Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
  • C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
  • C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
  • C08G73/1028—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
  • C08G73/1071—Wholly aromatic polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
  • C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents

Definitions

• the present invention relates to formulations, in particular coating formulations, containing polyamideimide polymers and low toxicity solvents having reduced viscosity and to the polyamideimide polymers for the preparation of the same.
• Polyamideimide and polyamic acid polymers (hereinafter collectively referred to as PAI) are well-known, thermally stable polymers that are used for many high performance coating applications due to their excellent adhesion, temperature resistance, and high strength.
• PAI is commonly utilized as a protective coating for metal substrates subjected to harsh environments, including temperature, wear, abrasion, and chemical exposure.
• a polar aprotic solvent generally a N-methyl amide type of solvent, in particular N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)
• NMP N-methyl pyrrolidone
• a critical drawback to this approach is that NMP is known to be toxic. There is thus a need to find suitable other solvents.
• Alternate solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, gamma-butyrolactone, or dimethyl sulfoxide have drawbacks such as low polymer solubility or poor storage stability, which may change the polymer properties and application performance of the polymer as well as other practical considerations.
• Biodegradable and less hazardous alternatives to solvents like NMP are available, such as NBP (N-n-butyl-2-pyrrolidone), marketed under the trade name Tamisolv ® NxG by Eastman or methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2- methyl-5-oxopentanoate marketed under the Rhodiasolv ® PolarClean trade name by Solvay.
• WO2015/161107 A1 and WO2015/161131 A1 (FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORP.) try to address the issue.
• These documents disclose a method for manufacturing PAI resins, via the isocyanate route, using a solvent and co-solvent mixture and also PAI-containing coating compositions comprising a PAI resin in a solvent and co-solvent mixture.
• the solvent and co-solvent mixture comprises at least one aprotic dialkylamide solvent and at least one co-solvent selected from a group consisting of methyl actetate, n-propyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, iso-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, n-propyl lactate, isopropyl lactate, n-butyl lactate, isobutyl lactate, t-butyl lactate, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, n-butyl acetate, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-acetyl morpholine, e-caprolactone and methylcyclohexane.
• a first object of the invention is thus an aromatic polyamic /polyamideimide polymer [Polymer (PAI)] characterised by a molecular weight distribution M w /M n from 2.00 to 3.40.
• the molecular weight distribution M w /M n may be equal to or lower than 3.35, even equal to or lower than 3.30.
• Polymer (PAI) has been obtained via an acid halide process.
• a second object of the invention is a process for the preparation of Polymer (PAI) having a molecular weight distribution M w /M n from 2.00 to 3.40, said process comprising the polycondensation reaction between at least one aromatic polycarboxylic acid halide monomer and at least one aromatic diamine monomer in the presence of an excess of the aromatic polycarboxylic acid halide monomer with respect to the aromatic diamine monomer.
• a third object of the invention is a composition comprising a low toxicity solvent and Polymer (PAI) having a molecular weight distribution M w /M n from 2.00 to 3.40.
• the composition preferably contains 15 to 40 wt% of Polymer (PAI) with respect to the total weight of the composition.
• PAI Polymer
• the composition has a viscosity of 1000 to 10000 cPoise.
• a fourth object of the invention is a process for the manufacture of an article comprising the step of coating the composition on a substrate.
• Definitions [0014] The use of parentheses before and after symbols or numbers identifying compounds, chemical formulae or parts of formulae has the mere purpose of better distinguishing those symbols or numbers from the rest of the text and hence said parentheses can also be omitted. [0015] Any description, even though described in relation to a specific embodiment, is applicable to and interchangeable with other embodiments of the present invention.
• an aromatic polyamic acid/polyamideimide polymer [Polymer (PAI)] which comprises recurring units, more than 50 mol% of said recurring units comprise at least one aromatic ring and at least one amic acid group and/or imide group [recurring units (R PAI )] as defined below.
• Polymer (PAI) is characterized in that it has a molecular weight distribution, M w /M n , from 2.00 to 3.40.
• the molecular weight distribution M w /M n may be equal to or lower than 3.35, even equal to or lower than 3.30. [0018] In some embodiments the molecular weight distribution M w /M n may be equal to or greater than 2.50, even equal to or greater than 2.80. The molecular weight distribution M w /M n may advantageously be from 2.50 to 3.40. [0019] The number average molecular weight (M n ) of Polymer (PAI) is advantageously at least 1000, preferably at least 1500, more preferably at least 2000. [0020] The number average molecular weight (M n ) of Polymer (PAI) is advantageously at most 20000, preferably at most 15000.
• the molecular weight of Polymer (PAI) ( M w and M n ) may be determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a polystyrene standard as detailed hereafter.
• Recurring units (R PAI ) are chosen from the group consisting of: wherein: - the symbol ⁇ in each formula denotes isomerism so that, in any recurring unit within the aromatic polyamic acid structure, the groups to which the arrows point may exist as shown or in an interchanged position;
• Recurring units are preferably recurring units (i) or a mix of recurring units (ii) and (iii).
• Polymer (PAI) comprises more than 90 mol% of recurring units (R PAI ). Still more preferably, it contains no recurring unit other than recurring units (R PAI ).
• Excellent results were obtained with Polymer (PAI) consisting of recurring units (i) or of a mix of recurring units (ii) and (iii).
• the amount of recurring units comprising amic group can be determined by any suitable technique, such as, notably spectroscopic techniques or titration techniques which are well known to those of ordinary skills in the art.
• recurring units (R PAI ) are selected from those of formulae (R PAI -A), (R PAI -B), (R PAI -C), (R PAI -D), (R PAI -E), as detailed above
• the molar percentage of recurring units (R PAI ) comprising at least one amic acid group may be expressed as follows : where [(R PAI -A) units], [(R PAI -B) units], [(R PAI -C)units], [(R PAI -D) units], and [(R PAI -E) units] denote, respectively molar concentration of the different recurring units (R PAI ) as above described.
• less than 25 mol%, even less than 20 mol%, still less than 15 mol% and preferably less than 10 mol% of recurring units (R PAI ) comprise at least one amic acid group.
• the acid number (milligrams of KOH/gram) of Polymer (PAI) is advantageously less than 50, preferably less than 25.
• the inherent viscosity of Polymer (PAI) is at least 0.30, preferably at least 0.50 dL/g and typically not exceeding 0.75 dL/g, when measured as a 0.5 wt % solution in NMP at 25°C.
• Polymer (PAI) can be notably manufactured by a process including the polycondensation reaction between at least an aromatic polycarboxylic acid halide monomer and at least an aromatic diamine in the presence of an excess of the aromatic polycarboxylic acid halide monomer with respect to the aromatic diamine monomer.
• the aromatic polycarboxylic acid halide monomer is typically present in excess of at least 5 mol% with respect to an equimolar concentration of the aromatic diamine monomer, even in an excess of at least 7 mol%.
• the aromatic polycarboxylic acid halide monomer is typically present in excess of at most 15 mol% with respect to an equimolar concentration of the aromatic diamine monomer.
• the aromatic polycarboxylic acid halide monomer is chosen from the group consisting of terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, phthaloyl chloride, and the acid halide derivatives of trimellitic anhydride. Preferably it is selected from the trimellitic anhydride monoacid halides.
• trimellitic anhydride monoacid chloride is preferred.
• a dicarboxylic anhydride monomer may be used in combination with the polycarboxylic acid halide monomer.
• Suitable dicarboxylic anhydride monomers include pyromellitic anhydride, bis(3,4- dicarboxyphenyl)ether dianydride, and trimellitic anhydride.
• the excess of the acid halide monomer with respect to the equimolar concentration of the aromatic diamine monomer is calculated taking into consideration the combined moles of the acide halide and the dicarboxylic anhydride monomers.
• the aromatic diamine monomer is selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), p-phenylenediamine, (PDA), m- phenylenediamine (MPDA), diphenyl dimethyl methane diamine (DMMDA), 1,3-bis (3-aminophenoxy) benzene (BAPB), 4,4'-bisphenol A ether diamine (BAPP), 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy) diphenylsulfone (BAPS), 4,4'-bis (4-aminophenoxy) diphenyl ether (BAPE), diamino diphenyl (methyl) ketone (DABP), 4,4'-diamino-triphenylamine (DATPA), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (MDA), diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
• the aromatic diamine monomer is preferably selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (MDA), p-phenylenediamine, (PDA), and m-phenylenediamine (MPDA) and mixtures thereof.
• ODA 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
• MDA 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane
• PDA p-phenylenediamine
• MPDA m-phenylenediamine
• a monofunctional reactant can be employed as an endcapping agent as known to the skilled in the art to control the molecular weight and to improve stability of the polymer.
• Polymer (PAI) is advantageously isolated in solid form under mild conditions, preferably by being coagulated or precipitated from the polar reaction solvent by adding a miscible non-solvent, for example water, a lower alkyl alcohol or the like.
• a miscible non-solvent for example water, a lower alkyl alcohol or the like.
• the solid resin may then be collected and thoroughly washed with water, and centrifuged or pressed to further reduce the water content of the solid without applying heat.
• Non- solvents other than water and lower alkyl alcohols are known and have been used in the art for precipitating Polymer (PAI) from solution including, for example, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and the like.
• PAI Polymer
• S solvent
• non-toxic solvent is used herein to refer to solvents which are not recognized as hazardous to human health.
• Solvent (S) is generally selected from the group consisting of at least one of the following: N-butylpyrrolidone, N-acetylpyrrolidone, methyl-5- (dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate, dimethyldecanamide, 2- hydroxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, isosorbide dimethylether, 2-isobutyl-2- methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, gamma-valerolactone, a mixture including ethyl lactate and an ethyl ester derived from soya bean oil or corn oil, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate, mixtures of dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate and dimethyl 2- methylglutarate.
• solvent (S) is selected from the group consisting of at least one of the following: N-butylpyrrolidone, N-acetylpyrrolidone, methyl-5- (dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate, dimethyldecanamide, 2- hydroxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, isosorbide dimethylether, 2-isobutyl-2- methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, cyclopentanone, gamma-valerolactone.
• solvent (S) is selected from the group consisting of at least one of N-butylpyrrolidone and methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5- oxopentanoate.
• the composition of the invention typically comprises less than 5.0 wt%, less than 2.0 wt%, preferably less than 1.0 wt%, even less than 0.5 wt% and still less than 0.1 wt% of any solvent different from solvent (S).
• the composition of the invention comprises advantageously at least 1 wt%, preferably at least 5 wt%, more preferably at least 10 wt% of Polymer (PAI) with respect to the total weight of the composition.
• PAI Polymer
• composition of the invention comprises advantageously at most 55 wt%, preferably at most 50 wt%, more preferably at most 45 wt% of Polymer (PAI) with respect to the total weight of the composition.
• PAI Polymer
• Polymer compositions comprising 10 to 45 wt% of Polymer (PAI) with respect to the total weight of the composition gave very satisfactory results.
• compositions comprising Polymer (PAI) in an amount of 10 to 45 wt%, typically 15 to 40 wt% posess a viscosity which is suitable for the use of said compositions in the manufacture of coatings.
• compositions comprising Polymer (PAI) in an amount of 10 to 45 wt% have viscosities measured at 25°C of 500 to 10000 cPoise, typically from 1000 to 8000 cPoise which render them suitable for coating applications.
• PAI Polymer
• the composition may further comprise usual ingredients of coating compositions, notably : (i) dispersion agents; (ii) pigments like carbon black, silicates, metal oxides and sulfides; (iii) additives such as coating auxiliant or flow promoters; (iv) inorganic fillers like carbon fibers, glass fibers, metal sulfates, such as BaSO 4 , CaSO 4 , oxides such as Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , zeolites, mica, talc, kaolin; (v) organic fillers, preferably thermally stable polymers, like PTFE; (vi) film hardener, like silicate compounds, such as metal silicate, e.g.
• a further aspect of the invention is a process for the manufacture of an article comprising coating the inventive composition on a substrate. Coating may be performed by any suitable coating process, such as spin coating, slit spin coating, roll coating, die coating or curtain coating. The coating step is typically followed by a step wherein the applied composition is cured by pre-baking the resulting film at a temperature comprised between 120 and 400°C, preferably between 120 and 350°C, so as to allow the solvent to be volatilized.
• the thickness of the coating may vary depending on the intended purpose.
• the thickness is preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 100 microns, preferably from 1 to 50 microns, more preferably from 5 to 20 microns, even more preferably the thickness is of about 10 microns.
• compositions comprising Polymer (PAI) may be used for the coating of cookware, for the coating of oil and gas pipelines, for manufacturing aerospace parts and flexible electronic components, as dry film lubricant, as heat resistant ink, and for xerographic and can coating, as well as in other applications.
• the inventive compositions may find use in wire coating applications, such as enamels or base coats, in particular in the preparation of magnet wires or wires for e-motors in general.
• Polymer PAI may be used in, but is not limited to, coating solutions that contain polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• inventive compositions may also be advantageously used in the preparation of NMP free battery binder formulations, in particular Li-ion battery binder formulations.
• the invention will be now described with reference to the following examples, whose purpose is merely illustrative and not limitative of the present invention.
• RAW MATERIALS Trimellitic anhydride (TMA), Trimellitic acid chloride (TMAC), oxydianiline (ODA), m-phenylenediamine (MPDA) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) are available from Sigma Aldrich.
• Methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5- oxopentanoate is supplied under the trade name Rhodiasolv® Polarclean by Solvay.
• N-butylpyrrolidone (NBP) is available under the trade name Tamisolv® NxG from Eastman.
• METHODS [0061] Solution Viscosity [0062] Viscosity of polymers was measured with a Brookfield Viscometer in NMP at 25 oC at 23 wt% polymer concentration.
• GPC condition Pump : Waters 515 solvent delivery system, or equivalent
• Detector Waters 2487 series UV/VIS detector, or equivalent at 270 nm
• Software Waters Empower 3 Pro Gel Permeation Chromatography software or equivalent
• Injector Waters 717 Wisp Auto sampler or equivalent
• Flow rate 0.3 ml/min
• UV detection 270 nm
• Column temperature 45°C
• Column Two PLgel 5 ⁇ m MiniMix-D, 250 x 4.6mm Columns, Agilent, Part No.
• Example 1 – Polymer PAI-1 having M w /M n ⁇ 3.40 ODA (0.201 moles) and MPDA (0.086 moles) were charged into a 4-neck jacketed round-bottom flask fitted with overhead mechanical stirrer. NMP (270 grams) was charged to the flask and the mixture was cooled to 10 °C with mild agitation under a nitrogen atmosphere. The flask was fitted with a heated addition funnel to which TMAC (0.316 moles) was charged and heated to a minimum of 100 °C. The molten TMAC was added to the solution of diamine in NMP at a rate sufficient not to exceed 40 °C with vigorous agitation.
• Comparative Example 1 –Polymer PAI-2 having M w /M n > 3.40 ODA (0.263 moles) and MPDA (0.113 moles), and TMA (0.019) were charged into a 4-neck jacketed round-bottom flask fitted with overhead mechanical stirrer. NMP (290 grams) was charged to the flask and the mixture was cooled to 10 °C with mild agitation under a nitrogen atmosphere. The flask was fitted with a heated addition funnel to which TMAC (0.377 moles) was charged and heated to a minimum of 100 °C. The molten TMAC was added to the solution of diamine in NMP at a rate sufficient not to exceed 40 °C with vigorous agitation.
• Example 2 – Compositions comprising Polymer PAI [0084] General procedure: a solution containing 23 wt% of polymer was prepared by heating a mixture of the polymer powder (4.74 g) and the selected solvent (S) (15.26 g) at 90°C for 10 minutes. [0085] As a comparison, a 25 wt% solution of polymer PAI-2 in NMP was also prepared by heating a mixture of polymer powder (5 g) and NMP (20 g) at 90 °C for 10 minutes. [0086] The compositions and their properties are detailed in Table 2.
• Table 2 [0087] The results in Table 2 show that compositions containing polymer PAI-1 having M w /M n of 3.28 have significantly lower viscosities than compositions containing the same amount of a PAI polymer with a M w /M n greater than 3.40 in the same solvent. This is surprsing taking also into consideration the higher molecular weight of polymer PAI-1.
• the comparison between the viscosity of the composition of run 5 and those of runs 2 and 4 show that PAI polymers with a M w /M n greater than 3.40 provide compositions in NMP having suitable viscosity for coating applications.

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