WO2023038109A1 - 発電機能付二次電池 - Google Patents
発電機能付二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023038109A1 WO2023038109A1 PCT/JP2022/033837 JP2022033837W WO2023038109A1 WO 2023038109 A1 WO2023038109 A1 WO 2023038109A1 JP 2022033837 W JP2022033837 W JP 2022033837W WO 2023038109 A1 WO2023038109 A1 WO 2023038109A1
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- thermoelectric element
- power generation
- electrodes
- generation function
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6572—Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- This invention relates to a secondary battery with a power generation function that uses thermoelectric elements.
- thermoelectric chargers such as those disclosed in Patent Document 1 have been proposed.
- thermoelectric charger disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a thermoelectric element in which a thermoelectric semiconductor is embedded in a ceramic substrate, electrodes are fixed to the thermoelectric semiconductor, and a second electrode provided on one side of the thermoelectric element. 1 heat exchange section, a second heat exchange section provided on the other side of the thermoelectric element, and means for extracting the output of the thermoelectric element to the outside.
- thermoelectric element in addition to the thermoelectric element using the Seebeck effect as in Patent Document 1, a thermoelectric element that does not require a temperature difference between electrodes has been developed, as in Patent Document 2, for example.
- the power generation element disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a power generation element that converts thermal energy into electrical energy, and is provided with a first electrode facing the first electrode and having a higher potential than the first electrode. and an intermediate portion provided between said first electrode and said second electrode and containing a solvent in which nanoparticles are dispersed.
- JP-A-11-284235 Japanese Patent No. 6942404
- thermoelectric element utilizing the Seebeck effect disclosed in Patent Document 1 when used, it is premised on having a configuration that creates a temperature difference between the electrodes. In particular, it is necessary to maintain the temperature difference between the electrodes for a long time in order to continuously and stably generate power using the thermoelectric element. In this respect, Patent Document 1 assumes that a temperature difference between electrodes is generated by using metal, liquid, or the like. For this reason, since power generation is assumed under conditions where the temperature difference between the electrodes is likely to change, there is a concern that this may lead to unstable power generation.
- thermoelectric element disclosed in Patent Document 2 does not need to generate a temperature difference between electrodes. However, if the heat transferred to the thermoelectric element fluctuates over time, it may lead to unstable power generation, similar to the above thermoelectric element. This point is neither described nor suggested in Patent Document 2.
- the present invention has been devised in view of the above-described problems, and its object is to provide a secondary battery with a power generation function capable of achieving stable power generation.
- a secondary battery with a power generation function is a secondary battery with a power generation function that uses a thermoelectric element, is in contact with a heat medium that exhibits a temperature higher than the outside air, and does not require a temperature difference between the electrodes. and a secondary battery electrically connected to the thermoelectric element, wherein the thermoelectric element includes a pair of electrodes having work functions different from each other.
- thermoelectric element includes an intermediate portion provided between the pair of electrodes and containing a non-conductor layer containing fine particles, the non-conductor A layer is characterized by supporting the pair of electrodes.
- a secondary battery with a power generation function according to a third invention is characterized in that, in the first invention or the second invention, the pair of electrodes are sandwiched between the heat mediums.
- a secondary battery with a power generation function according to a fourth invention is the secondary battery according to any one of the first to third inventions, wherein the heat medium includes a casing of the secondary battery, and the thermoelectric element includes the casing. It is characterized by being provided in contact with.
- a secondary battery with a power generation function is the secondary battery according to the fourth aspect, wherein the heat medium includes a heat storage section that stores heat energy, and the thermoelectric element is disposed between the housing section and the heat storage section. It is characterized by being provided in contact with.
- a secondary battery with a power generation function according to a sixth invention is a secondary battery with a power generation function according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, wherein the heat medium includes a container in which the thermoelectric element and the secondary battery are installed, and the thermoelectric element is , in contact with the inner wall of the container.
- a secondary battery with a power generation function according to a seventh invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to third inventions, the heat medium includes a circuit board, and the thermoelectric element is in contact with the circuit board. .
- thermoelectric element and the secondary battery are provided on the same main surface of the circuit board.
- a secondary battery with a power generation function is the secondary battery in the seventh aspect, wherein the heat medium includes a casing of the secondary battery, and the thermoelectric element is formed between the circuit board and the casing. It is characterized by being provided in between.
- a secondary battery with a power generation function is, in any one of the first to fourth aspects of the invention, wherein the heat transfer medium includes a drive section to which electric power is supplied from the secondary battery, and the thermoelectric element is: It is characterized by being in contact with the drive section.
- the thermoelectric element is in contact with a heat medium exhibiting a temperature higher than the outside air. Therefore, it is possible to suppress variation in heat transferred to the thermoelectric element over time. This makes it possible to achieve stable power generation.
- the intermediate portion includes a non-conductor layer containing fine particles. That is, the non-conductor layer suppresses movement of the fine particles between the electrodes. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the fine particles from becoming unevenly distributed on one electrode side over time and reducing the amount of movement of electrons. This makes it possible to stabilize the power generation amount.
- the non-conductor layer supports the pair of electrodes. Therefore, compared to the case where a solvent or the like is used instead of the non-conductive layer, there is no need to provide a support portion or the like for maintaining the distance (gap) between the electrodes, and the gap resulting from the formation accuracy of the support portion is eliminated. Distortion can be removed. This makes it possible to suppress variations in the amount of power generation.
- the pair of electrodes are sandwiched between the heat mediums. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress fluctuations in the heat transferred to the thermoelectric element over time. This makes it possible to achieve more stable power generation.
- thermoelectric element is provided in contact with the casing. Therefore, thermal energy generated from the secondary battery can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element. This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation. In addition, it is possible to effectively utilize exhaust heat generated by using the secondary battery.
- thermoelectric element is provided in contact between the casing and the heat storage section. Therefore, it is possible to easily suppress the temporal change in the amount of thermal energy supplied to the thermoelectric element. This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount.
- thermoelectric element is in contact with the inner wall of the container. Therefore, thermal energy transferred to the container can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element. This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- thermoelectric element is in contact with the circuit board. Therefore, thermal energy generated on the circuit board by arithmetic processing or the like can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element. This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation. In addition, exhaust heat generated by arithmetic processing or the like can be effectively used.
- thermoelectric element and the secondary battery are provided on the same main surface of the circuit board. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the heat energy generated from the secondary battery from being retained in the circuit board. This makes it possible to suppress quality degradation such as deterioration of the circuit board and a decrease in computation speed.
- thermoelectric element is provided in contact between the circuit board and the casing. Therefore, it is possible to suppress direct transmission of heat energy generated from the secondary battery to the circuit board. This makes it possible to suppress quality degradation such as deterioration of the circuit board and a decrease in computation speed.
- thermoelectric element is in contact with the drive section. Therefore, thermal energy generated from the drive section can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element. This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation. In addition, exhaust heat generated from the driving section can be effectively used.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a secondary battery with a power generation function according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram showing a first modification of the secondary battery with power generation function in the embodiment
- FIG. 2(b) is a diagram showing a third modification of the secondary battery with power generation function in the embodiment.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing a fourth modification of the secondary battery with power generation function according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the power generation system in the embodiment.
- FIG. 5(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a thermoelectric element in the embodiment
- FIG. 5(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view along AA in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the intermediate portion.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the thermoelectric element according to the embodiment
- FIG. 7B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the thermoelectric element according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the intermediate portion.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the intermediate portion.
- the height direction in which each electrode of the thermoelectric element is laminated is defined as a first direction Z
- one plane direction that intersects, for example, is orthogonal to the first direction Z is defined as a second direction X
- the first direction Z A third direction Y is another plane direction that intersects, for example, is orthogonal to each of the second direction X and the second direction X.
- the configuration in each drawing is schematically described for explanation, and for example, the size of each configuration and the comparison of the size of each configuration may differ from those in the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a secondary battery 100 with a power generation function according to this embodiment.
- the secondary battery 100 with power generation function is electrically connected to known devices that require a power supply, such as electronic devices, electric vehicles, self-contained sensor terminals, and the like.
- the secondary battery 100 with power generation function may also be used, for example, as an auxiliary power source.
- a secondary battery 100 with power generation function includes a thermoelectric element 1 and a secondary battery 2 .
- the thermoelectric element 1 converts thermal energy into electrical energy.
- the secondary battery 2 is electrically connected to the thermoelectric element 1, and is electrically connected to, for example, a driving unit or the like that is driven by power supply.
- the driving section indicates a known driving device such as an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a motor.
- the thermoelectric element 1 includes a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 having work functions different from each other. In this case, when converting thermal energy into electrical energy, a temperature difference between the electrodes becomes unnecessary.
- the thermoelectric element 1 has a first surface 1f and a second surface 1s that intersect with the first direction Z, the first electrode 11 is provided on the first surface 1f side, and the second electrode 12 is provided on the second surface 1s. provided on the side. Between the first electrode 11 and the first surface 1f, and between the second electrode 12 and the second surface 1s, a member such as a substrate or a housing may be provided, or a cavity may be provided. good.
- the thermoelectric element 1 may have the surface of the first electrode 11 as the first surface 1f and the surface of the second electrode 12 as the second surface 1s.
- thermoelectric element 1 is in contact with the heat medium 3 having a temperature higher than the outside air. Therefore, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the heat transferred to the thermoelectric element 1 over time. This makes it possible to achieve stable power generation. Therefore, it is possible to suppress early deterioration of the secondary battery 2, for example.
- the first surface 1f and the second surface 1s of the thermoelectric element 1 are in contact with the heat medium 3, and at least one of the first surface 1f, the second surface 1s, and the side surface is It may be in contact with the heat medium 3 .
- the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 may be sandwiched between the heat mediums 3.
- fluctuations in heat transferred to the thermoelectric element 1 over time can be further suppressed.
- variations in the heat transferred to the electrodes 11 and 12 are suppressed, making it difficult for variations in temperature difference to occur between the electrodes 11 and 12 .
- the entire thermoelectric element 1 may be sandwiched between the heat mediums 3, or at least a portion of the thermoelectric element 1 may be sandwiched between the heat mediums 3.
- the pair of electrodes 11, 12, etc. being “sandwiched” by the heat medium 3 indicates a state in which the pair of electrodes 11, 12, etc. are in contact with the heat medium 3, and may also indicate a state in which they are separated from each other.
- the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 are sandwiched between the first heat medium 3f and the second heat medium 3s, for example, along the first direction Z in which the main surfaces face each other.
- the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 may be sandwiched between the first heat medium 3f and the second heat medium 3s, for example, along the second direction X or the third direction Y parallel to the main surface.
- thermal energy can be continuously supplied to the electrodes 11 and 12 from the heat mediums 3f and 3s.
- the thermoelectric element 1 that does not require a temperature difference between the electrodes, there is no need to consider the degree of thermal energy supplied from each heat medium 3f, 3s, and it is easy to realize continuous and stable power generation. It becomes possible to Details of the thermoelectric element 1 will be described later.
- the secondary battery 2 indicates a known chargeable/dischargeable battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the secondary battery 2 can be charged based on electric power generated by the thermoelectric element 1, for example.
- the type, performance, etc. of the secondary battery 2 can be arbitrarily selected according to the application.
- the heat medium 3 may be any structure as long as it exhibits a temperature higher than the outside air, and may be, for example, a heat source that generates thermal energy.
- the heat medium 3 includes the first heat medium 3f and the second heat medium 3s provided separately, and may also include the first heat medium 3f and the second heat medium 3s provided integrally, for example.
- heat sources include electronic components of electronic devices such as CPUs, light-emitting elements such as LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), engines of automobiles, production equipment in factories, human bodies, sunlight, and environmental temperature.
- Examples of the heat medium 3 include, in addition to the heat sources described above, structures capable of storing heat, such as housings of electronic devices, exhaust heat pipes, glass and frames of solar panels, and car bodies.
- the secondary battery 100 with power generation function includes a charging circuit 5, as shown in FIG. 4, for example.
- a charging circuit 5 for example, a known circuit that is used when charging the secondary battery 2 using energy generation such as the thermoelectric element 1 is used.
- the charging circuit 5 includes a rectifying circuit 51, a smoothing circuit 52, and a voltage limiter 53, for example.
- the charging circuit 5 may include, for example, a boost circuit.
- the rectifier circuit 51 is used, for example, when the polarity of the voltage output from the thermoelectric element 1 changes.
- the smoothing circuit 52 is used, for example, when smoothing the DC voltage output from the thermoelectric element 1 or the rectifier circuit 51 .
- the voltage limiter 53 is used, for example, to prevent excessive voltage from being applied to the secondary battery 2 .
- the heat medium 3 may include the housing portion 21 of the secondary battery 2 .
- the thermoelectric element 1 may be provided in contact with the casing 21, as shown in FIG. That is, the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 are sandwiched between the arbitrary first heat medium 3f and the housing portion 21 corresponding to the second heat medium 3s. Therefore, thermal energy generated from the secondary battery 2 can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation. In addition, exhaust heat generated with the use of the secondary battery 2 can be effectively used.
- thermoelectric elements 1 the temperature of the housing 21 increases as the secondary battery 2 is charged and discharged, and the temperature of the housing 21 tends to be continuously higher than that of the outside air. Therefore, by using the housing portion 21 as the heat medium 3, it is possible to stably supply thermal energy to the thermoelectric elements 1.
- FIG. 1 the housing portion 21 as the heat medium 3, it is possible to stably supply thermal energy to the thermoelectric elements 1.
- the housing part 21 a known secondary battery housing is used, for example, a material with high thermal conductivity is used.
- the container 31 contains the electrodes and the active material of the secondary battery 2, and may contain, for example, arbitrary electronic members, sealing materials, and the like.
- thermoelectric element 1 may be provided between a pair of secondary batteries 2, for example. That is, the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 are connected to the housing portion 21 of one secondary battery 2 corresponding to the first heat medium 3f and the housing portion 21 of the other secondary battery 2 corresponding to the second heat medium 3s. may be sandwiched between Also in this case, thermal energy generated from the secondary battery 2 can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the heat medium 3 may include a heat storage unit that stores heat energy.
- the thermoelectric element 1 is provided in contact between the heat storage section and the housing section 21 . That is, the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 are sandwiched between the heat storage portion corresponding to the first heat medium 3f and the housing portion 21 corresponding to the second heat medium 3s. Therefore, it is possible to easily suppress the temporal change in the amount of thermal energy supplied to the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount.
- the heat storage unit has, for example, a known sensible heat storage material that utilizes the specific heat of a substance.
- a known sensible heat storage material for example, airgel, bricks, etc. are used. Airgel has nano-sized porosity smaller than the mean free path of air molecules, and is made of silica, carbon, alumina, or the like.
- the sensible heat storage material for example, a material exhibiting a specific heat higher than that of glass (for example, 0.67 J/g ⁇ K at 10 to 50° C.) is used.
- the value of specific heat in addition to referring to literature values, measurement results according to JIS K 7123 may be used.
- the heat storage unit may have a latent heat storage material that utilizes transition heat (latent heat) associated with phase change or transition of substances, for example.
- latent heat a known material utilizing phase change such as water or sodium chloride is used.
- the heat storage unit may have, for example, a chemical heat storage material that utilizes endothermic heat generated during a chemical reaction.
- a known material is used as the chemical heat storage material.
- thermoelectric element 1 may be provided between and in contact with a pair of heat storage units. That is, the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 may be sandwiched between one heat storage portion corresponding to the first heat medium 3f and the other heat storage portion corresponding to the second heat medium 3s. Also in this case, it is possible to easily suppress the temporal change in the amount of thermal energy supplied to the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount.
- thermoelectric element 1 may be provided while being included in the heat storage unit. Also in this case, it is possible to easily suppress the temporal change in the amount of thermal energy supplied to the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount. In particular, the temperature difference is less likely to occur in the region where the thermoelectric element 1 is included in the heat storage section. Therefore, it is difficult for a temperature difference to occur between the electrodes 11 and 12, and it is possible to suppress variation in power generation due to a temperature difference between the electrodes.
- the heat medium 3 may include a container 31 in which the thermoelectric element 1 and the secondary battery 2 are installed.
- the thermoelectric element 1 contacts the inner wall of the container 31 . That is, the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 are sandwiched between the inner walls of the container 31 corresponding to the heat medium 3 . Therefore, the thermal energy transmitted to the container 31 can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- thermoelectric element 1 may be in contact with the inner wall of the container 31 and the housing portion 21, as shown in FIG. 2(b), for example. That is, the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 may be sandwiched between the inner wall of the container 31 corresponding to the first heat medium 3f and the housing portion 21 corresponding to the second heat medium 3s. Also in this case, the thermal energy transmitted to the container 31 and the housing portion 21 can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the container 31 a known material that protects electronic components and the like is used, for example, a material with high thermal conductivity is used.
- the container 31 may contain, for example, the thermoelectric element 1 and the secondary battery 2, as well as any electronic member, sealing material, and the like.
- the heat medium 3 may contain a circuit board 4 .
- the thermoelectric element 1 is in contact with the circuit board 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 3(a). That is, the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 are sandwiched between the arbitrary first heat medium 3f and the circuit board 4 corresponding to the second heat medium 3s. Therefore, thermal energy generated on the circuit board 4 by arithmetic processing or the like can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation. In addition, exhaust heat generated by arithmetic processing or the like can be effectively used.
- thermoelectric element 1 and the secondary battery 2 may be provided on the same main surface of the circuit board 4, for example.
- the heat energy generated from the secondary battery 2 can be easily supplied to the thermoelectric element 1 via the circuit board 4, and the heat energy can be suppressed from being retained in the circuit board 4. .
- This makes it possible to suppress deterioration of the circuit board 4 and degradation of quality such as a decrease in computation speed.
- thermoelectric element 1 may be provided in contact between the circuit board 4 and the casing 21, as shown in FIG. 3(b), for example. That is, the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 are sandwiched between the housing portion 21 corresponding to the first heat medium 3f and the circuit board 4 corresponding to the second heat medium 3s. Therefore, direct transmission of thermal energy generated from the secondary battery 2 to the circuit board 4 can be suppressed. This makes it possible to suppress deterioration of the circuit board 4 and degradation of quality such as a decrease in computation speed.
- the circuit board 4 indicates a known board with wiring on which electronic components such as a CPU and transistors are mounted.
- the size and type of the circuit board 4 can be arbitrarily set according to the application.
- the above-described charging circuit 5 may be arranged on the circuit board 4 .
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the power generation system in this embodiment.
- the power generation system includes, for example, a secondary battery 100 with power generation function and a control unit 6, as shown in FIG.
- the secondary battery 100 with power generation function may include, for example, a plurality of thermoelectric elements 1 or a plurality of secondary batteries 2 .
- the control unit 6 includes a known arithmetic processing device such as a CPU, and is implemented in electronic devices such as personal computers and smartphones.
- the control unit 6 may include sensors such as a current measuring sensor, a voltage measuring sensor, and a temperature sensor, and measure measured values.
- the control unit 6 may include a storage unit that stores preset threshold values, for example.
- the control unit 6 controls charging conditions for the secondary battery 2 charged via the thermoelectric element 1 . Therefore, the charging condition can be controlled based on the charge/discharge state of the secondary battery 2 and the power generation state of the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to suppress early deterioration of the secondary battery 2 .
- the control unit 6 acquires, for example, at least one of voltage and current based on the power generation of the thermoelectric element 1 as a measured value.
- the control unit 6 may, for example, acquire a corresponding measured value for each of the plurality of thermoelectric elements 1 .
- the control unit 6 controls charging conditions for the secondary battery 2 based on the measured value.
- the control unit 6 may control the control conditions for each of one or more secondary batteries 2, for example, based on one or more measured values.
- the charging conditions can be arbitrarily set in advance, for example, and can be arbitrarily set as long as the conditions affect the charging of the secondary battery 2 .
- charging conditions include conditions for connecting to the voltage limiters 53 according to measured values. That is, the control unit 6 electrically connects a specific voltage limiter 53 to the secondary battery 2 and electrically separates the other voltage limiters 53 from the secondary battery 2 based on the measured value, thereby adjusting the charging condition. can be controlled.
- control unit 6 may acquire the temperature of the thermoelectric element 1 during power generation as a measured value.
- the controller 6 may control the temperature of the thermoelectric element 1 based on the result of comparing a preset temperature threshold value with the measured value. By controlling the temperature of the thermoelectric element 1, the power generation amount of the thermoelectric element 1 can be changed, so the charging condition of the secondary battery 2 can be controlled.
- the control unit 6 may calculate an estimated amount of power generation corresponding to the measured value and control the charging conditions based on the calculation result.
- the control unit 6 may acquire changes in temperature over time during power generation of the thermoelectric element 1 as measured values. In this case, the control unit 6 may control charging conditions for interrupting charging of the secondary battery 2 when a temperature change exceeding a threshold occurs.
- the thermoelectric element 1 may include a plurality of elements electrically connected to the secondary battery 2 independently.
- the control unit 6 may control the electrical connection relationship between the secondary battery 2 and the plurality of elements as the charging condition. For example, the control unit 6 acquires voltages as measured values for each of the plurality of elements. After that, the control unit 6 selects an element capable of outputting a voltage suitable for the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 based on the measured value, and electrically connects the selected element and the secondary battery 2 .
- control unit 6 uses the previously obtained discharge rate characteristics of the secondary battery 2 to calculate a voltage suitable for charging the secondary battery 2 . After that, the control unit 6 identifies an element capable of outputting the calculated voltage from the measured values obtained from the plurality of elements, and electrically connects the element and the secondary battery 2 . Note that the control unit 6 may connect, for example, a plurality of elements in parallel or in series.
- the secondary battery 2 may be electrically connected to, for example, the driving section, and the thermoelectric element 1 may be electrically separated from the driving section.
- the control unit 6 may control the conditions of power supplied from the secondary battery 2 to the driving unit.
- the control unit 6 acquires supply information (for example, voltage and current) regarding power supplied from the secondary battery 2 to the drive unit, for example, via the sensor described above. Based on the supply information, the control unit 6 controls the conditions of power supplied from the secondary battery 2 to the drive unit in the same manner as the charging conditions described above.
- the secondary battery 2 and the thermoelectric element 1 may be electrically connected to the driving section.
- the control section 6 may control the conditions of electric power supplied from the thermoelectric element 1 to the driving section.
- the control unit 6 may control conditions of power supplied from the secondary battery 2 and the thermoelectric element 1 to the driving unit. Even in this case, similarly to the method described above, the control unit 6 acquires supply information regarding power supplied to the driving unit from the thermoelectric element 1 and the secondary battery 2, and controls the power conditions based on the supply information. can be done.
- FIG. 5(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the thermoelectric element 1 in this embodiment
- FIG. 5(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view along AA in FIG. 5(a).
- the thermoelectric element 1 includes a first electrode 11, a second electrode 12, and an intermediate portion 14, as shown in FIG. 5(a), for example.
- the thermoelectric element 1 may comprise at least one of the first substrate 15 and the second substrate 16, for example.
- the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 are provided facing each other.
- the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 have different work functions.
- the intermediate portion 14 is provided in a space 140 including a gap G between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, as shown in FIG. 6, for example.
- the intermediate portion 14 includes fine particles 141 .
- the fine particles 141 may include, for example, a first fine particle 141f and a second fine particle 141s.
- the median diameter D50s of the second fine particles 141s is smaller than the median diameter D50f of the first fine particles 141f.
- the variable range is narrower. Therefore, fluctuation of the fine particles 141 can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the power generation amount.
- the area of the particles 141 in contact with the electrodes 11 and 12 can be increased compared to the case where only the first particles 141f having a large median diameter D50f are included. can be done. Therefore, the amount of electrons moving between the electrodes 11 and 12 can be increased. This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the filling degree of the particles 141 in the intermediate portion 14 can be easily improved compared to the case where only the second particles 141s having a small median diameter D50s are included. be able to. Thereby, the movement of electrons between the fine particles 141 can be facilitated. Also in this respect, it is possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 are spaced apart in the first direction Z, as shown in FIG. 5(a), for example.
- Each of the electrodes 11 and 12 may extend in the second direction X and the third direction Y, for example, and may be provided in plurality.
- one second electrode 12 may be provided facing the plurality of first electrodes 11 at different positions.
- one first electrode 11 may be provided facing the plurality of second electrodes 12 at different positions.
- a conductive material is used as the material of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 .
- materials for the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 for example, materials having different work functions are used.
- the electrodes 11 and 12 may be made of the same material, in which case they may have different work functions.
- non-metallic conductor As the material of the electrodes 11 and 12, for example, a material composed of a single element such as iron, aluminum, or copper may be used, or an alloy material composed of, for example, two or more elements may be used.
- a non-metallic conductor for example, may be used as the material of the electrodes 11 and 12 .
- Examples of nonmetallic conductors include silicon (Si: for example, p-type Si or n-type Si) and carbon-based materials such as graphene.
- the thickness of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 along the first direction Z is, for example, 4 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 along the first direction Z may be, for example, 4 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the gap G which indicates the distance between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, can be arbitrarily set by changing the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142, for example. For example, by narrowing the gap G, the electric field generated between the electrodes 11 and 12 can be increased, so that the amount of power generated by the thermoelectric element 1 can be increased. Also, by narrowing the gap G, for example, the thickness of the thermoelectric element 1 along the first direction Z can be reduced.
- the gap G is a finite value of 500 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the gap G is, for example, 10 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the gap G is 200 nm or less, the possibility of contact between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 increases.
- the gap G is larger than 1 ⁇ m, the electric field generated between the electrodes 11 and 12 may weaken.
- the gap G is preferably larger than 200 nm and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the intermediate portion 14 includes, for example, fine particles 141 and a non-conductor layer 142 .
- the non-conductor layer 142 contains the fine particles 141 and supports the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 . In this case, movement of the particles 141 in the gap G is suppressed by the non-conductor layer 142 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the fine particles 141 from becoming unevenly distributed on the side of one of the electrodes 11 and 12 over time and reducing the amount of movement of electrons. This makes it possible to stabilize the power generation amount.
- the non-conductor layer 142 is formed, for example, by curing a non-conductor material.
- the non-conductor layer 142 exhibits a solid, for example.
- the non-conducting layer 142 may include, for example, diluent residue and uncured portions of the non-conducting material. In this case as well, it is possible to stabilize the power generation amount in the same manner as described above.
- the fine particles 141 are fixed in a dispersed state in the non-conductor layer 142, for example. In this case as well, it is possible to stabilize the power generation amount in the same manner as described above.
- the intermediate portion 14 is provided on the first electrode 11 .
- the second electrode 12 is provided on the non-conductor layer 142 .
- the thermoelectric element 1 that does not require a temperature difference between the electrodes when converting thermal energy into electrical energy, by suppressing variations in the gap G on the surfaces along the second direction X and the third direction Y, For example, it is possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- a liquid such as a solvent is used as the intermediate portion, it is necessary to provide a support portion or the like for maintaining the gap G.
- the gap G may vary greatly with the formation of the supporting portion and the like.
- thermoelectric element 1 the second electrode 12 is provided on the non-conductor layer 142, so that there is no need to provide a support or the like for maintaining the gap G, and the support or the like is not required. It is possible to eliminate gap variations due to formation accuracy. This makes it possible to suppress variations in the amount of power generation.
- thermoelectric element 1 when providing a support or the like for maintaining the gap, there is a concern that the fine particles 141 may come into contact with the support and aggregate around the support.
- thermoelectric element 1 it is possible to eliminate the state in which the fine particles 141 aggregate due to the supporting portion. This makes it possible to maintain a stable power generation amount.
- the intermediate portion 14 extends on a plane along the second direction X and the third direction Y, as shown in FIG. 5(b), for example.
- the intermediate portion 14 is provided within a space 140 formed between the electrodes 11 , 12 .
- the intermediate portion 14 may be in contact with the main surfaces of the electrodes 11 and 12 facing each other, and may also be in contact with the side surfaces of the electrodes 11 and 12, for example.
- the fine particles 141 may be dispersed in the non-conductor layer 142 and partially exposed from the non-conductor layer 142, for example.
- the particles 141 may be filled in the gap G, for example, and the non-conductor layer 142 may be provided in the gaps between the particles 141 .
- the particle diameter of the fine particles 141 is smaller than the gap G, for example.
- the particle diameter of the fine particles 141 is set to a finite value of 1/10 or less of the gap G, for example. If the particle diameter of the fine particles 141 is set to 1/10 or less of the gap G, it becomes easier to form the intermediate portion 14 containing the fine particles 141 in the space 140 . Thereby, when the thermoelectric element 1 is produced, workability can be improved.
- the fine particles 141 include particles having a particle diameter of, for example, 2 nm or more and 1000 nm or less.
- the fine particles 141 may include, for example, particles having a median diameter (median diameter: D50) of 3 nm or more and 20 nm or less, or particles having an average particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- the particle number concentration of the fine particles 141 may be, for example, about 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 12 /ml, and can be arbitrarily set according to the application.
- the median diameter or average particle diameter and particle number concentration can be measured, for example, by using a particle size distribution analyzer.
- a particle size distribution measuring instrument using a dynamic light scattering method eg, Zetasizer Ultra manufactured by Malvern Panalytical, etc.
- the first fine particles 141f and the second fine particles 141s contained in the fine particles 141 can be arbitrarily selected, for example, as long as the particle diameter is within the range described above. Also, the difference between the median diameter D50f of the first fine particles 141f and the median diameter D50s of the second fine particles 141s is arbitrary.
- the particle number concentration of the first fine particles 141f is lower than the particle number concentration of the second fine particles 141s.
- the particle number concentration of the first fine particles 141f is higher than the particle number concentration of the second fine particles 141s, the possibility of the second fine particles 141s entering between the particles of the first fine particles 141f becomes low. For this reason, the degree of filling of the particles 141 between the electrodes 11 and 12 cannot be increased, and there is a concern that the particles 141 may be unevenly distributed.
- the particle number concentration of the first fine particles 141f is lower than the particle number concentration of the second fine particles 141s. In this case, the filling degree of the fine particles 141 between the electrodes 11 and 12 can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to suppress uneven distribution of the fine particles 141 and the like.
- the work function of the first fine particles 141f is lower than the work function of the second fine particles 141s.
- electrons can easily move from the first electrode 11 and the first fine particles 141f toward the second fine particles 141s.
- the inter-particle distance of the second fine particles 141s tends to be shorter than the inter-particle distance of the first fine particles 141f, an electron transfer path is easily formed in the intermediate portion 14 . Therefore, electrons are easily supplied from the first electrode 11 to the intermediate portion 14 via the second fine particles 141s. Thereby, the transmission of electrons between the electrodes 11 and 12 can proceed smoothly. Therefore, it is possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the fine particles 141 include, for example, a conductive material, and any material is used depending on the application.
- the fine particles 141 may contain one type of material, or may contain a plurality of materials depending on the application.
- the fine particles 141 contain, for example, metal.
- As the fine particles 141 for example, in addition to particles containing one kind of material such as gold or silver, particles of an alloy containing two or more kinds of materials may be used.
- Fine particles 141 contain, for example, a metal oxide.
- fine particles 141 containing metal oxides include zirconia (ZrO 2 ), titania (TiO 2 ), silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), iron oxides (Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 5 ), Copper oxide (CuO ) , zinc oxide (ZnO), yttria ( Y2O3 ), niobium oxide ( Nb2O5 ) , molybdenum oxide ( MoO3 ), indium oxide ( In2O3 ), tin oxide ( SnO2 ), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), lead oxide (PbO), bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), ceria (CeO 2 ), antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 5 , Sb 2 O 3 ), a metal oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of metals and Si is used.
- the fine particles 141 may contain, for example, metal oxides other than magnetic substances.
- metal oxides other than magnetic substances For example, when the fine particles 141 contain a metal oxide exhibiting a magnetic substance, movement of the fine particles 141 can be restricted by a magnetic field generated due to the environment in which the thermoelectric element 1 is installed. Therefore, by including a metal oxide other than a magnetic material, the fine particles 141 are not affected by the magnetic field caused by the external environment, and it is possible to suppress the decrease in the power generation amount over time.
- the microparticles 141 include, for example, a coating 141a on the surface.
- the thickness of the coating 141a is, for example, a finite value of 20 nm or less.
- a material having, for example, a thiol group or a disulfide group is used as the coating 141a.
- Alkanethiol such as dodecanethiol is used as the material having a thiol group.
- a material having a disulfide group for example, an alkane disulfide or the like is used.
- the non-conductor layer 142 is provided between the electrodes 11 and 12 and is in contact with the electrodes 11 and 12, for example.
- the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 is a finite value of 500 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 affects the value and variation of the gap G described above. Therefore, for example, when the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 is 200 nm or less, the possibility of contact between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 increases. Also, if the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 is greater than 1 ⁇ m, the electric field generated between the electrodes 11 and 12 may weaken. For these reasons, the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 is preferably greater than 200 nm and equal to or less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the non-conductor layer 142 may contain, for example, one type of material, or may contain a plurality of materials depending on the application. Materials described in ISO 1043-1 or JIS K 6899-1, for example, may be used as the non-conductor layer 142 .
- the non-conductor layer 142 may include a plurality of layers containing different materials, for example, and may include a structure in which each layer is laminated. When the non-conductor layer 142 includes a plurality of layers, for example, particles 141 containing different materials may be included (eg, dispersed) in each layer.
- the non-conductor layer 142 has insulating properties, for example.
- the material used for the non-conductor layer 142 is arbitrary as long as it is a non-conductor material that can fix the fine particles 141 in a dispersed state, but an organic polymer compound is preferable.
- the non-conductor layer 142 contains an organic polymer compound, the non-conductor layer 142 can be formed flexibly, so that the thermoelectric element 1 can be formed in a shape such as curved or bent depending on the application.
- organic polymer compounds include polyimides, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, poly(meth)acrylates, radically polymerizable photo- or thermosetting resins, photo-cationically polymerizable photo- or thermosetting resins, epoxy resins, and acrylonitrile components.
- An inorganic substance may be used as the non-conductor layer 142, for example.
- inorganic substances include porous inorganic substances such as zeolite and diatomaceous earth, as well as cage-like molecules.
- the first substrate 15 and the second substrate 16 are spaced apart in the first direction Z with the electrodes 11 and 12 and the intermediate portion 14 interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG. 5A, for example.
- the first substrate 15 is, for example, in contact with the first electrode 11 and separated from the second electrode 12 .
- the first substrate 15 fixes the first electrode 11 .
- the second substrate 16 is in contact with the second electrode 12 and separated from the first electrode 11 .
- a second substrate 16 fixes the second electrode 12 .
- each of the substrates 15 and 16 along the first direction Z is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 2 mm or less.
- the thickness of each substrate 15, 16 can be set arbitrarily.
- the shape of each of the substrates 15 and 16 may be, for example, square, rectangular, or disk-like, and can be arbitrarily set according to the application.
- the substrates 15 and 16 for example, plate-shaped members having insulation properties can be used, and known members such as silicon, quartz, and Pyrex (registered trademark) can be used.
- a film-like member may be used, and for example, a known film-like member such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate), polyimide, or the like may be used.
- a member having conductivity can be used, such as iron, aluminum, copper, or an alloy of aluminum and copper.
- a member such as a conductive polymer may be used in addition to a conductive semiconductor such as Si or GaN. If conductive members are used for the substrates 15 and 16, wiring for connecting to the electrodes 11 and 12 becomes unnecessary.
- the first substrate 15 may have a degenerate portion that contacts the first electrode 11 .
- the contact resistance between the first electrode 11 and the first substrate 15 can be reduced as compared with the case without the degenerate portion.
- the first substrate 15 may have a recessed portion on a surface different from the surface in contact with the first electrode 11 . In this case, the contact resistance between the wiring (for example, the first wiring 101) electrically connected to the first substrate 15 can be reduced.
- thermoelectric elements 1 when stacking a plurality of thermoelectric elements 1 shown in FIG. In this case, contact resistance can be reduced by providing degenerate portions on the contact surfaces of the substrates 15 and 16 that are in contact with each other as the thermoelectric elements 1 are stacked.
- the above-mentioned degenerate portion is generated, for example, by ion-implanting an n-type dopant into a semiconductor at a high concentration, coating a semiconductor with a material such as glass containing an n-type dopant, and performing heat treatment after coating.
- impurities to be doped into the semiconductor first substrate 15 known impurities such as P, As, Sb, etc. for n-type, and B, Ba, Al, etc. for p-type are mentioned. Further, electrons can be efficiently emitted when the impurity concentration in the degenerate portion is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 19 ions/cm 3 .
- the specific resistance value of the first substrate 15 may be, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm or more and 1 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ cm or less. If the resistivity value of the first substrate 15 is less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm, it is difficult to select the material. Also, if the specific resistance value of the first substrate 15 is greater than 1 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ cm, there is a concern that current loss may increase.
- the second substrate 16 may be a semiconductor. In this case, the description is omitted because it is the same as the above.
- thermoelectric element 1 may include only the first substrate 15 as shown in FIG. 7(a), or may include only the second substrate 16, for example. Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, the thermoelectric element 1 has a laminated structure in which a plurality of the first electrodes 11, the intermediate portions 14, and the second electrodes 12 are laminated in this order without the respective substrates 15 and 16. (e.g. 1a, 1b, 1c, etc.), for example, a laminated structure comprising at least one of the substrates 15, 16 may be indicated.
- the intermediate portion 14 may contain a solvent 142s instead of the non-conductor layer 142, as shown in FIG. 8, for example.
- the fine particles 141 are dispersed in the solvent 142s.
- each of the electrodes 11 and 12 is supported by a supporting portion (not shown).
- a known liquid such as water or toluene is used as the solvent 142s. Even in this case, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the power generation amount by including the above-described first fine particles 141f and second fine particles 141s.
- the intermediate portion 14 may not include the non-conductor layer 142, as shown in FIG. 9, for example.
- the gap G is filled with the fine particles 141 .
- each of the electrodes 11 and 12 is supported by a supporting portion (not shown). Even in this case, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the power generation amount by including the above-described first fine particles 141f and second fine particles 141s.
- thermoelectric element 1 For example, when thermal energy is applied to the thermoelectric element 1, a current is generated between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, converting the thermal energy into electrical energy. The amount of current generated between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 depends on thermal energy and also depends on the difference between the work function of the second electrode 12 and the work function of the first electrode 11 .
- the amount of current generated can be increased, for example, by increasing the work function difference between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 and by decreasing the gap G.
- the amount of electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric element 1 can be increased by considering at least one of increasing the work function difference and decreasing the gap G.
- the amount of electrons moving between the electrodes 11 and 12 can be increased, which can lead to an increase in the amount of current.
- the "work function” indicates the minimum energy required to extract electrons in a solid into a vacuum.
- the work function is measured using, for example, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), or Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). can be done.
- UPS ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- AES Auger electron spectroscopy
- thermoelectric element 1 is in contact with the heat medium 3 exhibiting a temperature higher than the outside air. Therefore, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the heat transferred to the thermoelectric element 1 over time. This makes it possible to achieve stable power generation.
- the intermediate portion 14 includes the non-conductor layer 142 containing the fine particles 141 . That is, the non-conductor layer 142 suppresses movement of the fine particles 141 between the electrodes. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the fine particles 141 from becoming unevenly distributed on the one electrode side over time and reducing the amount of movement of electrons. This makes it possible to stabilize the power generation amount.
- the non-conductor layer 142 supports the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 . Therefore, compared to the case where a solvent or the like is used instead of the non-conductor layer 142, there is no need to provide a supporting portion or the like for maintaining the distance (gap G) between the electrodes, and the accuracy of forming the supporting portion is reduced. Variation in the gap G can be eliminated. This makes it possible to suppress variations in the amount of power generation.
- the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 are sandwiched between the heat mediums 3 . Therefore, it is possible to further suppress fluctuations in the heat transferred to the thermoelectric element 1 over time. This makes it possible to achieve more stable power generation.
- thermoelectric element 1 is provided in contact with the housing portion 21 . Therefore, thermal energy generated from the secondary battery 2 can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation. In addition, exhaust heat generated with the use of the secondary battery 2 can be effectively used.
- thermoelectric element 1 is provided in contact between the housing portion 21 and the heat storage portion. Therefore, it is possible to easily suppress the temporal change in the amount of thermal energy supplied to the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount.
- thermoelectric element 1 is in contact with the inner wall of the container 31 . Therefore, the thermal energy transmitted to the container 31 can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- thermoelectric element 1 is in contact with the circuit board 4 . Therefore, thermal energy generated on the circuit board 4 by arithmetic processing or the like can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation. In addition, exhaust heat generated by arithmetic processing or the like can be effectively used.
- thermoelectric element 1 and the secondary battery 2 are provided on the same main surface of the circuit board 4 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the heat energy generated from the secondary battery 2 from being retained in the circuit board 4 . This makes it possible to suppress deterioration of the circuit board 4 and degradation of quality such as a decrease in computation speed.
- thermoelectric element 1 is provided in contact between the circuit board 4 and the housing portion 21 . Therefore, direct transmission of thermal energy generated from the secondary battery 2 to the circuit board 4 can be suppressed. This makes it possible to suppress deterioration of the circuit board 4 and degradation of quality such as a decrease in computation speed.
- thermoelectric element 1 is in contact with the drive section. Therefore, thermal energy generated from the drive section can be converted into electrical energy via the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation. In addition, exhaust heat generated from the driving section can be effectively used.
- thermoelectric element 1 may be electrically connected to the secondary battery 2 via a booster circuit. In this case, when charging the secondary battery 2 using the power generation of the thermoelectric element 1, it is possible to shorten the charging time.
- control unit 6 may control charging conditions for the secondary battery 2 that is charged via the thermoelectric element 1.
- the charging conditions can be controlled based on the charge/discharge state of the secondary battery 2 and the power generation state of the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to suppress early deterioration of the secondary battery 2 .
- the secondary battery 2 may be electrically connected to the driving section, and the thermoelectric element 1 may be electrically separated from the driving section.
- the power generation system can be used without changing the conventional connection relationship between the secondary battery 2 and the drive unit. This makes it possible to improve the convenience of the power generation system.
- control unit 6 may control the conditions of power supplied from the secondary battery 2 to the driving unit.
- the electric power supplied from the secondary battery 2 can be controlled according to variations in power generation of the thermoelectric element 1 . This makes it possible to achieve stable power supply.
- control unit 6 may control the electrical connection relationship between the secondary battery 2 and a plurality of elements as a charging condition.
- charging conditions that impose a load on the secondary battery 2 can be avoided, and charging suitable for the state of the secondary battery 2 can be performed. This makes it possible to further suppress early deterioration of the secondary battery 2 .
- the fine particles 141 may include the first fine particles 141f and the second fine particles 141s having a smaller median diameter D50s than the first fine particles 141f.
- the second fine particles 141s may increase the possibility that the second fine particles 141s enter between the particles of the first fine particles 141f, and it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the dispersed state of the fine particles 141.
- FIG. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the power generation amount.
- the particle number concentration of the first fine particles 141f may be lower than the particle number concentration of the second fine particles 141s. That is, the filling degree of the fine particles 141 between the electrodes 11 and 12 can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress fluctuations in the dispersed state of the fine particles 141 . As a result, it is possible to further suppress the decrease in the power generation amount.
- the non-conductor layer 142 may contain an organic polymer compound, for example.
- the non-conductor layer 142 can be formed flexibly. Thereby, it is possible to form the thermoelectric element 1 having a shape according to the application.
- the intermediate portion 14 is provided on the first electrode 11 and includes a solid non-conductor layer 142 and fine particles 141 dispersed and fixed in the non-conductor layer 142. may contain. That is, the non-conductor layer 142 suppresses movement of the fine particles 141 between the electrodes (the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12). In this case, it is possible to prevent the fine particles 141 from becoming unevenly distributed on one electrode side over time and reducing the amount of movement of electrons. This makes it possible to stabilize the power generation amount.
- the intermediate portion 14 may be provided on the first electrode 11 and include a solid non-conductor layer 142 .
- the second electrode 12 may be provided on the non-conductor layer 142 and have a work function different from that of the first electrode 11 .
- thermoelectric element 11 first electrode 12: second electrode 14: intermediate portion 15: first substrate 16: second substrate 17: sealing material 2: secondary battery 3: heat medium 3f: first heat medium 3s: Second heat medium 4 : Circuit board 5 : Charging circuit 51 : Rectifying circuit 52 : Smoothing circuit 53 : Voltage limiter 6 : Control unit 100 : Secondary battery with power generation function 140 : Space 141 : Particles 141a : Coating 142 : Non-conductor layer 142s: solvent G: gap R: load Z: first direction X: second direction Y: third direction
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態における発電機能付二次電池100の一例を示す模式図である。
例えば熱媒3は、二次電池2の筐体部21を含んでもよい。この場合、例えば図2(a)に示すように、熱電素子1は、筐体部21と接して設けられてもよい。即ち、一対の電極11、12は、任意の第1熱媒3fと、第2熱媒3sに相当する筐体部21とに挟まれる。このため、二次電池2から発生する熱エネルギーを、熱電素子1を介して電気エネルギーに変換することができる。これにより、発電量の増加を図ることが可能となる。また、二次電池2の利用に伴い発生する排熱を、有効に利用することができる。
例えば熱媒3は、熱エネルギーを蓄熱する蓄熱部を含んでもよい。この場合、熱電素子1は、蓄熱部と、筐体部21との間に接して設けられる。即ち、一対の電極11、12は、第1熱媒3fに相当する蓄熱部と、第2熱媒3sに相当する筐体部21とに挟まれる。このため、熱電素子1に供給される熱エネルギー量の経時変化を抑制し易くすることができる。これにより、発電量のさらなる安定化を図ることが可能となる。
例えば熱媒3は、熱電素子1及び二次電池2を内設する容器31を含んでもよい。この場合、熱電素子1は、容器31の内壁と接する。即ち、一対の電極11、12は、熱媒3に相当する容器31の内壁に挟まれる。このため、容器31に伝達された熱エネルギーを、熱電素子1を介して電気エネルギーに変換することができる。これにより、発電量の増加を図ることが可能となる。
例えば熱媒3は、回路基板4を含んでもよい。この場合、例えば図3(a)に示すように、熱電素子1は、回路基板4と接する。即ち、一対の電極11、12は、任意の第1熱媒3fと、第2熱媒3sに相当する回路基板4とに挟まれる。このため、演算処理等により回路基板4上に生じた熱エネルギーを、熱電素子1を介して電気エネルギーに変換することができる。これにより、発電量の増加を図ることが可能となる。また、演算処理等に伴い発生する排熱を、有効に利用することができる。
次に、本実施形態における発電システムの一例について説明する。図4は、本実施形態における発電システムの一例を示す概念図である。
図5(a)は、本実施形態における熱電素子1の一例を示す模式断面図であり、図5(b)は、図5(a)におけるA-Aに沿った模式断面図である。
第1電極11及び第2電極12は、例えば図5(a)に示すように、第1方向Zに離間する。各電極11、12は、例えば第2方向X及び第3方向Yに延在し、複数設けられてもよい。例えば1つの第2電極12は、複数の第1電極11とそれぞれ異なる位置で対向して設けられてもよい。また、例えば1つの第1電極11は、複数の第2電極12とそれぞれ異なる位置で対向して設けられてもよい。
中間部14は、例えば微粒子141と、不導体層142とを含む。不導体層142は、微粒子141を内包し、第1電極11及び第2電極12を支持する。この場合、不導体層142により、ギャップGにおける微粒子141の移動が抑制される。このため、経時に伴い微粒子141が一方の電極11、12側に偏在し、電子の移動量が減少することを抑制することができる。これにより、発電量の安定化を図ることが可能となる。
第1基板15及び第2基板16は、例えば図5(a)に示すように、各電極11、12及び中間部14を挟み、第1方向Zに離間して設けられる。第1基板15は、例えば第1電極11と接し、第2電極12と離間する。第1基板15は、第1電極11を固定する。第2基板16は、第2電極12と接し、第1電極11と離間する。第2基板16は、第2電極12を固定する。
例えば、熱エネルギーが熱電素子1に与えられると、第1電極11と第2電極12との間に電流が発生し、熱エネルギーが電気エネルギーに変換される。第1電極11と第2電極12との間に発生する電流量は、熱エネルギーに依存する他、第2電極12の仕事関数と、第1電極11の仕事関数との差に依存する。
11 :第1電極
12 :第2電極
14 :中間部
15 :第1基板
16 :第2基板
17 :封止材
2 :二次電池
3 :熱媒
3f :第1熱媒
3s :第2熱媒
4 :回路基板
5 :充電回路
51 :整流回路
52 :平滑回路
53 :電圧リミッタ
6 :制御部
100 :発電機能付二次電池
140 :空間
141 :微粒子
141a :被膜
142 :不導体層
142s :溶媒
G :ギャップ
R :負荷
Z :第1方向
X :第2方向
Y :第3方向
Claims (10)
- 熱電素子を利用した発電機能付二次電池であって、
外気以上の温度を示す熱媒に接し、電極間の温度差を不要とする前記熱電素子と、
前記熱電素子と電気的に接続された二次電池と、
を備え、
前記熱電素子は、互いに異なる仕事関数を有する一対の電極を含むこと
を特徴とする発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記熱電素子は、前記一対の電極の間に設けられ、微粒子を内包する不導体層を含む中間部を含み、
前記不導体層は、前記一対の電極を支持すること
を特徴とする請求項1記載の発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記一対の電極は、前記熱媒に挟まれること
を特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記熱媒は、前記二次電池の筐体部を含み、
前記熱電素子は、前記筐体部と接して設けられること
を特徴とする請求項1~3のうち何れか1項記載の発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記熱媒は、熱エネルギーを蓄熱する蓄熱部を含み、
前記熱電素子は、前記筐体部と、前記蓄熱部との間に接して設けられること
を特徴とする請求項4記載の発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記熱媒は、前記熱電素子及び前記二次電池を内設する容器を含み、
前記熱電素子は、前記容器の内壁と接すること
を特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項記載の発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記熱媒は、回路基板を含み、
前記熱電素子は、前記回路基板と接すること
を特徴とする請求項1~3のうち何れか1項記載の発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記熱電素子及び前記二次電池は、前記回路基板の同一主面上に設けられること
を特徴とする請求項7記載の発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記熱媒は、前記二次電池の筐体部を含み、
前記熱電素子は、前記回路基板と、前記筐体部との間に接して設けられること
を特徴とする請求項7記載の発電機能付二次電池。 - 前記熱媒は、前記二次電池から電力を供給される駆動部を含み、
前記熱電素子は、前記駆動部と接すること
を特徴とする請求項1~4のうち何れか1項記載の発電機能付二次電池。
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- 2022-09-09 KR KR1020247011172A patent/KR20240055064A/ko unknown
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