WO2023016472A1 - 电池模组、电池包和车辆 - Google Patents

电池模组、电池包和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023016472A1
WO2023016472A1 PCT/CN2022/111302 CN2022111302W WO2023016472A1 WO 2023016472 A1 WO2023016472 A1 WO 2023016472A1 CN 2022111302 W CN2022111302 W CN 2022111302W WO 2023016472 A1 WO2023016472 A1 WO 2023016472A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery module
exhaust channel
end plate
cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/111302
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈涛
刘国雄
张晓瑞
刘建
王高武
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020237041474A priority Critical patent/KR20240004833A/ko
Priority to EP22855453.1A priority patent/EP4340107A1/en
Publication of WO2023016472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023016472A1/zh
Priority to US18/531,937 priority patent/US20240113384A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/0207—Wire harnesses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/298—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/308—Detachable arrangements, e.g. detachable vent plugs or plug systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a battery module, a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the integration of the battery pack is too high, the distance between the internal cells and the wiring harness components is relatively close.
  • the high-temperature gas emitted by the cell will cause the insulation conditions of the high and low voltage wiring harness to fail. This induces the risk of a short circuit inside the battery pack; moreover, the high-temperature gas emitted by the battery cell is flammable to a certain extent, which may cause the battery pack to explode, seriously affecting the safety of the battery pack and electric vehicles.
  • An object of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a new technical solution for a battery module, a battery pack, and a vehicle.
  • a battery module including:
  • a battery main body the battery main body includes a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are arranged side by side, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the top of each of the battery cells;
  • An end plate is arranged at the end of the battery body, and the end plate has a first exhaust channel inside;
  • the cover body is arranged along the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery cells, and is buckled on the plurality of pressure relief valves to form a second exhaust channel, the second exhaust channel is connected to the The first exhaust passage communicates.
  • the first exhaust passage includes an inner cavity and an air inlet and an air outlet communicating with the inner cavity;
  • Two ends of the cover body are respectively connected with one of the air inlets.
  • the battery module further includes a wire harness, the wire harness is arranged outside the second exhaust channel and is electrically connected to the battery cells.
  • the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged in dislocation.
  • buckles are provided on the end plate near the air inlet, and both ends of the cover are connected to the air inlet through the buckles.
  • a first sealing layer is provided between both ends of the cover and the end plate;
  • a second gasket is provided between the cover and the battery body.
  • a side plate is further included, and the side plate is arranged on the side of the battery main body along the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery cells.
  • a plurality of the pressure relief valves are linearly arranged.
  • a heat insulating layer is interposed between adjacent battery cells.
  • a battery pack including at least one battery module described in the first aspect.
  • a tray is also included, and the battery module is fixed on the tray;
  • a vehicle comprising the battery pack described in the second aspect.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery module, and the battery module includes a battery main body, an end plate and a cover.
  • the battery module is provided with an end plate at the end of the battery body, the end plate has a first exhaust channel inside, and the cover body is fastened to a plurality of the pressure relief valves to form a second row.
  • the gas channel, the second exhaust channel communicates with the first exhaust channel can directionally and sealably remove the gas generated in the battery cell, effectively suppressing the safety risk of the battery module out of control process and ensuring the safety of the battery module. safety performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an end plate of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an end plate of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view of plane A-A in Fig. 5 .
  • 1-battery unit 11-pressure relief valve; 2-side plate; 3-end plate; 31-air inlet; 32-air outlet; 33-inner cavity; 34-buckle; 4-cover; 5-first sealing layer; 6-second sealing gasket; 7-heat insulation layer.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery module, the battery module includes:
  • the battery main body, the end plate 3 and the cover body 4, the battery main body includes a plurality of battery cells 1, the plurality of battery cells 1 are arranged side by side, and the plurality of battery cells 1 can be arranged in parallel, or Set in series, or use a combination of series and parallel connections.
  • the top of each battery cell 1 is provided with a pressure relief valve 11. When the air pressure inside the battery cell 1 is too high, the pressure relief valve 11 can be used to release the pressure of the battery cell 1 to ensure that all The operation safety of the main body of the battery is described.
  • the end plate 3 is arranged at the end of the battery body.
  • the end plate 3 can be arranged along the length of the battery body. direction, the end plate 3 has a first exhaust channel inside; the cover 4 is arranged along the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery cells 1, and is buckled on the plurality of pressure relief valves 11
  • the second exhaust passage communicates with the first exhaust passage.
  • an effective exhaust channel can be formed.
  • the battery cell 1 produces too much gas or a short circuit occurs, the battery cell 1
  • the internal air pressure will increase significantly and generate high temperature flammable gases.
  • the cover body 4 is fastened on a plurality of the pressure relief valves 11 to form a second exhaust passage, the above-mentioned high-pressure gas can be discharged into the second exhaust passage through the pressure relief valves 11, and then through the pressure relief valves 11.
  • the above-mentioned first exhaust channel is excluded to the outside, which ensures the safe use of the battery module.
  • the battery module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with an end plate 3 at the end of the battery body, the end plate 3 has a first exhaust channel inside, and the cover 4 is fastened to a plurality of the Pressure relief valve 11 to form a second exhaust channel, after the second exhaust channel communicates with the first exhaust channel, the high-temperature flammable gas generated in the battery cell 1 can be oriented and sealed, reducing the The convective mixing of high-temperature flammable gas and air prevents combustion and explosion caused by high-temperature flammable gas, effectively suppresses the safety risk of the battery module out of control process, and ensures the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the exhaust channel formed by the cover body 4 and the end plate 3 in the present disclosure has the characteristics of convenient and fast installation, simple and compact structure, saving material cost and good sealing effect of the exhaust space, and reduces the need for forming the second exhaust channel.
  • the difficulty of the process, especially for some difficult-to-form materials (such as mica), can greatly reduce the forming and production costs of each component in the battery module.
  • the first exhaust passage includes an inner cavity 33 and an air inlet 31 and an air outlet 32 communicating with the inner cavity 33 , and the two ends of the cover 4 are connected to one of the air inlets 31 respectively. connected so that the second exhaust passage communicates with the inner cavity 33 .
  • the inner cavity 33 is a cavity inside the first exhaust passage, and the first exhaust passage may also include a housing provided with the air inlet 31 and the air outlet 32, and the air inlet 31 and the air outlet 32 The air outlets 32 are all connected to the inner cavity 33 .
  • an effective exhaust channel can be formed.
  • the air pressure inside the battery cell 1 will significantly increase. Increase and generate high temperature flammable gas.
  • the cover body 4 is fastened on a plurality of the pressure relief valves 11 to form a second exhaust passage, the above-mentioned high-pressure gas can be discharged into the second exhaust passage through the pressure relief valves 11, and then through the pressure relief valves 11.
  • the inner cavity 33 is excluded from the outside, which ensures the safe use of the battery module.
  • the inner cavity 33 can directly collect the solid particles entrained in the high-temperature combustible gas, so that the high-temperature solid matter accumulates at the bottom of the end plate 3, In order to reduce the impact of high temperature solid matter on the battery cells.
  • the battery module further includes a wire harness, and the wire harness is arranged outside the second exhaust passage and is electrically connected to the battery cells 1 .
  • the battery cell 1 generally has a positive terminal and a negative terminal
  • the wire harness may include a high-voltage wire harness and a low-voltage wire harness, and one end of the wire harness may be electrically connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery cell 1 , the other end of the wiring harness can be electrically connected to an external circuit, so as to realize the charging and discharging operation of the battery cell 1 .
  • the wire harness is separated from the combustible gas that may be generated inside the second exhaust passage, which facilitates the arrangement of the wire harness on the one hand, and on the other hand
  • the influence of the flammable gas in the second exhaust channel on the wire harness is avoided, and the use safety of the wire harness is increased.
  • the air inlet 31 and the air outlet 32 are arranged in a dislocation manner.
  • the gas in the second exhaust channel can be discharged into the inner chamber 33 through the air inlet 31 , and then be discharged from the battery module through the gas outlet 32 .
  • a turning structure of the exhaust path can be formed.
  • the intake The turning structure formed by the port 31 and the gas outlet 32 can make the high-temperature gas and combustible particles first collide with the inner wall of the inner cavity 33, avoiding the impact on the battery mold after the high-temperature gas and combustible particles are discharged from the gas outlet 32.
  • the security use of the group is affected.
  • the high-temperature particulate matter may directly fall to the bottom of the end plate 3 after colliding with the inner wall of the inner cavity 33, thereby The separation of high-temperature particles and gases is realized, ensuring the safety of the battery module.
  • a buckle 34 is provided on the end plate 3 close to the air inlet 31 , and the two ends of the cover 4 are connected to the inlet through the buckle 34 .
  • Gas port 31 is connected.
  • the buckle 34 can be used to connect the The end of the cover body 4 is fixed on the end plate 3 .
  • the end portion of the cover body 4 can be covered on the top end of the end plate 3 first, and then the buckle 34 is pressed onto the end portion of the cover body 4 and connected with the end plate 3, It plays the role of pressing and fixing the cover body 4 .
  • a first sealing layer 5 is provided between both ends of the cover body 4 and the end plate 3 .
  • the first sealing layer 5 is arranged between the end plates 3 to improve the sealing performance of the exhaust passage, and make the structure between the two ends of the cover 4 and the end plates 3 more compact, ensuring the exhaust channel integrity.
  • the first sealing layer 5 may be a high-temperature-resistant material such as inorganic foam with adhesive backing, and may be directly bonded between the cover body 4 and the end plate 3 .
  • a second gasket 6 is disposed between the cover 4 and the battery main body.
  • the second sealing gasket 6 can be arranged between the cover body 4 and the battery main body.
  • the second gasket 6 can not only play the role of sealing the second exhaust passage, but also offset the assembly gap between the second exhaust passage and the battery body, and absorb the gap between the structures caused by vibration during the operation of the battery module. The relative friction makes the structure of the battery module safer and firmer, and has a good assembly effect.
  • the second sealing gasket 6 can be made of high-temperature-resistant materials such as inorganic foam with adhesive backing, so as to be directly bonded between the cover 4 and the battery main body.
  • the battery module further includes a side plate 2 , and the side plate 2 is arranged on the side of the battery main body along the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery cells 1 .
  • the side plate 2 is arranged on the side of the battery body along the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery cells 1.
  • the side plate 2 can be arranged On both sides of the plurality of battery cells 1 along the length direction, the side plates 2 can be metal side plates, and the side plates 2 can prevent the sides of the battery cells 1 from being scratched, so as to provide The purpose of providing effective protection for the side of the battery cell 1 .
  • a plurality of pressure relief valves 11 are arranged in a linear manner.
  • a plurality of the battery cells 1 are arranged side by side so that the plurality of pressure relief valves 11 can be arranged linearly.
  • a linear second exhaust passage can be formed, which improves the smoothness of the exhaust of the second exhaust passage.
  • a heat insulating layer 7 is interposed between adjacent battery cells 1 .
  • the heat insulation layer 7 when the battery module is in operation, a large amount of heat will be generated inside each of the battery cells 1. If a plurality of the battery cells 1 are gathered together, it may cause local overheating and bring the battery Risk of damage to cell 1.
  • the heat insulation layer 7 When the heat insulation layer 7 is arranged between the adjacent battery cells 1, it can isolate each of the battery cells 1, and not only can absorb expansion between the battery cells 1 The action of the force can also prevent the heat produced by multiple battery cells 1 from converging when the battery module generates a lot of heat, and provide a good heat insulation effect for the battery cells 1 .
  • the heat insulation layer 7 can also flexibly adjust the assembly tolerance between the battery cells 1 , which is beneficial to the assembly in the production process.
  • the heat insulation layer 7 can be heat insulation materials such as airgel pad or inorganic foam.
  • the end plate 3 and the side plate 2 may be connected by screws or rivets, so as to restrain and fix the plurality of battery cells 1 .
  • structural glue can be applied on the side of the side plate 2 close to the battery cell 1 to effectively fix the battery cell 1 .
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a battery pack, which includes at least one battery module.
  • the battery module of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with an end plate 3 at the end of the battery body, the end plate 3 has an inner cavity 33 inside, and the cover 4 is fastened to the A plurality of the pressure relief valves 11 are used to form a second exhaust passage, and after the second exhaust passage is communicated with the inner cavity 33, the high-temperature flammable gas generated in the battery cell 1 can be oriented and sealed, It reduces the convective mixing of high-temperature flammable gas and air, prevents combustion and explosion caused by high-temperature flammable gas, effectively suppresses the safety risk of the battery module runaway process, and ensures the safety performance of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack further includes a tray, and the battery module is fixed on the tray;
  • the tray can also be provided with an inlet and an outlet connected to the third exhaust channel, and the second exhaust channel is connected to the third row through the inner cavity 33 of the first exhaust channel.
  • the air channel is connected, the gas generated inside the battery module can be discharged to the outside of the battery pack through the outlet on the tray, effectively preventing the high-temperature combustible gas generated inside the battery module from affecting the battery pack.
  • the impact of internal components ensures the safety performance of the battery pack.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a vehicle including the battery pack.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池模组、电池包和车辆，电池模组包括电池主体、端板和盖体，电池主体包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体并排设置，端板设置于电池主体的端部。电池模组通过在电池主体的端部设置端板，端板内部具有第一排气通道，盖体扣合于多个泄压阀上以形成第二排气通道，第二排气通道与第一排气通道连通。

Description

电池模组、电池包和车辆
本公开要求于2021年08月10日提交中国专利局，申请号为202121868740.9，申请名称为“电池模组和电池包”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种电池模组、电池包和车辆。
背景技术
现有技术中，随着新能源汽车和电池包结构的不断发展，电池包的设计集成程度也越来越高。通过高度的电池包集成，可以充分利用电池包内部的空间，同时提高整个电池包的能量密度。
而电池包集成度过高时，其内部各电芯以及线束部件之间距离较近，当内部某一电芯发生短路时，电芯喷出的高温气体会导致高低压线束的绝缘条件失效，从而诱发电池包内部的短路风险；而且电芯喷出的高温气体具有一定的可燃性，可能导致电池包爆炸，严重影响了电池包和电动汽车的使用安全。
发明内容
本公开实施例的一个目的是提供一种电池模组、电池包和车辆的新技术方案。
根据本公开的第一方面，提供了一种电池模组，包括：
电池主体，所述电池主体包括多个电池单体，多个所述电池单体并排设置，每个所述电池单体的顶部设置有泄压阀；
端板，所述端板设置于所述电池主体的端部，所述端板内部具有第一排气通道；
盖体，所述盖体沿多个所述电池单体的排列方向设置，并且扣合于多个所述泄压阀上以形成第二排气通道，所述第二排气通道与所述第一排气通道连通。
可选地，所述第一排气通道包括内腔以及与所述内腔连通的进气口和出气口；
所述盖体的两端分别与一个所述进气口连接。
可选地，所述电池模组还包括线束，所述线束设置于所述第二排气通道外部，并且与所述电池单体电连接。
可选地，所述进气口与所述出气口错位设置。
可选地，所述端板上靠近所述进气口的位置设置有卡扣，所述盖体的两端通过所述卡扣与所述进气口连接。
可选地，所述盖体的两端与所述端板之间设置有第一密封层；
所述盖体与所述电池主体之间设置有第二密封垫。
可选地，还包括侧板，所述侧板沿多个所述电池单体的排列方向设置于所述电池主体的侧面。
可选地，多个所述泄压阀呈线性排布。
可选地，相邻所述电池单体之间夹设有隔热层。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了一种电池包，包括至少一个第一方面所述的电池模组。
可选地，还包括托盘，所述电池模组固定于所述托盘上；
所述托盘内部具有第三排气通道，所述第二排气通道通过所述第一排气通道与所述第三排气通道连通。
根据本公开的第三方面，提供了一种车辆，所述车辆包括第二方面所述的电池包。
本公开实施例的一个技术效果在于：
本公开实施例提供了一种电池模组，所述电池模组包括电池主体、端板和盖体。所述电池模组通过在所述电池主体的端部设置端板，所述端板内部具有第一排气通道，所述盖体扣合于多个所述泄压阀上以形成第二排 气通道，所述第二排气通道与所述第一排气通道连通后可以定向并密封地排除电池单体内产生的气体，有效抑制了电池模组失控过程的安全风险，保证了电池模组的安全性能。
通过以下参照附图对本公开的示例性实施例的详细描述，本公开的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本公开的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本公开的原理。
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种电池模组的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的一种电池模组的剖面图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种电池模组的爆炸图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的一种电池模组的端板的结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的一种电池模组的端板的截面图；
图6为图5中A-A面的截面图。
其中：1-电池单体；11-泄压阀；2-侧板；3-端板；31-进气口；32-出气口；33-内腔；34-卡扣；4-盖体；5-第一密封层；6-第二密封垫；7-隔热层。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本公开的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本公开的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本公开及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例 性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
参照图1至图3，本公开实施例提供了一种电池模组，所述电池模组包括：
电池主体、端板3和盖体4，所述电池主体包括多个电池单体1，多个所述电池单体1并排设置，多个所述电池单体1之间可以并联设置，也可以串联设置，或者采用串并联结合的连接方式。每个所述电池单体1的顶部设置有泄压阀11，所述电池单体1内部的气压过大时，可以通过所述泄压阀11给所述电池单体1泄压，保证所述电池主体的运行安全。
所述端板3设置于所述电池主体的端部，比如多个所述电池单体1并排设置并形成外观呈长方体的电池主体时，所述端板3可以设置于所述电池主体沿长度方向的两端，所述端板3内部具有第一排气通道；所述盖体4沿多个所述电池单体1的排列方向设置，并且扣合于多个所述泄压阀11上以形成第二排气通道，所述第二排气通道与所述第一排气通道连通。
具体地，所述第二排气通道和所述第一排气通道连通后可以形成有效的排气通道，当所述电池单体1产气过多或者发生短路时，所述电池单体1内部的气压会显著增加并产生高温的可燃性气体。由于所述盖体4扣合于多个所述泄压阀11上以形成第二排气通道，使得上述高压气体可以通过所述泄压阀11排到第二排气通道中，进而通过所述第一排气通道对外排除，保证了所述电池模组的使用安全。
本公开实施例提供的所述电池模组通过在所述电池主体的端部设置端板3，所述端板3内部具有第一排气通道，所述盖体4扣合于多个所述泄压阀11上以形成第二排气通道，所述第二排气通道与所述第一排气通道连通后可以定向并密封地排除电池单体1内产生的高温可燃性气体，减少了高温可燃性气体与空气的对流混合，防止了高温可燃性气体引起的燃烧和爆炸，有效抑制了电池模组失控过程的安全风险，保证了电池模组的安 全性能。
另外，本公开通过所述盖体4和端板3形成的排气通道具有安装方便快速、结构简单紧凑、节省物料成本和排气空间密封效果好等特点，并且减少了第二排气通道成型工艺的难度，尤其是对于一些比较难成型的材料(如云母)，可以大大减少电池模组中各组件的成型和生产成本。
可选地，所述第一排气通道包括内腔33以及与所述内腔33连通的进气口31和出气口32，所述盖体4的两端分别与一个所述进气口31连接，以使所述第二排气通道与所述内腔33连通。
具体地，所述内腔33为第一排气通道内部的空腔，所述第一排气通道还可以包括设置所述进气口31和出气口32的壳体，并且进气口31和出气口32均连通至内腔33。所述第二排气通道和所述内腔33连通后可以形成有效的排气通道，当所述电池单体1产气过多或者发生短路时，所述电池单体1内部的气压会显著增加并产生高温的可燃性气体。由于所述盖体4扣合于多个所述泄压阀11上以形成第二排气通道，使得上述高压气体可以通过所述泄压阀11排到第二排气通道中，进而通过所述内腔33对外排除，保证了所述电池模组的使用安全。
另外，所述端板3内部具有内腔33的情况下，所述内腔33可以直接收集高温可燃性气体中裹挟的固体颗粒，从而使高温的固体物质累积于所述端板3的底部，以减少高温固体物质对电池单体的影响。
可选地，所述电池模组还包括线束，所述线束设置于所述第二排气通道外部，并且与所述电池单体1电连接。
具体地，所述电池单体1上一般具有正极端子和负极端子，所述线束可以包括高压线束和低压线束，所述线束的一端可以与所述电池单体1的正极端子和负极端子电连接，所述线束的另一端可以电连接至外部电路，以便于实现所述电池单体1的充放电操作。而所述线束设置于所述第二排气通道外部的情况下，使得所述线束和所述第二排气通道内部可能产生的可燃性气体分离，一方面方便了线束的布置，另一方面避免了第二排气通道内可燃性气体对线束的影响，增加了线束的使用安全性。
可选地，参见图4至图6，所述进气口31与所述出气口32错位设置。
具体地，所述第二排气通道中的气体可以通过所述进气口31排放至所述内腔33中，再通过所述出气口32排除所述电池模组。而所述进气口31与所述出气口32错位设置时可以形成排气路径的转弯结构，当所述第二排气通道中的气体温度过高或者包裹可燃性颗粒时，所述进气口31与所述出气口32形成的转弯结构可以使高温气体和可燃性颗粒首先碰撞到所述内腔33的内壁，避免了高温气体和可燃性颗粒从所述出气口32排出后对电池模组的安全使用造成影响。而且所述第二排气通道中的气体中包含质量较重的高温颗粒物质时，高温颗粒物质可以在碰撞到所述内腔33的内壁后直接掉落至所述端板3的底部，从而实现了高温颗粒与气体的分离，保证了所述电池模组的安全性。
可选地，参见图4和图5，所述端板3上靠近所述进气口31的位置设置有卡扣34，所述盖体4的两端通过所述卡扣34与所述进气口31连接。
具体地，所述盖体4的两端分别与一个所述进气口31连接时，为了保证所述盖体4与所述端板3连接的可靠性，可以通过所述卡扣34将所述盖体4的端部固定于所述端板3上。比如可以将所述盖体4的端部先盖设于所述端板3的顶端，然后将所述卡扣34压合于所述盖体4的端部并与所述端板3连接，起到压紧和固定所述盖体4的作用。
可选地，参见图1和图3，所述盖体4的两端与所述端板3之间设置有第一密封层5。
具体地，所述第二排气通道与所述内腔33连通后形成了所述电池模组的排气通道，而排气通道中的气体从所述盖体4内的第二排气通道输送至所述端板3内的内腔33时，为了防止排气从所述盖体4与所述端板3之间的缝隙中泄漏，可以在所述盖体4的两端与所述端板3之间设置所述第一密封层5，以提高排气通道的密封性，而且使得所述盖体4的两端与所述端板3之间的结构更加紧凑，保证了排气通道的完整性。另外，所述第一密封层5可以是带背胶的无机泡棉等耐高温材料，可以直接粘接于所述盖体4与所述端板3之间。
可选地，参见图1和图3，所述盖体4与所述电池主体之间设置有第二密封垫6。
具体地，所述盖体4扣合于多个所述泄压阀11上以形成第二排气通道时，为了避免从所述泄压阀11中排出的气体泄漏至所述第二排气通道外部，可以在所述盖体4与所述电池主体之间设置所述第二密封垫6。所述第二密封垫6不仅能够起到密封第二排气通道的作用，还能抵消第二排气通道与电池主体之间的装配间隙，吸收电池模组运行时由于振动导致结构之间的相对摩擦，使电池模组结构更加安全牢固，起到良好的装配效果。另外，所述第二密封垫6可以是带背胶的无机泡棉等耐高温材料，以直接粘接于所述盖体4与所述电池主体之间。
可选地，所述电池模组还包括侧板2，所述侧板2沿多个所述电池单体1的排列方向设置于所述电池主体的侧面。
具体地，所述侧板2沿多个所述电池单体1的排列方向设置于所述电池主体的侧面，比如多个所述电池单体1呈长方体排列时，所述侧板2可以设置于多个所述电池单体1沿长度方向的两侧，所述侧板2可以为金属侧板，所述侧板2可以避免所述电池单体1的侧面被划伤，以达到给所述电池单体1的侧面提供有效防护的目的。
可选地，参见图2和图3，多个所述泄压阀11呈线性排布。
具体地，每个所述电池单体1顶部的所述泄压阀11设置位置一致时，多个所述电池单体1并排设置后可以使得多个所述泄压阀11呈线性排布。而所述盖体4扣合于多个所述泄压阀11上时可以形成线性的第二排气通道，提高了第二排气通道的排气顺畅性。
可选地，参见图1至图3，相邻所述电池单体1之间夹设有隔热层7。
具体地，所述电池模组在运行时，每个所述电池单体1内部会产生较大的热量，多个所述电池单体1如果汇聚到一起，可能造成局部位置过热，带来电池单体1损坏的风险。而所述隔热层7在设置于相邻所述电池单体1之间时，可以将每个所述电池单体1隔离开，不仅能在所述电池单体1之间起到吸收膨胀力的作用，还可以再电池模组产热较多时，避免多个所述电池单体1生产的热量汇聚，给所述电池单体1提供良好的隔热效果。另外，所述隔热层7还可以灵活调整所述电池单体1之间的装配公差，有利于生产过程的装配。另外，所述隔热层7可以为气凝胶垫或无机泡棉等 隔热材料。
可选地，参见图1和图3，所述端板3与侧板2之间可以采用螺钉或者铆钉进行连接，以达到对多个所述电池单体1的约束和固定。在所述电池单体1固定前，可以在所述侧板2靠所述电池单体1的一侧涂布结构胶，以达到对所述电池单体1的有效固定。
本公开实施例还提供了一种电池包，所述电池包包括至少一个所述的电池模组。
具体地，本公开实施例提供的所述电池包的电池模组通过在所述电池主体的端部设置端板3，所述端板3内部具有内腔33，所述盖体4扣合于多个所述泄压阀11上以形成第二排气通道，所述第二排气通道与所述内腔33连通后可以定向并密封地排除电池单体1内产生的高温可燃性气体，减少了高温可燃性气体与空气的对流混合，防止了高温可燃性气体引起的燃烧和爆炸，有效抑制了电池模组失控过程的安全风险，保证了电池包的安全性能。
可选地，所述电池包还包括托盘，所述电池模组固定于所述托盘上；
所述托盘内部具有第三排气通道，所述第二排气通道通过所述第一排气通道与所述第三排气通道连通。
具体地，所述托盘上还可以设置连通至所述第三排气通道连通的进口和出口，所述第二排气通道通过所述第一排气通道的内腔33与所述第三排气通道连通后，可以将所述电池模组内部产生的气体通过所述托盘上的出口排出到所述电池包的外部，有效防止所述电池模组内部产生的高温可燃气体对所述电池包内部件的影响，保证了所述电池包的安全性能。
本公开实施例还提供了一种车辆，所述车辆包括所述的电池包。
虽然已经通过例子对本公开的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本公开的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本公开的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本公开的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池模组，包括：
    电池主体，所述电池主体包括多个电池单体(1)，多个所述电池单体(1)并排设置，每个所述电池单体(1)的顶部设置有泄压阀(11)；
    端板(3)，所述端板(3)设置于所述电池主体的端部，所述端板(3)内部具有第一排气通道；
    盖体(4)，所述盖体(4)沿多个所述电池单体(1)的排列方向设置，并且扣合于多个所述泄压阀(11)上以形成第二排气通道，所述第二排气通道与所述第一排气通道连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其中，所述第一排气通道包括内腔(33)以及与所述内腔(33)连通的进气口(31)和出气口(32)；
    所述盖体(4)的两端分别与一个所述进气口(31)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池模组，其中，所述电池模组还包括线束，所述线束设置于所述第二排气通道外部，并且与所述电池单体(1)电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述进气口(31)与所述出气口(32)错位设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述端板(3)上靠近所述进气口(31)的位置设置有卡扣(34)，所述盖体(4)的两端通过所述卡扣(34)与所述进气口(31)连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述盖体(4)的两端与所述端板(3)之间设置有第一密封层(5)；
    所述盖体(4)与所述电池主体之间设置有第二密封垫(6)。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池模组，其中，还包括侧板(2)，所述侧板(2)沿多个所述电池单体(1)的排列方向设置于所述电池主体的侧面。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池模组，其中，多个所述泄压 阀(11)呈线性排布。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池模组，其中，相邻所述电池单体(1)之间夹设有隔热层(7)。
  10. 一种电池包，其中，包括至少一个权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池模组。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池包，其中，还包括托盘，所述电池模组固定于所述托盘上；
    所述托盘内部具有第三排气通道，所述第二排气通道通过所述第一排气通道与所述第三排气通道连通。
  12. 一种车辆，其中，包括权利要求10或11所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2022/111302 2021-08-10 2022-08-10 电池模组、电池包和车辆 WO2023016472A1 (zh)

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