WO2023039619A1

WO2023039619A1 - Drilling machine and method for producing bores

Info

Publication number: WO2023039619A1
Application number: PCT/AT2021/060330
Authority: WO
Inventors: Josef FERK
Original assignee: Vital Wohnen Gmbh & Co Kg
Priority date: 2021-09-16
Filing date: 2021-09-16
Publication date: 2023-03-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a drilling machine (1) for producing bores, in particular for producing geological bores with a depth of 8 m to 45 m, having a drilling machine table which is connectable to a foundation (39), and a drill slide (3) on which a drive (4), with which a drill pipe (5) connected releasably to the drive (4) can be set in rotation about a drill axis (7), is arranged movably along a drilling direction (8). To be able to produce bores in a particularly simple manner and in particular without damage to off-site facilities, provision is made according to the invention that the drilling machine table is connected releasably to the drill slide (3). In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing a bore, in particular for producing a geological bore with a depth of 8 m to 45 m.

Description

Drilling machine and method for producing bores

The invention relates to a drilling machine, in particular for producing geological bores with a depth of 8 m to 45 m, having a drilling table which can be connected to a subsoil, and a drilling rig on which a drive, with which a detachably connected to the drive Drill pipe can be rotated about a drilling axis, is arranged to be movable along a drilling direction.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing a bore, in particular for producing a geological bore with a depth of 8 m to 45 m.

Drilling machines and methods of the type mentioned at the outset have become known from the prior art, in particular for producing bores for geothermal applications, for example, in order to use heat pumps to extract heat from the ground to heat a living space or to cool the living space using heat in the bores arranged in the ground arranged brine lines or collector pipes into the ground. In particular, due to a trend away from thermal heating in buildings, there is an increasing need for appropriate drilling, both in new systems and in existing systems, in which thermal heating is often replaced by heat pumps.

From the prior art, converted anchor drilling devices from tunnel construction have become known for producing corresponding bores, which can also be used for wells, which have a crawler chassis and a drill carriage connected to the crawler chassis. Such devices have a large installation space and a corresponding weight, which is why they usually have to be transported to a drilling site by means of a large truck. The last few meters to a drilling position are then covered with the crawler chassis. It is obvious that on the one hand this involves a great deal of effort and on the other hand transporting such devices to a drilling site, particularly in the case of existing gardens, very often leads to considerable damage to an outside area in the area of an access road to the drilling site. In addition to high costs, replacing a caloric heating system with a heat pump with the appropriate drilling for a builder is often associated with the necessary renovation of the outside area or the garden, at least in the area of the driveway, which is why many builders resort to less energy-efficient air heat pumps or other alternatives evade.

This is where the invention comes in. The object of the invention is to specify a drilling machine of the type mentioned at the outset, which makes it easier to produce corresponding bores and, in particular, reduces the effects on an outside area in the area of an access road to the drilling site.

A corresponding procedure should also be specified.

The first object is achieved according to the invention by a drill of the type mentioned in which the drill table is detachably connected to the drill carriage.

With a drilling machine according to the invention, the detachable connection of the drill table to the drill mast makes it easy to transport the drill, broken down into drill table and drill mast, to the drilling site and only set it up at the drilling site, thereby reducing the weight of objects to be transported and thus a load on a subsoil in the area of a path to the drilling site can be reduced. Thus, the boring machine can be formed on site in a particularly simple manner, making the entire method simpler and implementable at significantly lower cost compared to prior art methods.

The drill carriage is preferably connected to the drill table so that it can move in the vertical direction, in particular via one or more displacement cylinders. By activating the displacement cylinder, which is usually actuated hydraulically, a vertical position of the drill carriage relative to the drill table can be changed in a targeted manner.

In addition or as an alternative to a displacement cylinder, a hand crank can of course also be provided in order to manually change a vertical position of the drill carriage relative to the drill table. The drill is preferably designed in such a way that the drill carriage is supported relative to the ground. For this purpose, the drill mast can be pressed against the ground with a drive, such as the displacement cylinder, or manually. As a result, a mechanical load on the drill table can be reduced and stability during drilling can be increased, especially since the corresponding forces can then be transmitted directly from the drill mast to the subsoil. For this purpose, a stabilizing plate can be provided in particular on the underside of the drill mast, which can optionally be fixed in the ground with ground anchors in order to be able to absorb lateral forces particularly well. The drill mast can be connected to the stabilization plate, for example, by means of a positive fit, so that the drill mast can be easily separated from the stabilization plate or the ground by lifting it.

A particularly low weight of the drilling machine can be achieved if at least one, preferably four to 20, ground anchors are provided, through which the drill table can be connected to the ground, the ground anchors to a depth of less than 2 m, in particular 0.5 m to 1.5 m, can be brought into the ground. Devices of the prior art are often only very massive or heavy in design in order to stabilize the machine during drilling or in order to apply a large axial force in the direction of the drilling axis to the drill with the drill, corresponding to the weight of the drill to be able to The use of ground anchors makes it possible to connect the drill rig and a drive connected to this drill rig to the ground, which also allows tensile forces to be transmitted in a vertical direction, so that a vertical force applied to the drill pipe or a casing pipe can also be greater than a vertical force transmitted through a weight of the drill related weight force. The ground anchors can thus generally be connected to the drill table in such a way that the ground anchors are subject to tensile stress and the drill table is held by the ground anchors on a subsurface or pressed against a subsurface.

In principle, the ground anchors can connect the drill table to the ground both with and without prestressing. An arrangement of the ground anchors without prestressing can be expedient in particular if the subsoil suggests that the driven-in ground anchors will have a certain elasticity in connection with the ground itself have, so that the ground anchors can not be loosened by vibrations of the drilling process.

The ground anchors are usually fixed in the ground or in the subsoil without cement or the like, for example exclusively in a non-positive or positive manner by means of threads on the ground anchors, so that the ground anchors are screwed or hammered into the subsoil. Basically, of course, a fixation with cement or quick-setting cement is also possible. Provision can also be made for the ground anchors to have a thread in order to trigger a rotary movement when the ground anchors are knocked in. Such anchors have also become known under the trade name Spirafix ground anchor.

The ground anchors can protrude several meters into the ground in order to achieve a particularly stable connection. In order to be able to easily drill holes into which ground anchors are placed, possibly with a cordless drill, it can also be provided that the ground anchors or the holes required for them are less than 2.0 m, in particular less than 1.5 m m, preferably less than 1.0 m, particularly preferably 0.4 m to 0.9 m, protrude into the ground or the subsoil.

Although fixing with just one ground anchor can be sufficient, it is favorable if several ground anchors, for example four, six twelve or 16 ground anchors, are provided, which are usually arranged at approximately the same distance from the drilling position, for example in the form of corner points of a rectangle with four ground anchors or a hexagon with six ground anchors, whereby the drilling position is approximately in the center. It goes without saying that more ground anchors, for example 16, are usually used when higher forces are to be expected, and fewer ground anchors, for example four or six, are used when lower forces are to be expected.

For example, with a single ground anchor, which has a length of approx. 800 mm and a diameter of 50 mm, a tensile force of 10,000 N can be applied to the ground or the drill table can be pressed against the ground with a correspondingly high force. Accordingly, when four such ground anchors are used, a pulling force on the drill table downwards of 40,000 N can be achieved. It is particularly favorable if the ground anchors are coupled to the drill table in a working position via spring and/or damper elements in the vertical direction, with a prestressing of the spring and/or damper elements being adjustable in particular. This can be implemented structurally in a wide variety of ways using spring or damper elements known from the prior art.

In this context, it is particularly favorable if at least one, preferably each, ground anchor is coupled to the drill table via a ground anchor clamping device, which ground anchor clamping device is releasably connected to the drill table and can be releasably connected to the ground anchor. Thus, several separate parts are achieved again, which each have only a low weight and can therefore be easily transported independently of one another to a drilling site and assembled there in order to erect the drilling machine at the drilling site.

A ground anchor tensioning device can be connected to only one ground anchor. However, it can also be provided that a ground anchor tensioning device is coupled to the ground via a number of ground anchors. The ground anchors can be connected to the ground anchor tensioning device, for example via spring and/or damper elements, in particular via spiral springs.

Provision can be made for the base plate of the ground anchor tensioning device to have two to twelve, in particular three or four, recesses through which a corresponding number of ground anchors protrude, through which ground anchors the ground anchor tensioning device can be connected to the ground, with the recesses having different sizes can. With an increased number of ground anchors per ground anchor tensioning device, shorter ground anchors can be used. Shorter ground anchors can be introduced into soil more easily and quickly than longer ones, for example with a cordless hammer drill, while longer ground anchors generally require a hydraulic hammer. In addition, it has been shown that a number of shorter ground anchors are better able to absorb lateral forces than fewer ground anchors, which are designed to be longer for this purpose.

It is favorable if the ground anchor tensioning device has an anti-twist device for the ground anchor or ground anchors, which protrude through the recess in the base plate. Vibrations triggered by the drill during operation can cause loosening, wandering and/or Unscrew the ground anchors. An anti-twist device, which can be formed, for example, by a form fit between the ground anchor and the base plate, can thus easily prevent or at least inhibit the ground anchor from loosening. The positive connection can be brought about, for example, by a recess having a slot, with which slot the ground anchor can be coupled to prevent it from rotating.

The ground anchors can be connected rigidly to the ground anchor tensioning device or via a spring and/or a damping element.

It is preferably provided that the ground anchor tensioning device has a base plate with at least one recess through which the ground anchor can be inserted into the ground anchor tensioning device, the ground anchor being able to be coupled to the ground anchor tensioning device via a screw connection in the vertical direction, the ground anchor Tensioning device has spring and/or damping elements, in particular one or more disk springs or spiral springs, via which a coupling of the base plate to the ground anchor in the vertical direction is possible. For this purpose, the ground anchor(s) can, for example, have an external thread at an upper end, which upper end can be designed as a tie bolt, which is guided through the recesses in the base plate and a coupling cylinder that is optionally rigidly connected to this base plate, and the coupling cylinder at a head end protrude so that the ground anchor can be connected to the coupling cylinder via the thread, if necessary via disc springs. Alternatively, the ground anchors can also be rigidly connected to the base plate. The use of spring and/or damping elements between the ground anchor and the drill table is particularly advantageous because vibrations of the drill drive or the drill head are only filtered or damped and transmitted to the ground anchor. This reduces mechanical stress on the ground anchor. The base plate can also have more recesses than ground anchors are provided, so that if a ground anchor cannot be driven into a recess, for example because there is a stone in the ground underneath, the additional recess can be used instead. The individual recesses can have the same or different cross sections. For example, differently sized recesses can be provided for different sized ground anchors. With the ground anchor tensioning device, which can preferably be releasably connected to the ground anchor and detachably connected to the drill table, the ground anchor can be prestressed relative to the base plate or against a substructure, i.e. subjected to tension, even before the drill table is connected to the ground anchor . For example, the drill table can be connected to the ground anchor tensioning device via the coupling cylinder, optionally via interposed spring and/or damper elements such as disc springs.

It is favorable if the drill table is releasably connected to the ground anchor clamping device in a working position of the drill in the vertical direction via spring and/or damper elements, in particular one or more disc springs. The ground anchor tensioning device is thus on the one hand resiliently connected to the ground anchor and on the other hand resiliently or dampeningly connected to the drill table. On the one hand, this reduces mechanical stresses caused by vibrations, which are only partially transmitted to the ground anchors, which also prevents the ground anchors from loosening in the ground during the drilling process, or at least makes it more difficult. On the other hand, a mechanical coupling via spring and/or damping elements allows small compensating movements between the drill table and the ground, which also reduces mechanical stresses on the individual components, in particular due to mutual bracing.

In order to reduce vibrations and thus a mechanical load on the individual elements of the drilling machine, a coupling of the drive to the drill pipe, the jacket pipe and/or the preventer coupling which is particularly resilient and/or dampening in the axial direction can be additionally or alternatively provided. in particular via a floating spindle, which optionally has a floating coupling flange at the end.

In order to be able to insert the ground anchors in the correct positions in the ground in a particularly efficient manner, an anchor assembly jig is preferably provided which has markings, in particular openings, at positions which correspond to positions at which the ground anchors can be connected to the drill table. optionally via coupling devices such as ground anchor clamping devices, so that positions for the ground anchors can be positioned by marking a soil at the markings or for coupling devices, via which the drilling table is connected to the ground anchors, can be defined on the ground.

It can also be provided that the drill table itself, if necessary in connection with several ground anchor clamping devices, via which the drill table can be connected to the ground by means of ground anchors, forms an anchor assembly jig by using recesses in the bottom plates of the ground anchor clamping devices as openings be used for marking positions of the ground anchors.

In particular, when the drill table is connected to the ground via ground anchor clamping devices, which have several recesses for ground anchors, which also do not coincide with a position at which the drill table is connected to the ground anchor clamping device, it is advantageous if the ground anchor installation jig, only positions are marked at which the drilling table is connected to the ground anchor clamping devices. Such a connection can be made, for example, via a coupling cylinder. These positions can be marked with marker rods, which are hammered into the ground.

The ground anchor clamping devices, which have recesses for several ground anchors, for example for three or four ground anchors, are then placed on these marking rods, with the recesses usually being arranged eccentrically, for example regularly around the position of the marking rod or around an axis of the coupling cylinder distributed.

The drill table halves can then already be placed on the ground anchor clamping devices, after which the ground anchor can be driven through the recesses of the ground anchor clamping devices into the ground. The ground anchors can then be connected to the ground anchor clamping devices and the drilling table halves using pretensioning springs.

In a further step, the drill carriage can be connected to the drill table halves and thus to the ground, if necessary via a carriage adapter previously connected to the drill table halves, with a horizontal fine adjustment of the Drilling table can be enabled, for example, via height adjusters on the drilling table or on the ground anchor clamping devices.

It is particularly favorable if the anchor assembly jig has a drilling axis marking, which corresponds to a position of a drilling axis, so that positions for the ground anchors can be defined via a predetermined drilling position, in order to drill a hole at the drilling position with the drilling machine that is positioned accordingly and fixed by means of the ground anchors to put into the ground. As a result, a separate measurement of the positions of the ground anchors, which are usually connected to the drilling table at predefined positions, can be avoided, but only the anchor installation jig needs to be placed on the ground accordingly, so that a drilling position can be determined, for example, by a geological investigation , in particular by a geoelectric method, or a precise determination due to assembly requirements, is in accordance with the drilling axis marking, after which the marking positions for the ground anchors are defined.

It is favorable if the drill table has two drill table halves which can be releasably connected by a mount adapter, the drill mount being detachably connectable to the drill table via the mount adapter. This has the particular advantage that the drill table and the carriage adapter can each be formed by flat components, which are also lightweight to produce. The individual components of the drilling machine can thus also be transported to a drilling position manually and without great effort, as a result of which damage to an external system can be avoided entirely.

Provision is preferably made for the drill carriage to be connected to the carriage adapter via a displacement cylinder, by means of which the drill carriage can be moved in the vertical direction relative to the carriage adapter. The drill carriage can thus be moved as a whole relative to the drill table or to the carriage adapter by means of the displacement cylinder. This is particularly favorable if clamping tongs for the drill pipe or casing pipe are attached to the drilling rig, especially since a vertical position of the clamping tongs can then be changed by means of the displacement cylinder. In addition, by means of the displacement cylinder on the drill mast thus also a vertical force on one with the Drill mast associated jacket pipe are applied. A size of the force can be easily specified, changed during the process and, if necessary, also regulated.

A particularly high level of stability of the drilling table can be achieved if the drilling table has two detachably connectable drilling table halves, each drilling table half being able to be connected to a substrate at two positions via ground anchors, with a drilling table connector being provided in particular, by means of which the drilling table halves can be connected at the ends.

In order to achieve a particularly lightweight, easily transportable and at the same time stable drilling machine, it is preferably provided that the drilling table halves have shaped tubes, in particular square tubes, or are formed by shaped tubes of this type. Thus, the individual components of the drill can also be designed flat, which means that they can be easily stowed away.

It has proven itself that a clamping table that can be detachably connected to the drill table is provided with a receptacle for a casing pipe that can be pivoted about a pivot axis, so that a casing pipe and/or drill pipe that is detachably connected to the receptacle can be brought into a vertical position by pivoting the receptacle, to couple the casing tube to the drive.

Casing can be used to prevent the well from collapsing while drilling. With an appropriate drilling machine with a clamping table, additional jacket pipes can easily be added and pushed into the drill pipe as the drilling depth increases. Corresponding drill pipes and casing pipes can be inserted manually into the clamping device in an approximately horizontal position and coupled to it, after which these pipes are swiveled into an approximately vertical position by means of the clamping device in order to close the pipes with the drive and pipes already in the borehole couple.

However, it can also be provided that drilling is carried out without a casing pipe, particularly in the case of stable subsoil with a high proportion of clay. A casing pipe is then often only used at one borehole mouth to prevent the one near the surface from collapsing To prevent area of the borehole. In this case, what is known as a bottom preventer is usually used, through which the drill pipe can be inserted into the casing pipe and which closes off an intermediate space between the casing pipe and the drill pipe at the top. The soil preventer usually has a lateral tube through which drill cuttings can be discharged. Furthermore, a thread for coupling to the jacket pipe is usually provided on the bottom side of the bottom preventer.

It is preferably provided that a casing pipe enclosing the drill pipe can be releasably connected to the drilling machine in such a way that a continuous vertical force can be applied to the casing pipe during drilling with the drilling machine, the vertical force preferably being changeable in a defined manner, in particular being adjustable. The force can be applied in particular via the drill mast. By continuously applying a vertical force or pressing the casing pipe downwards, it is ensured in a simple manner that the borehole is supported by the casing pipe. The force can be applied to the drill mast, for example, with a displacement cylinder, which connects the drill mast to the carriage adapter.

It can also be provided that the vertical force with which the casing tube is pressed downwards can be set in a defined manner, changed during the process and, if necessary, automatically regulated. For example, the regulation can take place in such a way that with increasing depth of the borehole, an increasing vertical force is applied in order to be able to move the casing pipe downwards even at great depths and with increasing casing friction.

It is particularly favorable if a casing pipe enclosing the borehole can be detachably coupled to the drilling machine in such a way that the casing pipe can be made to rotate about the drilling axis, in particular by means of the drive. As a result, a new casing pipe can easily be screwed to a casing pipe already in the borehole via a thread located at the end of the casing pipe, preferably by means of the drive, which is also provided for driving the drill pipe. For this purpose, for example, the drive can be rotationally coupled to either the drill pipe or the jacket pipe via a switchover device. A simple transport of the drilling machine is possible when drill pipes and jacket pipes with a length of only a few meters or less, in particular less than 2.0 m, for example about 1.5 m, are used. When the borehole reaches a depth corresponding to the length of the drill pipes or casing pipes, drill pipes or casing pipes are then added and connected to the drill pipes or casing pipes already in the drill hole, as is also known from the prior art. In order to enable the drill pipes already in the borehole to be connected in a simple manner to a newly laid drill pipe, a drill pipe clamp is preferably provided, with which the drill pipe can be detachably fixed. Usually, the drill pipe that is already in the drill pipe is fixed with the drill pipe clamp, while a new drill pipe is placed at an upper end on the drill pipe that is already in the drill pipe and is rotated with the drill pipe that is already in the drill hole and fixed by the drill pipe clamp tied together. The rotation is usually applied to the new drill pipe with the drive, which subsequently also drives the entire drill pipe including a drill head usually attached to the end of the drill pipe, wherein the drill head can also be designed as a down-the-hole hammer.

Furthermore, it is favorable if a casing pipe clamp is provided, with which the casing pipe can be fixed in a detachable manner. To use a new casing pipe, a casing pipe already in the drill pipe is fixed in the same way with the casing pipe clamp, after which a newly fed casing pipe is connected to the casing pipe already in the borehole by rotating it around the drilling axis.

It goes without saying that the casing pipe clamps can also be omitted, for example if the casing pipes drilled into the ground are difficult to turn due to casing friction, so that the frictional resistance of the casing pipes with the surrounding soil is sufficient for screwing or unscrewing. Alternatively, a casing tube to be screwed together could also be fixed with an open-end wrench, in order in particular to reduce the outlay on machinery.

In addition, a casing pipe breaking device can be provided, with which a rotation can be applied to the casing pipe in order to create a screw connection between two to be able to reliably loosen jacket pipes or break loose the thread. This can be implemented structurally, for example, by a hydraulic cylinder.

It is particularly favorable if the casing pipe can be coupled to the drilling machine via a preventer coupling, the preventer coupling having at least one lateral outlet through which drill cuttings can be discharged from the casing pipe. The drilling machine is usually designed in such a way that the drill pipe is hollow and compressed air is fed through this cavity to the drill bit along the drilling axis, with which the drill hole is flushed by drilling cuttings being conveyed vertically upwards in a space between casing pipe and drill pipe. Of course, rinsing with a liquid is also possible as an alternative. This cuttings can be discharged through the outlet of the preventer coupling from the gap between casing and drill pipe. The outlet of the preventer coupling can be connected to a casing pipe connected to the preventer coupling in a rotationally movable manner or alternatively in a rotationally rigid manner in order to be able to rotate the casing pipe independently of a rotation of the outlet when a new casing pipe is inserted or a casing pipe is removed. It goes without saying that the outlet of the preventer coupling is generally not moved in a rotational manner about the drilling axis during the drilling process, but that the position of the outlet essentially does not change during the drilling process, in order to ensure that drill cuttings can be continuously removed during drilling in a simple manner make possible.

It is favorable if the preventer coupling can be coupled to the drive on the one hand and to both the drill pipe and the casing pipe on the other hand, with the preventer coupling having a switching device in order to be able to transfer a rotation of the drive to either the drill pipe or the casing pipe. The preventer coupling can thus be used to transmit a rotational movement of the drive, usually a hydraulic motor, to the drill pipe during drilling operation, with a simple switchover of the switching device also allowing the rotational movement of the drive to be transmitted to the casing pipe as an alternative, in order to, in the event of to couple the casing pipe to the drive in a rotary manner when changing a pipe, so that a newly fed casing pipe can be easily screwed to casing pipes already in the borehole by means of the drive. In principle, the switching device can be designed in a wide variety of ways. It is preferably provided that the switching device has a drive shaft that can be connected to the drive in a rigid, resilient and/or damping manner, in particular a drive shaft that can be connected to the drive in a form-fitting manner, for example a toothed shaft, a drive shaft with a hexagonal profile or the like, a jacket pipe connection with which the jacket pipe, can be rigidly connected, in particular via a thread, and has a drill pipe connection, to which the drill pipe can be rigidly connected, in particular via a thread, wherein a coupling element is provided which can be moved between two working positions along the drilling axis relative to the drive shaft, the Coupling element, the drill pipe and the casing pipe have corresponding positive-locking elements, so that the coupling element is rotationally coupled to the casing pipe in a first working position and is rotationally coupled to the drill pipe in a second working position, the coupling element being both in the first and in the second working position is rotationally coupled to the drive shaft, in particular via a toothing. The coupling element can be displaced along the drilling axis, for example, by means of an actuating cylinder. In particular, the actuating cylinder can be coupled rigidly along the drilling axis, but rotatorily movable around the drilling axis, to a part of the preventer coupling that can be rigidly connected to the steering column jacket, in order to axially displace this part of the preventer coupling and thus the coupling element in order to achieve a rotational coupling of the coupling element either with to reach with the drill or with the jacket pipe.

The drive shaft can be rotationally rigidly connected to the drive or, for example, resiliently connected via a spring and/or damped via a damper, for example via a so-called floating spindle, which protects the drive from vibrations. The floating spindle can have a floating coupling flange at the end. Provision can also be made for the drive shaft to be rotationally rigidly connected to the drive and only axially resiliently and/or dampened via a floating spindle, although of course a rotationally and axially resiliently and/or dampened connection is also conceivable, for example via axially and rotationally resilient and/or damping elements. It is favorable if a switchover drive, in particular a hydraulic drive, is provided, by means of which the coupling element can be moved from the first working position into the second working position.

A robust construction results in particular when the form-fitting elements have claws. For example, claws can then be arranged on a drill pipe connection and on the coupling element, which claws form a positive connection when the coupling element is in a corresponding position and thus connect the drill pipe connection to the drive. The drill pipe can then be releasably connected to the drill pipe connection via a claw coupling.

In order to enable the borehole to be made particularly quickly, even in hard rock, it is preferably provided that a down-the-hole hammer is arranged on the end of the drill pipe. On the one hand, this enables a rotational movement of the drill head and, on the other hand, an application of impacts, with a force being applied along the drilling axis, in order in particular to enable easier penetration of hard rock.

The drilling machine can of course be designed with an ordinary drill bit, which has a rigid cross-section. However, it can also be advantageous if a drill head is arranged on the end of the drill pipe, which drill head has a changeable cross section, in particular a wing hammer, so that the cross section of the drill head can be larger during operation than an inner diameter of a casing pipe, which encloses the drill pipe and through which the drill head is removable from the well when the drill pipe is not rotating.

The wing hammer can thus be designed as a down-the-hole hammer. In this case in particular, a drilling depth of up to 45 m, for example, can also be achieved without changing to a rotary flushing method, so that a down-the-hole hammer method that can be implemented with a down-the-hole hammer can be used consistently up to 45 m.

The drilling machine can be used particularly preferably in the context of a mobile drilling device which, in addition to the drilling machine according to the invention, has a movable trailer with wheels which can be coupled to a motor vehicle is to be able to transport the drilling machine over a road, the drilling machine being entirely trailerable in a disassembled state. For this purpose, the drilling machine is usually broken down into individual parts that are small enough to be placed on a car trailer, so that the individual parts of the drilling machine have a width of less than 2 m, a height of less than 2 m and a length of less than 10 m, preferably less than 4 m.

The further object is achieved according to the invention by a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which first a drill table is arranged at a drilling position, after which a drill mast with a drive is used with the drill table, with which a drill pipe detachably connected to the drive can be set in rotation about a drilling axis is arranged to be movable along a drilling direction, after which the drill pipe is connected to the drive and the bore is introduced into the ground.

A corresponding method is usually carried out with a drilling machine according to the invention.

According to the invention, the drilling machine is not moved as a whole to the drilling position, but only mounted at the drilling position, which simplifies transport of the drilling machine to the drilling position and, in particular, easily avoids the destruction of outdoor facilities.

It is favorable if the drill table is coupled to the ground using ground anchors. Such a coupling preferably takes place before the borehole is drilled into the ground. As a result, the drill bit and, if necessary, a jacket pipe enclosing the drill pipe can be pressed into the drill hole in the vertical direction with an axial force which is independent of the weight of the drilling machine.

A method that is particularly easy to implement results when the drilling table is formed at the drilling position, in particular by detachably coupling two halves of the drilling table. As a result, the drilling table halves can be designed to be lightweight and small, so that they can also be transported manually to the drilling position if necessary. Driving through a garden or outdoor facilities with a truck can thus be avoided in a simple manner. It is favorable if the drill pipe and a casing pipe enclosing the drill pipe are connected to the drive via a preventer coupling with a switchover device, with a rotational movement of the drive being transmitted alternately to only the drill pipe or only to the casing pipe via the switchover device.

Provision is preferably made for an axial force to be simultaneously applied to the casing pipe via the preventer coupling during drilling, in which case the rotational movement of the drive is transmitted via the preventer coupling only to the drill pipe. In this case, the casing pipe preferably does not perform a rotational movement, but is only moved downwards in a translatory manner along the drilling axis.

Further features, advantages and effects of the invention result from the exemplary embodiment presented below. The drawings to which reference is made show:

1 shows a drilling machine;

2 shows an anchor assembly jig;

3 shows a ground anchor tensioning device in a sectional view;

3a is a plan view of another ground anchor tensioning device;

4 shows four ground anchors together with ground anchor clamping devices;

5 ground anchors together with ground anchor clamping devices and one half of the drilling table;

6 to 8 different process states in the production of a drilling machine;

9 to 12 further process states when assembling a drilling machine;

Figures 13 and 14 show details of a drilling machine;

15 shows a further detail of a drilling machine;

16 to 21 details of a preventer coupling;

22a to 22n a mobile drilling device in different working states of a pipe string.

1 shows a drilling machine 1 according to the invention for producing bores for geothermal applications, in particular for producing a geothermal heat collector. The drilling machine 1 has a drilling table with two drilling table halves 2 which are connected at the bottom end by a drilling table connector 19 and a carriage adapter 18 are. The carriage adapter 18 is connected on the one hand to the drill table halves 2 and on the other hand via a displacement cylinder (not visible in Fig. 1) to a drill carriage 3, on which drill carriage 3 a drive 4, usually formed by a top drive, is arranged to be movable along a drilling direction 8 by means of a carriage, with which drive 4 a drill pipe 5 and alternatively also a jacket pipe 6 can be set in a rotational movement about the drilling axis 7 via a preventer coupling 26 . The drive 4 is translationally displaceable along a drilling axis 7 by means of a carriage drive 40 which moves the carriage.

It can also be seen in Fig. 1 that the drilling machine 1 has a clamping table 21, on which drill pipes 5, which are also not shown in Fig. 1, and jacket pipes 6 to be inserted into a drill hole 47, not shown in Fig. 1, can be arranged. so that they can be connected in an efficient manner to the drill pipes 5 and casing pipes 6 already in the borehole 47 on the one hand and the drive 4 or the preventer coupling 26 on the other hand. The casing pipe e, which has been prepared for feeding into the borehole 47 and is approximately horizontally aligned in Fig. 1 and which is clamped in the clamping device, is thus brought into an approximately vertical position by the clamping device, which can be pivoted about a horizontal axis, in order in a later process step in to be introduced into the borehole 47 and to be arranged between the casing pipes 6 already in the borehole 47 and the preventer coupling 26 .

In order to make the proportions of the exemplary embodiment of the drilling machine according to the invention visible, a person is also shown who, for example, manually inserts the casing pipes 6 into the clamping device. The drill shown in the embodiment can be set up easily by one or two people without damaging outdoor facilities. For this purpose, the individual components of the drill, which can be releasably connected, can be moved manually, for which purpose handles 50 are attached in particular to the drill table halves 2 .

In addition, it can be seen in FIG. 1 that the drilling machine 1 is connected to a subsurface 39 or a ground 10 with four ground anchors 9 . This makes it possible, in particular, to apply axial forces with the drill pipe 5 or the casing pipe 6 downwards via the drill rig 3, which are greater than a weight force of the Drill 1. As a result, drill 1 can be designed to be lightweight, which in particular makes transport to a drilling position much easier compared to drills 1 of the prior art and in particular transport over the last few meters of an outdoor facility can also be carried out manually.

2 shows an anchor assembly jig 15 which has openings 16 corresponding to the ground anchors 9 arranged on the drilling table and a drilling axis marking 17 corresponding to a position of the drilling axis 7 on the drilling table. To insert the ground anchor 9 into a substrate 39 as one of the first steps when installing the drill 1 at a drilling position, the anchor installation jig 15 is arranged at the drilling position in such a way that the drilling axis marking 17 is positioned directly above the planned drill hole 47. Positions on the ground 10 at which the ground anchors 9 are to be introduced into the ground 10 can then be easily marked via the openings 16 in order to be able to connect the drilling table to the ground anchors 9 in such a way that the drilling axis 7 is at the desired drilling position.

The drill table can then be installed by a single person, for example, by first removing any superficial root system or the like with an excavator shovel or by hand, after which a drilling site marking rod is hammered in at the position of the desired borehole 47 . In a further step, if necessary, rock can be chiseled away in an area of the marking. In a next step, the soil 10 is usually compacted with a tamper in an area of the markings until the anchor assembly jig 15 can be placed essentially in a horizontal plane, after which the positions of the ground anchors 9 can be checked through the openings 16 of the anchor assembly jig 15 marked with spray paint.

As an alternative or in addition to marking with paint spray, the positions of the ground anchor clamping devices 12 can also be marked by marking rods which are punched through the openings 16 in order to later be able to place the ground anchor clamping device 12 on these marking rods. If a ground anchor clamping device 12 is connected to the ground 10 by more than one ground anchor 9, the positions of the ground anchors 9 are determined in a next step, after the ground anchor clamping devices 12 have been positioned accordingly through recesses 14 in the ground anchor clamping devices 12.

In a next step, a ground anchor 9 is hammered into each of the marked positions with a hydraulic hammer or a percussion tool or the like, with the ground anchors 9 possibly being able to be fixed in the ground 10 with quick-acting cement.

The anchor assembly jig 15 makes it easy to mark the positions at which the ground anchors 9 are to be inserted into the ground 10 or via which the ground anchors 9 are to be connected to the drill table, if necessary via a coupling device such as a ground anchor clamping device 12 get connected. The soil 10 can then be appropriately prepared at these positions, in particular compacted. A precise position of the ground anchors 9 can optionally also be fixed in a later step by means of the coupling device or a ground anchor clamping device 12 .

The ground anchors 9 can protrude several meters into the ground 10 in order to achieve a particularly stable connection. In order to be able to easily drill holes into which ground anchors 9 are introduced, possibly with a cordless drill, provision can also be made for the ground anchors 9 or the holes required for them to be less than 2 m, in particular less than 1.5 m m, preferably less than 1.0 m, particularly preferably 0.4 m to 0.9 m, protrude into the ground 10 or the subsoil 39.

Although four ground anchors 9 are shown in the exemplary embodiment, the invention can of course also be fixed to the ground 39 with fewer, for example one, two, three, or more, for example five, six, seven or eight, ground anchors 9 .

The ground anchors 9 are particularly preferably arranged approximately regularly around the drilling position, for example in the form of four corner points of a rectangle, as shown.

In a further step, a ground anchor clamping device 12 is placed on each ground anchor 9 . A section through a corresponding ground anchor clamping device 12 is shown in FIG. As can be seen in Fig. 3, the ground anchor clamping device 12 has a base plate 13 with a recess 14 through which the ground anchor 9 protrudes through a hollow coupling cylinder 36 of the ground anchor clamping device 12 and the ground anchor clamping device 12 or the coupling cylinder 36 also surmounts an upper end. As can be seen in Fig. 3, the ground anchor 9 is connected to the ground anchor clamping device 12 at an upper end via a nut 37 which engages in an external thread of the ground anchor 9 and which presses on a centering bolt 41, which in turn presses on plate springs 11, which a disk spring receptacle 42 for the disk springs 11 are supported on the ground anchor clamping device 12. This achieves an axially resilient connection between the ground anchor 9 and the ground anchor tensioning device 12, so that by tightening the head-side nut 37 both the ground anchor tensioning device 12 and the ground anchor 9 itself can be subjected to a pretension. For connecting the ground anchor clamping device 12 to the drilling table, drilling table connections 38 are arranged on the coupling cylinder 36 on an external thread such that they can be moved vertically or screwed. These drilling table connections 38 can also have disc springs 11 in order to be able to couple the drilling table to the outer cylinder in a resilient manner.

Fig. 3a shows a top view of another ground anchor clamping device 12. The ground anchor clamping device 12 shown here also has a base plate 13 and a coupling cylinder 36, via soft coupling cylinder 36 a drill table with that of the base plate 13 and thus with the subsurface 39 can be coupled is. In contrast to the ground anchor tensioning device 12 illustrated in FIG. Because of the recesses of different dimensions, ground anchors of different sizes can be easily connected to the base plate 13 . In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3a, up to eight ground anchors 9 can thus be coupled to the base plate 13. For this purpose, the recesses 14 are arranged regularly around the coupling cylinder 36 . Several recesses 14 in the base plate 13 are also advantageous if, for example, only two or four ground anchors 9 are required to fix the ground anchor tensioning device 12 accordingly to the base 39 . Thus, with a corresponding number of recesses 14, it is easy to switch to another recess 14 if it is shown, for example, that no ground anchor 9 can be introduced into the ground 10 at a position of a recess 14, for example due to rocks or the like arranged underneath. The recesses 14 are not circular, as shown, but have an elongated hole in which there is a circular hole. This makes it possible in a simple manner to connect the ground anchors 9 to the base plate 13 so that they are secured against twisting, and thus to prevent the ground anchors 9 from being loosened unintentionally as a result of rotation.

A method step in which four ground anchor clamping devices 12 are connected to the four ground anchors 9 but the drill table is not yet coupled to the ground anchors 9 is shown in FIG. The ground anchors 9 are arranged in bores in the subsoil 39 as shown, which protrude about 0.5 m to 1.5 m into the ground 10 . Correspondingly near-surface bores can be made in particular with a cordless drill, which is easy to handle manually. Drilling deeper could require the use of a heavier drill rig as there is a higher risk of hitting rocky rock. Four bores with a depth of about 1.5 m, six bores with a depth of 0.65 m or twelve bores with a depth of, for example, 0.81 m are preferably drilled into the subsoil 39, after which a corresponding number and correspondingly long ground anchors 9 be introduced into the subsoil 39 in order to couple the drilling machine 1 to the subsoil 39 .

As can be seen, for this purpose lower drilling table connections 38 are arranged on the coupling cylinders 36, on which the drilling table halves 2 can be supported. A vertical displaceability of the drill table connections 38 relative to the coupling cylinders 36, which is realized via an external thread on the coupling cylinders 36 and a corresponding internal thread on the drill table connections 38, an exactly horizontal alignment of the drill table can be achieved in a simple manner.

Subsequently, the individual halves of the drill table 2 are each connected to two ground anchors 9 via the ground anchor clamping devices 12 . A situation in which a first drilling table half 2 is arranged on two ground anchors 9 is shown in FIG. The drilling table half 2, which essentially consists of shaped tubes 20 formed weldment can be formed, is arranged on a movable in the vertical direction drill table connection to the ground anchor clamping device 12. As can be seen in FIG. 3, two such drill table connections 38 are provided, whereby the drill table half 2 can be clamped on the ground anchor clamping device 12 between the two drill table connections 38. The drill table connection can, for example, have an internal thread on the inside and can thus be moved in the vertical direction via an external thread on the cylindrical part of the ground anchor clamping device 12 . The drill table connection can also have a spring element, such as a plate spring 11 in particular, in order to achieve a resilient connection between the drill table or the individual drill table halves 2 and the ground anchor clamping device 12 .

FIG. 6 shows a situation in which both drilling table halves 2 are arranged on the respective ground anchor clamping devices 12 . In addition, the individual drill table halves 2 are already connected to one another in the situation shown in Fig. 6, namely via the drill table connector 19 arranged at the end Drill table connections 38, which are designed here as plate springs 11 as shown in Fig. 3, are connected to the ground anchors 9, so that in addition to a pre-stress caused by the weight of the drill table, a pre-stress caused by the tension of the plate springs 11 by means of the nut 37 at the head is applied can.

FIG. 7 shows a subsequent method step, wherein the ground anchor clamping devices 12 are coupled to the ground anchors 9 via cup springs 11 on the head side, as shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 shows a method step following the method step illustrated in FIG. 7, wherein the carriage adapter 18 connected to the drill table halves 2 and the drill carriage 3 coupled to it can be seen. The drill carriage 3 is thus not directly coupled to the drill table halves 2, but only via the carriage adapter 18 and resiliently connected to the ground 39 via the drill table halves 2 and the ground anchor clamping devices 12, so that vibrations of the drilling process are transmitted the disc springs 11 are at least partially filtered or dampened in order to achieve a low dynamic mechanical load on the ground anchor 9.

As shown in Fig. 8, the drill carriage 3 is movably connected to the carriage adapter 18 via a displacement cylinder 49, so that not only a carriage attached to the drill carriage 3 can be moved vertically, but the entire drill carriage 3. This makes it possible on the one hand to move the drill carriage 3 to press with the displacement cylinder 49 against the ground 39 in particular to transmit lateral forces directly via the drill mast 3 to the ground 39 and thus relieve the drill table. On the other hand, by moving the drill mount 3 with the shift cylinder 49 relative to the drill table, a vertical downward force can also be applied to a casing pipe e connected to the drill mount 3, for example to insert a casing pipe e designed as a starter casing pipe 6 into an uncased borehole 47 to press. The starter jacket tube 6 is usually shorter than one of the later introduced jacket tubes 6, especially since the starter jacket tube is usually adapted to a length of the down-the-hole-hammer. This can be particularly useful at the beginning of the drilling process. For a particularly good power transmission between the drill carriage 3 and the ground 39, a stabilizer plate (not shown) can be connected to the ground 39 via ground anchors 9 under the drill carriage 3, with which the drill carriage 3 can be positively releasably connected.

In addition, it is usually provided that a casing pipe clamp 25 and a drill pipe clamp 24 are connected to the drill mount 3 , which can thus also be moved vertically with the drill mount 3 via the displacement cylinder 49 . As shown in Fig. 8, the drill carriage 3 is movably connected to the carriage adapter 18 via a displacement cylinder 49, so that not only a carriage attached to the drill carriage 3 can be moved vertically, but the entire drill carriage 3. This makes it possible on the one hand to move the drill carriage 3 to press with the displacement cylinder 49 against the ground 39 in particular to transmit lateral forces directly via the drill mast 3 to the ground 39 and thus relieve the drill table. On the other hand, by moving the drill mount 3 with the shift cylinder 49 relative to the drill table, a vertical force can also be applied downwards to a casing pipe e connected to the drill mount 3, for example to convert a casing pipe e designed as a starter casing pipe 6 into an uncased drilled hole 47 to press. This can be particularly useful at the beginning of the drilling process.

In addition, it is usually provided that a casing pipe clamp pliers 25 and a drill pipe clamp pliers 24 are connected to the drill carriage 3 , which can thus also be moved vertically with the drill carriage 3 via the hydraulically actuatable displacement cylinder 49 .

9 to 12 show various process steps when attaching the drill carriage 3 together with the carriage adapter 18 to the drill table halves 2. As can be seen, the drill carriage 3 together with the carriage adapter 18 is transported to the drill table with a movable trailer 35, after which the drill carriage 3 together with the carriage adapter 18 is preferably transported erected with a hand crank and then the carriage adapter 18 is coupled to the drilling table halves 2, as shown in FIG.

In addition, a clamping table 21 can be seen in Fig. 10 to 12, which has a receptacle 23 for a casing pipe 6 or a drill pipe 5, which receptacle 23 can be pivoted about a pivot axis 22, so that the casing pipe 6 or the drill pipe 5 can be easily horizontal position, in which the corresponding pipe is delivered manually, for example, can be brought into a vertical position in order to connect the pipe to the drive 4 and pipes already in the borehole 47 .

Fig. 13 shows another view of the drill carriage 3 including the carriage adapter 18. As can be seen, a drill pipe clamp 24 and a casing pipe clamp 25 are also provided at a lower end of the drill rig 3, with which the casing pipe 6 and the drill pipe 5 can be clamped if necessary can be fixed during the procedure. If necessary, a jacket tube breaking device can be provided, with which a rotation can be applied to the jacket tube 6 in order to be able to reliably loosen a screw connection between two jacket tubes 6 or to be able to break the thread 30 loose. This can be implemented structurally, for example, by a hydraulic cylinder. It can also be seen in FIG. 13 that a so-called floating spindle 51 is connected to the drive 4, via which the preventer coupling 26 (not shown in FIG. 13) can be connected to the drive 4. This floating spindle 51 allow a axially resilient and damping connection of the preventer coupling 26 to the drive 4, so that vibrations of the drill pipes 5 are not transmitted unfiltered to the drive 4 in order to reduce mechanical stress on the drive 4.

14 shows the carriage adapter 18 without the drill carriage 3. As can be seen, the carriage adapter 18 has a base body which can be detachably connected to the drill table halves 2 and to which the drill carriage 3 can be detachably attached.

A drive 4 can also be seen on the drill carriage 3, which can be moved in translation relative to the carriage adapter 18 along the drilling direction 8 and with which a drill pipe 5 can be rotated about the drilling axis 7 in order to carry out the drilling.

The drill pipe 5 is preferably not coupled directly to the drive 4, but via a preventer coupling 26, which is shown in connection with the drive 4 in FIG. The preventer coupling 26 is coupled in a torsionally rigid manner to the drive 4 on the one hand and to the casing pipe 6 and the drill pipe 5 on the other hand. In order to be able to move the preventer coupling 26 along the drilling direction 8, it is arranged on the drill mast 3 on a carriage so that it can be moved in a translatory manner, the carriage being movable by means of the carriage drive 40, not shown here.

A coupling which is resilient in the direction of rotation and/or dampens in the direction of rotation can be arranged between the preventer coupling 26 and the drive 4, in particular a so-called floating spindle which has a floating coupling flange at the end. In conjunction with the floating coupling flange, this floating spindle dampens vibrations during the drilling process, which protects the drive and filters and dampens vibrations on the drill table.

16 to 21 show details of the preventer clutch 26, the preventer clutch 26 being shown in FIG. 16 in a sectional view. The preventer coupling 26 has a lateral outlet 43 to in a space between drill pipe 5 and casing pipe e funded drill cuttings, which by means of a compressed air flushing from the Hole 47 is removed to be able to discharge from this space. This lateral outlet 43 usually does not rotate during operation.

16 shows in a left area the outlet 43 or a so-called preventer ejection pipe and in a right area a jacket pipe connection 28 having a thread 30, via which jacket pipe connection 28 a jacket pipe e can be coupled torsionally rigid with the preventer coupling 26. The casing pipe connection 28 can be set in a rotational movement about the drilling axis 7, which is why this threaded connection is connected to the outlet 43 via a preventer bearing, which enables a relative rotational movement between the outlet 43 and the threaded connection. Also provided is a drill pipe connection 29 which also has a thread 30 and to which a drill pipe 5 can be connected in a torsionally rigid manner in order to set the drill pipe 5 in a rotational movement about the drilling axis 7 by means of the drive 4 .

In order to be able to alternately connect the casing pipe 6 or the drill pipe 5 or the casing pipe connection 28 or the drill pipe connection 29 to the drive 4, the preventer coupling 26 has a drive shaft 27 which can be coupled to either the casing pipe 6 or the drill pipe 5 via a coupling element 31 is. In the situation shown in FIG. 16, the positive-locking elements, which enable the coupling element 31 to be coupled to the drill pipe connection 29, are engaged, so that in this situation the drive 4 is coupled to the drill pipe 5 but not to the casing pipe 6. These positive-locking elements are designed as claws 33 .

17 shows the drive shaft 27 of the preventer coupling 26 in detail, which is resiliently coupled to the drive 4 via a flange 44 and is designed as a toothed shaft. In principle, a rotationally rigid coupling of drive 4 and preventer coupling 26 can also be provided. Alternatively, the drive shaft 27 can of course also be designed in a different way. The drive shaft 27 is preferably designed for a form-fitting coupling, in particular as a toothed shaft or with an external hexagonal profile or the like.

A coupling element 31 is mounted on the toothed shaft so that it can be displaced in a translatory manner along the drilling axis 7 or a rotational axis of the drive 4 and the drive shaft 27, which has claws 33 at the end, which interact with corresponding claws 33 on the drill pipe connection 29 . If the drive shaft 27 is designed as a splined shaft, as in the exemplary embodiment, the coupling element 31 has an inner contour that corresponds to the splined shaft, so that a torque can be transmitted. It goes without saying that the drive shaft 27 can also be designed for this purpose, for example, with an equal thickness, an external hexagon or the like as the outer contour. In this case, of course, the coupling element 31 is also designed with a corresponding contour on the inner radius in order to ensure a form fit with axial displaceability.

Furthermore, the coupling element 31 has carriers 32 on the circumference, which correspond to carrier wings coupled to the casing pipe connection 28 . Furthermore, the coupling element 31 has internal teeth corresponding to the toothed shaft of the drive shaft 27, so that a torque from the drive 4 is transmitted to the coupling element 31 via the drive shaft 27, the external teeth on the drive shaft 27 and the internal teeth on the coupling element 31. Depending on an axial position of the coupling element 31, the rotation of the drive 4 is subsequently transmitted by the flange 44 either to the casing pipe connection 28 and thus a casing pipe 6 connected thereto or to the drill pipe connection 29 and thus a drill pipe 5 connected thereto.

In this context, Fig. 18 shows the drive shaft 27, the coupling element 31 and the drill pipe connection 29, the coupling element 31 being arranged in an axial position in which the claws 33 are in engagement with claws 33 of the drill pipe connection 29, so that a rotational movement from the drive 4 can be transferred via the flange 44 and the coupling element 31 to the drill pipe connection 29 and a drill pipe 5 that may be connected thereto.

19 shows the same components of the preventer coupling 26 as in FIG. There is therefore no coupling of the drive shaft 27 to the drill pipe connection 29 . However, here the drivers 32 engage in the driver wings of the casing pipe connection 28, which is not shown here so that in this axial position of the coupling element 31 a rotation of the drive 4 can be transmitted to the casing pipe connection 28 and a casing pipe 6 which is optionally connected thereto.

A switching process by axially moving the coupling element 31 takes place by means of a hydraulic drive via an actuating cylinder 45, which can be seen in FIG. An axial movement of the actuating cylinder 45 causes the coupling element to be displaced axially, for example via positive-locking elements that protrude radially through the casing pipe connection 28 and are mounted so that they can move axially in the casing pipe connection 28, in order to loosen or close a positive-locking connection between the coupling element 31 and the drill pipe connection 29 or between to reach the coupling element and the casing pipe connection 28 . For example, it can also be provided that a mechanism is provided which converts an axial movement of the actuating cylinder into a radial movement of driver wings, which then form a positive connection with the driver in order to axially displace the coupling element.

20 shows a section through the preventer coupling 26, with the drive shaft 27, the coupling element 31, the drill pipe connection 29 and the jacket pipe connection 28 as well as the actuating cylinder 45 being visible. As can also be seen, the coupling element 31 is axially prestressed by a coupling spring 46 so that when the preventer actuating cylinder 45 is moved back, it is correspondingly moved axially by the coupling spring 46 and engages in the claws 33 of the drill pipe connection 29 . The clutch spring 46 is tensioned when the jacket tube 6 is driven via the jacket tube connection 28 . If the drill pipe 5 is driven, the coupling spring 46 causes the coupling element 31 to close with the drill pipe connection 29 .

Fig. 21 shows a mobile drilling device, the drilling machine 1 being dismantled for drilling and being arranged entirely on the trailer 35 which is part of the mobile drilling device. As can be seen, the corresponding trailer 35 can be easily coupled to a conventional car and thus easily moved to a drilling site. To move the trailer 35 off-road, a manipulator that can be detachably connected to the trailer 35 can also be provided, which contains a travel drive that can have caterpillars, for example. The individual components of the drilling machine 1 are in turn comparatively lightweight, so that they can be transported by a single person from the trailer 35 to a drilling site in order to form the drilling machine 1 only at the drilling site by assembling the individual components. As a result, damage to outdoor facilities and the like is avoided in a simple manner.

22a to 22n show diagrammatically different states of a drilling machine 1 according to the invention during a drilling process or a so-called pipe run, wherein a top edge 48 of the terrain is also shown, from which the borehole 47 extends into the subsoil 39 or into the soil 10. In particular, it can be seen in FIGS. 22a to 22n how new pipes are inserted during a drilling operation.

Fig. 22a shows in an upper area the preventer coupling 26 connected to the drive 4 with casing pipe connection 28 and drill pipe connection 29 and in a lower area the lower ends of casing pipe 6 and drill pipe 5, with a wing hammer 34 on the end of drill pipe 5 for drilling the borehole 47 is arranged in the underground 39 . The casing 6 shown in FIG. 22a is designed as a starter casing 6 and the drill pipe 5 shown is designed as a starter drill pipe 5 . Starter drill pipe 5 and starter casing pipe 6 are designed to further develop borehole 47 at a lower end and to be connected to another drill pipe 5 or casing pipe 6 only at an upper end, usually via a thread 30. All later supplied drill pipes 5 and casing pipes 6, on the other hand, are designed to be connected to corresponding pipes on both sides. The starter drill pipe 5 and the starter casing pipe 6 are usually shorter than all other drill pipes 5 and casing pipes 6.

Provision can be made for the starter casing tube to have a cutting crown at a lower end in order to be able to more easily detach surrounding soil from a borehole wall, which soil cannot be reached by the drill bit.

The wing hammer 34 is not mandatory, but the method can also be implemented, for example, using only a down-the-hole hammer with a standard drill bit. A wing hammer 34 is usually only used when there is a large skin friction is to be expected. A drill hole diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the jacket pipes 6 can often also be achieved with a conventional down-the-hole hammer with a standard drill bit.

It goes without saying that the preventer coupling 26 and the drive 4 are arranged on the drill carriage 3, not shown here, which is connected to the subsurface 39 via the carriage adapter 18, also not shown, and the drill table halves 2. The arrangement of drill mount 3, mount adapter 18 and drill table halves 2 corresponds to the structure shown in FIG. The preventer coupling 26 can thus be moved translationally along the drilling axis 7 relative to the subsoil 39 by means of the carriage of the drilling rig 3 in order to be able to introduce drill pipes 5 and jacket pipes 6 into the drilled hole 47 .

During the drilling process, the drill carriage 3 is usually pressed against the subsurface 39 by means of the displacement cylinder 49, not shown in FIGS. The drilling rig 3 can usually be detached from the stabilizer plate fixed to the ground by lifting the drilling rig 3 .

22a also shows the drill pipe clamps 24 and the jacket pipe clamps 25, with which drill pipe 5 and jacket pipe 6 can be detachably fixed. When the borehole 47 is drilled into the subsoil 39, the drill pipe clamp 24 and the jacket pipe clamp 25 are open, as shown in FIG. 22a. This can be seen from the fact that the drill pipe clamps 24 and casing pipe clamps 25 are shown at a distance from the drill pipe 5 and the casing pipe 6 . In this situation, a hole can be made in the subsoil 39 by the drive 4 being rotationally coupled to the drill pipe 5 via the preventer coupling 26 and an axial force in the drilling direction 8 being applied with a carriage of the drill carriage 3 . The casing pipe e usually does not rotate when the bore is drilled into the subsoil 39, but is merely pressed into the subsoil 39 along the drilling direction 8, ie vertically.

The borehole is usually flushed with compressed air, so that drill cuttings, i.e. rock shattered during drilling, are pushed through a gap between by means of the compressed air Drill pipe 5 and casing pipe 6 is discharged upwards and through outlet 43 . Alternatively, rinsing with a liquid would of course also be possible.

When the borehole 47 has reached a depth which corresponds to the length of the drill pipe 5 or an integral multiple thereof and drilling is to continue, a new drill pipe 5 and a new casing pipe 6 are placed between the preventer coupling 26 and those already in the drill hole 47 Drill pipe 5 and casing pipe 6 inserted.

At the beginning of the drilling process, the starter drill pipe 5 is connected directly to the preventer coupling 26 and a bore is drilled into the ground 10 starting from the top edge 48 of the ground. When this borehole 47 reaches a depth which corresponds to a length of starter casing pipe 5, the starter casing pipe is pressed into the borehole, with a corresponding axial force being exerted, for example with the displacement cylinder 49, not shown in FIGS. 22a to 22n, via the drill mount the starter jacket tube 6 can be applied. Subsequently, the preventer coupling 26 is released from the starter casing 5 in order to arrange further pipes between the starter casing 5 and the starter casing 6 in the borehole 47 on the one hand and the preventer coupling 26 on the other hand.

FIG. 22a shows such a situation, with the drill pipe 5 resting on the bottom of the borehole at the lower end of the borehole 47. FIG.

To insert a new drill pipe 5 and a new casing pipe 6 between the starter drill pipe 5 and starter casing pipe 6 on the one hand and the preventer coupling 26 on the other hand, the drill pipe 5 together with the butterfly hammer 34 is then lifted so that the drill pipe 5 can be rotated effortlessly. For this purpose, the wing hammer 34 is closed so that it can be positioned completely in the jacket tube e. The drill pipe 5 is then raised via the drill pipe connection 29 and the preventer coupling 26 with the drill rig 3, as shown in FIG. 22b.

The drill pipe 5 is then fixed in this position by the drill pipe clamp 24 and the casing pipe 6 by the casing pipe clamp 25 and the preventer coupling 26 is completely detached from the drill pipe 5 located in the borehole 47 . This situation, in which both the drill pipe collet 24 and the Casing pipe clamps 25 are closed, is shown in FIG.

In a next step, as shown in FIG. 22d, a new drill pipe 5 and a new casing pipe 6 are placed in an area between the preventer coupling 26 and the drill pipe 5 and casing pipe e already in the borehole 47, usually by means of the one shown in FIG. 12, for example Clamping table 21. The wing hammer 34, the casing clamp 25 and the drill pipe clamp 24 remain closed during this time.

As can be seen in FIG. 22e, in a next step the preventer coupling 26 on the drill pipe connection 29 is connected to the newly fed drill pipe 5. In order to prevent undesired movement of drill pipe 5 and casing pipe 6 , drill pipe 5 and casing pipe 6 , which are already in borehole 47 , continue to be clamped or fixed with drill pipe clamp pliers 24 and casing pipe clamp pliers 25 .

After the new drill pipe 5 has been coupled to the drill pipe connection 29 according to FIG Casing pipe connection 28 can be coupled to the new casing pipe 6 by rotating the drive 4 . This can be seen in Figure 22f.

The newly fed casing pipe 6 and the newly fed drill pipe 5 are now connected to the casing pipe connection 28 and the drill pipe connection 29, so that in a next method step the newly fed drill pipe 5 can be connected to the drill pipe 5 already in the borehole 47. This is done by rotating the drill pipe 5 connected to the drill pipe connection 29 so that the drive 4 is again coupled to the drill pipe connection 29 here. For connecting the drill pipe connector 29 to the drill pipe 5 already located in the drill hole 47, the drill pipe clamp 24 remains closed, as can be seen in FIG. 22f. After the drill pipe connector 29 has been connected via the newly fed drill pipe 5 to the drill pipes 5 already in the borehole 47 in a method step following the situation shown in FIG. 22f, the drill pipe clamp 24 is released, as can be seen in FIG. 22g.

It goes without saying that a vertical position of the drill pipe clamp 24 and casing pipe clamp 25 usually remains unchanged during the entire method illustrated in FIGS. 22a to 22n, as can also be seen in the schematic representations.

Subsequently, the coupling element 31 is moved axially again, so that the drive 4 is rotationally coupled to the casing pipe connection 28 in order to connect the new casing pipe e already connected to the casing pipe connection 28 to the casing pipe(s) 6 located in the borehole 47 by rotation , as can be seen in Figure 22h. To couple the jacket pipes 6 already in the borehole 47, these are fixed with the jacket pipe clamps 25 so that the newly fed jacket pipe 6 can be screwed to the jacket pipes 6 already in the borehole 47 via the thread 30 at the end. In the process, the preventer coupling 26 together with the drill pipes 5 and the wing hammer 34 is lowered, which is why these are positioned lower in the procedural state illustrated in FIG. 22h than in the procedural state illustrated in FIG. 22g. However, a position of the jacket pipes 6 already located in the borehole 47 does not change between the method states shown in FIGS. 22g and 22h.

In a next step, the coupling element 31 in the preventer coupling 26 is brought back into a position which enables a rotational coupling of the drive 4 only to the drill pipe connection 29, but not to the casing pipe connection 28, in order to subsequently connect the drill pipe 5 to the drive 4 to drive The wing hammer 34 can now be opened in order to drill a borehole 47 which has a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the casing tube 6 . This situation is illustrated in Figure 22i. The casing pipe clamp 25 is then opened and the wing hammer 34 is set in rotation via the drill pipe 5 and the casing pipe 6 is pressed downwards without rotating in order to drill the hole into the ground 10 .

When the newly fed drill pipe 5 and the newly fed casing pipe 6 are also sunk in the borehole 47, the connection between the preventer coupling 26 and the drill pipe 5 as well as the casing pipe 6 is released again in order to insert a further drill pipe 5 and a further casing pipe 6 between the already in the borehole 47 located and the preventer clutch 26 to arrange.

The wing hammer 34 can be designed in such a way that it opens as soon as a compressed air purge is activated by an opening movement being caused by compressed air. Before a new jacket pipe 6 is supplied, the wing hammer 34 is thus closed by switching off the compressed air flushing when the drilling process is interrupted.

In order to subsequently arrange a further drill pipe 5 and a further casing pipe 6 between those already in the borehole 47 and the preventer coupling 26, the casing pipe 6 is again fixed using the casing pipe clamps 25, as shown in Fig. 22i, so that Fig. 22i shows the situation from Drill pipe clamp 24 and casing pipe clamp 25 shows both before and after drilling. The drive 4 is then connected to the casing pipe connection 28 by a corresponding movement of the coupling element 31 and the casing pipe connection 28 is released from the casing pipes 6 located in the borehole 47 by rotating the casing pipe connection 28 with the drive 4 . Subsequently, the preventer coupling 26 together with the drill pipes 5 and the wing hammer 34 is raised, the drill pipes 5 located in the drill hole 47 being fixed with the drill pipe clamp pliers 24, as shown in FIG. 22j.

The drive 4 is then reconnected to the drill pipe connection 29 by means of the switching device and the drill pipe connection 29 of the preventer coupling 26 is released from the drill pipes 5 located in the drill hole 47 by rotation. Subsequently, the preventer coupling 26 is raised further by means of the drill rig 3 and a new drill pipe 5 and a new casing pipe 6 are fed in and connected to the drill pipe connection 29 and the casing pipe connection 28, as shown in FIG. 22k. The situation shown in Fig. 22k thus essentially corresponds to that in 22f, but here an additional drill pipe 5 and an additional jacket pipe 6 are positioned in the borehole 47 or the borehole 47 is already correspondingly deeper here.

In a next step, the newly fed drill pipe 5 and the newly fed casing pipe 6 are lowered again by means of the drill mount 3 and, with the drill pipe clamp 24 closed, the drill pipes 5 are first connected, after which the drill pipe clamp 24 is opened, as shown in FIG. 22I is.

In a further method step, the casing pipes 6 are screwed together with the casing pipe clamping pliers 25 closed by means of the drive 4, as shown in FIG. 22m.

FIG. 22n shows a method step following the method step shown in FIG. 22m. Here the drill pipe clamps 24 and the jacket pipe clamp 25 are open and the drive 4 is rotationally coupled to the drill pipes 5 via the preventer coupling 26 so that drilling can again be carried out using the open wing hammer 34 . A borehole 47 of any depth can thus be formed by repeating the method steps illustrated in FIGS. 22a to 22n.

Correspondingly, any number of drill pipes 5 can be inserted into the borehole 47, with the drilling machine 1 according to the invention usually being used for drilling boreholes for geothermal applications with a depth of 15 meters to 45 meters.

After the desired depth has been reached, brine lines are then introduced into the borehole 47 in the case of geothermal use. Alternatively, the hole can of course also be used as a well. In this case, the borehole 47 is usually stabilized in a manner which is usual for well drilling.

A drilling machine 1 according to the invention and a corresponding method make it possible to drill holes for heat pumps, wells or the like in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner in soil 10, with damage to Outdoor facilities can be avoided due to the lightweight of the individual components and the assembly of the drill 1 on site. Due to the individual, lightweight parts, the drilling machine 1 can optionally also be assembled and operated by just one person, so that a reduced personnel requirement is also achieved.

Claims

38 patent claims

1. Drilling machine (1), in particular for producing geological bores with a depth of 8 m to 45 m, having a drilling table which can be connected to a subsurface (39) and a drilling rig (3) on which a drive (4th ), with which a drilling tube (5) detachably connected to the drive (4) can be set in rotation about a drilling axis (7), is arranged to be movable along a drilling direction (8), characterized in that the drilling table can be detachably connected to the drilling carriage ( 3) is connected.

2. Drilling machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one, preferably four to 20, ground anchors (9) are provided, through which the drilling table can be connected to a ground (10), the ground anchors (9) up to a depth of less than 2 m, in particular 0.5 m to 1.5 m, can be introduced into the ground (10).

3. Drilling machine (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the ground anchors (9) are coupled to the drilling table in a working position via spring and/or damper elements in the vertical direction, with in particular a prestressing of the spring and/or damper elements is adjustable.

4. Drilling machine (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one, preferably each, ground anchor (9) is coupled to the drilling table via a ground anchor clamping device (12), which ground anchor clamping device (12) is detachable with the Drilling table connected and releasably connected to the ground anchor (9).

5. Drill (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the ground anchor clamping device (12) has a base plate (13) with at least one recess (14) through which the ground anchor (9) into the ground anchor clamping device (12) can be inserted, the ground anchor (9) being able to be coupled in the vertical direction to the ground anchor tensioning device (12) via a screw connection, the ground anchor tensioning device (12) having spring and/or damping elements, in particular one or more plate springs (11) and / or spiral springs, via which a coupling of the base plate (13) with the ground anchor (9) is possible in the vertical direction. 39

6. Drill (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the base plate (13) of the ground anchor clamping device (12) has two to twelve, in particular three or four, recesses (14) through which a corresponding number of ground anchors (9) protrude , through which the ground anchor clamping device (12) can be connected to the ground (10), the recesses (14) being able to have different sizes.

7. Drill (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the ground anchor clamping device (12) has an anti-twist device for the ground anchor(s) (9) which extends through the recess (14) in the base plate (13). protrude.

8. Drilling machine (1) according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the drilling table with the ground anchor clamping device (12) in a working position of the device (1) in the vertical direction via spring and/or damping elements, in particular one or several disc springs (11), is detachably connected.

9. Drill (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that an anchor assembly jig (15) is provided which markings, in particular openings (16) at positions which correspond to positions at which the ground anchors (9) can be connected to the drilling table, if necessary via coupling devices such as ground anchor clamping devices, so that by marking a piece of soil (10) at the markings, positions for the ground anchors (9) or for coupling devices via which the drilling table is connected to the ground anchors, on the ground (10) can be defined.

10. Drilling machine (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the anchor assembly jig (15) has a drilling axis marking (17) which corresponds to a position of a drilling axis (7), so that positions for the ground anchors (9 ) can be defined in order to be able to drill a hole at the drilling position in the ground (10) with the drilling machine (1) positioned appropriately and fixed by means of the ground anchor (9).

11. Drilling machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drilling table has two drilling table halves (2) which are connected by one 40

Mount adapter (18) can be detachably connected, the drill mount (3) being detachably connectable to the drill table via the mount adapter (18).

12. Drilling machine (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the drill carriage (3) is connected to the carriage adapter (18) via a displacement cylinder (49), through which the drill carriage (3) is positioned in the vertical direction relative to the carriage adapter (18). is movable.

13. Drilling machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the drilling table has two detachably connectable drilling table halves (2), each drilling table half (2) being connectable to a base (39) at two positions via ground anchors (9). is provided, in particular a drill table connector (19) through which the drill table halves (2) can be connected at the ends.

14. Drilling machine (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the drilling table halves (2) have shaped tubes (20), in particular square tubes, or are formed by such shaped tubes (20).

15. Drilling machine (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a clamping table (21) which can be releasably connected to the drilling table is provided with a receptacle (23) which can be swiveled about a swiveling axis (22) for a casing pipe (6), so that a jacket pipe (6) and/or drill pipe (5) detachably connected to the holder (23) can be brought into a vertical position by pivoting the holder (23) in order to couple the jacket pipe (6) to the drive (4). .

16. Drilling machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a casing pipe (6) surrounding the drilling pipe (5) can be detachably connected to the drilling machine (1) in such a way that during drilling with the drilling machine (1) a continuous vertical force can be applied to the jacket tube (6), the vertical force preferably being variable in a defined manner, in particular being controllable.

17. Drilling machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a casing pipe (6) surrounding the drilling pipe (5) is detachably connected to the drilling machine (1). can be coupled in such a way that the jacket pipe (6) can be rotated about the drilling axis (7), in particular by means of the drive (4).

18. Drilling machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a drill pipe clamp (24) is provided, with which the drill pipe (5) can be releasably fixed.

19. Drilling machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that a jacket tube clamping pliers (25) is provided, with which the jacket tube (6) can be releasably fixed.

20. Drill (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the jacket tube (6) via a preventer coupling (26) with the device (1) can be coupled, the preventer coupling (26) having at least one has a lateral outlet (43) via which drill cuttings can be discharged from the jacket pipe (6).

21. Drilling machine (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that the preventer coupling (26) can be coupled to the drive (4) on the one hand and to both the drill pipe (5) and the jacket pipe (6) on the other hand, the Preventer coupling (26) has a switching device in order to be able to transfer a rotation of the drive (4) either to the drill pipe (5) or to the casing pipe (6).

22. Drilling machine (1) according to claim 21, characterized in that the switching device has a drive shaft (27) that can be connected rigidly, resiliently and/or dampingly to the drive (4), in particular a splined shaft, a jacket pipe connection (28) with which the jacket pipe (6), in particular via a thread (30), and has a drill pipe connection (29) to which the drill pipe (5) can be rigidly connected, in particular via a thread (30), wherein a coupling element (31 ) is provided, which can be moved along the drilling axis (7) relative to the drive shaft (27) between two working positions, with the coupling element (31), the drill pipe (5) and the jacket pipe (6) having corresponding positive-locking elements, so that the coupling element (31 ) is rotationally coupled to the casing pipe (6) in a first working position and rotationally coupled to the drill pipe (5) in a second working position, wherein the Coupling element (31) is rotationally coupled both in the first and in the second working position with the drive shaft (27), in particular via a toothing.

23. Drill (1) according to claim 22, characterized in that a switchover drive, in particular a hydraulic drive, is provided, by which the coupling element (31) can be moved from the first working position into the second working position.

24. Drill (1) according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the form-fitting elements have claws (33).

25. Drilling machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that a down-the-hole hammer is arranged at the end on the drill pipe (5).

26. Drilling machine (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 25, characterized in that a drill head is arranged on the end of the drill pipe (5) and has a variable cross section, in particular a wing hammer (34), so that the cross section of the drill head during operation can be larger than an inside diameter of a casing (6) which encloses the drill pipe (5) and through which the drill head can be removed from the borehole (47) when the drill pipe (5) is not rotating.

27. Mobile drilling device comprising a drilling machine (1) for producing a bore according to one of claims 1 to 26 and a movable trailer (35) with wheels, which can be coupled to a motor vehicle in order to be able to transport the drilling machine (1) over a road , wherein the drilling machine (1) can be arranged entirely on the trailer (35) in a disassembled state.

28. A method for producing a bore, in particular for producing a geological bore with a depth of 8 m to 45 m, characterized in that a drill table is first arranged at a drilling position, after which a drill carriage (3) with a drive ( 4), with which a drilling pipe (5) detachably connected to the drive (4) can be set in rotation about a drilling axis (7), is arranged to be movable along a drilling direction (8), after which the drilling pipe ( 5) connected and the hole is introduced into a soil (10). 43

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that the drill table is coupled to the ground (10) via ground anchors (9).

30. The method according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the drilling table is formed at the drilling position, in particular by detachably coupling two drilling table halves (2).

31. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the drill pipe (5) and a casing pipe (6) surrounding the drill pipe (5) are connected to the drive (4) via a preventer coupling (26) with a switching device A rotational movement of the drive (4) is alternately transmitted via the switching device only to the drill pipe (5) or only to the casing pipe (6).

32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that during drilling, wherein the rotational movement of the drive (4) via the preventer coupling (26) is transmitted only to the drill pipe (5), via the preventer coupling (26) simultaneously an axial force is applied to the jacket tube (6).