WO2023025297A1 - Qled器件的制备方法、qled器件及显示器件 - Google Patents

Qled器件的制备方法、qled器件及显示器件 Download PDF

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WO2023025297A1
WO2023025297A1 PCT/CN2022/115210 CN2022115210W WO2023025297A1 WO 2023025297 A1 WO2023025297 A1 WO 2023025297A1 CN 2022115210 W CN2022115210 W CN 2022115210W WO 2023025297 A1 WO2023025297 A1 WO 2023025297A1
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quantum dot
acid
layer
dot layer
transport layer
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PCT/CN2022/115210
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French (fr)
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姚振垒
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Tcl科技集团股份有限公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/115OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising active inorganic nanostructures, e.g. luminescent quantum dots
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14Carrier transporting layers
    • H10K50/16Electron transporting layers
    • H10K50/165Electron transporting layers comprising dopants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/17Carrier injection layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10OLED displays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a method for preparing a QLED device, a QLED device and a display device.
  • Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes based on semiconductor quantum dots have shown broad application prospects in the fields of display and lighting due to their advantages such as better monochromaticity, color saturation, and lower fabrication costs. .
  • the light-emitting layer of a QLED device is quantum dots. Since quantum dots are generally inorganic nanocrystals, in order to improve the solubility of quantum dot nanocrystals in solution, many organic ligands are usually connected to the surface of quantum dots. The commonly used organic ligands are unsaturated fatty acids. However, after the quantum dots are formed into a film, the quantum dots with ligands will increase the electron injection barrier, which will increase the operating voltage of the device and cause unnecessary thermal effects, resulting in a decrease in device performance.
  • the present application provides a preparation method of a QLED device, a QLED device and a display device, so as to reduce the electron injection barrier of the QLED, thereby improving the performance of the QLED device.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a QLED device, comprising the following steps:
  • the material of the quantum dot layer includes quantum dots, unsaturated fatty acid ligands are bound to the surface of the quantum dots, and the material of the electron transport layer includes n-type nano metal oxides.
  • the oxidizing agent solution includes an oxidizing agent, a catalyst and an ultra-dry organic solvent.
  • the oxidizing agent is selected from peroxyorganic acids
  • the catalyst is selected from at least one of copper chloride, zinc chloride and aluminum chloride;
  • the ultra-dry organic solvent is selected from ultra-dry ethanol.
  • the peroxyorganic acid is selected from m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, trifluoroperoxyacetic acid, monoperoxymaleic acid, monoperoxyphthalic acid, 3,5-dinitroperoxybenzene At least one of formic acid, p-nitroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxyformic acid and peroxybenzoic acid.
  • the unsaturated fatty acid ligand is oleic acid.
  • the material of the n-type nano metal oxide includes at least one of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide.
  • the concentration of the oxidizing agent is 10 mg/mL to 50 mg/mL
  • the concentration of the catalyst is 10 mg/mL to 30 mg/mL.
  • applying an oxidant solution on the quantum dot layer includes: applying an oxidant solution on the quantum dot layer until the oxidant solution completely covers the surface of the quantum dot layer, and cleaning the quantum dot layer after the oxidation reaction is completed. Reactants remaining on the surface of the quantum dot layer.
  • the time for the oxidation reaction is 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
  • the providing a substrate with a quantum dot layer on the anode includes: using a solution method, applying a quantum dot solution on the anode, forming a quantum dot layer after heat treatment, the quantum dot solution includes quantum dots and non-polar solvent.
  • the present application provides a QLED device, including an anode, a cathode, and a stack between the cathode and the anode, the stack includes a quantum dot layer and an electron transport layer, and the quantum dot layer is close to The anode is set, the electron transport layer is set close to the cathode, the material of the electron transport layer includes n-type nano metal oxide, the quantum dot layer material includes quantum dots, the quantum dot layer and the electron The interface of the transport layer has quantum dots bound by dicarboxylic acid ligands.
  • the dicarboxylic acid ligand is azelaic acid.
  • the material of the n-type nano metal oxide includes at least one of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide.
  • the material of the quantum dots includes at least one of II-VI group compounds, III-V group compounds and I-III-VI group compounds, and the II-VI group compounds are selected from CdSe, CdS, CdTe , ZnSe, ZnS, CdTe, ZnTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnTeS, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdTeS; at least one of CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe and CdZnSTe;
  • the III-V group compound is selected from InP, InAs At least one of , GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, InAsP, InNP, InNSb, GaAlNP and InAlNP;
  • the I-III-VI group compound is selected from at least one of CuInS 2 , CuInSe 2 and AgIn
  • the mass percentage of the quantum dots bound by the dicarboxylic acid ligand is 80% to 90%.
  • the QLED device further includes a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer is disposed between the anode and the quantum dot layer;
  • the material of the hole transport layer is selected from poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-CO-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine), 3-hexyl substituted polythiophene, poly(9-vinylcarba azole), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(4-butylphenyl)amine], 4,4',4'-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine or 4,4'-bis( 9-carbazole) biphenyl.
  • the present application provides a display device, including: a QLED device prepared by a method for preparing a QLED device, and the method for preparing a QLED device includes the steps of:
  • the material of the quantum dot layer includes quantum dots
  • the surface of the quantum dots is bound with unsaturated fatty acid ligands
  • the material of the electron transport layer includes n-type nano metal oxides
  • the quantum dot layer and the electron transport The interface of the layer has quantum dots bound by dicarboxylic acid ligands.
  • the oxidizing agent solution includes an oxidizing agent, a catalyst and an ultra-dry organic solvent;
  • the oxidizing agent is selected from peroxyorganic acid; the catalyst is selected from at least one of copper chloride, zinc chloride and aluminum chloride; and the ultra-dry organic solvent is selected from ultra-dry ethanol.
  • the peroxyorganic acid is selected from m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, trifluoroperoxyacetic acid, monoperoxymaleic acid, monoperoxyphthalic acid, 3,5-dinitroperoxybenzene At least one of formic acid, p-nitroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxyformic acid and peroxybenzoic acid.
  • the dicarboxylic acid ligand is azelaic acid.
  • This application provides a method for preparing a QLED device.
  • an oxidizing agent solution through an oxidation reaction, the unsaturated fatty acid ligand is broken at its unsaturated double bond to generate a short-chain acid, so that the ligand on the surface of the quantum dot is changed from unsaturated Fatty acids become dicarboxylic acids.
  • dicarboxylic acids have bipolar functional groups, dicarboxylic acids can connect quantum dots on one side and n-type nano-metal oxides in the electron transport layer on the other side through coordination bonds, thereby bringing quantum dots closer together.
  • the distance between the light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer can effectively increase the electron injection rate, thereby improving the device performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for preparing a QLED device provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of oxidation reaction of quantum dot surface ligands provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a QLED device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a QLED device, a QLED device, and a display device. Each will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the description sequence of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred sequence of the embodiments.
  • a description of a range from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and Single numbers within the stated ranges, eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, apply regardless of the range.
  • a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the indicated range.
  • the term "and/or” is used to describe the relationship between associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, "A and/or B" may indicate three situations: the first situation is that A exists alone ; The second case is the presence of A and B at the same time; the third case is the case of B alone, wherein A and B can be singular or plural respectively.
  • the term "at least one” means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more.
  • the terms “at least one”, “at least one of the following” or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.
  • “at least one (one) of a, b, or c” or “at least one (one) of a, b, and c” can be expressed as: a, b, c, a-b (that is, a and b ), a-c, b-c or a-b-c, wherein, a, b and c can be single or multiple respectively.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a QLED device, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the material of the quantum dot layer includes quantum dots
  • the surface of the quantum dots is bound with unsaturated fatty acid ligands
  • the material of the electron transport layer includes n-type nano metal oxides
  • the oxidant solution includes an oxidant, a catalyst, and a super Dry organic solvents.
  • the commonality of quantum dot materials is that there are a large number of defects on the surface, such as: unbonded cations, which are the main factor for the low quantum efficiency of quantum dots, ligands can provide electrons, and the surface of quantum dots provides empty orbits for unbonded cations. It forms a bond through coordination, and serves the purpose of passivating quantum dot defects and preventing the efficiency of quantum dots from decreasing.
  • the commonly used organic ligands are unsaturated fatty acids.
  • the applicant of the present application found that after the quantum dots are formed into a film, the unsaturated fatty acid ligands with long carbon chains will block the contact between the quantum dot layer and the electron transport layer, and improve the injection of electrons.
  • the potential barrier increases the operating voltage of the device and generates unnecessary thermal effects, resulting in a decrease in device performance.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a QLED device.
  • the unsaturated fatty acid ligand is broken at its unsaturated double bond to generate a short-chain acid.
  • the ligands on the surface of the quantum dots are changed from unsaturated fatty acids to dicarboxylic acids.
  • Dicarboxylic acid has a bipolar functional group. Since the metal atom in the n-type nano-metal oxide has empty orbitals, and the oxygen atom in the bipolar functional group of azelaic acid has a lone pair of electrons, it is easy to form a coordination between the two. bit key.
  • the bipolar functional group of azelaic acid can be connected to the quantum dots and the n-type nano-metal oxide in the electron transport layer through the coordination bond, so that the distance between the quantum dot light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer can be shortened, thereby improving Electron injection rate improves device performance.
  • the unsaturated fatty acid may be an unsaturated fatty acid with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and the unsaturated fatty acid may be linear or branched.
  • the unsaturated fatty acid ligand is oleic acid.
  • Oleic acid is a kind of octadecenoic acid, which is an unsaturated fatty acid ligand commonly used in quantum dots.
  • the double bond of oleic acid between the ninth carbon and the tenth carbon is easy to oxidize and break. method, the oleic acid ligands on the surface of the quantum dots can be changed into azelaic acid ligands.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the oxidation reaction of the quantum dot surface ligand.
  • oleic acid reacts with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid
  • the ninth carbon of oleic acid reacts with The double bond between the tenth carbon is oxidatively broken to form azelaic acid.
  • Azelaic acid is a straight chain structure.
  • the carboxylic acid at one end can be connected with the n-type nano metal oxide, which can shorten the distance between the quantum dot light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer, thereby increasing the electron injection rate and improving device performance.
  • This application generates dicarboxylic acid ligands through oxidation reaction, which avoids the reintroduction of dicarboxylic acid in the original quantum dot preparation system, fully retains the unsaturated fatty acid ligands left by the original unsaturated fatty acid reaction system, and avoids directly adding Dicarboxylic acid is added to the reaction system as a ligand to affect the preparation of quantum dots, and reduces the strong polarity of dicarboxylic acid on the solubility of quantum dots in solvents (such as n-octane). Effect of ligand type on quantum dot layer process technology.
  • the precursor for the synthesis of quantum dots is cadmium oleate, and the solvent used is also oleic acid, so the ligand on the surface of quantum dots is naturally oleic acid, and directly
  • the combination of azelaic acid and quantum dots will be detrimental to the entire reaction system; moreover, if the quantum dot surface ligand oleic acid is directly replaced by azelaic acid, the polarity of the ligand will change greatly after the ligand exchange, and the azelaic acid Strong polarity will affect the solubility of quantum dots in solvents, so it is not suitable for the solution system used in the device preparation process, and this application is to first prepare the quantum dot layer containing unsaturated carboxylic acid ligands, and then in The surface of the quantum dots is oxidized, which will reduce the impact on the device.
  • the oxidizing agent solution includes an oxidizing agent, a catalyst, and an ultra-dry organic solvent.
  • the oxidizing agent is selected from peroxyorganic acid
  • the peroxyorganic acid can be selected from m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, trifluoroperoxyacetic acid, monoperoxymaleic acid, monoperoxyphthalic acid At least one of dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-dinitroperoxybenzoic acid, p-nitroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxyformic acid and peroxybenzoic acid.
  • the peroxidized organic acid has weak acidity, so a mild oxidation reaction can occur on the surface of the quantum dot layer, and the unsaturated fatty acid ligand can be broken at its unsaturated double bond without affecting the properties of the quantum dot itself.
  • the oxidant can also be selected from other weak acids, such as peroxy inorganic acid compounds, as long as the unsaturated fatty acid ligand on the quantum dot can be broken at its unsaturated double bond, specifically It is not limited here.
  • the catalyst may be selected from at least one of copper chloride (CuCl 2 ), zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ).
  • the ultra-dry organic solvent is to dissolve the oxidizing agent and the catalyst.
  • the ultra-dry organic solvent can be selected from ultra-dry ethanol.
  • the concentration of the oxidizing agent is 10 mg/mL (milligrams per milliliter) to 50 mg/mL. If the concentration of the oxidizing agent is too high, it will cause side reactions such as ligand falling off the surface of the quantum dots. If the concentration of the oxidizing agent is too low, it will cause slow or even no reaction, and the device preparation cycle will become longer, which is not conducive to production.
  • the concentration of the oxidizing agent can be anywhere from 10 mg/mL to 50 mg/mL, such as 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 35 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL mL, 45mg/mL, 50mg/mL, etc.
  • the catalyst concentration is 10 mg/mL to 30 mg/mL. If the concentration of the catalyst is too high, it will cause too much adsorption of the catalyst on the surface of the quantum dots, and the cleaning difficulty in the subsequent cleaning process will increase. conducive to production. It can be understood that the catalyst concentration can be any value within 10mg/mL to 30mg/mL, such as 10mg/mL, 12mg/mL, 15mg/mL, 18mg/mL, 20mg/mL, 22mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 27mg/mL, 30mg/mL, etc.
  • applying an oxidant solution on the quantum dot layer includes: applying an oxidant solution on the quantum dot layer until the oxidant solution completely covers the surface of the quantum dot layer, and after the oxidation reaction is completed, cleaning Reactants remaining on the surface of the quantum dot layer.
  • the time for the oxidation reaction is 20 minutes (minutes) to 40 minutes. If the reaction time is too long, the device preparation cycle will become longer, which is not conducive to production. If the reaction time is too short, the reaction will be incomplete, which will affect the performance of the device. It can be understood that the reaction can take any value within 20 minutes to 40 minutes, such as 20 minutes, 22 minutes, 25 minutes, 27 minutes, 30 minutes, 32 minutes, 35 minutes, 37 minutes, 40 minutes and so on.
  • the cleaning solution used is an ultra-dry organic solution, such as ultra-dry ethanol, so as to reduce the erosion of the quantum dots by moisture.
  • each functional layer of the QLED device can be realized by a method known in the art, such as a solution method
  • the solution method can include: spin coating method, printing method, inkjet printing method, blade coating method , printing method, dipping method, soaking method, spraying method, roller coating method, casting method, slit coating method, strip coating method.
  • the preparation of the QLED device includes the following steps:
  • the quantum dot solution includes quantum dots and a non-polar solvent.
  • the non-polar solvent may be a non-polar solvent known in the art for dissolving quantum dots, such as n-octane, toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, and the like.
  • This application generates dicarboxylic acid ligands through oxidation reactions, avoiding the re-introduction of dicarboxylic acids in the original quantum dot preparation system, and can reduce the strong polarity of dicarboxylic acids.
  • quantum dots in solvents especially non-polar solvents
  • the influence of the solubility of the ligand reduces the influence of the ligand type on the process technology of the light-emitting layer.
  • the solution method is specifically a spin-coating method
  • the spin-coating method since the spin-coating method has the characteristics of mild process conditions, simple operation, energy saving and environmental protection, the photoelectric device prepared by this method has high mobility of carriers (that is, holes or electrons). , accurate thickness and other advantages.
  • the preparation of the QLED device includes the following steps:
  • the anode of the QLED device described in the embodiment of the present application is formed on the substrate, and hole functional layers such as a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer can also be formed between the anode and the quantum dot layer, Electronic functional layers such as an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer may also be formed between the cathode and the quantum dot layer.
  • hole functional layers such as a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer can also be formed between the anode and the quantum dot layer
  • Electronic functional layers such as an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer may also be formed between the cathode and the quantum dot layer.
  • each functional layer is a common material in the field, for example:
  • the substrate can be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. Specifically, it may be a glass substrate.
  • the anode can be ITO or FTO.
  • the material of the hole transport layer can be selected from but not limited to: TFB (poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-CO-N-(4-butylphenyl) diphenylamine)), P 3 HT (3 -hexyl substituted polythiophene), PVK (poly(9-vinylcarbazole)), poly-TPD (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(4-butylphenyl)amine]), TCTA (4,4',4'-tri(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine), CBP (4,4'-bis(9-carbazole)biphenyl), etc.
  • TFB poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-CO-N-(4-butylphenyl) diphenylamine
  • P 3 HT 3 -hexyl substituted polythiophene
  • PVK poly(9-vinylcarbazole)
  • the quantum dots can be selected from but not limited to: at least one of II-VI compounds, III-V compounds and I ⁇ III ⁇ VI compounds, and the II-VI compounds are selected from CdSe, CdS, CdTe , ZnSe, ZnS, CdTe, ZnTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnTeS, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdTeS; at least one of CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe and CdZnSTe;
  • the III-V group compound is selected from InP, InAs At least one of , GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, InAsP, InNP, InNSb, GaAlNP and InAlNP;
  • the I ⁇ III ⁇ VI group compound is selected from at least one of CuInS 2 , CuInSe 2 and Ag
  • the N-type nano metal oxide may be selected from, but not limited to: at least one of oxides of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide and the metal alloys mentioned above.
  • the quantum dot layer material is composed of quantum dots, and unsaturated fatty acid ligands are bound to the surface of the quantum dots; and/or, the material of the electron transport layer is composed of n-type nano metal oxides; And/or, the oxidizing agent solution is composed of oxidizing agent, catalyst and ultra-dry organic solvent.
  • the cathode can be made of metal materials such as aluminum element, magnesium element, calcium element, silver element, or alloy materials thereof.
  • the present application also provides a QLED device, including an anode, a cathode, and a stack between the cathode and the anode, the stack includes a quantum dot layer and an electron transport layer, and the quantum dot layer is disposed close to the anode , the electron transport layer is disposed close to the cathode, the material of the electron transport layer includes n-type nano metal oxide, the material of the quantum dot layer includes quantum dots, the surface of the quantum dots is bound with ligands, at least part of the The ligand is a dicarboxylic acid ligand, and the dicarboxylic acid ligand and the quantum dots combined with the dicarboxylic acid ligand are distributed on the interface where the quantum dot layer and the electron transport layer are in contact.
  • the ligand on the surface of the quantum dot is a dicarboxylic acid, which has a bipolar functional group, because there are empty orbitals in the metal atoms in the n-type nano-metal oxide, and azelaic acid
  • a dicarboxylic acid which has a bipolar functional group, because there are empty orbitals in the metal atoms in the n-type nano-metal oxide, and azelaic acid
  • the quantum dots bound to the dicarboxylic acid ligand and the dicarboxylic acid ligand are distributed on the quantum
  • the interface between the dot layer and the electron transport layer, so the bipolar functional group of azelaic acid can connect the quantum dots and the n-type nano metal oxide in the electron transport layer through the coordination bond, so that the quantum
  • the distance between the light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer can be adjusted to increase the electron injection rate and improve device performance.
  • the dicarboxylic acid ligands and the quantum dots combined with the dicarboxylic acid ligands are distributed on the interface between the quantum dot layer and the electron transport layer. If the dicarboxylic acid ligands are distributed on the quantum dots In the layer, the strong polarity of the dicarboxylic acid will affect the solubility of the quantum dots in the solvent, so it is not suitable for the solution system used in the device preparation process.
  • the dicarboxylic acid ligands connected to the quantum dots are generally carbon atoms The number is, for example, 4 to 9 short-chain acids, so the distance between the quantum dots is generally relatively close, and the energy between the quantum dots is easy to transfer, which will be detrimental to the performance of the device.
  • the ligands bound to the quantum dots on the surface of the quantum dot layer are dicarboxylic acids, while the inside of the quantum dot layer can be other long-chain ligands, and the dicarboxylic acids on the surface can promote the injection of electrons; other long-chain ligands inside the quantum dot layer It can reduce the energy transfer inside the quantum dot film and the influence of the solvent in the quantum dot process system, and further reduce the influence on the device.
  • the dicarboxylic acid ligand is azelaic acid.
  • the mass percentage of the quantum dots bound by the dicarboxylic acid ligand is 80% to 90%.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the QLED device of the present invention.
  • the material of the substrate 1 is a glass substrate
  • the material of the anode 2 is an ITO substrate
  • the hole injection layer 3 is a PEDOT:PSS (poly3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate) material.
  • the material of hole transport layer 4 is TFB
  • the material of quantum dot layer 5 is quantum dot material combined with azelaic acid ligand
  • the material of electron transport layer 6 is zinc oxide material
  • the material of cathode 7 is aluminum (Al).
  • the present application also provides a display device, including: the QLED device prepared by the preparation method described in any of the above embodiments, or the QLED device described in any of the above embodiments, its structure , implementation principles and effects are similar and will not be repeated here.
  • the QLED display device can be: a lighting fixture and a backlight source, or any product or component with a display function such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a TV set, a monitor, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, and a navigator.
  • This comparative example provides a preparation method of a QLED device:
  • the present application also provides a verification example.
  • the embodiment 1-implementation The life and efficiency of the quantum dot devices prepared in Example 6 and Comparative Example are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • EQE is the external quantum efficiency
  • T95@1000nit is the time required for the maximum brightness of the device to decay to 950nit from 1000nit according to the conversion of Lmax and T95, and the acceleration factor is 1.7.
  • Example 1 0.5958 37.0578 128.4737
  • Example 2 0.6472 37.4911 132.5174
  • Example 3 1.2913 45.2095 147.428
  • Example 4 1.1602 39.0724 127.7243
  • Example 5 0.6574 32.8071 112.7107
  • Example 6 0.6335 30.2061 108.5022 comparative example 0.5859 4.2771 11.095
  • the current density @3V, @4V and @5V is the current density under the conditions of 3V, 4V and 5V respectively, and the unit is mA/cm 2 .
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a QLED device, a QLED device and a display device.
  • an oxidant solution including an oxidant, a catalyst and an ultra-dry organic solvent is used to prevent
  • the saturated fatty acid ligand breaks the chain at its unsaturated double bond to generate a short chain acid, and the ligand on the surface of the quantum dot changes from unsaturated fatty acid to dicarboxylic acid.
  • Dicarboxylic acid has a bipolar functional group, which can connect quantum dots and n-type nano-metal oxides in the electron transport layer through coordination bonds, so that the distance between the quantum dot light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer can be shortened, thereby increasing the electron density. injection rate and improve device performance.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种QLED器件的制备方法、QLED器件及显示器件,该制备方法通过在量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液,以使量子点表面的配体由不饱和脂肪酸变成二羧酸,二羧酸的双极性官能团可以通过配位键一边连接量子点,一边连接QLED器件电子传输层中的n型纳米金属氧化物,从而提高电子注入速率,进而提高器件光电性能。

Description

QLED器件的制备方法、QLED器件及显示器件
本申请要求于2021年08月27日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202110998269.3、申请名称为“QLED器件的制备方法、QLED器件及显示器件”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域,具体涉及一种QLED器件的制备方法、QLED器件及显示器件。
背景技术
基于半导体量子点的量子点发光二极管(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes,QLED)由于具有更好的单色性、色彩饱和度和较低的制备成本等优点而在显示和照明领域展现出广阔的应用前景。
QLED器件的发光层是量子点。由于量子点一般是无机纳米晶体,为了提高量子点纳米晶在溶液中的溶解性,通常在量子点表面连接许多有机配体。而常用的有机配体是不饱和脂肪酸。但是在量子点成膜后,带有配体的量子点会提高电子的注入势垒,使得器件的工作电压升高,产生不必要的热效应,导致器件性能的降低。
技术问题
因此,如何降低QLED的电子注入势垒以提高QLED器件性能是本申请所要解决的技术问题。
技术解决方案
鉴于此,本申请提供了一种QLED器件的制备方法、QLED器件及显示器件,以降低QLED的电子注入势垒,从而提高QLED器件性能。
第一方面,本申请提供了一种QLED器件的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
提供一在阳极上具有量子点层的基板;
在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液;
在所述量子点层上制备电子传输层;以及
在所述电子传输层上制备阴极,获得所述QLED器件;
其中,所述量子点层材料包括量子点,所述量子点表面结合有不饱和脂肪酸配体,所述电子传输层的材料包括n型纳米金属氧化物。
可选地,所述氧化剂溶液包括氧化剂、催化剂以及超干有机溶剂。
可选地,所述氧化剂选自过氧有机酸;
所述催化剂选自氯化铜、氯化锌及氯化铝中的至少一种;
所述超干有机溶剂选自超干乙醇。
可选地,所述过氧有机酸选自间氯过氧苯甲酸、三氟过氧乙酸、单过氧马来酸、单过氧邻苯二甲酸、3,5-二硝基过氧苯甲酸、对硝基过氧苯甲酸、过氧甲酸及过氧苯甲酸中的至少一种。
可选地,所述不饱和脂肪酸配体为油酸。
可选地,所述n型纳米金属氧化物的材料包括氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化镁以及氧化铝中的至少一种。
可选地,所述氧化剂的浓度为10mg/mL至50mg/mL,所述催化剂的浓度为10mg/mL至30mg/mL。
可选地,在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液包括:在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液,至所述氧化剂溶液完全覆盖所述量子点层表面,待氧化反应完成后,清洗所述量子点层表面残留的反应物。
可选地,在所述氧化反应中,氧化反应的时间为20min至40min。
可选地,所述提供一在阳极上具有量子点层的基板,包括:利用溶液法,在所述阳极上施加量子点溶液,热处理后形成量子点层,所述量子点溶液包括量子点和非极性溶剂。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种QLED器件,包括阳极、阴极以及设在所述阴极和阳极之间的叠层,所述叠层包括量子点层和电子传输层,所述量子点层靠近所述阳极设置,所述电子传输层靠近所述阴极设置,所述电子传输层的材料包括n型纳米金属氧化物,所述量子点层材料包括量子点,所述量子点层和所述电子传输层的界面有二羧酸配体结合的量子点。
可选地,所述二羧酸配体为壬二酸。
可选地,所述n型纳米金属氧化物的材料包括氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化镁以及氧化铝中的至少一种。
可选地,所述量子点的材料包括II-VI族化合物、III-V族化合物和I-III-VI族化合物中的至少一种,所述II-VI族化合物选自CdSe、CdS、CdTe、ZnSe、ZnS、CdTe、ZnTe、CdZnS、CdZnSe、CdZnTe、ZnSeS、ZnSeTe、ZnTeS、CdSeS、CdSeTe、CdTeS;CdZnSeS、CdZnSeTe和CdZnSTe中的至少一种;所述III-V族化合物选自InP、InAs、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、AlN、AlP、InAsP、InNP、InNSb、GaAlNP和InAlNP中的至少一种;所述I-III-VI族化合物选自CuInS 2、CuInSe 2和AgInS 2中的至少一种。
可选地,在所述量子点层和所述电子传输层的界面,以所述界面上量子点层材料为总重量计,所述二羧酸配体结合的量子点的质量百分比为80%至90%。
可选地,所述QLED器件还包括空穴传输层,所述空穴传输层设置于所述阳极与所述量子点层之间;
所述空穴传输层的材料选自聚(9,9-二辛基芴-CO-N-(4-丁基苯基)二苯胺)、3-己基取代聚噻吩、聚(9-乙烯咔唑)、聚[双(4-苯基)(4-丁基苯基)胺]、4,4',4'-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺或4,4'-二(9-咔唑)联苯。
第三方面,本申请提供了一种显示器件,包括:由QLED器件的制备方法制备的QLED器件,所述QLED器件的制备方法包括步骤:
提供一在阳极上具有量子点层的基板;
在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液;
在所述量子点层上制备电子传输层;以及
在所述电子传输层上制备阴极,获得所述QLED器件;
其中,所述量子点层材料包括量子点,所述量子点表面结合有不饱和脂肪酸配体,所述电子传输层的材料包括n型纳米金属氧化物,所述量子点层和所述电子传输层的界面有二羧酸配体结合的量子点。
可选地,所述氧化剂溶液包括氧化剂、催化剂以及超干有机溶剂;
其中,所述氧化剂选自过氧有机酸;所述催化剂选自氯化铜、氯化锌及氯化铝中的至少一种;所述超干有机溶剂选自超干乙醇。
可选地,所述过氧有机酸选自间氯过氧苯甲酸、三氟过氧乙酸、单过氧马来酸、单过氧邻苯二甲酸、3,5-二硝基过氧苯甲酸、对硝基过氧苯甲酸、过氧甲酸及过氧苯甲酸中的至少一种。
可选地,所述二羧酸配体为壬二酸。
有益效果
本申请提供一种QLED器件的制备方法,利用氧化剂溶液,通过氧化反应,将不饱和脂肪酸配体在其不饱和双键处断链以生成短链酸,使得量子点表面的配体由不饱和脂肪酸变成二羧酸,由于二羧酸具有双极性官能团,所以二羧酸可以通过配位键一边连接量子点,另一边连接电子传输层中的n型纳米金属氧化物,从而拉近量子点发光层与电子传输层的距离,有效提高电子注入速率,进而提高器件性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的QLED器件的制备方法的一个实施例的流程示意图;
图2是本申请实施例提供QLED器件的量子点表面配体发生氧化反应一个实施例的示意图;
图3是本申请实施例提供的QLED器件一个实施例的结构示意图。
本申请的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法、QLED器件及显示器件。以下分别进行详细说明。需说明的是,以下实施例的描述顺序不作为对实施例优选顺序的限定。
另外,在本申请的描述中,术语“包括”是指“包括但不限于”。本申请的各种实施例可以以一个范围的型式存在;应当理解,以一范围型式的描述仅仅是因为方便及简洁,不应理解为对本申请范围的硬性限制;因此,应当认为所述的范围描述已经具体公开所有可能的子范围以及该范围内的单一数值。例如,应当认为从1到6的范围描述已经具体公开子范围,例如从1到3,从1到4,从1到5,从2到4,从2到6,从3到6等,以及所述范围内的单一数字,例如1、2、3、4、5及6,此不管范围为何皆适用。每当在本文中指出数值范围,是指包括所指范围内的任何引用的数字(分数或整数)。
在本申请中,术语“和/或”用于描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,“A和/或B”可以表示三种情况:第一种情况是单独存在A;第二种情况是同时存在A和B;第三种情况是单独存在B的情况,其中,A和B分别可以是单数或者复数。
在本申请中,术语“至少一种”是指一种或多种,“多种”是指两种或两种以上。术语“至少一个”、 “以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达,指的是这些项中的任意组合,包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如,“a、b或c中的至少一项(个)”或“a, b和c中的至少一项(个)”均可表示为:a、b、c、a-b(即a和b)、a-c、b-c或a-b-c,其中,a, b和 c分别可以是单个或多个。
首先,如图1所示,本申请实施例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法,所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
S10. 提供一在阳极上具有量子点层的基板;
S20. 在量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液;
S30. 在量子点层上制备电子传输层;以及
S40. 在电子传输层上制备阴极,获得QLED器件;
其中,所述量子点层材料包括量子点,所述量子点表面结合有不饱和脂肪酸配体,所述电子传输层的材料包括n型纳米金属氧化物,所述氧化剂溶液包括氧化剂、催化剂以及超干有机溶剂。
量子点材料共性是表面存在大量的缺陷,例如:未成键阳离子,该未成键阳离子是量子点量子效率低的主要因素,配体可以提供电子,量子点表面为未成键阳离子提供空轨道,两者通过配位的方式成键,并起到钝化量子点缺陷,防止量子点效率降低的目的。常用的有机配体是不饱和脂肪酸,然而,本申请的申请人发现,在量子点成膜后,长碳链的不饱和脂肪酸配体会阻隔量子点层与电子传输层的接触,提高电子的注入势垒,使得器件的工作电压升高,产生不必要的热效应,导致器件性能的降低。
本申请因此提供一种QLED器件的制备方法,通过氧化反应,在不影响量子点本身性质的情况下,将不饱和脂肪酸配体在其不饱和双键处断链,生成短链酸。这样量子点表面的配体就由不饱和脂肪酸变成二羧酸。二羧酸具有双极性官能团,由于n型纳米金属氧化物中的金属原子存在空轨道,而壬二酸的双极性官能团中的氧原子存在孤对电子,故两者之间容易形成配位键。因此壬二酸的双极性官能团可以通过配位键一边连接量子点,一边连接电子传输层中的n型纳米金属氧化物,如此可以拉近量子点发光层与电子传输层的距离,从而提高电子注入速率,提高器件性能。
在一些实施例中,所述不饱和脂肪酸可以为碳原子个数为8到18的不饱和脂肪酸,所述不饱和脂肪酸可以是直链的,也可以是支链的。例如:十四碳烯酸、十六碳烯酸或者含有支链的上述烯酸。但不仅限于此,在一实施例中,所述不饱和脂肪酸配体为油酸。油酸是一种十八碳烯酸,是量子点常用的一种不饱和脂肪酸配体,油酸位于第九个碳与第十个碳之间的双键易氧化断裂,本申请提供的氧化方法,可以将量子点表面的油酸配体变成壬二酸配体。
例如,如图2所示,图2为量子点表面配体发生氧化反应的一个实施例示意图,在催化剂的作用下,油酸与间氯过氧苯甲酸反应,油酸的第九个碳与第十个碳之间的双键氧化断裂,形成壬二酸,壬二酸为直链的结构,该直链结构的两端各自有一个羧酸,其中一端的羧酸与量子点连接,另外一端的羧酸可以与n型纳米金属氧化物连接,可以拉近量子点发光层与电子传输层的距离,从而提高电子注入速率,提高器件性能。
本申请通过氧化反应生成二羧酸配体,避免了在原有量子点制备体系中再次引入二元羧酸,可充分保留原不饱和脂肪酸反应体系留下的不饱和脂肪酸配体,避免了直接将二元羧酸作为配体加入反应体系中而影响量子点的制备,并降低了二元羧酸的强极性对于量子点在溶剂(例如正辛烷)中的溶解性的影响,减小了配体类型对于量子点层制程工艺的影响。
以油酸配体为例,在制备量子点的过程中,合成量子点的前驱体为油酸镉,其溶剂使用的也为油酸,所以量子点表面配体天然为油酸,而直接将壬二酸与量子点结合将不利于整个反应体系;再有,如果将量子点表面配体油酸直接置换为壬二酸,配体交换后配体的极性发生较大改变,壬二酸极性较强会影响量子点在溶剂中的溶解性,因此不适用器件制备过程中所采用的溶液体系,而本申请是先将含有不饱和羧酸配体的量子点层制备完成,再在量子点表面经氧化处理,如此将减少对器件的影响。
在一些实施例中,所述氧化剂溶液包括氧化剂、催化剂以及超干有机溶剂。
在一些实施例中,所述氧化剂选自过氧有机酸,所述过氧有机酸可以选自间氯过氧苯甲酸、三氟过氧乙酸、单过氧马来酸、单过氧邻苯二甲酸、3,5-二硝基过氧苯甲酸、对硝基过氧苯甲酸、过氧甲酸及过氧苯甲酸中的至少一种。过氧化有机酸的酸性较弱,因此可以在量子点层的表面发生温和的氧化反应,在不影响量子点本身性质的情况下,将不饱和脂肪酸配体在其不饱和双键处断链。但不仅限于此,所述氧化剂还可以选自其他的弱酸,例如过氧无机酸化合物,只要能使所述量子点上的不饱和脂肪酸配体在其不饱和双键处断链即可,具体此处不作限定。
在一些实施例中,所述催化剂可以选自氯化铜(CuCl 2)、氯化锌(ZnCl 2)及氯化铝(AlCl 3)中的至少一种。
所述超干有机溶剂的目的是用于溶解氧化剂与催化剂,另一方面,为了降低水分对量子点的侵蚀,防止水分与氯化铜等催化剂生成HCl,对量子点造成破坏。在一具体实施例中,所述超干有机溶剂可以选自超干乙醇。
在一些实施例中,所述氧化剂的浓度为10mg/mL(毫克每毫升)至50mg/mL。若氧化剂的浓度过高,则引起配体从量子点表面脱落等副反应,若氧化剂浓度过低,则会造成反应缓慢甚至不反应,器件制备周期变长,不利于生产进行。可以理解的是,所述氧化剂浓度可以在10mg/mL至50mg/mL内任意取值,例如10mg/mL、15mg/mL、20mg/mL、25mg/mL、30mg/mL、35mg/mL、40mg/mL、45mg/mL、50mg/mL等。
在一些实施例中,所述催化剂浓度为10mg/mL至30mg/mL。若催化剂的浓度过高,则会造成催化剂在量子点表面过多吸附,后续清洗过程中的清洗难度增加,若催化剂浓度过低,则会造成反应缓慢甚至不反应,器件制备周期变长,不利于生产进行。可以理解的是,催化剂浓度可以在10mg/mL至30mg/mL内任意取值,例如10mg/mL、12mg/mL、15mg/mL、18mg/mL、20mg/mL、22mg/mL、25mg/mL、27mg/mL、30mg/mL等。
在一些实施例中,在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液包括:在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液,至所述氧化剂溶液完全覆盖所述量子点层表面,待氧化反应完成后,清洗所述量子点层表面残留的反应物。
在一些实施例中,在所述氧化反应中,氧化反应的时间为20min(分钟)至40min。若反应时间过长,则器件制备周期变长,不利于生产进行,若反应时间过短,则反应不完全,影响器件的性能。可以理解的是,反应可以在20min至40min内任意取值,例如20min、22min、25min、27min、30min、32min、35min、37min、40min等。
在一些实施例中,在清洗所述量子点层表面残留的反应物中,所利用的清洗液为超干有机溶液,例如超干乙醇,以降低水分对量子点的侵蚀。
在本申请实施例中,所述QLED器件的各功能层可采用本领域已知的方法实现,例如溶液法,该溶液法可以包括:旋涂法、印刷法、喷墨打印法、刮涂法、打印法、浸渍提拉法、浸泡法、喷涂法、滚涂法、浇铸法、狭缝式涂布法、条状涂布法。
例如,当以溶液法来制备各功能层时,所述QLED器件的制备包括以下步骤:
S11. 利用溶液法,在所述阳极上施加量子点溶液,热处理后形成量子点层,所述量子点溶液包括量子点和非极性溶剂。
S21. 在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液;
S31. 利用溶液法,在所述量子点层上施加电子传输层;以及
S41. 在所述电子传输层上沉积阴极,获得所述QLED器件。
其中,所述非极性溶剂可以为本领域已知的用于溶解量子点的非极性溶剂,例如:正辛烷、甲苯、苯、环已烷等。本申请通过氧化反应生成二羧酸配体,避免了在原有量子点制备体系中再次引入二元羧酸,可以降低二元羧酸的强极性对于量子点在溶剂,尤其是非极性溶剂中的溶解性的影响,减小了配体类型对于发光层制程工艺的影响。
当所述溶液法具体为旋涂法时,由于旋涂法具有工艺条件温和、操作简单、节能环保等特点,因此利用该方法制备光电器件具有载流子(即空穴或电子)迁移率高、厚度精确等优势。
例如,当以旋涂法来制备各功能层,所述QLED器件的制备包括以下步骤:
S111. 在阳极上旋涂量子点层;
S211. 在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液;
S311. 在所述量子点层上旋涂电子传输层;以及
S411. 在所述电子传输层上沉积阴极,获得所述QLED器件。
本申请实施例所述QLED器件阳极形成于衬底上,在所述阳极和所述量子点层之间均还可以形成空穴传输层、空穴注入层和电子阻挡层等空穴功能层,在所述阴极和所述量子点层之间均还可以形成电子注入层和空穴阻挡层等电子功能层。
本申请各实施例中,各个功能层的材料为本领域常见的材料,例如:
所述衬底可以是刚性衬底,也可以是柔性衬底。具体的可以为玻璃衬底。
所述阳极可以为ITO或FTO。
所述空穴传输层的材料可以选自但不限于:TFB(聚(9,9-二辛基芴-CO-N-(4-丁基苯基)二苯胺))、P 3HT(3-己基取代聚噻吩)、PVK(聚(9-乙烯咔唑))、poly-TPD(聚[双(4-苯基)(4-丁基苯基)胺])、TCTA(4,4',4'-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺)、CBP(4,4'-二(9-咔唑)联苯)等。
所述量子点可以选自但不限于:II-VI族化合物、III-V族化合物和I−III−VI族化合物中的至少一种,所述II-VI族化合物选自CdSe、CdS、CdTe、ZnSe、ZnS、CdTe、ZnTe、CdZnS、CdZnSe、CdZnTe、ZnSeS、ZnSeTe、ZnTeS、CdSeS、CdSeTe、CdTeS;CdZnSeS、CdZnSeTe和CdZnSTe中的至少一种;所述III-V族化合物选自InP、InAs、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、AlN、AlP、InAsP、InNP、InNSb、GaAlNP和InAlNP中的至少一种;所述I−III−VI族化合物选自CuInS 2、CuInSe 2和AgInS 2中的至少一种。
所述N型纳米金属氧化物可以选自但不限于:氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化镁、氧化铝及其上述金属合金的氧化物中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中,所述量子点层材料由量子点组成,所述量子点表面结合有不饱和脂肪酸配体;和/或,所述电子传输层的材料由n型纳米金属氧化物组成;和/或,所述氧化剂溶液由氧化剂、催化剂以及超干有机溶剂组成。
所述阴极可以为铝单质、镁单质、钙单质、银单质等金属材料或其合金材料等。
本申请还提供一种QLED器件,包括阳极、阴极以及设在所述阴极和阳极之间的叠层,所述叠层包括量子点层和电子传输层,所述量子点层靠近所述阳极设置,所述电子传输层靠近所述阴极设置,所述电子传输层的材料包括n型纳米金属氧化物,所述量子点层材料包括量子点,所述量子点表面结合有配体,至少部分所述配体为二羧酸配体,所述二羧酸配体和所述二羧酸配体结合的量子点分布于所述量子点层和所述电子传输层接触的界面。
本申请实施例提供的QLED器件,量子点表面的配体为二羧酸,该二羧酸具有双极性官能团,由于n型纳米金属氧化物的中的金属原子存在空轨道,而壬二酸的双极性官能团中的氧原子存在孤对电子,故两者之间容易形成配位键,并且所述二羧酸配体和所述二羧酸配体结合的量子点分布于所述量子点层和所述电子传输层接触的界面,因此壬二酸的双极性官能团可以通过配位键一边连接量子点,一边连接电子传输层中的n型纳米金属氧化物,如此可以拉近量子点发光层与电子传输层的距离,从而提高电子注入速率,提高器件性能。
本申请将所述二羧酸配体和所述二羧酸配体结合的量子点分布于所述量子点层和所述电子传输层接触的界面,如果将二羧酸配体分布于量子点层内,二羧酸极性较强会影响量子点在溶剂中的溶解性,因此不适用器件制备过程中所采用的溶液体系,此外,与量子点连接的二羧酸配体一般为碳原子个数例如为4到9短链酸,因此量子点之间的间距一般较近,量子点之间的能量容易转移,将不利于器件的性能。本申请是量子点层表面的量子点结合的配体为二羧酸,而量子点层内部可以为其他长链配体,表面的二羧酸可以促进电子的注入;内部的其他长链配体可以减少量子点薄膜内部的能量转移以及量子点制程体系中溶剂的影响,进一步将减少对器件的影响。
在一些实施例中,所述二羧酸配体为壬二酸。
在一些实施例中,在所述量子点层和所述电子传输层的界面,以所述界面上量子点层材料为总重量计,所述二羧酸配体结合的量子点的质量百分比为80%至90%。
例如,图3示出了本发明QLED器件的一个实施例的结构示意图,如图3所示,QLED器件从下而上依次包括衬底1、阳极2、空穴注入层3、空穴传输层4、量子点层5、电子传输层6、阴极7。其中,衬底1的材料为玻璃基板,阳极2的材料为ITO基板,空穴注入层3为PEDOT:PSS(聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐)材料,空穴传输层4的材料为TFB,量子点层5的材料为结合有壬二酸配体的量子点材料,电子传输层6的材料为氧化锌材料,阴极7的材料为铝(Al)。
在上述实施例的基础上,本申请还提供一种显示器件,包括:以上任一项实施例所述的制备方法制备的QLED器件,或者以上任一项实施例所述的QLED器件,其结构、实现原理及效果类似,在此不再赘述。
所述QLED显示装置可以为:照明灯具和背光源,或者是手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框和导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
下面通过实施例对本申请进行详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法:
(1)在玻璃ITO基板(即阳极基板,包括衬底及阳极)上滴加PEDOT:PSS溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴注入层。
(2)在空穴注入层上继续滴加TFB溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴传输层。
(3)在空穴传输层上继续旋涂油酸配体的量子点层。
(4)在量子点层上滴加氧化剂溶液,确保氧化剂溶液对量子点薄膜的覆盖,反应30min,其中氧化剂溶液由20mg/mL的间氯过氧苯甲酸、10mg/mL的氯化铜以及超干乙醇组成。
(5)反应后使用超干乙醇对量子点薄膜清洗。
(6)在清洗后的量子点薄膜上继续旋涂电子传输层。
(7)继续沉积阴极,并封装。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法:
(1)在玻璃ITO基板上滴加PEDOT:PSS溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴注入层。
(2)在空穴注入层上继续滴加TFB溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴传输层。
(3)在空穴传输层上继续旋涂油酸配体的量子点层。
(4)在量子点层上滴加氧化剂溶液,确保氧化剂溶液对量子点薄膜的覆盖,反应40min,其中氧化剂溶液由10mg/mL的间氯过氧苯甲酸、10mg/mL的氯化铜以及超干乙醇组成。
(5)反应后使用超干乙醇对量子点薄膜清洗。
(6)在清洗后的量子点薄膜上继续旋涂电子传输层。
(7)继续沉积阴极,并封装。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法:
(1)在玻璃ITO基板上滴加PEDOT:PSS溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴注入层。
(2)在空穴注入层上继续滴加TFB溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴传输层。
(3)在空穴传输层上继续旋涂油酸配体的量子点层。
(4)在量子点层上滴加氧化剂溶液,确保氧化剂溶液对量子点薄膜的覆盖,反应30min,其中氧化剂溶液由30mg/mL的间氯过氧苯甲酸、20mg/mL的氯化铜以及超干乙醇组成。
(5)反应后使用超干乙醇对量子点薄膜清洗。
(6)在清洗后的量子点薄膜上继续旋涂电子传输层。
(7)继续沉积阴极,并封装。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法:
(1)在玻璃ITO基板上滴加PEDOT:PSS溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴注入层。
(2)在空穴注入层上继续滴加TFB溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴传输层。
(3)在空穴传输层上继续旋涂油酸配体的量子点层。
(4)在量子点层上滴加氧化剂溶液,确保氧化剂溶液对量子点薄膜的覆盖,反应20min,其中氧化剂溶液由50mg/mL的间氯过氧苯甲酸、30mg/mL的氯化铜以及超干乙醇组成。
(5)反应后使用超干乙醇对量子点薄膜清洗。
(6)在清洗后的量子点薄膜上继续旋涂电子传输层。
(7)继续沉积阴极,并封装。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法:
(1)在玻璃ITO基板上滴加PEDOT:PSS溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴注入层。
(2)在空穴注入层上继续滴加TFB溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴传输层。
(3)在空穴传输层上继续旋涂油酸配体的量子点层。
(4)在量子点层上滴加氧化剂溶液,确保氧化剂溶液对量子点薄膜的覆盖,反应30min,其中氧化剂溶液由20mg/mL的三氟过氧乙酸、10mg/mL的氯化铜和超干乙醇组成。
(5)反应后使用超干乙醇对量子点薄膜清洗。
(6)在清洗后的量子点薄膜上继续旋涂电子传输层。
(7)继续沉积阴极,并封装。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法:
(1)在玻璃ITO基板上滴加PEDOT:PSS溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴注入层。
(2)在空穴注入层上继续滴加TFB溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴传输层。
(3)在空穴传输层上继续旋涂油酸配体的量子点层。
(4)在量子点层上滴加氧化剂溶液,确保氧化剂溶液对量子点薄膜的覆盖,反应30min,其中氧化剂溶液由40mg/mL的过氧苯甲酸、20mg/mL的氯化铜和超干乙醇组成。
(5)反应后使用超干乙醇对量子点薄膜清洗。
(6)在清洗后的量子点薄膜上继续旋涂电子传输层。
(7)继续沉积阴极,并封装。
对比例
本对比例提供一种QLED器件的制备方法:
(1)在玻璃ITO基板上滴加PEDOT:PSS溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴注入层。
(2)在空穴注入层上继续滴加TFB溶液并旋涂成膜,形成空穴传输层。
(3)在空穴传输层上继续旋涂油酸配体的量子点层。
(4)在清洗后的量子点薄膜上继续旋涂电子传输层。
(5)继续沉积阴极,并封装。
验证例
为了说明本申请实施例在量子点层上经氧化处理对量子点器件性能衰减及量子效率的影响,本申请还提供了验证例,参照本领域已知的方法,分别考察了实施例1-实施例6以及对比例所制备的量子点器件的寿命以及效率,结果如表1和表2所示。
表1. 实施例1-实施例6以及对比例的器件性能
  器件EQE 器件寿命T95@1000nit
实施例1 22 25000h
实施例2 19 26000h
实施例3 21 20000h
实施例4 18 18000h
实施例5 20 19000h
实施例6 21 23000h
对比例 15 10000h
注:EQE为外量子效率;T95@1000nit为根据Lmax与T95换算器件的最高亮度在1000nit开始计时衰减到950nit需要的时间,加速因子为1.7。
表2. 实施例1-实施例6以及对比例的电流密度与电压关系
  电流密度@3V 电流密度@4V 电流密度@5V
实施例1 0.5958 37.0578 128.4737
实施例2 0.6472 37.4911 132.5174
实施例3 1.2913 45.2095 147.428
实施例4 1.1602 39.0724 127.7243
实施例5 0.6574 32.8071 112.7107
实施例6 0.6335 30.2061 108.5022
对比例 0.5859 4.2771 11.095
注:电流密度@3V、@4V及@5V分别为3V、4V及5V条件下的电流密度,单位为mA/cm 2
表1中可以看出经过氧化处理的实施例1-实施例6的制备方法制备出的QLED器件的器件性能得到了提升。从表2可以看出经过氧化处理的实施例1-6的器件电流密度相较于对比例同样得到了大幅提升。由此说明QLED器件的量子点层经过了氧化处理,表面的不饱和脂肪酸配体氧化变为二羧酸配体,氧化反应形成的极性端又可以与电子传输层中的n型纳米金属氧化物相互作用,降低量子点与电子传输层之间的能量势垒,从而可以降低电子注入的阻碍,促进了电子的注入,进而提高电流的密度。
综上所述,本申请提供一种QLED器件的制备方法、QLED器件及显示器件,在不影响量子点本身性质的情况下,利用了包括氧化剂、催化剂以及超干有机溶剂的氧化剂溶液,将不饱和脂肪酸配体在其不饱和双键处断链,生成短链酸,量子点表面的配体就由不饱和脂肪酸变成二羧酸。二羧酸具有双极性官能团可以通过配位键一边连接量子点,一边连接电子传输层中的n型纳米金属氧化物,如此可以拉近量子点发光层与电子传输层的距离,从而提高电子注入速率,提高器件性能。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的一种QLED器件的制备方法、QLED器件及显示器件进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的技术人员,依据本申请的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种QLED器件的制备方法,其中,包括以下步骤:
    提供一在阳极上具有量子点层的基板;
    在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液;
    在所述量子点层上制备电子传输层;以及
    在所述电子传输层上制备阴极,获得所述QLED器件;
    其中,所述量子点层材料包括量子点,所述量子点表面结合有不饱和脂肪酸配体,所述电子传输层的材料包括n型纳米金属氧化物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,所述氧化剂溶液包括氧化剂、催化剂以及超干有机溶剂。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其中,所述氧化剂选自过氧有机酸;
    所述催化剂选自氯化铜、氯化锌及氯化铝中的至少一种;
    所述超干有机溶剂选自超干乙醇。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,所述过氧有机酸选自间氯过氧苯甲酸、三氟过氧乙酸、单过氧马来酸、单过氧邻苯二甲酸、3,5-二硝基过氧苯甲酸、对硝基过氧苯甲酸、过氧甲酸及过氧苯甲酸中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项中所述的制备方法,其中,所述不饱和脂肪酸配体为油酸。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项中所述的制备方法,其中,所述n型纳米金属氧化物的材料包括氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化镁以及氧化铝中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6任一项中所述的制备方法,其中,所述氧化剂的浓度为10mg/mL至50mg/mL,所述催化剂的浓度为10mg/mL至30mg/mL。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7任一项中所述的制备方法,其中,在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液包括:在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液,至所述氧化剂溶液完全覆盖所述量子点层表面,待氧化反应完成后,清洗所述量子点层表面残留的反应物。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其中,在所述氧化反应中,氧化反应的时间为20min至40min。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项中所述的制备方法,其中,所述提供一在阳极上具有量子点层的基板,包括:利用溶液法,在所述阳极上施加量子点溶液,热处理后形成量子点层,所述量子点溶液包括量子点和非极性溶剂。
  11. 一种QLED器件,其中,包括阳极、阴极以及设在所述阴极和阳极之间的叠层,所述叠层包括量子点层和电子传输层,所述量子点层靠近所述阳极设置,所述电子传输层靠近所述阴极设置,所述电子传输层的材料包括n型纳米金属氧化物,所述量子点层材料包括量子点,所述量子点层和所述电子传输层的界面有二羧酸配体结合的量子点。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的QLED器件,其中,所述二羧酸配体为壬二酸。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的QLED器件,其中,所述n型纳米金属氧化物的材料包括氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化镁以及氧化铝中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13任一项中所述的QLED器件,其中,所述量子点的材料包括II-VI族化合物、III-V族化合物和I-III-VI族化合物中的至少一种,所述II-VI族化合物选自CdSe、CdS、CdTe、ZnSe、ZnS、CdTe、ZnTe、CdZnS、CdZnSe、CdZnTe、ZnSeS、ZnSeTe、ZnTeS、CdSeS、CdSeTe、CdTeS;CdZnSeS、CdZnSeTe和CdZnSTe中的至少一种;所述III-V族化合物选自InP、InAs、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、AlN、AlP、InAsP、InNP、InNSb、GaAlNP和InAlNP中的至少一种;所述I-III-VI族化合物选自CuInS 2、CuInSe 2和AgInS 2中的至少一种。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14任一项中所述的QLED器件,其中,在所述量子点层和所述电子传输层的界面,以所述界面上量子点层材料为总重量计,所述二羧酸配体结合的量子点的质量百分比为80%至90%。
  16. 根据权利要求11至15任一项中所述的QLED器件,其中,所述QLED器件还包括空穴传输层,所述空穴传输层设置于所述阳极与所述量子点层之间;
    所述空穴传输层的材料选自聚(9,9-二辛基芴-CO-N-(4-丁基苯基)二苯胺)、3-己基取代聚噻吩、聚(9-乙烯咔唑)、聚[双(4-苯基)(4-丁基苯基)胺]、4,4',4'-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺或4,4'-二(9-咔唑)联苯。
  17. 一种显示器件,其中,包括:由QLED器件的制备方法制备得到的QLED器件,所述QLED器件的制备方法包括以下步骤:
    提供一在阳极上具有量子点层的基板;
    在所述量子点层上施加氧化剂溶液;
    在所述量子点层上制备电子传输层;以及
    在所述电子传输层上制备阴极,获得所述QLED器件;
    其中,所述量子点层材料包括量子点,所述量子点表面结合有不饱和脂肪酸配体,所述电子传输层的材料包括n型纳米金属氧化物,所述量子点层和所述电子传输层的界面有二羧酸配体结合的量子点。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的显示器件,其中,所述氧化剂溶液包括氧化剂、催化剂以及超干有机溶剂;
    其中,所述氧化剂选自过氧有机酸;所述催化剂选自氯化铜、氯化锌及氯化铝中的至少一种;所述超干有机溶剂选自超干乙醇。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的显示器件,其中,所述过氧有机酸选自间氯过氧苯甲酸、三氟过氧乙酸、单过氧马来酸、单过氧邻苯二甲酸、3,5-二硝基过氧苯甲酸、对硝基过氧苯甲酸、过氧甲酸及过氧苯甲酸中的至少一种。
  20. 根据权利要求17至19任一项中所述的显示器件,其中,所述二羧酸配体为壬二酸。
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