WO2023020630A1 - 一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法 - Google Patents

一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法 Download PDF

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WO2023020630A1
WO2023020630A1 PCT/CN2022/122073 CN2022122073W WO2023020630A1 WO 2023020630 A1 WO2023020630 A1 WO 2023020630A1 CN 2022122073 W CN2022122073 W CN 2022122073W WO 2023020630 A1 WO2023020630 A1 WO 2023020630A1
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Prior art keywords
steel slag
rolling
asphalt mixture
construction
paving
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PCT/CN2022/122073
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王时根
郭宏坤
李勇
彭天军
王志勇
王奔
张招
张程
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中铁四局集团第一工程有限公司
中铁四局集团有限公司
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Priority to SE2350520A priority Critical patent/SE2350520A1/en
Publication of WO2023020630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023020630A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
    • E01C7/182—Aggregate or filler materials, except those according to E01C7/26
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
    • E01C7/185—Isolating, separating or connecting intermediate layers, e.g. adhesive layers; Transmission of shearing force in horizontal intermediate planes, e.g. by protrusions

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of road surface construction, and in particular relates to a construction method for an upper layer of a steel slag asphalt mixture.
  • asphalt As a viscoelastic material, asphalt has a relatively low molecular weight and a wide distribution range, and is highly sensitive to temperature. It becomes soft and sticky at high temperatures, brittle and easy to crack at low temperatures, and has poor fatigue resistance. To a certain extent, the development of asphalt is restricted. Based on this, it is necessary to add some additive materials to the asphalt to form the asphalt mixture, so as to improve the aging of the asphalt upper layer and the cracking of the road surface.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for the upper layer of steel slag asphalt mixture, so as to solve the problems of aging and road surface cracking in the upper layer of asphalt.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a construction method for the upper layer of a steel slag asphalt mixture comprising the following steps: preparation of construction materials, acceptance of the middle surface layer, construction of a sticky layer, mixing of steel asphalt mixture, transportation of steel slag asphalt mixture, steel slag asphalt Paving of mixture, rolling of steel slag asphalt mixture, setting and treatment of construction joints, inspection and acceptance; among them, rolling of steel slag asphalt mixture includes initial pressure, re-pressure and final pressure, initial pressure and re-pressure rolling The speed is 4-5km/h, and the rolling speed of the final pressure is 2-3km/h.
  • the construction method of the upper layer of the steel slag asphalt mixture of the present invention has the characteristics of simple construction technology and high construction efficiency. Compared with ordinary crushed stone mixture, its wear resistance and wear resistance have been improved to a certain extent, effectively improving the road service level.
  • Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the construction method of the steel slag asphalt mixture upper layer.
  • the invention proposes a construction method for the upper layer of the steel slag asphalt mixture, aiming at problems such as aging and road surface cracking in the asphalt upper layer.
  • the application of steel slag in highway engineering can not only reduce the demand for stone materials for road construction and maintenance, reduce the mining of natural stone materials, and improve the ecological environment damage caused by large-scale mountain quarrying, but also has a low crushing value and rough surface characteristics, good adhesion with asphalt, the cohesive force, shear strength of steel slag asphalt mixture, and the anti-aging and wear resistance of asphalt pavement are all improved to a certain extent compared with ordinary crushed stone mixture, which can effectively improve the quality of roads. service level.
  • the construction of the test section is carried out before the construction of the present invention.
  • the construction of the test section is divided into two stages of trial mixing and trial paving of the steel slag asphalt mixture.
  • the reasonable construction machine model and quantity are determined. and combination mode, determine the operation mode of the mixer through trial mixing, such as feeding speed, mixing quantity, mixing time and mixing temperature, etc.; at the same time, verify the mixing ratio design of steel slag asphalt mixture and asphalt mixture material indicators, Determine the proportion of steel slag and mineral material and the ratio of oil and stone for formal production. Determine the operation mode of the paver, paving temperature, paving speed, method and strength of preliminary vibrating compaction, automatic leveling method, etc.
  • the construction method of the present invention includes the following steps: preparation of construction materials, acceptance of the middle surface layer, construction of the sticky layer, mixing of steel asphalt mixture, transportation of steel slag asphalt mixture, and mixing of steel slag asphalt Material paving, rolling of steel slag asphalt mixture, construction joint setting and treatment, inspection and acceptance, road surface anti-pollution treatment, traffic control and opening to traffic, the following will introduce each construction step in detail.
  • Construction preparation is carried out before the construction of the present invention, mainly is to prepare steel slag asphalt material and middle surface course acceptance, and wherein, material preparation comprises: (1) asphalt, asphalt pavement anti-skid wear layer adopts SBS modified emulsified asphalt, before construction, the test is to SBS The material performance of the modified emulsified asphalt is tested, and its performance index must meet the requirements in Table 1.
  • Steel slag coarse aggregate, steel slag coarse aggregate should be clean, dry and free of impurities; the surface should be as dense as possible, allowing a little honeycomb pores.
  • the free calcium oxide content of steel slag coarse aggregate used in steel slag asphalt mixture should not exceed 3%; the water immersion expansion rate of steel slag coarse aggregate used in steel slag asphalt mixture should not exceed 1.8%.
  • the specifications of steel slag coarse aggregate are shown in Table 2.
  • the content of steel slag coarse aggregate particles below 0.075mm in water washing method is not more than 2%, and the quality and technical indicators are shown in Table 3.
  • the filler adopts mineral powder obtained by grinding limestone.
  • the mineral powder is dry and clean, and its quality meets the technical requirements of Table 6.
  • Fiber stabilizer the fiber stabilizer used in asphalt mixture is loose floc lignin fiber, lignin fiber is made of coniferous wood as raw material, and the dosage of lignocellulose is 1/2 of the quality of asphalt mixture 0.3%, its quality and technical requirements meet the technical requirements in Table 7.
  • Test index unit Asphalt steel slag mixture Nominal maximum particle size mm 13.2 Compaction Times (Double Sides) Second-rate 75 porosity vv % 3.0-4.0 Mineral gap ratio VMA, not less than % 16 Saturation VFA % 75-85 Stability, not less than kN 6 flow value 0.1mm -- Residual stability, not less than % 85 Coarse aggregate void ratio VCA % ⁇ VCADRC Freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio, not less than % 80 Dynamic stability, not less than times/mm 4000 Schellenberg leakage, not greater than % 0.1 Kentucky fly apart, not larger than % 15
  • the volume expansion rate of the steel slag-asphalt mixture specimen shall not exceed 1.5%. If it exceeds, the steel slag needs to be aged until it meets the requirements before it can be used.
  • the target ratio of steel slag asphalt mixture is shown in Table 9.
  • the optimum asphalt content is 5.5%
  • the external fiber content is 0.3%
  • the porosity is 3.5%
  • the relative gross volume density is 2.891
  • the theoretical maximum relative density is 2.997 .
  • the materials entering the hot silo after the secondary screening are sampled and sieved to determine the material ratio of each hot silo and the ratio of mineral powder, so that the synthetic gradation of mineral materials is close to the target Mixing ratio, for use in the control room of the mixer.
  • the optimal asphalt content is 5.34%
  • the porosity is 3.5%
  • the bulk relative density is 2.892
  • the theoretical maximum relative density is 2.998.
  • various technical indicators such as the degree of compaction of the middle surface layer, vertical section elevation, flatness, transverse slope, water seepage coefficient, etc. are checked item by item, and the holes left by the core drilling inspection Fill and compact in layers with the same material in advance, and the inspection results are qualified.
  • the construction steps of the sticky layer are: firstly clean and rinse the surface of the middle surface layer, and after the surface is dry, use an intelligent asphalt sprinkler to spread asphalt on the surface, and the asphalt is SBS modified emulsified asphalt , the spraying amount is 0.4-0.6kg/m 2 . It should be noted that the inspection and acceptance shall be carried out after the surface of the middle surface layer is dry, and the sticky layer shall be sprayed only after the acceptance is passed.
  • the asphalt spraying vehicle should spray evenly in the entire width, and the side of the curb and other parts that are not easy to spray should be manually painted with a brush.
  • HQLBQ4000 mixing equipment in the mixing step of steel asphalt mixture, HQLBQ4000 mixing equipment is selected, and its rated production capacity is 320t/h.
  • the actual production efficiency shall not be greater than 50% of the maximum production efficiency determined by the mixing station.
  • the wet mixing is performed first, and then the dry mixing is performed, wherein the wet mixing time is 50-55s, and the dry mixing time is 10-15s.
  • the mixing time of each pot of material is set to 70s, wherein the wet mixing time is 55s, and the dry mixing time is 15s.
  • the steel slag asphalt mixture should be mixed evenly, and the mineral material particles used should be completely covered with the asphalt mixture, without whitening, segregation and agglomeration of coarse and fine materials.
  • a vegetable oil-type release agent is evenly applied to the interior of the carriage.
  • a digital display plug-in thermocouple thermometer to detect (1 vehicle 1 inspection) the factory temperature of the asphalt mixture and the temperature transported to the site, and the insertion depth is greater than 150mm.
  • the distance from the discharge port to the carriage should be shortened as much as possible, which can be selected as 50cm. Furthermore, fully enclosed heat preservation measures are adopted around the material transport truck, and measures for heat preservation, rainproof and pollution prevention are adopted on the top covered with tarpaulin and quilts.
  • the transport capacity of the asphalt mixture transport vehicle is more than the mixing capacity and paving speed, and there are at least 7 transport vehicles waiting for unloading in front of the paver, so that the paver can pave continuously and evenly without interruption.
  • the temperature of the mixture is measured. If the temperature is lower than the paving temperature, the mixture is treated as waste, and the mixture that has been agglomerated or has been rained is also treated as waste.
  • the material transport truck stops 10-30cm in front of the paver and must not hit the paver.
  • the material transport truck is in neutral gear and pushed forward by the paver to ensure the smoothness of the pavement at the paving place.
  • high-pressure water guns are used to regularly wash the chassis of transport vehicles to avoid incomplete cleaning of individual transport vehicle chassis and pollution caused by mud falling.
  • Zonda DT2360 paver is selected for construction, the paving width is 18.75m, and single-machine whole-width paving construction is adopted.
  • the paver adopts the automatic leveling method and the non-contact balancing beam method Control the elevation and thickness of the asphalt structural layer, and adjust the relative height difference according to the thickness of the structural layer.
  • the screed Before the paver starts working, the screed is preheated, and the temperature of the screed after preheating is between 100°C and 150°C.
  • the paving of steel slag asphalt mixture is carried out slowly, evenly and continuously. During the paving process, it is not allowed to change randomly or stop halfway.
  • the paving speed is 1-3m/min.
  • the loose paving coefficient is 1.2-1.3, and the loose paving thickness is 4.8-5.0 cm; preferably, during construction, the loose paving coefficient is 1.2, and the loose paving thickness is 4.8 cm.
  • the construction temperature of the asphalt pavement is higher than 10°C, and the construction is in the process of continuous temperature rise.
  • the temperature is lower than 10°C, the asphalt pavement shall not be paved.
  • Adjust the paver to the best working condition adjust the screw conveyor and the double material level device, and make the opening of the material door, the speed of the chain feeder and the speed of the screw distributor match.
  • the surface of the mixture in the screw conveyor should be higher than 2/3 of the screw conveyor (that is, the mixture should be kept above the conveying rotation axis), so that the height of the mixture in front of the baffle of the screed is consistent across the entire width. Avoid segregation of the paved layer.
  • the road roller Before the road roller starts rolling, it sprays water on the laid color strips in advance to eliminate the dust and water rust on the steel wheels.
  • the road roller carries out rolling at a constant speed. During the rolling process, it is closely followed by slow rolling, first low and then high, high frequency and low amplitude, and uniform speed and less water; Control according to the overlap of 25-35cm, preferably, when rolling, control according to the overlap of 30cm between the two rolling wheel tracks.
  • the rolling of steel slag asphalt mixture includes initial pressing, re-pressing and final pressing.
  • the rolling speed of initial pressing and re-pressing is 4-5km/h
  • the rolling speed of final pressing is 2-3km/h.
  • five sets of PK6200 twin-drum rollers (14 tons) and one small vibratory roller (3.5 tons) are used for rolling equipment, and two kinds of rolling combinations are used.
  • the specific rolling process is shown in Table 11 and Table 12. , among which, the rolling method and the specific number of rolling times in the construction process can be determined according to the results of the test section.
  • the rolling machine when rolling, the rolling machine should follow the paver for rolling, and the rolling machine should stop in steps when turning back. Rolling is rolling from outside to inside, from low to high.
  • the vibratory roller should first start and then start the vibration, first stop the vibration and then stop.
  • the end of the paving material In the construction joint setting and processing steps, due to the interruption of work or the end of the day's work, the end of the paving material has cooled, and a horizontal joint should be made. In order to ensure the bonding of the joint and avoid holes, avoid cutting the horizontal joint Before the temperature is completely lowered after the construction is completed on the same day, the end of the paving material shall be planed and aligned manually with a pneumatic pick, so that the direction of the transverse joint is perpendicular to the direction of the paving, and the use of miter joints is strictly prohibited.
  • transverse joints between the upper and lower layers should be staggered by at least 1m.
  • the road roller is on the compacted mixture layer, and the width extending into the new layer is 12-18cm.
  • the road roller extends into the new layer. The width is 15cm. Then move 15-20cm to the newly paved mixture every time it is pressed, until it is all on the new paved layer, and then carry out longitudinal rolling.
  • the forward static pressure and the backward vibration can avoid the deviation of the flatness of the joint caused by the depression of the joint caused by the forward and open vibration.
  • the test section measures the loose paving coefficient at a frequency of 20 meters per section, and measures 4 points for each section, measuring before paving and after loose paving and the elevation after molding, and then calculate the loose laying coefficient.
  • the test section is paved with a loose paving coefficient of 1.22.
  • the measured average loose paving thickness is 4.9cm, and the average compacted thickness is 4.1cm.
  • the calculated loose paving coefficient is 1.2, which is acceptable.
  • a 6m ruler must be used to check the flatness of the joints and the joints of the structures at any time, and repair the unqualified places in time.
  • the smoothness of the normal road section is measured by a continuous flatness meter.
  • the on-site compaction degree of the upper layer is controlled by dual indicators of void ratio and compaction degree, and the compaction degree is required to be greater than 98%.
  • the compaction degree of the maximum theoretical density shall not be less than 94%, and the water seepage coefficient shall not be greater than 80ml/min.
  • the compaction degree of asphalt mixture was detected by core drilling method.
  • the specific steps of traffic control and open traffic are to close the completed asphalt structure layer to traffic, prohibit all overloaded vehicles from passing on the constructed road surface, and open to traffic after the road surface temperature is lower than 50°C.

Abstract

本发明提供一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法。施工方法包括以下步骤：施工材料准备、中面层验收、粘层施工、钢沥青混合料的拌合、钢渣沥青混合料的运输、钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺、钢渣沥青混合料的碾压、施工缝设置及处理、检查验收；其中，钢渣沥青混合料的碾压包括初压、复压及终压，初压和复压的碾压速度为4-5km/h，终压的碾压速度为2-3km/h。本发明的施工方法具有施工工艺简单、施工效率高的特点，同时，本发明上面层采用的钢渣沥青混合料的粘结力、抗剪强度以及沥青路面的抗老化、耐磨性能等均较普通碎石混合料有一定程度的提升，能有效地改善公路服役水平。

Description

一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于路面施工技术领域，具体涉及一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法。
背景技术
近年来，沥青混凝土面层因具有表面平整、耐磨性好、无接缝、施工期端和维修方便等优点，在我国公路中得到广泛应用，但随着交通量的日益增加，沥青老化、路面开裂，严重制约道路的安全运行。
沥青作为一种粘弹性材料，其相对分子量较低且分布范围较宽，对温度的敏感性较强，高温时变软发粘，低温时变脆易裂，且耐疲劳性能较差，这在一定程度上制约了沥青的发展。基于此，需要向沥青中加入一些添加材料组成沥青混合料，以改善沥青上面层存在的老化、路面开裂等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，以解决沥青上面层存在的老化、路面开裂等问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，所述施工方法包括以下步骤：施工材料准备、中面层验收、粘层施工、钢沥青混合料的拌合、钢渣沥青混合料的运输、钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺、钢渣沥青混合料的碾压、施工缝设置及处理、检查验收；其中，钢渣沥青混合料的碾压包括初压、复压及终压，初压和复压的碾压速度为4-5km/h，终压的碾压速度为2-3km/h。
有益效果：
本发明的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，具有施工工艺简单、施工效率高的特点，同时，本发明上面层采用的钢渣沥青混合料的粘结力、抗剪 强度以及沥青路面的抗老化、耐磨性能等均较普通碎石混合料有一定程度的提升，有效地改善公路服役水平。
附图说明
图1为钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出了一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，旨在沥青上面层存在的老化、路面开裂等问题。
钢渣在公路工程中的应用，不仅能够降低公路建养对石料的需求，减少天然石料的开采，改善大规模开山采石造成的生态环境破坏，而且其具有较低的压碎值、粗糙的表面特性、与沥青良好的粘附性，钢渣沥青混合料的粘结力、抗剪强度以及沥青路面的抗老化、耐磨性能等均较普通碎石混合料有一定程度的提升，可以有效改善公路服役水平。
本发明施工之前进行试验段施工，试验段施工分为钢渣沥青混合料的试拌合试铺两个阶段，其中，根据各种机械的施工能力相匹配的原则，确定合理的施工机械型号、数量和组合方式，通过试拌确定拌合机的操作方式，比如上料速度、拌合数量、拌合时间和拌合温度等；同时验证钢渣沥青混合料的配合比设计和沥青混合料材料指标，决定正式生产用的钢渣矿料配合比和油石比。通过试铺确定摊铺机的操作方式、摊铺温度、摊铺速度、初步振捣夯实的方法和强度、自动找平方式等；确定碾压机具的选择、组合、碾压顺序、碾压温度、碾压速度、碾压遍数；确定适宜的松铺系数；通过马歇尔试验确定矿料间隙率、空隙率、沥青饱和度、毛体积密度、稳定度和流值。确定拌合站额定的正常产能与现场施工进度是否相互匹配。根据试验段施工可以确各项技术参数，以指导大面积施工。
如图1所示的施工流程示意图，本发明的施工方法包括以下步骤：施工材料准备、中面层验收、粘层施工、钢沥青混合料的拌合、钢渣沥青混合料的运输、钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺、钢渣沥青混合料的碾压、施工缝设置及处理、检查验收、路面防污染处理、交通管制及开放交通，下面具体介绍各个施工步骤。
本发明施工之前进行施工准备，主要是准备钢渣沥青材料和中面层验收，其中，材料准备包括：(1)沥青，沥青路面抗滑磨耗层采用SBS改性乳化沥青，施工前，试验对SBS改性乳化沥青的材料性能进行检测，其性能指标须满足表1的要求。
表1 SBS改性乳化沥青的质量要求
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000001
需要说明的是，在施工过程中定期取样检验产品质量，发现离析等质量不符要求的SBS改性乳化沥青不得使用。
(2)钢渣粗集料，钢渣粗集料应洁净、干燥、无杂质；表面尽可能致密，允许有少许蜂窝状孔隙。钢渣沥青混合料中用钢渣粗集料的游离氧化钙含量应不大于3％；钢渣沥青混合料中用钢渣粗集料的浸水膨胀率应不大于1.8％。钢渣粗集料的规格如表2所示。
表2钢渣粗集料的规格
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000003
钢渣粗集料水洗法0.075mm以下颗粒含量不大于2％，质量技术指标如表3所示。
表3钢渣粗集料的质量技术指标
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000004
(3)细集料，采用0-3mm机制砂，洁净、干燥，经检测其质量符合表4和表5的技术要求。
表4细集料的质量技术要求
项目 单位 技术指标 实测值
表观相对密度，不小于 t/m 3 2.50 2.678
坚固性(＞0.3mm部分)不大于 ％ 12 4
砂当量不小于 ％ 60 64
棱角性(流动时间)，不小于 s 30 33.1
表5钢渣沥青混合料用细集料规格
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000005
(4)填料，采用石灰岩经磨细得到的矿粉，矿粉干燥、洁净，其质量符合表6的技术要求。
表6填料矿粉的质量技术要求
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000006
为了提高沥青混合料的抗水损害能力，矿粉中加入混合料总重的1.3±0.3％的生石灰粉或水泥，不得使用回收粉代替矿粉作为填料。
(5)纤维稳定剂，沥青混合料所使用的纤维稳定剂为松散的絮状木质素纤维，木质素纤维采用针叶类木材为原料制造，木质纤维素的掺加量为沥青混合料质量的0.3％，其质量技术要求满足表7的技术要求。
表7木质素絮状纤维的技术要求
试验项目 技术要求 实测值
纤维长度 不大于 6mm 5.2
灰分含量(％) 18±5无挥发物 20.5
PH值 7.5±1.0 6.9
吸油率 不小于 纤维质量的5倍 8.9
含水率(％) ≤5(按质量计算) 2.4
钢渣沥青混合料在马歇尔设计、混合料水稳定性设计、混合料高低温稳定性检验和施工性能检验，具体应满足表8的技术标准。
表8钢渣沥青混合料的技术标准
试验指标 单位 沥青钢渣混合料
公称最大粒径 mm 13.2
击实次数(双面) 次 75
空隙率vv ％ 3.0-4.0
矿料间隙率VMA，不小于 ％ 16
饱和度VFA ％ 75-85
稳定度，不小于 kN 6
流值 0.1mm --
残留稳定度，不小于 ％ 85
粗集料间隙率VCA ％ ≯VCADRC
冻融劈裂强度比，不小于 ％ 80
动稳定度，不小于 次/mm 4000
谢伦堡析漏，不大于 ％ 0.1
肯塔堡飞散，不大于 ％ 15
钢渣沥青混合料试件的体积膨胀率不超过1.5％，若超过，则钢渣需要进行陈化处理，直至满足要求后方可使用。
钢渣沥青混合料的目标配比如表9所示，此外，最佳沥青含量为5.5％，外掺纤维含量为0.3％，空隙率为3.5％，毛体积相对密度为2.891，理论最大相对密度为2.997。
表9钢渣沥青混合料上面层目标配合比
原材料 钢渣10-15mm 钢渣5-10mm 机制砂0-3mm 矿粉
百分比(％) 37 40 13 10
进一步地，对间歇式拌和机，从二次筛分后进入热料仓的材料取样进行 筛分，确定各热料仓的材料比例和矿粉的用料比例，使矿料合成级配接近目标配合比，供拌和机控制室使用。同时选择适宜的振动筛孔尺寸和安装角度，使各热料仓的供料大体平衡。取目标配合比最佳沥青用量进行马歇尔试验和试拌，通过室内试验及从拌和机取样试验综合确定生产配合比，见表10所示，此外，最佳沥青含量为5.34％，外掺纤维含量为0.3％，空隙率为3.5％，毛体积相对密度为2.892，理论最大相对密度为2.998。
表10钢渣沥青混合料的生产配合比
原材料 钢渣11-18mm 钢渣6-11mm 机制砂0-3mm 矿粉
百分比(％) 37 41 12.5 9.5
本发明具体实施例中，按照设计及规范要求，对中面层压实度、纵断高程、平整度、横坡、渗水系数等各项技术指标进行逐项检查，钻芯检测留下的孔洞提前用同等材料分层填充压实，交验结果合格。
本发明具体实施例中，粘层施工步骤具体为：先对中面层表面进行清洗和冲洗，待表面干燥后，在表面采用智能沥青洒布车进行沥青洒布，沥青为SBS改性乳化沥青，洒布量为0.4-0.6kg/m 2。需要说明的是，待中面层表面干燥后进行验收，验收合格后方可进行粘层洒布。
洒布时车速及喷洒量应保持稳定，沥青洒布车在整个宽度内喷洒应均匀，在路缘石侧面及其它不易喷洒的部位等应用刷子进行人工涂刷。
气温低于10℃时或路面潮湿时，不进行洒布粘层沥青；粘层油宜在当天洒布，待乳化沥青破乳、水分蒸发完成，紧跟着摊铺沥青层，确保粘层不受污染。
需要说明的是，若粘层洒布前对路缘石防护不到位，造成部分路缘石污染，为此，首先将沥青洒布车喷头侧面挡板降低，防止向侧面喷洒污染路缘石，其次是加强防护措施，洒布前采用塑料布对路缘石进行覆盖包裹。
本发明具体实施例中，钢沥青混合料的拌合步骤中，选用HQLBQ4000型拌合设备，其额定产能为320t/h。钢渣沥青混合料生产时，实际生产效率不得大于拌合站而定最大生产效率的50％。上料之前提前将料堆在竖向高度上进行削减，以减少装载机在底部铲料时粗骨料大幅滑落离析。
钢沥青混合料的拌合的步骤中，先进行湿拌，再进行干拌，其中湿拌时间为50-55s，干拌时间为10-15s。可选地，每锅料拌合时间设定为70s，其中湿拌时间为55s，干拌时间为15s。钢渣沥青混合料应拌合均匀，所用矿料颗粒应全部裹覆沥青混合料，无花白料，无粗细料离析和结团现象。
钢渣沥青混合料的运输中，运输车每次使用前必须清扫干净，为防止沥青混合料与车厢板粘结，在车厢内侧均匀涂刷植物油型隔离剂。采用数字显示插入式热电偶温度计检测(1车1检)沥青混合料的出厂温度和运到现场的温度，插入深度大于150mm。运料车的侧面中部设专用检测孔，孔口距车厢底面约300mm。
拌合机向运输车放料时，为减少混合料的离析现象，尽量缩短出料口至车厢的下料距离，可选为50cm。进一步地，运料车四周采用全封闭式保温措施，顶部采用覆盖篷布和棉被的保温、防雨、防污染的措施。
确保沥青混合料运输车的运量较拌合能力和摊铺速度有所富余，摊铺机前方至少有7辆运料车等候卸料，使得摊铺机连续均匀不间断地进行铺筑。每辆运料车到现场后均测量混合料的温度，若温度低于摊铺温度，则混合料作废料处理，已结块或已遭雨淋的混合料也作废料处理。
需要说明的是，连续摊铺过程中，运料车在摊铺机前10-30cm处停住，不得撞击摊铺机。卸料过程中运料车挂空挡，靠摊铺机推动前进，以保证摊铺处的路面的平整度。
进一步地，定期采用高压水枪对运输车辆底盘进行冲洗，以避免个别运输车底盘清理不彻底，有泥土掉落造成污染。
钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺步骤中，选用中大DT2360摊铺机施工，摊铺宽度为18.75m，采用单机整幅摊铺施工，摊铺机采用自动找平方式，采用非接触式平衡梁的方式控制沥青结构层的高程和厚度，根据结构层的厚度调整相对高差。
摊铺机开始作业之前对其熨平板进行预热，预热后的熨平板温度介于100℃与150℃之间。钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺缓慢、均匀、连续不断地进行，摊铺过程中不得随意变换或中途停顿，其中，摊铺速度为1-3m/min。
钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺步骤中，松铺系数为1.2-1.3，松铺厚度为4.8-5.0cm；优选地，施工时，松铺系数为1.2，松铺厚度为4.8cm。摊铺时， 沥青路面的施工温度大于10℃，且处于持续升温的过程中施工，气温低于10℃时不得进行沥青路面的摊铺。
摊铺机调整到最佳工作状态，调好螺旋输送器及双联料位器，并使料门开度、链板送料器的速度和螺旋布料器的转速相匹配。螺旋输送器内混合料表面以高于螺旋输送器的2/3为宜(即混合料应保持在输送转动轴以上)，使熨平板的档板前混合料的高度在全宽范围内保持一致，避免摊铺层出现离析现象。
需要说明的是，摊铺工作面人员走动频繁，没有安排人员技术补坑点，后续大面积施工减少作业人员在工作面走动，安排人员整形、补料。
钢渣沥青混合料的碾压中，压路机在开始碾压之前，提前在铺设的彩条布上进行喷水行驶，消除钢轮上的尘土和水锈。碾压时，压路机进行匀速碾压，碾压过程中紧跟慢压、先低后高、高频低幅、匀速少水；碾压时采用错轮碾压，两个碾压轮迹之间按照重叠25-35cm进行控制，优选地，碾压时，两个碾压轮迹之间按照重叠30cm进行控制。
钢渣沥青混合料的碾压包括初压、复压及终压，初压和复压的碾压速度为4-5km/h，终压的碾压速度为2-3km/h。可选地，碾压设备选用PK6200型双钢轮压路机5台(14吨)，小型振动压路机1台(3.5t)，采用两种碾压组合，具体碾压工艺如表11和表12所示，其中，施工过程的碾压方式及具体碾压遍数可以根据试验段的成果来确定。
表11碾压组合方式一
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000007
表12碾压组合方式二
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000009
需要说明的是，碾压时，碾压机应紧跟摊铺机进行碾压，碾压机折返时应阶梯形停机。碾压从外向内、从低向高碾压。振动压路机应先起步后起振，先停振后停机。
进一步地，路边缘采用小型振动压路机补充碾压，为了保证边部压实度，14t双钢轮压路机沿路缘石边部进行振动压实。钢渣沥青混合料在各个阶段的施工温度如表13所示。
表13热拌沥青混合料的施工温度
Figure PCTCN2022122073-appb-000010
施工缝设置及处理步骤中，由于工作中断或当天工作结束，摊铺材料的末端已经冷却，应做成一道横向接缝，为保证接缝处粘结，避免产生孔洞，横向接缝避免采用切割机进行切割，在当天施工完成温度未完全降低前，人工采用风镐对摊铺材料的末端进行刨除找齐，使得横向接缝方向与铺筑方向垂直，严禁采用斜接缝。
进一步地，上下层之间的横向接缝至少错开1m，下次摊铺前在末端垂 直边缘涂刷适量粘层沥青，并调整平板高度，为碾压留出预留量。
先用双钢轮压路机进行横向碾压，碾压时压路机处于已压实的混合料层上，伸入新铺层的宽度为12-18cm，优选地，碾压时，压路机伸入新铺层的宽度为15cm。然后每压一遍向新铺混合料移动15-20cm，直至全部在新铺层上为止，再进行纵向碾压。横向接缝碾压时前进静压后退振动，避免前进开振造成接缝处下凹引起接缝处的平整度偏差。
检查验收步骤中，主要是检测松浦系数、平整度及压实度，其中，试验段按照20米一个断面的频率测量松铺系数，每个断面测量4个点，测量摊铺前、松铺后与成型后的高程，然后计算松铺系数。试验段采用1.22的松铺系数进行摊铺，实测平均松铺厚度为4.9cm，平均压实厚度为4.1cm，计算得到松铺系数为1.2，验收合格。施工过程中必须随时用6m直尺检测接缝及构造物的连接处平整度，发现不合格的地方及时修整。正常路段的平整度采用连续式平整度仪测定。上面层现场压实度采用空隙率与压实度双指标进行控制，要求压实度大于98％。同时按现场极值空隙率为3.5-6.5％、平均值为4-6％的要求补充作为现场压实控制指标，最大理论密度的压实度不得小于94％，渗水系数不大于80ml/min。采用钻芯法进行沥青混合料压实度的检测。
路面防污染处理步骤中，上坡道采用混凝土硬化，在坡道处铺设彩条布，安排水车对车辆轮胎进行冲洗，避免车辆带入泥团直接进入摊铺现场。上坡口处的进出车辆均采用油布包裹车底，避免车辆漏油对路面造成污染。
交通管制及开放交通步骤具体为，对已完成的沥青结构层进行封闭交通，已施工的路面禁止一切超载车辆通行，待路面温度低于50℃后方可开放交通。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，所述施工方法包括以下步骤：施工材料准备、中面层验收、粘层施工、钢沥青混合料的拌合、钢渣沥青混合料的运输、钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺、钢渣沥青混合料的碾压、施工缝设置及处理、检查验收；其中，
    钢渣沥青混合料的碾压包括初压、复压及终压，初压和复压的碾压速度为4-5km/h，终压的碾压速度为2-3km/h。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，粘层施工步骤具体为：先对中面层表面进行清洗，待表面干燥后，在表面进行沥青洒布，沥青为SBS改性乳化沥青，洒布量为0.4-0.6kg/m 2。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，钢沥青混合料的拌合的步骤中，先进行湿拌，再进行干拌，其中湿拌的时间为50-55s，干拌的时间为10-15s。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺步骤中，采用单机整幅摊铺施工，摊铺机采用自动找平方式，采用非接触式平衡梁的方式控制沥青结构层的高程和厚度；
    摊铺机开始作业之前对其熨平板进行预热，预热后的熨平板温度介于100℃与150℃之间。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺步骤中，摊铺速度为1-3m/min。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，钢渣沥青混合料的摊铺步骤中，松铺系数为1.2-1.3，松铺厚度为4.8-5.0cm；
    摊铺时，沥青路面的施工温度大于10℃。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于， 钢渣沥青混合料的碾压步骤中，碾压时采用错轮碾压，两个碾压轮迹之间按照重叠25-35cm进行控制。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，初压和复压的碾压方式均为紧跟在摊铺机后进行碾压，碾压遍数均为4-5遍，终压的碾压方式为静压收光直至消除轮迹，碾压遍数为1。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，施工缝设置及处理步骤中，在当天施工完成温度未完全降低前，人工采用风镐对摊铺材料的末端进行刨除找齐，使得横向接缝方向与铺筑方向垂直，且上下层之间的横向接缝至少错开1m；
    横向接缝处的碾压操作具体为：先用双钢轮压路机进行横向碾压，碾压时压路机处于已压实的混合料层上，伸入新铺层的宽度为12-18cm，然后每压一遍向新铺混合料移动15-20cm，直至全部在新铺层上为止，再进行纵向碾压。
  10. 如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法，其特征在于，所述施工方法还包括路面防污染处理和交通管制及开放交通，其中，
    路面防污染处理步骤中，上坡道采用混凝土硬化，在坡道处铺设彩条布，安排水车对车辆轮胎进行冲洗，上坡口处的进出车辆均采用油布包裹车底；
    交通管制及开放交通步骤具体为，对已完成的沥青结构层进行封闭交通，已施工的路面禁止一切超载车辆通行，待路面温度低于50℃后方可开放交通。
PCT/CN2022/122073 2022-04-29 2022-09-28 一种钢渣沥青混合料上面层的施工方法 WO2023020630A1 (zh)

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