WO2023033108A1 - 電動車両 - Google Patents
電動車両 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023033108A1 WO2023033108A1 PCT/JP2022/032956 JP2022032956W WO2023033108A1 WO 2023033108 A1 WO2023033108 A1 WO 2023033108A1 JP 2022032956 W JP2022032956 W JP 2022032956W WO 2023033108 A1 WO2023033108 A1 WO 2023033108A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- storage device
- power storage
- switch
- power
- electric vehicle
- Prior art date
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/16—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
- B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
- B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/12—Bikes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric vehicle equipped with a motor that can power and regenerate, and a power storage device that can supply energy to the motor.
- An electric vehicle that is equipped with a motor capable of powering and regenerating power and a power storage device capable of supplying energy to the motor, obtains thrust from the driving force of the motor, and can recover energy to the power storage device by adjusting the braking torque of the drive wheels.
- a motor capable of powering and regenerating power
- a power storage device capable of supplying energy to the motor, obtains thrust from the driving force of the motor, and can recover energy to the power storage device by adjusting the braking torque of the drive wheels.
- Patent Document 1 the one described in Patent Document 1 can be mentioned. According to such an electric vehicle, it is possible to supply energy to the inverter at arbitrary timing from each of the battery having high-capacity characteristics and the capacitor having high-output characteristics to drive the motor.
- the battery (first power storage device) and the capacitor (second power storage device) can share the energy supply to drive the motor, the energy in the capacitor cannot be recharged in time due to regeneration. In case of shortage, it is necessary to supply energy only from the battery. However, when the vehicle is accelerated, for example, a sudden supply of energy is required. Therefore, if the energy is supplied only from the battery, the sudden supply of energy may cause the battery to heat up and shorten its life. Also, in order to prevent the capacitor from running out of energy while the vehicle is running, it is conceivable to charge the capacitor with a large amount of energy using a charger before the vehicle is not in use. In this case, there is a problem that the size of the capacitor is increased.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is capable of reducing the size of the second power storage device and preventing the second power storage device from running out of energy when the vehicle is running.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle capable of extending the life of a power storage device.
- the invention according to claim 1 is an electric vehicle having a motor capable of power running and an inverter capable of converting direct current to alternating current, wherein the first power storage device has high-capacity characteristics and a high-output power storage device.
- a second power storage device having a characteristic; a power converter having a function of stepping down voltage during power running; a circuit in which the second power storage device is connected in series between inverters; a first switch forming a circuit connecting the power converter and the inverter without the second power storage device; a second switch forming a circuit connecting the power converter and the inverter via a power storage device; and a third switch forming a circuit connecting the second power storage device and a ground. and/or during power running of the motor, the first switch is connected, the second switch is disconnected, and the third switch is connected to reduce the output voltage of the first power storage device. and supplying energy from the first power storage device to the second power storage device.
- the state of charge of the second power storage device can be determined based on the voltage of the second power storage device, and the power storage state of the second power storage device can be determined.
- the state is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, energy is supplied to the second power storage device while reducing the output voltage of the first power storage device.
- the invention according to claim 3 is the electric vehicle according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the motor is capable of power running and regeneration, and the power converter has a function of stepping down voltage during power running and a function of boosting voltage during regeneration.
- the first switch is set to the cut-off state
- the second switch is set to the connected state
- the third switch is set to the cut-off state
- the output voltage of the second power storage device is increased while the output voltage of the second power storage device is increased.
- the energy storage device is characterized in that energy is recovered by the first power storage device and the second power storage device.
- the invention according to claim 4 is the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the first switch is in a cut-off state, the second switch is in a closed state, and the second switch is in a closed state and in a power running state of the motor. 3 switch is set to a cutoff state, and energy is supplied to the inverter from the first power storage device and the second power storage device while stepping down the output voltage of the first power storage device.
- the invention according to claim 5 is the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first switch is in the cut-off state, the second switch is in the cut-off state, and the second switch is in the cut-off state when the motor is power running. 3 switches are in a connected state, and energy is supplied from the second power storage device to the inverter.
- the invention according to claim 6 is the electric vehicle according to claim 5, in which the temperature state of the first power storage device can be determined based on the temperature of the first power storage device, and during power running of the motor, Energy is supplied from the second power storage device to the inverter when the temperature of the first power storage device is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
- the invention according to claim 7 is the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first power storage device has a higher voltage type characteristic than the second power storage device. .
- the invention according to claim 8 is the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the amount of energy when the first power storage device is fully charged is equal to the amount of energy when the second power storage device is fully charged. Characterized by more than quantity.
- the invention according to claim 9 is the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first power storage device is a replaceable cassette-type power storage device.
- the invention according to claim 10 is the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first power storage device comprises a high-capacity lithium-ion battery or a high-capacity nickel-metal hydride battery, and the second power storage device
- the device is characterized by being either a high power lithium ion battery, a high power nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium ion capacitor or an electric double layer capacitor.
- the first switch when the motor is stopped and/or when the motor is running, the first switch is in the connected state, the second switch is in the disconnected state, and the third switch is in the connected state, and the output voltage of the first power storage device is reduced. Since energy is supplied from the first power storage device to the second power storage device while stepping down the voltage, it is possible to reduce the size of the second power storage device and prevent the second power storage device from running short of energy during vehicle running. It is possible to extend the life of the first power storage device.
- Schematic diagram showing an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention A circuit diagram showing a power conversion device for the same electric vehicle Conceptual diagram showing a power conversion device for the same electric vehicle Schematic diagram showing the control relationship of the same electric vehicle Time chart showing power control of the same electric vehicle Flowchart showing the overall power control of the same electric vehicle Graph showing required characteristics of the same electric vehicle (vehicle requirements for drive wheels) Graph showing the required characteristics of the electric vehicle (requirements for the drive wheel motor) Graph showing required characteristics of the same electric vehicle (vehicle requirements for driven wheels) Graph showing the required characteristics of the electric vehicle (brake requirements for driven wheels) Flowchart showing request processing control of electric power control of the same electric vehicle Graph showing a driver request table (table 1) of the same electric vehicle Graph showing a driver request table (table 2) of the same electric vehicle Graph showing a driver request table (Table 3) of the same electric vehicle Graph showing a driver request table (table 4) of the same electric vehicle Graph showing a driver request table (table 5) of
- the electric vehicle according to the present embodiment is a saddle type vehicle such as a motorcycle that can run by the driving force of a motor.
- first power storage device 4 second power storage device 5
- accelerator operation means 6 mechanical brake operation means 7
- regenerative brake operation means 8 power converter 10
- start It mainly comprises a switch 12 and a monitor 13 (auxiliary device).
- a motor 1 is composed of an electromagnetic motor for obtaining a driving force by supplying energy, and as shown in FIGS. 4 can be electrically connected, and power running and regeneration are possible.
- the inverter 2 DC-AC Inverter
- the inverter 2 is capable of converting direct current to alternating current. 1 can be supplied.
- the mechanical brake is composed of a braking device capable of braking by releasing energy, such as a disc brake or a drum brake. and a driven wheel mechanical brake 3b that releases and brakes.
- the drive wheel mechanical brake 3 a and the driven wheel mechanical brake 3 b are connected to a mechanical brake operating means 7 via a brake actuator 9 .
- the mechanical brake operation means 7 is composed of a component (in this embodiment, an operation lever attached to the right end of the handlebar) capable of controlling the mechanical brake (driven wheel mechanical brake 3b) to adjust the braking torque.
- the mechanical brake control unit 18 (see FIG. 4) operates the brake actuator 9 according to the amount of operation thereof to operate the driven wheel mechanical brake 3b.
- the accelerator operating means 6 is composed of a part (in this embodiment, an accelerator grip attached to the right end of the handlebar) capable of controlling the motor 1 to adjust the driving torque of the drive wheels Ta, and is shown in FIG. , the inverter control unit 16 estimates the torque request according to the operation amount and operates the motor 1 to obtain a desired driving force.
- the inverter control unit 16 is one of the control units formed in the ECU 11 .
- the power storage device can supply energy to the motor 1, and in this embodiment, it is configured with a first power storage device 4 and a second power storage device 5.
- the first power storage device 4 is composed of a storage battery having high-capacity characteristics, and as shown in FIG. 27, for example, a high-capacity lithium-ion battery or a high-capacity nickel-metal hydride battery can be used.
- the second power storage device 5 is composed of a storage battery having high-output characteristics, and as shown in FIG. can be used.
- the first power storage device 4 has a higher voltage type characteristic than the second power storage device 5, and the amount of energy when the first power storage device 4 is fully charged is equal to that of the second power storage device 5 when fully charged. It is said to be greater than the amount of energy in time.
- the first power storage device 4 according to the present embodiment is a cassette-type power storage device that can be removed from the vehicle and replaced. considered to be replaceable.
- the regenerative brake operation means 8 controls the motor 1 to adjust the braking torque of the drive wheels Ta, and the parts (this embodiment , consists of an operation lever attached to the left end of the handlebar, and is configured to regenerate the motor 1 in accordance with the operation amount of the operation lever to obtain a desired braking force. Energy can be recovered in the first power storage device 4 and the second power storage device 5 by such regeneration of the motor 1 .
- the power converter 10 has a function of stepping down the voltage when the motor 1 is power running (when supplying energy to the motor 1) and a function of stepping up the voltage when the motor 1 is regenerating (when recovering energy from the motor 1). 2 and 3, it is connected between the first power storage device 4 and the second power storage device 5 in the electric circuit. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the power converter 10 includes two semiconductor switch elements (MOSFETs) 10a and 10b having switches S1 and S2 and diodes as rectifiers, and a reactor 10c (coil). It is configured with
- the switches S1 and S2 of the semiconductor switch elements 10a and 10b are switched at a high speed (duty control) so that the power running of the motor 1 (toward the right side in FIG. 3) is controlled.
- the reactor 10c is located downstream of the semiconductor switch elements 10a and 10b, so that the voltage can be stepped down. Since the reactor 10c is positioned upstream of the semiconductor switch elements 10a and 10b, the voltage can be boosted.
- a power converter 10 having a function of stepping down voltage during power running is connected to the first power storage device 4, and a reactor 10c of the power converter 10 and A circuit is provided in which a second power storage device 5 is connected in series between the inverter 2, and the power converter 10 steps down the output voltage (Vdc1) of the first power storage device 4 when the motor 1 is running.
- Energy is supplied from the power storage device 4 and the second power storage device 5 to the inverter 2, and during regeneration of the motor 1, the output voltage (Vinv-Vdc2) of the second power storage device 5 is boosted by the power converter 10, and the first power storage device
- the device 4 and the second power storage device 5 are configured to recover energy.
- the first switch S3 and the second switch S4 are composed of semiconductor switch elements (MOSFETs) 14 and 15 (similar to the semiconductor switch elements 10a and 10b, which have diodes as rectifiers).
- the third switch S5 is configured by a switch that can turn on/off (connect or cut off) the conduction of current. Under the control of the circuit control unit 17, the first switch S3, the second switch S4, and the third switch S5 can be turned on/off (connected state or disconnected state) at arbitrary timing.
- the ECU 11 is for controlling the motor 1 and the like in response to input requests from the driver, and as shown in FIG. It is connected to inverter 2 , power converter 10 , first power storage device 4 , second power storage device 5 and brake actuator 9 . Further, a voltage detection sensor 4a capable of detecting the voltage of the first power storage device 4 and a temperature detection sensor 4b capable of detecting the temperature of the first power storage device 4 are provided, and the voltage of the second power storage device 5 can be detected. It has a voltage detection sensor 5a.
- the voltage detection sensor 4a, the temperature detection sensor 4b, and the voltage detection sensor 5a are electrically connected to the circuit control unit 17, and the voltage detected by the voltage detection sensor 4a and the voltage detection sensor 5a causes the first power storage device 4 to and the storage state of the second power storage device 5 can be determined, and the temperature of the first power storage device 4 can be detected by the temperature detection sensor 4b.
- 25 and 26 show the state of charge of the first power storage device 4 and the state of charge of the second power storage device 5, respectively.
- the first switch S3 When the electric power storage state of the second power storage device 5 is equal to or less than the charge determination value during power running of the motor 1 (when it is equal to or less than the charge determination value in FIG. 26), the first switch S3 is connected (ON state), and the second switch The switch S4 is turned off (OFF state) and the third switch S5 is connected (ON state). Energy is supplied to the device 5 .
- the first switch S3 when the motor 1 is powered, the first switch S3 is connected (ON state), the second switch S4 is disconnected (OFF state), and the third switch S5 is connected (ON state). Energy is supplied from the power storage device 4 to the inverter 2, and energy is also supplied to the second power storage device 5 so that the second power storage device 5 can be charged. Similarly, when the motor 1 is stopped, the first switch S3 is connected (ON state), the second switch S4 is disconnected (OFF state), and the third switch S5 is connected (ON state). Energy is supplied from the first power storage device 4 to the second power storage device 5 while stepping down the output voltage (Vdc1) of the first power storage device 4 .
- Vdc1 output voltage
- the electric vehicle according to the present embodiment has the first switch S3 in the connected state, the second switch S4 in the disconnected state, and the third switch S5 in the closed state when the motor 1 is stopped and/or when the motor 1 is powered.
- energy can be supplied from the first power storage device 4 to the second power storage device 5 while reducing the output voltage of the first power storage device 4 to charge the second power storage device 5 .
- the first switch S3 is in the disconnected state
- the second switch S4 is in the connected state
- the third switch S5 is in the disconnected state. Energy is recovered (regenerated energy is stored) in the first power storage device 4 and the second power storage device 5 while boosting (Vinv-Vdc2).
- the first switch S3 when the power storage state of the second power storage device 5 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (at least a predetermined lower limit value in FIG. 26) during power running of the motor 1, the first switch S3 is turned off. state, the second switch S4 is connected and the third switch S5 is disconnected, and energy is supplied from the first power storage device 4 and the second power storage device 5 to the inverter 2 while stepping down the output voltage of the first power storage device 4. is configured to
- the first switch S3 is cut off, the second switch S4 is cut off, and the third switch S5 is connected, so that energy is supplied from the second power storage device 5 to the inverter 2.
- the temperature state of the first power storage device 4 can be determined by the temperature detection sensor 4b based on the temperature of the first power storage device 4. is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, energy supply from the first power storage device 4 is stopped and energy is supplied from the second power storage device 5 to the inverter.
- the start switch 12 consists of an operation switch that enables the vehicle to run. After operating the start switch 12, the accelerator operation means 6 is operated to operate the motor 1 so that the vehicle can run. .
- the monitor 13 consists of an auxiliary device such as a liquid crystal monitor attached to the vehicle, and can display, for example, the state of the vehicle (speed, power storage state, presence/absence of failure, etc.), a map of the navigation system, and the like.
- a detection means 19 comprising a sensor for detecting the number of rotations of the motor 1 is provided, and the number of rotations of the motor 1 detected by the detection means 19 is predetermined.
- a predetermined braking torque corresponding to the operation amount of the regenerative brake operation means 8 is generated by the regenerative brake (particularly, in this embodiment, it is generated only by the regenerative brake).
- the maximum value of the predetermined braking torque is the rated torque of the motor 1 .
- FIG. 5 shows changes in each parameter when the accelerator operation means 6 and the regenerative brake operation means 8 are operated after the start switch 12 is turned on in the electric vehicle according to the above embodiment.
- charging is started after the start switch 12 is turned on, and the second power storage device 5 is charged when the motor 1 is stopped and powered.
- FCCNO function circuit control number
- control (main control) of the electric vehicle will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. First, in S1, it is determined whether or not the start switch 12 has been turned on. See) is determined whether or not it is greater. Then, when it is determined that the state of charge (Soc1) is greater than the predetermined lower limit value, request processing (S3), motor control (S4) and mechanical brake control (S5) are sequentially performed.
- Soc1 state of charge
- Soc1 state of charge
- S3 request processing
- S4 motor control
- S5 mechanical brake control
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the driving torque and braking torque of the driving wheels Ta and the vehicle speed. It is considered to have such characteristics.
- the driving torque in the case of high-speed running, the driving torque has a gradually decreasing relationship with the vehicle speed, whereas the braking torque has a constant relationship.
- the positive side (upper half) of the vertical axis indicates the drive torque corresponding to the operation amount of the accelerator operating means 6
- the negative side (lower half) of the vertical axis indicates the driving torque of the regenerative brake operating means 8.
- the braking torque corresponding to the manipulated variable is shown.
- Symbol Tm1 in the figure indicates the rated torque of the motor 1 .
- the relationship between the braking torque and the vehicle speed at the driven wheels Tb has characteristics as shown in FIG. is a characteristic as shown in Fig. 10.
- Figs.9 and 10 show the characteristic of the driven wheel Tb, the characteristic (braking torque) only on the minus side (lower half) of the vertical axis are shown.
- S1 it is determined whether or not the regenerative system is normal based on the presence or absence of a failure signal. or not) is determined, and if it is determined that the accelerator operation means 6 has been operated, the process proceeds to S5, where the motor torque ( Tm) is calculated.
- the process proceeds to S9, where the mechanical braking torque (Tbmr) corresponding to the operation amount of the regenerative brake operating means 8 is calculated based on Table 5 shown in FIG.
- a mechanical braking torque (Tbmf) corresponding to the operation amount of the mechanical brake operating means 7 is calculated based on the table 6 shown in FIG.
- the mechanical braking torque (Tbmr) calculated in S9 is used as the braking torque for the driving wheels Ta
- the mechanical braking torque (Tbmf) calculated in S13 is used as the braking torque for the driven wheels Tb.
- control of S21 is performed based on the control table of FIG.
- the contents of control by such a control table will be explained below.
- Table A on the premise that the current control of the inverter 2 is performed by PWM control (pulse width modulation), as shown in FIG. ( ⁇ ) can be controlled.
- Tables B to E which will be described later, also assume that the current control of the inverter 2 is performed by PWM control.
- the first switch S3 is in the connected state
- the second switch S4 is in the disconnected state
- the third switch S5 is in the connected state.
- energy is supplied from the first power storage device 4 to the second power storage device 5 while the output voltage (Vdc1) of the first power storage device 4 is stepped down.
- the second power storage device 5 can be charged. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the second power storage device 5 and prevent the second power storage device 5 from running out of energy when the vehicle is running, thereby extending the life of the first power storage device 4 .
- the electric vehicle can determine the state of charge of the second power storage device 5 based on the voltage of the second power storage device 5, and the state of charge of the second power storage device 5 is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- energy is supplied to the second power storage device 5 while the output voltage of the first power storage device 4 is stepped down.
- the motor 1 is regenerating, the first switch S3 is in the disconnected state, the second switch S4 is in the connected state, and the third switch S5 is in the disconnected state. ) is recovered, the regenerative energy can be efficiently recovered.
- the first switch S3 is turned off, the second switch S4 is connected, and the third switch S5 is turned off. Since energy is supplied from the device 4 and the second power storage device 5 to the inverter 2 , energy can be supplied from both the first power storage device 4 and the second power storage device 5 to the inverter 2 to run the electric vehicle.
- the first switch S3 is in the disconnected state
- the second switch S4 is in the disconnected state
- the third switch S5 is in the connected state, so that energy is supplied from the second power storage device 5 to the inverter 2.
- the electric vehicle can be driven by supplying energy from the second power storage device 5 while stopping the first power storage device 4 .
- the temperature state of the first power storage device 4 based on the temperature of the first power storage device 4, and when the temperature of the first power storage device 4 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value during power running of the motor 1, Since energy is supplied from the second power storage device 5 to the inverter 2 , overheating of the first power storage device 4 can be avoided, and energy can be supplied from the second power storage device 5 to run the electric vehicle.
- the power storage device includes a first power storage device 4 having high-capacity characteristics and a second power storage device 5 having high-output characteristics.
- a power converter having a function of stepping down the voltage is connected when the motor 1 is regenerating. Since the energy is recovered to the first power storage device 4 and the second power storage device 5 by using the power storage device 4, the rated torque can be obtained up to a higher rotation than the motor rotation speed at which the rated torque can be generated only by the first power storage device 4 when the motor 1 is regenerated. can be generated only by regenerative braking.
- the output voltage of the first power storage device 4 is stepped down when the motor is running, and energy is supplied from the first power storage device 4 and the second power storage device 5 to the inverter 2, the boosting function of the second power storage device 5 can be combined. , it is possible to step-down and step-up the voltage. Therefore, by stepping up and stepping down the output voltage of the first power storage device 4, it is possible to adjust the voltage to match the DC voltage setting of the inverter 2. Therefore, even if the setting value of the DC voltage of the inverter 2 changes, the voltage A standard product storage battery can be used, and an increase in manufacturing cost can be prevented.
- the switches S1 and S2 in the semiconductor switch elements 10a and 10b of the power converter 10 are duty-controlled so that the inverter DC voltage of the motor 1 is adjusted to the voltage of the first power storage device 4. can be optimally controlled for step-up/step-down.
- the first power storage device is more efficient than the first power storage device 4 alone that supplies the same amount of power running energy. Even when the current in the first power storage device 4 is small and the power running energy is large, the current in the first power storage device 4 can be reduced, and the life of the first power storage device 4 can be extended.
- the first power storage device 4 since the first power storage device 4 has higher voltage characteristics than the second power storage device 5 , it is possible to step down the output voltage of the first power storage device 4 and supply energy to the second power storage device 5 . In addition, since the amount of energy when first power storage device 4 is fully charged is greater than the amount of energy when second power storage device 5 is fully charged, energy is smoothly supplied from first power storage device 4 to second power storage device 5 . be able to. Furthermore, since the first power storage device 4 is a replaceable cassette-type power storage device, the first power storage device 4 can be replaced in a short period of time when necessary, and energy can be transferred from the first power storage device 4 to the second power storage device 5. It can be stably supplied.
- the present invention is not limited to this. may be added. Also, the semiconductor switch elements may be IGBTs instead of MOSFETs. Furthermore, it may be applied to a vehicle without the monitor 13, or to a three- or four-wheeled vehicle such as a buggy.
- the first switch When the motor is stopped and/or when the motor is powered, the first switch is connected, the second switch is disconnected, and the third switch is connected, and the output voltage of the first power storage device is stepped down while the first power storage device is turned on.
- it is an electric vehicle that supplies energy from the power storage device to the second power storage device, it can be applied to a vehicle that has a different external shape or a vehicle that has other functions added.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本実施形態に係る電動車両は、モータの駆動力により走行可能な自動二輪車等の鞍乗り型車両から成るもので、図1~4に示すように、モータ1と、インバータ2と、メカブレーキ(3a、3b)と、第1蓄電装置4と、第2蓄電装置5と、アクセル操作手段6と、メカブレーキ操作手段7と、回生ブレーキ操作手段8と、電力変換器10と、ECU11と、スタートスイッチ12と、モニタ13(補助装置)とを主に具備している。
先ず、S1にてスタートスイッチ12がオンしたか否か判定され、スタートスイッチ12がオンしたと判断されると、S2にて第1蓄電装置4の蓄電状態(Soc1)が所定下限値(図25参照)より大きいか否か判定される。そして、蓄電状態(Soc1)が所定下限値より大きいと判断されると、要求処理(S3)、モータ制御(S4)及びメカブレーキ制御(S5)が順次行われることとなる。
駆動輪Taにおける駆動トルク及び制動トルクと車速との関係は、図7に示すような特性とされ、駆動輪Taにおけるモータトルクとモータ1の回転数(ω)との関係は、図8に示すような特性とされる。特に、図7において、高速走行の場合、駆動トルクが車速に対して漸減関係にあるのに対し、制動トルクは一定関係となっている。なお、図8においては、縦軸のプラス側(上半分)がアクセル操作手段6の操作量に応じた駆動トルクを示しており、縦軸のマイナス側(下半分)が回生ブレーキ操作手段8の操作量に応じた制動トルクを示している。同図中の符号Tm1は、モータ1の定格トルクを示している。
先ず、S1にて故障信号の有無に基づいて回生システムが正常か否か判定され、故障信号がないと判断された場合、S2にてアクセル操作手段6の操作の有無(アクセル操作量Apが0より大きいか否か)が判定され、アクセル操作手段6の操作があると判断されると、S5に進み、図12に示すテーブル1に基づいてアクセル操作手段6の操作量に応じたモータトルク(Tm)が算出される。
先ず、S1にて故障信号の有無に基づいて回生システムが正常か否か判定され、故障信号がないと判断された場合、S2にてアクセル操作手段6の操作の有無(アクセル操作量Apが0より大きいか否か)が判定され、アクセル操作手段6の操作があると判断されると、S3にて第2蓄電装置5の蓄電状態(Soc2)が所定下限値(図26参照)より大きいか否か判定される。
FCCNO=1のとき、半導体スイッチ素子10a、10bのスイッチS1、S2が力行時にDuty制御されて電力変換器10が第1蓄電装置4の出力電圧を降圧するとともに、第1スイッチS3が接続状態(オン状態)、第2スイッチS4が遮断状態(オフ状態)及び第3スイッチS5が遮断状態(オフ状態)とされる。そして、FCCNO=1のとき、インバータ2の電流制御は、図20に示すテーブルAに基づいて行われる。
2 インバータ
3a 駆動輪メカブレーキ
3b 従動輪メカブレーキ
4 第1蓄電装置
4a 電圧検出センサ
4b 温度検出センサ
5 第2蓄電装置
5a 電圧検出センサ
6 アクセル操作手段
7 メカブレーキ操作手段
8 回生ブレーキ操作手段
9 ブレーキアクチュエータ
10 電力変換器
10a、10b 半導体スイッチ素子(MOSFET)
10c リアクトル(コイル)
11 ECU
12 スタートスイッチ
13 モニタ(補助装置)
14、15 半導体スイッチ素子(MOSFET)
16 インバータ制御部
17 回路制御部
18 メカブレーキ制御部
19 検知手段
Ta 駆動輪
Tb 従動輪
S3 第1スイッチ
S4 第2スイッチ
S5 第3スイッチ
Ca 平滑コンデンサ
Cb 平滑コンデンサ
Vdc1 第一蓄電装置(電池)電圧
Vdc2 第二蓄電装置(キャパシタ)電圧
Vinv インバータ直流電圧
V1 S2端子平均電圧
Claims (10)
- 力行可能なモータと、
直流電流から交流電流に変換可能なインバータと、
を有する電動車両であって、
高容量型の特性を有する第1蓄電装置と、
高出力型の特性を有する第2蓄電装置と、
力行時に降圧する機能を有する電力変換器と、
前記第1蓄電装置に力行時に降圧する機能を有する前記電力変換器が接続され、前記電力変換器のリアクトルと前記インバータの間に前記第2蓄電装置が直列に接続された回路と、
前記第2蓄電装置を介さずに前記電力変換器と前記インバータとを接続する回路を形成する第1スイッチと、
前記第2蓄電装置を介して前記電力変換器と前記インバータとを接続する回路を形成する第2スイッチと、
前記第2蓄電装置とグラウンドとを接続する回路を形成する第3スイッチと、
を具備し、
前記モータの停止時、及び/又は、前記モータの力行時に、前記第1スイッチを接続状態、前記第2スイッチを遮断状態及び前記第3スイッチを接続状態とし、前記第1蓄電装置の出力電圧を降圧しつつ当該第1蓄電装置から前記第2蓄電装置にエネルギを供給することを特徴とする電動車両。 - 前記第2蓄電装置の電圧に基づいて当該第2蓄電装置の蓄電状態を判断可能とされるとともに、前記第2蓄電装置の蓄電状態が所定値以下の場合、前記第1蓄電装置の出力電圧を降圧しつつ前記第2蓄電装置にエネルギを供給することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電動車両。
- 前記モータは、力行及び回生可能とされ、前記電力変換器は、力行時に降圧する機能と回生時に昇圧する機能とを有するとともに、前記モータの回生時において、前記第1スイッチを遮断状態、前記第2スイッチを接続状態及び前記第3スイッチを遮断状態とし、前記第2蓄電装置の出力電圧を昇圧しつつ当該第1蓄電装置及び前記第2蓄電装置でエネルギを回収することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電動車両。
- 前記モータの力行時において、前記第1スイッチを遮断状態、前記第2スイッチを接続状態及び前記第3スイッチを遮断状態とし、前記第1蓄電装置の出力電圧を降圧しつつ当該第1蓄電装置及び前記第2蓄電装置から前記インバータにエネルギを供給することを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1つに記載の電動車両。
- 前記モータの力行時において、前記第1スイッチを遮断状態、前記第2スイッチを遮断状態及び前記第3スイッチを接続状態とし、前記第2蓄電装置から前記インバータにエネルギを供給することを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1つに記載の電動車両。
- 前記第1蓄電装置の温度に基づいて当該第1蓄電装置の温度状態を判断可能とされるとともに、前記モータの力行時において、前記第1蓄電装置の温度が所定値以上の場合、前記第2蓄電装置から前記インバータにエネルギを供給することを特徴とする請求項5記載の電動車両。
- 前記第1蓄電装置は、前記第2蓄電装置より高電圧型の特性を有することを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1つに記載の電動車両。
- 前記第1蓄電装置の満充電時のエネルギ量は、前記第2蓄電装置の満充電時のエネルギ量より多いことを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1つに記載の電動車両。
- 前記第1蓄電装置は、交換可能なカセット型の蓄電装置から成ることを特徴とする請求項1~8の何れか1つに記載の電動車両。
- 前記第1蓄電装置は、高容量リチウムイオン電池又は高容量ニッケル水素電池から成り、前記第2蓄電装置は、高出力リチウムイオン電池、高出力ニッケル水素電池、リチウムイオンキャパシタ又は電気二重層キャパシタの何れかであることを特徴とする請求項1~9の何れか1つに記載の電動車両。
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Citations (4)
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JP2007336715A (ja) * | 2006-06-15 | 2007-12-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両用の電力供給装置 |
JP2009268343A (ja) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-11-12 | Panasonic Corp | 電源装置 |
JP2017099243A (ja) * | 2015-11-28 | 2017-06-01 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 電力供給システム及び輸送機器、並びに、電力伝送方法 |
JP2018166367A (ja) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | モータ制御装置 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007336715A (ja) * | 2006-06-15 | 2007-12-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両用の電力供給装置 |
JP2009268343A (ja) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-11-12 | Panasonic Corp | 電源装置 |
JP2017099243A (ja) * | 2015-11-28 | 2017-06-01 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 電力供給システム及び輸送機器、並びに、電力伝送方法 |
JP2018166367A (ja) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | モータ制御装置 |
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