WO2023030296A1 - 一种园林工具 - Google Patents

一种园林工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023030296A1
WO2023030296A1 PCT/CN2022/115745 CN2022115745W WO2023030296A1 WO 2023030296 A1 WO2023030296 A1 WO 2023030296A1 CN 2022115745 W CN2022115745 W CN 2022115745W WO 2023030296 A1 WO2023030296 A1 WO 2023030296A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
planetary gear
garden tool
reducer
tool according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/115745
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韦群力
石冬冬
施清华
季钦
陈辉
Original Assignee
格力博(江苏)股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202122103637.1U external-priority patent/CN215683465U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202122228458.0U external-priority patent/CN215935583U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111078282.3A external-priority patent/CN115804290A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202122825381.5U external-priority patent/CN216078154U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202220259436.2U external-priority patent/CN216693072U/zh
Application filed by 格力博(江苏)股份有限公司 filed Critical 格力博(江苏)股份有限公司
Priority to EP22863431.7A priority Critical patent/EP4385302A1/en
Publication of WO2023030296A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023030296A1/zh
Priority to US18/592,533 priority patent/US20240198786A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D69/00Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D69/06Gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/14Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/029Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by means for sealing the gearboxes, e.g. to improve airtightness
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/031Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by covers or lids for gearboxes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0412Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
    • F16H57/0415Air cooling or ventilation; Heat exchangers; Thermal insulations
    • F16H57/0416Air cooling or ventilation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/048Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0482Gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H57/0486Gearings with gears having orbital motion with fixed gear ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H57/082Planet carriers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/18Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with ribs or fins for improving heat transfer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H02K9/06Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D2101/00Lawn-mowers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/63Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
    • A01D34/64Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis mounted on a vehicle, e.g. a tractor, or drawn by an animal or a vehicle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D69/00Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D69/02Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers electric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/08Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation hand actuated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H1/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/46Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains each with orbital gears, i.e. systems having three or more central gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02034Gearboxes combined or connected with electric machines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02039Gearboxes for particular applications
    • F16H2057/02043Gearboxes for particular applications for vehicle transmissions
    • F16H2057/02052Axle units; Transfer casings for four wheel drive

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of garden tools, and in particular relates to a garden tool.
  • the parking method of garden tools usually adopts a mechanical brake structure, that is, using a transmission mechanism such as a pedal and a brake cable to drive a drum brake or a disc brake mechanism to directly lock the drive axle, but since the lawn mower uses a drive motor + gearbox
  • the structure, the drive motor and the gearbox itself have no locking function.
  • the whole machine is climbing, if the whole machine breaks down and the power is cut off, the vehicle cannot brake by itself.
  • the driver must step on the mechanical brake at the first time, otherwise it will cause Landslide danger.
  • long-term use of mechanical brakes will cause the brake pads to become thinner and the brake function will fail. Regular replacement of the brake pads is required. When the failure occurs when the whole machine is climbing, it will lead to the danger of landslides.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a garden tool that can save horizontal assembly space and improve stability.
  • a garden tool comprising:
  • At least two road wheels are respectively located on both sides of the fuselage
  • a drive unit the drive unit includes a drive motor and a reducer, the power input end of the reducer is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, the reducer is installed in the rim of the road wheel, and the reducer
  • the power output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the rim of the road wheel, and the casing of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the fuselage.
  • the reducer includes:
  • the mandrel is synchronously connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, the mandrel is provided with a first sun gear, and the first sun gear is fixed coaxially with the mandrel;
  • the first planetary gear bracket is rotatably connected with the core shaft, the first planetary gear bracket is provided with a first planetary gear and a second sun gear, and the first planetary gear is rotatably connected with the first planetary gear bracket , and the first planetary gear meshes with the first sun gear, and the second sun gear is coaxially fixed with the first planetary gear bracket;
  • the second planetary gear bracket is fixedly connected to the casing of the drive motor, and the second planetary gear bracket is rotatably provided with a second planetary gear, and the second planetary gear meshes with the second sun gear;
  • the reducer housing is fixedly connected to the rim, and the reducer housing is provided with a first inner ring gear and a second inner ring gear, and the first inner ring gear and the second inner ring gear are axially connected to each other Spaced apart, the first ring gear meshes with the first planetary gear, and the second ring gear meshes with the second planetary gear.
  • the reducer housing includes a cylindrical side wall and an end cover, the cylindrical side wall is rotatably connected to the second planetary wheel support through a bearing, and the end cover is fixed An end on the cylindrical side wall away from the driving motor.
  • a sliding sealing ring is provided between the cylindrical side wall and the casing of the driving motor.
  • the second planetary gear support and the casing of the driving motor are integrally structured.
  • the reducer housing is rotatably connected to the second planetary gear bracket through a bearing.
  • the mandrel and the output shaft of the drive motor are integrally structured.
  • the mandrel is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor in a detachable manner.
  • the first planetary gear support includes a first part and a second part that are arranged in separate parts, the first planetary gear is rotatably arranged on the first part, and the second The sun gear is fixedly connected to the second part, and the first part and the second part form synchronous rotation cooperation through keys or teeth.
  • heat dissipation ribs are provided on the outer wall of the casing of the drive motor, and fan blades are provided on the reducer housing toward the end of the casing of the drive motor. It is assembled so that when the reducer casing rotates relative to the casing of the drive motor, the airflow generated by the fan blades can flow through the cooling ribs.
  • the fan blade includes a ring-shaped base plate, and blades uniformly arranged along the circumference of the ring-shaped base plate, and one end of the reducer housing close to the casing of the drive motor A flange is provided, the ring-shaped base plate is installed on the side of the flange facing the casing of the driving motor, and the blades protrude toward the heat dissipation ribs.
  • the heat dissipation ribs protrude along the radial direction of the casing of the driving motor, the heat dissipation ribs are elongated, and the length direction of the heat dissipation ribs is in the same direction as the driving motor.
  • the axial direction of the housing of the motor is parallel.
  • the present invention also provides a garden tool, comprising:
  • At least two road wheels are respectively located on both sides of the fuselage
  • the hub motor is installed in the rim of the road wheel, the hub motor includes a motor body and a motor shaft, the motor body is fixedly connected to the rim of the road wheel, and the motor shaft is connected to the machine Body fixed.
  • it also includes:
  • a pedal the pedal is connected with the machine body; wherein, the pedal part is located between the two road wheels, and the front end of the pedal is located in front of the axis lines of the two road wheels.
  • the motor body includes a motor stator and a plurality of magnetic tiles, the motor stator is connected to the motor shaft, and each of the magnetic tiles is evenly spaced on the outer circumference of the motor stator. superior.
  • it also includes:
  • a motor seat one end of which is connected to the fuselage, and the other end is connected to the hub motor;
  • a circular keyway is provided on the end surface of the motor base close to the side of the hub motor, and the motor shaft is inserted into the circular keyway through a flat key.
  • an escape opening is provided on the fuselage, and the part of the motor shaft beyond the circular keyway passes through the escape opening and is bolted to the fuselage.
  • the rotation speed of the hub motor is 100-140 rpm.
  • the rated power of the in-wheel motor is 2.8-3.2 kW.
  • a shock absorber is further included, arranged under the pedal, one end is fixedly connected to the fuselage, and the other end abuts against the pedal.
  • the distance between the front end of the pedal and the axis lines of the two road wheels is between 70mm and 85mm.
  • the distance between the center of gravity of the garden tool and the axes of the two road wheels is between 500mm and 600mm.
  • a brake assembly is also included, and the brake assembly is arranged on the end face of the motor base close to the hub motor, and is connected to the brake handle of the garden tool in transmission; After the brake handle is tightened, the brake assembly abuts against the brake disc of the garden tool.
  • a battery pack is also included, which is arranged on the fuselage and used to provide power for the in-wheel motor.
  • the invention installs the drive unit in the rim, reduces the overall axial size of the walking unit, and reduces the lateral width of garden tools such as lawn mowers. These spaces can be used to install structures such as battery compartments and standing pedals, so that the center of gravity of lawn mowers and other garden tools can be designed lower, thereby improving their stability.
  • the airflow generated by the fan blade of the present invention flows along the outer wall of the casing, and when the airflow passes through, it exchanges heat with the heat dissipation ribs and the outer wall of the casing, thereby realizing cooling of the driving motor.
  • the electric lawn mower When the garden tool of the present invention is powered off, the electric lawn mower automatically enters the first state of braking the running wheels without the need for drivers and passengers to operate the mechanical brakes.
  • the whole machine When the whole machine is climbing, if a fault occurs As a result, the whole machine is powered off.
  • the electromagnetic brake mechanism automatically powers off and locks the car to avoid the risk of landslides caused by the driver's misoperation.
  • Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the mower provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the mower provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the travel drive mechanism provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the internal structure of the reducer provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the second planetary gear bracket and the second planetary gear provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the rotating bracket provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the travel drive mechanism provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the reducer provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is the rear view of the mower provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the mower provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the drive unit provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which the wheels are hidden;
  • Fig. 12 is an exploded view of the drive unit provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention, in which the wheels are hidden;
  • Fig. 13 is a transmission principle diagram of the drive motor and the reducer provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the housing of the drive motor provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the fan blade provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the reducer housing provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is an exploded view of the first planetary gear carrier and its related components provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 is shown as the usage state diagram of the standing lawnmower disclosed in the prior art.
  • Figure 19 shows a top view of a standing lawnmower disclosed in the prior art
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of the standing lawn mower provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-wheel motor provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of the motor base provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of the standing part provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is an exploded view of the pedal provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the size of the pedal provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 26 is a diagram of the use status of the standing lawnmower provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 27 is the front view of the standing lawn mower provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 28 is a top view of the standing lawn mower provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 29 is another usage state diagram of the standing lawn mower provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 30 is another usage status diagram of the standing lawn mower provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 31 is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of the electric lawn mower provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 32 is a top view of the electric lawn machine provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 33 is a sectional view of A-A direction in Fig. 32;
  • Fig. 34 is a sectional view of B-B direction in Fig. 33;
  • Fig. 35 is a schematic diagram of the electric lawn mower power system provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic diagram of another direction of the electric lawn mower power system provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 37 is the left side view of Fig. 35;
  • Figure 38 is an enlarged view of the cut-away structure in Figure 35;
  • FIG. 39 is an enlarged view of the cutaway structure in FIG. 36 .
  • a lawn mower includes a body 1, road wheels 22, a drive motor 71, a power battery and a speed reducer 72, as well as necessary mowing mechanisms, operating mechanisms, control modules and the like.
  • the fuselage 1 is a standing lawnmower fuselage 1, that is, the operator stands on the lawnmower to carry out mowing operations, it can be understood Yes, in addition to the above-mentioned models, the traveling drive mechanism of the present invention can also be applied to other types of lawn mowers such as riding lawn mowers and hand-push lawn mowers.
  • the road wheels 22 are located on both sides of the fuselage 1.
  • the road wheels 22 may be pneumatic wheels made of tires and hubs, or It is a one-piece wheel made of high molecular polymer, and the structure of the wheel is not limited to a certain form, but the premise is that the center of the wheel needs to have a cavity capable of accommodating the reducer 72 and even the drive motor 71 .
  • the drive motor 71 is fixedly connected to the fuselage 1;
  • the supporting structure of the body 1, so the casing of the driving motor 71 should have sufficient structural strength, for example, materials such as cast iron and cast aluminum can be used as the casing material of the driving motor 71.
  • the power input end of the reducer 72 is connected to the driving motor 71
  • the power output end of the reducer 72 is connected to the road wheels 22, and the reducer 72 is placed on In the axial space at the center of the traveling wheel 22, it can be understood that the reducer 72 can increase the output torque of the driving motor 71, thus reducing the power and size of the driving motor 71 under the premise of ensuring sufficient power.
  • the present invention places speed reducer 72 in the central axial space of walking wheel 22, and speed reducer 72 is used as the supporting shaft of walking wheel 22, has improved space utilization rate, has reduced the overall transverse width of mower, makes It has better motion flexibility under the premise of meeting the power design requirements.
  • the speed reducer 72 is a planetary speed reducer, and the characteristic of the planetary speed reducer is that it can produce a large reduction transmission ratio with a small axial dimension, and its axial length can even be smaller than the road wheel 22 width, so the speed reducer 72 can be completely hidden in the road wheels 22, greatly improving the utilization rate of the lateral space of the mower.
  • the reducer 72 includes a core shaft 721 , a first planetary gear support 725 , a second planetary gear support 728 and a reducer housing 722 .
  • the mandrel 721 is arranged at the center of the road wheel 22 along the axial direction of the road wheel 22, and the first sun gear 723 is arranged on the mandrel 721, and the first sun gear 723 and the mandrel 721 coaxial connection.
  • the first planetary gear bracket 725 is rotationally connected with the core shaft 721, the first planetary gear bracket 725 is provided with a first planetary gear 724 and a second sun gear 726, and the first planetary gear 724 is provided with multiple
  • the first planetary gear 724 is rotationally connected with the first planetary gear carrier 725, and the first planetary gear 724 is meshed with the first sun gear 723, and the second sun gear 726 is engaged with the first planetary gear
  • the wheel bracket 725 is coaxially fixed;
  • the second planetary gear bracket 728 is fixedly arranged relative to the housing of the drive motor 71, and a plurality of second planetary gears 727 are rotated on the second planetary gear bracket 728, and the The second planetary gear 727 meshes with the second sun gear 726;
  • the reducer housing 722 is fixedly connected to the travel wheel 22, and the reducer housing 722 is provided with a first ring gear 729 and a second ring gear 729
  • a ring gear 729 and a second ring gear 7210 are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction, the first ring gear 729 meshes with the first planetary gear 724, the second ring gear 7210 and the second ring gear 7210 The planet gears 727 mesh. It can be understood that, in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the speed reducer 72 is different from the traditional planetary speed reducer.
  • the present invention is provided with two sets of planetary gear mechanisms, and the ring gears of the two sets of planetary gear mechanisms (that is, the first An inner ring gear 729 and a second inner ring gear 7210) are fixedly connected to the reducer housing 722, so they can be driven from both ends of the reducer housing 722 to make the power distribution more even; in addition, the two The differential cooperation between the set of planetary wheels realizes the two-stage deceleration from the drive motor 71 to the road wheels 22, the transmission ratio is larger, and the torque is improved more significantly.
  • the mandrel 721 is connected to the main shaft of the drive motor 71 through a spline for synchronous rotation.
  • the reducer housing 722 includes a cylindrical side wall and an end cover, the cylindrical side wall is rotatably connected with the second planetary wheel bracket 728 through a bearing, and the end cover is fixed on the cylindrical side wall away from One end of the driving motor 71 .
  • One end of the mandrel 721 is rotatably connected to the end cover through a bearing, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second planetary wheel support 728 through a bearing.
  • the second planetary gear bracket 728 can be integrally processed and formed with the casing of the driving motor 71, and both are the same part, for example, a front end of the casing of the driving motor 71 is provided directly
  • the protruding structure, the second planetary gear 727 is directly installed on the protruding structure, which can simplify the assembly process, save materials, reduce costs, and make the assembly structure simpler, as long as the shell of the driving motor 71 is fixed on the vehicle body Just can realize fixing to the second planetary gear bracket 728;
  • the second planetary gear bracket 728 and the shell of drive motor 71 can also be processed and formed separately, and then the two are connected into one by means of welding, riveting, bolt connection, etc. One.
  • a sliding sealing ring is provided between the cylindrical side wall and the casing of the drive motor 71, it can be understood that the cylindrical side wall, the end cover and the casing of the drive motor 71 can Enclosed into a closed gear box, so that lubricant can be injected to improve the transmission efficiency of the speed reducer 72 .
  • a flange 23 is provided on the inner ring surface of the hub, and the flange 23 is detachably and fixedly connected to the reducer housing 722 .
  • the installation mode of walking wheel 22 is basically the same as common wheels, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance.
  • the driving mechanism further includes a brake 60 , and the brake 60 is disposed on a side of the driving motor 71 opposite to the speed reducer 72 .
  • the brake 60 is an electromagnetic brake 60, and the brake 60 includes a moving friction plate that is synchronously rotated with the main shaft of the drive motor 71, and a fixed friction plate that is relatively fixed to the shell of the drive motor 71, and is used to drive The moving friction plate is close to or away from the electromagnetic driver of the fixed friction plate.
  • the present invention adopts the electromagnetic brake 60 for braking, which has a smaller axial dimension and can further save the lateral space of the mower.
  • the maximum weight of the lawn mower provided in this embodiment can be 550kg, and the tire width W2 is selected in consideration of the tire load, and the size of W2 does not exceed 180mm.
  • the width W of the whole machine is not greater than 33 inches (838.2mm), and the width W1 of the position where people stand is at least greater than 400mm. Customers will not feel crowded when standing on the pedal.
  • the speed reducer 72 can increase the output torque of the driving motor 71, thus reducing the power and size of the driving motor 71 while ensuring sufficient power.
  • the present invention places the speed reducer 72 on the road wheels In the central axial space of 22, the reducer 72 is used as the supporting shaft of the walking wheel 22, which improves the space utilization rate and reduces the overall lateral width of the lawn mower, so that it has a better performance under the premise of meeting the power design requirements. movement flexibility.
  • the planetary reducer can produce a larger reduction transmission ratio with a smaller axial size, and its axial length can even be smaller than the width of the road wheel 22, so the speed reducer 72 can be completely hidden in the road wheel 22, greatly improving the cutting speed.
  • the present invention is provided with two groups of planetary gear mechanisms, and the ring gears of the two groups of planetary gear mechanisms are fixedly connected to the reducer housing 722, so it can be driven from both ends of the reducer housing 722 to make the power distribution It is more uniform; in addition, the differential cooperation between the two sets of planetary wheels realizes the two-stage deceleration from the drive motor 71 to the road wheels 22, the transmission ratio is larger, and the torque increase is more significant.
  • the present embodiment provides a lawn mower, including a fuselage 1 and two sets of walking units, and the two sets of walking units are placed on both sides of the fuselage 1.
  • the fuselage 1 The front end is provided with two steering wheels, and the traveling unit includes a traveling wheel 22 and a driving unit 70, and the driving unit 70 includes a driving motor 71 and a speed reducer 72;
  • a mowing mechanism can be arranged between the steering wheel and the rear wheel, and the mowing actuator generally includes a cutting knife and a cutting platform, as well as an independent motor for driving the movement of the cutting knife.
  • the mowing mechanism can not only be arranged between the front and rear wheels, but also can be arranged on the front side, the rear side or the side of the fuselage, for example, a seat can be arranged above the fuselage 1, so that the operator can ride On the lawn mower, for example, a corresponding joystick may be provided at the front end of the seat to control the walking and mowing of the lawn mower.
  • the battery compartment can be located at the rear end of the fuselage 1, for example, and the two sets of walking units can be arranged on both sides of the fuselage or under the fuselage, for example.
  • the walking unit of the present invention should be applicable to a wider range of application scenarios, and is not limited to a certain type of lawnmower.
  • above-mentioned lawnmower can also be hand-push lawnmower or standing lawnmower, and the change of lawnmower form can not produce substantive influence to structure and function of the present invention, and just because walking unit of the present invention With highly integrated features, it has high compatibility with most types of garden tools.
  • drive motor 71 comprises casing 712 and main shaft 711; It can be understood that, drive motor 71 should also have necessary stator and rotor, and wherein stator and casing 712 are fixed, and rotor is connected with main shaft 711.
  • the road wheel 22 includes a rim and a tire; it should be noted that, in the present invention, the rim refers to the rigid support structure of the inner ring of the road wheel 22, and the tire refers to the elastic buffer structure of the road wheel 22 periphery.
  • the rim and the tire are split structures, but the possibility of an integrated structure is not ruled out.
  • an integrally formed non-pneumatic wheel can also be used, which also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the reducer 72 is installed in the rim, and the reducer 72 includes a mandrel 721, a reducer housing 722 and a planetary reduction mechanism; specifically, the mandrel 721 is used as the power input of the reducer 72 end is connected to the main shaft 711 for synchronous rotation; the reducer housing 722 is fixedly connected to the rim as the power output end of the reducer 72; the planetary reduction mechanism is installed between the mandrel 721 and the reducer housing 722.
  • the speed reducer 72 is installed in the rim, which can be understood as using the speed reducer 72 as the supporting shaft of the road wheel 22.
  • the planetary speed reducer can use a relatively short axial space to achieve a reduction transmission with a large transmission ratio , on this basis, the present invention places the planetary reducer in the inner ring space of the walking wheel 22, further reducing the overall axial size of the walking unit, which is reflected in garden tools such as lawnmowers, that is, reducing the speed of the lawnmower.
  • garden tools such as lawnmowers
  • more horizontal space is reserved for garden tools such as lawn mowers.
  • These spaces can be used to install structures such as battery compartments and standing pedals, making the lawn mower
  • the center of gravity of other garden tools can be designed lower, thereby improving its stability.
  • the outer wall of the housing 712 is provided with cooling ribs 7121; the end of the reducer housing 722 close to the housing 712 is provided with fan blades 740, and the fan blades 740 are assembled as reducer housings.
  • the airflow generated by the fan blades 740 can flow through the cooling ribs 7121 .
  • the heat dissipation ribs 7121 protrude along the radial direction of the housing 712, the heat dissipation ribs 7121 are elongated, and the length direction of the heat dissipation ribs 7121 is parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft 711;
  • the fan blade 740 includes a ring-shaped substrate 741, and blades 742 uniformly arranged along the circumference of the annular base plate 741, a flange 7221 is provided on the reducer housing 722 near the end of the casing 712, and the annular base plate 741 is installed on the flange 7221 toward one side of the drive motor 71.
  • the blades 742 protrude toward the heat dissipation ribs 7121 .
  • the airflow generated by the fan blades 740 flows along the outer wall of the casing 712, and the flow direction of the airflow is roughly parallel to the axial direction of the drive motor 71.
  • An airflow passage is formed between the 7121, and the airflow passage is parallel to the axial direction of the driving motor 71, and the airflow generated by the fan blade 740 can pass through both sides of each heat dissipation rib 7121 without hindrance, and when the airflow passes, it is in contact with the heat dissipation rib 7121 and the outer wall of the housing 712 Heat exchange is performed to realize cooling of the drive motor 71 .
  • the specific structure of the fan blade 740 is not limited to the parts defined in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the blade 742 is directly processed at the end of the reducer housing 722, and the blade 742 can be integrally formed with the reducer housing 722 by casting or machining, for example.
  • the specific structure of the heat dissipation ribs 7121 is not limited to the parts defined in the above embodiments.
  • the heat dissipation ribs 7121 and the housing 712 can be arranged in a split structure, and the heat dissipation ribs 7121 can be made of copper or aluminum materials with better thermal conductivity. , improve the heat dissipation effect and reduce the manufacturing cost of the whole machine at the same time.
  • the planetary reduction mechanism includes a first sun gear 723, a first planetary gear 724, a first planetary gear bracket 725, a second sun gear 726, a second planetary gear 727, a second planetary gear
  • a planetary gear bracket 725 is rotatably connected, the second sun gear 726 is rotated synchronously with the first planetary gear bracket 725, the second planetary gear 727 is rotatably connected with the second planetary gear bracket 728, and the second planetary gear bracket 728 is fixedly connected with the housing 712 , the first ring gear 729 and the second ring gear 7210 are set to rotate synchronously with the reducer housing 722 respectively, the first planetary gear 724 meshes with the first sun gear 723 and the first ring gear 729 respectively, and the second planetary gear 727 meshes with the second
  • the second planetary gear bracket 728 and the housing 712 are provided as an integral structure, it can be understood that the second planetary gear bracket 728 and the housing 712 in this embodiment are integrated Processing and molding can simplify the assembly process on the one hand, reduce the cumulative assembly error of the whole machine, and reduce the assembly cost. On the other hand, it can make the structure of the whole machine more compact and further save the horizontal space of the lawn mower.
  • the second planetary gear bracket 728 and the housing 712 may also be of a split structure, and the two may be fixedly connected by bolts, for example.
  • the first planetary gear bracket 725 includes a first part 7251 and a second part 7252 which are arranged separately, the first planetary gear 724 is rotatably arranged on the first part 7251 , and the second sun gear 726 is connected to the second part 7252 are relatively fixed, and the first part 7251 and the second part 7252 form synchronous rotation cooperation through keys or teeth.
  • the first component 7251 includes a disc-shaped body, and the center of the disc-shaped body is provided with a spline hole.
  • This embodiment includes three first planetary gears 724, and the first planetary gears 724 are arranged at Around the spline hole; the second part 7252 includes a tubular shaft body, and the outer wall of the tubular shaft body is provided with a spline that matches the spline hole.
  • the second sun gear 726 is fixedly connected to the tubular shaft body.
  • the two sun gears 726 can be interference-fitted with the tubular shaft through processes such as cold sleeve and heat sleeve, for example.
  • the assembling method of the second sun gear 726 and the tubular shaft body is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, in fact, any assembling method that can make both of them rotate synchronously falls within the scope of the present invention. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the first planetary gear bracket 725 is divided into two parts, so as to facilitate the assembly of the first planetary gear 724 and the second sun gear 726 respectively.
  • the reducer housing 722 is rotationally connected to the second planetary gear support 728 through bearings.
  • the housing 712 is not only used as a supporting structure for the drive motor 71, but also as a The supporting structure of the whole walking wheel 22, when the speed reducer housing 722 is fixedly connected with the walking wheel 22, is equivalent to the rotation of the walking wheel 22 and is arranged on the casing 712.
  • the present invention uses the casing 712 as the supporting shaft of the walking wheel 22, so that the walking unit The structure is more compact.
  • an end cover 7222 is provided on the end of the reducer housing 722 away from the drive motor 71, and a sliding sealing ring is provided between the end of the reducer housing 722 close to the drive motor 71 and the second planetary wheel support 728 It can be understood that the reducer housing 722 and the end cover 7222 form a sealed gearbox, and lubricating oil can be injected into the gearbox to further improve the transmission efficiency of the planetary reduction mechanism.
  • the mandrel 721 and the main shaft 711 are provided as an integrated structure, which further simplifies the assembly process, reduces assembly errors, and improves transmission efficiency.
  • the mandrel 721 and the main shaft 711 may also be a split structure.
  • the reducer 72 is installed in the rim, which can be understood as using the reducer 72 as the supporting shaft of the road wheel 22.
  • the planetary reducer can use a short axial space to achieve a reduction transmission with a large transmission ratio.
  • the planetary reducer is placed in the inner ring space of the walking wheel 22, which further reduces the overall axial size of the walking unit and reduces the lateral width of garden tools such as lawn mowers, or in other words, under the same width condition , more horizontal space flows out for garden tools such as lawn mowers.
  • These spaces can be used to install structures such as battery compartments and standing pedals, so that the center of gravity of lawn mowers and other garden tools can be designed lower, thereby improving their stability. .
  • the airflow generated by the fan blades 740 flows along the outer wall of the casing 712, and the flow direction of the airflow is roughly parallel to the axial direction of the drive motor 71.
  • the cooling ribs 7121 are arranged in a strip shape, and an airflow channel is formed between adjacent cooling ribs 7121.
  • the airflow The channel is parallel to the axial direction of the drive motor 71, and the airflow generated by the fan blades 740 can pass through both sides of the heat dissipation ribs 7121 without hindrance. 71 cooldown.
  • the second planetary gear bracket 728 and the housing 712 of the present invention are integrally formed, which can simplify the assembly process and reduce the assembly cost on the one hand, and make the structure of the whole machine more compact on the other hand, reducing the cumulative assembly error of the whole machine.
  • the standing lawn mower 100 provides a standing lawn mower 100 for the user to stand on the lawn mower to trim the lawn, thereby improving the working efficiency and reducing the workload of the user.
  • the standing lawn mower 100 includes a body 10 , and a traveling mechanism 20 installed on the body 10 , an in-wheel motor 30 , a motor base 40 and a standing part 50 .
  • the stand-on lawn mower 100 also includes a battery pack for powering the in-wheel motor 30 , the body 10 is provided with a receiving slot, and the battery pack is arranged in the receiving slot.
  • the traveling mechanism 20 is installed on the fuselage 10 to complete the forward, backward and turning actions of the stand-on lawn mower 100 .
  • the running gear 20 includes a pair of front wheels 21 and two running wheels 22 opposite to the pair of front wheels 21, and the two running wheels 22 are used as rear wheels.
  • the front wheel 21 is set as a universal wheel
  • the road wheel 22 is set as a road wheel
  • the hub motor 30 is used to drive the road wheel 22 to rotate.
  • the road wheels 22 can also be set as universal wheels
  • the hub motor 30 is also used to drive the rotation of the front wheels 21 at this time.
  • the walking wheel 22 of this embodiment adopts an embedded hub structure, and the hub motor 30 can be arranged in the traveling wheel 22 during installation.
  • the hub motor 30 can be arranged in the traveling wheel 22 during installation.
  • the in-wheel motor 30 includes a motor body 31 and a motor shaft 32, the motor body 31 is arranged in the traveling wheel 22, and the end surface of the motor body 31 near the traveling wheel 22 is provided with a plurality of bolt columns 33, each bolt column 33 Evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and fixedly connected with the wheel hub of the road wheel 22.
  • the motor body 31 includes a motor stator and a plurality of magnetic tiles, the motor rotating shaft 32 is connected with the motor stator, the traveling wheel 22 is sleeved on the motor stator, and a plurality of magnetic tiles are evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the motor stator.
  • the in-wheel motor 30 may include a casing, and a plurality of magnetic tiles are fixedly arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the casing, and the plurality of magnetic tiles may be arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the casing, and the casing is fixedly connected with the traveling wheel 22 .
  • a plurality of magnetic tiles can rotate along the axial direction of the motor stator relative to the motor stator.
  • the running wheels 22 rotate to realize the movement of the mower 100 .
  • the motor base 40 includes a circular keyway 41, and the circular keyway 41 is arranged on the end face of the motor base 40 close to the hub motor 30.
  • the motor shaft 32 of the hub motor 30 is accommodated in the circular keyway 41, correspondingly , the motor shaft 32 is provided with a groove, and a flat key is fixedly arranged in the groove.
  • the fuselage 10 is provided with an escape opening 11 , and the part of the motor shaft 32 beyond the round keyway 41 passes through the avoidance opening 11 and is bolted to the fuselage 10 .
  • two in-wheel motors 30 can be provided, which are respectively arranged in one traveling wheel 22, and the two in-wheel motors 30 are independent of each other, and the speed and steering of each in-wheel motor 30 can be independently controlled; correspondingly, the motor
  • the number of seats 40 is also two, and each in-wheel motor 30 is connected to the fuselage 10 through one motor seat 40 respectively.
  • two wheel hub motors 30 are respectively arranged in one traveling wheel 22 , and the traveling wheel 22 with the wheel hub motors 30 can drive the standing lawn mower 100 to move forward and backward.
  • the standing mower 100 moves forward in a straight line.
  • the standing lawn mower 100 turns.
  • the standing lawn mower 100 turns right.
  • the standing lawn mower 100 turns left.
  • the standing mower Machine 100 realizes turning in situ.
  • the rotating speed of the wheel hub motor of the standing lawn mower 100 should consider the rotating speed of the blade.
  • the speed of the machine should also be increased to avoid uneven mowing.
  • the rotational speed of the blades also decreases.
  • the in-wheel motor 30 selected in this embodiment has an outer diameter of 230-260mm, its operating speed is 100-140rpm, and its rated power is 2.8-3.2kW.
  • the standing part 50 is arranged at the rear of the fuselage 10 , is fixedly connected with the fuselage 10 , and is located between the two walking wheels 22 ;
  • the standing part 50 includes a pedal 51 and a shock absorber 52, the pedal 51 is fixedly connected with the fuselage 10, wherein the pedal 51 is partly located between the two walking wheels 22, and the pedal is close to the direction of the front wheel 21 One end of the front wheel 21 is located between the axis lines of the two road wheels 22.
  • the shock absorber 52 is disposed under the pedal 51 , one end thereof is fixedly connected to the body 10 , and the other end abuts against the pedal 51 .
  • the shock-absorbing member 52 is a plurality of shock-absorbing springs, and the number of shock-absorbing springs at the central position of the standing portion is greater than that at the edge positions.
  • the pedal 51 is also provided with anti-skid lines 53, when the user stands on the pedal 51, the friction force between the sole of the user's foot and the surface of the pedal can be improved, which helps to improve the safety of the user.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions between the pedal 51 and the two traveling wheels 22 .
  • the two road wheels 22 have an axis line AA, and the distance L2 between the end of the pedal 51 close to the front wheel direction and the axis line AA is between 70 mm and 85 mm.
  • the horizontal distance is set to 78.6 mm.
  • the size of the pedal 51 can be appropriately increased, combined with the size and power of the above-mentioned hub motor 30, in this embodiment, the pedal 51 The area is between 19 ⁇ 104 ⁇ 20 ⁇ 104mm2.
  • the length L3 of the pedal 51 is set to 560mm, and the width L4 is set to 353mm.
  • r1 is the rotation radius of the user; r2 is the turning radius.
  • Fig. 26 and Fig. 27 adopt the above-mentioned solution in this embodiment, when the user controls the standing lawn mower 100, properly adjust the standing position so that the center of gravity of the human body coincides with the midpoint of the center line of the walking wheel axis, that is Located on the rotation axis of the stand-on lawn mower 100, there is no radius of rotation at this time, so when the stand-on lawn mower 100 rotates, the centrifugal force on the user is small, close to zero, which can effectively protect the safety of the user.
  • a center line BB in the forward direction of the standing lawn mower 100, the center of gravity G2 of the standing lawn mower 100 is on the center line BB, and along the direction of the center line BB, the center of gravity G2 and the two road wheels
  • the distance L5 of the axis line of 22 is between 500m and 600mm.
  • Fig. 29 and Fig. 30, Fig. 29 and Fig. 30 have shown the stressed states of the standing mower 100 at different slopes.
  • the moment MG2 is greater than the moment MG1, the standing lawn mower 100 will not roll over.
  • the center of gravity G2 should be designed as close to the front position of the vehicle as possible, combined with the overall spatial layout.
  • the distance L5 is set It is 580mm.
  • the pedal 51 is arranged between the two walking wheels 22.
  • the center of gravity G1 of the human body is close to the rotation axis, which can greatly reduce the moment MG1, thereby reducing the risk of the standing lawn mower 100 overturning, thereby protecting the User Safety.
  • the standing lawn mower 100 also includes a brake assembly 60, the brake assembly 60 is arranged on the end face of the motor base 40 near the wheel hub motor 30, and is connected to the brake handle transmission of the standing lawn mower 100.
  • the end surface of the motor base 40 near the wheel hub motor 30 is provided with a fixed piece 42, and the brake assembly 60 is fixed on the motor base 40 through the fixed piece 42.
  • the brake assembly 60 When the brake handle is tightened, the brake assembly 60 and the standing The brake disc of the type lawn mower 100 abuts against each other, so that the road wheels 22 stop rotating.
  • the brake disc is arranged on the end cover of the hub motor 30 close to the motor shaft 32, and is connected with the hub motor end cover by bolts.
  • the brake assembly 60 is a conventional structure in the prior art, which can be realized with mature devices and design methods. This solution does not limit its specific structure. Considering that the mechanical brake is more reliable, the mechanical brake assembly is selected in this implementation. .
  • the hub motor 30 and the brake assembly 60 can be installed on the motor base 40 in advance.
  • the whole vehicle it is only necessary to fix the motor base 40 on the fuselage 10, and set the two running wheels 22 on the hub On the motor 30, the installation can be completed, thereby saving a lot of assembly time.
  • the standing lawnmower of this embodiment has simple structure, compact space, and convenient installation. While ensuring the structural strength requirements of the lawnmower, it saves the space at the rear of the lawnmower and is used for people. Standing comfortably, and the center of gravity of the human body is designed at the midpoint of the axis of the two walking wheels, so that the lawn mower does not generate centrifugal force when turning at high speed, ensuring the safety of the user. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial application value.
  • the present embodiment provides an electric lawn machine, the electric lawn machine automatically enters the state of braking the road wheels 22 when the power is cut off, which can improve the interruption of the existing lawn machine in the climbing process. Electricity can not achieve the problem of self-braking.
  • the above-mentioned electric lawn machine includes a fuselage 1 , a drive unit 70 , an energy device (not shown) and an electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 .
  • the rear side of the fuselage 1 is provided with two road wheels 22, and the front side of the fuselage 1 is provided with two driven wheels.
  • the vehicle adopts a front drive form,
  • the driving wheel is arranged on the front side of the vehicle body, and the driven wheel is arranged on the rear side of the vehicle body.
  • the two electric traveling wheels 22 are respectively driven by two driving units 70, and the output shafts of the two driving units 70 are respectively connected with the two traveling wheels 22 through the hubs, and provide power support for the traveling wheels 22;
  • the device (not shown) supplies energy for the drive unit 70.
  • the energy device in the present invention includes but is not limited to a battery pack.
  • the battery pack can be composed of a plurality of single battery packs capable of powering the hand-held electric tool, or can be It is an integral large battery pack; two electromagnetic brake mechanisms 80 are installed on the two drive units 70 respectively, and are electrically connected to the energy device, and the two electromagnetic brake mechanisms 80 have output corresponding to the drive unit 70 A first state of shaft braking and a second state of releasing the output shaft; wherein the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 is in the first state in a power-off state. When the power is turned off, the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 loses power and the electric lawn machine automatically enters the first state of braking the running wheels 22, without the need for drivers and passengers to operate mechanical brakes.
  • the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 includes: a box body 810 , a brake pad 801 , a pressure plate 802 , at least one elastic member 803 and an electromagnetic coil 820 .
  • the casing 810 is mounted on the motor casing 711 of the driving unit 70 away from the side of the road wheel 22 through the first bolt 812, and is provided with a brake stop body 811; 22, the other end of the output shaft extends out of the casing of the drive unit 70 and into the box body 810, and the brake pad 801 is slidably installed on the side where the output shaft of the drive unit 70 extends into the box body 810 On one end, and located on the side of the brake stop body 811 away from the road wheel 22, the brake pad 801 stops with the output shaft in the circumferential direction, but can be moved within the first distance range L1 in the axial direction.
  • the pressure plate 802 is slidably installed on the box body 810 on the side of the brake pad 801 away from the stop structure, and can be axially positioned at the second Sliding within the distance range L2; at least one elastic member 803 is installed on the box body 810, and presses the pressure plate 802 to press the brake pad 801 on the brake stop body 811; the electromagnetic coil 820 After being electrified, the pressure plate 802 overcomes the force of the elastic member 803 and moves to the side away from the brake pad 801 , so as to release the pressure plate 802 from squeezing the brake pad 801 .
  • the first distance range L1 is smaller than the second distance range L2.
  • the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 includes a manual release assembly 830 for manually opening and closing the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 .
  • the manual release assembly 830 includes a connecting plate 831 and an operating part 808, the connecting plate 831 is connected to the pressing plate 802, the connecting plate 831 has a threaded through hole 8311, and the operating part 808 is screwed and installed on the In the threaded through hole 8311, and against the wall of the box body 810, the connecting plate 831 of the operating part 808 is rotated to drive the pressure plate 802 to approach or move away from the brake pad 801.
  • the operating part 808 can be any structure suitable for manual screwing.
  • the operating part 808 is a manual turntable.
  • a stud 832 is arranged on the manual turntable, and the end of the stud 832 is screwed into the threaded through hole 8311 on the connecting plate 831, and the end is pushed against the outer wall of the box body 810, and the manual turntable rotates, The stud 832 rotates in the threaded through hole 8311 , so that the connecting plate 831 moves to the side away from the brake pad 801 , thereby releasing the extrusion of the pressure plate 802 to the brake pad 801 .
  • the sliding installation of the pressure plate 802 on the box body 810 and the connection mode between the pressure plate 802 and the connecting plate 831 can be various. Please refer to FIG. 39.
  • the box body 810 A plurality of guide through holes are provided, and a guide body 804 is slidably installed in each of the guide through holes, and the pressure plate 802 is connected with one end of the guide body 804 through a second bolt 806, and the connecting plate 831 is connected with the other end of the guide body 804 through a third bolt 805 .
  • the number of the elastic member 803 in the present invention can be one, two or more.
  • the elastic member 803 is a spring, and there is only one.
  • the spring is coaxially sleeved on the output shaft, and one end is fixed.
  • the elastic member 803 is a spring in this embodiment
  • the elastic member 803 is divided into two groups, respectively the first spring group and the second spring group, the multiple springs of the first spring group are evenly distributed on the first circumference, and the multiple springs of the second spring group
  • the two springs are evenly distributed on the second circle, the first circle and the second circle are coaxial with the output shaft and do not overlap, the electromagnetic coil 820 is arranged between the first circle and the second circle, this structure can make the pressure plate no matter in Under the condition of only bearing the pressure of the elastic member 803 or under the joint action of the electromagnetic coil 820 and the elastic member 803, the force can be uniform and have high stability.
  • the sliding installation method of the brake pad 801 on the output shaft is not limited.
  • it can be connected by a flat key or a spline.
  • the flat key and spline can meet the needs of power transmission, and can also realize sliding guidance within a certain range. effect.
  • the brake pad 801 is connected to the output shaft through a spline, and the spline can make the force on the brake pad 801 more uniform and prevent the brake pad 801 from cracking when the force is relatively concentrated.
  • a circlip 807 is installed on the output shaft on the side of the brake pad 801 away from the brake stop body 811, and the circlip 807 can be a brake pad 801
  • the movement provides limit, and has the advantages of easy installation and low cost.
  • the brake stop body 811 can be arranged in various ways on the box body 810, such as an integrated casting structure with the box body 810, or bonding a brake disc on the box body 810, etc., but considering the manufacturing For the wearability of the moving disc, please refer to Figure 38.
  • the brake stop body 811 is a brake disc detachably mounted on the casing 810. When the brake disc wears or It can be disassembled and replaced when damaged, reducing maintenance costs.
  • the installation form of the box body 810 on the shell 712 can be various, it can be integrally cast with the box body 810, and can also be welded. Please refer to Figure 38.
  • the The box body 810 is detachably mounted on the housing 712 to facilitate disassembly and maintenance of the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 when necessary.
  • the output shaft in the present invention can be any output shaft that can provide power for the road wheel 22, such as the output shaft of the motor output shaft or the output shaft of the reducer 72, please refer to Figure 38 and Figure 39, in an embodiment of the present invention, the output shaft is an output shaft of a motor, and the output shaft of the motor drives the traveling wheels 22 through a reducer 72 .
  • the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 is arranged at the end of the motor output shaft away from the road wheel 22, and when necessary, the motor output shaft cannot be rotated to achieve braking and locking of the road wheel 22.
  • the output shaft of the motor can be directly connected with the road wheels 22 instead of being connected with the road wheels 22 after being decelerated by the speed reducer 72 .
  • the output shaft is the output shaft of the speed reducer
  • the output shaft of the motor is connected to the input shaft of the speed reducer 72
  • the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 is set at the output shaft of the speed reducer away from the road wheels 22, and if necessary, by making the output shaft of the speed reducer unable to rotate, the brake locking of the road wheel 22 is realized.
  • the switch between the first state and the second state of the electric lawn machine can be realized by a switch, but in consideration of automation requirements, in an embodiment of the present invention, the electric lawn machine also includes a controller (not shown) Out), the controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80, and controls the switching of the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 between the first state and the second state. The operator can change the state of the electromagnetic brake mechanism 80 as required through the controller.
  • the present invention may also include other human-computer interaction interfaces such as touch screens, which will not be repeated here.
  • the fuselage 1 is provided with a driver's seat, and a driver's seat is provided with a driver's presence detection device (not shown). out), the presence detection device is electrically connected to the controller.
  • the presence detection device can be a switch, a sensor, etc.
  • the switch is engaged (disconnected) when the driver is present, and is disconnected (joined) when not present, thereby sending a signal to the controller to de-energize the electromagnetic brake.
  • the controller When the whole machine is on a slope with a slope, if the driver leaves the seat to set the time and forgets to turn off the power to lock the car, the controller will control the power off of the whole machine at this time, and the electromagnetic brake will automatically turn off the power to lock the car to realize parking.
  • the duration of the set time is 3 to 10 seconds, such as 3 seconds, 6 seconds and 10 seconds, etc.
  • the set time of 5 seconds is preferably used, and this time range can avoid The driver's mistakenly out-of-position state caused by bumps will not be too long to cause a safety hazard in the vehicle.
  • the power once it is detected to leave the seat, the power will be turned off and the car will be locked.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is as follows: when the whole machine is in a power-off state, the electromagnetic coil 820 is not powered, and the electromagnetic coil 820 does not work at this time, and the elastic member 803 compresses the pressure plate 802, the brake pad 801 and the brake disc together , the frictional force on the braking surface of the brake pad 801 is extremely large, enough to lock the output shaft of the driving motor to rotate in a normal way to realize the parking function.
  • the controller controls the electromagnetic brake to be powered on after the self-test is completed. At this time, the electromagnetic coil 820 will generate suction due to the electromagnetic effect, and the pressure plate 802 will be sucked.
  • the pressure plate 802 is separated from the brake pad 801, and the motor is driven. After the output shaft starts to rotate, the brake pad 801 is separated from the brake disc under the action of centrifugal force, and now the complete machine can run normally.
  • the connecting plate 831 can be disengaged from the electromagnetic brake box 810 by rotating the manual release assembly 830. Since the pressing plate 802 is fixed together with the connecting plate 831 through the guide body 804, the pressing plate 802 is out of contact with the brake pad 801, and the brake function is released.

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Abstract

一种园林工具,包括机身(1);至少两个行走轮(22),分别位于所述机身(1)的两侧;驱动单元;所述驱动单元安装在所述行走轮(22)的轮辋内。将驱动单元安装在轮辋内,减小了行走单元整体轴向尺寸,减小了割草机等园林工具的横向宽度,在相同宽度条件下,为割草机等园林工具留出了更多的横向空间,这些空间可以用来安装电池仓、站立踏板等结构,使割草机等园林工具的重心可以设计得更低,从而提高其稳定性。

Description

一种园林工具 技术领域
本发明属于园林工具领域,具体涉及一种园林工具。
背景技术
割草机等园林工具通常采用电机提供动力源,通过减速箱转换输出较大扭矩,以满足工作需要。然而,电机和减速箱占用空间较大,会侵占其它模块的安装空间,导致园林工具整体重心无法设置于理想位置,影响园林工具的稳定性。
园林工具的驻车方式通常采用机械刹车结构,即利用脚踏板和刹车拉线等传动机构,带动鼓刹或者碟刹机构直接锁住驱动桥,但由于割草机是采用驱动电机+齿轮箱的结构,驱动电机和齿轮箱本身没有锁止功能,当整机爬坡时,如果整机出现故障导致断电,车辆无法实现自行刹车,驾驶者必须第一时间踩住机械刹车,不然就会产生滑坡危险,另外,机械刹车长期使用会导致刹车片变薄,刹车功能失效,需要定期更换刹车片,当失效发生在整机爬坡时会导致滑坡危险。
现有园林工具由于安装空间有限,无法预留充足的散热通道,导致电机等用电设备的散热不畅,影响设备使用寿命。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种能够节省横向装配空间,提升稳定性的园林工具。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的,本发明提供一种园林工具,包括:
机身;
至少两个行走轮,分别位于所述机身的两侧;
驱动单元,所述驱动单元包括驱动电机和减速器,所述减速器的动力输入端与所述驱动电机的输出轴连接,所述减速器安装在所述行走轮的轮辋内,所述减速器的动力输出端与所述行走轮的轮辋固定连接,所述驱动电机的外壳与所述机身固定连接。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述减速器包括:
芯轴,所述芯轴与所述驱动电机的输出轴同步转动连接,所述芯轴上设有第一太阳轮,所述第一太阳轮与所述芯轴同轴固接;
第一行星轮支架,与所述芯轴转动连接,所述第一行星轮支架上设有第一行星轮和第二 太阳轮,所述第一行星轮与所述第一行星轮支架转动连接,且第一行星轮与所述第一太阳轮啮合,所述第二太阳轮与所述第一行星轮支架同轴固接;
第二行星轮支架,与所述驱动电机的外壳固定连接,所述第二行星轮支架上转动设置有第二行星轮,所述第二行星轮与所述第二太阳轮啮合;
减速器壳体,与所述轮辋固接,所述减速器壳体上设有第一内齿圈和第二内齿圈,所述第一内齿圈和第二内齿圈沿轴向相互间隔设置,所述第一内齿圈与所述第一行星轮啮合,所述第二内齿圈与所述第二行星轮啮合。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述减速器壳体包括筒状侧壁和端盖,所述筒状侧壁通过轴承与所述第二行星轮支架转动连接,所述端盖固定在所述筒状侧壁上远离所述驱动电机的一端。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述筒状侧壁与所述驱动电机的外壳之间设有滑动密封圈。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述第二行星轮支架与所述驱动电机的外壳为一体式结构。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述减速器壳体通过轴承与所述第二行星轮支架转动连接。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述芯轴与所述驱动电机的输出轴为一体式结构。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述芯轴与所述驱动电机的输出轴之间以可拆卸的方式连接。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述第一行星轮支架包括分体式设置的第一部件和第二部件,所述第一行星轮转动设置于所述第一部件,所述第二太阳轮与所述第二部件相对固接,所述第一部件与所述第二部件之间通过键或齿构成同步转动配合。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述驱动电机的外壳的外壁上设有散热筋,所述减速器壳体上朝向所述驱动电机的外壳的一端设有风叶,所述风叶被装配为当所述减速器壳体相对于所述驱动电机的外壳转动时,所述风叶产生的气流能够流经所述散热筋。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述风叶包括环状基板,以及沿所述环状基板的周向均匀布置的叶片,所减速器壳体上靠近所述驱动电机的外壳的一端设有凸缘,所述环状基板安装于所述凸缘上朝向所述驱动电机的外壳的一侧,所述叶片朝向所述散热筋凸伸设置。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述散热筋沿所述驱动电机的外壳的径向凸伸设置,所述散热筋为长条状,且所述散热筋的长度方向与所述驱动电机的外壳的轴线方向平行。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的,本发明还提供一种园林工具,包括:
机身;
至少两个行走轮,分别位于所述机身的两侧;
轮毂电机,所述轮毂电机安装在所述行走轮的轮辋内,所述轮毂电机包括电机本体和电机转轴,所述电机本体与所述行走轮的轮辋固接,所述电机转轴与所述机身固接。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,还包括:
踏板,所述踏板与所述机体连接;其中,所述踏板部分位于两个所述行走轮之间,且所述踏板的前端位于两个所述行走轮的轴心线的前方。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述电机本体包括电机定子和多个磁瓦,所述电机定子与所述电机转轴连接,各所述磁瓦均匀分别在所述电机定子的外圆周上。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,还包括:
电机座,其一端与所述机身连接,另一端与所述轮毂电机连接;
所述电机座靠近所述轮毂电机一侧的端面上设有圆键槽,所述电机转轴通过平键插设于所述圆键槽内。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述机身上设有避让口,所述电机转轴超出所述圆键槽的部分穿过所述避让口,与所述机身螺栓连接。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述轮毂电机的转速为100~140rpm。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述轮毂电机的额定功率为2.8~3.2kW。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,还包括减震件,设置在所述踏板的下方,一端与所述机身固定连接,另一端与所述踏板抵接。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,所述踏板的前端与两个行走轮的轴心线的距离位于70~85mm之间。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,在所述园林工具的前进方向上,所述园林工具的重心与两个行走轮的轴心线的距离位于500~600mm之间。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,还包括刹车组件,所述刹车组件设置于所述电机座靠近所述轮毂电机一侧的端面上,并与所述园林工具的刹把传动连接;所述刹把被握紧后,所述刹车组件与所述园林工具的刹车盘相抵接。
在本发明的一可选实施例中,还包括电池包,其设置于所述机身上,用于为所述轮毂电机提供动力。
本发明的技术效果在于:
本发明将驱动单元安装在轮辋内,减小了行走单元整体轴向尺寸,减小了割草机等园林工具的横向宽度,在相同宽度条件下,为割草机等园林工具流出了更多的横向空间,这些空间可以用来安装电池仓、站立踏板等结构,使割草机等园林工具的重心可以设计的更低,从 而提高其稳定性。
本发明的风叶产生的气流沿所述外壳的外壁流动,气流通过时与所述散热筋和外壳的外壁进行热交换,从而实现对驱动电机的冷却。
本发明的园林工具在断电时,电磁刹车机构失电电动草坪机自动进入将所述行走轮制动的第一状态,无需驾乘人员操作机械刹车,当整机爬坡时,如果出现故障导致整机断电,此时电磁刹车机构自动断电锁车,避免驾驶者因误操作导致的滑坡风险。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例1所提供的割草机的立体结构示意图;
图2是本发明的实施例1所提供的割草机的立体结构示意图;
图3是本发明的实施例1所提供的行走驱动机构的爆炸图;
图4是本发明的实施例1所提供的减速器内部结构爆炸图;
图5是本发明的实施例1所提供的第二行星轮支架与第二行星轮的爆炸图;
图6是本发明的实施例1所提供的转动支架的立体图;
图7是本发明的实施例1所提供的行走驱动机构的剖视图;
图8是本发明的实施例1所提供的减速器的原理图;
图9是本发明的实施例1所提供的割草机的后视图;
图10是本发明的实施例2所提供的割草机的立体图;
图11是本发明的实施例2所提供的驱动单元的剖视图,图中隐去了车轮;
图12是本发明的实施例2所提供的驱动单元的爆炸图,图中隐去了车轮;
图13是本发明的实施例2所提供的驱动电机与减速器的传动原理图;
图14是本发明的实施例2所提供的驱动电机的外壳的立体图;
图15是本发明的实施例2所提供的风叶的立体图;
图16是本发明的实施例2所提供的减速器壳体的立体图;
图17是本发明的实施例2所提供的第一行星轮支架及其相关部件的爆炸图;
图18显示为现有技术中公开的站立式割草机的使用状态图;
图19显示为现有技术中公开的站立式割草机的俯视图;
图20是本发明的实施例3所提供的站立式割草机的结构示意图;
图21是本发明的实施例3所提供的轮毂电机的结构示意图;
图22是本发明的实施例3所提供的电机座的结构示意图;
图23是本发明的实施例3所提供的站立部的结构示意图;
图24是本发明的实施例3所提供的踏板的结构分解图;
图25是本发明的实施例3所提供的踏板的尺寸示意图;
图26是本发明的实施例3所提供的站立式割草机的使用状态图;
图27是本发明的实施例3所提供的站立式割草机的主视图;
图28是本发明的实施例3所提供的站立式割草机的俯视图;
图29是本发明的实施例3所提供的站立式割草机的另一种使用状态图;
图30是本发明的实施例3所提供的站立式割草机的另一种使用状态图;
图31是本发明的实施例4所提供的电动草坪机的三维爆炸示意图;
图32是本发明的实施例4所提供的电动草坪机的俯视图;
图33是图32中A-A向的剖视图;
图34是图33中B-B向的剖视图;
图35是本发明的实施例4所提供的电动草坪机动力系统的一示意图;
图36是本发明的实施例4所提供的电动草坪机动力系统的另一方向的示意图;
图37是图35的左视图;
图38是图35中剖开结构的放大图;
图39是图36中剖开结构的放大图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想,遂图示中仅显示与本发明中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、形状及尺寸绘制,其实际实施时各组件的型态、数量及比例可为一种随意的改变,且其组件布局型态也可能更为复杂。
实施例1
请参见图1-9所示,一种割草机,包括机身1、行走轮22、驱动电机71、动力电池和减速器72,以及必要的割草作业机构、操纵机构、控制模块等。
请参见图1-9所示,在本发明的图示实施例中,所述机身1为站立式割草机机身1,即操作人员站立在割草机上进行割草作业,可以理解的是,除上述机型以外,本发明的行走驱动机构还可以应用于坐骑式割草机、手推式割草机等其它割草机机型。
请参见图1-9所示,所述行走轮22位于所述机身1的两侧,在一具体实施例中,所述行 走轮22例如可以是由轮胎和轮毂构成的充气车轮,也可以是由高分子聚合物制成的一体式车轮,车轮的结构不拘泥于某一种形式,然而前提是,车轮中心需要具有能够容纳减速器72甚至驱动电机71的空腔。
请参见图1-9所示,所述驱动电机71与所述机身1固接;可以理解的是,本发明中的驱动电机71不仅仅作为驱动元件,更要作为连接行走轮22和机身1的支撑结构,因此驱动电机71的外壳应当具有足够的结构强度,例如可以采用铸铁、铸铝等材料作为驱动电机71的外壳材料。
请参见图1-9所示,所述减速器72的动力输入端与所述驱动电机71连接,所述减速器72的动力输出端与所述行走轮22连接,所述减速器72安置于所述行走轮22中心的轴向空间内,可以理解的是,减速器72能够增大驱动电机71的输出扭矩,因而能够在保证动力充足的前提下,减小驱动电机71的功率和尺寸,同时,本发明将减速器72置于行走轮22的中心轴向空间内,将减速器72作为行走轮22的支撑轴,提高了空间利用率,减小了割草机的整体横向宽度,使其在满足动力设计要求的前提下具有更好的运动灵活性。
请参见图1-9所示,所述减速器72为行星减速器,行星减速器的特点是能够以较小的轴向尺寸产生较大的减速传动比,其轴向长度甚至可以小于行走轮22的宽度,因此减速器72能够完全藏匿于所述行走轮22内,大幅提高割草机横向空间利用率。
请参见图1-9所示,在本发明的更进一步实施例中,所述减速器72包括芯轴721、第一行星轮支架725、第二行星轮支架728和减速器壳体722。所述芯轴721沿所述行走轮22的轴向设置于所述行走轮22的中心,所述芯轴721上设有第一太阳轮723,所述第一太阳轮723与所述芯轴721同轴固接。所述第一行星轮支架725与所述芯轴721转动连接,所述第一行星轮支架725上设有第一行星轮724和第二太阳轮726,所述第一行星轮724设有多个,所述第一行星轮724与所述第一行星轮支架725转动连接,且第一行星轮724与所述第一太阳轮723啮合,所述第二太阳轮726与所述第一行星轮支架725同轴固接;所述第二行星轮支架728相对于所述驱动电机71的外壳固定设置,所述第二行星轮支架728上转动设置有多个第二行星轮727,所述第二行星轮727与所述第二太阳轮726啮合;所述减速器壳体722与所述行走轮22固接,所述减速器壳体722上设有第一内齿圈729和第二内齿圈7210,第一内齿圈729和第二内齿圈7210与减速器壳体722可通过过盈配合或者固定销、螺栓等固接,从而带动减速器壳体722转动,所述第一内齿圈729和第二内齿圈7210沿轴向相互间隔设置,所述第一内齿圈729与所述第一行星轮724啮合,所述第二内齿圈7210与所述第二行星轮727啮合。可以理解的是,在本发明的具体实施例中,所述减速器72有别于传统的行星减速 器,本发明设置了两组行星轮机构,两组行星轮机构的内齿圈(即第一内齿圈729和第二内齿圈7210)均与所述减速器壳体722固接,因此能够从减速器壳体722的两端对其进行驱动,使动力分配更加均匀;另外,两组行星轮之间的差动配合实现了从驱动电机71到行走轮22的两级减速,传动比更大,扭矩提升更加显著。
请参见图1-9所示,所述芯轴721通过花键与所述驱动电机71的主轴同步转动连接。所述减速器壳体722包括筒状侧壁和端盖,所述筒状侧壁通过轴承与所述第二行星轮支架728转动连接,所述端盖固定在所述筒状侧壁上远离所述驱动电机71的一端。所述芯轴721的一端通过轴承与所述端盖转动连接,另一端通过轴承与所述第二行星轮支架728转动连接。在本发明的具体实施例中,所述第二行星轮支架728可以与所述驱动电机71的外壳一体式加工成型,两者为同一部件,例如直接在所述驱动电机71的外壳前端设置一凸伸结构,所述第二行星轮727直接安装在该凸伸结构上,这样能够简化装配流程,节省材料,降低成本,同时使装配结构更加简单,只要将驱动电机71的外壳固定在车身上就能实现对第二行星轮支架728的固定;除此之外,第二行星轮支架728和驱动电机71外壳也可以单独加工成型,再通过焊接、铆接、螺栓连接等手段将二者连为一体。
请参见图1-9所示,所述筒状侧壁与所述驱动电机71的外壳之间设有滑动密封圈,可以理解的是,筒状侧壁、端盖和驱动电机71的外壳能够围合成一密闭的齿轮箱,从而能够注入润滑剂以提高减速器72传动效率。
请参见图1-9所示,所述轮毂的内环面上设有法兰盘23,所述法兰盘23与所述减速器壳体722可拆卸式固定连接。本发明虽采用了新的传动结构,但行走轮22的安装方式与普通车轮基本相同,便于拆装和维修。
请参见图1-9所示,所述驱动电机71的至少部分区域凸伸至所述行走轮22中心的轴向空间内。所述驱动机构还包括制动器60,所述制动器60设置于所述驱动电机71的与所述减速器72相背的一侧。所述制动器60为电磁制动器60,所述制动器60包括与所述驱动电机71的主轴同步转动连接的动摩擦片,以及与所述驱动电机71的外壳相对固接的定摩擦片,以及用于驱动所述动摩擦片靠近或远离所述定摩擦片的电磁驱动器。本发明采用电磁制动器60制动,其具有较小的轴向尺寸,能够进一步节省割草机的横向空间。
请参见图9所示,本实施例提供的割草机整机重量最大可以做到550kg,考虑到轮胎的负载,选用轮胎的宽度W2,W2的尺寸不超过180mm。整机宽度W不大于33英寸(838.2mm),人站立的位置宽度W1,至少大于400mm以上,客户在站立踏板上,不会感到站立位置拥挤。
综上所述,减速器72能够增大驱动电机71的输出扭矩,因而能够在保证动力充足的前 提下,减小驱动电机71的功率和尺寸,同时,本发明将减速器72置于行走轮22的中心轴向空间内,将减速器72作为行走轮22的支撑轴,提高了空间利用率,减小了割草机的整体横向宽度,使其在满足动力设计要求的前提下具有更好的运动灵活性。行星减速器能够以较小的轴向尺寸产生较大的减速传动比,其轴向长度甚至可以小于行走轮22的宽度,因此减速器72能够完全藏匿于所述行走轮22内,大幅提高割草机横向空间利用率,如图1所示,对于站立式割草机,没有了驱动电机71和减速器72的干涉,踏板可以向前延伸,增大操作者的站立空间,并且,用户站立在踏板上时,人体的重心位于站立式割草机行走轮22转动轴线的中心上,因此在站立式割草机原地转向时,没有旋转半径,不会产生离心力,人体不会有被甩出去的危险;此外,踏板前移,人体的重心也相应前移,无论是爬坡还是经过坑洼地面,都能更加安全,不易翻车;如图2所示,对于坐骑式割草机,可以下降安装动力电池,降低动力电池的重心,提高车身稳定性,且下降安装后,动力电池的一端可向前延伸到坐骑式割草机的座椅下方。本发明设置了两组行星轮机构,两组行星轮机构的内齿圈均与所述减速器壳体722固接,因此能够从减速器壳体722的两端对其进行驱动,使动力分配更加均匀;另外,两组行星轮之间的差动配合实现了从驱动电机71到行走轮22的两级减速,传动比更大,扭矩提升更加显著。
实施例2
请参阅图10-17所示,本实施例提供一种割草机,包括机身1和两组行走单元,两组行走单元分置于机身1两侧,本实施例中,机身1前端设有两个转向轮,行走单元包括行走轮22和驱动单元70,驱动单元70包括驱动电机71和减速器72;两组行走单元的行走轮22作为后轮安装与机身1后端,在一具体实施例中,例如可以在转向轮与后轮之间设置割草机构,割草执行机构一般包括割刀和割台,以及用于驱动割刀运动的独立电机。可以理解的是,割草机构不仅仅可以设置在前后轮之间,例如也可以设置在机身的前侧、后侧或旁侧,机身1上方例如可以设置有座椅,以便操作人员乘坐在割草机上,座椅前端例如可以设置相应操控杆,用来控制割草机的行走、割草等动作。在一具体实施例中,电池包仓例如可以位于机身1后端,两组行走单元例如可以设置在机身的两侧或机身下方。
需要说明的是,本发明的行走单元应当能够适用于更广泛的应用场景,而不局限于某一种类型的割草机形式。例如,上述割草机也可以是手推式割草机或站立式割草机,割草机形式的改变并不会对本发明的构造及功能产生实质性影响,而正因为本发明的行走单元具有高度集成化的特征,因此对大部分类型的园林工具都具有较高的兼容性。
请参阅图12、14所示,驱动电机71包括外壳712和主轴711;可以理解的是,驱动电 机71还应当具有必要的定子和转子,其中定子与外壳712固接,转子与主轴711连接。
请参阅图10所示,行走轮22包括轮辋和轮胎;需要说明的是,本发明中轮辋是指行走轮22内圈的刚性支撑结构,轮胎是指行走轮22外围的弹性缓冲结构,一般情况下,轮辋和轮胎为分体式结构,但不排除两者为一体式结构的可能,例如也可以采用一种一体式成型的免充气车轮,这同样属于本发明要求保护范围。
请参阅图11、12、13所示,减速器72安装于轮辋内,减速器72包括芯轴721、减速器壳体722和行星减速机构;具体的,芯轴721作为减速器72的动力输入端与主轴711同步转动连接;减速器壳体722作为减速器72的动力输出端与轮辋固定连接;行星减速机构安装于芯轴721与减速器壳体722之间。本发明将减速器72安装在轮辋内,可以理解为将减速器72作为行走轮22的支撑轴,可以理解的是,行星减速器能够利用较短的轴向空间实现较大传动比的减速传动,在此基础上,本发明将行星减速器置于行走轮22内圈空间中,进一步减小了行走单元整体轴向尺寸,体现在割草机等园林工具中,就是减小了割草机等园林工具的横向宽度,或者说,在相同宽度条件下,为割草机等园林工具留出了更多的横向空间,这些空间可以用来安装电池仓、站立踏板等结构,使割草机等园林工具的重心可以设计的更低,从而提高其稳定性。
请参阅图11、14所示,进一步的,外壳712的外壁上设有散热筋7121;减速器壳体722上靠近外壳712的一端设有风叶740,风叶740被装配为当减速器壳体722相对于外壳712转动时,风叶740产生的气流能够流经散热筋7121。在一具体实施例中,散热筋7121沿外壳712的径向凸伸设置,散热筋7121为长条状,且散热筋7121的长度方向与主轴711的轴线方向平行;风叶740包括环状基板741,以及沿环状基板741的周向均匀布置的叶片742,减速器壳体722上靠近外壳712的一端设有凸缘7221,环状基板741安装于凸缘7221上朝向驱动电机71的一侧,叶片742朝向散热筋7121凸伸设置。本实施例中,风叶740产生的气流沿外壳712的外壁流动,且气流的流动方向与驱动电机71的轴向大致平行,本实施例将散热筋7121设置为长条状,相邻散热筋7121之间形成气流通道,该气流通道与驱动电机71的轴线方向平行,风叶740产生的气流能够无阻碍的从各散热筋7121两侧通过,气流通过时与散热筋7121和外壳712的外壁进行热交换,从而实现对驱动电机71的冷却。
可以理解的是,在本发明中,风叶740的具体结构不限于上述实施例所限定的部分,例如风叶740也可以与减速器壳体722设置为一体式结构,具体的,例如在减速器壳体722的端部直接加工出叶片742,叶片742例如可以采用铸造或机加工的方式与减速器壳体722一体式加工成型。同样的,散热筋7121的具体结构也不限于上述实施例所限定的部分,例如散 热筋7121可以与外壳712设置为分体式结构,散热筋7121可选用导热性能更好的铜材或铝材制作,提高散热效果的同时降低整机制造成本。
请参见图11、12、13所示,行星减速机构包括第一太阳轮723、第一行星轮724、第一行星轮支架725、第二太阳轮726、第二行星轮727、第二行星轮支架728、第一内齿圈729和第二内齿圈7210;第一太阳轮723与芯轴721同步转动设置,第一行星轮支架725与芯轴721转动连接,第一行星轮724与第一行星轮支架725转动连接,第二太阳轮726与第一行星轮支架725同步转动设置,第二行星轮727与第二行星轮支架728转动连接,第二行星轮支架728与外壳712固定连接,第一内齿圈729和第二内齿圈7210分别与减速器壳体722同步转动设置,第一行星轮724分别与第一太阳轮723和第一内齿圈729啮合,第二行星轮727分别与第二太阳轮726和第二内齿圈7210啮合。可以理解的是,本发明采用两级行星轮减速,在驱动电机71功率一定的情况下能够输出更大的扭矩,使割草机能够适应绝大部分复杂工况。
请参见图14所示,作为本发明的进一步实施例,第二行星轮支架728与外壳712设置为一体式结构,可以理解的是,本实施例的第二行星轮支架728与外壳712一体式加工成型,一方面能够简化装配流程,减少整机的累计装配误差,降低装配成本,另一方面使整机结构更加紧凑,进一步节省割草机的横向空间。在一些实施例中,第二行星轮支架728与外壳712也可以是分体式结构,两者之间例如可以通过螺栓实现固定连接。
请参见图17所示,第一行星轮支架725包括分体式设置的第一部件7251和第二部件7252,第一行星轮724转动设置于第一部件7251,第二太阳轮726与第二部件7252相对固接,第一部件7251与第二部件7252之间通过键或齿构成同步转动配合。具体的,第一部件7251包括一盘状本体,盘状本体的中心设有花键孔,本实施例包含三个第一行星轮724,第一行星轮724沿盘状本体的周向设置在花键孔周围;第二部件7252包括一管状轴体,管状轴体上外壁上设有与花键孔配合的花键,本实施例中,第二太阳轮726与管状轴体固接,第二太阳轮726例如可以通过冷套、热套等工艺与管状轴体过盈装配。可以理解的是,第二太阳轮726与管状轴体的装配方式不限于上述实施例,实际上,只要能够使两者同步转动的装配方式,都属于本发明所涵盖的范围。可以理解的是,本实施例将第一行星轮支架725设置为两部分,便于分别对第一行星轮724和第二太阳轮726进行装配。
请参见图11、13所示,减速器壳体722通过轴承与第二行星轮支架728转动连接,可以理解的是,在本发明中,外壳712不光是作为驱动电机71的支撑结构,还作为整个行走轮22的支撑结构,当减速器壳体722与行走轮22固接后相当于行走轮22转动设置在外壳712 上,本发明将外壳712作为行走轮22的支撑轴,使行走单元的结构更加紧凑。
请参见图11所示,减速器壳体722上远离驱动电机71的一端设有端盖7222,减速器壳体722靠近驱动电机71的一端与第二行星轮支架728之间设有滑动密封圈,可以理解的是,减速器壳体722和端盖7222形成一密封的齿轮箱,该齿轮箱内可以注入润滑油,以进一步提高行星减速机构的传动效率。
请参见图12所示,本实施例中,芯轴721和主轴711设置为一体式结构,进一步简化装配工序,减少装配误差,提高传动效率。在其它一些实施例中,芯轴721和主轴711也可以是分体式结构。
本实施例将减速器72安装在轮辋内,可以理解为将减速器72作为行走轮22的支撑轴,行星减速器能够利用较短的轴向空间实现较大传动比的减速传动,在此基础上,本发明将行星减速器置于行走轮22内圈空间中,进一步减小了行走单元整体轴向尺寸,减小了割草机等园林工具的横向宽度,或者说,在相同宽度条件下,为割草机等园林工具流出了更多的横向空间,这些空间可以用来安装电池仓、站立踏板等结构,使割草机等园林工具的重心可以设计的更低,从而提高其稳定性。风叶740产生的气流沿外壳712的外壁流动,且气流的流动方向与驱动电机71的轴向大致平行,散热筋7121设置为长条状,相邻散热筋7121之间形成气流通道,该气流通道与驱动电机71的轴线方向平行,风叶740产生的气流能够无阻碍的从各散热筋7121两侧通过,气流通过时与散热筋7121和外壳712的外壁进行热交换,从而实现对驱动电机71的冷却。本发明的第二行星轮支架728与外壳712一体式加工成型,一方面能够简化装配流程,降低装配成本,另一方面使整机结构更加紧凑,减少整机的累计装配误差。
实施例3
请参阅图20-30所示,本实施例提供一种站立式割草机100,用以供用户站在割草机上进行草坪修整作业,从而可以提升作业效率、降低用户的工作量。具体的说,站立式割草机100包括机身10,以及安装在机身10上的行走机构20、轮毂电机30、电机座40和站立部50。
应理解,站立式割草机100还包括电池包,用于为轮毂电机30提供动力,机身10上设置有收容槽,电池包被设置在收容槽内。
行走机构20安装在机身10上,用以完成站立式割草机100的前进、后退及转向等动作。行走机构20包括一对前轮21以及与一对前轮21相对设置的两个行走轮22,两个行走轮22作为后轮。在本实施例中,前轮21设置为万向轮,行走轮22设置为行走轮,轮毂电机30用于驱动行走轮22的转动。应理解,在其它实施例中,行走轮22亦可被设置为万向轮,此时 轮毂电机30也用于驱动前轮21的转动。为了节省空间,本实施例的行走轮22选用嵌入式轮毂结构,安装时可将轮毂电机30设置在行走轮22内,采用这种方案,可将机身10的部分空间空出来放置其它部件,空间利用率较高;并且轮毂电机直接与行走轮传动连接,不需要其他的传动部件,在节省空间的同时,也提高了传动效率。
请参阅图21,轮毂电机30包括电机本体31和电机转轴32,电机本体31设于行走轮22内,且电机本体31靠近行走轮22的端面上设有多个螺栓柱33,各螺栓柱33沿圆周方向均匀分布,并与行走轮22的轮毂固定连接。电机本体31包括电机定子和多个磁瓦,电机转轴32与电机定子连接,行走轮22套设在电机定子上,多个磁瓦均匀分别在电机定子的外圆周上。例如,轮毂电机30可以包括壳体,多个磁瓦固定设置在壳体的内周面上,且多个磁瓦可以沿壳体的轴向间隔设置,壳体与行走轮22固定连接。当轮毂电机30工作时,多个磁瓦可以相对于电机定子沿电机定子的轴向转动,由于多个磁瓦与壳体固定连接,多个磁瓦可以带动壳体转动,从而使壳体带动行走轮22转动,实现割草机100的移动。
请参阅图22,电机座40包括圆键槽41,圆键槽41设置在电机座40靠近轮毂电机30一侧的端面上,安装时,轮毂电机30的电机转轴32容纳于圆键槽41内,相应的,电机转轴32上设置有凹槽,凹槽内固定设置有平键,采用这种结构,可以限定电机转轴32的轴向转动和轴向移动,并将电机转轴32很好地固定在电机座40上,从而进一步提高了整个站立式割草机100的结构稳定性。
请参阅图20,机身10上设有避让口11,电机转轴32超出圆键槽41的部分穿过避让口11,与机身10螺栓连接。
应理解,为方便操控,轮毂电机30可设置为两个,分别设置在一个行走轮22内,且两个轮毂电机30相互独立,可单独控制各轮毂电机30的转速和转向;相应的,电机座40的数量也为两个,各轮毂电机30分别通过一个电机座40与机身10连接。
进一步的,两个轮毂电机30分别设置在一个行走轮22内,带有轮毂电机30的行走轮22可以驱动站立式割草机100前后移动。当左右两侧的行走轮22转速相同时,站立式割草机100直线前进,当左右两侧的行走轮22转速不同时,站立式割草机100发生转向,当左侧的行走轮22转速高时,站立式割草机100向右转,当右侧的行走轮22转速高时,站立式割草机100向左转,当左右两侧的行走轮22转向相反时,站立式割草机100实现原地转向。
进一步的,为达到较好的割草效果,站立式割草机100轮毂电机的转速应考虑刀片的转速,当站立式割草机100行走速度变快时,即轮毂电机转速高的时候,刀片的转速同样要提高,以避免割草不均匀。当站立式割草机100行走速度变慢时,刀片的转速同样降低。较佳 的,本实施例中选用的轮毂电机30,其外径为230~260mm时,工作时的转速为100~140rpm,同时额定功率为2.8~3.2kW。
请参阅图20及图23,站立部50设置于机身10的后部,与机身10固定连接,并位于两个行走轮22之间;
请参阅图23-图25,站立部50包括踏板51及减震件52,踏板51与机身10固定连接,其中,踏板51部分位于两个行走轮22之间,且踏板靠近前轮21方向的一端位于前轮21和两个行走轮22的轴心线之间。采用这种方案,当用户站立在站立部50上时,人体的重心位于站立式割草机100的行走轮轴心线的中心上,因此在旋转时,没有旋转半径,不会产生离心力,人体也不会有被甩出去的危险;此外,站立部50前移,人体的重心也相应前移,无论是爬坡还是经过坑洼地面,都能更加安全,不易翻车。
减震件52设置在踏板51的下方,其一端与机身10固定连接,另一端与踏板51相抵接。采用这种方案,可以有效避免走在不平的路面上时产生的震动对用户造成的不适,从而提高了用户的使用体验。在本实施例中,减震件52为多个减震弹簧,且站立部中心位置的减震弹簧的数量大于边沿位置的减震弹簧的数量。优选的,踏板51上还设置有防滑纹53,用户站立在踏板51上时,可提高用户脚底与踏板表面的摩擦力,有助于提高用户的安全性。
请参阅图25,图25所示为踏板51与两个行走轮22之间的尺寸示意图。两个行走轮22具有轴心线AA,踏板51靠近前轮方向的一端与轴心线AA的距离L2位于70mm~85mm之间,优选的,本实施例中该水平距离设为78.6mm,采用这种方案,用户站立在踏板上操控站立式割草机100时,其重心与两个行走轮轴心线的中点可以尽量接近,从而受到的离心力较小,不会产生被甩出的危险。应理解,虽然离心力与踏板的竖直高度无关,但是为了保证用户安全,设计时应尽量降低该高度。
为使用户站立在踏板51上时有足够的空间,可以更好的调节自身重心位置,可适当增加踏板51的尺寸大小,结合上述轮毂电机30的尺寸和功率,本实施例中,踏板51的面积位于19×104~20×104mm2之间。优选的,当轮距的距离D1为948mm时,将踏板51的长度L3设置为560mm,宽度L4设置为353mm。
请参阅图18和图19,现有技术中的站立式割草机100,用户的站立点在两个行走轮的后方,转弯时会产生离心力F,离心力F=m*a,其中,m为人体的重量,a为向心加速度。假设轮距D1为948mm,人体重心G1与两个行走轮的轴心线的在站立式割草机100前进方向上的距离L1为270mm,假设人体的重量m为70公斤,转弯的速度v为4.96km/h,当站立式割草机100向左侧转弯做匀速圆周运动,此时,
F=m*a,a=w2*r1,r1=L1,w=v/r2,r2=D1/2=0.948/2=0.474m,
则F=70*(4.96/3.6/0.474)2r1=70*2.9*2.9*0.27=159N。
其中,r1为用户的旋转半径;r2为转弯半径。
因此,当站立式割草机100转弯时,体重为70kg的用户受到最少159N的向心力,很容易被甩出去,发生危险。
请参阅图26和图27,采用本实施例中的上述方案,用户在操控站立式割草机100时,适当调整站立位置,可使人体的重心与行走轮轴心线的中点相重合,即位于站立式割草机100的旋转轴上,此时没有旋转半径,因此在站立式割草机100旋转时,用户受到的离心力较小,接近为零,可有效保护用户的安全。
请参阅图28,在站立式割草机100的前进方向上具有中心线BB,站立式割草机100的重心G2在中心线BB上,且沿中心线BB方向,重心G2与两个行走轮22的轴心线的距离L5位于500m~600mm之间。
请参阅图29和图30,图29和图30显示了站立式割草机100在不同坡度时的受力状态,当站立式割草机100翻车时,支点为两个行走轮22与地面的接触点,此时,站立式割草机100的重心G2相对于支点的力矩MG2=G2*L6,用户的重心G1相对于支点的力矩MG1=G1*L7,其中力矩MG2阻止站立式割草机100翻车,而力矩MG1则推动站立式割草机100翻车,当力矩MG2大于力矩MG1时,站立式割草机100不会翻车。因此,考虑到地形可能会导致站立式割草机100发生翘头的危险,重心G2设计时应尽量靠近整车偏前位置,结合整体空间布局,本实施例中,较佳的,距离L5设置为580m m。
此外,本实施例中,踏板51被设置在两个行走轮22之间,翻车时人体重心G1靠近旋转轴,可以大幅减小力矩MG1,从而降低站立式割草机100翻车的风险,进而保护用户的安全。请参阅图20和图22,站立式割草机100还包括刹车组件60,刹车组件60设置于电机座40靠近轮毂电机30一侧的端面上,并与站立式割草机100的刹把传动连接;相应的,电机座40靠近轮毂电机30一侧的端面上设有固定片42,刹车组件60通过固定片42固定在电机座40上,当刹把被握紧后,刹车组件60与站立式割草机100的刹车盘相抵接,使行走轮22停止转动。刹车盘设置在轮毂电机30靠近电机转轴32一侧的端盖上,并与轮毂电机端盖螺栓连接。应理解,刹车组件60为现有技术中的常规结构,具有成熟的器件和设计方法可以实现,本方案对其具体结构不做限定,考虑到机械刹车更加可靠,本实施中选用机械式刹车组件。
采用上述方案,可事先将轮毂电机30和刹车组件60安装在电机座40上,整车安装时, 只需将电机座40固定在机身10上,并将两个行走轮22套设在轮毂电机30上,即可完成安装,从而节省大量装配时间。
综上,本实施例的一种站立式割草机,结构简单、空间紧凑、安装方便,在保证割草机的结构强度需求的同时,将割草机后部的空间节省出来,用于人的站立,且人体的重心被设计在两个行走轮轴心线的中点上,使得割草机在高速转弯时,不会产生离心力,保证了用户的安全。所以,本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
实施例4
请参阅图31至图34,本实施例提供一种电动草坪机,该电动草坪机在断电时自动进入将所述行走轮22制动状态,可以改善现有草坪机在爬坡过程中断电无法实现自行刹车的问题。
请参阅图33、图34和图35,上述电动草坪机包括机身1、驱动单元70、能源装置(未示出)和电磁刹车机构80。机身1的后侧设置有两个行走轮22,机身1的前侧设置有两个从动轮,当然本领域技术人员可以理解的是,在另外一些实施例中,车辆采用前驱动形式,驱动轮设置在车体的前侧,从动轮设置在车体的后侧。两个电行走轮22分别由两个驱动单元70来驱动,两个驱动单元70的输出轴与两个所述行走轮22分别通过轮毂相连接,并为所述行走轮22提供动力支持;能源装置(未示出)为所述驱动单元70供能,本发明中的能源装置包括但不限于电池包,电池包可以是由多个能够为手持式电动工具供电的单电池包组成,也可以是一个整体的大电池包;两个电磁刹车机构80分别安装在两个所述驱动单元70上,并电连接至所述能源装置,两个电磁刹车机构80均具有将对应驱动单元70的输出轴制动的第一状态和将所述输出轴释放的第二状态;其中所述电磁刹车机构80在失电状态下处于第一状态。在断电时电磁刹车机构80失电电动草坪机自动进入将所述行走轮22制动的第一状态,无需驾乘人员操作机械刹车。
本发明电动草坪机中,只要能够实现电磁刹车机构80在失电状态下将驱动单元70的输出轴制动锁定,电磁刹车机构80的结构可以不做限定,请参阅图35和图38,在本发明一实施例中,所述电磁刹车机构80包括:箱体810、刹车片801、压板802、至少一个弹性件803和电磁线圈820。箱体810通过第一螺栓812安装在所述驱动单元70背离所述行走轮22一侧的电机的外壳711上,并设有制动止挡体811;驱动单元70的输出轴一端与行走轮22相连接,输出轴的另一端伸出至驱动单元70的壳体外,并伸入至箱体810中,刹车片801滑动安装在所述驱动单元70的输出轴伸入至箱体810内的一端上,并位于所述制动止挡体811背离所述行走轮22的一侧,所述刹车片801沿周向与所述输出轴止动,但可沿轴向在第一距离 范围L1内滑动,以与所述制动止挡体811接触或脱离;压板802滑动安装在所述刹车片801背离所述止挡结构一侧的所述箱体810上,并可沿轴向在第二距离范围L2内滑动;至少一个弹性件803安装在所述箱体810上,并挤压所述压板802将所述刹车片801压紧在所述制动止挡体811上;电磁线圈820得电后吸附所述压板802克服所述弹性件803的作用力向背离所述刹车片801侧移动,以解除对所述压板802对所述刹车片801的挤压。在本发明一实施例中,所述第一距离范围L1小于所述第二距离范围L2。
请参阅图35、图36、图37和图39,在本发明一实施例中,所述电磁刹车机构80包括有手动启闭所述电磁刹车机构80的手动释放组件830。所述手动释放组件830包括连接板831和操作部808,所述连接板831与所述压板802相连接,所述连接板831上具有螺纹通孔8311,所述操作部808螺纹连接安装在所述螺纹通孔8311内,并顶在所述箱体810的壁体上,转动所述操作部808所述连接板831带动所述压板802靠近或远离所述刹车片801。操作部808可以为一切适于手动旋拧的结构,在本发明一实施例中,所述操作部808为一手动转盘。手动转盘上设置有一螺柱832,螺柱832的端部螺纹连接在所述连接板831上的螺纹通孔8311内,且端部顶在箱体810的外壁上,转的所述手动转盘,螺柱832在螺纹通孔8311内转动,从而使连接板831向背离刹车片801一侧移动,从而解除压板802对刹车片801的挤压。
本发明中压板802在箱体810上的滑动安装方式以及压板802与连接板831之间的连接方式可以为多种,请参阅图39,在本发明一实施例中,所述箱体810上设置有多个导向通孔,所述每一所述导向通孔内均滑动安装有一导向体804,所述压板802与所述导向体804的一端通过第二螺栓806相连接,所述连接板831与所述导向体804的另一端通过第三螺栓805相连接。
本发明中弹性件803的数量可以为一个、两个或多个,例如在本发明一实施例中,弹性件803为弹簧,且只有一个,该弹簧同轴套装在输出轴上,且一端固定在箱体810上,另一端固定在压紧板上,通过设置较粗的弹簧丝直径来实现较大的压力输出;然而请参阅图39,在本实施例中所述弹性件803为弹簧,且有多个,多个所述弹性件803分成两组,分别为第一弹簧组和第二弹簧组,第一弹簧组的多个弹簧均匀分布在第一圆周上,第二弹簧组的多个弹簧均匀分布在第二圆周上,第一圆周和第二圆周与输出轴同轴且不重合,所述电磁线圈820设置于第一圆周和第二圆周之间,该结构能够使压板无论在只承受弹性件803压力的情况下还是在电磁线圈820和弹性件803的共同作用下都能够受力均匀,具有较高的稳定性。
本发明中,刹车片801在输出轴上的滑动安装方式不受限定,例如可以为平键或花键连接,平键和花键可以满足动力传递的需要,又可以在一定范围内实现滑动导向作用。请参阅 图39,在本实施例中,所述刹车片801与所述输出轴通过花键连接,花键可以使刹车片801的受力更加均匀,防止刹车片801在受力比较集中时崩裂,为了防止刹车片801从输出轴上脱离,所述刹车片801背离所述制动止挡体811一侧的所述输出轴上安装有弹性挡圈807,弹性挡圈807可以为刹车片801的移动提供限位,并且具有便于安装成本低等优点。
本发明中,制动止挡体811在箱体810上的设置方式可以为多种,如与箱体810为一体铸造结构,或者在箱体810上粘接制动盘等,但考虑到制动盘的易磨损性,请参阅图38,在本发明一实施例中,所述制动止挡体811为可拆卸安装至所述箱体810上的制动盘,当制动盘磨损或损坏时可以拆卸更换,减小了维修成本。
本发明中箱体810在外壳712上的安装形式可以为多种,既可以为与箱体810一体铸造成形,也可以为焊接连接,请参阅图38,在本发明一实施例中,所述箱体810可拆卸安装至所述外壳712上,以方便在必要时将所述电磁刹车机构80拆卸维修。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是,本发明中的输出轴可以为一切能够为行走轮22提供动力的输出轴,例如电机输出轴或者减速器72的输出轴,请参阅图38和图39,在本发明一实施例中,所述输出轴为电机输出轴,电机输出轴通过减速器72驱动所述行走轮22。所述电磁刹车机构80设置于所述电机输出轴背离所述行走轮22的一端,并在必要时通过使电机输出轴不能转动从而实现对行走轮22的制动锁定,当然需要说明的是,本发明中电机输出轴可以与行走轮22直连,而不必通过减速器72减速后与行走轮22连接。在本发明另一实施例中,所述输出轴为减速机输出轴,电机输出轴与减速器72的输入轴连接,所述电磁刹车机构80设置于所述减速机输出轴背离所述行走轮22的一端,并在必要时通过使减速机输出轴不能转动从而实现对行走轮22的制动锁定。
本发明中电动草坪机在第一状态和第二状态之间的切换可以通过开关来实现,但考虑到自动化需求,在本发明一实施例中,所述电动草坪机还包括控制器(未示出),所述控制器与所述电磁刹车机构80电连接,并控制所述电磁刹车机构80在所述第一状态和所述第二状态间的切换。操作人员可以通过控制器来根据需要改变电磁刹车机构80的状态。当然本发明还可以包括其他一些触摸屏等人机交互界面,在此不再赘述。
请参阅图31至图34,在本发明一实施例中,所述机身1上设置有驾乘人员座椅,所述驾乘人员座椅上设置有驾乘人员在位检测装置(未示出),所述在位检测装置与所述控制器电连接。在位检测装置可以是开关,传感器等,例如驾驶者在位时开关接合(断开),不在位时断开(接合),从而发送信号给控制器,使电磁刹车断电。当整机处于有坡度的斜面时,如果驾驶者离开座椅设定时间且忘记断电锁车时,此时控制器控制整机断电,电磁刹车自动断电 锁车实现驻车。较佳地,该设定时间的时长为3~10秒,例如3秒、6秒和10秒等,在本发明一实施例中,优选采用5秒的设定时间,该时间范围既可以避免驾驶者因颠簸造成的误离位状态,又不至于太长使车辆存在安全隐患。当然,在其他实施例中可以是一旦检测到离开座椅即断电锁车。
本实施例的工作原理如下:当整机处于断电状态时,电磁线圈820不得电,此时电磁线圈820不起作用,弹性件803将压板802、刹车片801和制动盘压紧在一起,在刹车片801的刹车面上摩擦力极大,足以锁住驱动电机输出轴取法转动,实现驻车功能。当整机正常上电时,控制器自检完成后控制电磁刹车上电,此时电磁线圈820由于电磁效应会产生吸力,将压板802吸住,此时压板802与刹车片801脱离,驱动电机输出轴开始转动后,刹车片801在离心力的作用下与制动盘脱离,此时整机可以正常行驶。当断电状态下需要手动推行时,可以通过旋转手动释放组件830使连接板831与电磁刹车箱体810脱离接触,由于压板802通过导向体804与连接板831是固定在一起的,此时压板802与刹车片801脱离接触,解除刹车功能。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种园林工具,其特征在于,包括:
    机身;
    至少两个行走轮,分别位于所述机身的两侧;
    驱动单元,所述驱动单元包括驱动电机和减速器,所述减速器的动力输入端与所述驱动电机的输出轴连接,所述减速器安装在所述行走轮的轮辋内,所述减速器的动力输出端与所述行走轮的轮辋固定连接,所述驱动电机的外壳与所述机身固定连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述减速器包括:
    芯轴,所述芯轴与所述驱动电机的输出轴同步转动连接,所述芯轴上设有第一太阳轮,所述第一太阳轮与所述芯轴同轴固接;
    第一行星轮支架,与所述芯轴转动连接,所述第一行星轮支架上设有第一行星轮和第二太阳轮,所述第一行星轮与所述第一行星轮支架转动连接,且第一行星轮与所述第一太阳轮啮合,所述第二太阳轮与所述第一行星轮支架同轴固接;
    第二行星轮支架,与所述驱动电机的外壳固定连接,所述第二行星轮支架上转动设置有第二行星轮,所述第二行星轮与所述第二太阳轮啮合;
    减速器壳体,与所述轮辋固接,所述减速器壳体上设有第一内齿圈和第二内齿圈,所述第一内齿圈和第二内齿圈沿轴向相互间隔设置,所述第一内齿圈与所述第一行星轮啮合,所述第二内齿圈与所述第二行星轮啮合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述减速器壳体包括筒状侧壁和端盖,所述筒状侧壁通过轴承与所述第二行星轮支架转动连接,所述端盖固定在所述筒状侧壁上远离所述驱动电机的一端。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述筒状侧壁与所述驱动电机的外壳之间设有滑动密封圈。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述第二行星轮支架与所述驱动电机的外壳为一体式结构。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述减速器壳体通过轴承与所述第二行星轮支架转动连接。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述芯轴与所述驱动电机的输出轴为一体式结构。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述芯轴与所述驱动电机的输出轴之间以可拆卸的方式连接。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述第一行星轮支架包括分体式设置的第一部件和第二部件,所述第一行星轮转动设置于所述第一部件,所述第二太阳轮与所述第二部件相对固接,所述第一部件与所述第二部件之间通过键或齿构成同步转动配合。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述驱动电机的外壳的外壁上设有散热筋,所述减速器壳体上朝向所述驱动电机的外壳的一端设有风叶,所述风叶被装配为当所述减速器壳体相对于所述驱动电机的外壳转动时,所述风叶产生的气流能够流经所述散热筋。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述风叶包括环状基板,以及沿所述环状基板的周向均匀布置的叶片,所减速器壳体上靠近所述驱动电机的外壳的一端设有凸缘,所述环状基板安装于所述凸缘上朝向所述驱动电机的外壳的一侧,所述叶片朝向所述散热筋凸伸设置。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述散热筋沿所述驱动电机的外壳的径向凸伸设置,所述散热筋为长条状,且所述散热筋的长度方向与所述驱动电机的外壳的轴线方向平行。
  13. 一种园林工具,其特征在于,包括:
    机身;
    至少两个行走轮,分别位于所述机身的两侧;
    轮毂电机,所述轮毂电机安装在所述行走轮的轮辋内,所述轮毂电机包括电机本体和电机转轴,所述电机本体与所述行走轮的轮辋固接,所述电机转轴与所述机身固接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的园林工具,其特征在于,还包括:
    踏板,所述踏板与所述机体连接;其中,所述踏板部分位于两个所述行走轮之间,且所述踏板的前端位于两个所述行走轮的轴心线的前方。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述电机本体包括电机定子和多个磁瓦,所述电机定子与所述电机转轴连接,各所述磁瓦均匀分别在所述电机定子的外圆周上。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的园林工具,其特征在于,还包括:
    电机座,其一端与所述机身连接,另一端与所述轮毂电机连接;
    所述电机座靠近所述轮毂电机一侧的端面上设有圆键槽,所述电机转轴通过平键插设于所述圆键槽内。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述机身上设有避让口,所述电机转轴超出所述圆键槽的部分穿过所述避让口,与所述机身螺栓连接。
  18. 根据权利要求14所述的园林工具,其特征在于,所述踏板的前端与两个行走轮的轴心线的距离位于70~85mm之间。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的园林工具,其特征在于,在所述园林工具的前进方向上,所述园林工具的重心与两个行走轮的轴心线的距离位于500~600mm之间。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的园林工具,其特征在于:还包括刹车组件,所述刹车组件设置于所述电机座靠近所述轮毂电机一侧的端面上,并与所述园林工具的刹把传动连接;所述刹把被握紧后,所述刹车组件与所述园林工具的刹车盘相抵接。
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CN216078154U (zh) * 2021-11-17 2022-03-18 格力博(江苏)股份有限公司 一种园林工具行走驱动机构及园林工具
CN216693072U (zh) * 2022-02-08 2022-06-07 格力博(江苏)股份有限公司 一种驱动机构、园林工具及割草机

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220078971A1 (en) * 2020-09-16 2022-03-17 Kubota Corporation Mowing Device

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