WO2023008949A1 - 도전재 분산액, 이를 이용하여 제조된 전극 및 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
도전재 분산액, 이를 이용하여 제조된 전극 및 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023008949A1 WO2023008949A1 PCT/KR2022/011192 KR2022011192W WO2023008949A1 WO 2023008949 A1 WO2023008949 A1 WO 2023008949A1 KR 2022011192 W KR2022011192 W KR 2022011192W WO 2023008949 A1 WO2023008949 A1 WO 2023008949A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive material dispersion, and an electrode and a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a conductive material dispersion in which the increase in viscosity can be suppressed by using a nitrile-based copolymer having a specific residual double bond as a main dispersant and a copolymer including a specific unit as an auxiliary dispersant, and a dispersion thereof. It relates to an electrode manufactured using and a lithium secondary battery.
- a secondary battery is a battery that can be used repeatedly through a charging process in the opposite direction to a discharging process in which chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
- a secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator, and the positive electrode and negative electrode generally consist of an electrode current collector and an electrode active material layer formed on the electrode current collector.
- the electrode active material layer is prepared by applying an electrode slurry composition including an electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and the like on an electrode current collector, drying it, and then rolling it.
- Various materials may be used as the conductive material, but recently, a technique of using carbon nanotubes as a conductive material has been attracting attention in order to maximize conductivity.
- a conductive material dispersion is first prepared by mixing a dispersant such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, etc. in a solvent, and then the conductive material dispersion is used as an electrode slurry method was developed.
- a dispersant such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, etc.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a conductive material dispersion that can maximally suppress an increase in viscosity even when stored for a long time or exposed to high temperatures.
- the present invention is to provide an electrode and a secondary battery manufactured using the conductive material dispersion.
- a carbon nanotube, a dispersing agent, and a dispersing medium are included, the dispersing agent includes a main dispersing agent and an auxiliary dispersing agent, the main dispersing agent is a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer, and the The residual double bond value of the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer satisfies 0.3% by weight or less, and the auxiliary dispersant includes an oxyalkylene unit; and at least one of a styrene unit and an alkylene unit; a conductive material dispersion liquid containing a copolymer is provided.
- the BD weight is the weight of the conjugated diene-derived structural unit in the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer
- the HBD weight is the weight of the hydrogenated conjugated diene-derived structural unit in the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer
- an electrode including an electrode active material layer formed of an electrode slurry composition, wherein the electrode slurry composition includes an electrode active material, a conductive material dispersion of the above embodiment, a binder, and a solvent is provided do.
- a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte
- the anode may be the electrode of the embodiment.
- the conductive material dispersion according to the present invention includes a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer having a residual double bond value of 0.3% by weight or less and an oxyalkylene unit; and at least one of a styrene unit and an alkylene unit; therefore, an increase in the viscosity of the conductive material dispersion may be effectively suppressed even during long-term storage or exposure to high temperatures. Accordingly, during the process of transporting and coating the electrode slurry, the discharge and loading control of the electrode slurry is smooth, and the lifespan characteristics of the manufactured battery can be improved.
- specific surface area is measured by the BET method, and can be specifically calculated from the nitrogen gas adsorption amount under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II of BEL Japan.
- D 50 and D 90 may be defined as particle diameters corresponding to 50% and 90% of the cumulative volume, respectively, in the particle size distribution curve.
- the D 50 and D 90 can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method is generally capable of measuring particle diameters of several millimeters in the submicron region, and can obtain results with high reproducibility and high resolution.
- weight average molecular weight means a value in terms of standard polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Specifically, the weight average molecular weight is a value obtained by converting a value measured under the following conditions using GPC, and standard polystyrene of the Agilent system was used to prepare a calibration curve.
- the BD weight and the HBD weight for calculating the residual double bond value can be confirmed by the 1H HR-MAS NMR method.
- solution NMR (1H-13C HSQC NMR, room temperature conditions) may be performed by dissolving about 5 mg of the dried hydrogenated nitrile copolymer sample in about 0.5 ml of deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ) and then sampling.
- CDCl 3 deuterated chloroform
- a conductive material dispersion liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention includes carbon nanotubes, a dispersing agent, and a dispersing medium, the dispersing agent includes a main dispersing agent and an auxiliary dispersing agent, the main dispersing agent is a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer, and the following formula 1
- the BD weight is the weight of the conjugated diene-derived structural unit in the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer
- the HBD weight is the weight of the hydrogenated conjugated diene-derived structural unit in the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer
- a carbon nanotube has a graphite sheet having a cylindrical shape with a nano-sized diameter and an sp2 bonding structure, and exhibits characteristics of a conductor or a semiconductor depending on the angle and structure at which the graphite sheet is rolled.
- Carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), depending on the number of bonds constituting the wall. carbon nanotube).
- the conductivity of the electrode can be secured even with a small content.
- the carbon nanotubes may have a secondary shape formed by aggregating or arranging a plurality of carbon nanotubes, for example, a bundle in which a plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged or aligned side by side in a certain direction.
- it may be a bundle type carbon nanotube in the form of a rope or an entangled type carbon nanotube in the form of a sphere or potato in which a plurality of carbon nanotubes are entangled without a certain direction.
- the carbon nanotubes are more preferably bundled carbon nanotubes.
- D 50 of the carbon nanotubes may be 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, specifically 2.5 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
- D 90 of the carbon nanotubes may be 6 ⁇ m to 10.5 ⁇ m, specifically 6.5 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m. Satisfying the above range means that the bundled carbon nanotubes used as a raw material in the conductive material dispersion are satisfied. is effectively dispersed, and therefore electrode and cell resistance improvement is effective.
- the carbon nanotubes may be included in the conductive material dispersion in an amount of 2% to 8% by weight, specifically 3% to 6% by weight, and more specifically 3% to 4.5% by weight. .
- it is easy to transfer and input the electrode slurry while maintaining high productivity.
- the solid content of the prepared electrode slurry is not excessively low, binder migration is suppressed during electrode drying, and thus electrode adhesion may be improved.
- the conductive material dispersion according to the present embodiment includes at least two or more dispersants.
- the dispersing agent may include a main dispersing agent and an auxiliary dispersing agent.
- the main dispersant is for improving the dispersibility of carbon nanotubes in the conductive material dispersion, and may be a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer is a copolymer comprising an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile-derived structural unit and a hydrogenated conjugated diene-derived structural unit, or an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile-derived structural unit, a conjugated diene-derived structural unit, and hydrogenated It may be a copolymer comprising a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer may be a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer in which all of the structural units derived from the conjugated diene are hydrogenated and the structural units derived from the conjugated diene are not included. It may also be a partially hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer in which structural units derived from hydrogenated conjugated dienes are contained together with structural units derived from conjugated dienes.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer may be hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, specifically partially hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
- the hydrogenation method of the conjugated diene may be carried out through a hydrogenation reaction known in the art, for example, a catalytic hydrogenation reaction using a catalyst system such as Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, the amount of catalyst, and the reaction hydrogen pressure.
- the hydrogenation rate can be controlled by adjusting the reaction time and the like.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile monomer for example, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile may be used, and one or a mixture of two or more of them may be used.
- conjugated diene-based monomer for example, conjugated diene-based monomers having 4 to 6 carbon atoms such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, or 2,3-methyl butadiene may be used, and one or two of these monomers may be used. Mixtures of the above may be used.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile-derived structural unit may be included in the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer in an amount of 20% to 50% by weight, specifically 30% to 40% by weight.
- the affinity between the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer and the solvent is at an appropriate level, it is effective in preparing a conductive material dispersion.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer may have a residual double bond value of 0.3 wt% or less (0 wt% to 3 wt%) according to Formula 1 below, specifically 0.01 wt% to 0.3 wt%, more specifically 0.1 wt% to 0.3% by weight, for example, 0.1% to 0.25% by weight.
- the BD weight is the weight of the conjugated diene-derived structural unit in the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer
- the HBD weight is the weight of the hydrogenated conjugated diene-derived structural unit in the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer
- the residual double bond value exceeds 0.3% by weight, the high-temperature phase stability of the conductive material dispersion is deteriorated, and side reactions in the electrolyte solution easily occur.
- process stability and battery life characteristics of the conductive material dispersion and the electrode slurry can be improved by adjusting the residual double bond value to an appropriate value and using it together with the auxiliary dispersant.
- the residual double bond value may be 0% by weight, but may be preferably 0.01% by weight or more in consideration of cost and yield according to the technical level.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer may include a unit represented by the following [Formula 1] and a repeating unit represented by the following [Formula 2], or a unit represented by the following [Formula 1] , It may include a unit represented by the following [Formula 2] and a unit represented by the following [Formula 3].
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer may have a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol, and specifically, 20,000 g/mol to 40,000 g/mol. When the above range is satisfied, low viscosity of the conductive material dispersion may be secured.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer may be included in an amount of 0.2% to 3.2% by weight, specifically, 0.6% by weight to 1.5% by weight in the conductive material dispersion.
- the carbon nanotubes can be smoothly dispersed in the conductive material dispersion, and the energy density of the manufactured electrode can be improved and the resistance can be reduced.
- the auxiliary dispersant is for improving the dispersibility of the conductive material by assisting the main dispersant, and is a copolymer including an oxyalkylene unit, a styrene unit, and/or an alkylene unit.
- the oxyalkylene unit may be represented by Formula 4 below.
- R 1 is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the oxyalkylene unit is included in an amount of 20 to 85% by weight, preferably 30 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the auxiliary dispersant (a copolymer comprising an oxyalkylene unit and a styrene unit and/or an alkylene unit).
- the auxiliary dispersant a copolymer comprising an oxyalkylene unit and a styrene unit and/or an alkylene unit.
- the styrene unit may be represented by Chemical Formula 5 below.
- R 2 may be hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a combination thereof.
- the styrene unit may be included in an amount of 70% by weight or less, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the auxiliary dispersant (a copolymer including oxyalkylene units and styrene units and/or alkylene units).
- the auxiliary dispersant a copolymer including oxyalkylene units and styrene units and/or alkylene units.
- the alkylene unit may be represented by the following [Formula 6].
- n may be an integer of 1 to 50, preferably an integer of 3 to 30.
- the alkylene unit is contained in an amount of 50% by weight or less, preferably 20% to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the auxiliary dispersant (a copolymer comprising an oxyalkylene unit and a styrene unit and/or an alkylene unit).
- the auxiliary dispersant a copolymer comprising an oxyalkylene unit and a styrene unit and/or an alkylene unit.
- the copolymer corresponding to the auxiliary dispersant according to the present invention is a copolymer containing an oxyalkylene unit and a styrene unit, a copolymer containing an oxyalkylene unit and an alkylene unit, or an oxyalkylene unit, styrene unit and a copolymer containing an alkylene unit.
- the conductive material dispersion is a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer (main dispersant) having a residual double bond value of 0.3% by weight or less and an oxyalkylene unit; and at least one of a styrene unit and an alkylene unit; therefore, an increase in the viscosity of the conductive material dispersion may be effectively suppressed even during long-term storage or exposure to high temperatures.
- This does not simply mean the viscosity of the prepared conductive material dispersion, but has a different meaning from the conventional one in that it is possible to suppress the increase in viscosity of the conductive material dispersion, which is likely to be stored or exposed to high temperatures due to industrial characteristics, as much as possible. Accordingly, during the process of transporting and coating the electrode slurry, the discharge and loading control of the electrode slurry is smooth, and the lifespan characteristics of the manufactured battery can be improved.
- the auxiliary dispersant copolymer of the present invention as described above may be prepared using a copolymer preparation method well known in the art.
- the auxiliary dispersant copolymer may be prepared by polymerization of compounds capable of inducing each unit, or may be prepared by reacting a compound including each unit through an acid-base reaction or the like. there is. .
- Examples of the compound capable of inducing an oxyalkylene unit include polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, and alkylene oxide compounds such as (poly)ethylene oxide and (poly)propylene oxide. This may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- Compounds capable of deriving styrene units include, for example, styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, vinyltoluene, chloromethylstyrene, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, vinylbenzenesulfonate, methoxymethylstyrene, benzyl (meth) Acrylates and the like may be used, but are not limited thereto.
- an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer for example, an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, an alkene monomer, and the like can be used.
- alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer examples include methyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, n-amyl (meth)acrylate, isoamyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylbutyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate , cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (
- alkene monomer examples include propene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene, tridecene, tetradecene, octadecene, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the compound containing each of the above units for example, polyalkylene glycol, polyalkylene-styrene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyalkylene imine, oxyalkylene and / or alkylene
- a surfactant containing a unit may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the auxiliary dispersant may have a weight average molecular weight of 800 to 50,000 g/mol, preferably 800 to 30,000 g/mol.
- the weight average molecular weight of the auxiliary dispersant satisfies the above range, the viscosity of the conductive material dispersion may be effectively reduced.
- the auxiliary dispersant may be included in an amount of 0.1% to 2.0% by weight, specifically, 0.2% to 0.5% by weight in the conductive material dispersion.
- the energy density of the manufactured electrode may not decrease while the effect of reducing the viscosity of the conductive material dispersion is maintained over time.
- the weight ratio of the main dispersant and the auxiliary dispersant may be 30:70 to 90:10, specifically 60:40 to 90:10, and more specifically 70:30 to 80:20. When the above range is satisfied, an increase in viscosity of the conductive material dispersion may be effectively suppressed during long-term storage or exposure to high temperatures.
- the main dispersing agent and the auxiliary dispersing agent may be included in a total amount of 0.5% to 3.5% by weight (sum of the main dispersing agent and the auxiliary dispersing agent) in the conductive material dispersion, and specifically 0.9% to 1.8% by weight. When the above range is satisfied, the dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes may be further improved.
- the dispersion medium may be an organic solvent containing one or two or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom (N) and an oxygen atom (O) having unshared electron pairs.
- the dispersion medium is an amide-based polar organic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), diethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP); Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol), 1-butanol (n-butanol), 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol), 2-butanol (sec-butanol), 1-methyl alcohols such as -2-propanol (tert-butanol), pentanol, hexanol, heptanol or octanol; glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, or hexylene glycol; polyhydric alcohols such as glycer
- the conductive material dispersion of the present invention including the above components may be prepared by mixing carbon nanotubes, a main dispersing agent, an auxiliary dispersing agent, and a dispersing medium.
- the mixing may be performed using a conventional mixing method, specifically, a mixing device such as a homogenizer, a bead mill, a ball mill, a basket mill, an attrition mill, a universal stirrer, a clear mixer, a spike mill, or a TK mixer.
- a mixing device such as a homogenizer, a bead mill, a ball mill, a basket mill, an attrition mill, a universal stirrer, a clear mixer, a spike mill, or a TK mixer.
- the mixing order of each component is not particularly limited.
- the conductive material dispersion according to the present invention may be formed by adding carbon nanotubes to a dispersion medium, then adding a main dispersing agent and an auxiliary dispersing agent, and then mixing the mixture. It may be made by mixing the tubes, or it may be made by adding the main dispersing agent, the auxiliary dispersing agent, and the carbon nanotubes together to the dispersion medium and then mixing them.
- a cavitation dispersion treatment may be performed to increase the dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes.
- the cavitation dispersion treatment is a dispersion treatment method using shock waves generated by rupture of vacuum bubbles generated in water when high energy is applied to the liquid, and by the method, carbon nanotubes can be dispersed without damaging their properties.
- the cavitation dispersion treatment may be performed by ultrasonic waves, jet mill, or shear dispersion treatment.
- the electrode according to the present invention includes an electrode active material layer formed of an electrode slurry composition including an electrode active material, a conductive material dispersion, and a binder.
- the electrode includes an electrode current collector and an electrode active material layer formed on the electrode current collector, and the electrode active material layer may be formed of an electrode slurry composition including an electrode active material, a conductive material dispersion, and a binder there is.
- the conductive material dispersion liquid is the above-described conductive material dispersion liquid according to the present invention. Since the contents of the conductive material dispersion are the same as those described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted, and the remaining components will be described below.
- the electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, alloys thereof, carbon, nickel, A surface treated with titanium, silver, or the like, or calcined carbon, or the like may be used.
- the electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to enhance bonding strength of the negative electrode active material.
- the electrode current collector may be used in various forms such as, for example, a film, sheet, foil, net, porous material, foam, or non-woven fabric.
- the electrode active material (a) included in the electrode active material layer may be positive active materials or negative active materials generally used in the art, and the type is not particularly limited.
- lithium oxide containing lithium and at least one metal such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, or aluminum may be used as the cathode active material.
- the lithium oxide is a lithium-manganese-based oxide (eg, LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O, etc.), a lithium-cobalt-based oxide (eg, LiCoO 2 , etc.), a lithium-nickel-based oxide (eg, eg LiNiO 2 , etc.), lithium-nickel-manganese oxides (eg LiNi 1-Y1 Mn Y1 O2 (where 0 ⁇ Y1 ⁇ 1), LiNi Z1 Mn 2-Z1 O 4 (where 0 ⁇ Z1 ⁇ 2), etc.), lithium-nickel-cobalt-based oxide (eg, LiNi 1-Y2 Co Y2 O 2 (here, 0 ⁇ Y2 ⁇ 1), etc.), lithium-manganese-cobalt-based oxide (eg, For example, Li, LiM
- the negative electrode active material for example, artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, carbonaceous materials such as amorphous carbon; metallic compounds capable of being alloyed with lithium, such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloys, Sn alloys, or Al alloys; metal oxides capable of doping and undoping lithium, such as SiO v (0 ⁇ v ⁇ 2), SnO 2 , vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide; or a composite including the metallic compound and the carbonaceous material, such as a Si—C composite or a Sn—C composite, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- a metal lithium thin film may be used as the anode active material.
- the carbon material both low crystalline carbon and high crystalline carbon may be used.
- the electrode active material may be included in an amount of 70 to 99% by weight, preferably 80 to 98% by weight based on the total solid content in the electrode slurry composition.
- the content of the cathode active material satisfies the above range, excellent energy density, electrode adhesion and electrical conductivity can be realized.
- the binder is used to secure adhesion between electrode active materials or between an electrode active material and a current collector, and common binders used in the art may be used, and the type is not particularly limited.
- the binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxylate.
- Methylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated - EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and the like, and one of them alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- CMC Methylcellulose
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- fluororubber or various copolymers thereof, and the like, and one of them alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 5% by weight or less, preferably 1 to 3% by weight, based on the total solid content in the electrode slurry composition. When the content of the binder satisfies the above range, excellent electrode adhesion may be implemented while minimizing an increase in electrode resistance.
- the electrode slurry composition may further include a solvent, if necessary, for viscosity control.
- the solvent may be water, an organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- the organic solvent include amide-based polar organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), diethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP); Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol), 1-butanol (n-butanol), 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol), 2-butanol (sec-butanol), 1-methyl alcohols such as -2-propanol (tert-butanol), pentanol, hexanol, heptanol or octanol; glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanedio
- the solvent may be included in an amount such that the solid content in the electrode slurry is 60 to 85% by weight, preferably 65 to 80% by weight.
- the electrode loading amount may decrease and process cost may increase, and binder migration may occur, resulting in deterioration in electrode adhesion and poor coating.
- the solid content of the electrode slurry exceeds 85% by weight, the viscosity of the electrode slurry becomes too high, resulting in poor fairness and poor coating.
- the electrode according to the present invention may be prepared by applying an electrode slurry composition containing the above components and drying to form an electrode active material layer.
- the electrode active material layer is obtained by applying the electrode slurry on an electrode current collector and then drying it, or applying the electrode slurry on a separate support and then peeling the resulting film from the support on the electrode current collector. It can be formed through a method of lamination. If necessary, after the electrode active material layer is formed through the above method, a rolling process may be additionally performed. At this time, drying and rolling may be performed under appropriate conditions in consideration of the physical properties of the electrode to be finally manufactured, and are not particularly limited.
- a secondary battery according to the present invention includes the electrode of the present invention described above.
- the electrode may be at least one of an anode and a cathode.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be the electrode of the present invention described above. there is.
- the electrode of the present invention may be an anode.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it is normally used as a separator in a secondary battery.
- a porous polymer film as the separator for example, a porous film made of a polyolefin polymer such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer
- a polymer film or a laminated structure of two or more layers thereof may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high-melting glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like may be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may be selectively used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- electrolyte examples include, but are not limited to, organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in manufacturing a lithium secondary battery.
- the electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a metal salt.
- non-aqueous organic solvent for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyllolactone, 1,2-dimethine Toxyethane, tetrahydroxyfuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxorane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, Phosphoric acid triesters, trimethoxy methane, dioxolane derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, ethers, methyl propionate,
- An aprotic organic solvent such as ethyl propionate may be
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- an electrolyte having high electrical conductivity can be made and can be used more preferably.
- the metal salt may be a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is a material that is easily soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the anion of the lithium salt is F - , Cl - , I - , NO 3 - , N (CN ) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3
- the electrolyte may include, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and triglycerides for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity decrease, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and triglycerides
- Ethyl phosphite triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphoric acid triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imida
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included.
- H-NBR hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- main dispersant Mw (g/mol) Residual double bonds (RDB, % by weight) Acrylonitrile-derived unit content (% by weight) (A1) 40,000 0.2 34 (A2) 220,000 0.3 34 (A3) 30,000 9.5 31
- auxiliary dispersant type Mw (g/mol) unit content (B1) Copolymer of polyethylene glycol and styrene (copolymer containing oxyalkylene units and styrene units) 1,250 Oxyalkylene unit content: 71.8% by weight Styrene unit content: 28.2% by weight (B2) Polyvinyl butyral copolymer containing units derived from vinyl alcohol 40,000 Unit content derived from vinyl alcohol: 40% by weight
- the content of each unit in the copolymer was measured through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
- C1 Bundled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT, manufacturer: LG CHEM) having a BET specific surface area of 185 m 2 /g were used.
- C2 Bundled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT, manufacturer: LG CHEM) having a BET specific surface area of 260 m 2 /g were used.
- Example 1 (A1) 1.5 (B1) 0.5 (C1) 6 Example 2 (A1) 0.75 (B1) 0.25 (C2) 4 Example 3 (A1) 1.8 (B1) 0.2 (C1) 6 Example 4 (A1) 1.0 (B1) 1.0 (C1) 6 Example 5 (A2) 1.5 (B1) 0.5 (C1) 6 Comparative Example 1 (A1) 2.0 (B1) 0 (C1) 6 Comparative Example 2 (A3) 0.75 (B1) 0.25 (C2) 4 Comparative Example 3 (A1) 1.5 (B2) 0.5 (C1) 6
- the particle sizes of each of the conductive material dispersions of Examples and Comparative Examples were analyzed through laser diffraction and are shown in Table 4. Specifically, after dispersing the conductive material dispersion in a solvent, it is introduced into a laser diffraction particle size measuring device (Malvern, Mastersizer 3000) to calculate the particle size distribution by measuring the difference in diffraction pattern according to the particle size when the particles pass through the laser beam did D 50 and D 90 were measured by checking the particle diameter at the point where the volume cumulative distribution according to the particle diameter was 50% and 90%.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device Malvern, Mastersizer 3000
- the viscosity of the conductive material dispersions prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was measured using a viscometer (Brookfield Co., viscometer DV2T, LV) at 23° C. 12 rpm, and is shown in Table 4.
- Viscosity increase rate (%) ⁇ (Viscosity of the conductive material dispersion after storage at 25°C for 4 weeks - Viscosity immediately after preparation of the conductive material dispersion)/Viscosity immediately after preparation of the conductive material dispersion ⁇ ⁇ 100
- Viscosity increase rate (%) ⁇ (viscosity of the conductive material dispersion exposed to 60°C for 30 minutes - viscosity immediately after preparation of the conductive material dispersion)/viscosity immediately after preparation of the conductive material dispersion ⁇ ⁇ 100
- Positive electrodes for Examples 1, 2, and 5 and Comparative Example 2 were prepared in the following manner.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing Li[Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 as a positive electrode active material, PVDF (900,000 g/mol) as a binder, and a dispersion of conductive material with NMP and mixing them with a homodisper (2500 rpm) for 60 minutes. At this time, the conductive material including the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the dispersant was present in the positive electrode slurry in a ratio of 97:2:1.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to the current collector at a loading amount of 550 mg/25 cm 2 , dried and cured to prepare a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer having a porosity of 26%.
- a negative electrode active material layer containing 96.5% by weight of artificial graphite, 0.5% by weight of point-shaped conductive material, 1% by weight of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), and 2% by weight of styrene butadene rubber (SBR) and having a loading amount of 330 mg / 25 cm 2 A cathode was prepared.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- LiPF 6 LiPF 6 1 mole
- Each lithium secondary battery was charged and discharged under the following conditions.
- Discharge condition Discharge at 0.5C current rate to 2.8V
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Abstract
Description
주 분산제 | Mw(g/mol) | 잔류 이중 결합(RDB, 중량%) | 아크릴로니트릴 유래 단위 함량(중량%) |
(A1) | 40,000 | 0.2 | 34 |
(A2) | 220,000 | 0.3 | 34 |
(A3) | 30,000 | 9.5 | 31 |
보조 분산제 | 종류 | Mw(g/mol) | 단위 함량 |
(B1) | 폴리에틸렌글리콜과 스티렌의 공중합체(옥시알킬렌 단위 및 스티렌 단위를 포함하는 공중합체) | 1,250 | 옥시알킬렌 단위 함량: 71.8중량%스티렌 단위 함량: 28.2중량% |
(B2) | 비닐 알코올 유래 단위를 포함하는 폴리비닐부티랄 공중합체 | 40,000 | 비닐알코올 유래 단위 함량: 40중량% |
도전재 분산액 | 주 분산제 | 보조 분산제 함량(중량%) | 탄소나노튜브 | |||
종류 | 함량(중량%) | 종류 | 함량(중량%) | 종류 | 함량(중량%) | |
실시예 1 | (A1) | 1.5 | (B1) | 0.5 | (C1) | 6 |
실시예 2 | (A1) | 0.75 | (B1) | 0.25 | (C2) | 4 |
실시예 3 | (A1) | 1.8 | (B1) | 0.2 | (C1) | 6 |
실시예 4 | (A1) | 1.0 | (B1) | 1.0 | (C1) | 6 |
실시예 5 | (A2) | 1.5 | (B1) | 0.5 | (C1) | 6 |
비교예 1 | (A1) | 2.0 | (B1) | 0 | (C1) | 6 |
비교예 2 | (A3) | 0.75 | (B1) | 0.25 | (C2) | 4 |
비교예 3 | (A1) | 1.5 | (B2) | 0.5 | (C1) | 6 |
도전재 분산액 | 입도 | 점도(cp) | 점도 상승율(%) | ||
D50(㎛) | D90(㎛) | 25℃에서 4주 보관 | 60℃에서 30분 노출 | ||
실시예 1 | 3.59 | 8.0 | 6,500 | 4 | 12 |
실시예 2 | 3.08 | 7.3 | 5,200 | 5 | 11 |
실시예 3 | 3.78 | 9.1 | 9,700 | 10 | 15 |
실시예 4 | 3.93 | 10.1 | 10,600 | 12 | 18 |
실시예 5 | 4.83 | 11.4 | 18,900 | 12 | 22 |
비교예 1 | 4.25 | 9.8 | 13,800 | 36 | 79 |
비교예 2 | 3.91 | 8.5 | 10,500 | 61 | 290 |
비교예 3 | 4.25 | 10.8 | 15,830 | 34 | 81 |
도전재 분산액 | 용량 유지율(%) |
실시예 1 | 97.2 |
실시예 2 | 96.8 |
실시예 5 | 95.2 |
비교예 2 | 90.2 |
Claims (17)
- 탄소나노튜브, 분산제, 및 분산매를 포함하며,상기 분산제는 주 분산제와 보조 분산제를 포함하고,상기 주 분산제는 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체이며,하기 식 1에 따른 상기 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체의 잔류 이중 결합 값이 0.3중량% 이하를 만족하며,상기 보조 분산제는 옥시알킬렌 단위; 및 스티렌 단위 및 알킬렌 단위 중 적어도 하나 이상;을 포함하는 공중합체인 도전재 분산액.[식 1]잔류 이중 결합(중량%) = BD중량/(BD중량+HBD중량)×100상기 식 1에서 BD중량은 상기 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체 내 공액 디엔 유래 구조 단위의 중량이며, HBD중량은 상기 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체 내 수소화된 공액 디엔 유래 구조 단위의 중량이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체는 α,β-불포화 니트릴 유래 구조 단위, 공액 디엔 유래 구조 단위, 및 수소화된 공액 디엔 유래 구조 단위를 포함하는 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 α,β-불포화 니트릴 유래 구조 단위는 상기 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체 내에 20중량% 내지 50중량%로 포함되는 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체의 중량평균분자량은 1,000g/mol 내지 100,000g/mol인 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체는 상기 도전재 분산액 내에 0.2중량% 내지 3.2중량%로 포함되는 도전재 분산액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 수소화 니트릴계 공중합체는 부분 수소화 아크릴로니트릴-부타디엔 고무인 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 옥시알킬렌 단위는 상기 보조 분산제 내에 20중량% 내지 85중량%로 포함되는 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 보조 분산제의 중량평균분자량이 800g/mol 내지 50,000g/mol인 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 보조 분산제는 상기 도전재 분산액 내에 0.1중량% 내지 2.0중량%로 포함되는 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 주 분산제와 보조 분산제의 중량비는 30:70 내지 90:10인 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 주 분산제와 보조 분산제의 중량비는 70:30 내지 80:20인 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 탄소나노튜브의 D50은 2㎛ 내지 5㎛인 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 탄소나노튜브의 D90은 6㎛ 내지 10.5㎛인 도전재 분산액.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 탄소나노튜브는 다중벽 탄소나노튜브인 도전재 분산액.
- 전극 슬러리 조성물로 형성된 전극 활물질층을 포함하며,상기 전극 슬러리 조성물은 전극 활물질, 청구항 1의 도전재 분산액, 바인더, 및 용매를 포함하는 전극.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 전극은 양극인 전극.
- 양극, 음극, 상기 양극 및 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막 및 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지에 있어서,상기 양극이 청구항 15의 전극인 리튬 이차 전지.
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