WO2023017349A1 - 表示装置、表示モジュール及び電子機器 - Google Patents
表示装置、表示モジュール及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to semiconductor devices, display devices, display modules, and electronic devices.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a display device.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, memory devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices (eg, touch sensors), and input/output devices (eg, touch panels). , their driving method or their manufacturing method can be mentioned as an example.
- Display devices used in information terminal devices such as smartphones are becoming more and more commoditized as a result of recent technological innovations.
- display devices are used not only for displaying photos or videos, but also for biometric authentication such as face authentication, fingerprint authentication, and vein authentication, or light receiving devices such as touch sensors and motion sensors.
- biometric authentication such as face authentication, fingerprint authentication, and vein authentication
- light receiving devices such as touch sensors and motion sensors.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses an electronic device such as a smart phone that can perform fingerprint authentication.
- the detection operation performed by driving the light receiving device is configured to be performed between display operations. In order to improve the display quality by the display operation, it is preferable to increase the display frame frequency.
- the display frame frequency can be increased by increasing the frequency of the display operation and decreasing the frequency of the detection operation.
- control is performed for each driver circuit. , the circuit scale of the drive circuit may increase.
- the frequency of the detection operation When increasing the accuracy of the detection operation performed by driving the light receiving device, it is preferable to increase the frequency of the detection operation and decrease the frequency of the display operation. In order to achieve both the improvement of the display quality by the display operation and the accuracy of the detection operation, it is preferable to switch between a state in which the display frame frequency is high and a state in which the frequency of the detection operation is high. Further, by increasing the number of selection signals scanned by sub-pixels having light receiving devices, it is possible to further improve the accuracy of the detection operation. However, if the frequency of the detection operation is variable in a situation where the number of selection signals scanned by the sub-pixels having the light-receiving device is large, there is a risk of an increase in power consumption due to continued unnecessary detection operations.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device or the like with a novel structure. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device or the like with a novel structure in which an increase in circuit size can be reduced. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device or the like with a novel structure in which an increase in power consumption can be suppressed. Alternatively, one embodiment of the present invention provides a display device or the like with a novel structure in which a detection operation and a display operation are alternately performed, which can increase the circuit scale and reduce power consumption. This is one of the issues to be addressed.
- One aspect of the present invention provides a first subpixel having a light emitting device, a second subpixel having a light receiving device, a first gate line to which a first selection signal is applied to scan the first subpixel, and a second subpixel. a second gate line to which a second selection signal for scanning pixels is applied; and a first selection signal or a second selection signal output by a gate line driving circuit is applied to the first gate line or the second gate line.
- a first switching unit that distributes and outputs a first selection signal or a second selection signal
- a gate line drive circuit that outputs a first selection signal or a second selection signal
- a drive control circuit having two switching units, and a timing control circuit for controlling the first switching unit and the second switching unit, the timing control circuit having a first operation mode and a second operation mode
- the gate line drive circuit In the first operation mode, the gate line drive circuit outputs a first selection signal having a first frame frequency and a second selection signal having a longer selection period than the first selection signal, and performs a second operation.
- the display device outputs a first selection signal and a second selection signal having a second frame frequency lower than the first frame frequency.
- the display device preferably includes an analog switch provided between each of the first switching unit and the second switching unit and the gate line driving circuit and the first gate line or the second gate line.
- the image processor has an image processor, and the image processor has a function of switching between a first operation mode and a second operation mode according to an object detection state or an object non-detection state of the light receiving device.
- a display device is preferred.
- the light-emitting device has a function of emitting visible light and the light-receiving device has a function of detecting visible light.
- the light-emitting device has a function of emitting infrared light
- the light-receiving device has a function of detecting infrared light
- One aspect of the present invention is a display module including the display device described above and at least one of a connector and an integrated circuit.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the display module described above and at least one of a housing, a battery, a camera, a speaker, and a microphone.
- One embodiment of the present invention can provide a display device or the like with a novel configuration. Alternatively, one embodiment of the present invention can provide a display device or the like with a novel structure in which an increase in circuit size can be reduced. Alternatively, one embodiment of the present invention can provide a display device or the like with a novel structure that can suppress an increase in power consumption. Alternatively, one embodiment of the present invention provides a display device or the like with a novel structure in which a detection operation and a display operation are alternately performed, which can increase the circuit scale and reduce power consumption. be able to.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- 3A to 3C are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display device.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an operation example of the display device.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an operation example of the display device.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an operation example of the display device.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing an operation example of the display device.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing an operation example of the display device.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- 11A to 11D are diagrams showing configuration examples of display devices.
- FIGS. 12A to 12D are diagrams showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 13A to 13E are diagrams showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 14A, 14B, and 14D are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices.
- 14C and 14E are diagrams showing examples of images captured by the display device.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 16A to 16C are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices.
- 17A to 17C are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices.
- 18A to 18C are diagrams showing an example of a display device.
- 19A to 19C are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- FIG. 20A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 20A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 20A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 20A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- 20B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device; 21A to 21I are top views showing examples of pixels. 22A to 22E are top views showing examples of pixels. 23A and 23B are top views showing examples of pixels. 24A and 24B are top views showing examples of pixels. 25A and 25B are top views showing examples of pixels. 26A and 26B are top views showing examples of pixels. 27A and 27B are top views showing examples of pixels.
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 29A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device; 29B and 29C are cross-sectional views showing examples of transistors.
- FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 31A and 31B are perspective views showing an example of a display module.
- FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 33A and 33B are perspective views showing an example of a display module.
- FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 38A to 38D are diagrams showing examples of transistors.
- 39A and 39B are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 40A to 40D are diagrams showing examples of electronic devices.
- 41A to 41F are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- film and “layer” can be interchanged depending on the case or situation.
- conductive layer can be changed to the term “conductive film.”
- insulating film can be changed to the term “insulating layer”.
- FIG. 1A A block diagram of the display device 10 is shown in FIG. 1A.
- the display device 10 includes a display section 71, a signal line drive circuit 72, a gate line drive circuit 73, a control line drive circuit 74, a signal readout circuit 75, a timing control circuit 21, and the like.
- the display unit 71 has a plurality of pixels 80 arranged in a matrix.
- Pixel 80 has sub-pixel 81R, sub-pixel 81G, sub-pixel 81B, and sub-pixel 82PS.
- the sub-pixel 81R, sub-pixel 81G, and sub-pixel 81B each have a light-emitting device functioning as a display device.
- the sub-pixel 82PS has a light receiving device that functions as a photoelectric conversion element.
- a light-emitting device functions as a display device (also called a display element).
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention light-emitting devices are arranged in a matrix in a display portion, and an image can be displayed on the display portion. Further, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention has a function of detecting light using a light receiving device.
- an EL device such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode) as the light emitting device.
- OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
- QLED Quadantum-dot Light Emitting Diode
- light-emitting substances in EL devices include substances that emit fluorescence (fluorescent materials), substances that emit phosphorescence (phosphorescent materials), inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.), and substances that exhibit heat-activated delayed fluorescence (heat-activated delayed fluorescence ( Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) material) and the like.
- LEDs such as micro LED (Light Emitting Diode), can also be used as a light emitting device.
- the TADF material a material in which the singlet excited state and the triplet excited state are in thermal equilibrium may be used. Since such a TADF material has a short emission lifetime (excitation lifetime), it is possible to suppress a decrease in efficiency in a high-luminance region of a light-emitting device.
- light-receiving devices are arranged in a matrix, and the display portion has one or both of an imaging function and a sensing function in addition to an image display function.
- the display part can be used for an image sensor or a touch sensor. That is, by detecting light on the display portion, an image can be captured, or proximity or contact of an object (a finger, hand, pen, or the like) can be detected.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can use a light-emitting device as a light source of a sensor. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a light receiving portion and a light source separately from the display device, and the number of parts of the electronic device can be reduced.
- the display device can capture an image using the light receiving device.
- the display device of this embodiment can be used as a scanner.
- an image sensor can be used to acquire data related to biometric information such as fingerprints and palm prints. That is, the biometric authentication sensor can be incorporated in the display device.
- the biometric authentication sensor can be incorporated into the display device.
- the display device can detect proximity or contact of an object using the light receiving device.
- the pixel 80 is electrically connected to the wiring GL, the wiring SLR, the wiring SLG, the wiring SLB, the wiring RL, the wiring RS, the wiring WX, and the like.
- the wiring SLR, the wiring SLG, and the wiring SLB are electrically connected to the signal line driver circuit 72 .
- the wiring GL is electrically connected to the gate line driving circuit 73 .
- the signal line driver circuit 72 functions as a source line driver circuit (also referred to as a source driver).
- the gate line driving circuit 73 may be called a gate driver.
- the pixel 80 has a sub-pixel 81R, a sub-pixel 81G, and a sub-pixel 81B as sub-pixels having light-emitting devices.
- the sub-pixel 81R is a red sub-pixel
- the sub-pixel 81G is a green sub-pixel
- the sub-pixel 81B is a blue sub-pixel. Accordingly, the display device 10 can perform full-color display.
- the pixel 80 has sub-pixels of three colors is shown here, it may have sub-pixels of four or more colors.
- the sub-pixel 81R has a light-emitting device that emits red light.
- Sub-pixel 81G has a light-emitting device that emits green light.
- Sub-pixel 81B has a light-emitting device that emits blue light.
- pixel 80 may have sub-pixels with light-emitting devices that exhibit other colors of light.
- the pixel 80 may have, in addition to the three sub-pixels described above, a sub-pixel having a light-emitting device that emits white light, a sub-pixel that has a light-emitting device that emits yellow light, or the like.
- the wiring GL is electrically connected to the sub-pixels 81R, 81G, and 81B arranged in the row direction (the extending direction of the wiring GL).
- the wiring SLR, the wiring SLG, and the wiring SLB are electrically connected to the sub-pixels 81R, 81G, and 81B arranged in the column direction (the extending direction of the wiring SLR and the like), respectively.
- a sub-pixel 82PS included in the pixel 80 is electrically connected to the wiring RL, the wiring RS, and the wiring WX.
- the wiring RL is electrically connected to the gate line driving circuit 73 .
- the wiring RS is electrically connected to the control line driving circuit 74 .
- the wiring WX is electrically connected to the signal readout circuit 75 .
- the control line drive circuit 74 has a function of generating a signal for driving the sub-pixel 82PS and outputting it to the sub-pixel 82PS via the wiring RS.
- the signal readout circuit 75 has a function of receiving a signal output from the sub-pixel 82PS via the wiring WX and outputting it to the outside as image data.
- the signal readout circuit 75 functions as a circuit for reading image data.
- a selection signal (both a scanning signal and a first selection signal) for selecting the subpixel 81R, the subpixel 81G, and the subpixel 81B as subpixels having light-emitting devices in the gate line driver circuit 73 ) and a selection signal (also referred to as a second selection signal) for selecting the sub-pixel 82PS as a sub-pixel having a light receiving device.
- the gate line driving circuit 73 switches between scanning of the sub-pixels having the light-emitting device when performing the display operation and scanning of the sub-pixels having the light-receiving device when performing the detection operation, which are controlled at different timings. It can be configured to perform With this structure, signals controlled at different timings can be output from one circuit, and the circuit scale of the driver circuit can be reduced.
- the timing control circuit 21 outputs a control signal TS for switching between scanning of sub-pixels having light-emitting devices when performing a display operation and scanning of sub-pixels having light-receiving devices when performing a detection operation.
- the timing control circuit 21 scans sub-pixels having light-emitting devices when performing display operations and scanning sub-pixels having light-receiving devices when performing detection operations based on signals from, for example, an application processor or a touch controller. , can control the operating state to switch between.
- a configuration example of the gate line driver circuit 73 and a configuration example of the wiring GL and the wiring RL connected to the gate line driver circuit 73 will be described with reference to FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 1B shows, as components of the gate line drive circuit 73, a drive circuit section 30 having a display section drive circuit 31 and a sensor section drive circuit 32, and a switching section 40 having an analog switch 41.
- FIG. 1B sub-pixels 81 and sub-pixels 82 are illustrated as the configuration of the display portion 71 provided with the wiring GL and the wiring RL connected to the gate line driving circuit 73 .
- FIG. 1B also illustrates a switching unit 50 having an analog switch 51 and a switching unit 60 having an analog switch 63 as configurations connected to the wiring GL and the wiring RL.
- FIG. 1B also shows a timing control circuit 21 that gives a control signal TS for controlling each analog switch of the switching units 40, 50, and 60. As shown in FIG.
- the display drive circuit 31 generates a selection signal GP that is output to the wiring GL.
- the sensor section driving circuit 32 generates a selection signal RP that is output to the wiring RL.
- the selection signal GP is a signal for selecting the sub-pixel 81 during display operation.
- the selection signal RP is a signal for selecting the sub-pixel 82 during the detection operation.
- the sub-pixel 81 corresponds to the sub-pixel 81R, sub-pixel 81G, and sub-pixel 81B, and the sub-pixel 82 corresponds to the sub-pixel 82PS.
- the display unit driving circuit 31 and the sensor unit driving circuit 32 are configured to switch and output the selection signal GP or the selection signal RP based on a signal output from a common shift register. An increase in circuit scale can be suppressed.
- the switching units 40 and 50 have a function of switching the analog switch 41 and the analog switch 51 on or off to distribute and output the selection signal GP or the selection signal RP output from the drive circuit unit 30 to the wiring GL and the wiring RL. have By having the switching units 40 and 50, the number of terminals between the drive circuit unit 30 and the display unit 71 can be reduced.
- the switching unit 60 has a function of setting the potentials of the wiring GL and the wiring RL to a constant potential such as a ground potential.
- the signals of different timings output by the driving circuit unit 30 are switched during the display operation or during the detection operation, and the sub-pixel 81 Or it can be applied to the sub-pixels 82 .
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration in which an image processor 22 and an application processor 23 are added to the configuration of the block diagram shown in FIG. 1A.
- the mode switching signal MC output by the image processor 22 to control the timing control circuit 21, and the sensor information data output to the application processor 23 based on the signal obtained by the detection operation in the image processor 22.
- XD is shown.
- the image processor 22 outputs a mode switching signal MC for controlling the timing control circuit 21 depending on whether the object is detected or not when the detection operation is executed.
- the timing control circuit 21 can switch between the display operation and the detection operation according to the mode switching signal MC. Therefore, the operation mode can be switched according to the usage state of the display device 10 .
- the image processor 22 can output a mode switching signal MC for switching between display operation and detection operation based on image data obtained by the signal readout circuit 75, that is, data obtained by detecting an object.
- the application processor 23 performs arithmetic processing for controlling each circuit of the display device 10, such as the timing control circuit 21 or the signal readout circuit 75, according to the sensor information data XD according to the display operation or detection operation from the image processor 22. It can be performed.
- the gate line driving circuit 73, the signal readout circuit 75, the timing control circuit 21, and the image processor 22 are integrated into the driving control circuit 20 which is an integrated circuit. is preferred. By integrating each circuit as an integrated integrated circuit, ie, one IC chip, the circuit scale of the drive circuit can be reduced.
- Example of display device operation An operation example of a display device that performs a display operation or a detection operation according to an object detection state or an object non-detection state will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 5 .
- FIG. 3A shows a state transition diagram showing switching between the display operation and the detection operation according to the object detection state or non-detection state.
- the display device 10 transitions from the display operation to the detection operation when the object is detected, and transitions from the detection operation to the display operation when the object is not detected.
- the display operation may be referred to as a first operation mode.
- the detection operation may be referred to as a second operation mode.
- FIG. 3B shows a schematic diagram of operation modes.
- an image data write operation (write) and an imaging data read operation (read) for a period shorter than the write operation are alternately performed in one frame period (1 frame).
- One frame period in display operation is preferably a short period, for example, 1/120 s.
- the frame frequency for one frame period in the display operation is also called the first frame frequency.
- the write operation in one frame period in the display operation has a period shorter than one frame period, and the read operation has an even shorter period.
- the wiring GL for outputting the selection signal of the gate driver circuit is configured to output to all the rows one by one.
- the pulse width (selection period) of the selection signal of the gate drive circuit is shortened.
- the wiring RL for outputting the selection signal of the gate drive circuit is configured to collectively output to a plurality of rows (low-resolution readout), so that the readout operation period is short. Enables imaging of the entire surface of the device.
- the readout operation if the purpose is simple object detection, the captured image does not need to be operated at the maximum resolution of the light receiving device.
- the pulse width (selection period) of the selection signal of the gate driver circuit that is output to the wiring RL is longer than that in the case of outputting the signal to the wiring RL row by row. In other words, the selection signal of the gate driver circuit output to the wiring RL can ensure a sufficient selection period in the reading operation.
- FIG. 3C shows a schematic diagram of operation modes.
- an image data write operation (write) and an imaging data read operation (read) are alternately performed in one frame period (1 frame).
- One frame period in the detection operation is preferably longer than that in the display operation, and is set to 1/60 s, for example.
- the frame frequency for one frame period in the detection operation is also called a second frame frequency.
- the writing operation in one frame period in the detection operation is configured to output the selection signal of the gate driving circuit to all the wirings GL row by row. Since one frame period in the detection operation is longer than one frame period in the display operation, the frequency of the writing operation is low.
- the wiring RL for outputting the selection signal of the gate driver circuit is configured to output one row at a time to all the rows during the reading operation in the detection operation.
- the selection signal of the gate driver circuit output to the wiring RL has the same pulse width (selection period) as in the writing operation. Therefore, the selection signal of the gate drive circuit output to the wiring GL and the wiring RL sequentially selects the sub-pixels in each row by a signal output at a frame frequency lower than that in the display operation during the write operation and the read operation. will have to choose.
- display and image data writing operation can be performed, and imaging data reading operation (read) can be performed row by row. Therefore, it is possible to accurately detect the state of the object detected in the detection state.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flowchart for explaining a detection state or a non-detection state of an object that triggers transition to display operation or detection operation.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining transition to display operation or detection operation.
- the signal line driving circuit 72 and the gate line driving circuit 73 for writing image data are represented by "SD/GD”
- the gate line driving circuit 73, the control line driving circuit 74 and the signal readout circuit 75 for reading image data are represented by "CD/RD”.
- the judgment of the image processor 22 for judging detection or non-detection of the object based on the imaging data is illustrated as "22".
- the image processor 22 outputs a mode switching signal MC for switching the operation mode, and can perform object detection or non-detection and imaging processing.
- step S11 an image is displayed on the display device and imaging data is acquired by simultaneously scanning a plurality of lines.
- an image data write operation is performed in SD/GD
- an imaging data read operation is performed in CD/RD.
- a write operation and a read operation are performed in 1/120 s (period between times T01 and T02) as described in FIG. 3B.
- step S12 determination of object detection is made (step S12). The determination is made based on acquisition of imaging data in step S11. At this time, the image processor 22 shown in FIG. 5 determines detection or non-detection based on the imaging data. Acquisition of imaging data in the display operation is performed for the purpose of detecting the presence or absence of an object close to the display device. If there is no object close to the display device (NO), step S11 is continued.
- step S13 If there is an object approaching the display device (YES), the process proceeds to the detection operation (step S13).
- mode switching is performed by the image processor 22 making a determination of object detection based on the imaging data immediately before time T02. Therefore, at time T02, the display operation is switched to the detection operation by the mode switching signal MC.
- the write operation and read operation in the detection operation are performed in 1/60 s (period between times T02 and T03) as described with reference to FIG. 3C. Imaging processing based on the acquired imaging data is performed over the period of the write operation and the read operation in the detection operation. Therefore, the state of the object can be detected with high accuracy.
- Object detection is determined again (step 14). The determination is made based on the reading of the imaging data in step S13. If there is an object close to the display device (YES), continue with step S13.
- the display operation is started.
- the transition is set to be performed, for example, when the non-detection based on the imaging data in the image processor 22 continues over a plurality of frame periods.
- the image processor 22 determines non-detection of the object based on the imaging data, and switches the mode from the detection operation to the display operation.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be configured to switch between a detection operation and a display operation based on detection or non-detection of an object. Therefore, when the accuracy of the detection operation is to be improved, the period of the detection operation can be lengthened and the period of the display operation can be switched to be shortened.
- the resolution of the detection operation can be increased by increasing the number of selection signals scanned by the sub-pixels having the light receiving device. Unnecessary detection operations can be suppressed by lowering the resolution of object detection during the display operation, so an increase in power consumption can be suppressed.
- FIG. 6 shows the drive circuit 34 included in the drive circuit section 30 .
- the driver circuit portion 30 can output selection signals to the wirings GL[1] to GL[8] and the wirings RL[1] to RL[8].
- an identification code such as "_1”, “_2”, “[n]”, “[m,n]” is used as the code.
- the code is added and described.
- the second wiring GL is described as wiring GL[2].
- the output signal SHIFT[1] is a pulse signal output by the first-stage shift register circuit SR when the clock signal CLK and the start pulse signal SP are input.
- the output signal SHIFT[2] is a pulse signal output by the second-stage shift register circuit SR when the clock signal CLK and the output signal SHIFT[1] are input.
- the control signals PWC[1] to PWC[4] are signals for controlling the selection period of the pulse signal output from the shift register circuit SR.
- the AND circuit 33 is a circuit that outputs a signal corresponding to the AND of any one of the control signals PWC[1] to PWC[4] and the pulse signal output from the shift register circuit SR.
- the level shift circuit LS transmits a signal obtained by converting the amplitude voltage of the input signal into a predetermined amplitude voltage to the wiring GL (GL[1] to GL[8]) and the wiring RL (RL[1] to RL[8]). This is the output circuit. Note that whether to output a signal to either the wiring GL or the wiring RL can be switched by switching on or off the analog switches included in the switching units 40 and 50 .
- FIG. 7 and 8 show timing charts of various signals of the drive circuit section 30 of FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows a timing chart during display operation in which a selection signal is output to the wiring GL.
- FIG. 8 shows a timing chart during a detection operation in which a selection signal is output to the wiring RL.
- selection signals can be sequentially output to the wiring GL of each row during the display operation.
- the output signals SHIFT[1] and SHIFT[2] output by the shift register circuit SR can be output as signals with a short selection period according to the control signals PWC[1] to PWC[4] shown in FIG. .
- the same selection signal can be sequentially output to a plurality of rows of wirings RL during the detection operation.
- the output signals SHIFT[1] and SHIFT[2] output by the shift register circuit SR can be output as signals with long selection periods according to the control signals PWC[1] to PWC[4] shown in FIG. .
- the selection signal applied to the wiring GL and the selection signal applied to the wiring RL preferably have different amplitude voltages.
- the selection signal GP when the signal output from the AND circuit 33 is distributed to the wiring GL or the wiring RL, the selection signal GP or A configuration example for outputting the selection signal RP is illustrated.
- the level shift circuit 35 is supplied with voltages GVDD and GVSS, and can output a selection signal GP having an amplitude voltage corresponding to the voltages.
- the level shift circuit 36 is supplied with voltages RVDD and RVSS different from the voltages GVDD and GVSS, and can output a selection signal RP having an amplitude voltage corresponding to the voltages.
- the distribution of signals to be output to the wiring according to the display operation or detection operation may be applied to the wiring SL and the wiring WX connected to the drive control circuit having the signal line driving circuit 72 and the signal readout circuit 75 .
- a switching section 40 having an analog switch 41 is shown in addition to the signal line drive circuit 72 and the signal readout circuit 75.
- FIG. 10 also illustrates a switching section 50 having an analog switch 51 between the drive control circuit 20A and the display section 71.
- FIG. 10 also shows the timing control circuit 21 that gives the control signal TS for controlling each analog switch of the switching units 40 and 50 .
- the analog switches of the switching units 40 and 50 can be switched so as to output the data signal to be given to the sub-pixel 81 output from the signal line drive circuit 72.
- the switching unit 40 is configured to selectively read out the readout signal from the sub-pixel 82 input to the signal readout circuit 75 through the sense amplifier circuit SA. , 50 analog switches.
- FIGS. 11A to 11D and 12A to 12D Examples of circuit diagrams of pixel circuits that can be applied to the sub-pixel 81R, sub-pixel 81G, and sub-pixel 81B are shown in FIGS. 11A to 11D and 12A to 12D.
- a pixel circuit 81_1 shown in FIG. 11A illustrates a transistor 55A, a transistor 55B, and a capacitor 56.
- FIG. FIG. 11A also illustrates the light emitting device 61 connected to the pixel circuit 81_1.
- FIG. 11A also illustrates the wiring SL, the wiring GL, the wiring ANO, and the wiring VCOM.
- the transistor 55A has a gate electrically connected to the wiring GL, one of the source and the drain electrically connected to the wiring SL, and the other electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 55B and one electrode of the capacitor 56 .
- One of the source and drain of the transistor 55B is electrically connected to the wiring ANO and the other is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting device 61 .
- the other electrode of the capacitor 56 is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting device 61 .
- the light emitting device 61 has a cathode electrically connected to the wiring VCOM.
- the transistor 55A functions as a switch.
- Transistor 55B functions as a transistor for controlling the current flowing through light emitting device 61 .
- a transistor including silicon in a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as a Si transistor) as the transistor 55A and the transistor 55B.
- a transistor including a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) in a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor) is preferably used as the transistor 55A
- a Si transistor is preferably used as the transistor 55B.
- Si transistors have high field effect mobility and good frequency characteristics.
- a transistor including low temperature poly silicon (LTPS) in a channel formation region hereinafter referred to as an LTPS transistor can be used.
- LTPS low temperature poly silicon
- circuits that need to be driven at high frequencies can be built on the same substrate as the display section. This makes it possible to simplify the external circuit mounted on the display device and reduce the component cost and the mounting cost.
- Oxide semiconductors include, for example, indium and metal M (M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, one or more selected from neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium) and zinc.
- M is preferably one or more selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, and tin.
- an oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc (also referred to as IGZO) is preferably used for the semiconductor layer of the OS transistor.
- an oxide containing indium, tin, and zinc is preferably used.
- oxides containing indium, gallium, tin, and zinc are preferably used.
- the transistor 55A connected in series with the capacitor 56 is preferably an OS transistor.
- the charge held in the capacitor 56 can be prevented from leaking through the transistor 55A.
- the charge held in the capacitor 56 can be held for a long time, a still image can be displayed for a long time without rewriting data in the pixel circuit 81_1.
- the off current value of the OS transistor per 1 ⁇ m of channel width at room temperature is 1 aA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 18 A) or less, 1 zA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 21 A) or less, or 1 yA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 24 A) or less.
- the off current value of the Si transistor per 1 ⁇ m channel width at room temperature is 1 fA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 A) or more and 1 pA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 A) or less. Therefore, it can be said that the off-state current of the OS transistor is about ten digits lower than the off-state current of the Si transistor.
- an LTPS transistor and an OS transistor for the transistors 55A and 55B, a display device with low power consumption and high driving capability can be realized.
- a structure in which an LTPS transistor and an OS transistor are combined is sometimes called an LTPO.
- an OS transistor as a transistor or the like that functions as a switch for controlling conduction/non-conduction between wirings, and use an LTPS transistor as a transistor or the like that controls current.
- the light emitting device 61 has a function of emitting light (hereinafter also referred to as a light emitting function).
- the light emitting device 61 is preferably an organic EL device (organic electroluminescence device).
- a pixel circuit 81_2 shown in FIG. 11B has a configuration in which a transistor 55C is added to the pixel circuit 81_1.
- a wiring V0 for applying a constant potential is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 81_2.
- a pixel circuit 81_3 shown in FIG. 11C is an example in which a transistor having a pair of gates is applied to the transistor 55A and the transistor 55B of the pixel circuit 81_3.
- a pixel circuit 81_4 illustrated in FIG. 11D is an example in which the transistor is applied to the pixel circuit 81_2. Note that although all the transistors are transistors having a pair of gates here, the present invention is not limited to this.
- a configuration in which the pair of gates are electrically connected to each other and supplied with the same potential has the advantage of increasing the on current of the transistor and improving saturation characteristics.
- a potential for controlling the threshold voltage of the transistor may be applied to one of the pair of gates.
- the stability of the electrical characteristics of the transistor can be improved.
- one gate of the transistor may be electrically connected to a wiring to which a constant potential is applied, or may be electrically connected to its own source or drain.
- a pixel circuit 81_5 shown in FIG. 12A has a configuration in which a transistor 55D is added to the pixel circuit 81_2.
- the pixel circuit 81_5 is electrically connected to three wirings functioning as gate lines (a wiring GL1, a wiring GL2, and a wiring GL3).
- the transistor 55D has a gate electrically connected to the wiring GL3, one of the source and the drain electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 55B, and the other electrically connected to the wiring V0.
- a gate of the transistor 55A is electrically connected to the wiring GL1, and a gate of the transistor 55C is electrically connected to the wiring GL2.
- Such a pixel circuit is suitable for a display method in which display periods and off periods are alternately provided.
- a pixel circuit 81_6 shown in FIG. 12B is an example in which a capacitor 56A is added to the pixel circuit 81_5. Capacitor 56A functions as a holding capacitor.
- a pixel circuit 81_7 shown in FIG. 12C and a pixel circuit 81_8 shown in FIG. 12D are examples in which a transistor having a pair of gates is applied to the pixel circuit 81_5 or the pixel circuit 81_6, respectively.
- a transistor having a pair of gates electrically connected to each other is applied to the transistors 55A, 55C, and 55D, and a transistor having one gate electrically connected to a source is applied to the transistor 55B.
- FIGS. 13A to 13E Examples of circuit diagrams of pixel circuits that can then be applied to the sub-pixel 82PS are shown in FIGS. 13A to 13E.
- the wiring RS and the wiring TX are illustrated in FIGS. 13A to 13E.
- the wiring RL is a wiring for transmitting a selection signal for reading out data from the pixel circuit.
- the wiring RS is a wiring for transmitting a reset signal for initializing the pixel circuit.
- the wiring WX is a wiring that transmits a signal read out from the pixel circuit.
- the wiring TX is a wiring that transmits a transfer signal that controls the current flowing through the light receiving device 62 .
- a pixel circuit that can be applied to the sub-pixel 82PS is connected to a wiring that transmits a constant potential.
- a pixel circuit 82_1 shown in FIG. 13A has a transistor 57A, a transistor 57B, a transistor 57C and a capacitor 58, and the transistors and the capacitor are connected as shown in FIG. 13A. Illustrated. FIG. 13A also illustrates the light receiving device 62 connected to the pixel circuit 82_1.
- the light receiving device 62 has a function of detecting light (hereinafter also referred to as a light receiving function).
- the light receiving device 62 can use, for example, a pn-type or pin-type photodiode.
- the light receiving device 62 has a function of detecting visible light.
- Light receiving device 62 is sensitive to visible light. More preferably, the light receiving device 62 has a function of detecting visible light and infrared light.
- the light receiving device 62 is preferably sensitive to visible light and/or infrared light.
- the wavelength region of blue (B) is 400 nm or more and less than 490 nm, and blue (B) light has at least one emission spectrum peak in this wavelength region.
- the wavelength region of green (G) is 490 nm or more and less than 580 nm, and green (G) light has at least one emission spectrum peak in this wavelength region.
- the wavelength region of red (R) is 580 nm or more and less than 700 nm, and red (R) light has at least one emission spectrum peak in this wavelength region.
- the wavelength region of visible light is from 400 nm to less than 700 nm, and visible light has at least one emission spectrum peak in this wavelength region.
- the infrared (IR) wavelength range is from 700 nm to less than 900 nm, and the infrared (IR) light has at least one emission spectrum peak in this wavelength range.
- the active layer of the light receiving device 62 contains a semiconductor.
- the semiconductor include inorganic semiconductors such as silicon and organic semiconductors including organic compounds.
- an organic photodiode having a layer containing an organic semiconductor as the light receiving device 62 .
- Organic photodiodes can be easily made thinner, lighter, and larger in area, and have a high degree of freedom in shape and design, so that they can be applied to various display devices.
- the EL layer of the light emitting device 61 and the light receiving layer of the light receiving device 62 can be formed by the same method (eg, vacuum deposition method), and a common manufacturing apparatus can be used. It is preferable because it can be done.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can suitably use an organic EL device as the light-emitting device 61 and an organic photodiode as the light-receiving device 62 .
- An organic EL device and an organic photodiode can be formed on the same substrate. Therefore, an organic photodiode can be incorporated in a display device using an organic EL device.
- a display device which is one embodiment of the present invention has one or both of an imaging function and a sensing function in addition to a function of displaying an image.
- a pixel circuit 82_2 shown in FIG. 13B has a configuration in which the transistor 57B in the pixel circuit 82_1 is a transistor having a pair of gates.
- a pixel circuit 82_3 illustrated in FIG. 13C is an example in which transistors having a pair of gates are applied to the transistors 57A to 57C of the pixel circuit 82_2.
- a pixel circuit 82_4 shown in FIG. 13D is an example in which the arrangement of the transistor 57C is changed.
- a pixel circuit 82_5 shown in FIG. 13E is an example in which a transistor 57D is added.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention outputs a selection signal for selecting a subpixel having a light-emitting device and a selection signal for selecting a subpixel having a light-receiving device.
- the gate line driving circuit scanning of the sub-pixels having the light-emitting device when performing the display operation and scanning of the sub-pixels having the light-receiving device when performing the detection operation, which are controlled at different timings, are switched. It can be configured to perform With this structure, signals controlled at different timings can be output from one circuit, and the circuit scale of the driver circuit can be reduced.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can switch between detection operation and display operation based on detection or non-detection of an object. Therefore, when the accuracy of the detection operation is to be improved, the period of the detection operation can be lengthened and the period of the display operation can be switched to be shortened.
- the resolution of the detection operation can be increased by increasing the number of selection signals scanned by the sub-pixels having the light receiving device. Unnecessary detection operations can be suppressed by lowering the resolution of object detection during the display operation, so an increase in power consumption can be suppressed.
- FIG. 14A A schematic diagram of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 14A.
- a display device 200 shown in FIG. 14A includes a substrate 201, a substrate 202, a light emitting device 211R, a light emitting device 211G, a light emitting device 211B, a light receiving device 212PS, a functional layer 203, and the like.
- the light emitting device 211R, the light emitting device 211G, the light emitting device 211B, and the light receiving device 212PS are provided between the substrates 201 and 202.
- the light emitting device 211R, the light emitting device 211G, and the light emitting device 211B emit red (R), green (G), or blue (B) light, respectively.
- the light emitting device 211R, the light emitting device 211G, and the light emitting device 211B can use the light emitting device described above.
- the light receiving device 212PS can use the light receiving device described above.
- the light emitting device 211R, the light emitting device 211G, and the light emitting device 211B may be referred to as the light emitting device 211 when they are not distinguished from each other.
- FIG. 14A shows how a finger 220 touches the surface of the substrate 202.
- FIG. Part of the light emitted by the light emitting device (for example, light emitting device 211G) is reflected at the contact portion between substrate 202 and finger 220 . Part of the reflected light is incident on the light receiving device 212PS, so that contact of the finger 220 with the substrate 202 can be detected. That is, the display device 200 can function as a touch panel.
- the light emitting device for example, light emitting device 211G
- the functional layer 203 has a circuit for driving the light emitting device 211R, the light emitting device 211G, and the light emitting device 211B, and a circuit for driving the light receiving device 212PS.
- a switch, a transistor, a capacitor, a wiring, and the like are provided in the functional layer 203 .
- the light-emitting device 211R, the light-emitting device 211G, the light-emitting device 211B, and the light-receiving device 212PS are driven by a passive matrix method, a configuration without switches and transistors may be used.
- the display device 200 can detect the fingerprint of the finger 220, for example.
- FIG. 14B schematically shows an enlarged view of the contact portion between substrate 202 and finger 220 .
- FIG. 14B also shows light-emitting devices 211 and light-receiving devices 212 arranged alternately.
- a fingerprint is formed on the finger 220 by concave portions and convex portions. Therefore, the convex portion of the fingerprint touches the substrate 202 as shown in FIG. 14B.
- Light reflected from a surface or interface includes specular reflection and diffuse reflection.
- Specularly reflected light is highly directional light whose incident angle and reflected angle are the same, and diffusely reflected light is light with low angle dependence of intensity and low directivity.
- the light reflected from the surface of the finger 220 is dominated by the diffuse reflection component of the specular reflection and the diffuse reflection.
- the light reflected from the interface between the substrate 202 and the atmosphere is predominantly a specular reflection component.
- the intensity of the light reflected by the contact surface or non-contact surface between the finger 220 and the substrate 202 and incident on the light receiving device 212 positioned directly below them is the sum of the specular reflection light and the diffuse reflection light. .
- the specularly reflected light (indicated by solid line arrows) is dominant. indicated by dashed arrows) becomes dominant. Therefore, the intensity of the light received by the light receiving device 212 located directly below the concave portion is higher than that of the light receiving device 212 located directly below the convex portion. Thereby, the fingerprint of the finger 220 can be imaged.
- a clear fingerprint image can be obtained by setting the array interval of the light-receiving devices 212 to be smaller than the distance between two protrusions of the fingerprint, preferably the distance between adjacent recesses and protrusions. Since the distance between concave and convex portions of a human fingerprint is approximately 200 ⁇ m, for example, the array interval of the light receiving devices 212 is 400 ⁇ m or less, preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. The thickness is 50 ⁇ m or less, and 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more.
- FIG. 14C shows the contour of the finger 220 with a dashed line and the contour of the contact portion 224 with a dashed line within the imaging range 227 .
- a high-contrast fingerprint 222 can be imaged due to the difference in the amount of light incident on the light-receiving device 212 within the contact portion 224 .
- the display device 200 can also function as a touch panel or a pen tablet.
- FIG. 14D shows a state where the tip of the stylus 229 is in contact with the substrate 202 and is slid in the direction of the dashed arrow.
- the diffusely reflected light diffused by the contact surface of the substrate 202 and the tip of the stylus 229 is incident on the light receiving device 212 located in the portion overlapping with the contact surface.
- a position can be detected with high accuracy.
- FIG. 14E shows an example of the trajectory 226 of the stylus 229 detected by the display device 200.
- the display device 200 can detect the position of the object to be detected such as the stylus 229 with high positional accuracy, it is possible to perform high-definition drawing in a drawing application or the like.
- an electromagnetic induction touch pen, or the like it is possible to detect the position of an object to be detected with high insulation.
- Various writing utensils for example, brushes, glass pens, quill pens
- the light receiving device 212PS can be used as a touch sensor (also referred to as a direct touch sensor) or a near touch sensor (also referred to as a hover sensor, hover touch sensor, non-contact sensor, or touchless sensor).
- FIG. 15 shows how light 191 emitted from a light emitting device (for example, light emitting device 211G) is reflected by an object (for example, finger 220), and reflected light 192 enters light receiving device 212PS. .
- a light emitting device for example, light emitting device 211G
- an object for example, finger 220
- the object can be detected using the light receiving device 212PS.
- the light receiving device 212PS may appropriately determine the wavelength of light to be detected according to the application.
- a touch sensor or near-touch sensor can detect the proximity or contact of an object (finger, hand, pen, etc.).
- a touch sensor can detect an object by direct contact between the display device and the object.
- the near-touch sensor can detect the object even if the object does not touch the display device.
- the display device can detect the object when the distance between the display device and the object is 0.1 mm or more and 300 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the display device can be operated without direct contact with the object, in other words, the display device can be operated without contact.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have a variable refresh rate. For example, it is possible to reduce power consumption by adjusting the refresh rate (for example, in the range of 1 Hz to 240 Hz) according to the content displayed on the display device. Further, the drive frequency of the touch sensor or the near-touch sensor may be changed according to the refresh rate. For example, when the refresh rate of the display device is 120 Hz, the driving frequency of the touch sensor or the near-touch sensor can be higher than 120 Hz (typically 240 Hz). With this structure, low power consumption can be achieved and the response speed of the touch sensor or the near touch sensor can be increased.
- the light-receiving device 212PS is preferably provided in all pixels of the display device. A touch can be detected with high accuracy by providing the light receiving device 212PS in all the pixels. Note that a configuration in which the light receiving device 212PS is provided in some pixels may be employed. For example, a display device having a pixel provided with a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device and a pixel provided with a light-receiving device (without only the light-emitting device) may be used.
- a display device 200A shown in FIG. 16A includes a substrate 201, a substrate 202, a light emitting device 211R, a light emitting device 211G, a light emitting device 211B, a light emitting device 211IR, a light receiving device 212PS, a functional layer 203, and the like.
- the display device 200A mainly differs from the aforementioned display device 200 in that it has a light emitting device 211IR.
- the light emitting device 211R, the light emitting device 211G, the light emitting device 211B, and the light receiving device 212PS are provided between the substrates 201 and 202.
- Light emitting device 211IR emits infrared light.
- the light emitting device 211IR can use the light emitting device described above.
- FIG. 16A shows how a finger 220 touches the surface of the substrate 202.
- FIG. Some of the light emitted by the light emitting device eg, light emitting device 211 IR
- the light emitting device eg, light emitting device 211 IR
- Part of the reflected light is incident on the light receiving device 212PS, so that contact of the finger 220 with the substrate 202 can be detected.
- touch detection is possible even in a dark place.
- the display device 200A can display an image on the display section using the light emitting device 211R, the light emitting device 211G, and the light emitting device 211B, and perform touch detection on the display section using the light emitting device 211IR and the light receiving device 212PS.
- the display device 200A can display an image on the display unit and can perform imaging on the display unit.
- FIG. 16B shows how the light 191 emitted from the light emitting device 211G is reflected by the object (for example, the finger 220) and the reflected light 192 enters the light receiving device 212PS.
- FIG. 16C shows how light 191 emitted from light emitting device 211IR is reflected by an object (for example, finger 220) and reflected light 192 enters light receiving device 212PS.
- the object is not in contact with the display device 200A, the object can be detected using the light receiving device 212PS.
- FIG. 17A shows a configuration example different from the display device 200A described above.
- a display device 200B shown in FIG. 17A includes a substrate 201, a substrate 202, a light emitting device 211R, a light emitting device 211G, a light emitting device 211B, a light emitting device 211IR, a light receiving device 212PS, a light receiving device 212IRS, a functional layer 203, and the like.
- the display device 200B mainly differs from the above-described display device 200A in that the configuration of the light receiving device is different.
- the light emitting device 211R, the light emitting device 211G, the light emitting device 211B, the light receiving device 212PS, and the light receiving device 212IRS are provided between the substrates 201 and 202.
- the light receiving device 212PS receives visible light.
- the light receiving device 212IRS receives infrared light.
- the light receiving device 212PS and the light receiving device 212IRS can use the light receiving device described above.
- FIG. 17A shows how a finger 220 touches the surface of the substrate 202.
- the light emitting device eg, light emitting device 211 IR
- Part of the reflected light is incident on the light receiving device 212IRS, so that contact of the finger 220 with the substrate 202 can be detected.
- FIG. 17B shows how the light 191 emitted from the light emitting device 211IR is reflected by an object (for example, the finger 220) and the reflected light 192 enters the light receiving device 212IRS.
- FIG. 17C shows how the light 191 emitted from the light emitting device 211G is reflected by an object (for example, the finger 220) and the reflected light 192 enters the light receiving device 212PS.
- the object is not in contact with the display device 200B, the object can be detected using the light receiving device 212PS or the light receiving device 212IRS.
- the area of the light receiving region of the light receiving device 212PS (hereinafter also referred to as light receiving area) is preferably smaller than the light receiving area of the light receiving device 212IRS.
- the light-receiving device 212PS can perform higher-definition imaging than the light-receiving device 212IRS.
- the light receiving device 212PS can be used for imaging for personal authentication using a fingerprint, palm print, iris, pulse shape (including vein shape and artery shape), face, or the like. Note that the light receiving device 212PS may appropriately determine the wavelength of light to be detected according to the application.
- a target detection method may be selected according to the function from the difference in detection accuracy between the light receiving device 212PS and the light receiving device 212IRS.
- the scrolling function of the display screen is realized by the near touch sensor function using the light receiving device 212IRS
- the input function with the keyboard displayed on the screen is realized by the high-definition touch sensor function using the light receiving device 212PS.
- the light receiving device 212PS is provided in all the pixels of the display device.
- the light-receiving device 212IRS used as a touch sensor or a near-touch sensor does not require high accuracy compared to the detection using the light-receiving device 212PS, so it may be provided in some pixels of the display device.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a multifunctional display device by mounting a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device in one pixel.
- a display device having a high-definition imaging function and a sensing function such as a touch sensor or a near-touch sensor can be realized.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention may emit light of a specific color and receive reflected light reflected by an object.
- FIG. 18A schematically shows, with arrows, red light emitted from the display device and red light incident on the display device after being reflected by an object (finger 220 in this case).
- FIG. 18B schematically shows, with arrows, infrared light emitted from the display device and infrared light incident on the display device after being reflected by an object (finger 220 in this case).
- the transmittance of the object for red light can be measured.
- the transmittance of the object to infrared light can be measured by emitting infrared light while the object is in contact with or in close proximity to the display device and causing the reflected light from the object to enter the display device.
- FIG. 18C shows an enlarged view of the region P indicated by the dashed-dotted line in FIG. 18A.
- the light 191 emitted from the light emitting device 211R is scattered by the surface of the finger 220 and the living tissue inside, and part of the scattered light travels from inside the living body toward the light receiving device 212PS. This scattered light passes through the blood vessel 91, and the transmitted light 192 enters the light receiving device 212PS.
- the infrared light emitted from the light emitting device 211IR is scattered by the surface and internal biological tissue of the finger 220, and a part of the scattered infrared light travels from inside the living body toward the light receiving device 212IRS.
- This scattered infrared light passes through the blood vessel 91, and the transmitted infrared light enters the light receiving device 212IRS.
- the light 192 is light that has passed through the living tissue 93 and blood vessels 91 (arteries and veins). Since arterial blood pulsates with heartbeat, the absorption of light by arteries varies with heartbeat. On the other hand, since the body tissue 93 and the veins are not affected by the heartbeat, the light absorption by the body tissue 93 and the light absorption by the veins are constant. Therefore, the light transmittance of the artery can be calculated by excluding a component that is constant over time from the light 192 incident on the display device. Further, the transmittance of red light is lower for hemoglobin not bound to oxygen (also called reduced hemoglobin) than for hemoglobin bound to oxygen (also called oxygenated hemoglobin).
- hemoglobin not bound to oxygen also called reduced hemoglobin
- oxygenated hemoglobin also called oxygenated hemoglobin
- Oxygenated hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin have the same transmittance of infrared light.
- the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to the sum of oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, or oxygen saturation can be calculated.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can function as a reflective pulse oximeter.
- the position information of the area touched by the finger is acquired.
- red light is emitted from the region where the finger is in contact and the pixels in the vicinity thereof, and the transmittance of the artery to the red light is measured.
- Oxygen saturation can then be calculated by emitting infrared light and measuring the transmittance of the artery to infrared light.
- the order of measuring the transmittance for red light and the transmittance for infrared light is not particularly limited. After measuring the transmittance for infrared light, the transmittance for red light may be measured. Further, although an example of calculating the oxygen saturation using a finger is shown here, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- Oxygen saturation can also be calculated at sites other than fingers.
- the oxygen saturation can be calculated by measuring the transmittance of the artery to red light and the transmittance of the artery to infrared light while the palm is in contact with the display unit of the display device.
- FIG. 19A An example of an electronic device to which the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is applied is shown in FIG. 19A.
- a mobile information terminal 400 shown in FIG. 19A can be used as, for example, a smart phone.
- the mobile information terminal 400 has a housing 402 and a display section 404 .
- the display device described above can be applied to the display portion 404 .
- the display unit 404 for example, the aforementioned display device 200B can be preferably used.
- FIG. 19A shows how a finger 406 is in contact with the display unit 404 of the mobile information terminal 400.
- FIG. FIG. 19A shows a region where a touch is detected and a region 408 in the vicinity thereof by a dashed line.
- the mobile information terminal 400 emits red light from the pixels in the area 408 and detects the red light incident on the display section 404 .
- the oxygen saturation of the finger 406 can be measured by emitting infrared light from pixels in the region 408 and detecting the infrared light incident on the display portion 404 .
- FIG. 19B shows how the pixels in region 408 are illuminated.
- FIG. 19B shows the finger 406 transparently, only the outline is shown in dashed lines, and the region 408 is hatched. As shown in FIG. 19B, illuminated area 408 is hidden by finger 406 and is less visible to the user. Therefore, the oxygen saturation can be measured without making the user feel stressed.
- portable information terminal 400 can measure oxygen saturation at any position within display unit 404 .
- the obtained oxygen saturation may be displayed on the display unit 404 .
- FIG. 19C shows how an image 409 indicating oxygen saturation is displayed in the area 407 .
- FIG. 19C shows characters “SpO 2 97%” as an example of the image 409 .
- the image 409 may be an image, and may include an image and characters.
- the region 407 may be provided at any position on the display portion 404 .
- an island-shaped light-emitting layer and an active layer can be formed by a vacuum deposition method using a metal mask (also called a shadow mask).
- a metal mask also called a shadow mask
- island-like formations occur due to various influences such as precision of the metal mask, misalignment between the metal mask and the substrate, bending of the metal mask, and broadening of the contour of the deposited film due to vapor scattering. Since the shapes and positions of the light-emitting layer and the active layer deviate from the design, it is difficult to increase the definition and aperture ratio of the display device.
- an island-shaped pixel electrode (which can also be called a lower electrode) is formed, a first layer serving as an EL layer is formed over one surface, and then a first layer is formed over the first layer. 1 mask layer is formed. Then, a first resist mask is formed over the first mask layer, and the first layer and the first mask layer are processed using the first resist mask to form an island-shaped EL layer. do.
- the second layer to be a light-receiving layer is formed into an island-shaped light-receiving layer using a second mask layer and a second resist mask.
- the island-shaped EL layer is not formed by a pattern of a metal mask, but is processed after a layer to be an EL layer is formed over one surface.
- the island-shaped light-receiving layer is not formed by a pattern of a metal mask, but is formed by forming a layer to be the light-receiving layer over the entire surface and then processing the layer. Therefore, it is possible to realize a high-definition display device or a display device with a high aperture ratio, which has hitherto been difficult to achieve.
- the EL layer can be separately formed for each color, a display device with extremely vivid, high-contrast, and high-quality display can be realized.
- a light-receiving device can be provided in a pixel, and a display device having a high-definition imaging function and a sensing function such as a touch sensor or a near-touch sensor can be realized.
- by providing mask layers over the EL layer and the light-receiving layer damage to the EL layer and the light-receiving layer during the manufacturing process of the display device can be reduced, and the reliability of the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device can be improved.
- the gap can be narrowed to 500 nm or less, 200 nm or less, 100 nm or less, or even 50 nm or less.
- the area of the light-emitting region hereinafter also referred to as the light-emitting area
- the light-receiving area occupied by the pixel can be increased, and the aperture ratio can be brought close to 100%.
- the aperture ratio can be 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or even 90% or more, and less than 100%.
- the patterns of the EL layer and the light-receiving layer themselves can also be made much smaller than when a metal mask is used.
- a metal mask is used to separate the EL layer and the light-receiving layer
- the thickness varies between the center and the edge of the pattern. area becomes smaller.
- the pattern is formed by processing a film formed to have a uniform thickness, the thickness can be made uniform within the pattern, and even if the pattern is fine, almost the entire area of the pattern can emit light. It can be used as a region or light receiving region. Therefore, a display device having both high definition and high aperture ratio can be manufactured.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B A display device of one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B.
- FIG. 20A is a top view of the display device 100.
- the display device 100 has a display section in which a plurality of pixels 110 are arranged in a matrix, and a connection section 140 outside the display section.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 110 shown in FIG. 20A.
- a pixel 110 shown in FIG. 20A is composed of four sub-pixels, sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, sub-pixel 110c, and sub-pixel 110d.
- Sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, and sub-pixel 110c have light-emitting devices that emit light in different wavelength ranges.
- the light emitting device the light emitting device described above can be used.
- Sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c include three sub-pixels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M). ), and the like.
- Sub-pixel 110d has a light receiving device. The light receiving device described above can be used as the light receiving device.
- FIG. 20A shows an example in which sub-pixels are arranged side by side in the X direction, and sub-pixels of the same type are arranged side by side in the Y direction. Note that sub-pixels of different types may be arranged side by side in the Y direction, and sub-pixels of the same type may be arranged side by side in the X direction.
- FIG. 20A shows an example in which the connecting portion 140 is positioned below the display portion when viewed from the top, it is not particularly limited.
- the connecting portion 140 may be provided at least one of the upper side, the right side, the left side, and the lower side of the display portion when viewed from above, and may be provided so as to surround the four sides of the display portion.
- the number of connection parts 140 may be singular or plural.
- FIG. 20B shows a cross-sectional view between dashed line X1-X2 in FIG. 20A.
- the display device 100 includes a light-emitting device 130a, a light-emitting device 130b, a light-emitting device 130c, and a light-receiving device 130d on a layer 101 including transistors. Furthermore, a protective layer 131 and a protective layer 132 are provided to cover these light emitting device and light receiving device. A substrate 120 is bonded onto the protective layer 132 with a resin layer 122 . Also, an insulating layer 125 and an insulating layer 127 on the insulating layer 125 are provided in a region between the adjacent light emitting device and light receiving device.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is a top emission type in which light is emitted in a direction opposite to a substrate over which a light-emitting device is formed, and light is emitted toward a substrate over which a light-emitting device is formed.
- a bottom emission type bottom emission type
- a double emission type dual emission type in which light is emitted from both sides may be used.
- the layer 101 including transistors for example, a stacked structure in which a plurality of transistors are provided on a substrate and an insulating layer is provided to cover these transistors can be applied.
- the layer 101 containing transistors may have recesses between adjacent light emitting devices.
- recesses may be provided in the insulating layer located on the outermost surface of the layer 101 including the transistor.
- the light emitting device 130a, the light emitting device 130b, and the light emitting device 130c each emit light in different wavelength ranges.
- Light-emitting device 130a, light-emitting device 130b, and light-emitting device 130c are preferably a combination that emits three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), for example.
- the light-emitting device 130a includes a pixel electrode 111a on the layer 101 including a transistor, an island-shaped EL layer 113a on the pixel electrode 111a, a common layer 114 on the island-shaped EL layer 113a, and a common electrode on the common layer 114. 115 and .
- the light-emitting device 130b includes a pixel electrode 111b on the layer 101 including a transistor, an island-shaped EL layer 113b on the pixel electrode 111b, a common layer 114 on the island-shaped EL layer 113b, and a common electrode on the common layer 114. 115 and .
- the light-emitting device 130c includes a pixel electrode 111c on the layer 101 including a transistor, an island-shaped EL layer 113c on the pixel electrode 111c, a common layer 114 on the island-shaped EL layer 113c, and a common electrode on the common layer 114. 115 and .
- the light-receiving device 130d includes a pixel electrode 111d on the layer 101 including a transistor, an island-shaped light-receiving layer 113d on the pixel electrode 111d, a common layer 114 on the island-shaped light-receiving layer 113d, and a common electrode on the common layer 114. 115 and .
- the light-emitting device and light-receiving device of each color share the same film as a common electrode.
- the common electrode is electrically connected to the conductive layer provided on the connecting portion 140 . As a result, the same potential is supplied to the common electrodes of the light-emitting devices and light-receiving devices of each color.
- a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, a mixture thereof, or the like can be appropriately used as the pair of electrodes (pixel electrode and common electrode) of the light emitting device and the light receiving device.
- indium tin oxide also referred to as In—Sn oxide, ITO
- In—Si—Sn oxide also referred to as ITSO
- indium zinc oxide In—Zn oxide
- In—W— Zn oxides aluminum-containing alloys (aluminum alloys) such as alloys of aluminum, nickel, and lanthanum (Al-Ni-La)
- Al-Ni-La aluminum-containing alloys
- Al-Ni-La alloys of silver, palladium and copper
- APC alloys of silver, palladium and copper
- elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table of elements not exemplified above e.g., lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr)), europium (Eu), ytterbium
- Yb rare earth metal
- an alloy containing an appropriate combination thereof, graphene, or the like can be used.
- a micro optical resonator (microcavity) structure is preferably applied to the light emitting device. Therefore, one of the pair of electrodes of the light-emitting device preferably has an electrode (semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode) that is transparent and reflective to visible light, and the other is an electrode that is reflective to visible light ( reflective electrode). Since the light-emitting device has a microcavity structure, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be resonated between both electrodes, and the light emitted from the light-emitting device can be enhanced.
- the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode can have a laminated structure of an electrode that reflects visible light and an electrode that transmits visible light (also referred to as a transparent electrode).
- the light transmittance of the transparent electrode is set to 40% or more.
- an electrode having a visible light transmittance of 40% or more is preferably used for a light-emitting device.
- the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode is 10% or more and 95% or less, preferably 30% or more and 80% or less.
- the visible light reflectance of the reflective electrode is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less.
- the resistivity of these electrodes is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm or less.
- the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d are each provided in an island shape.
- Each of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, and the EL layer 113c has a light-emitting layer.
- Each of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, and the EL layer 113c preferably has a light-emitting layer that emits light in different wavelength regions.
- the light receiving layer 113d has an active layer.
- a light-emitting layer is a layer containing a light-emitting substance.
- the emissive layer can have one or more emissive materials.
- As the light-emitting substance a substance exhibiting emission colors such as blue, purple, violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, and red is used as appropriate.
- a substance that emits infrared light can also be used as the light-emitting substance.
- Examples of light-emitting substances include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, TADF materials, and quantum dot materials.
- fluorescent materials include pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, and naphthalene derivatives. be done.
- Examples of phosphorescent materials include organometallic complexes (especially iridium complexes) having a 4H-triazole skeleton, 1H-triazole skeleton, imidazole skeleton, pyrimidine skeleton, pyrazine skeleton, or pyridine skeleton, and phenylpyridine derivatives having an electron-withdrawing group.
- organometallic complexes especially iridium complexes
- platinum complexes, rare earth metal complexes, etc. which are used as ligands, can be mentioned.
- the light-emitting layer may contain one or more organic compounds (host material, assist material, etc.) in addition to the light-emitting substance (guest material).
- One or both of a hole-transporting material and an electron-transporting material can be used as the one or more organic compounds.
- Bipolar materials or TADF materials may also be used as one or more organic compounds.
- the light-emitting layer preferably includes, for example, a phosphorescent material and a combination of a hole-transporting material and an electron-transporting material that easily form an exciplex.
- ExTET Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer
- a combination that forms an exciplex that emits light that overlaps with the wavelength of the absorption band on the lowest energy side of the light-emitting substance energy transfer becomes smooth and light emission can be efficiently obtained. With this configuration, high efficiency, low-voltage driving, and long life of the light-emitting device can be realized at the same time.
- the HOMO level (highest occupied orbital level) of the hole-transporting material is higher than the HOMO level of the electron-transporting material.
- the LUMO level (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level) of the hole-transporting material is equal to or higher than the LUMO level of the electron-transporting material.
- the LUMO and HOMO levels of a material can be derived from the material's electrochemical properties (reduction and oxidation potentials) measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements.
- Formation of the exciplex is performed by comparing, for example, the emission spectrum of the hole-transporting material, the emission spectrum of the electron-transporting material, and the emission spectrum of a mixed film in which these materials are mixed, and the emission spectrum of the mixed film is the emission spectrum of each material. It can be confirmed by observing a phenomenon that the spectrum shifts to a longer wavelength (or has a new peak on the longer wavelength side).
- the transient photoluminescence (PL) of the hole-transporting material, the transient PL of the electron-transporting material, and the transient PL of the mixed film in which these materials are mixed are compared, and the transient PL lifetime of the mixed film is the transient PL of each material.
- the transient PL described above may be read as transient electroluminescence (EL). That is, by comparing the transient EL of a hole-transporting material, the transient EL of a material having an electron-transporting property, and the transient EL of a mixed film thereof, and observing the difference in transient response, the formation of an exciplex can also be confirmed. can do.
- EL transient electroluminescence
- the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, and the EL layer 113c are layers other than the light-emitting layer, which include a substance with a high hole-injection property, a substance with a high hole-transport property, a hole-blocking material, a substance with a high electron-transport property, and a substance with a high electron-transport property.
- a layer containing a highly electron-injecting substance, an electron-blocking material, a bipolar substance (a substance with high electron-transporting and hole-transporting properties), or the like may be further included.
- Both low-molecular-weight compounds and high-molecular-weight compounds can be used in the light-emitting device, and inorganic compounds may be included.
- Each of the layers constituting the light-emitting device can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- each of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, and the EL layer 113c is one of a hole-injection layer, a hole-transport layer, a hole-blocking layer, an electron-blocking layer, an electron-transporting layer, and an electron-injecting layer. You may have more than
- a hole-injection layer a hole-transport layer, a hole-blocking layer, an electron-blocking layer, an electron-transporting layer, and an electron-injecting layer are used as the layer formed in common for each color.
- a carrier injection layer hole injection layer or electron injection layer
- all layers of the EL layer may be formed separately for each color. In other words, the EL layer does not have to have a layer that is commonly formed for each color.
- Each of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, and the EL layer 113c preferably has a light emitting layer and a carrier transport layer on the light emitting layer. As a result, exposure of the light-emitting layer to the outermost surface can be suppressed during the manufacturing process of the display device 100, and damage to the light-emitting layer can be reduced. This can improve the reliability of the light emitting device.
- the hole-injecting layer is a layer that injects holes from the anode into the hole-transporting layer, and contains a material with high hole-injecting properties.
- highly hole-injecting materials include aromatic amine compounds and composite materials containing a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material (electron-accepting material).
- the hole-transporting layer is a layer that transports holes injected from the anode to the light-emitting layer by means of the hole-injecting layer.
- a hole-transporting layer is a layer containing a hole-transporting material.
- the hole-transporting material a substance having a hole mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more is preferable. Note that substances other than these can be used as long as they have a higher hole-transport property than electron-transport property.
- hole-transporting materials include ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.), aromatic amines (compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton), and other highly hole-transporting materials. is preferred.
- ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.
- aromatic amines compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton
- other highly hole-transporting materials is preferred.
- the electron-transporting layer is a layer that transports electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer by the electron-injecting layer.
- the electron-transporting layer is a layer containing an electron-transporting material.
- an electron-transporting material a substance having an electron mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more is preferable. Note that substances other than these substances can be used as long as they have a higher electron-transport property than hole-transport property.
- electron-transporting materials include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, ⁇ electron deficient including oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives with quinoline ligands, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, and other nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds
- a material having a high electron transport property such as a type heteroaromatic compound can be used.
- the electron injection layer is a layer that injects electrons from the cathode to the electron transport layer, and is a layer that contains a material with high electron injection properties.
- Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used as materials with high electron injection properties.
- a composite material containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material (electron-donating material) can also be used as a material with high electron-injecting properties.
- the electron injection layer examples include lithium, cesium, ytterbium, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF x , X is an arbitrary number), and 8-(quinolinolato)lithium (abbreviation: Liq), 2-(2-pyridyl)phenoratritium (abbreviation: LiPP), 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolatritium (abbreviation: LiPPy), 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)pheno Alkali metals such as latolithium (abbreviation: LiPPP), lithium oxide (LiO x ), cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used.
- the electron injection layer may have a laminated structure of two or more layers. As the laminated structure, for example, lithium fluoride can be used for the first layer and ytterbium can be used for the second layer.
- an electron-transporting material may be used as the electron injection layer.
- a compound having a lone pair of electrons and an electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- a compound having at least one of a pyridine ring, diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), and triazine ring can be used.
- the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the organic compound having an unshared electron pair is preferably -3.6 eV or more and -2.3 eV or less.
- CV cyclic voltammetry
- photoelectron spectroscopy optical absorption spectroscopy
- inverse photoelectron spectroscopy etc. are used to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and LUMO level of an organic compound. can be estimated.
- BPhen 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- NBPhen 2,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- HATNA diquinoxalino ⁇ 2,3-a:2′,3′-c>phenazine
- TmPPPyTz 5-triazine
- NBPhen has a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than BPhen and has excellent heat resistance.
- an intermediate layer is provided between the two light emitting units.
- the intermediate layer has a function of injecting electrons into one of the two light-emitting units and holes into the other when a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes.
- a material that can be applied to an electron injection layer such as lithium
- a material applicable to the hole injection layer can be preferably used.
- a layer containing a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material can be used for the intermediate layer.
- a layer containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material can be used for the intermediate layer.
- the active layer contains a semiconductor.
- the semiconductor include inorganic semiconductors such as silicon and organic semiconductors including organic compounds.
- an organic semiconductor is used as the semiconductor included in the active layer.
- the light-emitting layer and the active layer can be formed by the same method (for example, a vacuum deposition method), and a manufacturing apparatus can be shared, which is preferable.
- Electron-accepting organic semiconductor materials such as fullerenes (eg, C 60 , C 70 , etc.) and fullerene derivatives can be used as n-type semiconductor materials for the active layer.
- Fullerenes have a soccer ball-like shape, which is energetically stable.
- Fullerene has both deep (low) HOMO and LUMO levels. Since fullerene has a deep LUMO level, it has an extremely high electron-accepting property (acceptor property). Normally, as in benzene, if the ⁇ -electron conjugation (resonance) spreads in the plane, the electron-donating property (donor property) increases. and the electron acceptability becomes higher.
- a high electron-accepting property is useful as a light-receiving device because charge separation occurs quickly and efficiently.
- Both C 60 and C 70 have broad absorption bands in the visible light region, and C 70 is particularly preferable because it has a larger ⁇ -electron conjugated system than C 60 and has a wide absorption band in the long wavelength region.
- [6,6]-Phenyl-C71-butylic acid methyl ester (abbreviation: PC70BM), [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butylic acid methyl ester (abbreviation: PC60BM), 1′, 1′′,4′,4′′-Tetrahydro-di[1,4]methanonaphthaleno[1,2:2′,3′,56,60:2′′,3′′][5,6]fullerene- C60 (abbreviation: ICBA) etc. are mentioned.
- n-type semiconductor materials include perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives such as N,N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: Me-PTCDI), and 2 ,2′-(5,5′-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene) Dimalononitrile (abbreviation: FT2TDMN) can be mentioned.
- Me-PTCDI N,N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide
- FT2TDMN 2 ,2′-(5,5′-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylid
- n-type semiconductor materials include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, Thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, rhodamine derivatives, triazine derivatives, quinone derivatives, etc. .
- Materials for the p-type semiconductor of the active layer include copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), and tin phthalocyanine.
- electron-donating organic semiconductor materials such as (SnPc), quinacridone, and rubrene.
- Examples of p-type semiconductor materials include carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, and compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton.
- materials for p-type semiconductors include naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, pyrrole derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, benzothiophene derivatives, indole derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, polyphenylenevinylene derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole derivatives, polythiophene derivatives and the like.
- the HOMO level of the electron-donating organic semiconductor material is preferably shallower (higher) than the HOMO level of the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material.
- the LUMO level of the electron-donating organic semiconductor material is preferably shallower (higher) than the LUMO level of the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material.
- a spherical fullerene as the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material, and use an organic semiconductor material with a shape close to a plane as the electron-donating organic semiconductor material. Molecules with similar shapes tend to gather together, and when molecules of the same type aggregate, the energy levels of the molecular orbitals are close to each other, so the carrier transportability can be enhanced.
- the active layer is preferably formed by co-depositing an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor.
- the active layer may be formed by laminating an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor.
- Both low-molecular-weight compounds and high-molecular-weight compounds can be used for the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device, and inorganic compounds may be included.
- the layers constituting the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device can be formed by vapor deposition (including vacuum vapor deposition), transfer, printing, inkjet, coating, and the like.
- hole-transporting materials include polymer compounds such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS), molybdenum oxide, and copper iodide (CuI).
- Inorganic compounds such as can be used.
- an inorganic compound such as zinc oxide (ZnO) can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- PBDB-T polymer compound such as a PBDB-T derivative
- a method of dispersing an acceptor material in PBDB-T or a PBDB-T derivative can be used.
- a third material may be mixed in addition to the n-type semiconductor material and the p-type semiconductor material.
- the third material may be a low-molecular compound or a high-molecular compound.
- the common layer 114 (or the common electrode 115) is any one of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, the pixel electrode 111d, the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light receiving layer 113d.
- Contact with the side surface can be suppressed, and short-circuiting of the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device can be suppressed.
- the insulating layer 125 preferably covers at least side surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d. Furthermore, the insulating layer 125 preferably covers side surfaces of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d. The insulating layer 125 can be in contact with side surfaces of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, the pixel electrode 111d, the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d.
- the insulating layer 127 is provided on the insulating layer 125 so as to fill the recesses formed in the insulating layer 125 .
- the insulating layer 127 overlaps side surfaces of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, the pixel electrode 111d, the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d with the insulating layer 125 interposed therebetween. can be configured.
- one of the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 may not be provided.
- the insulating layer 127 can be in contact with side surfaces of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d.
- the insulating layer 127 can be provided over the layer 101 so as to fill a gap between the EL layer of the light-emitting device and the light-receiving layer of the light-receiving device.
- the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are provided on the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, the light receiving layer 113d, the insulating layer 125, and the insulating layer 127.
- a step is generated between the region where the pixel electrode is provided and the region where the pixel electrode is not provided (the region between the light emitting device and the light receiving device). Since the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 , the steps can be flattened, and coverage with the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a connection failure due to step disconnection of the common electrode 115 . Alternatively, it is possible to prevent the common electrode 115 from being locally thinned due to the steps and increasing the electrical resistance.
- the top surfaces of the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 are set at different heights, respectively. It preferably matches or approximately matches the height of at least one top surface of layer 113d.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 preferably has a flat shape, and may have a convex portion or a concave portion.
- the insulating layer 125 has regions in contact with side surfaces of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d, and functions as a protective insulating layer for the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d. do.
- impurities oxygen, moisture, or the like
- the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d in a cross-sectional view When the width (thickness) of the insulating layer 125 in the region in contact with the side surface of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d in a cross-sectional view is large, the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d are large. The gap between the layers 113d may become large, resulting in a low aperture ratio.
- the width (thickness) of the insulating layer 125 is small, the effect of suppressing the entry of impurities into the interior from the side surfaces of the EL layers 113a, 113b, 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d is reduced.
- the width (thickness) of the insulating layer 125 in the region in contact with the side surface of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d is preferably 3 nm or more and 200 nm or less, more preferably 3 nm or more and 150 nm or less. It is preferably 5 nm or more and 150 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, further preferably 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, further preferably 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the insulating layer 125 can have an inorganic material.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, or a nitride oxide insulating film can be used, for example.
- the insulating layer 125 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- the insulating layer 125 may be formed by a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, or the like. can be done.
- the insulating layer 125 is preferably formed by an ALD method with good coverage.
- the ALD method can be preferably used because it causes less film formation damage on the formation surface.
- oxide insulating film a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, an indium gallium zinc oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a germanium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, and a hafnium oxide. films, tantalum oxide films, and the like.
- the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- oxynitride insulating film a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxynitride film, or the like can be given.
- nitride oxide insulating film a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum nitride oxide film, or the like can be given.
- aluminum oxide is preferable because it has a high etching selectivity with respect to the EL layer and has a function of protecting the EL layer during formation of the insulating layer 127 described later.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon oxide film formed by an ALD method to the insulating layer 125, the insulating layer 125 with few pinholes and an excellent function of protecting the EL layer can be obtained. can be formed.
- oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. point to the material.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. indicates
- the insulating layer 127 provided on the insulating layer 125 has the function of flattening the recesses of the insulating layer 125 formed between adjacent light emitting devices. In other words, the presence of the insulating layer 127 has the effect of improving the flatness of the surface on which the common electrode 115 is formed.
- an insulating layer containing an organic material can be preferably used.
- acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, imide resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, silicone resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene-based resin, phenolic resin, and precursors of these resins are applied. can do.
- an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin may be used for the insulating layer 127 .
- a photosensitive resin can be used as the insulating layer 127 .
- a photoresist may be used as the photosensitive resin.
- a positive material or a negative material can be used for the photosensitive resin.
- the difference between the height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 and the height of the upper surface of any one of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d is, for example, 0.5 times or less the thickness of the insulating layer 127. is preferable, and 0.3 times or less is more preferable. Further, for example, the insulating layer 127 may be provided so that the top surface of any one of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d is higher than the top surface of the insulating layer 127.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 is higher than the upper surface of the light-emitting layers of the EL layers 113a, 113b, and 113c and higher than the upper surface of the active layer of the light-receiving layer 113d.
- An insulating layer 127 may be provided.
- a protective layer 131 and a protective layer 132 on the light emitting device 130a, the light emitting device 130b, the light emitting device 130c, and the light receiving device 130d.
- the conductivity of the protective layers 131 and 132 does not matter. At least one of an insulating film, a semiconductor film, and a conductive film can be used for the protective layers 131 and 132 .
- the protective layers 131 and 132 have inorganic films, the common electrode 115 is prevented from being oxidized. The deterioration of the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device can be suppressed, and the reliability of the display device can be improved.
- inorganic insulating films such as oxide insulating films, nitride insulating films, oxynitride insulating films, and oxynitride insulating films can be used.
- oxide insulating film include a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a germanium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, and the like.
- the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxynitride film, or the like can be given.
- nitride oxide insulating film a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum nitride oxide film, or the like can be given.
- Each of the protective layers 131 and 132 preferably has a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film, and more preferably has a nitride insulating film.
- In—Sn oxide also referred to as ITO
- In—Zn oxide Ga—Zn oxide, Al—Zn oxide, or indium gallium zinc oxide (In—Ga -Zn oxide, also referred to as IGZO) or the like
- the inorganic film preferably has a high resistance, and specifically, preferably has a higher resistance than the common electrode 115 .
- the inorganic film may further contain nitrogen.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 are likely to have high visible light transmittance.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 are likely to have high visible light transmittance.
- ITO, IGZO, and aluminum oxide are preferable because they are inorganic materials with high transparency to visible light.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 have, for example, a stacked structure of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon nitride film over the aluminum oxide film, or a stacked structure of an aluminum oxide film and an IGZO film over the aluminum oxide film.
- a structure or the like can be used. By using the stacked structure, impurities (such as water and oxygen) entering the EL layer can be suppressed.
- the protective layer 131 and the protective layer 132 may have an organic film.
- the protective layer 132 may have both organic and inorganic films.
- the protective layer 131 and the protective layer 132 may be formed using different film formation methods.
- the protective layer 131 may be formed using an ALD method
- the protective layer 132 may be formed using a sputtering method.
- each of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the pixel electrode 111d is not covered with an insulating layer. Therefore, the distance between adjacent light-emitting devices and light-receiving devices can be made very narrow. Therefore, a high-definition or high-resolution display device can be obtained.
- a device manufactured using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- SBS Side By Side
- the material and structure can be optimized for each light-emitting device, so the degree of freedom in selecting the material and structure increases, and it becomes easy to improve luminance and reliability.
- a light emitting device capable of emitting white light is sometimes called a white light emitting device.
- a white light emitting device can be combined with a colored layer (for example, a color filter) to realize a full-color display device.
- light-emitting devices can be broadly classified into single structures and tandem structures.
- a single-structure device preferably has one light-emitting unit between a pair of electrodes, and the light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- the light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- the luminescent color of the first luminescent layer and the luminescent color of the second luminescent layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a configuration in which the entire light emitting device emits white light.
- a light-emitting device having three or more light-emitting layers it is possible to adopt a configuration in which white light is emitted by mixing the light-emitting colors of the respective light-emitting layers.
- a tandem structure device preferably has two or more light-emitting units between a pair of electrodes, and each light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- each light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- a structure in which white light emission is obtained by combining light from the light emitting layers of a plurality of light emitting units may be employed. Note that the structure for obtaining white light emission is the same as the structure of the single structure.
- the light emitting device with the SBS structure can consume less power than the white light emitting device. If it is desired to keep power consumption low, it is preferable to use a light-emitting device with an SBS structure.
- the white light emitting device is preferable because the manufacturing process is simpler than that of the SBS structure light emitting device, so that the manufacturing cost can be lowered or the manufacturing yield can be increased.
- the display device of this embodiment can reduce the distance between the light emitting devices.
- the distance between light-emitting devices, the distance between EL layers, or the distance between pixel electrodes is less than 10 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or less, 2 ⁇ m or less, 1 ⁇ m or less, 500 nm or less, 200 nm or less, 100 nm or less, or 90 nm or less. , 70 nm or less, 50 nm or less, 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, or 10 nm or less.
- the distance between the side surface of the EL layer 113a and the side surface of the EL layer 113b or the distance between the side surface of the EL layer 113b and the side surface of the EL layer 113c is 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m (500 nm). ), more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the display device of the present embodiment can reduce the distance between the light receiving devices.
- the distance between light receiving devices, the distance between light receiving layers, or the distance between pixel electrodes is less than 10 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or less, 2 ⁇ m or less, 1 ⁇ m or less, 500 nm or less, 200 nm or less, 100 nm or less, or 90 nm or less. , 70 nm or less, 50 nm or less, 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, or 10 nm or less.
- the distance between the side surface of the light-receiving layer and the side surface of the adjacent light-receiving layer has a region of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m (500 nm) or less, more preferably 100 nm or less. have.
- the display device of this embodiment can reduce the distance between the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device. Specifically, the distance between the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device, the distance between the EL layer and the light-receiving layer, or the distance between the pixel electrodes is less than 20 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m or less, 5 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or less, 2 ⁇ m or less, or 1 ⁇ m or less.
- 500 nm or less 200 nm or less, 100 nm or less, 90 nm or less, 70 nm or less, 50 nm or less, 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, or 10 nm or less.
- the distance between the side surface of the EL layer 113a and the side surface of the light-receiving layer 113d, the distance between the side surface of the EL layer 113b and the side surface of the light-receiving layer 113d, or the distance between the side surface of the EL layer 113c and the side surface of the light-receiving layer 113d is It has a region of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m (500 nm) or less, more preferably 100 nm or less.
- a light shielding layer may be provided on the surface of the substrate 120 on the resin layer 122 side.
- various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 120 .
- optical members include polarizing plates, retardation plates, light diffusion layers (diffusion films, etc.), antireflection layers, light collecting films, and the like.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use, a shock absorption layer, etc. are arranged on the outside of the substrate 120.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust
- a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt
- a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use
- a shock absorption layer, etc. are arranged.
- Glass, quartz, ceramic, sapphire, resin, metal, alloy, semiconductor, etc. can be used for the substrate 120 .
- a material that transmits the light is used for the substrate on the side from which the light from the light-emitting device is extracted.
- Using a flexible material for the substrate 120 can increase the flexibility of the display device.
- a polarizing plate may be used as the substrate 120 .
- polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resins, acrylic resins, polyimide resins, polymethyl methacrylate resins, polycarbonate (PC) resins, polyethersulfone (PES) resins, respectively.
- resin polyamide resin (nylon, aramid, etc.), polysiloxane resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin, ABS resin, cellulose nanofiber, etc.
- glass having a thickness that is flexible may be used.
- a substrate having high optical isotropy has small birefringence (it can be said that the amount of birefringence is small).
- the absolute value of the retardation (retardation) value of the substrate with high optical isotropy is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and even more preferably 10 nm or less.
- Films with high optical isotropy include triacetylcellulose (TAC, also called cellulose triacetate) films, cycloolefin polymer (COP) films, cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, and acrylic resin films.
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COC cycloolefin copolymer
- the film When a film is used as a substrate, the film may absorb water, which may cause the display panel to wrinkle and change its shape. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film having a low water absorption rate as the substrate. For example, it is preferable to use a film with a water absorption of 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, and even more preferably 0.01% or less.
- various curable adhesives such as photocurable adhesives such as ultraviolet curable adhesives, reaction curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and anaerobic adhesives can be used.
- These adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
- a material with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-liquid mixed type resin may be used.
- an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- materials that can be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting display devices include aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, Examples include metals such as tantalum and tungsten, and alloys containing these metals as main components. A film containing these materials can be used as a single layer or as a laminated structure.
- Conductive oxides such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, gallium-containing zinc oxide, or graphene can be used as the conductive material having translucency.
- metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, and titanium, or alloy materials containing such metal materials can be used.
- a nitride of the metal material eg, titanium nitride
- it is preferably thin enough to have translucency.
- a stacked film of any of the above materials can be used as the conductive layer.
- a laminated film of a silver-magnesium alloy and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be increased.
- conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes that constitute a display device, and conductive layers (conductive layers functioning as pixel electrodes or common electrodes) of light-emitting devices.
- Examples of insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include resins such as acrylic resins and epoxy resins, and inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have an OS transistor and a light-emitting device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- MML metal maskless
- leakage current that can flow through the transistor and leakage current that can flow between adjacent light-emitting devices also referred to as lateral leakage current, side leakage current, or the like
- an observer can observe any one or more of image sharpness, image sharpness, and high contrast ratio.
- a structure in which leakage current that can flow in a transistor and lateral leakage current between light-emitting devices are extremely low enables display with extremely low light leakage during black display (also referred to as pure black display). .
- the arrangement of sub-pixels includes, for example, a stripe arrangement, an S-stripe arrangement, a matrix arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, and a pentile arrangement.
- top surface shapes of sub-pixels include triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), polygons such as pentagons, shapes with rounded corners of these polygons, ellipses, and circles.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region of the light emitting device or the light receiving region of the light receiving device.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 110 shown in FIGS. 21A to 21C.
- a display portion of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix in row and column directions.
- a display portion to which the pixel layouts shown in FIGS. 21A to 21C are applied has a first array in which sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction. Furthermore, the first array is repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a second array in which sub-pixels 110a are repeatedly arranged in the column direction, a third array in which sub-pixels 110b are repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a sub-pixel 110c is repeatedly arranged in the column direction. It has a fourth array and a fifth array in which the sub-pixels 110d are repeatedly arranged in the column direction. Furthermore, the second array, the third array, the fourth array, and the fifth array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- the horizontal direction of the drawing is the row direction and the vertical direction is the column direction in order to explain the layout of pixels in an easy-to-understand manner; however, the row direction and the column direction can be interchanged. . Therefore, in this specification and the like, one of the row direction and the column direction may be referred to as the first direction, and the other of the row direction and the column direction may be referred to as the second direction.
- the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction. Note that when the top surface shape of the display section is rectangular, the first direction and the second direction may not be parallel to the straight line portion of the outline of the display section.
- the shape of the upper surface of the display portion is not limited to a rectangle, and may be a polygon or a curved shape (circle, ellipse, etc.). can be the direction of
- the order of sub-pixels is shown from the left of the drawing in order to explain the layout of pixels in an easy-to-understand manner, but the order is not limited to this, and can be changed to the order from the right.
- the order of sub-pixels is shown from the top of the drawing, it is not limited to this, and can be switched to the order from the bottom.
- “repeatedly arranged” means that the minimum unit of order of sub-pixels is arranged twice or more.
- FIG. 21A is an example in which each sub-pixel has a rectangular top surface shape
- FIG. 21B is an example in which each sub-pixel has a top surface shape connecting two semicircles and a rectangle
- FIG. This is an example where the sub-pixel has an elliptical top surface shape.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel may be a polygonal shape with rounded corners, an elliptical shape, a circular shape, or the like.
- the EL layer or the light-receiving layer is processed into an island shape using a resist mask.
- the resist film formed on the EL layer or light-receiving layer needs to be cured at a temperature lower than the heat-resistant temperature of the EL layer or light-receiving layer. Therefore, curing of the resist film may be insufficient depending on the heat resistance temperature of the material of the EL layer, the heat resistance temperature of the light receiving layer material, and the curing temperature of the resist material.
- a resist film that is insufficiently hardened may take a shape away from the desired shape during processing.
- the top surface shape of the EL layer and light-receiving layer may be a polygonal shape with rounded corners, an elliptical shape, a circular shape, or the like.
- a resist mask having a square top surface is formed, a resist mask having a circular top surface may be formed, and the top surfaces of the EL layer and the light-receiving layer may be circular.
- a technique (Optical Proximity Correction) of correcting the mask pattern in advance so that the design pattern and the transfer pattern match. technology) may be used.
- OPC Optical Proximity Correction
- a pattern for correction is added to a corner portion of a figure on a mask pattern.
- a matrix arrangement is applied to the pixels 110 shown in FIGS. 21D to 21F.
- the display portion of the display device to which the pixel layouts shown in FIGS. and a second array in which the sub-pixels 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged. Further, the first array and the second array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a third array in which the sub-pixels 110a and 110c are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a fourth array in which the sub-pixels 110b and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. , has Furthermore, the third array and the fourth array are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction.
- FIG. 21D is an example in which each sub-pixel has a square top surface shape
- FIG. 21E is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. which have a circular top shape.
- FIG. 21G shows an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 110 has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c) in the upper row (first row) and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110d) in the lower row (second row).
- sub-pixel 110a in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 110b in the middle column (second column), and sub-pixel 110b in the right column (third column). It has pixels 110c and sub-pixels 110d over these three columns.
- FIG. 21G shows a configuration in which sub-pixel 110d is larger than sub-pixels 110a-110c.
- FIG. 21H shows a configuration in which sub-pixel 110b and sub-pixel 110c are larger than sub-pixel 110a, and sub-pixel 110a is larger than sub-pixel 110d.
- Pixel 110 shown in FIG. 21H has two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a and 110d) in the left column (first column), has sub-pixel 110b in the center column (second column), and has sub-pixel 110b in the center column (second column). (third column) has a sub-pixel 110c.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. 21G is applied has a first array in which sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c are repeatedly arranged in the row direction, and sub-pixels 110d in the row direction. and a second array in which is repeatedly arranged. Further, the first array and the second array are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a third array in which the sub-pixels 110a and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a fourth array in which the sub-pixels 110b and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. , and a fifth array in which the sub-pixels 110c and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. Further, the third array, the fourth array, and the fifth array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. 21H is applied includes a first array in which sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c are repeatedly arranged in the row direction, and sub-pixels 110d in the row direction. , and a second array in which the sub-pixels 110b and 110c are repeatedly arranged in this order. Further, the first array and the second array are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a third array in which the sub-pixels 110a and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, a fourth array in which the sub-pixels 110b are repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a third array in which the sub-pixels 110b are repeatedly arranged in the column direction. and a fifth array in which 110c is repeatedly arranged. Further, the third array, the fourth array, and the fifth array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- FIG. 21I shows an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- Pixel 110 has sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, sub-pixel 110c, and three sub-pixels 110d.
- the pixel 110 has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c) in the upper row (first row) and three sub-pixels (three sub-pixels 110d).
- the pixel 110 has two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a and 110d) in the left column (first column) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110b and 110b) in the center column (second column). 110d) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110c, 110d) in the right column (third column).
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. 21I is applied has a first array in which sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c are repeatedly arranged in the row direction, and sub-pixels 110d in the row direction. and a second array in which is repeatedly arranged. Furthermore, the first array and the second array are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a third array in which the sub-pixels 110a and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a fourth array in which the sub-pixels 110b and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. , and a fifth array in which the sub-pixels 110c and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. Furthermore, the third array, the fourth array, and the fifth array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- a pixel 110 shown in FIGS. 21A to 21I is composed of four sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c and 110d.
- the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d have light-emitting devices or light-receiving devices that emit light in different wavelength ranges.
- the sub-pixel 110a is a sub-pixel (R) having a function of emitting red light
- the sub-pixel 110b is a sub-pixel (G) having a function of emitting green light
- the sub-pixel 110c can be a sub-pixel (B) having a function of emitting blue light
- the sub-pixel 110d can be a sub-pixel (PS) having a light receiving function.
- the sub-pixel (R), the sub-pixel (G), the sub-pixel (B), and the sub-pixel (PS) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- the display section includes a second array in which sub-pixels (R) are repeatedly arranged in the column direction, a third array in which sub-pixels (G) are repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a sub-pixel (B) array in the column direction. ) are repeatedly arranged, and a fifth array is arranged in which the sub-pixels (PS) are repeatedly arranged in the column direction. Furthermore, the second array, the third array, the fourth array, and the fifth array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. 22B is applied includes a first array in which sub-pixels (R) and sub-pixels (G) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction, and sub-pixels ( B) and a second array in which the sub-pixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged. Further, the first array and the second array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a third array in which subpixels (R) and subpixels (B) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a subpixel (G) and subpixel (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. and a fourth array arranged. Furthermore, the third array and the fourth array are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. 22C is applied includes a first array in which sub-pixels (R), sub-pixels (G), and sub-pixels (B) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction; and a second array in which the sub-pixels (PS) are repeatedly arranged in the row direction. Further, the first array and the second array are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a third array in which subpixels (R) and subpixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a third array in which subpixels (G) and subpixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. and a fifth array in which sub-pixels (B) and sub-pixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. Further, the third array, the fourth array, and the fifth array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- a display unit of a display device to which the layout of pixels shown in FIG. and a second array in which sub-pixels (PS), sub-pixels (G), and sub-pixels (B) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction. Further, the first array and the second array are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- PS sub-pixels
- G sub-pixels
- B sub-pixels
- the display section includes a third array in which the sub-pixels (R) and the sub-pixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a fourth array in which the sub-pixels (G) are repeatedly arranged in the column direction. , and a fifth array in which the sub-pixels (B) are repeatedly arranged in the column direction. Further, the third array, the fourth array, and the fifth array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. and a second array in which the sub-pixels (PS) are repeatedly arranged in the row direction. Furthermore, the first array and the second array are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a third array in which subpixels (R) and subpixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a third array in which subpixels (G) and subpixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. and a fifth array in which sub-pixels (B) and sub-pixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. Furthermore, the third array, the fourth array, and the fifth array are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- the light emitting areas of the sub-pixels (R), sub-pixels (G) and sub-pixels (B) having light emitting devices may be the same or different.
- the light-emitting area of a sub-pixel having a light-emitting device can be determined according to the lifetime of the light-emitting device. It is preferred that the light-emitting area of a sub-pixel of a short-lived light-emitting device is larger than the light-emitting area of other sub-pixels.
- FIG. 22D shows an example in which the light emitting areas of the sub-pixel (G) and the sub-pixel (B) are larger than the light emitting area of the sub-pixel (R).
- This configuration can be suitably used when the life of the light emitting device that emits green light and the light emitting device that emits blue light is shorter than the life of the light emitting device that emits red light.
- the current density applied to the light-emitting device that emits green light and the light-emitting device that emits blue light included in each sub-pixel is low. life can be extended. In other words, the display device can have high reliability.
- FIGS. 23A and 23B Examples of pixel layouts different from FIGS. 21A to 21I and FIGS. 22A to 22E are shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B.
- FIG. 23A shows four pixels, and shows a configuration in which two adjacent pixels 110A and 110B have different sub-pixels.
- Pixel 110A has three sub-pixels, sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, and sub-pixel 110d, and pixel 110B adjacent to pixel 110A has sub-pixel 110b, sub-pixel 110c, and sub-pixel 110d. That is, pixels 110A including sub-pixels 110a and pixels 110B not including sub-pixels 110a are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction and the row direction. Similarly, pixels 110A that do not include sub-pixels 110c and pixels 110B that include sub-pixels 110c are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction and the row direction.
- the pixel 110A is composed of two rows and two columns, has two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110b and 110d) in the left column (first column), and has one sub-pixel in the right column (second column). It has a pixel (sub-pixel 110a).
- the pixel 110A has two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b) in the lower row (second row). 110d), and sub-pixels 110a are provided over these two rows.
- the pixel 110B is composed of two rows and two columns, has two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110b and 110d) in the left column (first column), and has one sub-pixel in the right column (second column). It has a pixel (sub-pixel 110c).
- the pixel 110A has two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110b and 110c) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110c and 110c) in the lower row (second row). 110d), and sub-pixels 110c are provided over these two rows.
- the pixel shown in FIG. 23A is composed of two pixels, a pixel 110A and a pixel 110B, and has four types of sub-pixels, a sub-pixel 110a, a sub-pixel 110b, a sub-pixel 110c, and a sub-pixel 110d.
- Two pixels, pixel 110A and pixel 110B have one sub-pixel 110a, two sub-pixels 110b, one sub-pixel 110c, and two sub-pixels 110d.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. and a second array ARR2 in which sub-pixels 110d, 110a, 110d and 110c are repeatedly arranged in this order. Further, the first array ARR1 and the second array ARR2 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a third array ARR3 in which the sub-pixels 110b and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a fourth array in which the sub-pixels 110a and 110c are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. and ARR4. Furthermore, the third array ARR3 and the fourth array ARR4 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction.
- sub-pixel 110a preferably has a larger area than both sub-pixels 110b and 110d
- sub-pixel 110c preferably has a larger area than both sub-pixels 110b and 110d.
- the sub-pixel having the largest area in the pixel 110A is different from the sub-pixel having the largest area in the pixel 110B (here, the sub-pixel 110c).
- the light-emitting area of a sub-pixel having a light-emitting device is sometimes referred to as the area of the sub-pixel.
- the light-receiving area of a sub-pixel having a light-receiving device may be referred to as the area of the sub-pixel.
- FIG. 23A shows the sub-pixel 110a and the sub-pixel 110c with the same area and the sub-pixel 110b and the sub-pixel 110d with the same area
- the sub-pixels 110a and 110c may have different areas.
- the sub-pixel 110b and the sub-pixel 110d may have different areas.
- FIG. 23B shows an example where the area of sub-pixel 110b is larger than the area of sub-pixel 110d.
- the pixel 110A and the pixel 110B may have different areas of the sub-pixel 110b and may have different areas of the sub-pixel 110d.
- the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c preferably have light-emitting devices that emit light in different wavelength regions, and the sub-pixel 110d preferably has a light-receiving device.
- the sub-pixel 110a is a sub-pixel (R) having a function of emitting red light
- the sub-pixel 110b is a sub-pixel (G) having a function of emitting green light
- the sub-pixel 110c can be a sub-pixel (B) having a function of emitting blue light
- the sub-pixel 110d can be a sub-pixel (PS) having a light receiving function.
- the pixel 110A includes a sub-pixel (R) having a function of emitting red light, a sub-pixel (G) having a function of emitting green light, and a sub-pixel (PS) having a function of receiving light.
- the pixel 110B includes a subpixel (B) having a function of emitting blue light, a subpixel (G) having a function of emitting green light, and a subpixel (PS) having a light receiving function.
- 1 shows a configuration with
- sub-pixels (G), sub-pixels (R), sub-pixels (G) and sub-pixels (B) are repeated in this order in the row direction.
- the display unit includes a third array ARR3 in which sub-pixels (G) and sub-pixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and sub-pixels (R) and sub-pixels (B) are alternately arranged in the column direction. and a fourth sequence ARR4 arranged repeatedly. Furthermore, the third array ARR3 and the fourth array ARR4 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction.
- FIGS. 24A and 24B show an example in which both the pixel 110A and the pixel 110B are provided with a sub-pixel (PS) including a light-receiving device; however, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. If the light-receiving function does not require high accuracy, pixels that do not include sub-pixels (PS) may be provided. That is, a configuration may be adopted in which pixels including sub-pixels (PS) and pixels not including sub-pixels (PS) are provided.
- PS sub-pixel
- PS sub-pixels
- the area of the sub-pixel (G) having the function of emitting green light is the area of the sub-pixel (R) having the function of emitting red light and the area of the sub-pixel (R) having the function of emitting blue light. is preferably smaller than the area of any of the sub-pixels (B) having . Human luminosity to green is higher than that to red and blue.
- the display device can have excellent balance between (G) and blue (B) and can have high visibility.
- FIGS. 24A and 24B show configurations in which the area of the subpixel (G) is smaller than the areas of the subpixel (R) and the subpixel (B), one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the area of the sub-pixel (R) may be smaller than the areas of the sub-pixel (G) and the sub-pixel (B).
- the area of the sub-pixel having the light emitting device may be determined according to the lifetime of the light emitting device of each color.
- FIGS. 25A and 25B A modification of FIG. 23A is shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. and a second array ARR2 in which sub-pixels 110d, 110a, 110d and 110c are repeatedly arranged in this order. Further, the first array ARR1 and the second array ARR2 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display unit includes a third array ARR3 in which subpixels 110b, 110d, and 110a are repeatedly arranged in this order in the column direction, and a third array ARR3 in which subpixels 110b, 110d, and 110c are arranged in this order in the column direction. and a fourth sequence ARR4 arranged repeatedly. Furthermore, the third array ARR3, the third array ARR3, the fourth array ARR4, and the fourth array ARR4 are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. A second array ARR2 in which sub-pixels 110d, 110a, 110b, and 110c are repeatedly arranged in the direction, and sub-pixels 110b, 110c, 110d, and 110c are arranged in the row direction. It has a third array ARR3 repeatedly arranged in this order, and a fourth array ARR4 repeatedly arranged in the row direction with sub-pixels 110d, 110c, 110b, and 110a in this order. Furthermore, the first array ARR1, the second array ARR2, the third array ARR3, and the fourth array ARR4 are repeatedly arranged in this order in the column direction.
- the display portion includes a fifth array ARR5 in which the sub-pixels 110b and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a sixth array in which the sub-pixels 110a and 110c are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. and ARR6. Furthermore, the fifth array ARR5 and the sixth array ARR6 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction.
- FIGS. 25A and 25B show configuration examples in which a sub-pixel (B) having a function of emitting light and a sub-pixel (PS) having a light-receiving function are applied to the sub-pixel 110d.
- sub-pixels (G), sub-pixels (R), sub-pixels (G), and sub-pixels (B) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction. It has a first array ARR1 and a second array ARR2 in which subpixels (PS), subpixels (R), subpixels (PS), and subpixels (B) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction. Further, the first array ARR1 and the second array ARR2 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction.
- the display unit includes a third array ARR3 in which subpixels (G), subpixels (PS), and subpixels (R) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the column direction; (PS) and a fourth array ARR4 in which sub-pixels (B) are repeatedly arranged in this order. Furthermore, the third array ARR3, the third array ARR3, the fourth array ARR4, and the fourth array ARR4 are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- sub-pixels (G), sub-pixels (R), sub-pixels (PS), and sub-pixels (R) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- the display unit includes a fifth array ARR5 in which sub-pixels (G) and sub-pixels (PS) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and sub-pixels (R) and sub-pixels (B) are alternately arranged in the column direction. and a sixth array ARR6 arranged repeatedly. Furthermore, the fifth array ARR5 and the sixth array ARR6 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction.
- FIG. 27A A modification of FIG. 26A is shown in FIG. 27A.
- a display unit of a display device to which the pixel layout shown in FIG. and a second array ARR2 in which sub-pixels 110d, 110a, 110d and 110c are repeatedly arranged in this order. Further, the first array ARR1 and the second array ARR2 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. Furthermore, the display section may have a third array ARR3 in which the sub-pixels 110a and the sub-pixels 110c are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction. Note that the pixel layout shown in FIG. 27A may be called a diamond layout.
- the display portion includes a fourth array ARR4 in which the sub-pixels 110b and 110d are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and a fifth array in which the sub-pixels 110a and 110c are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction. and ARR5. Further, the fourth array ARR4 and the fifth array ARR5 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction. Further, the display unit has a sixth array ARR6 in which sub-pixels 110b, 110a, 110d, 110b, 110c, and 110d are repeatedly arranged in the column direction in this order. good too.
- FIG. 27A shows a configuration in which the top surface shape of the sub-pixels 110a and 110c is a square with rounded corners, and the top surface shape of the sub-pixels 110b and 110d is a triangle with rounded corners.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel is not particularly limited.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel 110b and the sub-pixel 110d may be a rectangle with rounded corners or a circle.
- FIG. 27A shows a configuration example in which a sub-pixel (B) having a function of emitting light and a sub-pixel (PS) having a light-receiving function are applied to the sub-pixel 110d.
- sub-pixels (G), sub-pixels (R), sub-pixels (G), and sub-pixels (B) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction. It has a first array ARR1 and a second array ARR2 in which subpixels (PS), subpixels (R), subpixels (PS), and subpixels (B) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the row direction.
- the display section may have a third array ARR3 in which sub-pixels (R) and sub-pixels (B) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the row direction.
- sub-pixels (G), sub-pixels (R), sub-pixels (PS), sub-pixels (G), sub-pixels (B), and sub-pixels (PS) are repeatedly arranged in this order in the column direction.
- the display unit may have a fifth array ARR5 in which sub-pixels (R) and sub-pixels (B) are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the column direction, and sub-pixels (G) and sub-pixels (B) are arranged in the column direction.
- PS may have a sixth array ARR6 arranged alternately and repeatedly.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a high-resolution display device or a large-sized display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment includes a relatively large screen such as a television device, a desktop or notebook personal computer, a computer monitor, a digital signage, a large game machine such as a pachinko machine, or the like. In addition to electronic devices, it can be used for display portions of digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, and sound reproducing devices.
- a display panel which is one aspect of a display device, has a function of displaying (outputting) an image or the like on a display surface. Therefore, the display panel is one aspect of the output device.
- the display device has a connector such as a flexible printed circuit board (FPC: Flexible Printed Circuit) or TCP (Tape Carrier Package) attached, or a COG (Chip On Glass) method or a COF (Chip On Glass) method.
- FPC Flexible Printed Circuit
- TCP Transmission Carrier Package
- COG Chip On Glass
- COF Chip On Glass
- a device on which an integrated circuit (IC) is mounted by the Film method or the like is sometimes called a display panel module, a display module, or simply a display panel.
- FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of the display device 100A
- FIG. 29A shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 100A.
- the display device 100A has a configuration in which a substrate 152 and a substrate 151 are bonded together.
- the substrate 152 is clearly indicated by dashed lines.
- the display device 100A has a display section 162, a circuit 164, wiring 165, and the like.
- FIG. 28 shows an example in which an IC 173 and an FPC 172 are mounted on the display device 100A. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 28 can also be said to be a display module including the display device 100A, an IC (integrated circuit), and an FPC.
- a scanning line driving circuit for example, can be used as the circuit 164 .
- the wiring 165 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display section 162 and the circuit 164 .
- the signal and power are input to the wiring 165 from the outside through the FPC 172 or from the IC 173 .
- FIG. 28 shows an example in which the IC 173 is provided on the substrate 151 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method, a COF (Chip on Film) method, or the like.
- a COG Chip On Glass
- COF Chip on Film
- the IC 173 for example, an IC having a scanning line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit can be applied.
- the display device 100A and the display module may be configured without an IC.
- the IC may be mounted on the FPC by the COF method or the like.
- FIG. 29A shows an example of a cross-section of the display device 100A when part of the region including the FPC 172, part of the circuit 164, part of the display section 162, and part of the region including the end are cut. show.
- the display device 100A has a light-emitting device, a light-receiving device, a transistor 207, a transistor 205, etc. between the substrate 151 and the substrate 152.
- FIG. 29A shows a light-emitting device 130a that emits red light, a light-emitting device 130b that emits green light, and a light-receiving device 130d as light-emitting devices and light-receiving devices.
- the three sub-pixels are R, G, and B sub-pixels, and yellow (Y). , cyan (C), and magenta (M).
- the four sub-pixels include R, G, B, and white (W) sub-pixels, and R, G, B, and Y four-color sub-pixels. be done.
- the light-emitting device 130a and the light-emitting device 130b have an optical adjustment layer between the pixel electrode and the EL layer, and the light-receiving device 130d has an optical adjustment layer between the pixel electrode and the light-receiving layer.
- the light emitting device 130a has a conductive layer 126a
- the light emitting device 130b has a conductive layer 126b
- the light receiving device 130d has a conductive layer 126d.
- Embodiment 1 can be referred to for details of the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device.
- a common layer 114 is provided over the EL layer 113 a , the EL layer 113 b , the light-receiving layer 113 d , and the insulating layers 125 and 127 , and a common electrode 115 is provided over the common layer 114 .
- a protective layer 131 is provided on each of the light emitting device 130a, the light emitting device 130b, and the light receiving device 130d.
- a protective layer 132 is provided on the protective layer 131 .
- the protective layer 132 and the substrate 152 are adhered via the adhesive layer 142 .
- a solid sealing structure, a hollow sealing structure, or the like can be applied to sealing the light-emitting device.
- the space between substrates 152 and 151 is filled with an adhesive layer 142 to apply a solid sealing structure.
- the space may be filled with an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) to apply a hollow sealing structure.
- the adhesive layer 142 may be provided so as not to overlap the light emitting device.
- the space may be filled with a resin different from the adhesive layer 142 provided in a frame shape.
- the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, and the pixel electrode 111d are connected to the conductive layer 222b of the transistor 205 through openings provided in the insulating layer 214, respectively.
- a concave portion is formed in the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, and the pixel electrode 111d so as to cover the opening provided in the insulating layer 214 .
- a layer 128 is preferably embedded in the recess. It is preferable to form a conductive layer 126a over the pixel electrode 111a and the layer 128, form a conductive layer 126b over the pixel electrode 111b and the layer 128, and form a conductive layer 126d over the pixel electrode 111d and the layer 128.
- the conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126d can also be called pixel electrodes.
- the layer 128 has a function of planarizing the concave portions of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111d.
- unevenness of the surface on which the EL layer and the light-receiving layer are formed can be reduced, and coverage can be improved.
- conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126d electrically connected to the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111d are provided over the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, 111d, and the layer 128. Therefore, in some cases, the regions overlapping the concave portions of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111d can also be used as light emitting regions. Thereby, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased.
- the layer 128 may be an insulating layer or a conductive layer.
- Various inorganic insulating materials, organic insulating materials, and conductive materials can be used as appropriate for layer 128 .
- layer 128 is preferably formed using an insulating material.
- An insulating layer containing an organic material can be suitably used as the layer 128 .
- an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimideamide resin, a siloxane resin, a benzocyclobutene resin, a phenol resin, precursors of these resins, or the like can be applied.
- a photosensitive resin can be used as the layer 128 .
- a positive material or a negative material can be used for the photosensitive resin.
- the layer 128 can be formed only through exposure and development steps, and dry etching, wet etching, or the like does not affect the surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111d. can be reduced. Further, when the layer 128 is formed using a negative photosensitive resin, the layer 128 can be formed using the same photomask (exposure mask) used for forming the opening of the insulating layer 214 in some cases. be.
- the conductive layer 126 a is provided on the pixel electrode 111 a and the layer 128 .
- the conductive layer 126 a has a first region in contact with the top surface of the pixel electrode 111 a and a second region in contact with the top surface of the layer 128 . It is preferable that the height of the top surface of the pixel electrode 111a in contact with the first region and the height of the top surface of the layer 128 in contact with the second region match or substantially match.
- the conductive layer 126b is provided on the pixel electrode 111b and the layer 128.
- the conductive layer 126 b has a first region in contact with the top surface of the pixel electrode 111 b and a second region in contact with the top surface of the layer 128 .
- the height of the top surface of the pixel electrode 111b in contact with the first region and the height of the top surface of the layer 128 in contact with the second region are preferably the same or substantially the same.
- a conductive layer 126 d is provided on the pixel electrode 111 d and the layer 128 .
- the conductive layer 126d has a first region in contact with the top surface of the pixel electrode 111d and a second region in contact with the top surface of the layer 128 . It is preferable that the height of the top surface of the pixel electrode 111d in contact with the first region and the height of the top surface of the layer 128 in contact with the second region match or substantially match.
- the pixel electrode contains a material that reflects visible light
- the counter electrode contains a material that transmits visible light
- the display device 100A is of the top emission type. Light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 152 side. It is preferable that the substrate 152 be made of a material that is highly transparent to visible light. More preferably, the substrate 152 is made of a material having high visible light and infrared light transmittance. Light enters the light receiving device through the substrate 152 .
- a stacked structure from the substrate 151 to the insulating layer 214 corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor described in Embodiment Mode 2 and the like.
- Both the transistor 207 and the transistor 205 are formed over the substrate 151 . These transistors can be made with the same material and the same process.
- An insulating layer 217, an insulating layer 213, an insulating layer 215, and an insulating layer 214 are provided on the substrate 151 in this order.
- Part of the insulating layer 217 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor.
- Part of the insulating layer 213 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor.
- An insulating layer 215 is provided over the transistor.
- An insulating layer 214 is provided over the transistor and functions as a planarization layer. Note that the number of gate insulating layers and the number of insulating layers covering a transistor are not limited, and each may have a single layer or two or more layers.
- a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen are difficult to diffuse for at least one insulating layer covering the transistor.
- Inorganic insulating films are preferably used for the insulating layer 217, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 215, respectively.
- As the inorganic insulating film for example, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, an aluminum nitride film, or the like can be used.
- a hafnium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, or the like may be used.
- two or more of the insulating films described above may be laminated and used.
- the organic insulating film preferably has openings near the ends of the display device 100A. As a result, it is possible to prevent impurities from entering through the organic insulating film from the end portion of the display device 100A.
- the organic insulating film may be formed so that the edges of the organic insulating film are located inside the edges of the display device 100A so that the organic insulating film is not exposed at the edges of the display device 100A.
- An organic insulating film is suitable for the insulating layer 214 that functions as a planarization layer.
- materials that can be used for the organic insulating film include acrylic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, polyamide resins, polyimideamide resins, siloxane resins, benzocyclobutene-based resins, phenolic resins, precursors of these resins, and the like.
- the insulating layer 214 may have a laminated structure of an organic insulating film and an inorganic insulating film. The outermost layer of the insulating layer 214 preferably functions as an etching protection film.
- the insulating layer 214 may be provided with recesses during processing of the pixel electrode 111a, the conductive layer 126a, or the like.
- An opening is formed in the insulating layer 214 in a region 228 shown in FIG. 29A.
- the transistors 207 and 205 include a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate, an insulating layer 217 functioning as a gate insulating layer, conductive layers 222a and 222b functioning as a source and a drain, a semiconductor layer 231, and an insulating layer functioning as a gate insulating layer. It has a layer 213 and a conductive layer 223 that functions as a gate. Here, the same hatching pattern is applied to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.
- the insulating layer 217 is located between the conductive layer 221 and the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the insulating layer 213 is located between the conductive layer 223 and the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment.
- a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, an inverted staggered transistor, or the like can be used.
- the transistor structure may be either a top-gate type or a bottom-gate type.
- gates may be provided above and below a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- a structure in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied to the transistors 207 and 205 .
- a transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and applying the same signal to them.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor may be controlled by applying a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and applying a potential for driving to the other.
- Crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for a transistor is not particularly limited, either an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor partially including a crystal region). may be used. It is preferable to use a crystalline semiconductor because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
- a semiconductor layer of a transistor preferably includes a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor).
- the display device of this embodiment preferably uses a transistor including a metal oxide for a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor).
- the semiconductor layer of the transistor may comprise silicon. Examples of silicon include amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon (low-temperature polysilicon, monocrystalline silicon, etc.).
- the semiconductor layer includes, for example, indium and M (M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, one or more selected from hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium) and zinc.
- M is preferably one or more selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, and tin.
- an oxide also referred to as IGZO
- IGZO oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn)
- IAZO oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn)
- IAGZO oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) may be used for the semiconductor layer.
- the atomic ratio of In in the In-M-Zn oxide is preferably equal to or higher than the atomic ratio of M.
- the transistor included in the circuit 164 and the transistor included in the display portion 162 may have the same structure or different structures.
- the plurality of transistors included in the circuit 164 may all have the same structure, or may have two or more types.
- the structures of the plurality of transistors included in the display portion 162 may all be the same, or may be of two or more types.
- 29B and 29C show other configuration examples of the transistor.
- the transistors 209 and 210 each include a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate, an insulating layer 217 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231 having a channel formation region 231i and a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, and one of the pair of low-resistance regions 231n.
- a conductive layer 222a connected to a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, a conductive layer 222b connected to the other of a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, an insulating layer 225 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a conductive layer 223 functioning as a gate, and an insulating layer 215 covering the conductive layer 223 have
- the insulating layer 217 is located between the conductive layer 221 and the channel formation region 231i.
- the insulating layer 225 is located at least between the conductive layer 223 and the channel formation region 231i.
- an insulating layer 218 may be provided to cover the transistor.
- the transistor 209 shown in FIG. 29B shows an example in which the insulating layer 225 covers the top surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the conductive layers 222a and 222b are connected to the low-resistance region 231n through openings provided in the insulating layers 225 and 215, respectively.
- One of the conductive layers 222a and 222b functions as a source and the other functions as a drain.
- the insulating layer 225 overlaps the channel formation region 231i of the semiconductor layer 231 and does not overlap the low resistance region 231n.
- the insulating layer 215 is provided to cover the insulating layer 225 and the conductive layer 223, and the conductive layers 222a and 222b are connected to the low-resistance regions 231n through openings in the insulating layer 215, respectively.
- a connecting portion 204 is provided in a region of the substrate 151 where the substrate 152 does not overlap.
- the wiring 165 is electrically connected to the FPC 172 via the conductive layer 166 and the connecting layer 242 .
- the conductive layer 166 is obtained by processing the same conductive film as the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111d and the same conductive film as the conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126d. An example of a laminated structure of the obtained conductive film is shown.
- the conductive layer 166 is exposed on the upper surface of the connecting portion 204 . Thereby, the connecting portion 204 and the FPC 172 can be electrically connected via the connecting layer 242 .
- a light shielding layer 117 is preferably provided on the surface of the substrate 152 on the substrate 151 side.
- various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 152 .
- optical members include polarizing plates, retardation plates, light diffusion layers (diffusion films, etc.), antireflection layers, light collecting films, and the like.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use, a shock absorption layer, etc. are arranged on the outside of the substrate 152.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust
- a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt
- a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use
- a shock absorption layer, etc. are arranged.
- the protective layers 131 and 132 that cover the light-emitting device By providing the protective layers 131 and 132 that cover the light-emitting device, it is possible to prevent impurities such as water from entering the light-emitting device and improve the reliability of the light-emitting device.
- the insulating layer 215 and the protective layer 131 or 132 are in contact with each other through the opening of the insulating layer 214 in the region 228 near the edge of the display device 100A.
- the inorganic insulating films are in contact with each other. This can prevent impurities from entering the display section 162 from the outside through the organic insulating film. Therefore, the reliability of the display device 100A can be improved.
- the substrates 151 and 152 glass, quartz, ceramics, sapphire, resins, metals, alloys, semiconductors, etc. can be used, respectively.
- a material that transmits the light is used for the substrate on the side from which the light from the light-emitting device is extracted.
- the flexibility of the display device can be increased.
- a polarizing plate may be used as the substrate 151 or the substrate 152 .
- polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resins, acrylic resins, polyimide resins, polymethyl methacrylate resins, polycarbonate (PC) resins, and polyether resins are used, respectively.
- PES resin Sulfone (PES) resin, polyamide resin (nylon, aramid, etc.), polysiloxane resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, ABS resin, cellulose nanofiber, or the like can be used.
- PES polyamide resin
- aramid polysiloxane resin
- polystyrene resin polyamideimide resin
- polyurethane resin polyvinyl chloride resin
- polyvinylidene chloride resin polypropylene resin
- PTFE resin polytetrafluoroethylene
- ABS resin cellulose nanofiber, or the like
- One or both of the substrates 151 and 152 may be made of glass having a thickness sufficient to be flexible.
- a substrate having high optical isotropy has small birefringence (it can be said that the amount of birefringence is small).
- the absolute value of the retardation (retardation) value of the substrate with high optical isotropy is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and even more preferably 10 nm or less.
- Films with high optical isotropy include triacetylcellulose (TAC, also called cellulose triacetate) films, cycloolefin polymer (COP) films, cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, and acrylic resin films.
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COC cycloolefin copolymer
- the film When a film is used as a substrate, the film may absorb water, which may cause the display panel to wrinkle and change its shape. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film having a low water absorption rate as the substrate. For example, it is preferable to use a film with a water absorption of 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, and even more preferably 0.01% or less.
- various curable adhesives such as photocurable adhesives such as ultraviolet curable adhesives, reaction curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and anaerobic adhesives can be used.
- These adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
- a material with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-liquid mixed type resin may be used.
- an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- connection layer 242 an anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic Conductive Paste), or the like can be used.
- ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film
- ACP Anisotropic Conductive Paste
- materials that can be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting display devices include aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, Examples include metals such as tantalum and tungsten, and alloys containing these metals as main components. A film containing these materials can be used as a single layer or as a laminated structure.
- conductive oxides such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide containing gallium, or graphene can be used.
- metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, and titanium, or alloy materials containing such metal materials can be used.
- a nitride of the metal material eg, titanium nitride
- it is preferably thin enough to have translucency.
- a stacked film of any of the above materials can be used as the conductive layer.
- a laminated film of a silver-magnesium alloy and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be increased.
- conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes that constitute a display device, and conductive layers (conductive layers functioning as pixel electrodes or common electrodes) of light-emitting devices.
- Examples of insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include resins such as acrylic resins and epoxy resins, and inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide.
- a display device 100B shown in FIG. 30 is mainly different from the display device 100A in that it is a bottom emission type. Note that the description of the same parts as those of the display device 100A will be omitted.
- the light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 151 side.
- the substrate 151 be made of a material that is highly transparent to visible light. More preferably, the substrate 151 is made of a material having high visible light and infrared light transmittance. On the other hand, the material used for the substrate 152 may or may not be translucent. Light enters the light receiving device through the substrate 151 .
- a light shielding layer 117 is preferably formed between the substrate 151 and the transistor 207 and between the substrate 151 and the transistor 205 .
- 30 shows an example in which a light-blocking layer 117 is provided over a substrate 151, an insulating layer 153 is provided over the light-blocking layer 117, and transistors 207, 205, and the like are provided over the insulating layer 153.
- FIG. 30 shows an example in which a light-blocking layer 117 is provided over a substrate 151, an insulating layer 153 is provided over the light-blocking layer 117, and transistors 207, 205, and the like are provided over the insulating layer 153.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a high-definition display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment includes, for example, information terminals (wearable devices) such as a wristwatch type and a bracelet type, devices for VR such as a head-mounted display, devices for AR such as glasses, and the like. It can be used for the display part of wearable equipment.
- information terminals wearable devices
- VR such as a head-mounted display
- AR such as glasses
- the display module 280 has a display device 100C and an FPC 290 .
- the display device included in the display module 280 is not limited to the display device 100C, and may be a display device 100D or a display device 100E, which will be described later.
- the display module 280 has substrates 291 and 292 .
- the display module 280 has a display section 281 .
- the display unit 281 is an area for displaying an image in the display module 280, and is an area where light from each pixel provided in the pixel unit 284, which will be described later, can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 31B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 291 side.
- a circuit section 282 , a pixel circuit section 283 on the circuit section 282 , and a pixel section 284 on the pixel circuit section 283 are stacked on the substrate 291 .
- a terminal portion 285 for connecting to the FPC 290 is provided on a portion of the substrate 291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 284 .
- the terminal portion 285 and the circuit portion 282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel section 284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 284a. An enlarged view of one pixel 284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 31B.
- the pixel 284a has a light-emitting device 130a, a light-emitting device 130b, a light-emitting device 130c, and a light-receiving device 130d that emit light of different colors.
- the light emitting devices and light receiving devices can be arranged in a stripe arrangement as shown in FIG. 31B.
- various light emitting device arrangement methods such as delta arrangement or pentile arrangement can be applied.
- the pixel circuit section 283 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixel circuits 283a.
- One pixel circuit 283a is a circuit that controls light emission from a light emitting device and light reception from a light receiving device included in one pixel 284a. For example, if one pixel 284a has three light-emitting devices and one light-receiving device, one pixel circuit 283a is a circuit that controls light emission from three light-emitting devices and light reception from one light-receiving device. One pixel circuit 283a may be provided with three circuits for controlling light emission of one light emitting device and one circuit for controlling light reception by one light receiving device. For example, the pixel circuit 283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (driving transistor), and a capacitive element for each light emitting device.
- a gate signal is input to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is input to either the source or the drain of the selection transistor.
- a gate signal is input to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is input to either the source or the drain of the selection transistor.
- the circuit section 282 has a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 .
- a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 For example, it is preferable to have one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit.
- at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like may be provided.
- the FPC 290 functions as wiring for supplying a video signal, power supply potential, or the like to the circuit section 282 from the outside. Also, an IC may be mounted on the FPC 290 .
- the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 281 is extremely high. can be higher.
- the aperture ratio of the display section 281 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the pixels 284a can be arranged at an extremely high density, and the definition of the display portion 281 can be extremely high.
- the pixels 284a are arranged with a high definition.
- a display module 280 Since such a display module 280 has extremely high definition, it can be suitably used for devices for VR such as head-mounted displays, or glasses-type devices for AR. For example, even in the case of a configuration in which the display portion of the display module 280 is viewed through a lens, the display module 280 has an extremely high-definition display portion 281, so pixels cannot be viewed even if the display portion is enlarged with the lens. , a highly immersive display can be performed. Moreover, the display module 280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used for electronic equipment having a relatively small display unit. For example, it can be suitably used for a display part of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.
- the substrate 301 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 31A and 31B.
- a transistor 310 is a transistor having a channel formation region in the substrate 301 .
- the substrate 301 for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate can be used.
- Transistor 310 includes a portion of substrate 301 , conductive layer 311 , low resistance region 312 , insulating layer 313 and insulating layer 314 .
- the conductive layer 311 functions as a gate electrode.
- An insulating layer 313 is located between the substrate 301 and the conductive layer 311 and functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the low-resistance region 312 is a region in which the substrate 301 is doped with impurities and functions as either a source or a drain.
- the insulating layer 314 is provided to cover the side surface of the conductive layer 311 and functions as an insulating layer.
- a device isolation layer 315 is provided between two adjacent transistors 310 so as to be embedded in the substrate 301 .
- An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 , and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
- the capacitor 240 has a conductive layer 241, a conductive layer 245, and an insulating layer 243 positioned therebetween.
- the conductive layer 241 functions as one electrode of the capacitor 240
- the conductive layer 245 functions as the other electrode of the capacitor 240
- the insulating layer 243 functions as the dielectric of the capacitor 240 .
- the conductive layer 241 is provided on the insulating layer 261 and embedded in the insulating layer 254 .
- Conductive layer 241 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 310 by plug 271 embedded in insulating layer 261 .
- An insulating layer 243 is provided over the conductive layer 241 .
- the conductive layer 245 is provided in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 241 with the insulating layer 243 provided therebetween.
- An insulating layer 255a is provided to cover the capacitor 240, an insulating layer 255b is provided on the insulating layer 255a, and a light emitting device 130a, a light emitting device 130b, a light emitting device 130c, a light receiving device 130d, etc. are provided on the insulating layer 255b.
- An insulator is provided in a region between adjacent light emitting elements. For example, in FIG. 32, an insulating layer 125 and an insulating layer 127 over the insulating layer 125 are provided in the region.
- a mask layer 118a is located on the EL layer 113a of the light emitting device 130a, a mask layer 118b is located on the EL layer 113b of the light emitting device 130b, and an EL layer 113c of the light emitting device 130c is:
- the mask layer 118c is located, and the mask layer 118d is located on the light receiving layer 113d of the light receiving device 130d.
- the conductive layer 111a, the conductive layer 111b, the conductive layer 111c, and the conductive layer 111d are the plug 256 embedded in the insulating layer 243, the insulating layer 255a, and the insulating layer 255b, the conductive layer 241 embedded in the insulating layer 254, and the insulating layer. It is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 310 by plug 271 embedded in layer 261 .
- the height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 255b and the height of the upper surface of the plug 256 match or substantially match.
- Various conductive materials can be used for the plug.
- the pixel electrode of the light-emitting element has a stacked structure of a plurality of layers.
- the pixel electrodes of the light emitting device are composed of conductive layers 111a, 111b, 111c and 111d; It has a laminated structure of
- the conductive layers 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d are, for example, the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112b.
- the conductive layer 112c and the conductive layer 112d have a higher reflectance to visible light, and the conductive layer 112a, the conductive layer 112b, the conductive layer 112c, and the conductive layer 112d work more than the conductive layer 111a, the conductive layer 111b, the conductive layer 111c, and the conductive layer 111d, for example. It can be a layer with a large function.
- the higher the reflectance of the pixel electrode to visible light the more it is possible to suppress the transmission of light emitted from the EL layer through the pixel electrode. Become. Further, when the pixel electrode functions as an anode, the higher the work function of the pixel electrode, the higher the luminous efficiency of the EL layer.
- the pixel electrodes of the light-emitting element are composed of the conductive layers 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d each having a high reflectance with respect to visible light, and the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c each having a high work function.
- the light-emitting element can have high light-extraction efficiency and high light-emitting efficiency.
- the conductive layer 111a, the conductive layer 111b, the conductive layer 111c, and the conductive layer 111d have a higher reflectance to visible light than the conductive layer 112a, the conductive layer 112b, the conductive layer 112c, and the conductive layer 112d, the conductive layer 111a and the conductive layer 111d
- the visible light reflectance of the layer 111b, the conductive layer 111c, and the conductive layer 111d is preferably, for example, 40% or more and 100% or less, or 70% or more and 100% or less.
- the conductive layer 112a, the conductive layer 112b, the conductive layer 112c, and the conductive layer 112d can be transparent electrodes, and can have a visible light transmittance of, for example, 40% or more.
- the conductive layer 111a, the conductive layer 111b, the conductive layer 111c, and the conductive layer 111d included in the light-emitting device are layers having high reflectance with respect to light emitted from the EL layer.
- the conductive layers 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d can be layers with high reflectance to infrared light.
- the conductive layers 112a, 112b, 112c, and 112d have a higher work function than, for example, the conductive layers 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d. It can be a small layer.
- the pixel electrode when the pixel electrode has a laminated structure of a plurality of layers, the pixel electrode may deteriorate due to, for example, a reaction between the layers.
- a chemical solution may come into contact with the pixel electrode.
- galvanic corrosion may occur due to contact of the plurality of layers with a chemical solution.
- at least one of the layers forming the pixel electrode may be degraded. Therefore, the yield of the display device is lowered, and the manufacturing cost of the display device is increased in some cases. Moreover, the reliability of the display device may be lowered.
- the conductive layers 112a, 112b, 112c and 112d are formed so as to cover the top and side surfaces of the conductive layers 111a, 111b, 111c and 111d.
- a film formed after forming a pixel electrode having the conductive layer 111a, the conductive layer 111b, the conductive layer 111c, and the conductive layer 111d, and the conductive layer 112a, the conductive layer 112b, the conductive layer 112c, and the conductive layer 112d is Even in the case of removing by wet etching, the chemical solution can be prevented from contacting the conductive layers 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d.
- the display device 100C can be manufactured by a method with high yield, the display device can be manufactured at a low cost. In addition, since the occurrence of defects in the display device 100C can be suppressed, the display device 100C can be a highly reliable display device.
- a metal material for example, can be used for the conductive layer 111a, the conductive layer 111b, the conductive layer 111c, and the conductive layer 111d.
- an oxide containing at least one selected from indium, tin, zinc, gallium, titanium, aluminum, and silicon can be used.
- indium zinc oxide containing silicon has a large work function, for example, a work function of 4.0 eV or more, and thus can be suitably used for the conductive layers 112a, 112b, 112c, and 112d.
- the mask layer 118a is positioned on the EL layer 113a of the light emitting device 130a
- the mask layer 118b is positioned on the EL layer 113b of the light emitting device 130a
- the mask layer 118b is positioned on the EL layer 113b of the light emitting device 130c.
- a mask layer 118c is positioned on the EL layer 113c of the light-receiving device 130d
- a mask layer 118d is positioned on the light-receiving layer 113d of the light-receiving device 130d.
- the mask layer 118a is a part of the mask layer which is provided in contact with the upper surface of the EL layer 113a when the EL layer 113a is processed.
- the mask layer 118b, the mask layer 118c, and the mask layer 118d are the same as the mask layer 118a. In this way, the display device 100C may partially retain the mask layer used to protect the EL layer during its manufacture. Note that the mask layer 118a, the mask layer 118b, the mask layer 118c, and the mask layer 118d may be collectively referred to as the mask layer 118 below.
- one edge of the mask layer 118a is aligned or substantially aligned with the edge of the EL layer 113a and the edge of the conductive layer 112a. That is, the edges of the conductive layer 112a are aligned or substantially aligned with the edges of the EL layer 113a.
- the mask layer 118b, the mask layer 118c, and the mask layer 118d are the same as the mask layer 118a.
- the other end of mask layer 118a is located on EL layer 113a.
- the other end of the mask layer 118a preferably overlaps with the conductive layer 111a.
- the other end of the mask layer 118a is likely to be formed on the substantially flat surface of the EL layer 113a.
- the mask layer 118b, the mask layer 118c, and the mask layer 118d are the same as the mask layer 118a.
- the ends are aligned or substantially aligned, and when the top surface shapes are matched or substantially matched, at least part of the outline overlaps between the laminated layers when viewed from the top.
- the upper layer and the lower layer may be processed with the same mask pattern or partially with the same mask pattern.
- the contours do not overlap, and the upper layer may be located inside the lower layer, or the upper layer may be located outside the lower layer, and in this case also, the edges are roughly aligned, or the top surface shape are said to roughly match.
- Each side surface of the EL layer 113R, the EL layer 113G, and the EL layer 113B is covered with an insulating layer 125. As shown in FIG. The insulating layer 127 overlaps with each side surface of the EL layer 113R, the EL layer 113G, and the EL layer 113B with the insulating layer 125 interposed therebetween.
- each of the EL layer 113a, EL layer 113b, EL layer 113c, and light-receiving layer 113d is covered with a mask layer 118a, a mask layer 118b, a mask layer 118c, and a mask layer 118d.
- the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 are part of the upper surface of each of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d through the mask layers 118a, 118b, 118c, and 118d. overlaps with
- Part of the top surface and side surfaces of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d are covered with the insulating layer 125, the insulating layer 127, and the mask layer 118 (mask layer 118a, mask layer 118b, mask layer 118c, mask The layer 118d) prevents the common layer 114 or the common electrode 115 from contacting side surfaces of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d.
- a short circuit of the devices 130 (light-emitting device 130a, light-emitting device 130b, light-emitting device 130c, light-receiving device 130d) can be suppressed. Thereby, the reliability of the light emitting device 130 and the like can be improved.
- the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d can have different thicknesses.
- the insulating layer 125 is preferably in contact with side surfaces of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d. This can prevent film peeling of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d. Adhesion between the insulating layer 125 and the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d has the effect of fixing or bonding the adjacent EL layers 113R and the like by the insulating layer 125. . Thereby, the reliability of the light emitting device 130 can be improved. Moreover, the production yield of the light-emitting device can be increased.
- the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 cover both part of the upper surface and side surfaces of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d. film peeling can be further prevented, and the reliability of the light-emitting device 130 can be improved. In addition, the production yield of the light emitting device 130 (the light emitting devices 130a to 130c and the light receiving device 130d) can be further increased.
- FIG. 32 shows an example in which a layered structure of an EL layer 113R, a mask layer 118a, an insulating layer 125, and an insulating layer 127 is positioned on the edge of the conductive layer 112R.
- a stacked structure of an EL layer 113b, a mask layer 118b, an insulating layer 125, and an insulating layer 127 is located over the end of the conductive layer 112b, and the EL layer 113c and the mask are located over the end of the conductive layer 112c.
- a laminate structure of layer 118c, insulating layer 125, and insulating layer 127 is located.
- the insulating layer 127 is provided on the insulating layer 125 so as to fill the recess formed in the insulating layer 125 .
- the insulating layer 127 can overlap with part of the top surface and the side surface of each of the EL layer 113a, the EL layer 113b, the EL layer 113c, and the light-receiving layer 113d with the insulating layer 125 interposed therebetween.
- the insulating layer 127 preferably covers at least part of the side surfaces of the insulating layer 125 .
- the space between adjacent island-shaped layers can be filled; can reduce the extreme unevenness of the surface and make it more flat. Therefore, coverage of the carrier injection layer, the common electrode, and the like can be improved.
- a protective layer 131 is provided on the light emitting device 130a, the light emitting device 130b, the light emitting device 130c, and the light receiving device 130d.
- a substrate 120 is bonded onto the protective layer 131 with a resin layer 122 . Details of the components from the light emitting device to the substrate 120 can be referred to the above description.
- various inorganic insulating films such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, and a nitride oxide insulating film can be preferably used.
- an oxide insulating film or an oxynitride insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or an aluminum oxide film is preferably used.
- a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film such as a silicon nitride film or a silicon nitride oxide film is preferably used.
- a silicon oxide film as the insulating layer 255a and a silicon nitride film as the insulating layer 255b.
- the insulating layer 255b preferably functions as an etching protection film.
- a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film may be used as the insulating layer 255a, and an oxide insulating film or an oxynitride insulating film may be used as the insulating layer 255b.
- an example in which the insulating layer 255b is provided with the recessed portion is shown; however, the insulating layer 255b may not be provided with the recessed portion.
- the pixel electrode of the light emitting device is connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 310 by plugs 256 embedded in insulating layers 255a, 255b, conductive layers 241 embedded in insulating layers 254, and plugs 271 embedded in insulating layers 261. is electrically connected to The height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 255b and the height of the upper surface of the plug 256 match or substantially match.
- Various conductive materials can be used for the plug.
- FIG. 33A shows an example in which the side surface of the insulating layer 255b (the part surrounded by the dashed line in FIG. 33A) is vertical in the region overlapping the end of the conductive layer 111 (111a to 111d) in FIG.
- FIG. 33B shows an example in which the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 has a shape in which the center and its vicinity are depressed in a cross-sectional view, that is, has a concave curved surface.
- the stress of the insulating layer 127 can be relieved by providing the insulating layer 127 with a concave curved surface in the central portion.
- the central portion of the insulating layer 127 has a concave curved surface, so that local stress generated at the end portions of the insulating layer 127 is relieved, and the EL layers 113a and 113b and the mask layer are formed. Any one of film peeling between the mask layers 118a and 118b, film peeling between the mask layers 118a and 118b and the insulating layer 125, and film peeling between the insulating layers 125 and 127. Or a plurality can be suppressed.
- a multi-tone mask is a mask that allows three exposure levels to be applied to an exposed portion, an intermediately exposed portion, and an unexposed portion, and is an exposure mask in which transmitted light has a plurality of intensities.
- the insulating layer 127 having a plurality of (typically two) thickness regions can be formed with one photomask (single exposure and development steps).
- the line width of the mask positioned on the concave curved surface is made smaller than the line width of the exposed portion, thereby forming regions with a plurality of thicknesses.
- An insulating layer 127 can be formed.
- the method of forming the insulating layer 127 to have a concave curved surface in the central portion is not limited to the above.
- an exposed portion and an intermediately exposed portion may be separately manufactured using two photomasks.
- the viscosity of the resin material used for the insulating layer 127 may be adjusted.
- the viscosity of the material used for the insulating layer 127 may be 10 cP or less, preferably 1 cP or more and 5 cP or less.
- the central concave curved surface of the insulating layer 127 does not necessarily have to be continuous, and may be discontinued between adjacent light emitting elements. In this case, a part of the insulating layer 127 disappears at the central portion of the insulating layer 127 shown in FIG. 33B, and the surface of the insulating layer 125 is exposed.
- the shape of the insulating layer 127 may be such that the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 can cover the insulating layer 127 .
- a display device 100D shown in FIG. 34 is mainly different from the display device 100C in that the configuration of transistors is different. Note that the description of the same parts as those of the display device 100C may be omitted.
- the transistor 320 is a transistor (OS transistor) in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- OS transistor a transistor in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- the transistor 320 has a semiconductor layer 321 , an insulating layer 323 , a conductive layer 324 , a pair of conductive layers 325 , an insulating layer 326 , and a conductive layer 327 .
- the substrate 331 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 31A and 31B.
- a stacked structure from the substrate 331 to the insulating layer 255b corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in Embodiment 1.
- An insulating layer 332 is provided on the substrate 331 .
- the insulating layer 332 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate 331 into the transistor 320 and oxygen from the semiconductor layer 321 toward the insulating layer 332 side.
- a film into which hydrogen or oxygen is less likely to diffuse than a silicon oxide film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon nitride film, can be used.
- a conductive layer 327 is provided over the insulating layer 332 , and an insulating layer 326 is provided to cover the conductive layer 327 .
- the conductive layer 327 functions as a first gate electrode of the transistor 320, and part of the insulating layer 326 functions as a first gate insulating layer.
- An oxide insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is preferably used for at least a portion of the insulating layer 326 that is in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 .
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 326 is preferably planarized.
- the semiconductor layer 321 is provided on the insulating layer 326 .
- the semiconductor layer 321 preferably includes a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) film having semiconductor characteristics.
- a pair of conductive layers 325 are provided on and in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 and function as a source electrode and a drain electrode.
- An insulating layer 328 is provided covering the top and side surfaces of the pair of conductive layers 325 and the side surface of the semiconductor layer 321, and the insulating layer 264 is provided on the insulating layer 328.
- the insulating layer 328 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the semiconductor layer 321 from the insulating layer 264 or the like and oxygen from leaving the semiconductor layer 321 .
- an insulating film similar to the insulating layer 332 can be used as the insulating layer 328.
- An opening reaching the semiconductor layer 321 is provided in the insulating layer 328 and the insulating layer 264 .
- the insulating layer 323 and the conductive layer 324 are buried in contact with the side surfaces of the insulating layer 264 , the insulating layer 328 , and the conductive layer 325 and the top surface of the semiconductor layer 321 .
- the conductive layer 324 functions as a second gate electrode, and the insulating layer 323 functions as a second gate insulating layer.
- the top surface of the conductive layer 324, the top surface of the insulating layer 323, and the top surface of the insulating layer 264 are planarized so that their heights are the same or substantially the same, and the insulating layers 329 and 265 are provided to cover them. ing.
- the insulating layers 264 and 265 function as interlayer insulating layers.
- the insulating layer 329 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the transistor 320 from the insulating layer 265 or the like.
- an insulating film similar to the insulating layers 328 and 332 can be used.
- a plug 274 electrically connected to one of the pair of conductive layers 325 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layers 265 , 329 and 264 .
- the plug 274 includes a conductive layer 274a that covers the side surfaces of the openings of the insulating layers 265, the insulating layers 329, the insulating layers 264, and the insulating layer 328 and part of the top surface of the conductive layer 325, and the conductive layer 274a. It is preferable to have a conductive layer 274b in contact with the top surface. At this time, a conductive material into which hydrogen and oxygen are difficult to diffuse is preferably used for the conductive layer 274a.
- the configuration from the insulating layer 254 to the substrate 120 in the display device 100D is similar to that of the display device 100C.
- a display device 100E illustrated in FIG. 35 has a structure in which a transistor 310 in which a channel is formed over a substrate 301 and a transistor 320 including a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer in which the channel is formed are stacked. Note that descriptions of portions similar to those of the display devices 100C and 100D may be omitted.
- An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 , and a conductive layer 251 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
- An insulating layer 262 is provided to cover the conductive layer 251 , and the conductive layer 252 is provided over the insulating layer 262 .
- the conductive layers 251 and 252 each function as wirings.
- An insulating layer 263 and an insulating layer 332 are provided to cover the conductive layer 252 , and the transistor 320 is provided over the insulating layer 332 .
- An insulating layer 265 is provided to cover the transistor 320 and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 265 . Capacitor 240 and transistor 320 are electrically connected by plug 274 .
- the transistor 320 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit. Further, the transistor 310 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit or a transistor forming a driver circuit (a gate line driver circuit or a source line driver circuit) for driving the pixel circuit. Further, the transistors 310 and 320 can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit.
- a display device 100F shown in FIG. 36 has a structure in which a transistor 310A and a transistor 310B each having a channel formed in a semiconductor substrate are stacked.
- the display device 100F has a configuration in which a substrate 301B provided with a transistor 310B, a capacitor 240 and each light emitting device and a substrate 301A provided with a transistor 310A are bonded together.
- a plug 343 penetrating through the substrate 301B is provided on the substrate 301B. Also, the plug 343 is electrically connected to a conductive layer 342 provided on the back surface of the substrate 301B (the surface opposite to the substrate 120 side). On the other hand, the conductive layer 341 is provided on the insulating layer 261 on the substrate 301A.
- the substrates 301A and 301B are electrically connected.
- the same conductive material is preferably used for the conductive layers 341 and 342 .
- a metal film containing an element selected from Al, Cr, Cu, Ta, Ti, Mo, and W, or a metal nitride film (titanium nitride film, molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film) containing the above elements as components etc. can be used.
- copper is preferably used for the conductive layers 341 and 342 . This makes it possible to apply a Cu--Cu direct bonding technique (a technique for achieving electrical continuity by connecting Cu (copper) pads to each other).
- the conductive layer 341 and the conductive layer 342 may be bonded via a bump.
- a display device 100G illustrated in FIG. 37 has a structure in which a transistor 320A and a transistor 320B each including an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor in which a channel is formed are stacked.
- the display device 100D described above can be used for the configuration of the transistor 320A, the transistor 320B, and their peripherals.
- transistors each including an oxide semiconductor are stacked here, the structure is not limited to this.
- a structure in which three or more transistors are stacked may be employed.
- FIG. 38A is a cross-sectional view including the transistor 410.
- FIG. 38A is a cross-sectional view including the transistor 410.
- a transistor 410 is a transistor provided on the substrate 401 and using polycrystalline silicon for a semiconductor layer.
- the transistor 410 corresponds to the transistor 55B of the pixel circuit 81_2 shown in FIG. 41B. That is, FIG. 38A is an example in which one of the source and drain of transistor 410 is electrically connected to conductive layer 431 of the light emitting device.
- a transistor 410 includes a semiconductor layer 411, an insulating layer 412, a conductive layer 413, and the like.
- the semiconductor layer 411 has a channel formation region 411i and a low resistance region 411n.
- Semiconductor layer 411 comprises silicon.
- Semiconductor layer 411 preferably comprises polycrystalline silicon.
- Part of the insulating layer 412 functions as a gate insulating layer.
- Part of the conductive layer 413 functions as a gate electrode.
- the semiconductor layer 411 can also have a structure containing a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) exhibiting semiconductor characteristics.
- the transistor 410 can be called an OS transistor.
- the low resistance region 411n is a region containing an impurity element.
- the transistor 410 is an n-channel transistor, phosphorus, arsenic, or the like may be added to the low-resistance region 411n.
- boron, aluminum, or the like may be added to the low resistance region 411n.
- the impurity described above may be added to the channel formation region 411i.
- An insulating layer 421 is provided on the substrate 401 .
- the semiconductor layer 411 is provided over the insulating layer 421 .
- the insulating layer 412 is provided to cover the semiconductor layer 411 and the insulating layer 421 .
- the conductive layer 413 is provided over the insulating layer 412 so as to overlap with the semiconductor layer 411 .
- An insulating layer 422 is provided to cover the conductive layer 413 and the insulating layer 412 .
- a conductive layer 414 a and a conductive layer 414 b are provided over the insulating layer 422 .
- the conductive layers 414 a and 414 b are electrically connected to the low-resistance region 411 n through openings provided in the insulating layers 422 and 412 .
- Part of the conductive layer 414a functions as one of the source and drain electrodes, and part of the conductive layer 414b functions as the other of the source and drain electrodes.
- An insulating layer 423 is provided to cover the conductive layers 414 a , 414 b , and the insulating layer 422 .
- a conductive layer 431 functioning as a pixel electrode is provided on the insulating layer 423 .
- the conductive layer 431 is provided over the insulating layer 423 and is electrically connected to the conductive layer 414 b through an opening provided in the insulating layer 423 .
- an EL layer and a common electrode can be stacked over the conductive layer 431 .
- FIG. 38B shows a transistor 410a having a pair of gate electrodes.
- a transistor 410a illustrated in FIG. 38B is mainly different from FIG. 38A in that it includes a conductive layer 415 and an insulating layer 416 .
- the conductive layer 415 is provided on the insulating layer 421 .
- An insulating layer 416 is provided to cover the conductive layer 415 and the insulating layer 421 .
- the semiconductor layer 411 is provided so that at least a channel formation region 411i overlaps with the conductive layer 415 with the insulating layer 416 interposed therebetween.
- part of the conductive layer 413 functions as a first gate electrode and part of the conductive layer 415 functions as a second gate electrode.
- part of the insulating layer 412 functions as a first gate insulating layer, and part of the insulating layer 416 functions as a second gate insulating layer.
- the conductive layer 413 and the conductive layer 413 are electrically conductive in a region (not shown) through openings provided in the insulating layers 412 and 416 .
- the layer 415 may be electrically connected.
- a conductive layer is formed through openings provided in the insulating layers 422, 412, and 416 in a region (not shown).
- the conductive layer 414a or the conductive layer 414b and the conductive layer 415 may be electrically connected.
- the transistor 410 illustrated in FIG. 38A or the transistor 410a illustrated in FIG. 38B can be applied.
- the transistor 410a may be used for all the transistors forming the sub-pixel 81
- the transistor 410 may be used for all the transistors
- the transistor 410a and the transistor 410 may be used in combination. good.
- FIG. 38C A cross-sectional schematic diagram including transistor 410a and transistor 450 is shown in FIG. 38C.
- Configuration Example 1 For the transistor 410a, Configuration Example 1 can be used. Note that although an example using the transistor 410a is shown here, a structure including the transistors 410 and 450 may be employed, or a structure including all of the transistors 410, 410a, and 450 may be employed.
- a transistor 450 is a transistor in which a metal oxide is applied to a semiconductor layer.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 38C is an example in which, for example, the transistor 450 corresponds to the transistor 55A of the pixel circuit 81_2, and the transistor 410a corresponds to the transistor 55B. That is, FIG. 38C shows an example in which one of the source and drain of the transistor 410a is electrically connected to the conductive layer 431.
- FIG. 38C shows an example in which the transistor 450 has a pair of gates.
- the transistor 450 includes a conductive layer 455, an insulating layer 422, a semiconductor layer 451, an insulating layer 452, a conductive layer 453, and the like.
- a portion of conductive layer 453 functions as a first gate of transistor 450 and a portion of conductive layer 455 functions as a second gate of transistor 450 .
- part of the insulating layer 452 functions as a first gate insulating layer of the transistor 450 and part of the insulating layer 422 functions as a second gate insulating layer of the transistor 450 .
- the conductive layer 455 is provided on the insulating layer 412 .
- An insulating layer 422 is provided to cover the conductive layer 455 .
- the semiconductor layer 451 is provided over the insulating layer 422 .
- the insulating layer 452 is provided to cover the semiconductor layer 451 and the insulating layer 422 .
- the conductive layer 453 is provided over the insulating layer 452 and has regions that overlap with the semiconductor layer 451 and the conductive layer 455 .
- An insulating layer 426 is provided covering the insulating layer 452 and the conductive layer 453 .
- a conductive layer 454 a and a conductive layer 454 b are provided over the insulating layer 426 .
- the conductive layers 454 a and 454 b are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 451 through openings provided in the insulating layers 426 and 452 .
- Part of the conductive layer 454a functions as one of the source and drain electrodes, and part of the conductive layer 454b functions as the other of the source and drain electrodes.
- An insulating layer 423 is provided to cover the conductive layers 454 a , 454 b , and the insulating layer 426 .
- the conductive layers 414a and 414b electrically connected to the transistor 410a are preferably formed by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 454a and 454b.
- the conductive layer 414a, the conductive layer 414b, the conductive layer 454a, and the conductive layer 454b are formed over the same surface (that is, in contact with the top surface of the insulating layer 426) and contain the same metal element. showing.
- the conductive layers 414 a and 414 b are electrically connected to the low-resistance region 411 n through the insulating layers 426 , 452 , 422 , and openings provided in the insulating layer 412 . This is preferable because the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the conductive layer 413 functioning as the first gate electrode of the transistor 410a and the conductive layer 455 functioning as the second gate electrode of the transistor 450 are preferably formed by processing the same conductive film.
- FIG. 38C shows a configuration in which the conductive layer 413 and the conductive layer 455 are formed on the same surface (that is, in contact with the upper surface of the insulating layer 412) and contain the same metal element. This is preferable because the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the insulating layer 452 functioning as a first gate insulating layer of the transistor 450 covers the edge of the semiconductor layer 451.
- the transistor 450a shown in FIG. It may be processed so that the top surface shape matches or substantially matches that of the layer 453 .
- the upper surface shapes roughly match means that at least a part of the contours overlaps between the laminated layers.
- the upper layer and the lower layer may be processed with the same mask pattern or partially with the same mask pattern. Strictly speaking, however, the contours do not overlap, and the upper layer may be located inside the lower layer, or the upper layer may be located outside the lower layer.
- transistor 410a corresponds to the transistor 55B and is electrically connected to the pixel electrode
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the transistor 450 or the transistor 450a may correspond to the transistor 55B.
- transistor 410a corresponds to transistor 55A, transistor 55C, or some other transistor.
- An electronic device of this embodiment includes the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can easily have high definition and high resolution. Therefore, it can be used for display portions of various electronic devices.
- Electronic devices include, for example, televisions, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage, electronic devices with relatively large screens such as large game machines such as pachinko machines, and digital cameras. , digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, sound reproduction devices, and the like.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have high definition, it can be suitably used for an electronic device having a relatively small display portion.
- electronic devices include wristwatch-type and bracelet-type information terminals (wearable devices), VR devices such as head-mounted displays, glasses-type AR devices, and MR devices. wearable devices that can be attached to
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes HD (1280 ⁇ 720 pixels), FHD (1920 ⁇ 1080 pixels), WQHD (2560 ⁇ 1440 pixels), WQXGA (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 4K (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 3840 ⁇ 2160) and 8K (7680 ⁇ 4320 pixels).
- the resolution it is preferable to set the resolution to 4K, 8K, or higher.
- the pixel density (definition) of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 100 ppi or more, preferably 300 ppi or more, more preferably 500 ppi or more, more preferably 1000 ppi or more, more preferably 2000 ppi or more, and 3000 ppi or more.
- the display device can support various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, 16:10.
- the electronic device of this embodiment includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, number of revolutions, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage , power, radiation, flow, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared).
- the electronic device of this embodiment can have various functions. For example, functions to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display, touch panel functions, functions to display calendars, dates or times, functions to execute various software (programs), wireless communication function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like.
- An electronic device 6500 shown in FIG. 39A is a mobile information terminal that can be used as a smart phone.
- the electronic device 6500 has a housing 6501, a display unit 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, a light source 6508, and the like.
- a display portion 6502 has a touch panel function.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502 .
- FIG. 39B is a schematic cross-sectional view including the end of the housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.
- a light-transmitting protective member 6510 is provided on the display surface side of the housing 6501, and a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, a touch sensor panel 6513, and a printer are placed in a space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.
- a substrate 6517, a battery 6518, and the like are arranged.
- a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 with an adhesive layer (not shown).
- a portion of the display panel 6511 is folded back in a region outside the display portion 6502, and the FPC 6515 is connected to the folded portion.
- An IC6516 is mounted on the FPC6515.
- the FPC 6515 is connected to terminals provided on the printed circuit board 6517 .
- the flexible display of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 6511 . Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. In addition, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, the thickness of the electronic device can be reduced and the large-capacity battery 6518 can be mounted. In addition, by folding back part of the display panel 6511 and arranging a connection portion with the FPC 6515 on the back side of the pixel portion, an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.
- FIG. 40A An example of a television device is shown in FIG. 40A.
- a television set 7100 has a display portion 7000 incorporated in a housing 7101 .
- a configuration in which a housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- the operation of the television apparatus 7100 shown in FIG. 40A can be performed using operation switches provided in the housing 7101 and a separate remote control operation device 7111 .
- the display portion 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the display portion 7000 with a finger or the like.
- the remote controller 7111 may have a display section for displaying information output from the remote controller 7111 .
- a channel and a volume can be operated with operation keys or a touch panel provided in the remote controller 7111 , and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.
- the television device 7100 is configured to include a receiver, a modem, and the like.
- the receiver can receive general television broadcasts. Also, by connecting to a wired or wireless communication network via a modem, one-way (from the sender to the receiver) or two-way (between the sender and the receiver, or between the receivers, etc.) information communication is performed. is also possible.
- FIG. 40B shows an example of a notebook personal computer.
- a notebook personal computer 7200 has a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- the display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- FIGS. 40C and 40D An example of digital signage is shown in FIGS. 40C and 40D.
- a digital signage 7300 shown in FIG. 40C includes a housing 7301, a display unit 7000, speakers 7303, and the like. Furthermore, it can have an LED lamp, an operation key (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals, various sensors, a microphone, and the like.
- FIG. 40D shows a digital signage 7400 attached to a cylindrical post 7401.
- a digital signage 7400 has a display section 7000 provided along the curved surface of a pillar 7401 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 in FIGS. 40C and 40D.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more information can be provided at once.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more conspicuous it is, and the more effective the advertisement can be, for example.
- a touch panel By applying a touch panel to the display unit 7000, not only can images or moving images be displayed on the display unit 7000, but also the user can intuitively operate the display unit 7000, which is preferable. Further, when used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be enhanced by intuitive operation.
- the digital signage 7300 or digital signage 7400 is preferably capable of cooperating with an information terminal 7311 or information terminal 7411 such as a smartphone possessed by the user through wireless communication.
- advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 .
- display on the display portion 7000 can be switched.
- the digital signage 7300 or 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or 7411 as an operating means (controller). This allows an unspecified number of users to simultaneously participate in and enjoy the game.
- the electronic device shown in FIGS. 41A to 41F includes a housing 9000, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals 9006, sensors 9007 (force, displacement, position, speed , acceleration, angular velocity, number of rotations, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared rays function), a microphone 9008, and the like.
- the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 41A to 41F have various functions. For example, a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a calendar, a function to display the date or time, a function to control processing by various software (programs), It can have a wireless communication function, a function of reading and processing programs or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like. Note that the functions of the electronic device are not limited to these, and can have various functions.
- the electronic device may have a plurality of display units.
- the electronic device is equipped with a camera, etc., and has the function of capturing still images or moving images and storing them in a recording medium (external or built into the camera), or the function of displaying the captured image on the display unit, etc. good.
- FIGS. 41A to 41F Details of the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 41A to 41F will be described below.
- FIG. 41A is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9101.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as a smart phone, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9101 may be provided with a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, and the like.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can display text and image information on its multiple surfaces.
- FIG. 41A shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed.
- Information 9051 indicated by a dashed rectangle can also be displayed on another surface of the display portion 9001 . Examples of the information 9051 include notification of incoming e-mail, SNS, phone call, title of e-mail or SNS, sender name, date and time, remaining battery power, radio wave intensity, and the like.
- an icon 9050 or the like may be displayed at the position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 41B is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9102.
- the portable information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more sides of the display portion 9001 .
- information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different surfaces.
- the user can confirm the information 9053 displayed at a position where the mobile information terminal 9102 can be viewed from above the mobile information terminal 9102 while the mobile information terminal 9102 is stored in the chest pocket of the clothes.
- the user can check the display without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket, and can determine, for example, whether to receive a call.
- FIG. 41C is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type mobile information terminal 9200.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can be used as a smart watch (registered trademark), for example.
- the display portion 9001 has a curved display surface, and display can be performed along the curved display surface.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can also make hands-free calls by mutual communication with a headset capable of wireless communication, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can transmit data to and from another information terminal through the connection terminal 9006, and can be charged. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply.
- FIG. 41D to 41F are perspective views showing a foldable personal digital assistant 9201.
- FIG. FIG. 41D is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9201 in an unfolded state
- FIG. 41F is a folded state
- FIG. 41E is a perspective view of a state in the middle of changing from one to the other of FIGS.
- the portable information terminal 9201 has excellent portability in the folded state, and has excellent display visibility due to a seamless wide display area in the unfolded state.
- a display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by hinges 9055 .
- the display portion 9001 can be bent with a curvature radius of 0.1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.
- the content (may be part of the content) described in one embodiment may be another content (may be part of the content) described in the embodiment, and/or one or more
- the contents described in another embodiment (or part of the contents) can be applied, combined, or replaced.
- electrode and “wiring” in this specification and the like do not functionally limit these components.
- an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the terms “electrode” and “wiring” include the case where a plurality of “electrodes” and “wiring” are integrally formed.
- a voltage is a potential difference from a reference potential.
- the reference potential is a ground voltage
- the voltage can be translated into a potential.
- Ground potential does not necessarily mean 0V. Note that the potential is relative, and the potential applied to the wiring or the like may be changed depending on the reference potential.
- a switch is one that has the function of being in a conducting state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) and controlling whether or not to allow current to flow.
- a switch has a function of selecting and switching a path through which current flows.
- the channel length refers to, for example, a region in which a semiconductor (or a portion of the semiconductor in which current flows when the transistor is on) overlaps with a gate in a top view of a transistor, or a channel is formed.
- the channel width refers to, for example, a region where a semiconductor (or a portion of the semiconductor where current flows when the transistor is on) overlaps with a gate electrode, or a region where a channel is formed. is the length of the part where the drain and the drain face each other.
- a and B are connected includes not only direct connection between A and B, but also electrical connection.
- a and B are electrically connected means that when there is an object having some kind of electrical action between A and B, an electric signal can be exchanged between A and B. What to say.
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Abstract
Description
図2は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図3A乃至図3Cは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図4は、表示装置の動作例を示すフローチャートである。
図5は、表示装置の動作例を示す図である。
図6は、表示装置の動作例を示す図である。
図7は、表示装置の動作例を示すタイミングチャートである。
図8は、表示装置の動作例を示すタイミングチャートである。
図9は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図10は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図11A乃至図11Dは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図12A乃至図12Dは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図13A乃至図13Eは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図14A、図14B及び図14Dは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。図14C及び図14Eは、表示装置で撮像した画像の例を示す図である。
図15は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図16A乃至図16Cは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図17A乃至図17Cは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図18A乃至図18Cは、表示装置の一例を示す図である。
図19A乃至図19Cは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図20Aは、表示装置の一例を示す上面図である。図20Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図21A乃至図21Iは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図22A乃至図22Eは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図23A及び図23Bは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図24A及び図24Bは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図25A及び図25Bは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図26A及び図26Bは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図27A及び図27Bは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図28は、表示装置の一例を示す斜視図である。
図29Aは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。図29B及び図29Cは、トランジスタの一例を示す断面図である。
図30は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図31A及び図31Bは、表示モジュールの一例を示す斜視図である。
図32は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図33A及び図33Bは、表示モジュールの一例を示す斜視図である。
図34は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図35は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図36は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図37は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図38A乃至図38Dは、トランジスタの一例を示す図である。
図39A及び図39Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図40A乃至図40Dは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図41A乃至図41Fは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について説明する。本実施の形態では、特に表示装置の画素が有する回路構成について説明する。
表示装置10のブロック図を、図1Aに示す。表示装置10は、表示部71、信号線駆動回路72、ゲート線駆動回路73、制御線駆動回路74、信号読み出し回路75およびタイミング制御回路21等を有する。
図3A乃至図5を用いて、物体の検知状態、あるいは非検知状態に応じた表示動作または検出動作を行う表示装置の動作例について説明する。
次いで図6乃至図10にて、上記説明した表示装置10が有する駆動回路部30の構成例およびその動作について説明する。
副画素81R、副画素81G、及び副画素81Bに適用することができる画素回路の回路図の一例を、図11A乃至図11D、および図12A乃至図12Dに示す。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した発光デバイス及び受光デバイスを有する表示装置の利用形態等について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置とその作製方法について、図20乃至図27を用いて説明する。
本発明の一態様の表示装置を、図20A及び図20Bに示す。
画素のレイアウトについて、説明する。副画素の配列に特に限定はなく、様々な方法を適用することができる。副画素の配列としては、例えば、ストライプ配列、Sストライプ配列、マトリクス配列、デルタ配列、ベイヤー配列、ペンタイル配列などが挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図28乃至図30を用いて説明する。
図28に、表示装置100Aの斜視図を示し、図29Aに、表示装置100Aの断面図を示す。
図30に示す表示装置100Bは、ボトムエミッション型である点で、表示装置100Aと主に相違する。なお、表示装置100Aと同様の部分については説明を省略する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図31乃至図38を用いて説明する。
図31Aに、表示モジュール280の斜視図を示す。表示モジュール280は、表示装置100Cと、FPC290と、を有する。なお、表示モジュール280が有する表示装置は表示装置100Cに限られず、後述する表示装置100Dまたは表示装置100Eであってもよい。
図32に示す表示装置100Cは、基板301、発光デバイス130a、発光デバイス130b、発光デバイス130c、受光デバイス130d、容量240、及び、トランジスタ310を有する。
図34に示す表示装置100Dは、トランジスタの構成が異なる点で、表示装置100Cと主に相違する。なお、表示装置100Cと同様の部分については説明を省略することがある。
図35に示す表示装置100Eは、基板301にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310と、チャネルが形成される半導体層に金属酸化物を含むトランジスタ320とが積層された構成を有する。なお、表示装置100C、100Dと同様の部分については説明を省略することがある。
図36に示す表示装置100Fは、それぞれ半導体基板にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310Aと、トランジスタ310Bとが積層された構成を有する。
図37に示す表示装置100Gは、それぞれチャネルが形成される半導体に酸化物半導体を有するトランジスタ320Aと、トランジスタ320Bとが積層された構成を有する。
以下では、上記表示装置に適用することのできるトランジスタの断面構成例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について、図39乃至図41を用いて説明する。
以上の実施の形態、及び実施の形態における各構成の説明について、以下に付記する。
Claims (7)
- 発光デバイスを有する第1副画素と、受光デバイスを有する第2副画素と、前記第1副画素を走査する第1選択信号が与えられる第1ゲート線と、前記第2副画素を走査する第2選択信号が与えられる第2ゲート線と、を有する表示部と、
前記ゲート線駆動回路が出力する前記第1選択信号または前記第2選択信号を前記第1ゲート線または前記第2ゲート線に振り分けて出力する第1切り替え部と、
前記第1選択信号または前記第2選択信号を出力するゲート線駆動回路と、前記ゲート線駆動回路が出力する前記第1選択信号または前記第2選択信号を振り分けて出力する第2切り替え部と、前記第1切り替え部および前記第2切り替え部を制御するタイミング制御回路と、を有する駆動制御回路と、を有し、
前記タイミング制御回路は、第1動作モードと、第2動作モードと、を切り替える機能を有し、
前記第1動作モードにおいて、前記ゲート線駆動回路は、第1フレーム周波数の前記第1選択信号と、前記第1選択信号より選択期間の長い前記第2選択信号を出力し、
前記第2動作モードにおいて、前記第1フレーム周波数よりも低い第2フレーム周波数の前記第1選択信号および前記第2選択信号を出力する、表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1切り替え部および前記第2切り替え部はそれぞれ、前記ゲート線駆動回路と、前記第1ゲート線または前記第2ゲート線と、の間に設けられるアナログスイッチを有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
画像プロセッサを有し、
前記画像プロセッサは、前記受光デバイスにおける物体の検知状態または物体の非検知状態に応じて、前記第1動作モードと前記第2動作モードとを切り替える機能を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記発光デバイスは、可視光を射出する機能を有し、
前記受光デバイスは、可視光を検出する機能を有する表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
前記発光デバイスは、赤外光を射出する機能を有し、
前記受光デバイスは、赤外光を検出する機能を有する表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、コネクタ及び集積回路のうち少なくとも一方と、を有する、表示モジュール。
- 請求項6に記載の表示モジュールと、筐体、バッテリ、カメラ、スピーカ、及びマイクのうち少なくとも一つと、を有する、電子機器。
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JP2009129271A (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Sony Corp | 表示装置 |
WO2009110294A1 (ja) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 光センサ付き表示装置 |
JP2016045329A (ja) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-04-04 | シナプティクス・ディスプレイ・デバイス合同会社 | 表示駆動装置及び表示装置 |
JP2017016560A (ja) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-19 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | タッチ検出機能付き表示装置 |
JP2018010829A (ja) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置 |
JP2018060319A (ja) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-12 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | タッチ検出機能付き表示装置及びタッチ検出方法 |
WO2020075002A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 撮像装置、及び認証装置 |
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JP2009129271A (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Sony Corp | 表示装置 |
WO2009110294A1 (ja) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 光センサ付き表示装置 |
JP2016045329A (ja) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-04-04 | シナプティクス・ディスプレイ・デバイス合同会社 | 表示駆動装置及び表示装置 |
JP2017016560A (ja) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-19 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | タッチ検出機能付き表示装置 |
JP2018010829A (ja) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置 |
JP2018060319A (ja) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-12 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | タッチ検出機能付き表示装置及びタッチ検出方法 |
WO2020075002A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 撮像装置、及び認証装置 |
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