WO2023008570A1 - がん治療用医薬組成物 - Google Patents
がん治療用医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023008570A1 WO2023008570A1 PCT/JP2022/029345 JP2022029345W WO2023008570A1 WO 2023008570 A1 WO2023008570 A1 WO 2023008570A1 JP 2022029345 W JP2022029345 W JP 2022029345W WO 2023008570 A1 WO2023008570 A1 WO 2023008570A1
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- cyd
- folic acid
- cyclodextrin
- modified
- pharmaceutical composition
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
- A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for cancer treatment and the like.
- Cancer is the number one cause of death in Japan. Although the survival rate has improved for some cancers, there is still no adequate treatment for advanced cancer, and the development of more effective treatments is desired.
- Cyclodextrin is a cyclic malto-oligosaccharide in which glucose is linked by ⁇ -1,4 bonds, and is a unimolecular host molecule capable of incorporating various drugs into its hydrophobic cavity.
- CyD is widely used as a raft inhibitor because it strongly binds to cholesterol, extracts cholesterol from lipid rafts of cell membranes, and destroys the structure.
- 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (2-Hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin: HP- ⁇ -CyD) is a hereditary lipid accumulation disease Niemann-Pick disease type C ( NPC) has been clinically applied.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2014/0877778
- Non-Patent Document 1 Yokoo et al., PLoS One, (2015) 10 (11): e0141946.
- cholesterol is essential for tumor cell growth and function maintenance. Therefore, it is hypothesized that HP- ⁇ -CyD itself has an antitumor effect, and the growth inhibitory effect of HP- ⁇ -CyD itself on leukemic cells has been demonstrated in vitro.
- DDS drug delivery system
- folic acid is 1) inexpensive, and 2) folate receptor (FR) is overexpressed in various epithelial cancer cells and low in normal cells. It is widely used as a ligand molecule because of its advantages such as selective cellular uptake, 3) lack of antigenicity, allowing repeated administration, and 4) relatively small molecular weight, so it hardly affects the intracellular dynamics of the carrier. ing.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-1204 describes folic acid-modified methylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (FA-M- ⁇ -CyD), which is methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin modified with folic acid, to selectively treat tumor cells. It is described to be used as an anticancer agent.
- F-M- ⁇ -CyD folic acid-modified methylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-69520
- a hydrophilic substituent e.g., polyethylene glycol group, hydroxypropyl group, etc.
- folic acid-modified cyclodextrin having tumor accumulation ability to improve solubility. is useful as a DDS for targeting cancer.
- the present inventors have made intensive studies to solve the above problems, and found that folate receptors can be highly expressed by modifying folic acid to impart tumor cell selectivity to hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins or derivatives thereof.
- the present inventors have found that the anticancer effect can be enhanced by enhancing the directivity to the tumor cells that are known to act as anticancer cells, thereby completing the present invention.
- a pharmaceutical composition for cancer treatment and the like shown below are provided.
- a cancer treatment comprising a folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof selected from the group consisting of folic acid-modified hydroxylpropyl cyclodextrin, folic acid-modified hydroxylbutyl cyclodextrin, and folic acid-modified hydroxylethyl cyclodextrin pharmaceutical composition.
- [1-3] The pharmaceutical composition of [1-1] or [1-2] above, wherein the folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or derivative thereof is folic acid-modified hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin.
- [1-4] The pharmaceutical composition of [1-3] above, wherein the folic acid-modified hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin is folic acid-modified hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- [1-5] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1-1] to [1-4] above, which is used in combination with an ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
- [1-6] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1-1] to [1-5] above, wherein the cancer is leukemia.
- [1-7] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1-1] to [1-6] above, which is an injection.
- a composition comprising a folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof selected from the group consisting of folic acid-modified hydroxylpropyl cyclodextrin, folic acid-modified hydroxylbutyl cyclodextrin, and folic acid-modified hydroxylethyl cyclodextrin, A method of treating cancer, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof.
- the composition contains only folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof as an active ingredient.
- [2-3] The method according to [2-1] or [2-2] above, wherein the folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or derivative thereof is folic acid-modified hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin.
- [2-4] The method according to [2-3] above, wherein the folic acid-modified hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin is folic acid-modified hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- [2-5] The method of any one of [2-1] to [2-4] above, wherein the composition is administered in combination with an ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
- [2-6] The method according to any one of [2-1] to [2-5] above, wherein the cancer is leukemia.
- [2-7] The method according to any one of [2-1] to [2-6] above, wherein the composition is an injection.
- a new pharmaceutical composition for cancer treatment is provided here.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of analyzing the expression of folate receptor- ⁇ with a flow cytometer.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of evaluating the growth inhibitory effect on leukemic cell lines by MTT assay.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of evaluating the growth inhibitory effect on low folate receptor-expressing cells A549.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of evaluating the growth inhibitory effect on leukemic cell lines.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of evaluation of cell apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining.
- FIG. 2 shows that FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD is taken up into cells.
- FIG. 1 shows that FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD induces autophagosome formation.
- FIG. 2 shows that inhibition of autophagy attenuates the cytostatic effect of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of calculation of the combined effect (combination index, CI) of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD and imatinib or ponatinib using CalcuSyn software.
- FIG. 4 shows that FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD prolongs survival of BCR-ABL leukemic mice.
- 1 is a MALDI-TOF-MS spectrum of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD (Example 1).
- 1 H-NMR spectrum of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD Example 1).
- FIG. 2 shows that FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD prolongs the survival period of a mouse model of ventricular infiltration (one-time administration model).
- FIG. 10 shows that FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD prolongs the survival period of a mouse model of ventricular invasion (two dose model).
- the present inventors modified folic acid in order to impart tumor cell selectivity to hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin, thereby increasing its tropism to tumor cells that highly express folate receptors, and thus increasing I thought that it might be possible to exhibit a strong anti-cancer effect.
- the present inventors first prepared folic acid-modified HP- ⁇ -CyD (FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD), which is one of folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins (Example 1). They also found that this FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD showed equivalent anti-leukemia activity at about 1/10 the amount of unmodified HP- ⁇ -CyD (Example 3). In addition, almost no HP- ⁇ -CyD is taken up into cells without modification, but with folic acid modification, a large amount of HP- ⁇ -CyD is taken up into cells (Example 7, FIG. 6), and autophagic cell death is inhibited. It was found to be a major factor in leukemia action (Example 8, Figure 7). Furthermore, in a leukemia mouse model, administration of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD significantly prolonged survival (Example 11 and FIG. 10).
- Cyclodextrin is a cyclic malto-oligosaccharide in which glucose is linked by ⁇ -1,4 linkages, and is capable of incorporating various drugs into its hydrophobic cavity. It is a molecular host molecule. CyD includes, for example, ⁇ -CyD with 6 glucose residues, ⁇ -CyD with 7 glucose residues, ⁇ -CyD with 8 glucose residues, ⁇ -CyD with 9 glucose residues, and 10 glucose residues. ⁇ -CyD and derivatives thereof are known.
- a "hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin” is a hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, hydroxybutyl cyclodextrin, and hydroxyethyl cyclodextrin.
- Hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins are cyclodextrins (e.g., ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, etc.) in which the hydroxyl groups are randomly substituted with hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, or hydroxyethyl groups.
- hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin is a compound in which hydroxyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 6 of seven glucoses of ⁇ -cyclodextrin are randomly substituted with hydroxyalkyl groups.
- “Folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin” is a compound in which folic acid is covalently bonded to the glucose of hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin.
- the site to which folic acid binds is not particularly limited, but the 2- and/or 6-positions of glucose are preferred, and the 6-position is particularly preferred.
- the binding ratio of folic acid in the folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin is not particularly limited, but the cyclodextrin molecule: folic acid molecule is preferably 1:1 to 1:14, more preferably 1:1 to 1:7.
- a preferred folate-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin is folate-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- the folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin is selected from the group consisting of folic acid-modified hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, folic acid-modified hydroxybutyl cyclodextrin, and folic acid-modified hydroxyethyl cyclodextrin.
- the folate-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin is preferably folate selected from the group consisting of folate-modified hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, folate-modified hydroxybutyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and folate-modified hydroxyethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- the folate-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin is preferably folate-modified hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin.
- the folate-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin is particularly preferably folate-modified hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- Folate-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins can be synthesized using known methods. For example, folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin are prepared by amination of the hydroxyl groups of hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin followed by condensation. It can be synthesized by combining folic acid through a reaction.
- folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin can be synthesized by aminating the hydroxyl group of hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and then binding folic acid through a condensation reaction.
- the folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin may have the hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin introduced into either the ⁇ -carboxyl group or the ⁇ -carboxyl group of folic acid.
- hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin when introducing hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin into folic acid, hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin introduced into the ⁇ -carboxyl group of folic acid ( ⁇ -folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin) , or hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin introduced into the ⁇ -carboxyl group of folic acid ( ⁇ -folate-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin), or hydroxyalkyls on both the ⁇ - and ⁇ -carboxyl groups of folic acid Included in folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins are all those introduced with modified- ⁇ -cyclodextrins ( ⁇ , ⁇ -di-folate-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrins).
- compositions of some embodiments include, as folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -folate-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -folate-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin , ⁇ , ⁇ -di-folate-modified hydroxyalkylated- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (one, two, or all three).
- Folate-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin derivatives include folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins to which further compounds are covalently attached.
- the other compound that binds is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include compounds that have the ability to bind to various receptors, compounds that have antitumor or anticancer properties, and the like. Specific examples of such compounds include transferrin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, antibodies that specifically recognize cancer cells, and the like.
- Folate-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin derivatives include covalently bound other compounds to folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin, but do not include clathrates.
- compositions The folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or its derivative can be formulated according to conventional methods and used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer.
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer comprising a folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of folic acid-modified hydroxylpropylcyclodextrin, folic acid-modified hydroxylbutylcyclodextrin, and folic acid-modified hydroxylethylcyclodextrin or a derivative thereof goods are provided.
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer contains a folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof as an active ingredient having anticancer activity. That is, instead of including folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof as a solubilizer and/or stabilizer for other active ingredients in the pharmaceutical composition, folic acid itself is used as the active ingredient having anticancer activity. Including modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins or derivatives thereof. Therefore, pharmaceutical compositions containing folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins or derivatives thereof as solubilizers and/or stabilizers for other active ingredients are excluded from the pharmaceutical compositions for treating cancer.
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer can also contain other active ingredients with anticancer activity, as long as it contains folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof as an active ingredient with anticancer activity. In some aspects, it contains folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof as the main active ingredient with anticancer activity, more preferably folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin as the active ingredient with anticancer activity or only derivatives thereof.
- the composition for cancer treatment may be a composition for oral administration or a composition for parenteral administration.
- compositions for oral administration include solid or liquid dosage forms, specifically tablets (including sugar-coated tablets and film-coated tablets), pills, granules, powders, capsules (including soft capsules). ), syrups, emulsions and suspensions.
- Such compositions are produced by a method known per se and contain carriers, diluents or excipients commonly used in the pharmaceutical field.
- carriers and excipients for tablets include lactose, starch, sucrose, magnesium stearate and the like.
- compositions for parenteral administration include, for example, injections, suppositories, eye drops, nose drops, spray inhalants, liniments, patches, etc.
- Injections include intravenous injections and subcutaneous injections. , intradermal injection, intramuscular injection, drip injection, intraarticular injection, and the like.
- Such injections are prepared according to a method known per se, for example, by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the above active ingredient in a sterile aqueous or oily liquid commonly used for injections.
- Aqueous solutions for injection include, for example, physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing glucose and other adjuvants, and suitable solubilizers such as alcohols (e.g., ethanol), polyalcohols (e.g., propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), nonionic surfactants [eg, polysorbate 80, HCO-50 (polyoxyethylene (50 mol) adduct of hydrogenated castor oil)] and the like.
- suitable solubilizers such as alcohols (e.g., ethanol), polyalcohols (e.g., propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), nonionic surfactants [eg, polysorbate 80, HCO-50 (polyoxyethylene (50 mol) adduct of hydrogenated castor oil)] and the like.
- suitable solubilizers such as alcohols (e.g., ethanol), polyalcohols (e.g., propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), nonionic surfactants
- Suppositories for rectal administration are prepared by mixing the above active ingredient with a conventional suppository base. Eye drops, nose drops, spray inhalants, suppositories, ointments, patches, etc. are also prepared using the above-mentioned active ingredients according to methods known per se.
- the pharmaceutical composition for cancer treatment is preferably an injection.
- Injections can take the form of either water-soluble preparations or freeze-dried preparations, ie, water-based injections or freeze-dried ready-to-use injections.
- compositions of some embodiments are anticancer agents containing folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins or derivatives thereof as the main active ingredient having anticancer activity, preferably as the sole active ingredient.
- Injections can also contain additives commonly used for injections in addition to folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins or derivatives thereof. That is, such an injection contains folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or its derivative and pharmaceutically acceptable additives, or only folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or its derivative and pharmaceutically acceptable additives. It consists of These injections can be in the form of either water-soluble preparations or freeze-dried preparations.
- cancers to be treated include, for example, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, malignant lymphoma, leukemia, testicular tumor, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, pharyngeal cancer, and laryngeal cancer.
- cancer tongue cancer, gingival cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bile duct cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, uterine cancer, and prostate cancer.
- the cancer to be treated is preferably leukemia.
- the effective dosage of the folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or its derivative depends on the nature of cancer, degree of disease, treatment policy, degree of metastasis, tumor mass, body weight, age, sex, patient's (genetic Although the dosage can be appropriately selected depending on the racial background, etc., the dosage is generally determined based on factors such as clinically observed symptoms and the degree of progression of the disease.
- the daily dose is, for example, 0.5 g/kg to 10 g/kg (30 g to 600 g for an adult weighing 60 kg), 1 g/kg to 10 g/kg, 1 g/kg to 5 g/kg, alternatively 1.2-5 g/kg.
- the administration may be administered in one dose or divided into multiple doses, or may be administered continuously over time by drip infusion or the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition is administered by infusion over several hours to about 10 hours.
- administration may be either daily or intermittent administration, which can be appropriately selected according to the condition of the subject to be administered. In some aspects, administration is intermittent administration.
- the pharmaceutical compositions are used in combination with other active ingredients. In some other aspects, the pharmaceutical composition is used without combination with other active ingredients.
- the folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or derivative thereof and other ingredients may be in the form of a single formulation obtained by simultaneous formulation, or may be in the form of two or more formulations obtained by formulation separately. . When in the form of two or more formulations, they may be used to be administered to the patient simultaneously or may be used to be administered separately.
- anticancer agents include, for example, ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, antibody drugs, pyrimidine antagonists (e.g., cytarabine (kiloside R ), enocitabine (BHAC)), purine antagonists drugs (e.g. fludarabine (fludara R ), nelarabine (alanongi R ), 6-mercaptopurine (leukerin R )), DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (e.g. azacytidine (Vidaza R )), folate antagonists (e.g.
- ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors include, for example, ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, antibody drugs, pyrimidine antagonists (e.g., cytarabine (kiloside R ), enocita
- methotrexate methotrexate
- anthracyclines e.g. daunorubicin (daunomycin R ), idarubicin (idamycin R ), doxorubicin (adriacin R ), aclarubicin (acracinone R )
- alkylating agents e.g. cyclophosphamide (endoxan R ))
- mitotic inhibitors e.g. vincristine (Oncovin R ), vindesine (Fildesine R )
- topoisomerase inhibitors e.g. etoposide (Vepsid R , Rustet R )
- corticosteroids e.g.
- prednisolone Prednisone R
- dexamethasone Decadrone R , Renadex R
- retinoic acid Vesanoid R
- tamibarotene Amnolake R
- anthraquinone antineoplastic agents e.g., mitozantrone (Novantron R )
- antimetabolites e.g., hydroxyurea (Hydrea R )
- enzyme drugs e.g. asparaginase (leuinase R )
- arsenic acid Trisenox R
- interferon Standard Iferon R
- immunomodulators e.g.
- ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors include, for example, imatinib, ponatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition is for use in combination with an ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
- the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor at this time is preferably imatinib, ponatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and the like.
- the effective dosage of other active ingredients depends on the nature of cancer, degree of disease, treatment strategy, degree of metastasis, tumor volume, body weight, age, sex, patient's (genetic) racial background, etc. It can be selected as appropriate.
- compositions including sugar-coated tablets and film-coated tablets, powders, granules, capsules (including soft capsules), ), liquids, injections, suppositories, sustained-release preparations, etc., which can be administered orally or parenterally.
- pharmaceuticals such as tablets (including sugar-coated tablets and film-coated tablets), powders, granules, capsules (including soft capsules), ), liquids, injections, suppositories, sustained-release preparations, etc., which can be administered orally or parenterally.
- the compounding ratio of the folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or its derivative and other ingredients can be appropriately selected depending on the administration subject, administration route, disease, and the like.
- Methods of Treatment may also be provided herein, comprising using the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions.
- a folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin or derivative thereof selected from the group consisting of folic acid-modified hydroxylpropyl cyclodextrin, folic acid-modified hydroxylbutyl cyclodextrin, and folic acid-modified hydroxylethyl cyclodextrin is used to treat cancer.
- a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a subject suffering from cancer.
- This treatment method may be performed by appropriately combining other cancer treatment methods and cancer treatment drugs.
- a "subject” is a human or non-human organism, such as avian and non-human mammals (e.g., cows, monkeys, cats, mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, pigs, dogs, rabbits, sheep, and horses). be.
- avian and non-human mammals e.g., cows, monkeys, cats, mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, pigs, dogs, rabbits, sheep, and horses.
- folic acid-modified hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of folic acid-modified hydroxylpropyl cyclodextrin, folic acid-modified hydroxylbutyl cyclodextrin, and folic acid-modified hydroxylethyl cyclodextrin, or its It also relates to the use of derivatives.
- Kits Cancer treatment kits are provided herein.
- the kit can include the pharmaceutical compositions described above.
- Kits can include instructions and the like.
- the aforementioned pharmaceutical composition of the kit may contain other active ingredients, or the kit may further contain another pharmaceutical composition containing other active ingredients.
- the pharmaceutical composition and the like are as described above.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD Folate-Modified Hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -Cyclodextrin
- FA-EDA which is aminated folic acid (FA)
- FA aminated folic acid
- DCC N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- NHS N-Hydroxysuccinimide
- HP- ⁇ -CyD was then activated with CDI to synthesize activated HP- ⁇ -CyD.
- CDI basic catalyst triethylamine
- FA-EDA was then reacted with CDI-activated HP- ⁇ -CyD to obtain FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD.
- the entire amount of FA-EDA prepared in step (2) was added to the CDI-activated HP- ⁇ -CyD solution prepared in step (1) above, and the mixture was stirred for 24 hours.
- Confirmation of preparation was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS and 1 H-NMR. The results of MALDI-TOF-MS are shown in FIG. 11, and the results of 1 H-NMR are shown in FIG.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used in the examples below includes ⁇ -FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD, ⁇ -FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD, and ⁇ , ⁇ -di-FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD is included.
- Example 2 Expression of folate receptor- ⁇ Hepatic cell lines, lung cancer cell lines (A549), and leukemia cell lines (BV173, K562, Ba/F3 p190, and Ba/F3 p210) Expression of folate receptor ⁇ in cells was analyzed with a flow cytometer as follows. PE anti- FOLR1 antibody (Bio Legend), APC anti-human Folate Receptor ⁇ (FR- ⁇ ) antibody (Bio Legend) and APC anti-mouse Folate Receptor ⁇ ( FR- ⁇ ) antibody (Bio Legend) was added and incubated for 20 minutes in the dark. Cells were harvested by washing twice with 1 mL of PBS (pH 7.4), filtered through nylon mesh, and analyzed using a FACSVerse flow cytometer system (BD Biosciences).
- FIG. 1 shows that leukemia cell lines (BV173, K562, Ba/F3 p190, and Ba/F3 p210) highly express folate receptor ⁇ .
- Example 3 Cytostatic Effect on Leukemia Cell Lines Anti-proliferative effects on leukemic cell lines were evaluated by modified dimethyl-thiazole-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT assay) as follows.
- hepatic cell lines and leukemic cell lines were used.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used was synthesized in Example 1.
- Cell viability was assessed using the trypan blue dye exclusion method.
- Cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Japan).
- FIG. 2 shows that cell proliferation of leukemia cell lines (K562, BV173 and Ba/F3 p190) is dose-dependently suppressed.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD and HP- ⁇ -CyD were assayed, and IC 50 was determined.
- Table 1 shows the results. From Table 1, the IC50 of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD against leukemia cell lines (K562, BV173, Ba/F3 p190, Ba/F3 p210, MYL-R, K562-IMR and KBM5-STI) It can be seen that it is about 1/5 to about 1/20 for -CyD. Thus, FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD is about 5 to about 20 times more potent than HP- ⁇ -CyD. Thus, FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD is found to have stronger cytotoxic activity than HP- ⁇ -CyD.
- FIG. 4D Although the cell line is KB cells, which is different from this example, folate-modified CyD (TRITC - Fol- C 1 - ⁇ -CyD) showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in intracellular uptake. In general, it is assumed that cytotoxicity increases in correlation with intracellular concentration. was assumed.
- Example 4 Growth inhibitory effect on folate receptor low-expressing cells The growth inhibitory effect on folate receptor low-expressing cells A549 was evaluated as follows.
- a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) was used.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used was synthesized in Example 1.
- Cell proliferation was performed by seeding leukemia cell lines in flat-bottom 96-well plates (Greiner Labortechnik, Hamburg, Germany) at 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells per well in 100 ⁇ l of DMEM medium (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) at various concentrations ( 0 mM (control: CT), 2.5 mM, 5 mM, 7.5 mM, 10 mM) of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD and HP- ⁇ -CyD were exposed and incubated for 72 hours. It was then evaluated using the dimethyl-thiazole-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay (Nacalai Tesque, Japan). Data represent the mean ⁇ standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments.
- MTT dimethyl-thiazole-diphenyl-tetrazolium
- Example 5 Cytoproliferative effect on leukemic cell lines in the presence of folic acid (FA) The cytostatic effect on leukemic cell lines in the presence of folic acid (FA) was evaluated by MTT assay as follows.
- leukemic cell lines K562 and BV173 were used.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used was synthesized in Example 1. 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells were seeded in 100 ⁇ L medium per well in flat-bottom 96-well plates (Greiner Labortechnik, Hamburg, Germany) and FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD in the absence and presence of FA (2 mM). (5 mM) and HP- ⁇ -CyD (5 mM) in medium for 2 hours at 37°C. It was then evaluated using a modified dimethyl-thiazole-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Japan). Data represent the mean ⁇ standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. The results are shown in FIG.
- CT computed tomography
- Example 6 Cellular Apoptosis Apoptosis of cells exposed to FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD was assessed by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining as follows.
- leukemic cell lines K562 and BV173 were used.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used was synthesized in Example 1. Apoptosis assays were performed by staining cells with propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V (BD Biosciences). Cells were cultured in 6-well plates at a cell density of 4 ⁇ 10 5 cells/well, and various concentrations (0 mM (control: CT), 0.5 mM, 1 mM and 1.5 mM) of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD were added. Both were incubated for 48 hours.
- PI propidium iodide
- annexin V BD Biosciences
- Example 7 Intracellular Uptake The intracellular uptake of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD was evaluated as follows.
- a leukemic cell line (BV173) was used.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used was synthesized in Example 1. 10 mg of HP- ⁇ -CyD or FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD and 1 mg of TRITC were dissolved in 400 ⁇ L of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and stirred for 24 hours, after which the solution was slowly poured into acetone. A precipitate was obtained and dissolved with water. It was lyophilized to prepare TRITC-HP- ⁇ -CyD and TRITC-FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- TRITC-FA-M- ⁇ -CyD TRITC-HP- ⁇ -CyD
- FA-HP- ⁇ - CyD HP- ⁇ CyD
- ZEISS LSM880 confocal microscope was used for cell observation. Fluorescence image analysis software Imaris (ZEISS) was used for the analysis.
- a control group was cultured at the same time as other exposure groups without drug exposure. The cell localization was stained with DAPI, the cell membrane was stained with PlasMen Bright Green, and the intracellular uptake of TRITC-FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD was evaluated with a confocal microscope.
- Example 8 Induction of Autophagosome Formation The induction of autophagosome formation of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD was assessed as follows.
- leukemic cell lines K562 and BV173 were used.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used was synthesized in Example 1. Cells were cultured in 6-well plates at a cell density of 4 ⁇ 10 5 cells/well, treated with 1 mM or 5 mM HP- ⁇ -CyD or FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD for 2 hours, and incubated. Then, Cyto-ID (registered trademark) autophagy detection kit (Enzo Life Sciences, USA) was used, and cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope AxioImager. M2 + ApoTome. 2 (ZEISS) was used.
- Example 9 Effect of Autophagy Inhibition on Cytostatic Effect
- leukemic cell lines K562 and BV173 were used.
- FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used was synthesized in Example 1.
- CT in FIG. 8 is evaluated as follows. That is, 2 ⁇ 10 5 cells were seeded in 100 ⁇ L of RPMI1640 medium per well in a flat-bottomed 96-well plate and cultured for 2 hours + 24 hours, the same as the exposed group, without exposure to drugs or autophagy inhibitors. and This CT was compared with the exposed group. A significant difference was tested as follows. That is, the data were analyzed using a two-sided Student's t-test without a control table. A value of P ⁇ 0.05 was considered significant.
- Example 10 Combination of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD and ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor The effect of combination of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD and ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor was evaluated as follows. In this example, leukemic cell lines (K562 and BV173) were used. FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD used was synthesized in Example 1.
- IC 50 values for ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imanitib and ponatinib) were obtained using the non-linear regression program CalcuSyn (Biosoft, Cambridge, UK).
- Anti-leukemic activity of FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD in combination with TKIs was assayed in a single 96-well plate after IC 50 values for each drug were obtained.
- Both K562 and BV173 cells were treated with 5 concentrations of both compounds (imanitib and ponatinib) (0.25x, 0.5x, 0.75x, 1.0x, or 2.0x the IC50 ). ).
- the FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD synthesized in Example 1 was used.
- EGFP+Ba/F3 BCR-ABLWT cells (1 ⁇ 10 6 cells) were transplanted into 6-week-old nude mice.
- Example 12 Therapeutic effect of folic acid-modified HP- ⁇ -CyD on leukemic central nervous system invasion
- Central nerve infiltration of leukemic cells is one of the complications that greatly affect the prognosis of leukemia patients. Even now, when prevention of central nervous system infiltration has become commonplace, central nervous system infiltration is still a major problem. reported as 15%.
- Treatment methods include intrathecal administration of anticancer drugs, and intensive chemotherapy with large doses of anticancer drugs that easily migrate to the central nervous system, such as cytarabine and mesoterexate.
- systemic administration is likely to cause damage to organs other than the central nervous system, and intrathecal administration may cause neurotoxicity and, in some cases, cytopenia.
- model mice were prepared to verify the effects of HP- ⁇ -CyD and FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD on leukemia central nerve invasion.
- the FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD synthesized in Example 1 was used.
- the dose is the dose of HP- ⁇ -CyD for hereditary lipid storage disease Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) model mice (Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 452. https: http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010452), HP- ⁇ -CyD was set at 30 mg/kg and FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD at 3 mg/kg.
- NPC Niemann-Pick disease type C
- the intracerebroventricular drug concentrations at the time of drug administration were 7.78 mM for HP- ⁇ -CyD and 0.79 mM for FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD.
- the FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD group showed longer survival than the Vehicle group and the HP- ⁇ -CyD group.
- the HP- ⁇ -CyD group was compared with the model in which the vehicle (PBS administration), HP- ⁇ -CyD, and FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD were administered once (Fig. 13).
- the FA-HP- ⁇ -CyD group survival was prolonged by 1 day.
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Abstract
Description
ここでは、以下に示す、がん治療用医薬組成物などが提供される。
[1-2] 有効成分として、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体のみを含む、上記[1-1]に記載の医薬組成物。
[1-3] 前記葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体が、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピルシクロデキストリンである、上記[1-1]または[1-2]に記載の医薬組成物。
[1-4] 前記葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピルシクロデキストリンが、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピル-β-シクロデキストリンである、上記[1-3]に記載の医薬組成物。
[1-5] ABLチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤と組み合わせて用いられる、上記[1-1]~[1-4]のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
[1-6] 前記がんが、白血病である、上記[1-1]~[1-5]のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
[1-7] 注射剤である、上記[1-1]~[1-6]のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
[2-2] 前記組成物が有効成分として、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体のみを含む、上記[2-1]に記載の方法。
[2-3] 前記葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体が、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピルシクロデキストリンである、上記[2-1]または[2-2]に記載の方法。
[2-4] 前記葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピルシクロデキストリンが、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピル-β-シクロデキストリンである、上記[2-3]に記載の方法。
[2-5] 前記組成物が、ABLチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤と組み合わせて投与される、上記[2-1]~[2-4]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[2-6] 前記がんが、白血病である、上記[2-1]~[2-5]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[2-7] 前記組成物が注射剤である、上記[2-1]~[2-6]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
概略
本発明者らは、ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンに腫瘍細胞選択性を付与させるために、葉酸を修飾することで、葉酸レセプターを高発現している腫瘍細胞に対しての指向性を高め、より強力な抗がん作用を発揮できるのではないかと考えた。
「シクロデキストリン(cyclodextrin:CyD)」は、グルコースがα-1,4結合で連なった環状マルトオリゴ糖であり、その疎水空洞内に種々の薬物を取り込むことが可能な単分子的ホスト分子である。CyDとしては、例えば、グルコース残基6個のα-CyD、グルコース残基7個のβ-CyD、グルコース残基8個のγ-CyD、グルコース残基9個のδ-CyD、グルコース残基10個のε-CyD、およびそれらの誘導体などが知られている。
葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンは、公知の方法を用いて合成することができる。例えば、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化-α-シクロデキストリンおよび葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化-β-シクロデキストリンは、ヒドロキシアルキル化-α-シクロデキストリンおよびヒドロキシアルキル化-β-シクロデキストリンの水酸基をアミノ化後、縮合反応により葉酸を結合させることにより合成できる。また、例えば、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化-γ-シクロデキストリンは、ヒドロキシアルキル化-γ-シクロデキストリンの水酸基をアミノ化後、縮合反応により葉酸を結合させることにより合成できる。
いくつかの態様の医薬組成物には、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化-β-シクロデキストリンとして、α-葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化-β-シクロデキストリンと、γ-葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化-β-シクロデキストリンと、α,γ-di-葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化-β-シクロデキストリンの少なくとも1つ(1つ、2つ、あるいは3つ全て)が含まれる。
葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリン誘導体には、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンに、さらに他の化合物を共有結合したものが含まれる。結合する他の化合物は、特に限定はされないが、例えば、各種レセプターへの結合能を有する化合物、抗腫瘍性または抗がん性を有する化合物などを挙げることができる。そのような化合物の具体的な例として、例えば、トランスフェリン、上皮成長因子(EGF)、アルギニン-グリシン-アスパラギン酸(RGD)ペプチド、がん細胞を特異的に認識する抗体などをあげることができる。
上述の葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体を常套手段に従って、製剤化し、がん治療用医薬組成物として用いることができる。
ここでは、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルプロピルシクロデキストリン、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルブチルシクロデキストリン、および葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルエチルシクロデキストリンからなる群より選択される葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体を含む、がん治療用医薬組成物が提供される。
いくつかの態様では、医薬組成物は、他の活性成分と組み合わせて用いられる。別のいくつかの態様では、医薬組成物は、他の活性成分と組み合わせることなく用いられる。
ここでは、前述の医薬組成物を用いることを含む、がんの治療方法も提供され得る。好ましくは、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルプロピルシクロデキストリン、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルブチルシクロデキストリン、および葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルエチルシクロデキストリンからなる群より選択される葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体を、がんの治療を必要とする対象に投与することを含む、がんの治療方法である。
ここでは、がん治療用キットが提供される。
キットには、前述の医薬組成物を含めることができる。キットは、取り扱い説明書等を含めることができる。また、併用の場合には、キットの前述の医薬組成物に他の活性成分が含まれていてもよいし、あるいは、キットに、他の活性成分を含む別の医薬組成物をさらに含めるようしてもよい。
医薬組成物などについては、前記で説明したとおりである。
また、本発明の目的、特徴、利点、及びそのアイデアは、本明細書の記載により、当業者には明らかであり、本明細書の記載から、当業者であれば、容易に本発明を実施できる。発明を実施するための最良の形態及び具体的な実施例などは、本発明の好ましい実施態様を示すものであり、例示又は説明のために示されているのであって、本発明をそれらに限定するものではない。本明細書で開示されている本発明の意図ならびに範囲内で、本明細書の記載に基づき、様々に修飾ができることは、当業者にとって明らかである。
実施例で用いた各試薬は次の通りである。
FA-HP-β-CyDを、以下の通り調製した。
(1)アミノ化葉酸(FA)の合成
FA(880mg)を25mLのDMSOへ溶解後、N,N’-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC,412mg)とN-Hydroxysuccinimide(NHS,230mg)を加え、20時間撹拌した。EDA(1mL)を添加し、さらに24時間撹拌した。アセトニトリルで洗浄(溶解、撹拌したのちに上清除去)を3回行い、凍結乾燥し、FA-EDAを得た。
HP-β-CyD(DS 5.5,1.5g)を20mLのDMSOへ溶解後、塩基性触媒であるTriethylamine(TEA,100μL)およびCDI(1.62g)を加え、窒素置換後、16時間撹拌し、活性化HP-β-CyDを得た。
上記(1)の工程で調製したCDI活性化HP-β-CyD溶液に、上記(2)の工程で調製したFA-EDAを全量加え、24時間撹拌した。0.1mMアンモニア水で1週間透析後(MWCO 1,000)、凍結乾燥した。乾燥後、イオン交換樹脂(ダイヤイオンPK212)カラムで分取し、FA-HP-β-CyDを得た。
調製の確認は、MALDI-TOF-MSおよび1H-NMRで行った。MALDI-TOF-MSの結果を図11に示し、1H-NMRの結果を図12に示す。
以下の実施例で用いた「FA-HP-β-CyD」には、α-FA-HP-β-CyD、γ-FA-HP-β-CyD、およびα,γ-di-FA-HP-β-CyDが含まれる。
葉酸置換度=(FAの積分値/プロトン数)/(CyDのプロトン数/HP置換度/プロトン数)=(0.52/1)/(4.11/5.5/3)=2.08
肝細胞株、肺癌細胞株(A549)、および白血病細胞株(BV173、K562、Ba/F3 p190、およびBa/F3 p210)の各細胞株における葉酸レセプターβの発現を、以下の通り、フローサイトメーターで解析した。 各細胞株2×106個の細胞混濁液に、PE anti-FOLR1抗体(Bio Legend)、APC anti-human Folate Receptor β(FR-β)抗体(Bio Legend)およびAPC anti-mouse Folate Receptor β(FR-β)抗体(Bio Legend)を添加して20分暗所でインキュベートした。1mLのPBS(pH7.4)で2回洗浄して細胞を収集し、ナイロンメッシュで濾過し、FACSVerseフローサイトメーターシステム(BD Biosciences)を使用して分析した。
白血病細胞株への増殖抑制作用を、以下の通り、改変ジメチル-チアゾール-ジフェニル-テトラゾリウム(MTTアッセイ)で評価した。
細胞生存率は、トリパンブルー色素排除法を使用して評価した。細胞増殖は、MTTアッセイであるCell Counting Kit-8(Dojindo、日本)を使用して評価した。平底96ウェルプレート(Greiner Labortechnik、ハンブルグ、ドイツ)にウェルあたり100μlのRPMI1640培地(Sigma-Aldrich、米国)で2×104個の各細胞を播種し、さまざまな濃度(0mM(コントロール:CT)、0.05mM、0.1mM、0.25mM、0.5mM、1mM)のFA-HP-β-CyDとHP-β-CyDに暴露して72時間インキュベートした。データは、3回の独立した実験の平均±標準偏差(SD)を表している。
HP-β-CyDに葉酸を修飾しただけでは、HP-β-CyDと比較してFA-HP-β-CyDの細胞障害活性は約2倍~約3倍にしかならかないと予想されるところ、実際には上記の通り約5倍~約20倍強力であり、このことは従来の技術常識からは予測できないことである。
ここで、非特許文献2(Okamatsu et al.,Biomacromolecules,(2013)14,p.4420-4428)のFig.4Dにあるように、細胞株は本実施例とは異なるKB細胞であるが、未修飾体(TRITC-NH2-C1-β-CyD)と比較して、葉酸修飾CyD(TRITC-Fol-C1-β-CyD)は2~3倍程度の細胞内取り込みであった。一般的に細胞内の濃度に相関して細胞障害性は高まることが推測されるため、本実施例で用いた細胞でも葉酸修飾による細胞障害性は2~3倍程度増強されるにとどまると従来は想定されていた。
葉酸受容体低発現細胞A549に対する増殖抑制作用を、以下の通り、評価した。
細胞増殖は、白血病細胞株を平底96ウェルプレート(Greiner Labortechnik、ハンブルグ、ドイツ)にウェルあたり100μlのDMEM培地(Sigma-Aldrich、米国)で2×104個の細胞を播種し、さまざまな濃度(0mM(コントロール:CT)、2.5mM、5mM、7.5mM、10mM)のFA-HP-β-CyDとHP-β-CyDを暴露して72時間インキュベートした。次に、ジメチル-チアゾール-ジフェニル-テトラゾリウム(MTT)アッセイ((Nacalai Tesque、日本)を使用して評価した。データは、3回の独立した実験の平均±標準偏差(SD)を表している。
葉酸(FA)存在下での白血病細胞株に対する細胞増殖抑制作用を、以下の通り、MTTアッセイで評価した。
平底96ウェルプレート(Greiner Labortechnik、ハンブルグ、ドイツ)にウェルあたり100μLの培地で2×104個の各細胞を播種し、FA(2mM)の非存在下および存在下でFA-HP-β-CyD(5mM)とHP-β-CyD(5mM)を含む培地とともに37℃で2時間インキュベートした。次に、改変ジメチル-チアゾール-ジフェニル-テトラゾリウム(MTT)アッセイであるCell Counting Kit-8(Dojindo、日本)を使用して評価した。データは、3回の独立した実験の平均±標準偏差(SD)を表している。
その結果を図4に示す。
FA-HP-β-CyDを暴露した細胞のアポトーシスを、以下の通り、Annexin V/ヨウ化プロピジウム(PI)染色で評価した。
アポトーシスアッセイは、Propidium iodide(PI)およびアネキシンV(BD Biosciences)で細胞を染色することによって実行した。細胞を6ウェルプレートで4×105個/wellの細胞密度で培養し、さまざまな濃度(0mM(コントロール:CT)、0.5mM、1mMおよび1.5mM)のFA-HP-β-CyDをともに48時間インキュベートした。次に、細胞をヨウ化プロピジウム(PI)およびアネキシンV-APC(BD Biosciences)で染色し、FACSVerseフローサイトメーターシステム(BD Biosciences)を使用して分析した。データは、3回の独立した実験の平均±SDを表している。
FA-HP-β-CyDの細胞内への取り込みを、以下の通り、評価した。
10mgのHP-β-CyDまたはFA-HP-β-CyDと1mgのTRITCを400μLのジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)に溶解し、24時間撹拌した後、溶液を徐々にアセトンに注いだ。沈殿物を得て、水で溶解した。それを凍結乾燥し、TRITC-HP-β-CyDとTRITC-FA-HP-β-CyDを調製した。
薬剤を暴露せずに、他の暴露群と同時に培養したものをControlとした。細胞局在をDAPIで、細胞膜をPlasMen Bright Greenで染色し、TRITC-FA-HP-β-CyDが細胞内に取り込まれていることを共焦点顕微鏡で評価した。
FA-HP-β-CyDのオートファゴソーム形成の誘導を、以下の通り、評価した。
細胞を6ウェルプレートで4×105個/wellの細胞密度で培養し、1mMまたは5mMのHP-β-CyDまたはFA-HP-β-CyDで2時間処理し、細胞をインキュベートした。その後、Cyto-ID(登録商標)オートファジー検出キット(Enzo Life Sciences、米国)を使用し、細胞観察には蛍光顕微鏡AxioImager.M2+ApoTome.2(ZEISS)を使用した。
オートファジー阻害の細胞増殖抑制効果に対する影響を、以下の通り、評価した。
本実施例では、白血病細胞株(K562およびBV173)を用いた。FA-HP-β-CyDは、実施例1で合成したものを用いた。
その結果を図8に示す。
有意差は次の通り検定した。すなわち、データの解析には対照表のない両側のStudent’s t-testを用いて分析した。P<0.05の値を有意差ありとした。
FA-HP-β-CyDとABLチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤の併用の効果を、以下の通り、評価した。
本実施例では、白血病細胞株(K562およびBV173)を用いた。FA-HP-β-CyDは、実施例1で合成したものを用いた。
各薬剤のIC50値が得られた後、TKIと組み合わせたFA-HP-β-CyDの抗白血病活性を単一の96ウェルプレートでアッセイした。K562細胞とBV173細胞の両方を、両方の化合物(imanitibおよびponatinib)の5つの濃度(IC50の0.25倍、0.5倍、0.75倍、1.0倍、または2.0倍)で処理した。併用効果と比較するために、細胞を単剤として各化合物(imanitibおよびponatinib)で処理した。影響を受ける画分(Fa;0.25のFaは25%の生細胞を示す)および組み合わせ指数(CI)は、CalcuSyn(Biosoft)を使用して計算した。この方法は、さまざまな用量と効果レベルでの相乗作用(CI<1)と拮抗作用(CI>1)の定量化を示す。データは、3回の独立した実験の平均±SDとして表わす。
FA-HP-β-CyDによるBCR-ABL白血病マウスの生存期間延長の効果を、以下の通り、評価した。
EGFP+Ba/F3 BCR-ABLWT細胞(1×106個)を6週齢のヌードマウスに移植した。移植の3日後、200μLのビヒクル(n=10)、150mM(2086.5mg/kg)HP-β-CyD(n=10)、15mM(249mg/kg)FA-HP-β-CyD(n=10)、または6.6μM(200mg/kg)imatinib(n=10)を1日2回、20日間腹腔内注射した。生存期間は毎日監視した。生存データを、ログランクのノンパラメトリック検定を使用して分析し、カプランマイヤー生存曲線として示した。
有意差は次の通り検定した。すなわち、データの解析には対照表のない両側のStudent’s t-testを用いて分析した。P<0.05の値を有意差ありとした。
[目的]
白血病細胞の中枢神経浸潤は白血病患者の予後に大きく関わる合併症の一つである。中枢神経浸潤の予防が一般化された現在においても、依然として中枢神経浸潤は大きな問題であり、急性リンパ性白血病の再発のうち中枢神経浸潤を伴うものは小児では30~40%、成人では1~15%と報告されている。治療法としては、抗がん剤の髄腔内投与や、シタラビンやメソテレキセートなどの中枢神経に移行しやすい抗がん剤の大量投与による強化化学療法が行われている。特に全身投与は中枢神経系以外でも臓器障害をきたしやすく、髄腔内投与は神経毒性の他、時に血球減少などもきたすことがある。何より、これらは30~40年ほど前より行われており、白血病中枢神経浸潤に対する治療法には一向に進歩がない。
今回、HP-β-CyD、FA-HP-β-CyDの白血病中枢神経浸潤に対する効果についてモデルマウスを作製し検証した。
脳室浸潤モデルマウス
BRJマウス(雌)を麻酔(塩酸メデトミジン(0.75mg/kg)、ミタゾラム(4mg/kg)、酒石酸ブトルファノール(5mg/kg)三種混合麻酔を腹腔内(IP)で100uL投与する)下で、ハミルトンシリンジLT型針先形状pst-3、25ゲージを用いて正確に3mmの深さまでBV173細胞(白血病細胞)を注入するように設計されたポリエチレンストッパーチューブを備えたマイクロシリンジを、矢状縫合によって定義される中心線の右側1mmの点で右冠状縫合を通して髄腔内移植した。
本実施例では、FA-HP-β-CyDは、実施例1で合成したものを用いた。
投与量は、遺伝性の脂質蓄積病Niemann-Pick病C型(NPC)モデルマウスに対してのHP-β-CyDの投与量(Int.J.Mol.Sci.2021,22,452.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010452)を参考に、HP-β-CyD 30mg/kg、FA-HP-β-CyD 3mg/kgとした。
また、下記表に示したマウスの脳脊髄液量を基に薬剤投与時の脳室内薬剤濃度は、HP-β-CyD 7.78mM、FA-HP-β-CyD 0.79mMとなる。
その結果を、図13に示す。白血病細胞(BV173)脳室移植後、2週目で、vehicle(PBS投与)(n=8)、HP-β-CyD 30mg/kg(n=8)、FA-HP-β-CyD 3mg/kg(n=8)を一回投与した。FA-HP-β-CyD群はVehicle群やHP-β-CyD群と比較して生存延長を認めた。ここで、Vehicle群と比較してHP-β-CyDではP=0.0746であり、FA-HP-β-CyDではP=0.0111であった。
目的でも述べたように、白血病の中枢神経浸潤は患者の予後に大きく影響する合併症であり、予防を行ってもある一定の割合で発生する。その治療法も長年変わらず、進歩がない。また、髄腔内投与、全身化学療法ともに有害事象をきたし、何度も繰り返し頻回に行えるものではない。その点、シクロデキストリンは抗がん剤投与でみられる血球減少をきたす可能性は低く、Niemann-Pick病C型患児へのHP-β-CyD髄室内投与が長期に可能であることからも、より少量で有効性の高い葉酸修飾HP-β-CyDが白血病中枢神経浸潤に対して有望な薬剤であることを明確に示すものである。
Claims (7)
- 葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルプロピルシクロデキストリン、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルブチルシクロデキストリン、および葉酸修飾ヒドロキシルエチルシクロデキストリンからなる群より選択される葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体を含む、がん治療用医薬組成物。
- 有効成分として、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体のみを含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記葉酸修飾ヒドロキシアルキル化シクロデキストリンまたはその誘導体が、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピルシクロデキストリンである、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピルシクロデキストリンが、葉酸修飾ヒドロキシプロピル-β-シクロデキストリンである、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- ABLチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤と組み合わせて用いられる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記がんが、白血病である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 注射剤である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
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