WO2023040169A1 - 一种中膨胀光纤传像元件及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种中膨胀光纤传像元件及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023040169A1
WO2023040169A1 PCT/CN2022/075016 CN2022075016W WO2023040169A1 WO 2023040169 A1 WO2023040169 A1 WO 2023040169A1 CN 2022075016 W CN2022075016 W CN 2022075016W WO 2023040169 A1 WO2023040169 A1 WO 2023040169A1
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medium
optical fiber
expansion
glass
image transmission
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PCT/CN2022/075016
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张磊
曹振博
贾金升
王云
赵越
张弦
汤晓峰
石钰
张敬
樊志恒
许慧超
于浩洋
宋普光
王爱新
洪常华
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中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司
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Priority to US17/766,422 priority Critical patent/US11802071B2/en
Publication of WO2023040169A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040169A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01265—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting entirely or partially from molten glass, e.g. by dipping a preform in a melt
    • C03B37/01268—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting entirely or partially from molten glass, e.g. by dipping a preform in a melt by casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
    • C03B23/207—Uniting glass rods, glass tubes, or hollow glassware
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
    • C03B37/01214—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of multifibres, fibre bundles other than multiple core preforms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/0128—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from pulverulent glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/028—Drawing fibre bundles, e.g. for making fibre bundles of multifibres, image fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/10—Non-chemical treatment
    • C03B37/14—Re-forming fibres or filaments, i.e. changing their shape
    • C03B37/15—Re-forming fibres or filaments, i.e. changing their shape with heat application, e.g. for making optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
    • C03C13/045—Silica-containing oxide glass compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
    • C03C13/045—Silica-containing oxide glass compositions
    • C03C13/046—Multicomponent glass compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
    • C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
    • C03C3/068—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing rare earths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
    • G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
    • G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
    • G02B6/08—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images with fibre bundle in form of plate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/40—Multifibres or fibre bundles, e.g. for making image fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2213/00—Glass fibres or filaments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of optoelectronics, in particular to a medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element and a preparation method thereof.
  • Optical fiber image transmission components include optical fiber panels, optical fiber image inverters, optical fiber cones, optical fiber image transmission bundles, etc.
  • Optical fiber image transmission components are photoelectric imaging devices with excellent performance, which use unique leather materials, core materials and absorbent materials Glass is produced by the drawing process of vacuum control and rod tube combination, so that the product has good air tightness, small distortion, less spots, simple structure, small volume, light weight, large numerical aperture, high light transmission efficiency, and inter-stage
  • the coupling loss is small, the coupling efficiency is high, the resolution is high, the image transmission is clear and real, the optical thickness is zero, and the edge image quality can be effectively improved.
  • Optical fiber image transmission components are key materials for image intensifiers and high-definition displays.
  • optical fiber image transmission components The most typical application of optical fiber image transmission components is as the optical input and output windows of the low-light image intensifier, which plays an important role in improving the quality of imaging devices. It needs to be sealed with Kovar (Kovar alloy) in the application, so It needs to have a similar linear expansion coefficient (50 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C) with Kovar alloy for effective sealing matching, so as to improve the stability and prolong the service life of the low-light image tube.
  • the optical fiber imaging components currently used in China use a high-expansion system, and its thermal expansion coefficient ranges from (87 ⁇ 5) ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, which is far from the sealing matching degree of Kovar alloy.
  • it is necessary to use an optical fiber image transmission element with a medium expansion system but there is no suitable product with a medium expansion system at present.
  • the invention provides a medium expansion optical fiber image transmission component and a preparation method thereof.
  • a method for preparing a medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element comprising the following steps:
  • Monofilament drawing The surface of the medium-expansion core glass rod is finely ground and polished to a diameter of 28-29mm, and then matched with a low-refractive index leather glass tube with a thickness of 4.25-4.75mm and an inner diameter of 28.5-29.5mm for monofilament Wire drawing, single wire diameter is 3.10-3.14mm;
  • (2) Primary multifilament drawing Arrange the drawn monofilaments into a primary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 6 monofilaments on each side, and then draw the light-absorbing material glass into a diameter of 0.43-0.47
  • the light-absorbing filaments of mm are evenly inserted into the gaps of the primary composite rods, and then the primary composite rods inserted with the light-absorbing filaments are drawn into primary multifilaments with a hexagonal dimension of 1.175-1.225 mm across sides, and the primary multifilaments include rods Tube combined with drawn monofilament and light-absorbing material drawn into light-absorbing filament;
  • Secondary multifilament drawing Arrange the primary multifilaments into a secondary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirement of 14 on each side, and then draw the secondary composite rod into a hexagonal opposite side Secondary multifilaments with a size of 1.085-1.135mm;
  • the secondary multifilaments are cut and shortened to a length of 113-133mm, and then arranged into a cross-section that is a regular hexagon according to the requirements of 17 secondary multifilaments on each side Arranging the board section, and then put it into the hot-melt pressing forming mold, the design compression ratio of hot-melt pressing forming is 0.78-0.84, after hot-melt pressing forming, it is made into the blank plate section of the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element;
  • the blank of the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission component is processed into a blank of the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission component through the operations of rounding, cutting, and end face grinding and polishing, and the blank is subjected to size processing, heating and twisting Forming or stretching, that is, processing into medium-expansion fiber optic panels, medium-expansion fiber optic inverters or medium-expansion fiber optic cones;
  • the medium-expansion core glass rod is prepared from medium-expansion core glass; the medium-expansion core glass includes the following components in weight percentage:
  • the medium-expansion core material glass includes the following components in weight percentage:
  • the formed glass rod is annealed in an annealing furnace, kept at 600-650°C for 1 hour, then cooled from 600-650°C to 60°C in 12 hours, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a medium expansion core material Glass.
  • the refractive index of the medium expansion glass is 1.80-1.82, the thermal expansion coefficient in the range of 30-300°C is (68 ⁇ 5) ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, the strain point temperature is greater than 600°C, and the crystallization temperature is greater than 820°C.
  • the present invention also provides a medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element, which is prepared according to the above-mentioned method.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the medium-expansion optical fiber imaging element in the range of 30-300°C is (68 ⁇ 5) ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, and the heat-resistant temperature is greater than 600°C.
  • the spectral transmittance of the medium expansion optical fiber image transmission element in the wavelength range of 430nm-900nm is greater than 65%.
  • the fiber filament diameter of the medium-expansion optical fiber imaging component is ⁇ 4.0 ⁇ m, and the resolution is >120 lp/mm.
  • the present invention also provides an application of the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element in low-light night vision technology; the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element can be applied to low-light image intensifiers and other optoelectronic technical fields.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the medium expansion optical fiber image transmission element of the present invention has the following characteristics:
  • the average linear thermal expansion coefficient of the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element in the range of 30-300°C is (68 ⁇ 5) ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, and the heat-resistant temperature is greater than 600°C;
  • the fiber diameter of the medium-expanded optical fiber image transmission component is ⁇ 4.0 ⁇ m, and the resolution is >120lp/mm;
  • the spectral transmittance of the medium-expanded optical fiber imaging element in the wavelength range of 430nm-900nm is greater than 65%.
  • SiO 2 is a glass-forming oxide, a component that plays an important role in the glass skeleton, and a component that improves chemical resistance.
  • the weight percent (wt.%) of SiO 2 is 5-9.
  • SiO 2 content is lower than 5wt.%, it is difficult to obtain glass with a medium expansion coefficient, and at the same time, the chemical resistance of the glass will be reduced; when the SiO 2 content is higher than 10wt.%, the high-temperature viscosity of the glass will increase, resulting in excessive glass melting temperature. High, at the same time the probability of glass phase separation increases.
  • Al 2 O 3 is the intermediate oxide of glass.
  • Al 3+ has two coordination states, that is, it is located in tetrahedron or octahedron.
  • AlO 4 aluminum oxide tetrahedron
  • silicon Oxygen tetrahedra form a continuous network.
  • aluminum oxide octahedron [AlO 6 ] is formed, which is the outer body of the network and is in the hole of the silicon-oxygen structure network, so it can be combined with SiO 2 within a certain content range. It is the main body formed by the glass network.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of Al 2 O 3 is 0-1. When the content of Al 2 O 3 is higher than 1wt.%, it will increase the high-temperature viscosity of the glass, resulting in too high melting temperature of the glass, and the crystallization performance of the glass will fall.
  • B 2 O 3 is a glass-forming oxide, which is also the main component of the glass skeleton, and is also a co-solvent for reducing the viscosity of glass melting.
  • Boron-oxygen triangle [BO 3 ] and boron-oxygen tetrahedron [BO 4 ] are the structural components. Boron may exist as triangle [BO 3 ] or boron-oxygen tetrahedron [BO 4 ] under different conditions. Melted at high temperature Under certain conditions, it is generally difficult to form boron-oxygen tetrahedrons, and can only exist in the form of trihedra.
  • B 3+ has a tendency to capture free oxygen to form tetrahedrons under certain conditions, making the structure compact and improving the glass.
  • Low temperature viscosity but because it has the characteristics of reducing glass viscosity at high temperature and increasing glass viscosity at low temperature, it is also the main component to reduce the refractive index of glass, so its content range is determined to be small.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of B 2 O 3 is 23-28, and the content of B 2 O 3 is lower than 23wt.%, can not play the role of solubilization, and will reduce the chemical stability of glass simultaneously; B 2 O 3 The content of greater than 28wt.%, will reduce the refractive index of the glass, and at the same time increase the phase separation tendency of the glass.
  • a high content of network former oxides of B2O3 and SiO2 leads to a decrease in the refractive index of the glass, in the case of certain combinations of rare earth metal oxides and conventional network former oxides , either medium expansion cannot be achieved, or the glass system has a greater tendency to crystallize, for these reasons the B2O3 content must be greater than the SiO2 content.
  • CaO is an oxide outside the glass structure network, and the weight percentage (wt.%) of CaO is 0-3. When the content of CaO is greater than 3wt.%, it will reduce the chemical resistance stability of the glass and increase the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass.
  • BaO is an oxide of the outer body of the glass structure network, which can effectively increase the refractive index of the glass.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of BaO is 6-12, and the content of BaO is less than 6wt.%, which will reduce the refractive index of the glass; the content of BaO If it is greater than 12wt.%, the crystallization temperature of the glass will be increased, the crystallization tendency of the glass will be increased, and the density of the glass will be significantly increased.
  • La 2 O 3 is a lanthanide rare earth oxide, which can increase the refractive index of the glass.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of La 2 O 3 is 30-34, but when the content of La 2 O 3 is greater than 34wt.%, it will cause glass cracking
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion increases; when the content of La 2 O 3 is less than 30wt.%, the refractive index of the glass will decrease.
  • Nb 2 O 5 is also a rare earth oxide, which can increase the refractive index of the glass, improve the process performance of the glass, and elongate the material properties of the glass.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of Nb 2 O 5 is 4-8, but Nb 2 O
  • the content of 5 is greater than 8wt.%, the density and thermal expansion coefficient of the glass will increase; when the content of Nb 2 O 5 is less than 4wt.%, the refractive index of the glass will decrease.
  • “Liquidity” refers to the steepness of the viscosity curve of the glass within the viscosity range of 10 2 -10 13 dPas, that is, the intensity of the change of the viscosity of the glass with temperature within the viscosity range. Glasses according to the invention have the advantage of somewhat longer toughness in the two critical temperature ranges than comparable prior art glasses, which can be handled more easily and have reduced streaking.
  • Ta 2 O 5 is also a rare earth oxide, which can increase the refractive index of the glass.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of Ta 2 O 5 is 0-1, but when the Ta 2 O 5 content is greater than 1wt.%, it will cause the density and The coefficient of thermal expansion increases, and at the same time, the manufacturing cost of the glass increases.
  • Y 2 O 3 is also a rare earth oxide, which can increase the refractive index of the glass, improve the process performance of the glass, and reduce the melting temperature and crystallization temperature of the glass at the same time.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of Y 2 O 3 is 0-1 , when the Y 2 O 3 content is greater than 1wt.%, the cost of the glass will increase.
  • ZnO is used to reduce the melting temperature of glass, improve the chemical resistance and refractive index of glass, the weight percentage (wt.%) of ZnO is 4-9%, and the content of ZnO is greater than 9wt.%, which will reduce the chemical resistance of glass Stability and increase the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass; the content of ZnO is less than 4wt.%, which will reduce the refractive index of the glass.
  • TiO 2 is used to increase the refractive index and transmittance of the glass, increase the oxide of the glass network, thereby reducing the glass density and high-temperature viscosity, and is beneficial to the clarification of the glass liquid and the elimination of streaks during the materialization process.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of TiO 2 is 4-8, and the content of TiO 2 is greater than 8wt.%, which will increase the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass; the content of TiO 2 is less than 4wt.%, which will reduce the refractive index of the glass.
  • TiO 2 can react with iron impurities to form a brown iron-titanate complex; in addition, TiO 2 and rare earth metal oxides, Ta 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 The combination is very challenging in terms of process because Nb2O5 also releases oxygen at high temperature and competes with TiO2 for free oxygen still dissolved in the glass, and if the process is not precisely controlled , the result can be a brown tinted glass.
  • ZrO 2 is used to increase the refractive index and transmittance of glass, and has the effect of adjusting optical properties and improving chemical resistance.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of ZrO 2 is 4-6, and the content of ZrO 2 is greater than 6wt.%, which will increase the melting temperature of the glass and the crystallization tendency of the glass.
  • SnO 2 is used to clarify glass melting, which can improve the chemical resistance and transmittance of glass.
  • the weight percentage (wt.%) of SnO 2 is 0-1%, and the content of SnO 2 is greater than 1wt.%, which will increase Air bubbles inside the glass.
  • without X or “without component X” means that component X is substantially absent in the glass, that is to say, if any, said component exists only as an impurity, However, it is not added to the composition as a required component.
  • the glass of the present invention belongs to boron-lanthanum-barium silicate glass, and the glass does not contain heavy metal oxides such as As 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , PbO, CdO, etc., which are seriously harmful to the environment. Other glass raw materials brought in.
  • Fig. 1 is the comparison chart of the thermal expansion coefficient test of the middle expansion optical fiber image transmission element embodiment of the present invention and the high expansion optical fiber image transmission element;
  • Fig. 2 is a comparison chart of the thermal expansion coefficient test of the medium expansion core material glass embodiment of the present invention and the glass with high expansion coefficient;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the total reflection of the optical fiber of the expanded optical fiber image transmission element provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is a light absorbing filament
  • 2 is a core material glass
  • 3 is a skin material glass.
  • the measured parameters and measuring methods and instruments of the medium-expansion core material glass used for the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element of the present invention are as follows:
  • the glass chemical composition (wt.%) of the examples is listed in Table 1 in detail.
  • the refractive index n D of the glass is measured by a refractive index tester;
  • the linear expansion coefficient of 30-300 °C is measured by a horizontal dilatometer, expressed as an average linear expansion coefficient, measured by the method specified in ISO 7991, and listed in Table 1
  • the glass chemical composition (wt.%) and glass properties of the examples are listed in detail.
  • the expansion coefficient of the high-expansion optical fiber image transmission element is 90.319 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C
  • the thermal expansion coefficients of the embodiments of the expansion optical fiber image transmission element in the present invention are 69.244 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, 67.317 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, 66.403 ⁇ 10 -7 / °C, 70.086 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, 68.192 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the high expansion glass is 91.324 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C
  • the thermal expansion coefficients of the medium expansion core material glass used in the present invention are 70.234 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C and 67.918 respectively ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, 66.830 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, 71.094 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C, 68.607 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C.
  • the CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) in the figure is the coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element
  • the outer layer of the core glass 2 is provided with a skin glass 3
  • the core glass 2 and the skin glass 3 form an optical fiber skin glass
  • a plurality of optical fibers Light absorbing filaments 1 are evenly arranged between the cortical glass tubes to form a medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission element.
  • Quartz sand high purity, 150 ⁇ m sieve 1% or less, 45 ⁇ m sieve 30% or less, Fe 2 O 3 content less than 0.01wt.%, aluminum hydroxide (analytical pure, average particle size 50 ⁇ m), boric acid Or boric anhydride (400 ⁇ m sieve is less than 10%, 63 ⁇ m sieve is less than 10%), calcium carbonate (analytical pure, average particle size 250 ⁇ m), barium carbonate (analytical pure, purity ⁇ 99.0%), di Lanthanum (5N), niobium pentoxide (5N), tantalum pentoxide (5N), yttrium trioxide (5N), zinc oxide (analytically pure), titanium dioxide (chemically pure), zirconia (analytical pure), oxide Tin (analytical pure).
  • aluminum hydroxide analytical pure, average particle size 50 ⁇ m
  • boric acid Or boric anhydride 400 ⁇ m sieve is less than 10%, 63 ⁇ m sieve is less than 10%
  • calcium carbonate
  • Monofilament drawing The surface of the environmentally friendly high refractive index medium expansion core glass rod is finely ground and polished to a diameter of 28.5mm, and then matched with a low refractive index leather glass tube with a thickness of 4.5mm and an inner diameter of 29.0mm Carry out monofilament drawing, the diameter of monofilament is 3.12mm;
  • (2) Primary multifilament drawing Arrange the drawn monofilaments into a composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 6 monofilaments on each side, and then draw the light-absorbing material glass into a rod with a diameter of 0.44mm The light-absorbing filament is evenly inserted into the gap of the primary composite rod, and then the primary composite rod is drawn into a primary multifilament with a hexagonal dimension of 1.200mm;
  • Secondary multifilament drawing arrange the drawn primary multifilaments into a secondary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 14 on each side, and then draw the secondary composite rod into a hexagonal Secondary multifilament with an opposite side dimension of 1.110mm;
  • Arranging boards and hot-melt pressing molding cut and shorten the drawn secondary multifilaments to a length of 130 mm, and then arrange them into a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 17 secondary multifilaments on each side Arrangement plate section, put the plate section into the hot-melt pressing molding mold, the design compression ratio of hot-melt pressing forming is 0.80, and the secondary multifilaments are arranged into a plate section after hot-melt pressing forming to make medium expansion Fiber optic image transmission component blank plate section;
  • the prepared medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission component blank plate is processed into a medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission component blank through operations such as rounding, cutting, and end face grinding and polishing. Expansion fiber optic inverter.
  • the actual composition of the glass refers to Example 2 of Table 1.
  • quartz sand, aluminum hydroxide, boric anhydride, calcium carbonate, barium nitrate, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, yttrium oxide, zinc oxide , titanium dioxide, zirconia and tin oxide were put into a platinum crucible and melted at 1350°C for 8 hours. During the glass melting process, the glass was stirred once to make the glass melt evenly. Cool down to 1300°C for 1 hour, then cast the molten glass into the specified test product requirements, and then anneal.
  • the annealing process is 600°C for 1 hour, then cool down to 60°C for 12 hours, and then cool with the furnace to room temperature.
  • Table 1 shows the basic properties of the samples. (1) The refractive index is 1.82; (2) The average coefficient of linear expansion at 30-300°C is 67.918 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C.
  • Monofilament drawing The surface of the environmentally friendly high refractive index medium expansion core material glass rod is finely ground and polished to a diameter of 29.0mm, and then matched with a low refractive index leather glass tube with a thickness of 4.75mm and an inner diameter of 29.5mm. Monofilament drawing, the diameter of the monofilament is 3.14mm;
  • (2) Primary multifilament drawing Arrange the drawn monofilaments into a composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 6 monofilaments on each side, and then draw the light-absorbing material glass into a rod with a diameter of 0.43mm The optical absorption filament is evenly inserted into the gap of the primary composite rod, and then the primary composite rod is drawn into a primary multifilament with a hexagonal dimension of 1.205mm.
  • Optically absorbing filaments Arrange the drawn monofilaments into a composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 6 monofilaments on each side, and then draw the light-absorbing material glass into a rod with a diameter of 0.43mm The optical absorption filament is evenly inserted into the gap of the primary composite rod, and then the primary composite rod is drawn into a primary multifilament with a hexagonal dimension of 1.205mm.
  • Optically absorbing filaments Arrange the drawn monofilaments into a composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the
  • Secondary multifilament drawing arrange the drawn primary multifilaments into a secondary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 14 on each side, and then draw the secondary composite rod into a hexagonal Secondary multifilament with an opposite side dimension of 1.105mm;
  • Arranging boards and hot-melt pressing molding cut and shorten the drawn secondary multifilaments to a length of 133 mm, and then arrange them into a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 17 secondary multifilaments on each side Arrangement plate section, put the plate section into the hot-melt pressing forming mold, the design compression ratio of hot-melt pressing forming is 0.78, and the secondary multifilaments are arranged into a plate section after hot-melt pressing forming to make medium expansion Fiber optic image transmission component blank plate section;
  • the prepared intermediate expansion optical fiber image transmission component blank plate is processed into a medium expansion optical fiber image transmission component blank through operations such as rounding, cutting, end face grinding and polishing, and the blank can be processed into a medium expansion optical fiber image transmission component after heating and stretching Medium expansion fiber optic cone.
  • Example 3 in Table 1 for the actual composition of the glass use the same raw materials and raw material requirements as in Example 1, melt at a temperature of 1450 ° C for 4 hours, and stir the glass twice during the glass melting process to make the glass melt Evenly, after the glass is melted, it is cooled to 1340°C for 2 hours to clarify, and then the molten glass is cast into the specified test product requirements, and then annealed. The annealing process is 650°C for 1 hour, and then cooled to 60°C, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • Table 1 shows the basic properties of the samples. (1) The refractive index is 1.82; (2) The average coefficient of linear expansion at 30-300°C is 66.830 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C.
  • Monofilament drawing Finely grind and polish the surface of the environmentally friendly high refractive index medium expansion core material glass rod to a diameter of 28.0mm, and then match it with a low refractive index leather glass tube with a thickness of 4.4mm and an inner diameter of 28.5mm.
  • Monofilament drawing the diameter of the monofilament is 3.11mm;
  • (2) Primary multifilament drawing Arrange the drawn monofilaments into a primary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 6 monofilaments on each side, and then draw the light-absorbing material glass into a rod with a diameter of 0.46mm The optical absorption filament is evenly inserted into the gap of the primary composite rod, and then the primary composite rod is drawn into a primary multifilament with a hexagonal dimension of 1.175mm. light-absorbing filaments;
  • Secondary multifilament drawing the drawn primary multifilaments are arranged into a secondary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirement of 14 on each side, and then the secondary composite rod is drawn again into Secondary multifilament with a hexagonal dimension of 1.115mm;
  • Arranging boards and hot-melt pressing molding cut and shorten the drawn secondary multifilaments to a length of 128 mm, and then arrange them into a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 17 secondary multifilaments on each side Arrangement plate section, put the plate section into the hot-melt pressing forming mold, the design compression ratio of hot-melt pressing forming is 0.84, and the secondary multifilaments are arranged into a plate section after hot-melt pressing forming to make medium expansion Fiber optic image transmission component blank plate section;
  • the prepared medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission component blank plate is processed into a medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission component blank through operations such as rounding, cutting, and end face grinding and polishing, and the blank is processed into a medium-expansion optical fiber panel after size processing .
  • Example 4 for the actual composition of the glass, use the same raw materials and raw material requirements as in Example 1, and adopt the same melting process system and test conditions.
  • Table 1 shows the basic properties of the samples. (1) The refractive index is 1.82; (2) The average coefficient of linear expansion at 30-300°C is 71.094 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C.
  • Monofilament drawing The surface of the environmentally friendly high-refractive index medium-expansion core glass rod is finely ground and polished to a diameter of 28.5mm, and then matched with a low-refractive index leather glass tube with a thickness of 4.5mm and an inner diameter of 29.0mm. Monofilament drawing, the diameter of the monofilament is 3.12mm;
  • (2) Primary multifilament drawing Arrange the drawn monofilaments into a primary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 6 monofilaments on each side, and then draw the light-absorbing material glass into a rod with a diameter of 0.45mm The light-absorbing filament is evenly inserted into the gap of the primary composite rod, and then the primary composite rod is drawn into a primary multifilament with a hexagonal dimension of 1.200mm.
  • Secondary multifilament drawing arrange the drawn primary multifilaments into a secondary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 14 on each side, and then draw the secondary composite rod into a hexagonal Secondary multifilament with an opposite side dimension of 1.110mm;
  • Arranging boards and hot-melt pressing molding cut and shorten the drawn secondary multifilaments to a length of 133 mm, and then arrange them into a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 17 secondary multifilaments on each side Arrangement plate section, put the plate section into the hot-melt pressing forming mold, the design compression ratio of hot-melt pressing forming is 0.82, and the secondary multifilaments are arranged into a plate section after hot-melt pressing forming to make medium expansion Fiber optic image transmission component blank plate section;
  • the prepared medium expansion plate section is processed into a medium expansion optical fiber image transmission element blank through operations such as rounding, cutting, end face grinding and polishing, and the blank can be processed into a medium expansion optical fiber after heating, torsion molding or stretching light cone.
  • Example 5 for the actual composition of the glass, use the same raw materials and raw material requirements as in Example 1, and adopt the same melting process system and test conditions.
  • Table 1 shows the basic properties of the samples. (1) The refractive index is 1.81; (2) The average linear expansion coefficient at 30-300°C is 68.607 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C.
  • Monofilament drawing Finely grind and polish the surface of the environmentally friendly high refractive index medium expansion core material glass rod to a diameter of 28.5mm, and then match it with a low refractive index leather glass tube with a thickness of 4.25mm and an inner diameter of 29.0mm.
  • Monofilament drawing the diameter of the monofilament is 3.122mm;
  • (2) Primary multifilament drawing Arrange the drawn monofilaments into a composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 6 monofilaments on each side, and then draw the light-absorbing material glass into a rod with a diameter of 0.44mm The light-absorbing filament is evenly inserted into the gap between the primary composite rods, and then the primary composite rod is drawn into a primary multifilament with a hexagonal dimension of 1.192mm;
  • Secondary multifilament drawing arrange the drawn primary multifilaments into a secondary composite rod with a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 14 on each side, and then draw the secondary composite rod into a hexagonal Secondary multifilaments with an opposite side dimension of 1.085mm;
  • Arranging boards and hot-melt pressing molding cut and shorten the drawn secondary multifilaments to a length of 132 mm, and then arrange them into a regular hexagonal cross-section according to the requirements of 17 secondary multifilaments on each side
  • the plate section is put into the hot-melt pressing molding mold, the compression ratio of the hot-melt pressing molding is designed to be 0.83, the secondary multifilaments are arranged into a plate section and the medium-expansion optical fiber image transmission component blank is made after hot-melt pressing plate section;
  • the prepared medium expansion plate section is processed into a medium expansion optical fiber image transmission element blank through operations such as rounding, cutting, end face grinding and polishing, and the blank can be processed into a medium expansion optical fiber image transmission device after heating and twisting.
  • the present invention also provides an application for optical fiber image transmission components (including fiber optic panels, optical fiber image inverters, fiber optic light cones, optical fiber image transmission bundles, etc.), and the expansion optical fiber image transmission components can be applied to low-light image intensifiers and other optoelectronic technologies.
  • optical fiber image transmission components including fiber optic panels, optical fiber image inverters, fiber optic light cones, optical fiber image transmission bundles, etc.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种中膨胀光纤传像元件及其制备方法，该制备方法包括：（1）将芯料玻璃棒和皮料玻璃管匹配进行单丝拉制，单丝直径为3.12±0.02mm；（2）将拉制的单丝排列成一次复合棒后拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.200±0.025mm的一次复丝；（3）将拉制的一次复丝排列成二次复合棒后拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.110±0.025mm的二次复丝；（4）将上述拉制的二次复丝切割截短后排列成排板板段，再放入到模具中经热熔压成型后即制成中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段；（5）将制备的中膨胀板段经过滚圆、切割、端面磨抛等操作制成毛坯，毛坯经过加热扭转成型或拉伸成型即可加工成中膨胀光纤倒像器或中膨胀光纤光锥。本发明的中膨胀光纤传像元件可应用于微光像增强器中。

Description

一种中膨胀光纤传像元件及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光电子领域，特别涉及一种中膨胀光纤传像元件及其制备方法。
背景技术
光纤传像元件包括光学纤维面板、光纤倒像器、光学纤维锥、光纤传像束等，光纤传像元件是一种性能优异的光电成像器件，其采用独特的皮料、芯料和吸收料玻璃，利用真空控制和棒管结合的拉制工艺生产得到，使产品具有气密性好、畸变小、斑点少，结构简单，体积小，重量轻，数值孔径大，传光效率高，级间耦合损失小，耦合效率高，分辨率高，传像清晰、真实，在光学上具有零厚度，能有效改善边缘像质等特点。光纤传像元件是像增强器、高清晰显示用的关键材料，广泛应用于军事、刑侦、航天、医疗等领域的各种阴极射线管、摄像管、CCD耦合、微光夜视、医疗器械显示屏以及高清晰度电视成像和其他需要传送图像的仪器和设备中，是当今世纪光电子行业的高科技尖端产品。
光纤传像元件最典型的应用是作为微光像增强器的光学输入、输出窗口，对提高成像器件的品质起着重要的作用，其在应用中需要与Kovar(可伐合金)封接，因此需要与可伐合金具有相近的线膨胀系数(50×10 -7/℃)进行有效的封接匹配，以提高微光像管的稳定性和延长使用寿命。国内目前使用的光纤传像元件采用的是高膨胀体系，其热膨胀系数范围为(87±5)×10 -7/℃，其与可伐合金的封接匹配度相差甚远。为了提高像增强器件的热稳定性，需要采用中膨胀体系的光纤传像元件，但是目前尚无适合的中膨胀体系产品。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的光纤传像元件都是高膨胀体系的问题，为了降低光纤传像元件的热膨胀系数，本发明提供了一种中膨胀光纤传像元件及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
一种中膨胀光纤传像元件的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)单丝拉制：将中膨胀芯料玻璃棒表面精磨抛光至直径28-29mm，再和厚度为4.25-4.75mm，内径28.5-29.5mm的低折射率皮料玻璃管匹配进行单丝拉制，单丝直径为3.10-3.14mm；
(2)一次复丝拉制：将拉制的单丝按每边6根单丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的一次复合棒，然后将光吸收料玻璃拉制成直径为0.43-0.47mm的光吸收丝均匀插入到一次复合棒的间隙中，然后将插有光吸收丝的一次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.175-1.225mm的一次复丝，所述一次复丝包括棒管结合拉制成的单丝和光吸收料拉制成的光吸收丝；
(3)二次复丝拉制：将所述一次复丝按每边14根的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的二次复合棒，再将所述二次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.085-1.135mm的二次复丝；
(4)排板和热熔压成型：将所述二次复丝切割截短成长度为113-133mm的长度，然后按每边17根二次复丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的排板板段，再放入到热熔压成型 模具中，设计热熔压成型的压缩比为0.78-0.84，经热熔压成型后制成中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段；
(5)精加工：将制备的中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段经过滚圆、切割、端面磨抛的操作，加工成中膨胀光纤传像元件的毛坯，所述毛坯经过尺寸加工、加热扭转成型或拉伸成型，即加工成中膨胀光纤面板、中膨胀光纤倒像器或中膨胀光纤光锥；
所述中膨胀芯料玻璃棒采用中膨芯料胀玻璃制备而成；所述中膨胀芯料玻璃包括以下重量百分含量的组分：
Figure PCTCN2022075016-appb-000001
优选地，所述中膨胀芯料玻璃包括以下重量百分含量的组分：
Figure PCTCN2022075016-appb-000002
进一步地，还包括中膨胀芯料玻璃的制备方法：
(1)将石英砂、氢氧化铝、硼酸或硼酐、碳酸钙、碳酸钡或硝酸钡、氧化镧、氧化铌、氧化钽、氧化钇、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化锆和氧化锡，按照配料要求放入铂金坩埚中；
(2)在1350-1450℃下熔融4-8小时，熔融过程中进行1-2次搅拌，再降温至1300-1340℃，澄清1-2小时；
(3)将澄清后的玻璃熔体通过漏料口流下来，在模具中浇铸形成玻璃棒；
(4)成型后的玻璃棒在退火炉中退火，在600-650℃保温1小时，再用12小时从600-650℃降温至60℃，然后再随炉冷却至室温，得到中膨胀芯料玻璃。
所述中膨胀玻璃的折射率为1.80～1.82，在30～300℃范围的热膨胀系数为(68±5)×10 -7/℃，应变点温度大于600℃，析晶温度大于820℃。
本发明还提供一种中膨胀光纤传像元件，按照上述的方法制备得到。
所述中膨胀光纤传像元件在30～300℃范围的热膨胀系数为(68±5)×10 -7/℃，耐热温度大于600℃。
所述中膨胀光纤传像元件在430nm～900nm波长范围内的光谱透过率＞65％。
所述中膨胀光纤传像元件的纤维丝径≤4.0μm，分辨力＞120lp/mm。
本发明又提供一种所述的中膨胀光纤传像元件在微光夜视技术中的应用；所述中膨胀光纤传像元件可应用于微光像增强器和其他光电子技术领域中。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是，本发明的中膨胀光纤传像元件具有以下特性：
(1)该中膨胀光纤传像元件在30～300℃范围的平均线热膨胀系数为(68±5)×10 -7/℃，耐热温度大于600℃；
(2)该中膨胀光纤传像元件的纤维丝径≤4.0μm，分辨力＞120lp/mm；
(3)该中膨胀光纤传像元件在430nm～900nm波长范围内的光谱透过率＞65％。
(4)不含有对环境严重危害的重金属氧化物如As 2O 3、Sb 2O 3、PbO、CdO等。
本发明制备的中膨胀光纤传像元件用做芯料的中膨胀芯料玻璃具有以下优点：
(1)具有与可伐合金相近的热膨胀系数，在30～300℃范围的热膨胀系数为(68±5)×10 -7/℃，且应变点温度大于600℃，可与中膨胀微光像增强器封接材料实现完美封接；
(2)具有高折射率，折射率n D为1.80～1.82，可实现光学纤维的最佳传光能力，满足光学纤维最佳的全反射条件数值孔径N.A.≥1；
(3)具有良好的抗析晶性能，析晶温度＞820℃，且具有良好的对可见光辐射透明和良好的化学稳定性，能够满足光纤倒像器的特殊制作工艺要求，实现玻璃在经过多次高温拉丝、高温熔压、高温扭转或拉锥后依旧保持玻璃本身特性不发生变化；
本发明的中膨胀芯料玻璃中，SiO 2是玻璃形成氧化物，是玻璃骨架中起重要作用的成分，同时是提高耐化学的成分。SiO 2的重量百分比(wt.％)为5-9。SiO 2含量低于5wt.％，不易获得中膨胀系数的玻璃，同时会降低玻璃的耐化学稳定性；SiO 2含量高于10wt.％时，玻璃的高温黏度会增加，造成玻璃熔制温度过高，同时玻璃分相的几率增大。
Al 2O 3为玻璃的中间体氧化物，Al 3+有两种配位状态，即位于四面体或八面体中，当玻璃中氧足够多时，形成铝氧四面体[AlO 4]，与硅氧四面体形成连续的网络，当玻璃中氧不足时，形成铝氧八面体[AlO 6]，为网络外体而处于硅氧结构网络的空穴中，所以在一定含量范围内可以和SiO 2是玻璃网络形成的主体。Al 2O 3的重量百分比(wt.％)为0-1，Al 2O 3含量高于1wt.％时，会增加玻璃的高温黏度，造成玻璃熔制温度过高，同时玻璃的析晶性能会下降。
B 2O 3为玻璃形成氧化物，也是构成玻璃骨架的主要成分，同时又是一种降低玻璃熔制黏度的助溶剂。硼氧三角体[BO 3]和硼氧四面体[BO 4]为结构组元，在不同条件下硼可能以三角体[BO 3]或硼氧四面体[BO 4]存在，在高温熔制条件时，一般难于形成硼氧四面体，而只能以三面体的方式存，但在低温时，在一定条件下B 3+有夺取游离氧形成四面体的趋势，使结构紧密而提高玻璃的低温黏度，但由于它有高温降低玻璃黏度和低温提高玻璃黏度的特性，也是降低玻璃折射率的主要成分，由此决定了它的含量范围较小。B 2O 3的重量百分比(wt.％)为23-28，B 2O 3的含量低于23wt.％，无法起到助溶的作用，同时会降低玻璃的化学稳定性；B 2O 3的含量大于28wt.％，会降低玻璃的折射率，同时使玻璃的分相倾向增加。
在本发明中，高含量的B 2O 3和SiO 2的网络形成体氧化物，会导致玻璃的折射率下降，在稀土金属氧化物和传统的网络形成体氧化物的某些组合的情况下，要么不能实现中膨胀，要么玻璃体系具有更大的结晶倾向，出于这些原因，B 2O 3含量必须大于SiO 2含量。
CaO是玻璃结构网络外体氧化物，CaO的重量百分比(wt.％)为0-3，CaO的含量大于3wt.％时，会降低玻璃的耐化学稳定性，增加玻璃的热膨胀系数。
BaO是玻璃结构网络外体氧化物，能有效提高玻璃的折射率，BaO的重量百分比(wt.％)为6-12，BaO的含量小于6wt.％，会降低玻璃的折射率；BaO的含量大于12wt.％，会增加玻璃的析晶温度，增大玻璃的析晶倾向，同时使得玻璃的密度显著提高。
La 2O 3是镧系稀土氧化物，能提高玻璃的折射率，La 2O 3的重量百分比(wt.％)为30-34，但La 2O 3含量大于34wt.％时会造成玻璃的热膨胀系数增加；La 2O 3含量小于30wt.％时会造成玻璃的折射率降低。
Nb 2O 5也是稀土氧化物，能增加玻璃的折射率，改善玻璃的工艺性能，拉长玻璃的料性，Nb 2O 5的重量百分比(wt.％)为4-8，但Nb 2O 5含量大于8wt.％时会造成玻璃的密度和热膨胀系数增加；Nb 2O 5含量小于4wt.％时会造成玻璃的折射率下降。“料性长短”是指在10 2-10 13dPas的粘度范围内玻璃的粘度曲线的陡峭程度，即在该粘度范围内玻璃的粘度随温度的变化的剧烈程度。本发明的玻璃具有在两个临界温度范围内比现有技术的同类玻璃稍微更长的料性的优点，所述本发明的玻璃可以更容易处理并降低条纹的产生。
Ta 2O 5也是稀土氧化物，能增加玻璃的折射率，Ta 2O 5的重量百分比(wt.％)为0-1，但Ta 2O 5含量大于1wt.％时会造成玻璃的密度和热膨胀系数增加，同时会使得玻璃的制造成本升高。
Y 2O 3也是稀土氧化物，能增加玻璃的折射率，改善玻璃的工艺性能，同时降低玻璃的熔制温度和析晶温度，Y 2O 3的重量百分比(wt.％)为0-1，Y 2O 3含量大于1wt.％时会造成玻璃的成本增加。
ZnO是用来降低玻璃的熔制温度，改善玻璃耐化性的和折射率的，ZnO的重量百分比(wt.％)为4～9％，ZnO的含量大于9wt.％，会降低玻璃耐化学稳定性和增加玻璃的热膨胀系数；ZnO的含量小于4wt.％，会降低玻璃的折射率。
TiO 2是用来提高玻璃的折射率和透过率的，增加玻璃网络的氧化物，从而降低玻璃密度和高温粘度，有利于化料过程中玻璃液的澄清和条纹的消除。TiO 2的重量百分比(wt.％)为4-8，TiO 2的含量大于8wt.％，会增加玻璃的热膨胀系数；TiO 2的含量小于4wt.％，会降低玻璃的折射率。在本发明的高折射率玻璃中，TiO 2可以与铁杂质反应以形成褐色的铁-钛酸盐络合物；另外，TiO 2与稀土金属氧化物、Ta 2O 5、Nb 2O 5的组合在工艺方面非常具有挑战性，因为Nb 2O 5在高温下也释放氧并且与TiO 2竞争仍然溶解在玻璃中的游离氧，如果没有精确的控制工艺，结果可能会形成棕色着色的玻璃。
ZrO 2是用来提高玻璃的折射率和透过率的，具有调整光学性能、提高耐化性的效果。ZrO 2的重量百分比(wt.％)为4-6，ZrO 2的含量大于6wt.％，会增加玻璃的熔制温度和玻璃的析晶倾向。
SnO 2是用来澄清玻璃熔制的，可以改善玻璃的耐化性和透过率，SnO 2的重量百分比(wt.％)为0～1％，SnO 2的含量大于1wt.％，会增加玻璃内部的气泡。
本发明中，在下述表达“无X”或“不含组份X”是指在玻璃中基本上不存在组份X，也就是说，如果有的话，所述组份仅作为杂质存在，但是其并不作为所需的组份添加至组合物内。本发明的玻璃属于硼镧钡硅酸盐玻璃，玻璃中不含有对环境严重危害的重金属氧化物如As 2O 3、Sb 2O 3、PbO、CdO等，即使含有及其微少的量也是由于其它玻璃原料所带入。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
图1为本发明的中膨胀光纤传像元件实施例与高膨胀光纤传像元件的热膨胀系数测试对比图；
图2为是本发明的中膨胀芯料玻璃实施例与高膨胀系数的玻璃的热膨胀系数测试对比图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的中膨胀光纤传像元件的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的组成中膨胀光纤传像元件的光学纤维全反射示意图。
其中，1为光吸收丝，2为芯料玻璃，3为皮料玻璃。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细的说明，但不作为对本发明的限定。
对本发明用于中膨胀光纤传像元件的中膨胀芯料玻璃所测定的参数及测定方法和仪器如下：
(1)折射率n D[λ＝589.3nm时玻璃的折射率]；
(2)30-300℃的平均热膨胀系数α 30/300[10 -7/℃]。
在本文中，所有的“重量百分比wt.％”是基于最终的玻璃组合物的总重量，在表1中详细列出了实施例的玻璃化学组成(wt.％)。其中，玻璃的折射率n D采用折射率测试仪来测定；30-300℃的线膨胀系数采用卧式膨胀仪测量，以平均线膨胀系数表示，采用ISO 7991规定的方法测量，在表1中详细列出了实施例的玻璃化学组成(wt.％)和玻璃性能。
参见图1，在30～300℃范围内，高膨胀光纤传像元件的膨胀系数为90.319×10 -7/℃，本发明中膨胀光纤传像元件实施例的热膨胀系数分别为69.244×10 -7/℃、67.317×10 -7/℃、66.403×10 -7/℃、70.086×10 -7/℃、68.192×10 -7/℃。
参见图2，在30～300℃范围内，高膨胀玻璃的热膨胀系数为91.324×10 -7/℃，本发明采用的中膨胀芯料玻璃的热膨胀系数分别为70.234×10 -7/℃、67.918×10 -7/℃、66.830×10 -7/℃、71.094×10 -7/℃、68.607×10 -7/℃。
图中的CTE(Coefficient of Thermal Expansion)为热膨胀系数。
参见图3和图4，图3为中膨胀光纤传像元件的结构示意图，芯料玻璃2外层设有皮料玻璃3，芯料玻璃2和皮料玻璃3组成光纤皮层玻璃，多个光纤皮层玻璃管之间均匀设有光吸收丝1，从而组成中膨胀光纤传像元件。
表1实施例的化学组成(wt.％)和玻璃性能
Figure PCTCN2022075016-appb-000003
以下实施例中所用原料及原料要求如下：
石英砂(高纯，150μm筛上物为1％以下、45μm筛下物为30％以下、Fe 2O 3含量小于0.01wt.％)、氢氧化铝(分析纯，平均粒径50μm)、硼酸或硼酐(400μm筛上物为10％以下、63μm筛下物为10％以下)、碳酸钙(分析纯，平均粒径250μm)、碳酸钡(分析纯，纯度≥99.0％)、三氧化二镧(5N)、五氧化二铌(5N)、五氧化二钽(5N)、三氧化二钇(5N)、氧化锌(分析纯)、二氧化钛(化学纯)、氧化锆(分析纯)、氧化锡(分析纯)。
实施例1
制备中膨胀芯料玻璃：
按表1实施例1玻璃成份选择原料，并且要求对玻璃原料中的变价元素的氧化物如Fe 2O 3等进行严格控制，成品玻璃Fe 2O 3含量小于100PPm，并使其配料满足表1的玻璃化学组成，然后将石英砂、氢氧化铝、硼酸、碳酸钙、碳酸钡、氧化镧、氧化铌、氧化钽、氧化钇、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化锆和氧化锡放入铂金坩埚中，在1400℃温度下熔融6小时，在玻璃熔制过程中，对玻璃进行2次的搅拌，使玻璃熔制均匀，待玻璃熔融后，再降温至1320℃温度澄清2小时，然后再将熔融玻璃液浇铸成规定的测试制品要求，然后进行退火，退火工艺为625℃保温1小时，再用12小时降温至60℃，然后再随炉冷却至室温。其测试性能如表1所示，(1)折射率为1.80；(2)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数70.234×10 -7/℃。
制备中膨胀光纤传像原件：
(1)单丝拉制：将环保型高折射率中膨胀的芯料玻璃棒表面精磨抛光至直径28.5mm，再和厚度为4.5mm，内径29.0mm的低折射率的皮料玻璃管匹配进行单丝拉制，单丝直径为3.12mm；
(2)一次复丝拉制：将拉制的单丝按每边6根单丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的一次复合棒，然后将光吸收料玻璃拉制成直径为0.44mm的光吸收丝均匀插入到一次复合棒间隙中，然后将一次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.200mm的一次复丝；
(3)二次复丝拉制：将拉制的一次复丝按每边14根的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的二次复合棒，再将所述的二次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.110mm的二次复丝；
(4)排板和热熔压成型：将上述拉制的二次复丝切割截短成长度为130mm的长度，然后按每边17根二次复丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的排板板段，将排板板段放入到热熔压成型模具中，设计热熔压成型的压缩比为0.80，二次复丝排列成板段经热熔压成型后即制成中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段；
(5)精加工：将制备的中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段经过滚圆、切割、端面磨抛等操作，即加工成中膨胀光纤传像元件毛坯，毛坯经过加热扭转成型即加工成中膨胀光纤倒像器。
其测试性能如下，(1)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数69.244×10 -7/℃；(2)耐热温度610.9℃；(3)纤维丝径3.98μm，分辨力＞120lp/mm。
实施例2
制备中膨胀芯料玻璃：
玻璃实际组成参照表1实施例2，使用与实施例1相同原料要求，将石英砂、氢氧化铝、硼酐、碳酸钙、硝酸钡、氧化镧、氧化铌、氧化钽、氧化钇、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化锆和氧化锡放入铂金坩埚中，在1350℃温度下熔融8小时，在玻璃熔制过程中，对玻璃进行1次的搅拌，使玻璃熔制均匀，待玻璃熔融后，再降温至1300℃温度澄清1小时，然后再将熔融玻璃液浇铸成规定的测试制品要求，然后进行退火，退火工艺为600℃保温1小时，再用12小时降温至60℃，然后再随炉冷却至室温。采用与实施例1相同的测试条件，在表1显示了试样的基本性能。(1)折射率为1.82；(2)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数67.918×10 -7/℃。
制备中膨胀光纤传像原件：
(1)单丝拉制：将环保型高折射率中膨胀芯料玻璃棒表面精磨抛光至直径29.0mm，再和厚度为4.75mm，内径29.5mm的低折射率的皮料玻璃管匹配进行单丝拉制，单丝直径为3.14mm；
(2)一次复丝拉制：将拉制的单丝按每边6根单丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的一次复合棒，然后将光吸收料玻璃拉制成直径为0.43mm的光学吸收丝均匀插入到一次复合棒间隙中，然后将一次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.205mm的一次复丝，一次复丝包括棒管结合拉制成的单丝和光吸收料拉制成的光学吸收丝；
(3)二次复丝拉制：将拉制的一次复丝按每边14根的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的二次复合棒，再将所述的二次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.105mm的二次复丝；
(4)排板和热熔压成型：将上述拉制的二次复丝切割截短成长度为133mm的长度，然后按每边17根二次复丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的排板板段，将排板板段放入到 热熔压成型模具中，设计热熔压成型的压缩比为0.78，二次复丝排列成板段经热熔压成型后即制成中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段；
(5)精加工：将制备的中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段经过滚圆、切割、端面磨抛等操作即加工成中膨胀光纤传像元件毛坯，毛坯经过加热拉伸成型即可加工成中膨胀光纤光锥。
其测试性能如下，(1)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数67.317×10 -7/℃；(2)耐热温度613.3℃；(3)纤维丝径4.0μm，分辨力＞120lp/mm。
实施例3
制备中膨胀芯料玻璃：
玻璃实际组成参照表1实施例3，使用与实施例1相同的原料及原料要求，在1450℃温度下熔融4小时，在玻璃熔制过程中，对玻璃进行2次的搅拌，使玻璃熔制均匀，待玻璃熔融后，再降温至1340℃温度澄清2小时，然后再将熔融玻璃液浇铸成规定的测试制品要求，然后进行退火，退火工艺为650℃保温1小时，再用12小时降温至60℃，然后再随炉冷却至室温。采用与实施例1相同的测试条件，在表1显示了试样的基本性能。(1)折射率为1.82；(2)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数66.830×10 -7/℃。
制备中膨胀光纤传像原件：
(1)单丝拉制：将环保型高折射率中膨胀芯料玻璃棒表面精磨抛光至直径28.0mm，再和厚度为4.4mm，内径28.5mm的低折射率的皮料玻璃管匹配进行单丝拉制，单丝直径为3.11mm；
(2)一次复丝拉制：将拉制的单丝按每边6根单丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的一次复合棒，然后将光吸收料玻璃拉制成直径为0.46mm的光学吸收丝均匀插入到一次复合棒间隙中，然后将一次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.175mm的一次复丝，一次复丝包括棒管结合拉制成的单丝和光吸收料拉制成的光吸收丝；
(3)二次复丝拉制：将拉制的一次复丝按每边14根的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的二次复合棒，再将所述的二次复合棒再次拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.115mm的二次复丝；
(4)排板和热熔压成型：将上述拉制的二次复丝切割截短成长度为128mm的长度，然后按每边17根二次复丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的排板板段，将排板板段放入到热熔压成型模具中，设计热熔压成型的压缩比为0.84，二次复丝排列成板段经热熔压成型后即制成中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段；
(5)精加工：将制备的中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段经过滚圆、切割、端面磨抛等操作即加工成中膨胀光纤传像元件毛坯，毛坯经过尺寸加工即成中膨胀光纤面板。
其测试性能如下，(1)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数66.403×10 -7/℃；(2)耐热温度612.1℃；(3)纤维丝径3.99μm，分辨力＞120lp/mm。
实施例4
制备中膨胀芯料玻璃：
玻璃实际组成参照表1实施例4，使用与实施例1相同的原料及原料要求，并且采取相同熔化工艺制度和测试条件，在表1显示了试样的基本性能。(1)折射率为1.82；(2)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数71.094×10 -7/℃。
制备中膨胀光纤传像原件：
(1)单丝拉制：将环保型高折射率中膨胀芯料玻璃棒表面精磨抛光至直径28.5mm，再和厚度为4.5mm，内径29.0mm的低折射率的皮料玻璃管匹配进行单丝拉制，单丝直径为3.12mm；
(2)一次复丝拉制：将拉制的单丝按每边6根单丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的一次复合棒，然后将光吸收料玻璃拉制成直径为0.45mm的光吸收丝均匀插入到一次复合棒的间隙中，然后将一次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.200mm的一次复丝，一次复丝包括棒管结合拉制成的单丝和光吸收料拉制成的玻璃纤维丝；
(3)二次复丝拉制：将拉制的一次复丝按每边14根的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的二次复合棒，再将所述的二次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.110mm的二次复丝；
(4)排板和热熔压成型：将上述拉制的二次复丝切割截短成长度为133mm的长度，然后按每边17根二次复丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的排板板段，将排板板段放入到热熔压成型模具中，设计热熔压成型的压缩比为0.82，二次复丝排列成板段经热熔压成型后即制成中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段；
(5)精加工：将制备的中膨胀板段经过滚圆、切割、端面磨抛等操作即加工成中膨胀光纤传像元件毛坯，毛坯经过加热扭转成型或拉伸成型即可加工成中膨胀光纤光锥。
其测试性能如下，(1)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数70.086×10 -7/℃；(2)耐热温度612.7℃；(3)纤维丝径3.97μm，分辨力＞120lp/mm。
实施例5
制备中膨胀芯料玻璃：
玻璃实际组成参照表1实施例5，使用与实施例1相同的原料及原料要求，并且采取相同熔化工艺制度和测试条件，在表1显示了试样的基本性能。(1)折射率为1.81；(2)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数68.607×10 -7/℃。
制备中膨胀光纤传像原件：
(1)单丝拉制：将环保型高折射率中膨胀芯料玻璃棒表面精磨抛光至直径28.5mm，再和厚度为4.25mm，内径29.0mm的低折射率的皮料玻璃管匹配进行单丝拉制，单丝直径为3.122mm；
(2)一次复丝拉制：将拉制的单丝按每边6根单丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的一次复合棒，然后将光吸收料玻璃拉制成直径为0.44mm的光吸收丝均匀插入到一次复合棒之间的间隙中，然后将一次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.192mm的一次复丝；
(3)二次复丝拉制：将拉制的一次复丝按每边14根的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的二次复合棒，再将所述的二次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.085mm的二次复丝；
(4)排板和热熔压成型：将上述拉制的二次复丝切割截短成长度为132mm的长度，然后按每边17根二次复丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的排板板段放入到热熔压成型模具中，设计热熔压成型的压缩比为0.83，二次复丝排列成板段经热熔压成型后即制成中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段；
(5)精加工：将制备的中膨胀板段经过滚圆、切割、端面磨抛等操作即加工成中膨胀光纤传像元件毛坯，毛坯经过加热扭转成型即可加工成中膨胀光纤倒像器。
其测试性能如下，(1)30-300℃的平均线膨胀系数68.192×10 -7/℃；(2)耐热温度609.9℃；(3)纤维丝径3.98μm，分辨力＞120lp/mm。
本发明还提供一种用于光纤传像元件(包括光纤面板、光纤倒像器、光纤光锥、光纤传像束等)的应用，该中膨胀光纤传像元件可应用于微光像增强器和其他光电子技术领域中。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种中膨胀光纤传像元件的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)单丝拉制：将中膨胀芯料玻璃棒表面精磨抛光至直径28-29mm，再和厚度为4.25-4.75mm，内径28.5-29.5mm的低折射率皮料玻璃管匹配进行单丝拉制，单丝直径为3.10-3.14mm；
    (2)一次复丝拉制：将拉制的单丝按每边6根单丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的一次复合棒，然后将光吸收料玻璃拉制成直径为0.43-0.47mm的光吸收丝均匀插入到一次复合棒的间隙中，然后将插有光吸收丝的一次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.175-1.225mm的一次复丝，所述一次复丝包括棒管结合拉制成的单丝和光吸收料拉制成的光吸收丝；
    (3)二次复丝拉制：将所述一次复丝按每边14根的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的二次复合棒，再将所述二次复合棒拉制成六方对边尺寸为1.085-1.135mm的二次复丝；
    (4)排板和热熔压成型：将所述二次复丝切割截短成长度为113-133mm的长度，然后按每边17根二次复丝的要求排列成横截面为正六方形的排板板段，再放入到热熔压成型模具中，设计热熔压成型的压缩比为0.78-0.84，经热熔压成型后制成中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段；
    (5)精加工：将制备的中膨胀光纤传像元件坯板板段经过滚圆、切割、端面磨抛的操作，加工成中膨胀光纤传像元件毛坯，所述毛坯经过尺寸加工、加热扭转成型或拉伸成型，即加工成中膨胀光纤面板、中膨胀光纤倒像器或中膨胀光纤光锥。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种中膨胀光纤传像元件的制备方法，其特征在于，所述中膨胀芯料玻璃棒采用中膨芯料胀玻璃制备而成；
    所述中膨胀芯料玻璃包括以下重量百分含量的组分：
    Figure PCTCN2022075016-appb-100001
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种中膨胀光纤传像元件的制备方法，其特征在于，所述中膨胀芯料玻璃包括以下重量百分含量的组分：
    Figure PCTCN2022075016-appb-100002
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括中膨胀芯料玻璃的制备方法：
    (1)将石英砂、氢氧化铝、硼酸或硼酐、碳酸钙、碳酸钡或硝酸钡、氧化镧、氧化铌、氧化钽、氧化钇、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化锆和氧化锡，按照配料要求放入铂金坩埚中；
    (2)在1350-1450℃下熔融4-8小时，熔融过程中进行1-2次搅拌，再降温至1300-1340℃，澄清1-2小时；
    (3)将澄清后的玻璃熔体通过漏料口流下来，在模具中浇铸形成玻璃棒；
    (4)成型后的玻璃棒在退火炉中退火，在600-650℃保温1小时，再用12小时从600-650℃降温至60℃，然后再随炉冷却至室温，得到中膨胀芯料玻璃。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的一种中膨胀光纤传像元件的制备方法，其特征在于，所述中膨胀芯料玻璃的折射率为1.80～1.82，在30～300℃范围的平均线热膨胀系数为(68±5)×10 -7/℃，应变点温度大于600℃，析晶温度大于820℃。
  6. 一种中膨胀光纤传像元件，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种中膨胀光纤传像元件，其特征在于，所述中膨胀光纤传像元件在30～300℃范围的平均线热膨胀系数为(68±5)×10 -7/℃，耐热温度大于600℃。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的一种中膨胀光纤传像元件，其特征在于，所述中膨胀光纤传像元件在430nm～900nm波长范围内的光谱透过率＞65％。
  9. 根据权利要求6或7所述的一种中膨胀光纤传像元件，其特征在于，所述中膨胀光纤传像元件的纤维丝径≤4.0μm，分辨力＞120lp/mm。
  10. 一种权利要求6-9任一项所述的一种中膨胀光纤传像元件在微光夜视技术中的应用。
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