WO2023015727A1 - 具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体及施工方法 - Google Patents

具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体及施工方法 Download PDF

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WO2023015727A1
WO2023015727A1 PCT/CN2021/125972 CN2021125972W WO2023015727A1 WO 2023015727 A1 WO2023015727 A1 WO 2023015727A1 CN 2021125972 W CN2021125972 W CN 2021125972W WO 2023015727 A1 WO2023015727 A1 WO 2023015727A1
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wall
shaped
light steel
steel keel
special
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PCT/CN2021/125972
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谢日清
陈榕基
谢君
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上海恪耐新材料科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023015727A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023015727A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E04B2/60—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal characterised by special cross-section of the elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
    • E04B1/6801—Fillings therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E04C5/04—Mats
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/20—Tools or apparatus for applying mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
    • E04B2001/6818—Joints with swellable parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spray-built composite wall in the technical field of construction engineering, in particular to a composite wall with a light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure and a construction method.
  • the annual production of industrial by-product gypsum in my country is about 184 million tons, the utilization rate is less than 40%, and the cumulative stockpiles exceed 1 billion tons.
  • Most of the industrial by-product gypsum is discarded as waste, and the accumulation of waste residue requires a large amount of land; the acid and other harmful substances contained in it are likely to pollute the air, water quality, and surface of the surrounding environment, which is an environmental problem that needs to be solved urgently.
  • gypsum, cement and lime are called the three major cementitious materials. It is an excellent building material, which has the technical characteristics of early strength and rapid hardening, fire prevention, and energy saving. It is harmless to the human body; its production energy consumption is a quarter of that of cement.
  • the carbon emission is one-twentieth of that of cement, and it is an environmentally friendly low-carbon green environmental protection material.
  • Spraying gypsum composite wall is a new type of prefabricated building technology developed in recent years. It is composed of light steel Longge, reinforced steel mesh and gypsum wall spraying mortar; but its cost is relatively high, and the steel plate The anti-corrosion requirements of the net are also very high, thus limiting its large-scale promotion. How to structurally solve the problems of stability, safety, corrosion resistance, and low cost of the composite wall is a problem that the peers in the industry are particularly concerned about today.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite wall with a light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure and a construction method, in order to realize a construction scheme of a gypsum composite wall with stability, corrosion resistance, and low cost.
  • the technical solution of the present invention to solve the problem is: a composite wall with a light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure, wherein: the wall is made of a light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure, a grid, and gypsum mortar It is sprayed and compounded; the cross-sectional structure of the light steel keel with special-shaped cross-section structure is U-shaped and C-shaped, and the U-shaped upper and lower guide rails and C-shaped columns are fixed by screws to form a frame structure and set in the middle of the composite wall;
  • the frame structure is installed and fixed with the beams, plates and columns of the building structure by bolts, and integrated with the building structure;
  • the grid is set on one or both sides of the frame structure; the gypsum mortar is sprayed on it Wrap and cover it to form a whole seamless solid wall or a hollow wall or a composite wall with a double-wall structure.
  • the composite wall wherein the solid wall is constructed by spraying the gypsum mortar on the grid and frame structure, and completely wrapping and covering the grid and frame structure to form a fully filled solid structure composite Wall;
  • the hollow wall is formed by spraying gypsum mortar on the grids on both sides of the frame structure and covering the grids on both sides of the frame structure to form a hollow structural composite wall with the frame structure as hollow and both sides as solid body;
  • the double-layer wall is composed of a double-layer frame structure with a U-shaped or C-shaped structure and a corresponding grid.
  • the gypsum mortar is sprayed on the grid of the double-layer light steel keel and the frame structure
  • the skeleton and grid are completely wrapped and covered to form two solid wall structures composed of a single-layer frame structure, and then a composite wall with a hollow double-layer wall structure composed of these two solid walls.
  • the light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure can be divided into U-shaped or C-shaped cross-sectional shapes, wherein the U-shaped special-shaped cross-section structure is convenient for the upper and lower guide rails to be softly connected to the building structural beams and plates and fixed to the grid ,
  • the C-shaped special-shaped cross-section structure facilitates the connection between the column and the upper and lower guide rails, fixation with the grid and pre-embedding of water and electricity pipelines.
  • the light steel keel with special-shaped cross-section structure has a cross-sectional shape of C-shaped, wherein, there are concave platforms (or platforms) on the upper and lower sections along the vertical direction of its cross-section, and the two concave platforms ( or platform) are respectively provided with mounting holes; on the section along the horizontal direction of its section, there are groove ventilation holes intersecting with the vertical direction.
  • the light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure has a U-shaped cross-section, wherein installation holes are provided on the upper and lower sections along the vertical direction of its cross-section; A convex groove that intersects the direction perpendicular to the section.
  • the light steel keel, the keel materials are hot-dip galvanized steel strip, fireproof galvanized sheet, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and PVC plastic.
  • the grid includes non-metallic grids such as glass fiber nets, nylon nets, and plastic nets.
  • Stuff elastic sealing materials such as foam strips into the convex grooves at the joints between the U-shaped upper and lower guide rails and the top beam or plate, and at the joints between the C-shaped columns on both sides and the walls or columns of building structural parts;
  • the U-shaped upper and lower guide rails of the light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure, the C-shaped column, the grid and the gypsum mortar are all manufactured in the factory and delivered to the site for assembly; the gypsum mortar is transported in bags, tons of bags or in bulk.
  • the special spraying machine automatically feeds materials, supplies water, mixes and sprays layers or plasters by hand to form a wall. After hardening and drying, it becomes a non-plaster-free non-load-bearing partition wall.
  • the gypsum mortar is an inorganic gelling material made from industrial by-product gypsum, with quartz sand or vitrified beads, expanded perlite or other materials as aggregates, and other mineral materials as fillers, It is mixed with admixture in a certain ratio in the factory to produce a single-component dry powder material. When it is transported to the construction site to build a composite wall, it can be used only by adding water and stirring.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention highlights the three structural forms of the sprayed plaster composite wall, the structural characteristics of the light steel keel with special-shaped cross-section structure have improved the anti-distortion, The firm, stable and durable effect, especially under the premise of making full use of energy-saving and environmentally friendly gypsum mortar, further improves the corrosion resistance of the wall, and at the same time greatly reduces the project cost.
  • Fig. 1 is a composite wall structure schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the front view of the special-shaped (C-type) section structure of the light steel keel in the composite wall;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a right side view of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of a special-shaped (C-shaped) section structure of a light steel keel in a composite wall;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the right side of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7' is a schematic diagram of a top view of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the special-shaped (U-shaped) section structure of the light steel keel in the composite wall;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the right side of Fig. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of FIG. 8 . '
  • the composite wall with special-shaped cross-section structure light steel keel is a hollow double-layer composite wall composed of an inner layer 1 of a composite wall, a light steel keel 2 with a special-shaped cross-section structure, a hollow layer 3 of the composite wall, an outer layer 4 of the composite wall and corresponding grids.
  • the cross-sectional structure of the light steel keel in practice is specially designed as a special-shaped structure, which is called a light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure in this example
  • the special-shaped cross-section structure means that the cross-sectional shape of the keel is U-shaped or C-shaped.
  • the light steel keel with a special-shaped cross-section structure is shown in Figure 1, which is respectively arranged inside the inner and outer layers of the composite wall, and is connected with the The height of the wall.
  • the upper and lower guide rails and columns of the light steel keel with special-shaped cross-section structure are fixed at a certain distance through screws or nails (omitted in the drawings) to form a frame structure, and the frame is placed in the middle of the composite wall.
  • the frame structure is installed and fixed with the building structure beams, plates and columns by bolts (omitted in the drawings), and is integrated with the building structure.
  • the solid wall in practice is to first lay the grid on the frame structure of the composite wall, and then spray the gypsum mortar on the grid and the frame structure until the grid and the light steel keel are completely wrapped and covered to form a solid wall.
  • this embodiment deliberately emphasizes the U-shaped and C-shaped cross-sectional structural diagrams of the light steel keel shown in Figures 2-9; for example, C Type light steel keel cross-section recess (or platform) 5, C-type light steel keel cross-section recess (or platform) mounting hole 6, C-type light steel keel cross-section groove air hole 7, U-shaped light steel keel cross-section convex groove 8 , U-shaped light steel keel section recessed platform mounting hole 9, U-shaped light steel keel section platform 10; these structural designs highlight the special structure of the light steel keel U-shaped and C-shaped cross-sectional shapes and the positions of corresponding holes and grooves. Such a design can greatly improve the torsion resistance, stability and tight connection with various components of the wall frame structure.
  • the light steel keel mentioned in practice is made of hot-dip galvanized steel strip, fire-resistant galvanized sheet, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and PVC plastic; at the same time, In order to fix the grid on the frame structure, plastic rivet fittings matched with the mounting holes are additionally designed in practice.
  • the grids used in practice can be non-metallic nets such as glass fiber nets, nylon nets, and plastic nets.
  • the specific construction method also has specific implementation steps:
  • Stuff elastic sealing materials such as foam strips into the convex grooves at the joints between the U-shaped upper and lower guide rails and the top beam or plate, and at the joints between the C-shaped columns on both sides and the walls or columns of building structural parts;
  • the light steel keel U-shaped upper and lower guide rails, C-shaped columns, grids and gypsum mortar with special-shaped cross-section structure mentioned in the examples are all manufactured in the factory and assembled on site; the gypsum mortar is packed in bags, tons of bags or It is transported to the site in bulk, and is automatically fed and watered by a special spraying machine, mixed and sprayed in layers or plastered by hand to form a wall. After hardening and drying, it becomes a non-plaster-free non-load-bearing partition wall.
  • the building materials mentioned in the preparation method of composite walls can all be standardized and customized in the factory, and assembled on site;
  • the gypsum mortar is transported to the site in bags, tons of cans or in bulk, and is automatically fed, watered, stirred and layered by a special spraying machine to form a wall or manually plastered into a wall and hardened, and becomes a plaster-free wall after drying.
  • Non-load-bearing partition walls can all be standardized and customized in the factory, and assembled on site;
  • the gypsum mortar is transported to the site in bags, tons of cans or in bulk, and is automatically fed, watered, stirred and layered by a special spraying machine to form a wall or manually plastered into a wall and hardened, and becomes a plaster-free wall after drying.
  • Non-load-bearing partition walls can all be standardized and customized in the factory, and assembled on site;
  • the gypsum mortar is transported to the site in bags, tons of cans or in
  • gypsum mortar one of the important building materials for composite walls, is an inorganic cementitious material made from industrial by-product gypsum, with quartz sand or vitrified beads, expanded perlite or other materials as aggregates, Other mineral materials are used as fillers and admixtures are mixed in a certain ratio in the factory to produce a single-component dry powder material, which can be used only by adding water and stirring when transporting it to the construction site to build a composite wall. Restricting the production and deployment of gypsum mortar in this way can greatly reduce the production cost while ensuring environmental protection, and at the same time improve the project progress during on-site construction.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，所述墙体由具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨、网格、石膏砂浆喷筑复合而成，其中，由异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨U型上下导轨、C型立柱按一定间距通过螺丝或射钉固定成一框架结构并设置在复合墙体构造中间，框架结构通过螺栓与建筑结构件梁、板及立柱安装固定，与建筑结构件合为一体；网格设置在框架结构的一侧或两侧；石膏砂浆喷筑在网格上并将之包裹、覆盖，形成整体无缝隙的实心墙、空心墙、双层墙等构造的复合墙体。

Description

具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体及施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑工程技术领域的喷筑式复合墙体，尤其是一种具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体及施工方法。
背景技术
我国工业副产石膏的年产生量约为1.84亿吨，利用率不足40％，累计堆存量超过10亿吨。大部分工业副产石膏被当作废物丢弃，废渣堆存需占用大量土地；其含有的酸性及其他有害物质容易对周边环境空气、水质、地表造成污染，是亟待解决的环境难题。而石膏与水泥、石灰并称为三大胶凝材料，是一种优良的建筑材料，具有早强快硬、防火、节能的技术特征，对人体无害；其生产能耗是水泥的四分之一，碳排放是水泥的二十分之一，是一种环境友好型的低碳绿色环保材料。喷筑石膏复合墙体是近几年发展起来的一种新型装配式建筑技术，由轻钢龙哥、有筋钢板网及石膏墙体喷筑砂浆复合而成；但其成本较高，对钢板网的防腐要求也很高，从而限制了其大规模推广。如何从结构上解决复合墙体的稳定性、安全性、耐腐蚀、低成本的问题是当今业内同行尤为关注的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体及施工方法，以期实现具有稳固性、耐腐蚀、低成本的喷筑石膏复合墙体的构造方案。
为此，本发明解决所述问题的技术方案是：一种具有异形截面构造的 轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，其中：所述墙体由具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨、网格、石膏砂浆喷筑复合而成；所述具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的截面构造是U型和C型，由U型上下导轨及C型立柱经螺丝固定构成一框架结构并设置在复合墙体中间；所述框架结构再通过螺栓与建筑结构件梁、板及立柱安装固定，与建筑结构件合为一体；所述网格设置在框架结构一侧或两侧；所述石膏砂浆喷筑在其上并将之包裹、覆盖，构成整体无缝隙的实心墙或空心墙或双层墙构造的复合墙体。
进一步地：所述的复合墙体，其中的实心墙体是将所述石膏砂浆喷筑在网格及框架结构之上，并将网格及框架结构完全包裹、覆盖形成全填充的实心构造复合墙体；所述空心墙体是将石膏砂浆喷筑在框架结构两侧的网格上且将框架结构两侧的网格覆盖，形成以框架结构为空心、两侧为实心的中空构造复合墙体；所述双层墙体是双层的具有U型或C型构造的框架结构及对应网格组成，所述石膏砂浆分别喷筑在双层轻钢龙骨的网格上并将框架结构的骨架及网格完全包裹、覆盖，分别形成两面由单层框架结构构成的实心墙构造、再由这两面实心墙体构成的其层面之间为空心的双层墙体构造的复合墙体。
进一步地：所述具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨，其截面形状分为U型或C型，其中，U型异型截面构造便于上下导轨与建筑结构件梁、板进行软连接及与网格固定，C型异型截面构造便于立柱与上下导轨连结、与网格固定及水电管线预埋。
进一步地：所述具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨，其截面形状为C型，其中，沿其截面垂直方向的上下两个断面上设有凹台(或平台)，在这两 个凹台(或平台)上各自设有安装孔；在沿其截面水平方向的断面上设有与垂直方向相交的凹槽透气孔。
进一步地：所述具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨，其截面形状为U型，其中，沿其截面垂直方向的上下两个断面上设有安装孔；在沿其截面水平方向的断面上设有与截面垂直方向相交的凸槽。
优选的：所述的轻钢龙骨，其龙骨材质分别是热镀锌钢带、防火镀锌板、不锈钢、铝合金及PVC塑料。
优选的：所述的网格，包括玻纤网、尼龙网、塑料网等非金属网格。
并且，一种具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的喷筑复合墙体的施工方法，所述方法具有步骤：
(1)按墙体的设计位置放线；
(2)用膨胀螺丝或化学锚栓将U型异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨上下导轨固定于顶梁或板及楼、地板上；
(3)用自攻螺丝将C型异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨立柱与U型上下导轨固定，两侧C型立柱用膨胀螺丝或化学锚栓固定于建筑结构柱或墙上，形成一框架结构；
(4)在U型上下导轨与顶梁或板接缝处的凸槽处及两侧C型立柱与建筑结构件墙或柱接缝处塞入发泡条等弹性密封材料；
(5)将网格铺贴在所述轻钢龙骨上下导轨及立柱的侧面上，用塑料铆钉塞入安装孔中固定，再用抹刀将石膏砂浆浆料沿框架结构U型上下导轨及C型立柱的侧面涂抹，使网格粘贴在框架结构上，形成一侧或两侧全部铺网的平面；
或将工厂预混好的石膏砂浆加水搅拌成浆料，用抹刀将石膏砂浆浆料抹在框架结构U型上下导轨及C型立柱的侧面上并挤入安装孔中，随后将网格铺贴其上并用抹刀压实，使网格粘贴在框架结构上，形成一侧或两侧全部铺网的平面；
(6)待上述石膏砂浆浆料硬化后，用专用喷浆机在整体的网格上横向喷浆成条状或手工抹灰成条状，且保持条与条之间的间距具有一定距离，喷浆的厚度不能超过墙体的厚度；
(7)待上述条状石膏砂浆浆料硬化后，进行第一道墙面喷浆或手工抹灰成墙；
(8)在喷筑复合墙体与建筑结构件接缝处，铺贴250mm宽度的网格布，防止接缝处开裂；
(9)在上述墙面上进行打点及冲筋，形成可最终控制墙面厚度的标筋；
(10)待标筋硬化后，再进行第二道喷墙并沿标筋方向刮平，形成达到抹灰找平效果的墙面；
(11)通过修补或打磨，使墙面达到可以验收的标准。
优选的：所述具有异型截面构造的轻钢龙骨U型上下导轨及C型立柱、网格及石膏砂浆均在工厂制造，运抵现场组装；石膏砂浆采用袋装、吨袋装或散装方式运抵现场，经专用喷浆机自动加料、给水，搅拌及分层喷筑或手工抹灰成墙，硬化干燥后成为免抹灰的非承重隔墙。
优选的：所述石膏砂浆是一种由工业副产石膏为原料制作的无机胶凝材料、以石英砂或玻化微珠、膨胀珍珠岩或其它材料为骨料，以其他矿物材料为填料，和外加剂按一定配比在工厂混合生产成单一组份的干粉材料， 将其运至施工现场建筑复合墙体时仅需加水搅拌即可使用。
相比现有技术，由于本发明的技术方案突出了喷筑石膏复合墙体的三种结构的形态，利用异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的结构特点提升了喷筑石膏复合墙体的抗扭曲、牢固稳定、经久耐用的功效，尤其是充分利用节能环保石膏砂浆的前提下进一步提升了墙体的抗腐蚀性能，同时大大降低工程造价。
附图说明
图1为本发明的复合墙体结构示意图；
图2是关于复合墙体中的轻钢龙骨的异型(C型)截面构造主视示意图；
图3是关于图2的右视示意图；
图4是关于图2的俯视示意图；
图5是关于复合墙体中的轻钢龙骨的异型(C型)截面构造主视示意图；
图6是关于图5的右视示意图；
图7‘是关于图5的俯视示意图；
图8是关于复合墙体中的轻钢龙骨的异型(U型)截面构造主视示意图；
图9是关于图8的右视示意图；
图10是关于图8的俯视示意图。’
图中：1-复合墙体的内层，2-具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨，3-复合墙体的空心层，4-复合墙体的外层，5-C型轻钢龙骨截面凹台(或平台)，6-C型轻钢龙骨截面凹台(或平台)安装孔，7-C型轻钢龙骨截面凹槽透气孔，8-U型轻钢龙骨截面凸槽，9-U型轻钢龙骨截面平台安装孔，10-U型轻钢龙骨截面平台。
具体实施方式
参见附图1-10，以下几个实施例给出了具有异形截面构造轻钢龙骨的复合墙体之说明。它是由复合墙体的内层1，具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨2，复合墙体的空心层3，复合墙体的外层4及对应网格构成的中空双层复合墙体。其中，如附图2-9所示，从墙体的稳固性考虑，实践中的轻钢龙骨，其截面构造特意设计成异形结构，这在本例中称之为异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨，其异型截面构造是指龙骨的截面形状是U型或C型，附图1所示的是具有异型截面构造的轻钢龙骨，分别设置在复合墙体的内、外层的内部，且与墙体等高。
实践中是将具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨(附图省略的)上下导轨、立柱按一定间距通过(附图省略的)螺丝或射钉固定成一框架结构并将框架设置在复合墙体中间，所述框架结构再通过(附图省略的)螺栓与建筑结构件梁、板及立柱安装固定，与建筑结构件合为一体。在轻钢龙骨(附图省略的)上下导轨、两侧立柱与建筑结构件梁、板及立柱接缝处，填如胶条、聚苯乙烯泡沫条、发泡条之类的密封材料。将网格用塑料铆钉固定在安装孔6、9上，用抹刀将石膏砂浆浆料抹在框架结构U型上下导轨及C型立柱的侧面上，使网格粘贴在框架结构上，形成一侧或两侧全部铺网的平面；或用抹刀将石膏砂浆浆料抹在框架结构U型上下导轨及C型立柱的侧面上并挤入安装孔6、9中，随后将网格铺贴其上并用抹刀压实，使网格粘贴在框架结构上，形成一侧或两侧全部铺网的平面；再将石膏砂浆喷筑在其上并将之包裹、覆盖，构成整体无缝隙的实心墙或空心墙或双层墙构造的复合墙体。
实践中的实心墙体是先将网格铺设在所述复合墙体的框架结构上，然后将石膏砂浆喷筑在网格及框架结构上，直至将网格及轻钢龙骨完全包裹、覆盖形成全填充的实心构造的复合墙体；或者，若将本例中的复合墙体做成空心墙体，则将石膏砂浆喷筑在所述框架结构的轻钢龙骨两侧的网格上，直至网格全部覆盖，形成以框架结构轻钢龙骨为中心、两侧墙体为实心的中空构造复合墙体；或者，如前例所述，实践中的双层墙体是先将石膏砂浆分别喷筑在墙体两侧(也可称之为内、外墙)的轻钢龙骨的网格上，将框架结构轻钢龙骨和网格完全包裹、覆盖，直至分别形成两面由单层框架结构轻钢龙骨和网格构成的实心墙体，再由这两面实心墙体构成的其层面之间为空心的双层墙体构造的复合墙体。
如前所述，为了提高墙体的稳定牢固性、安全保障性，本实施例刻意强调了如附图2-9所示的轻钢龙骨呈U型和C型的截面构造图；例如，C型轻钢龙骨截面凹台(或平台)5，C型轻钢龙骨截面凹台(或平台)安装孔6，C型轻钢龙骨截面凹槽透气孔7，U型轻钢龙骨截面凸槽8，U型轻钢龙骨截面凹台安装孔9，U型轻钢龙骨截面平台10；这些结构设计突显了轻钢龙骨U型和C型截面形状的特殊构造及对应孔、槽的位置。如此设计，可以大大提升墙体框架结构的抗扭曲性、稳定性和与各部件的紧密连结性。
根据装配式建筑的非承重墙的应力计算和应用场合，实践中所述的轻钢龙骨，其龙骨材质分别是热镀锌钢带、防火镀锌板、不锈钢、铝合金及PVC塑料；同时，为了便将网格固定于框架结构上，实践中另行设计了与安装孔配套的塑料铆钉配件。而实践用到的的网格，可以分别是玻纤网、尼 龙网、塑料网等非金属网。
针对实施例所说的复合墙体，具体的施工方法亦有具体的实施步骤：
(1)按墙体的设计位置放线；
(2)用膨胀螺丝或化学锚栓将U型异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨上下导轨固定于顶梁或板及楼、地板上；
(3)用自攻螺丝将C型异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨立柱与U型上下导轨固定，两侧C型立柱用膨胀螺丝或化学锚栓固定于建筑结构柱或墙上，形成一框架结构；
(4)在U型上下导轨与顶梁或板接缝处的凸槽处及两侧C型立柱与建筑结构件墙或柱接缝处塞入发泡条等弹性密封材料；
(5)将网格铺贴在所述轻钢龙骨上下导轨及立柱的侧面上，用塑料铆钉塞入安装孔中固定，再用抹刀将石膏砂浆浆料沿框架结构U型上下导轨及C型立柱的侧面涂抹，使网格粘贴在框架结构上，形成一侧或两侧全部铺网的平面；
或将工厂预混好的石膏砂浆加水搅拌成浆料，用抹刀将石膏砂浆浆料抹在框架结构U型上下导轨及C型立柱的侧面上并挤入安装孔中，随后将网格铺贴其上并用抹刀压实，使网格粘贴在框架结构上，形成一侧或两侧全部铺网的平面；
(6)待上述石膏砂浆浆料硬化后，用专用喷浆机在整体的网格上横向喷浆成条状或手工抹灰成条状，且保持条与条之间的间距具有一定距离，喷浆的厚度不能超过墙体的厚度；
(7)待上述条状石膏砂浆浆料硬化后，进行第一道墙面喷浆或手工抹 灰成墙；
(8)在喷筑复合墙体与建筑结构件接缝处，铺贴250mm宽度的网格布，防止接缝处开裂；
(9)在上述墙面上进行打点及冲筋，形成可最终控制墙面厚度的标筋；
(10)待标筋硬化后，再进行第二道喷墙并沿标筋方向刮平，形成达到抹灰找平效果的墙面；
(11)通过修补或打磨，使墙面达到可以验收的标准。
实践中，实施例所讲的具有异型截面构造的轻钢龙骨U型上下导轨及C型立柱、网格及石膏砂浆均在工厂制造，运抵现场组装；石膏砂浆采用袋装、吨袋装或散装方式运抵现场，经专用喷浆机自动加料、给水，搅拌及分层喷筑或手工抹灰成墙，硬化干燥后成为免抹灰的非承重隔墙。
实践中，复合墙体的制备方法中所说的建材，如具有异型截面构造的轻钢龙骨的导轨和立柱、网格和石膏砂浆的配料均可在工厂标准化定制，运抵现场组装；其中的石膏砂浆采用袋装、吨罐装或散装的方式运抵现场，经专用喷浆机自动加料、给水，搅拌及分层喷射砂浆成墙或手工抹灰成墙硬化，干燥后成为免抹灰的非承重隔墙。实践中，构成复合墙体的重要建材之一石膏砂浆是一种由工业副产石膏为原料制作的无机胶凝材料、以石英砂或玻化微珠、膨胀珍珠岩或其它材料为骨料，以其他矿物材料为填料与外加剂按一定配比在工厂混合生产成单一组份的干粉材料，将其运至施工现场建筑复合墙体时仅需加水搅拌即可使用。如此限定石膏砂浆的制作、调配，可以在保证环保的前提下大幅度降低制作成本，同时提升现场施工时的工程进度。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，其特征在于：所述墙体由具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨、网格、石膏砂浆喷筑复合而成；所述具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的截面构造是U型和C型，由U型上下导轨及C型立柱经螺丝固定构成一框架结构并设置在复合墙体中间；所述框架结构再通过螺栓与建筑结构件梁、板及立柱安装固定，与建筑结构件合为一体；所述网格设置在框架结构一侧或两侧；所述石膏砂浆喷筑在其上并将之包裹、覆盖，构成整体无缝隙的实心墙或空心墙或双层墙构造的复合墙体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，其特征在于：所述的复合墙体，其中的实心墙体是将所述石膏砂浆喷筑在网格及框架结构之上，并将网格及框架结构完全包裹、覆盖形成全填充的实心构造复合墙体；所述空心墙体是将石膏砂浆喷筑在框架结构两侧的网格上且将框架结构两侧的网格覆盖，形成以框架结构为空心、两侧为实心的中空构造复合墙体；所述双层墙体是双层的具有U型或C型构造的框架结构及对应网格组成，所述石膏砂浆分别喷筑在双层轻钢龙骨的网格上并将框架结构的骨架及网格完全包裹、覆盖，分别形成两面由单层框架结构构成的实心墙构造、再由这两面实心墙体构成的其层面之间为空心的双层墙体构造的复合墙体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，其特征在于：所述具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨，其截面形状分为U型或C型，其中，U型异型截面构造便于上下导轨与建筑结构件梁、板进行软连接及与网格固定，C型异型截面构造便于立柱与上下导轨连结、与网格固定及水电 管线预埋。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，其特征在于：所述具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨，其截面形状为C型，其中，沿其截面垂直方向的上下两个断面上设有凹台(或平台)，在这两个凹台(或平台)上各自设有安装孔；在沿其截面水平方向的断面上设有与垂直方向相交的凹槽透气孔。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，其特征在于：所述具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨，其截面形状为U型，其中，沿其截面垂直方向的上下两个断面上设有安装孔；在沿其截面水平方向的断面上设有与截面垂直方向相交的凸槽。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，其特征在于：所述的轻钢龙骨，其龙骨材质分别是热镀锌钢带、防火镀锌板、不锈钢、铝合金及PVC塑料。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体，其特征在于：所述的网格，包括玻纤网、尼龙网、塑料网等非金属网格。
  8. 一种具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的喷筑复合墙体的施工方法，其特征在于：所述方法具有步骤：
    (1)按墙体的设计位置放线；
    (2)用膨胀螺丝或化学锚栓将U型异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨上下导轨固定于顶梁或板及楼、地板上；
    (3)用自攻螺丝将C型异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨立柱与U型上下导轨固定，两侧C型立柱用膨胀螺丝或化学锚栓固定于建筑结构柱或墙上，形成一框 架结构；
    (4)在U型上下导轨与顶梁或板接缝处的凸槽处及两侧C型立柱与建筑结构件墙或柱接缝处塞入发泡条等弹性密封材料；
    (5)将网格铺贴在所述轻钢龙骨上下导轨及立柱的侧面上，用塑料铆钉塞入安装孔中固定，再用抹刀将石膏砂浆浆料沿框架结构U型上下导轨及C型立柱的侧面涂抹，使网格粘贴在框架结构上，形成一侧或两侧全部铺网的平面；
    或将工厂预混好的石膏砂浆加水搅拌成浆料，用抹刀将石膏砂浆浆料抹在框架结构U型上下导轨及C型立柱的侧面上并挤入安装孔中，随后将网格铺贴其上并用抹刀压实，使网格粘贴在框架结构上，形成一侧或两侧全部铺网的平面；
    (6)待上述石膏砂浆浆料硬化后，用专用喷浆机在整体的网格上横向喷浆成条状或手工抹灰成条状，且保持条与条之间的间距具有一定距离，喷浆的厚度不能超过墙体的厚度；
    (7)待上述条状石膏砂浆浆料硬化后，进行第一道墙面喷浆或手工抹灰成墙；
    (8)在喷筑复合墙体与建筑结构件接缝处，铺贴250mm宽度的网格布，防止接缝处开裂；
    (9)在上述墙面上进行打点及冲筋，形成可最终控制墙面厚度的标筋；
    (10)待标筋硬化后，再进行第二道喷墙并沿标筋方向刮平，形成达到抹灰找平效果的墙面；
    (11)通过修补或打磨，使墙面达到可以验收的标准。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述具有异型截面构造的轻钢龙骨U型上下导轨及C型立柱、网格及石膏砂浆均在工厂制造，运抵现场组装；石膏砂浆采用袋装、吨袋装或散装方式运抵现场，经专用喷浆机自动加料、给水，搅拌及分层喷筑或手工抹灰成墙，硬化干燥后成为免抹灰的非承重隔墙。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的具有异形截面构造的轻钢龙骨的复合墙体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述石膏砂浆是一种由工业副产石膏为原料制作的无机胶凝材料、以石英砂或玻化微珠、膨胀珍珠岩或其它材料为骨料，以其他矿物材料为填料，和外加剂按一定配比在工厂混合生产成单一组份的干粉材料，将其运至施工现场建筑复合墙体时仅需加水搅拌即可使用。
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