediamines having a molecular weight of at least 600 and at most 6000 being essential as one component in order to achieve the properties of the films according to the invention.
- the object on which the present invention is based was therefore to provide a polyamide that is particularly suitable for the production of a polymer film that does not have the disadvantages of the polymer films described in the prior art, or has them only to a reduced extent.
- the polymer film should be as simple and inexpensive to produce as possible.
- the object on which the present invention is based was likewise to provide a polymer film (P) which contains a polyamide and which does not have the disadvantages of the polymer films described in the prior art, or has them only to a reduced extent.
- the polymer film (P) should be as simple and inexpensive to produce as possible.
- (B1) contains at least one C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid and (B2) at least one diamine, component (B2) containing 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) being related in each case are based on the sum of the weight percentages of components (A) and (B).
- (B1) contains at least one C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid and (B2) at least one diamine, component (B2) containing 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) being related in each case are based on the sum of the weight percentages of components (A) and (B).
- the polymer film (P) according to the invention has high water vapor permeability and suitable mechanical properties for the production of permeable packaging.
- the polymer film (P) according to the invention has a water vapor permeability (WVP) of at least 2500 g*pm/(m 2 *d), preferably at least 3000 g*pm/(m 2 *d), particularly preferably at least 3500 g*pm /(m 2 *d) measured according to ASTM F 1249 at 23°C and 85% RH.
- WVP water vapor permeability
- the polymer film (P) according to the invention also has high tear propagation resistance. Furthermore, the polymer films (P) according to the invention exhibit a reduced oxygen permeability compared to the prior art.
- the oxygen permeability is less than 1500 cm 3 *pm/(m 2 *d*bar), preferably less than 1250 cm 3 *pm/(m 2 *d*bar), particularly preferably less than 1200 cm 3 *pm/(m 2 *d*bar).
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one copolyamide (CoPA).
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one copolyamide (CoPA) which is produced by polymerizing the components
- (B1) contains at least one C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid and (B2) at least one diamine, component (B2) containing 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) being related in each case are based on the sum of the weight percentages of components (A) and (B).
- At least one copolyamide is understood to mean both precisely one copolyamide (CoPA) and a mixture of two or more copolyamides (CoPA).
- the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) is described below.
- the polymer film (P) has, for example, a thickness in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably a thickness in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably in the range from 5 pm to 100 pm and more preferably in the range of 7.5 pm to 100 pm.
- the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P) in which the polymer film (P) has a thickness in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably a thickness in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in the range from 7.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the polymer film (P) can contain at least one further polymer (wP) in addition to the at least one copolyamide (CoPA).
- At least one further polymer (wP) means both precisely one further polymer (wP) and a mixture of two or more further polymers (wP).
- At least one further polymer is suitable as at least one further polymer (wP). It goes without saying that the at least one further polymer (wP) is different from the at least one copolyamide (CoPA).
- the at least one further polymer (wP) is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, ethyl vinyl alcohols, ethyl vinyl acetates, polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride, polyesters, polyamides and ionomers.
- the at least one further polymer (wP) is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, poly(ethyl vinyl alcohols), poly(ethyl vinyl acetates), polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/66 and polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride.
- the at least one further polymer (wP) is most preferably selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/66 and ethyl vinyl alcohols. If the at least one further polymer (wP) is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, it is preferred that polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride are additionally used as at least one further polymer (wP). It is possible for a mixture of polyolefins and polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride to be used as the at least one further polymer (wP).
- the polymer film (P) is a multilayer film described below, the polymer film (P) contains at least a first further layer of at least one further polymer (wP), the at least one further polymer (wP) of the first further layer is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride and the polymer film (P) contains at least one second further layer of at least one further polymer (wP), wherein the at least one further polymer (wP) of the second further layer is selected from the Group consisting of polyolefins.
- the polymer film (P) then preferably contains the first additional layer between the first layer, which contains the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and the second additional layer.
- CoPA copolyamide
- Polyolefins as such are known to those skilled in the art.
- Preferred polyolefins are polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).
- Linear-low-density polyethylene is a copolymer of ethylene and at least one C4-Cs-a-olefin.
- Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is characterized by long polymer chains with short side chains. The length of the side chains in linear-low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is usually shorter than in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and in medium-density polyethylene (MDPE).
- the melting point of linear-low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is preferably in the range from 110 to 130° C., its density is in the range from 0.91 to 0.93 g/cm 3 .
- VLDPE Very-low-density polyethylene
- C4-Cs-a-olefins usually have a melting point in the range from 110 to 130° C. and a density in the range from 0.86 to 0.91 g/cm 3 .
- the proportion of C4-Cs-a-olefins in VLDPE is usually higher than in LLDPE.
- C4-C8-a-olefins are understood to mean linear and branched, preferably linear, alkylenes having 4 to 8 carbon atoms which are unsaturated in the a-position, ie have a C-C double bond in the a-position.
- Examples are 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene and 1-octene.
- 1-Butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene are preferred.
- poly(ethylene vinyl acetates) are copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate.
- ethylene in the range from 82 to 99.9% by weight of ethylene and in the range from 0.1 to 18% by weight of vinyl acetate, preferably in the range from 88 to 99.9% by weight of ethylene and in the range from 0, 01 to 12% by weight of vinyl acetate used for the production.
- Preferred poly(ethylene vinyl alcohols) are obtainable by complete or partial saponification of the poly(ethylene vinyl acetates) described above.
- the poly(ethylene vinyl alcohols) contain in the range of 50 to 75 mole percent ethylene and in the range 25 to 50 mole percent vinyl alcohol, based on the total molar amount of the poly(ethylene vinyl alcohols).
- the polymer film (P) can contain the at least one further polymer (wP) as a blend (mixture) with the at least one copolyamide (CoPA). Blends of at least one copolyamide (CoPA) and polyamide 6 and/or polyamide 6/66 are particularly preferred.
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one first layer which contains the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and the polymer film (P) contains at least one further layer which contains the at least one further polymer ( wP) contains.
- the at least one first layer, which contains the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) does not contain any further polymer (wP).
- At least one first layer means both precisely one first layer and two or more first layers.
- At least one further layer means both precisely one further layer and two or more further layers. Two or more additional layers are preferred.
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one first layer containing the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and the polymer film (P) also contains at least one further layer, the at least one further layer containing at least one further polymer (wP), which is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, poly(ethylene vinyl alcohols), poly(ethylene vinyl acetates), polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/66 and polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride.
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one first layer containing the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and the polymer film (P) also contains at least one further layer, the at least one further layer containing at least one further polymer (wP), which is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, poly(ethylene vinyl alcohols), poly(ethylene vinyl acetates), polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/
- the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P), in which the polymer film (P) contains at least one first layer containing the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and the polymer film (P) contains at least one further layer, the at least one further layer contains at least one further polymer (wP) selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, poly(ethylene vinyl alcohols), poly(ethylene vinyl acetates), polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/66 and polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride .
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one first layer containing the at least one copolyamide (CoPA)
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one further layer
- the at least one further layer contains at least one further polymer (wP) selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, poly(ethylene vinyl alcohols), poly(ethylene vinyl acetates), polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinyliden
- the polymer film (P) contains no further layer apart from the at least one first layer, then the polymer film (P) is also referred to as a monofilm. If the polymer film (P) is a monofilm, it can contain exactly one first layer and no further layer, it is also possible that it contains two or more first layers and no further layer. If the polymeric film (P) contains two or more first layers and is a monofilm, the two or more first layers all have the same composition.
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one first layer containing the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) and at least one further layer containing the at least one further polymer (wP), the polymer film (P) is also referred to as a multilayer film.
- the polymer film (P) then contains 1 to 11 first layers, which contain the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and 1 to 13 further layers, which contain the at least one further polymer (wP).
- the polymer film (P) preferably contains 1 to 5 first layers, which contain the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and 1 to 11 further layers, which contain the at least one further polymer (wP).
- the polymer film (P) particularly preferably contains 1 to 3 first layers, which contain the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and 1 to 7 further layers, which contain the at least one further polymer (wP).
- the at least one first layer consists of the at least one copolyamide (CoPA). It is also preferred that the at least one further layer consists of the at least one further polymer (wP).
- polymer film (P) therefore encompasses both monofilms and multilayer films.
- the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P), the polymer film (P) being a monofilm or a multilayer film.
- the polymer film (P) usually has a thickness in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably a thickness in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in the range from 7.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the first layer has the same thickness as the polymer film (P), ie for example in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably a thickness in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in the range from 7.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of each first layer is less than the thickness of the polymer film (P). The sum of the thicknesses of the individual first layers then generally corresponds to the thickness of the polymer film (P).
- the at least one first layer which contains the at least one copolyamide (CoPA)
- the at least one first layer which contains the at least one copolyamide (CoPA)
- the thickness of the individual layers of the polymer film (P) i.e. the thickness of the at least one first layer containing the at least one copolyamide (CoPA), and the thickness of the at least one further layer That contains the at least one other polymer (wP), usually smaller than the thickness of the polymer film (P).
- the sum of the thicknesses of the individual layers then generally corresponds to the thickness of the polymer film (P).
- the at least one first layer which contains the at least one copolyamide (CoPA)
- the at least one first layer which contains the at least one copolyamide (CoPA)
- the at least one further layer which contains the at least one further polymer (wP), then has, for example, a thickness in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 50 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in the range from 1.5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the polymer film (P) can contain at least one adhesion promoter. This embodiment is preferred when the polymer film (P) is a multilayer film.
- adhesion promoter means both precisely one adhesion promoter and a mixture of two or more adhesion promoters.
- the at least one adhesion promoter can be contained in the at least one first layer together with the at least one copolyamide (CoPA). It is also possible for the at least one adhesion promoter to be contained in the at least one further layer together with the at least one further polymer (wP). In addition, it is possible for the at least one adhesion promoter to be present as at least one additional layer in the polymer film (P). This embodiment is preferred.
- the at least one adhesion promoter is contained as at least one additional layer in the polymer film (P), this at least one additional layer is preferably between the at least one additional layer containing the at least one additional polymer (wP) and the at least one first Layer containing the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) arranged.
- the at least one layer of the adhesion promoter has, for example, a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- Suitable adhesion promoters are known as such to those skilled in the art. Copolymers of ethylene with maleic anhydride or a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate are preferred as adhesion promoters. A linear low-density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride is preferred (LLDPE) or a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, wherein >18% by weight of vinyl acetate and ⁇ 82% by weight of ethylene are used to produce the copolymer.
- LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride
- Preferred adhesion promoters are commercially available, for example under the trade name Bynel 4105 from DuPont or Escorene FL00119 from Exxon.
- the polymer film (P) can also contain additives.
- additives are known to the person skilled in the art and are selected, for example, from the group consisting of stabilizers, dyes, antistatic agents, tackifiers, antiblock, processing aids, antioxidants, light stabilizers, UV absorbers, lubricants and nucleation aids.
- Suitable colorants are organic and inorganic pigments such as sized titanium dioxide.
- suitable antiblocking agents are silicon dioxide or calcium carbonate particles.
- suitable light stabilizers are so-called HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers).
- Ethylene bis stearamide (EBS) wax for example, can be used as a processing aid or lubricant.
- nucleation aids can be any type of organic or inorganic nucleating agent, such as talc.
- the additives can be contained both in the at least one first layer and in the at least one further layer. They can be contained in only one of these layers, as it is also possible that they are contained in each of these layers.
- the polymer film (P) according to the invention when it is in the form of a monofilm, has reduced oxygen permeability and increased water vapor permeability compared to a prior art polymer film made from PA 6.
- the copolyamide (CoPA) is produced by polymerizing the components
- (B2) contains at least one diamine, where component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and where the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) are each based on the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A ) and (B).
- the polymer film (P) contains at least one copolyamide (CoPA).
- component A and “at least one lactam” are used synonymously in the context of the present invention and therefore have the same meaning.
- the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) is produced by polymerizing 60 to 95% by weight of component (A) and 5 to 40% by weight of component (B), preferably the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) is produced by Polymerization of 65 to 90% by weight of component (A) and 10 to 35% by weight of component (B), the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) produced by polymerization of 70 to 85% by weight is very particularly preferred.
- component (A) and (B) particularly preferably the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) produced by polymerization of 60 to 85% by weight of component (A) and 15 to 40 % by weight of component (B), the weight percentages of components (A) and (B) each being based on the sum of the weight percentages of components (A) and (B).
- CoPA copolyamide
- the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) is preferably 100% by weight.
- weight percentages of components (A) and (B) relate to the weight percentages of components (A) and (B) before polymerization, i.e. when components (A) and (B) are not yet mixed together have reacted. During the polymerization, the weight ratio of components (A) and (B) may change if necessary.
- the copolyamide is produced by polymerizing components (A) and (B).
- the polymerization of components (A) and (B) is known to those skilled in the art.
- the polymerization of components (A) with (B) is a condensation reaction.
- component (A) reacts with components (B1) and (B2) contained in component (B). Amide bonds form between the individual components.
- component (A) is usually at least partly open-chain, ie present as an amino acid.
- Suitable catalysts are all catalysts known to those skilled in the art which catalyze the polymerization of components (A) and (B).
- Preferred catalysts are phosphorus compounds such as sodium hypophosphite, phosphorous acid, triphenylphosphine or triphenyl phosphite.
- the copolyamide is formed, which therefore contains structural units derived from component (A) and structural units derived from component (B).
- Building units derived from component (B) include building units derived from components (B1) and (B2).
- the copolyamide (CoPA) is formed as a copolymer.
- the copolymer can be a random copolymer, it is also possible that it is a block copolymer.
- the copolyamide (CoPA) is preferably a random copolymer.
- the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P) in which the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) is a random copolymer.
- Blocks of units derived from component (B) and blocks of units derived from component (A) form in a block copolymer. These alternate.
- building blocks derived from component (A) alternate with building blocks derived from component (B). This alternation is statistical, for example two derived from component (B). Building units followed by a building unit derived from component (A), which in turn is followed by a building unit derived from component (B), which is then followed by a building unit containing three building blocks derived from component (A).
- the preparation of the at least one copolyamide preferably comprises the following steps: a) polymerization of components (A) and (B) to obtain at least one first copolyamide, b) granulation of the at least one first copolyamide obtained in step a) to obtain at least one granulated copolyamide , c) extraction of the at least one granulated copolyamide obtained in step b) with water to obtain at least one extracted copolyamide, d) drying the at least one extracted copolyamide obtained in step c) at a temperature (TT) to obtain the at least one copolyamide.
- the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P) in which the copolyamide (CoPA) is produced in a process comprising the following steps: a) Polymerization of components (A) and (B) to obtain at least one first copolyamide , b) granulating the at least one first copolyamide obtained in step a) to obtain at least one granulated copolyamide, c) extracting the at least one granulated copolyamide obtained in step b) with water to obtain at least one extracted copolyamide, d) drying the in step c ) obtained at least one extracted copolyamide at a temperature (TT) to obtain the at least one copolyamide.
- step a) can take place in all reactors known to those skilled in the art. Stirred tank reactors are preferred.
- auxiliaries known to those skilled in the art for improving the reaction process such as defoamers such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or for example an aqueous solution of sodium hypophosphite (“NHP”, eg 0.2 wt%), can be used as a catalyst.
- defoamers such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or for example an aqueous solution of sodium hypophosphite (“NHP”, eg 0.2 wt%)
- PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- NHS sodium hypophosphite
- step b) the at least one first copolyamide obtained in step a) can be granulated by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of strand granulation or underwater granulation.
- step c) can be carried out by any of the methods known to those skilled in the art.
- step c by-products typically formed during the polymerization of components (A) and (B) in step a) are extracted from the at least one granulated copolyamide.
- step d) the at least one extracted copolyamide obtained in step c) is dried. Drying methods are known to those skilled in the art. According to the invention, the at least one extracted copolyamide is dried at a temperature (TT).
- the temperature (TT) is preferably above the at least one glass transition temperature (T G (o) of the at least one copolyamide and below the melting point (TM(C>)) of the at least one copolyamide.
- the drying in step d) usually takes place for a period in the range from 1 to 100 hours, preferably in the range from 2 to 50 hours and particularly preferably in the range from 3 to 40 hours.
- the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) usually has at least one glass transition temperature (T G (O).
- the at least one glass transition temperature (T G (o) is, for example, in the range from 30 to 70° C., preferably in the range from 40 to 68° C and most preferably in the range of 45 to 65°C as determined by ISO 11357-2:2013.
- the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P) in which the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) has at least one glass transition temperature (TG ⁇ 0) which is in the range from 30 to 70.degree.
- TG ⁇ 0 glass transition temperature
- the glass transition temperature (T G (o) of the at least one copolyamide relates according to ISO 11357-2: 2013 in the context of the present invention to the glass transition temperature (T G (O) of the dry copolyamide.
- dry means that the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) contains less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight and particularly preferably less than 0.1% by weight of water , based on the total weight of the at least one copolyamide (CoPA). More preferably “dry” means that the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) does not contain water and most preferably that the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) further contains no solvent.
- the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) also usually has a melting temperature (T M (O).
- T M (O) The melting temperature (T M ⁇ o) of the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) is, for example, in the range from 100 to 210 ° C, preferably in Range from 150 to 210 °C and more preferably in the range from 180 to 210 °C, determined according to ISO 11357-3: 2011.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P) in which the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) has a melting point (TM(C>), the melting point (TM ⁇ O) preferably being in the range from 10 to 210° C.). 150 to 210°C.
- the at least one copolyamide generally has a viscosity number (VN ⁇ o) in the range from 150 to 300 ml/g, determined in a 0.5% by weight solution of the at least one copolyamide in a mixture of phenol/o-dichlorobenzene in a weight ratio of 1:1.
- VN ⁇ o viscosity number
- the determination is carried out as described in EN ISO 307: 2007 + Amd 1:2013, except that a mixture of phenol/o-dichlorobenzene in a weight ratio of 1:1 is used instead of the described solvent, sulfuric acid.
- the viscosity number (VN ⁇ o) of the at least one copolyamide is preferably in the range from 160 to 290 ml/g and particularly preferably in the range from 170 to 280 ml/g, determined in a 0.5% by weight solution of the at least one Copolyamide in a mixture of phenol/o-dichlorobenzene in a weight ratio of 1:1.
- the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P) in which the at least one copolyamide has a viscosity number (VZ ⁇ o) in the range from 150 to 300 ml/g, determined in a 0.5% by weight solution of at least a copolyamide in a 1:1 weight ratio mixture of phenol/o-dichlorobenzene.
- VZ ⁇ o viscosity number
- the at least one copolyamide (CoPA) preferably contains no polyoxyalkylene groups.
- Component (A) is at least one lactam.
- Lactams are known as such to those skilled in the art. According to the invention, preference is given to lactams having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- lactams are understood as meaning cyclic amides which preferably have 4 to 12, particularly preferably 6 to 12, carbon atoms in the ring.
- Suitable lactams are selected, for example, from the group consisting of 3-aminopropanoic acid lactam (propio-3-lactam; ß-lactam; ß-propiolactam), 4-aminobutanoic acid lactam (butyro-4-lactam; y-lactam; Y-ß ut y r °l actam ).
- the present invention is therefore also a polymer film (P) in which component (A) is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropanoic acid lactam, 4-aminobutanoic acid lactam, 5-aminopentanoic acid lactam, 6-aminohexanoic acid lactam, 7-aminoheptanoic acid lactam , 8-aminooctanoic acid lactam, 9-aminononanoic acid lactam, 10-aminodecanoic acid lactam, 11-aminoundecanoic acid lactam and 12-aminododecanoic acid lactam.
- component (A) is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropanoic acid lactam, 4-aminobutanoic acid lactam, 5-aminopentanoic acid lactam, 6-aminohexanoic acid lactam, 7-aminoheptanoic acid lactam , 8
- Component (A) is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of 6-aminohexanoic acid lactam and 12-aminododecanoic acid lactam.
- Component (A) is very particularly preferably 6-aminohexanoic acid lactam.
- the lactams can be unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted. If at least monosubstituted lactams are used, these can carry one, two or more substituents on the nitrogen atom and/or on the carbon atoms of the ring, which are independently selected from the group consisting of Ci- to C-alkyl, Cs- to Cs-cycloalkyl and Cs- to Cw-aryl.
- Methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, for example, are suitable as C 1 -C 2 -alkyl substituents.
- a suitable Cs to Cs cycloalkyl substituent is, for example, cyclohexyl.
- Preferred Cs to Cw aryl substituents are phenyl and anthranyl.
- ⁇ -lactam ⁇ -butyrolactam
- ⁇ -lactam ⁇ -valerolactam
- ⁇ -caprolactam ⁇ -caprolactam
- component (B) is a monomer mixture (M).
- the monomer mixture (M) contains the components (B1), at least one C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid and (B2) at least one diamine, one of the diamines (B2) being 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane.
- a monomer mixture (M) is understood as meaning a mixture of two or more monomers, at least components (B1) and (B2) being present in the monomer mixture (M).
- the monomer mixture (M) contains, for example, in the range from 45 to 55 mol % of component (B1) and in the range from 45 to 55 mol % of component (B2), based in each case on the sum of the mol percentages of components (B1) and (B2), preferably based on the total amount of substances of the monomer mixture (M).
- Component (B) preferably contains in the range from 47 to 53 mol % of component (B1) and in the range from 47 to 53 mol % of component (B2), based in each case on the sum of the mol percentages of components (B1) and ( B2), preferably based on the total amount of component (B).
- Component (B) particularly preferably contains in the range from 49 to 51 mol % of component (B1) and in the range from 49 to 51 mol % of component (B2), based in each case on the sum of the mol percentages of components (B1) and (B2), preferably based on the total amount of substance of component (B).
- the present invention therefore also relates to a polymer film (P) in which component (B) contains in the range from 45 to 55 mol % of component (B1) and in the range from 45 to 55 mol % of component (B2). , each based on the total amount of component (B).
- component (B1) The sum of the molar percentages of components (B1) and (B2) present in component (B) is usually 100 mol %.
- the monomer mixture (M) does not contain any polyoxyalkylene groups.
- the monomer mixture (M) can also contain water.
- component (B1) is at least one C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid.
- component (B1) and “at least one C4-C12-dicarboxylic acid” are used synonymously in the context of the present invention and therefore have the same meaning.
- At least one C4-Ci2-dicarboxylic acid (B1) means both precisely one C4-Ci2-dicarboxylic acid and a mixture of two or more C4-Ci2-dicarboxylic acids.
- C4-C12-dicarboxylic acid means aliphatic and/or aromatic compounds having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and two carboxy groups (—COOH groups).
- the aliphatic and/or aromatic compounds can be unsubstituted or additionally at least monosubstituted. If the aliphatic and/or aromatic compounds are additionally at least monosubstituted, they can carry one, two or more substituents which do not take part in the polymerization of components (A) and (B). Such substituents are known to those skilled in the art and for example alkyl or cycloalkyl substituents.
- the at least one C4-C12-dicarboxylic acid is preferably unsubstituted.
- Suitable components (B1) are selected, for example, from the group consisting of butanedioic acid (succinic acid), pentanedioic acid (glutaric acid), hexanedioic acid (adipic acid), heptanedioic acid (pimelic acid), octanedioic acid (suberic acid, suberic acid), nonanedioic acid (azelaic acid), decanedioic acid (sebacic acid), undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.
- Component (B1) is preferably selected from the group consisting of pentanedioic acid (glutaric acid), hexanedioic acid (adipic acid), decanedioic acid (sebacic acid), dodecanedioic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.
- Component (B1) is very particularly preferably hexanedioic acid (adipic acid).
- the present invention therefore also relates to a polymer film (P) in which component (B1) is selected from the group consisting of pentanedioic acid, hexanedioic acid, decanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.
- component (B1) is selected from the group consisting of pentanedioic acid, hexanedioic acid, decanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.
- Component (B1) is particularly preferably hexanedioic acid (adipic acid).
- component (B2) and “at least one second diamine” are used synonymously in the context of the present invention and therefore have the same meaning.
- At least one second diamine (B2) is understood to mean both precisely one diamine (B2) and a mixture of two or more diamines (B2). Precisely one diamine (B2) is preferred according to the invention.
- component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane.
- component (B2) contains at least 50 mol %, preferably at least 80 mol % and particularly preferably at least 95 mol % of 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane, based in each case on the total amount of component (B2).
- Component (B2) most preferably consists of 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane.
- component (B2) may contain other diamines. Suitable further diamines are known as such to the person skilled in the art and are, for example, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine.
- component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane in the range from 50 to 99.9 mol % and hexamethylenediamine in the range from 0.1 to 50 mol %, based in each case on the total amount of component (B2 ).
- the sum of the mol % of the components (B1) and (B2) present in component (B) is usually 100 mol %.
- Component (B2) particularly preferably consists of 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane. Then the component (B2) contains no further diamine.
- component (B) consists of components (B1) adipic acid and (B2) 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane.
- the polymer film (P) according to the invention is preferably produced in a process which comprises the following steps: i) providing at least one copolyamide, produced by polymerization of the components
- (B2) contains at least one diamine, where component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and where the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) are each based on the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A ) and (B) in molten form in a first extruder, ii) extrusion of the at least one copolyamide in molten form provided in step i) from the first extruder through a die to obtain a film of at least one copolyamide in molten form, iii) cooling the film of the at least one copolyamide obtained in step ii) in molten form, the at least one copolyamide solidifying to obtain the polymer film (P).
- the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a process for producing the polymer film (P) according to the invention, comprising the steps i) providing at least one copolyamide, produced by polymerization of the components
- step i) contains at least one diamine, where component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and where the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) are each based on the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A ) and (B) in molten form in a first extruder, ii) extrusion of the at least one copolyamide in molten form provided in step i) from the first extruder through a die to obtain a film of at least one copolyamide in molten form, iii) cooling the film of the at least one copolyamide obtained in step ii) in molten form, the at least one copolyamide solidifying to obtain the polymer film (P).
- step i) the at least one copolyamide is provided in molten form in a first extruder.
- a first extruder means both precisely one first extruder and two or more first extruders. Typically, as many first extruders are used as there are first layers containing the at least one copolyamide that are to be contained in the polymer film (P).
- the polymer film (P) is to contain, for example, exactly one first layer which contains the at least one copolyamide, then exactly one first extruder is used. If the polymer film (P) is to contain exactly two first layers which contain the at least one copolyamide, then exactly two first extruders are used. If the polymer film (P) is to contain exactly five first layers which contain the at least one copolyamide, then exactly five first extruders are used.
- first extruders are used, preferably 1 to 5 first extruders and particularly preferably 1 to 3 first extruders.
- step i For the at least one copolyamide that is provided in step i), the statements and preferences described above for the at least one copolyamide contained in the polymer film (P) apply accordingly.
- the at least one copolyamide is provided in molten form.
- in molten form means that the at least one copolyamide is provided at a temperature which is above the melting point (TM ⁇ 0) of the at least one copolyamide.
- “In molten form” therefore means that the at least one copolyamide has a temperature which is above the melting temperature (T M (O) of the at least one copolyamide. If the at least one copolyamide is in molten form, the at least one copolyamide is flowable .
- Flowable means that the at least one copolyamide can be conveyed in the first extruder and that the at least one copolyamide can be extruded from the first extruder.
- the at least one copolyamide in step i) is provided at a temperature in the range from 190 to 300 °C, preferably in the range from 200 to 280 °C and particularly preferably in the range from 210 to 270 °C, provided in each case that that the temperature at which the at least one copolyamide is provided is above the melting temperature (TM ⁇ O) of the at least one copolyamide.
- the at least one copolyamide can be provided in molten form in the first extruder by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the at least one copolyamide can be fed to the first extruder in molten or solid form. If the at least one copolyamide is fed to the first extruder in solid form, it can be fed to the first extruder, for example, as granules and/or as a powder. The at least one copolyamide is then melted in the first extruder and thus provided in molten form in the first extruder. This embodiment is preferred.
- components (A) and (B) can be polymerized directly in the first extruder, so that at least one copolyamide is provided in molten form in the first extruder. Methods for this are known to the person skilled in the art.
- step ii) the at least one copolyamide in molten form is extruded from the first extruder through a die to obtain a film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form.
- a nozzle means both precisely one nozzle and two or more nozzles. According to the invention, exactly one nozzle is preferred.
- nozzles known to those skilled in the art which make it possible to extrude a film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form are suitable as the nozzle.
- Such nozzles are, for example, annular nozzles or slotted nozzles.
- Suitable annular nozzles and slotted nozzles are known as such to those skilled in the art.
- step ii) the at least one copolyamide in molten form from the first extruder with the at least one other polymer (wP) in molten form from the other extruder in the Nozzle, for example in the annular nozzle or in the slot nozzle, is brought together.
- step ii) the at least one copolyamide in molten form from the first extruder is combined with the at least one other polymer (wP) in molten form from the other extruder in the die in such a way that the film obtained in step ii) of the at least one Copolyamide and the at least one further polymer (wP), each in molten form, contains at least one first layer containing the at least one copolyamide in molten form, and at least one further layer containing the at least one further polymer (wP) in molten form shape contains.
- the thickness of the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form is in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in the range from 7.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form can be, for example, a flat film or a tubular film.
- a tubular film is usually obtained when an annular die is used as the die, and a flat film is obtained when a slot die is used as the die.
- step iii) the film of the at least one copolyamide obtained in step ii) is cooled in molten form. As a result, the at least one copolyamide solidifies while obtaining the polymer film (P).
- the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form can be cooled by air or water cooling or by contact with a cold surface.
- the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form is cooled in step iii), for example to a temperature below the melting point (T M ⁇ o) of the at least one copolyamide, to give the polymer film (P).
- the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form is preferably cooled in step iii) to a temperature which is below the at least one glass transition temperature (TG ⁇ 0) of the at least one copolyamide.
- the film of at least one copolyamide in molten form in step iii) at a temperature in the range from 0 to 100 ° C, preferably in the range from 10 to 80°C and particularly preferably in the range from 15 to 70°C, the temperature to which the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form is cooled being below the melting temperature (TM(C)), preferably below the at least one glass transition temperature (TG ⁇ O) of the at least one copolyamide.
- T(C) melting temperature
- TG ⁇ O glass transition temperature
- the present invention is therefore also a method for producing a polymer film (P), in which, in step iii), the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form is heated to a temperature below the melting point (TM ⁇ O) of the at least one copolyamide , is cooled.
- Steps ii) and iii) can be carried out sequentially or simultaneously.
- a step i1) is preferably additionally carried out, in which at least one further polymer (wP) is provided in molten form in a further extruder.
- the process for producing the polymer film (P) then comprises the following steps i) providing at least one copolyamide, produced by polymerization of the components
- (B2) contains at least one diamine, where component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and where the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) are each based on the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A ) and (B) in molten form in a first extruder, i1) providing at least one further polymer (wP) in molten form in a further extruder, ii) extrusion of the at least one copolyamide provided in step i) in molten form from the first extruder through a die and extrusion of the at least one further polymer (wP) provided in step i1) in molten form from the further extruder through the die to obtain a film of the at least one copolyamide and the at least one further polymer (wP), each in molten form , iii) cooling the film obtained in step ii) of the at least one copolyamide and the at least one further polymer (wP),
- step i1) the at least one further polymer (wP) is provided in molten form in a further extruder.
- an additional extruder means both precisely one additional extruder and two or more additional extruders. Two or more further extruders are preferred.
- WP further polymer
- 1 to 13 further extruders are used, preferably 1 to 11 further extruders and particularly preferably 1 to 7 further extruders.
- the polymer film (P) is to contain, for example, precisely one further layer which contains the at least one further polymer (wP), then precisely one further extruder is used. If the polymer film (P) is to contain exactly two further layers which contain the at least one further polymer (wP), then exactly two further extruders are used. If the polymer film (P) is to contain exactly five further layers which contain the at least one further polymer (wP), exactly five further extruders are used.
- the at least one further polymer (wP) is provided in molten form in step i1).
- "In molten form” means that the at least one further polymer (wP) is provided at a temperature above the melting point (TM(WP>) of the at least one further polymer (wP).
- “In molten form” therefore means that the at least one further polymer (wP) has a temperature which is above the melting temperature (T M (WP)) of the at least one further polymer (wP). If the at least one further polymer (wP) is in molten form, so the at least one further polymer (wP) is flowable.
- Flowable means that the at least one further polymer (wP) can be conveyed in the further extruder and that the at least one further polymer (wP) can be extruded from the further extruder.
- the at least one further polymer (wP) is provided in step i1) at a temperature in the range from 120 to 350° C., preferably in the range from 130 to 300° C. and particularly preferably in the range from 140 to 250° C., in each case with the proviso that the temperature at which the at least one further polymer (wP) is provided is above the melting temperature (TM(WP>) of the at least one further polymer (wP).
- the at least one further polymer (wP) can be provided in molten form in the further extruder by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the at least one further polymer (wP) can be fed to the further extruder in molten or solid form. If the at least one further polymer (wP) is fed to the further extruder in solid form, it can be fed to the further extruder, for example, as granules and/or as a powder. The at least one further polymer (wP) is then melted in the further extruder and thus made available in molten form in the further extruder.
- Step i1) is usually carried out simultaneously with step i).
- step i1) if step i1) is carried out, the explanations and preferences described above for steps i), ii) and iii) apply if step i1) is not carried out.
- the film obtained in step ii) of the at least one copolyamide and the at least one other polymer (wP), each in molten form, contains the at least one copolyamide in at least one first layer and the at least one other polymer (wP) in at least one another layer.
- the film obtained in step ii) usually contains as many first layers, which contain the at least one copolyamide in molten form, as the first extruder was used in step i) and as many further layers, which contain the at least one further polymer (wP) in contained in molten form, such as other extruders have been used in step i1).
- step i1) when step i1) is carried out, the polymer film (P) obtained in step iii) is a multilayer film.
- the polymer film (P) is preferably stretched.
- the polymer film (P) can be stretched after step iii), it is also possible to stretch the polymer film (P) during step iii), i.e. during the cooling of the film of the at least one copolyamide and optionally the at least one further polymer (wP) , to stretch.
- the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a process in which the following step is additionally carried out: iv) stretching of the polymer film (P) to obtain a stretched polymer film (vP).
- Steps iii) and iv) can be carried out sequentially or simultaneously.
- the polymer chains of the at least one copolyamide align and the crystallinity of the at least one copolyamide can increase.
- the polymer chains of the at least one further polymer (wP) optionally present in the polymer film (P) can also align during stretching.
- the crystallinity of the at least one further polymer (wP) can also increase.
- the stretching can be carried out by any of the methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the polymer film (P) can be stretched by being guided over at least one roller, preferably a roller system, or by stretching it in width.
- the polymer film (P) is obtained as a tube, it is also possible that the polymer film (P) is stretched by blowing air into the tube of the polymer film (P) and thereby stretching the polymer film (P).
- combinations of the methods are also possible.
- the polymer film (P) is guided over at least one roller, preferably over a roller system, then the polymer film (P) is stretched in the direction of extrusion, ie in its length. If, on the other hand, the polymer film (P) is stretched in its width, then it is stretched perpendicularly to the direction of extrusion.
- the polymer film (P) is guided over at least one roller, preferably over a roller system, for stretching, the polymer chains of the at least one copolyamide and, if appropriate, of the at least one other polymer (wP) are aligned parallel to the direction in which it is stretched .
- the resulting stretched polymer film (vP) is uniaxially oriented when the film is only stretched lengthwise.
- the stretched polymer film (vP) obtained is uniaxially oriented if the polymer film (P) is stretched only in its width for stretching.
- the polymer chains of the at least one copolyamide and, if appropriate, of the at least one further polymer (wP) are aligned parallel to the direction in which the stretching is taking place.
- Uniaxially oriented means that the polymer chains are essentially aligned in one direction.
- the polymer film (P) is guided over a roller system for stretching and is also stretched in width, the polymer chains of the at least one copolyamide and, if appropriate, the at least one other polymer (wP) align parallel to both directions in which it is stretched.
- the stretched polymer film (vP) obtained is then biaxially oriented.
- “Biaxially oriented” means that the polymer chains are essentially oriented in two different directions, preferably perpendicular to one another.
- the polymer film (P) is obtained as a tube and the polymer film (P) is stretched by blowing air into the tube of the polymer film (P), the resulting stretched polymer film (vP) is uniaxially oriented.
- the polymer film (P) is obtained, for example, as a tube and the polymer film (P) is stretched by blowing air into the tube of the polymer film (P) and at the same time guiding it over a roller system and is also stretched, the resulting stretched polymer film (vP) is biaxially oriented.
- the polymer film (P) is usually stretched at a temperature which is above the at least one glass transition temperature (TG ⁇ O) of the at least one copolyamide and which is below the melting point (TM(C>) of the at least one copolyamide. If the polymer film (P ) a multilayer film, it is also preferred that the polymer film (P) is stretched at a temperature below the melting temperature (TM (WP>) of the at least one other polymer (wP), particularly preferably at a temperature below the melting temperature of the at least one further polymer (wP) melting at the lowest temperature.
- TM (WP>) of the at least one other polymer (wP) particularly preferably at a temperature below the melting temperature of the at least one further polymer (wP) melting at the lowest temperature.
- the polymer film (P) according to the invention can be produced, for example, in a casting process, in a blow molding process, in a biaxially oriented polyamide film process (BOPA process) or in a multiblowing process.
- BOPA process biaxially oriented polyamide film process
- the present invention therefore also relates to a polymer film (P) which is produced in a casting process, in a blowing process, in a biaxially oriented polyamide film process or in a multiblowing process.
- the casting process, the blowing process, the biaxially oriented polyamide film process and the multiblowing process are known as such to those skilled in the art.
- the polymer film (P) is usually stretched in these methods, so that a stretched polymer film (P) is obtained.
- a casting process for producing the polymer film (P) preferably comprises the following steps i-c) to iv-c): i-c) providing at least one copolyamide, produced by polymerization of the components
- (B2) contains at least one diamine, where component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and where the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) are each based on the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) in molten form a first extruder, ii-c) extruding the at least one copolyamide provided in step ic) in molten form from the first extruder through a die to obtain a film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form, iii-c) cooling the in step ii- c) the resulting film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form, the at least one copolyamide solidifying to give the polymer film (P), iv-c) stretching the polymer film (P) obtained in step iii-c) by the polymer film (P) is guided over at least one roller, preferably over a roller system, to obtain a stretched polymer film (
- the nozzle used in the casting process in step ii-c) is usually a slit nozzle.
- the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form obtained in step ii-c) is therefore preferably a flat film, so that the polymer film (P) obtained in step iii-c) and the stretched polymer film (vP) obtained in step iv-c) are preferably is a flat sheet.
- steps iii-c) and iv-c) can be performed sequentially or simultaneously.
- Steps iii-c) and iv-c) are preferably carried out simultaneously in the casting process, and steps iii-c) and iv-c) are particularly preferably carried out simultaneously and directly after step ii-c).
- the at least one roller used in step iv-c), preferably the roller system, is cooled during step iv-c).
- a blow molding process for producing the polymer film (P) preferably comprises the following steps i-b) to iv-b): i-b) providing at least one copolyamide, produced by polymerization of the components
- (B2) contains at least one diamine, where component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and where the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) are each based on the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A ) and (B) in molten form in a first extruder, ii-b) extrusion of the at least one copolyamide provided in step ib) in molten form from the first extruder through a die, which is an annular die, to obtain a tubular film of the at least one copolyamides in molten form, iii-b) cooling the tubular film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form obtained in step ii-b), the at least one copolyamide solidifying to obtain the polymer film (P), iv-b) stretching the polymer film obtained in step iii-b). (P) by blowing air into the tube of the polymer film (P) to obtain a stretched poly
- a stack dye, a helical distributor dye or a mixture thereof is preferably used as the nozzle in step ii-b) of the blow molding process.
- These nozzles are known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in “Blown Film Extrusion” by Kirk Cantor, 2nd Edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff 2011.
- Steps iii-b) and iv-b) can be carried out simultaneously or sequentially in the blow molding process. Steps iii-b) and iv-b) are preferably carried out simultaneously in the blow molding process.
- step iii-b) and iv-b) are carried out simultaneously in the blowing process, then in step iii-b) the tubular film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form obtained in step ii-b) is cooled and at the same time being stretched by blowing air into the tubular film to obtain the stretched polymer film (vP).
- a biaxially oriented polyamide film method for producing the polymer film (P) preferably comprises the following steps i-o) to iv-o): i-o) providing at least one copolyamide, produced by polymerizing the components
- (B2) contains at least one diamine, where component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and where the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) are each based on the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A ) and (B) in molten form in a first extruder, ii-o) extrusion of the at least one copolyamide provided in step io) in molten form from the first extruder through a die to obtain a film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form, iii -o) cooling the film obtained in step ii-o) of the at least one copolyamide in molten form, the at least one copolyamide solidifying to obtain the polymer film (P), iv-o) stretching the polymer film obtained in step iii-o) ( P) by guiding the polymer film (P) over at least one roller, preferably a roller system, and stretching it in width to obtain the stretched
- the die used in the biaxially oriented polyamide film process in step ii-o) is usually a slot die.
- the film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form obtained in step ii-o) is therefore preferably a flat film, so that the polymer film (P) obtained in step iii-o) and the stretched polymer film (vP) obtained in step iv-o) are preferably one flat foil is.
- steps iii-o) and iv-o) can be carried out successively or simultaneously; steps iii-o) and iv-o) are preferably carried out one after the other. Steps iii-o) and iv-o) are particularly preferably carried out in succession in the biaxially oriented polyamide film process and the polymer film (P) obtained in step iii-o) is heated before step iv-o).
- the polymer film (P) before step iv-o) is heated to a temperature above the at least one glass transition temperature (TG ⁇ O) of the at least one copolyamide contained in the polymer film (P) and below the melting temperature (TM ⁇ O) of the at least one copolyamide contained in the polymer film (P).
- the polymer film (P) is then preferably stretched in step iv-o) at the temperature to which it is heated before step iv-o).
- a multiblowing process for producing the polymer film (P) preferably comprises the following steps i-m) to iv-m): i-m) providing at least one copolyamide, produced by polymerization of the components
- (B2) contains at least one diamine, where component (B2) contains 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane and where the percentages by weight of components (A) and (B) are each based on the sum of the percentages by weight of components (A ) and (B) in molten form in a first extruder, ii-m) extrusion of the at least one copolyamide provided in step i-m) in molten form from the first extruder through a die, which is an annular die, to obtain a tubular film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form, iii-m) cooling of the tubular film obtained in step ii-m) of the at least one copolyamide in molten form, the at least one copolyamide solidifying to obtain the polymer film (P), iv-m) stretching of the in step iii -m) polymer film (P) obtained by blowing air into the tube of the polymer film (P) and by
- the tubular film of the at least one copolyamide in molten form is preferably cooled in a water bath in step iii-m).
- steps iii-m) and iv-m) can be carried out simultaneously or in succession; steps iii-m) and iv-m) are preferably carried out in succession. Steps iii-m) and iv-m) are particularly preferably carried out in succession and the polymer film (P) obtained in step iii-m) is heated before step iv-m).
- the polymer film (P) before step iv-m) is heated to a temperature above the at least one glass transition temperature (T G (o) of the polymer film (P) contained at least one copolyamide and below the melting temperature (TM(C>) of the at least one copolyamide contained in the polymer film (P).
- step i1) in which at least one other polymer (wP) is melted in another extruder form is provided, can be carried out and that then according to step ii) of the method for producing the polymer film (P) in step ii-c), in step ii-b), in step ii-o) and in step ii-m) a film of the at least one copolyamide and the at least one further polymer (wP), each in molten form, is obtained and this according to step iii) of the method for producing the polymer film (P) in step iii-c), in step iii-b ), in step iii-o) and in step iii-m).
- step i1) of the process for producing the polymer film (P) of the process for producing the polymer film (P) described above apply correspondingly to step i1) which may be carried out.
- Step i1) is preferably not carried out in the biaxially oriented polyamide film process.
- no further polymer (wP) is preferably provided in a further extruder.
- the stretched polymer film (P) present can, for example, be wound up after it has been produced. Methods for this are known to the person skilled in the art. If the stretched polymer film (vP) is contained as a tube, for example in the case of the blowing process and the multi-blowing process, the tube can also be slit before it is wound up. A slit film can then be wound onto one or more rolls.
- the polymer film (P) according to the invention can be used in all areas known to those skilled in the art in which polymer films are used.
- the polymer film (P) of the present invention is used as a packaging film.
- the present invention therefore also relates to the use of the polymer film (P) according to the invention as a packaging film.
- the molecular weight was determined by means of gel permeation chromatography against a poly(methyl methacrylate) standard from Polymer Standard Services GmbH®, based in Mainz.
- the solvent was hexafluoro-2-propanol and the concentration of the polymer was 1.5 mg/ml when loaded onto a styrene-divinylbenzene column.
- the theoretical column number was 20,000.
- the glass transition temperatures and melting temperatures were determined according to ISO 11357-1:2009, ISO 11357-2:2013 and ISO 11357-3:2011. For this purpose, two heating runs were carried out and the glass transition and melting temperatures were determined using the second heating run.
- the copolyamide was hydrolyzed in dilute hydrochloric acid (20%).
- the units derived from 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane were protonated, the chloride ions from the hydrochloric acid forming the counterion.
- This chloride ion was then exchanged for a hydroxide ion by means of an ion exchanger, with liberation of 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane.
- the concentration of 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane was then determined by titration with 0.1 molar hydrochloric acid, from which the proportion of adipic acid and 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane in the copolyamide was calculated.
- the density was determined according to DIN EN ISO 1183-3 at a temperature of 25°C.
- the statistical distribution of the individual monomers in the copolyamides was determined using 13 C NMR.
- a sample was dissolved in deuterated hexafluoro-2-propanol and the following carbonyl carbon signals were assigned via 2D NMR: a.) a shift of 183.6 for a caprolactam carbonyl carbon atom next to a 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane b.) 182.9 for an adipic carbonyl carbon atom next to a 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane c.) 181.7 for a caprolactam carbonyl carbon atom next to a caprolactam and d.) 181.0 for an adipic carbonyl carbon atom next to one caprolactam.
- the AV 399 device from Bruker® was used to measure the 13 C NMR signals.
- the water vapor permeability and water vapor transmission were determined in accordance with ASTM F 1249 using a Permatran-W® model 3/33 device from MOCON® at 23° C. and 85% relative atmospheric humidity in duplicate measurements.
- the Elmendorf tear propagation strength was determined according to DIN ISO 6383-2: 2004 in the direction of extrusion (MD) and at right angles thereto (TD). Before the measurement, the films were conditioned according to the standard climate for non-tropical countries, described in DIN EN ISO 291:2008. An 8N pendulum weight was used in a Lorentzen & Wettre® Tearing Tester.
- the puncture resistance was determined according to DIN EN 14477 using a metal tip with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a speed of 100 mm/min. Before the measurement, the films were conditioned according to the standard climate for non-tropical countries, as described in DIN EN ISO 291:2008.
- the oxygen transmission and oxygen permeability were determined according to ASTM F 1927 on an OX-TRAN® device at 23°C and 0% relative humidity in duplicate measurements.
- the water permeability was measured using hoses 12 cm long and 6 cm wide (see FIG. 1, which shows the experimental setup for determining the water permeability). These were produced on a Weber blown film line with a nozzle diameter of 50mm and an extruder length of 25cm. First the thickness of a single tube side was determined, then one open side of the tube was heat sealed at 155°C, the tube was filled with 100 cm 2 of distilled water and finally the other side of the tube was also heat sealed at 155°C.
- the vessel was then charged with 15 bar N2, a valve was opened and the strand of melt which formed was granulated in a water bath.
- the resulting granules were extracted with boiling water under reflux for 16 h and then dried at 70°C under vacuum. An Mw of 59,600 and an Mn of 24,000 were measured.
- the granules were then condensed at 170°C in a stream of nitrogen for a further 10 hours.
- the copolyamide obtained had a viscosity number of 238 ml/g, a glass transition temperature of 47°C and a melting point of 198°C.
- caprolactam component (A)
- component (B2) 316 g of 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentane
- component (B1) adipic acid
- 190 g of water was mixed in a 7.8 l steel reactor and purged 10 times with nitrogen.
- the vessel was then closed and heated to an external temperature of 260° C. within 45 minutes. At this point, the internal pressure was 7 bar and the internal temperature was 207.degree.
- the steel reactor was stirred under pressure for 40 minutes, then vented and stirred for a further 2 hours and 30 minutes. The internal temperature rose to 235°C during this time.
- the vessel was then charged with 15 bar N2, a valve was opened and the strand of melt which formed was granulated in a water bath.
- the resulting granules were refluxed with boiling water for 16h extracted and then dried at 70°C under vacuum. An Mw of 61,900 and an Mn of 25,600 were measured.
- the granules were then condensed at 170°C in a stream of nitrogen for a further 10 hours.
- the copolyamide obtained had a viscosity number of 235 ml/g, a glass transition temperature of 45°C and a melting point of 192°C.
- the vessel was then charged with 15 bar N2, a valve was opened and the strand of melt which formed was granulated in a water bath.
- the resulting granules were extracted with boiling water under reflux for 16 h and then dried at 70° C. under vacuum. An Mw of 58,400 and an Mn of 25,400 were measured.
- the granules were then further condensed at 170°C for 13 hours in a stream of nitrogen.
- the copolyamide obtained had a viscosity number of 237 ml/g, a glass transition temperature of 44°C and a melting point of 186°C.
- the vessel was then charged with 15 bar N2, a valve was opened and the strand of melt which formed was granulated in a water bath.
- the resulting granules were extracted with boiling water under reflux for 16 h and then dried at 70° C. under vacuum. An Mw of 60,600 and an Mn of 23,300 were measured.
- the granules were then further condensed at 170°C for 13 hours in a stream of nitrogen.
- the copolyamide obtained had a viscosity number of 231 ml/g, a glass transition temperature of 42°C and a melting point of 179°C.
- the monofilms made from the materials A-1, C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-4 were extruded on a Weber cast extrusion system with an extruder screw with a diameter of 30 mm and a throughput of 5 kg/h.
- the chill roll was cooled to 20°C.
- the foils had a width of 150 mm.
- copolyamides according to the invention have significantly increased water vapor permeability and tear propagation resistance in films compared to a polyamide 6.
- the puncture resistance is slightly higher than polyamide 6 and the oxygen transmission is even slightly lower for the materials C-2, C-3 and C-4.
- copolyamides are therefore very well suited for packaging in which water should migrate out of the packaging.
- FIG. 2 shows the water permeability from a sealed bag of material A-1 with a film diameter of 26.73 ⁇ m and material C-3 with a film diameter of 24.67 ⁇ m. While a bag of copolyamide C-3 according to the invention had released all of the water from its interior to the ambient air after 8 days, 82% of the water was still present in the bag made of material A-1. Both bags were stored side by side at 23°C room temperature and 50% relative humidity.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22773492.8A EP4402193A1 (de) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-06 | Copolyamid und polymerfilm enthaltend mindestens ein lactam, eine dicarbonsäure und 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentan |
KR1020247012632A KR20240056622A (ko) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-06 | 적어도 1종의 락탐, 디카르복실산 및 1,5-디아미노-3-옥사펜탄을 포함하는 코폴리아미드 및 중합체 필름 |
CN202280062630.4A CN118019778A (zh) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-06 | 共聚酰胺和聚合物膜,含有至少一种内酰胺、一种二羧酸和1,5-二氨基-3-氧杂戊烷 |
JP2024516947A JP2024536779A (ja) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-06 | 少なくとも1つのラクタム、ジカルボン酸、および1,5-ジアミノ-3-オキサペンタンを含有するコポリアミドおよびポリマーフィルム |
IL311403A IL311403A (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-06 | Copolyamide and a polymer layer containing at least one lactam, dicarboxylic acid and 5,1-diamino-3-oxapentane |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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EP21197342 | 2021-09-17 | ||
EP21197342.5 | 2021-09-17 |
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WO2023041367A1 true WO2023041367A1 (de) | 2023-03-23 |
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PCT/EP2022/074683 WO2023041367A1 (de) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-06 | Copolyamid und polymerfilm enthaltend mindestens ein lactam, eine dicarbonsäure und 1,5-diamino-3-oxapentan |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP4402193A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024536779A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20240056622A (de) |
CN (1) | CN118019778A (de) |
IL (1) | IL311403A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023041367A1 (de) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4387184A (en) | 1979-12-10 | 1983-06-07 | Rhone-Poulenc Industries | Heat stable polyphase polyamide compositions and preparation thereof |
DE2846596C2 (de) | 1977-10-28 | 1986-07-03 | Rhône-Poulenc Industries, Paris | Verfahren zur Herstellung von elastischen Copolyamiden |
EP0352562A2 (de) | 1988-07-27 | 1990-01-31 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyamidfolien |
EP0761715A1 (de) | 1995-08-17 | 1997-03-12 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Copolyetheramid und daruas hergestellter wasserdampfdurchlässiger Film |
US5888597A (en) | 1995-04-11 | 1999-03-30 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Packaging based on a polymer containing polyamide blocks and polyether blocks, for conserving fresh produce |
WO2017005812A1 (de) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | Basf Se | Herstellung eines polyamids, das 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan enthält |
WO2018050487A1 (de) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | Basf Se | Polymerfilm enthaltend ein copolyamid eines diamins, einer dimersäure und eines lactams |
WO2018050488A1 (de) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | Basf Se | Polymerfilm enthaltend ein copolyamid mindestens eines diamins, einer dicarbonsäure und einer dimersäure |
-
2022
- 2022-09-06 KR KR1020247012632A patent/KR20240056622A/ko unknown
- 2022-09-06 IL IL311403A patent/IL311403A/en unknown
- 2022-09-06 WO PCT/EP2022/074683 patent/WO2023041367A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-09-06 EP EP22773492.8A patent/EP4402193A1/de active Pending
- 2022-09-06 CN CN202280062630.4A patent/CN118019778A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-06 JP JP2024516947A patent/JP2024536779A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2846596C2 (de) | 1977-10-28 | 1986-07-03 | Rhône-Poulenc Industries, Paris | Verfahren zur Herstellung von elastischen Copolyamiden |
US4387184A (en) | 1979-12-10 | 1983-06-07 | Rhone-Poulenc Industries | Heat stable polyphase polyamide compositions and preparation thereof |
EP0352562A2 (de) | 1988-07-27 | 1990-01-31 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyamidfolien |
US5888597A (en) | 1995-04-11 | 1999-03-30 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Packaging based on a polymer containing polyamide blocks and polyether blocks, for conserving fresh produce |
EP0761715A1 (de) | 1995-08-17 | 1997-03-12 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Copolyetheramid und daruas hergestellter wasserdampfdurchlässiger Film |
WO2017005812A1 (de) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | Basf Se | Herstellung eines polyamids, das 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan enthält |
WO2018050487A1 (de) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | Basf Se | Polymerfilm enthaltend ein copolyamid eines diamins, einer dimersäure und eines lactams |
WO2018050488A1 (de) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | Basf Se | Polymerfilm enthaltend ein copolyamid mindestens eines diamins, einer dicarbonsäure und einer dimersäure |
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"Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering", vol. 7, 1987, JOHN WILEY & SONS, pages: 73 - 127 |
IWABUCHI SUSUMU ET AL: "Darstellung und eigenschaften von copolyamiden mit oxyethylengruppen in definierter sequenz", vol. 183, no. 6, 15 June 1982 (1982-06-15), pages 1427 - 1433, XP055897557, ISSN: 0025-116X, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/macp.1982.021830607> DOI: 10.1002/macp.1982.021830607 * |
IWABUCHI SUSUMU ET AL: "Preparation of regularly sequenced polyamides with definite numbers of oxyethylene units and their application as phase transfer catalysts", vol. 184, no. 3, 1 March 1983 (1983-03-01), pages 535 - 543, XP055897175, ISSN: 0025-116X, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/macp.1983.021840308> DOI: 10.1002/macp.1983.021840308 * |
KIRK CANTOR: "Blown Film Extrusion", 2011, CARL HANSER VERLAG |
Also Published As
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IL311403A (en) | 2024-05-01 |
JP2024536779A (ja) | 2024-10-08 |
CN118019778A (zh) | 2024-05-10 |
EP4402193A1 (de) | 2024-07-24 |
KR20240056622A (ko) | 2024-04-30 |
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