WO2023008347A1 - 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWSRVQVEYJNFKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)CC TWSRVQVEYJNFKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005460 perfluorocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005570 polycyclic cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBMSLRMNBSMKQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-1-amine Chemical compound NN1CCCC1 SBMSLRMNBSMKQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002112 pyrrolidino group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GQKZRWSUJHVIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-amyl acetate Natural products CCCC(C)OC(C)=O GQKZRWSUJHVIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005920 sec-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sphos Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000008027 tertiary esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DCFYRBLFVWYBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraoctylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC DCFYRBLFVWYBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JVOPCCBEQRRLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapentylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCC[N+](CCCCC)(CCCCC)CCCCC JVOPCCBEQRRLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005628 tolylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CDMIYIVDILNBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazinane-4,5,6-trithione Chemical compound SC1=NN=NC(S)=C1S CDMIYIVDILNBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- BJAARRARQJZURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound O.CN(C)C BJAARRARQJZURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HADKRTWCOYPCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HADKRTWCOYPCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VMJFYMAHEGJHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VMJFYMAHEGJHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by heteroatoms or groups containing heteroatoms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method.
- immersion liquid a liquid with a high refractive index
- Patent Document 1 discloses a resin that is decomposed by the action of an acid and has increased solubility in an alkaline developer, and a benzenesulfonate anion into which a specific steric hindrance group has been introduced, which is exposed to actinic rays or radiation.
- Actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin compositions containing a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation are described.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an acid-decomposable resin containing a repeating unit having a specific structure in which a specific amount or more of a repeating unit having an aromatic ring is provided and a carboxyl group is protected by a group having an alicyclic structure. Actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin compositions are described.
- the present invention provides excellent resolution, excellent roughness performance, and excellent pattern shape in extremely fine pattern formation (especially, line width or space width is 20 nm or less).
- an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition capable of reducing development defects, an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive film, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method using the same intended to
- a resin containing a repeating unit having a specific structure in which the carboxyl group bonded to the aromatic ring group is protected by a group (leaving group) that decomposes and leaves under the action of an acid By using an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a compound that has a benzenesulfonate anion into which a specific steric hindrance group has been introduced and that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation, We have found that the above problems can be solved.
- Actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing the following (A) and (B).
- B) Generates an acid when exposed to actinic rays or radiation.
- R 101 to R 103 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a halogen atom.
- L 101 represents a divalent aromatic ring group.
- R 104 to R 106 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group. Two of R 104 to R 106 may be linked together to form a ring.
- R 104 is a hydrogen atom
- at least one of R 105 and R 106 represents an alkenyl group.
- R 104 and R 105 are methyl groups and two of R 104 to R 106 are not linked to each other, R 106 represents a substituent other than methyl and ethyl.
- R 1 and R 5 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- R 2 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- M n+ represents a cation.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R 3 represents an aryl group.
- at least one of R 1 to R 5 is a group containing a polar group, a group containing a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase its polarity, or a group that is decomposed by the action of an alkaline developer.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to [1] or [2] which is a group containing a group that increases the solubility in an alkaline developer.
- the sensitizer according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein R 1 , R 3 and R 5 in the general formula (1) are groups represented by the following general formula (Ar). Light sensitive or radiation sensitive resin composition.
- R 6 to R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. At least one of R 6 to R 10 is a group containing a polar group, a group containing a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase the polarity, or is decomposed by the action of an alkaline developer and has solubility in an alkaline developer. is a group containing increasing groups. * represents a bond to the benzene ring in general formula (1).
- R 11 to R 15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R 11 to R 15 represents a substituent Y below.
- * represents a bond to the benzene ring in general formula (1).
- Substituent Y hydroxy group, carboxyl group, group having a carbonyl bond, acyloxy group, alkoxycarbonyloxy group, aryloxycarbonyloxy group, aryloxycarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, or imido group
- R 61 to R 63 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a halogen atom.
- R 62 may combine with Ar to form a ring, in which case R 62 represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Ar represents a (k+1)-valent aromatic ring group, and when combined with R 62 to form a ring, represents a (k+2)-valent aromatic ring group.
- k represents an integer of 1 to 5;
- an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition capable of reducing development defects, an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive film, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method using the same can do.
- actinic ray or “radiation” refers to, for example, the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays represented by excimer lasers, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV: Extreme Ultraviolet), X-rays, soft X-rays, and electron It means a line (EB: Electron Beam) or the like.
- light means actinic rays or radiation.
- exposure means, unless otherwise specified, not only the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays represented by excimer lasers, extreme ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and EUV exposure, but also electron beams and ion beams. It also includes drawing with particle beams such as beams.
- ⁇ is used to include the numerical values before and after it as lower and upper limits.
- (meth)acrylate represents at least one of acrylate and methacrylate.
- (Meth)acrylic acid represents at least one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
- Mw weight-average molecular weight
- Mn number-average molecular weight
- dispersity also referred to as molecular weight distribution
- HPC Gel Permeation Chromatography
- the notations that do not describe substitution and unsubstituted include not only groups having no substituents but also groups having substituents.
- an "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- the term "organic group” as used herein refers to a group containing at least one carbon atom.
- the bonding direction of the divalent groups represented is not limited unless otherwise specified.
- Y when Y is -COO-, Y may be -CO-O- or -O-CO- good too. Further, the above compound may be "X—CO—O—Z” or "X—O—CO—Z.”
- the acid dissociation constant (pKa) represents the pKa in an aqueous solution. is a calculated value. All pKa values described herein are calculated using this software package.
- Software Package 1 Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V8.14 for Solaris (1994-2007 ACD/Labs).
- pKa can also be determined by molecular orbital calculation.
- H + dissociation free energy can be calculated by, for example, DFT (density functional theory), but various other methods have been reported in literature, etc., and are not limited to this. .
- DFT density functional theory
- Gaussian16 is an example.
- pKa refers to a value obtained by calculating a value based on Hammett's substituent constant and a database of known literature values using Software Package 1, as described above. cannot be calculated, a value obtained by Gaussian 16 based on DFT (density functional theory) shall be adopted.
- pKa refers to "pKa in aqueous solution” as described above, but when pKa in aqueous solution cannot be calculated, “pKa in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution” is used. shall be adopted.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as the "composition of the present invention") is an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin containing the following (A) and (B) composition.
- R 101 to R 103 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a halogen atom.
- L 101 represents a divalent aromatic ring group.
- Two of R 104 to R 106 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group.
- R 104 to R 106 may be linked together to form a ring.
- R 104 is a hydrogen atom
- at least one of R 105 and R 106 represents an alkenyl group.
- R 104 and R 105 are methyl groups and two of R 14 to R 16 are not linked to each other, R 106 represents a substituent other than methyl and ethyl.
- R 1 and R 5 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- R 2 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- M n+ represents a cation.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Resin (A) a carboxylic acid
- the compound (B) which is a compound that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation and is represented by the following general formula (1) (“compound (B)”, “photoacid-generating (Also referred to as "agent (B)”), as described above, excellent
- the acid generated from compound (B) by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation is represented by general formula (1), wherein R 1 and R 5 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- R 1 and R 5 are respectively at the 2nd and 6th positions with respect to the carbon atom that binds to the sulfonate anion, they can be said to be adjacent positions to the sulfonate anion.
- An aryl or heteroaryl group is also a bulky and rigid group.
- R 1 and R 5 in general formula (1) is considered to have a high steric hindrance function with respect to the sulfonate anion.
- the acid generated in the exposed area by the compound (B) having the sulfonate anion is less likely to diffuse excessively into the unexposed area, which is considered to contribute to the improvement of the resolution.
- the acid generated from the compound (B) upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation is sulfonic acid directly bonded to the benzene ring, its acid strength is generally not very high.
- the group represented by —COO(R 104 ) (R 105 ) (R 106 ) in the acid-decomposable group is a rigid group as L 101 Since it is bonded to the main chain of the resin via a divalent aromatic ring group, it is bonded to the main chain of the resin without such a linking group or via a linking group with a flexible structure. Compared to the case, the molecular mobility is low, and acid diffusion can be suppressed.
- R 106 represents a substituent other than methyl and ethyl
- the compounds derived from R 104 , R 105 and R 106 that are eliminated from —COO(R 104 )(R 105 )(R 106 ) by the action of acid are compounds with a certain size.
- the reaction intermediates generated in the deprotection (elimination) reaction are stabilized, so that the decomposition reaction of —COO(R 104 ) (R 105 ) (R 106 ) with an acid proceeds. It's easy to do.
- the decomposition reaction of the resin by acid is more likely to occur in the exposed area, which is considered to greatly contribute to the improvement of resolution, roughness performance and pattern shape.
- both the repeating unit (a) and the compound (B) in the resin (A) described above have polar groups such as aryl groups, ester bonds, and sulfonate anions, ⁇ - ⁇ interaction It is considered that the resin (A) and the compound (B) are highly uniformly distributed in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film because of their high compatibility due to the action of hydrogen bonding.
- compound (B) is such that not only the benzene ring directly bonded to the sulfonate anion, but also the aryl or heteroaryl group as R 1 and R 5 are aromatic as L 101 in repeating unit (a) above.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention (also referred to as the composition of the present invention) is preferably a resist composition, and even if it is a positive resist composition, it is a negative resist composition. It can be a thing. Moreover, it may be a resist composition for alkali development or a resist composition for organic solvent development. Among them, it is preferably a positive resist composition and a resist composition for alkali development.
- the composition of the present invention is preferably a chemically amplified resist composition, more preferably a chemically amplified positive resist composition.
- a resin also referred to as “resin (A)” having a repeating unit (a) represented by general formula (a), which has a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to form a carboxylic acid, will be described.
- the resin (A) preferably has a repeating unit having a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to generate an acid and increases in polarity (hereinafter also referred to as an "acid-decomposable group").
- the resin (A) is a resin containing a repeating unit (a) represented by the general formula (a), which has a group that decomposes under the action of an acid to produce a carboxylic acid and increases in polarity. It is a flexible resin.
- the resin (A) is preferably a resin whose solubility in a developer is changed by the action of acid.
- the resin whose solubility in the developing solution is changed by the action of acid may be a resin whose solubility in developing solution is increased by action of acid or a resin whose solubility in developing solution is reduced by action of acid.
- the resin (A) has a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to produce a carboxylic acid, typically in the pattern forming method of the present invention, when an alkaline developer is employed as the developer, , a positive pattern is preferably formed, and when an organic developer is used as the developer, a negative pattern is preferably formed.
- the repeating unit (a) is a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (a) having a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to form a carboxylic acid.
- the repeating unit (a) is also referred to as "a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group".
- R 101 to R 103 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a halogen atom.
- L 101 represents a divalent aromatic ring group.
- R 104 to R 106 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group. Two of R 104 to R 106 may be linked together to form a ring.
- R 104 is a hydrogen atom
- at least one of R 105 and R 106 represents an alkenyl group.
- R 104 and R 105 are methyl groups and two of R 104 to R 106 are not linked to each other, R 106 represents a substituent other than methyl and ethyl.
- R 101 to R 103 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a halogen atom.
- Examples of organic groups represented by R 101 to R 103 include alkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups.
- Alkyl groups may be straight or branched. Although the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-3.
- Cycloalkyl groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic. The cycloalkyl group preferably has 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Halogen atoms represented by R 101 to R 103 include, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- R 101 to R 103 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R 101 and R 102 are hydrogen atoms, and R 103 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. is more preferred, and it is even more preferred that R 101 to R 103 are hydrogen atoms.
- L 101 represents a divalent aromatic ring group.
- the divalent aromatic ring group represented by L 101 includes an arylene group and a heteroarylene group.
- the arylene group for L 101 includes, for example, an arylene group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthrylene group, and the like.
- the heteroarylene group for L 101 includes, for example, a heteroarylene group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, including a 5- to 10-membered ring, specifically a furyl group.
- the divalent aromatic ring group represented by L 101 may further have a substituent such as a halogen atom.
- L 101 is preferably an arylene group, more preferably a phenylene group.
- R 104 to R 106 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group.
- R 104 to R 106 may be linked together to form a ring.
- R 104 is a hydrogen atom
- at least one of R 105 and R 106 represents an alkenyl group.
- R 104 and R 105 are methyl groups and two of R 104 to R 106 are not linked to each other, R 106 represents a substituent other than methyl and ethyl.
- alkyl group represented by R 104 to R 106 examples include alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched, such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl Alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as , isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and t-butyl are preferred.
- the cycloalkyl group represented by R 104 to R 106 includes a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, Or a cyclohexyl group is preferred.
- the aryl group represented by R 104 to R 106 includes aryl groups having 6 to 15 carbon atoms such as phenyl group and naphthyl group.
- the alkenyl group represented by R 104 to R 106 includes alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as vinyl group, 1-methylvinyl group, 1-propenyl group, allyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group.
- An alkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as a penyl group is preferred.
- Alkynyl groups represented by R 104 to R 106 include alkynyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 104 to R 106 are linked together to form a ring
- two of R 104 to R 106 are preferably linked to form a cycloalkyl group or cycloalkenyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of R 104 to R 106 includes monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group. is preferred, and polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as norbornyl, tetracyclodecanyl, tetracyclododecanyl, and adamantyl are preferred. Among them, monocyclic cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred.
- the cycloalkenyl group formed by combining two of R 104 to R 106 includes a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, especially a monocyclic cycloalkenyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms. Cycloalkenyl groups are preferred.
- the substituents represented by R 104 to R 106 may be further substituted with an organic group.
- the number of heteroatoms contained in the organic group is preferably 0 to 1.
- Examples of the organic group in the case where each of the substituents represented by R 104 to R 106 is substituted with an organic group include an alkyl group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), an alkoxy group (having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), An aryl group (having 6 to 10 carbon atoms) and the like can be mentioned.
- One of the methylene groups in the substituents represented by R 104 to R 106 may be replaced with a heteroatom-containing group such as a carbonyl group.
- one of the methylene groups constituting the ring is an oxygen atom, a hetero atom such as a sulfur atom, or a carbonyl group. may be substituted with a group having a heteroatom of
- the total number of heteroatoms contained in R 104 to R 106 is 0 to 1.
- the number of carbon atoms contained in each group of R 104 to R 106 is preferably 1 to 7.
- R 106 represents a substituent other than methyl and ethyl.
- R 104 and R 105 are methyl groups, two of R 104 to R 106 are not linked to each other, and R 106 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, the below-described compound (B) occurs.
- the total number of carbon atoms contained in R 104 to R 106 is more preferably 5 or more from the viewpoint of ensuring reactivity with the acid generated by compound (B).
- the total number of carbon atoms contained in R 104 to R 106 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 9 or less, more preferably 7 or less. By setting the total number of carbon atoms to 9 or less, desorbed substances desorbed from the resin (A) by the acid generated by the compound (B) described below are less likely to remain in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film, Better resolution.
- the total number of carbon atoms contained in R 104 to R 106 is preferably 5-9, more preferably 5-7.
- the total number of carbon atoms contained in R 104 to R 106 is preferably 10-16, more preferably 10-12.
- the resin (A) is likely to be rigid, the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film becomes hard, and the acid generated in the exposed area is difficult to diffuse into the unexposed area. Therefore, it is considered that the resolution is further improved.
- At least one of R 104 to R 106 preferably represents a group having a cyclic group.
- the cyclic group is not particularly limited as long as it forms a ring, and examples thereof include a cycloalkyl group and an aryl group.
- the phrase "at least one of R 104 to R 106 represents a group having a cyclic group" specifically includes the following aspects. At least one of R 104 to R 106 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group, and the alkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkynyl group has a substituent, and the substituent is a cycloalkyl group Or the aspect which has an aryl group.
- the alkyl group includes alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched, such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, Alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as n-butyl, isobutyl and t-butyl are preferred.
- alkenyl group include alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as vinyl group, 1-methylvinyl group, 1-propenyl group, allyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, and the like. 2 to 4 alkenyl groups are preferred.
- Alkynyl groups include alkynyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group as a substituent includes a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group. preferable.
- the aryl group of the substituent includes aryl groups having 6 to 15 carbon atoms such as phenyl group and naphthyl group.
- the group having a cyclic group may be the cyclic group itself.
- examples of the group having a cyclic group include a cycloalkyl group and an aryl group.
- examples of the cycloalkyl group include the same cycloalkyl groups as the substituents described above, and examples of the aryl groups include the same aryl groups as the substituents described above.
- the cycloalkyl group and aryl group may further have a substituent.
- two of R 104 to R 106 may be linked together to form a ring, and in a preferred embodiment, two of R 104 to R 106 are linked together to form a ring. is preferred.
- R 104 to R 106 of the repeating unit (a) each independently represent an alkyl group or an alkenyl group. Two of R 104 to R 106 may be linked together to form a ring. When R 104 and R 105 are methyl groups and two of R 104 to R 106 are not linked to each other, R 106 represents a substituent other than methyl and ethyl.
- R 104 is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group
- R 105 and R 106 are preferably combined to form a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group
- R 104 has a carbon number It is more preferably an alkyl group or alkenyl group of 1 to 3 groups, and R 105 and R 106 combine to form a cyclopentyl group.
- R 104 to R 106 is an embodiment in which R 104 and R 105 are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R 106 is an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the repeating unit represented by general formula (a) is preferably a repeating unit represented by general formula (a-1) below.
- R 101 to R 103 in general formula (a-1) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a halogen atom.
- R 104 to R 106 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group.
- R 104 to R 106 may be linked together to form a ring.
- R 104 is a hydrogen atom
- at least one of R 105 and R 106 represents an alkenyl group.
- R 104 and R 105 are methyl groups and two of R 104 to R 106 are not linked to each other, R 106 represents a substituent other than methyl and ethyl.
- R 101 to R 103 in general formula (a-1) have the same definitions as R 101 to R 103 in general formula (a) above, and preferred examples are also the same.
- R 104 to R 106 in general formula (a-1) have the same meanings as R 104 to R 106 in general formula (a) above, and preferred examples are also the same.
- repeating unit (a) Specific examples of the repeating unit (a) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the resin (A) may contain the repeating unit (a) singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the repeating unit (a) contained in the resin (A) (the total when there are a plurality of repeating units (a)) is 15 mol% or more with respect to the total repeating units of the resin (A). is preferably 20 mol % or more, and even more preferably 30 mol % or more. By making it 15 mol % or more, the effects of the present invention are more likely to occur.
- the content of the repeating unit (a) contained in the resin (A) (the total when there are multiple repeating units (a)) is 70 mol% or less with respect to the total repeating units of the resin (A). is preferably 60 mol % or less, and even more preferably 50 mol % or less.
- the content of the repeating unit (a) contained in the resin (A) (the total when there are multiple repeating units (a)) is 10% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the resin (A). is preferred, 20% by mass or more is more preferred, and 30% by mass or more is even more preferred. By making it 10% by mass or more, the effects of the present invention are more likely to occur.
- the content of the repeating unit (a) contained in the resin (A) is 70% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the resin (A). preferably 60% by mass or less, and even more preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the mass ratio (repeating unit (a)/compound (B)) of the repeating unit (a) contained in the resin (A) and the compound (B) described later is 0.75. It is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1 or more, and even more preferably 2 or more. By setting the above ratio to 0.75 or more, the number of the aromatic ring groups contained in the resin (A) and the number of the aromatic ring groups contained in the compound (B) become close, and the resin (A) and the compound (B) It is preferable because the compatibility with is further improved, and more favorable roughness performance and pattern shape can be obtained.
- the upper limit of the above ratio is not particularly limited, it is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 8 or less, and even more preferably 6 or less.
- the resin (A) may contain a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group other than the repeating unit (a) as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group other than the repeating unit (a) known repeating units can be appropriately used.
- paragraphs [0055] to [0191] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0274458A1 paragraphs [0035] to [0085] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0004544A1
- US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0147150A1 A repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group in known resins disclosed in paragraphs [0045] to [0090] of the specification can be preferably used.
- the content of the repeating units having an acid-decomposable group contained in the resin (A) (the total when there are a plurality of repeating units having an acid-decomposable group) is 10 to 90 mol % is preferred, 20 to 80 mol % is more preferred, and 30 to 70 mol % is even more preferred.
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit having an acid group.
- an acid group having an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 13 or less is preferable.
- pKa acid dissociation constant
- the resin (A) preferably has a repeating unit having a phenolic hydroxyl group in addition to the repeating unit (a) described above.
- a repeating unit represented by formula (B) is preferable.
- R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a group represented by -L 4 -R 8 is preferable.
- L4 represents a single bond or an ester group.
- R8 includes an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a combination thereof.
- R4 and R5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group.
- a halogen atom includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.
- L2 represents a single bond or an ester group.
- L 3 represents an (n+m+1)-valent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an (n+m+1)-valent alicyclic hydrocarbon ring group.
- Aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups include a benzene ring group and a naphthalene ring group.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon ring group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and examples thereof include cycloalkyl ring groups.
- R6 represents a hydroxyl group or a fluorinated alcohol group (preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group). When R 6 is a hydroxyl group, L 3 is preferably an (n+m+1)-valent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group.
- R7 represents a halogen atom.
- a halogen atom includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.
- m represents an integer of 1 or more.
- m is preferably an integer of 1-3, more preferably an integer of 1-2.
- n represents an integer of 0 or 1 or more.
- n is preferably an integer of 1-4. (n+m+1) is preferably an integer of 1-5.
- repeating unit having an acid group a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (c) (repeating unit (c)) is also preferable. It is preferable that the resin (A) further contains a repeating unit (c) represented by the following general formula (c).
- R 61 to R 63 each represent a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a halogen atom.
- R 62 may combine with Ar to form a ring, in which case R 62 represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Ar represents a (k+1)-valent aromatic ring group, and when combined with R 62 to form a ring, represents a (k+2)-valent aromatic ring group.
- k represents an integer of 1 to 5;
- R 61 to R 63 each represent a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a halogen atom.
- the organic group represented by R 61 to R 63 is, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- alkyl groups represented by R 61 to R 63 include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, hexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, octyl group and dodecyl group. is preferably an alkyl group having 20 or less carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 8 or less carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl groups represented by R 61 to R 63 may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Among them, monocyclic cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group are preferable.
- the alkyl group contained in the alkoxycarbonyl group represented by R 61 to R 63 is preferably the same as the alkyl group for R 61 to R 63 above.
- the alkylene group for R 62 is preferably a group obtained by removing one arbitrary hydrogen atom from the alkyl group for R 61 to R 63 above.
- Halogen atoms represented by R 61 to R 63 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, with a fluorine atom being preferred.
- substituents for the above groups include, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an amido group, a ureido group, a urethane group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a thioether group, and an acyl group. , an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a cyano group, and a nitro group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 8 or less.
- Ar represents a (k+1)-valent aromatic ring group.
- the divalent aromatic ring group when k is 1 may have a substituent, for example, a phenylene group, a tolylene group, a naphthylene group, and an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as an anthracenylene group.
- a hetero ring such as a thiophene ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, a benzothiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzopyrrole ring, a triazine ring, an imidazole ring, a benzimidazole ring, a triazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, and a thiazole ring
- a cyclic group is preferred.
- Specific examples of the (k+1)-valent aromatic ring group where k is an integer of 2 or more include the above specific examples of the divalent aromatic ring group, with (k-1) any hydrogen atoms removed.
- a group formed by The (k+1)-valent aromatic ring group may further have a substituent.
- substituents that the (k+1)-valent aromatic ring group may have include halogen atoms, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, alkenyl groups, aralkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkylcarbonyloxy groups, and alkylsulfonyloxy groups. , an alkyloxycarbonyl group or an aryloxycarbonyl group.
- Ar is preferably an aromatic ring group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably a benzene ring group, a naphthalene ring group, or a biphenylene ring group.
- the repeating unit represented by general formula (c) preferably has a hydroxystyrene structure. That is, Ar is preferably a benzene ring group, more preferably a phenylene group (a divalent benzene ring group).
- L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group represented by L includes *-X 4 -L 4 -**.
- X 4 represents a single bond, -COO- or -CONR 64 -
- R 64 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- L4 represents a single bond or an alkylene group. * is a bond with a carbon atom of the main chain in general formula (c), and ** is a bond with Ar.
- the alkyl group for R 64 in —CONR 64 — (R 64 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) represented by X 4 includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec -Butyl group, hexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group and other alkyl groups having 20 or less carbon atoms, preferably alkyl groups having 8 or less carbon atoms.
- X 4 is preferably a single bond, -COO- or -CONH-, more preferably a single bond or -COO-.
- the alkylene group for L4 is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, hexylene group, and octylene group.
- L is preferably a single bond, -COO- or -CONH-, more preferably a single bond.
- k represents an integer of 1-5. k is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and even more preferably 1.
- repeating unit having an acid group a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1) is preferable.
- A represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, or a cyano group.
- R represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, an alkylsulfonyloxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group or an aryloxycarbonyl group; They may be the same or different depending on the case. When it has a plurality of R, they may jointly form a ring.
- a hydrogen atom is preferred as R.
- a represents an integer of 1 to 3;
- b represents an integer from 0 to (3-a).
- repeating units having an acid group are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a represents an integer of 1-3.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- a represents 2 or 3.
- the content of repeating units having an acid group is preferably 10 to 80 mol%, more preferably 15 to 75 mol%, still more preferably 20 to 70 mol%, based on all repeating units in the resin (A).
- Resin (A) may further have a repeating unit having a lactone group or a sultone group.
- the lactone group or sultone group any group having a lactone structure or sultone structure can be used, but a group having a 5- to 7-membered ring lactone structure or a 5- to 7-membered ring sultone structure is preferred.
- a 5- to 7-membered lactone structure in which another ring structure is condensed to form a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure, or a 5- to 7-membered sultone structure in a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure is more preferably condensed with another ring structure to form A group having a lactone structure represented by any of the following general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21), or a sultone represented by any of the following general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3) It is more preferable to have a repeating unit having a group having a structure. Also, a group having a lactone structure or a sultone structure may be directly bonded to the main chain.
- Preferred structures include general formula (LC1-1), general formula (LC1-4), general formula (LC1-5), general formula (LC1-6), general formula (LC1-13), and general formula ( Groups represented by LC1-14) are preferred.
- the lactone structure portion or sultone structure portion may have a substituent (Rb 2 ).
- Preferred substituents (Rb 2 ) include alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and carboxyl groups. , a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an acid-decomposable group, and the like.
- n2 represents an integer of 0-4. When n2 is 2 or more, multiple Rb 2 may be different, and multiple Rb 2 may combine to form a ring.
- repeating units having a group having a lactone structure or sultone structure include repeating units represented by the following general formula (AI).
- Rb 0 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred substituents that the alkyl group of Rb 0 may have include a hydroxyl group and a halogen atom.
- Halogen atoms for Rb 0 include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- Rb 0 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Ab is a single bond, an alkylene group, a divalent linking group having a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, or a combination of these divalent groups represents Among them, a single bond or a linking group represented by -Ab 1 -CO 2 - is preferred.
- Ab 1 is a linear or branched alkylene group or a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group, preferably a methylene group, ethylene group, cyclohexylene group, adamantylene group or norbornylene group.
- V represents a group having a lactone structure or a sultone structure. Groups having a lactone structure or sultone structure for V include groups represented by any of general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21) and general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3). preferable.
- a repeating unit having a group having a lactone structure or a sultone structure usually has optical isomers, and any optical isomers may be used. Moreover, one kind of optical isomer may be used alone, or a plurality of optical isomers may be mixed and used. When one kind of optical isomer is mainly used, its optical purity (ee) is preferably 90 or more, more preferably 95 or more.
- Rx represents H, CH3 , CH2OH , or CF3 .
- the content of repeating units having a lactone group or a sultone group is preferably 1 to 60 mol%, more preferably 5 to 50 mol%, and further 10 to 40 mol%, based on the total repeating units in the resin (A). preferable.
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- Repeating units having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom include repeating units described in paragraphs 0080 to 0081 of JP-A-2019-045864.
- the resin (A) may have, as a repeating unit other than the above, a repeating unit having a group that generates an acid upon exposure to radiation.
- Repeating units having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom include repeating units described in paragraphs 0092 to 0096 of JP-A-2019-045864.
- Resin (A) may have a repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group.
- the alkali-soluble group includes a carboxyl group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, a bissulsulfonylimide group, and an aliphatic alcohol substituted with an electron-withdrawing group at the ⁇ -position (e.g., a hexafluoroisopropanol group). Carboxyl groups are preferred.
- the repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group a repeating unit in which an alkali-soluble group is directly bonded to the main chain of the resin such as a repeating unit of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or a repeating unit to the main chain of the resin via a linking group.
- a repeating unit of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a repeating unit to the main chain of the resin via a linking group.
- the linking group may have a monocyclic or polycyclic cyclic hydrocarbon structure.
- a repeating unit of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is preferred.
- Resin (A) may further have a repeating unit having neither an acid-decomposable group nor a polar group.
- a repeating unit having neither an acid-decomposable group nor a polar group preferably has an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure.
- Repeating units having neither an acid-decomposable group nor a polar group include, for example, repeating units described in paragraphs 0236 to 0237 of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0026083, and US Patent Application Publication No. Examples include repeating units described in paragraph 0433 of 2016/0070167.
- the resin (A) may contain various repeating units for the purpose of adjusting dry etching resistance, suitability for standard developer, substrate adhesion, resist profile, resolution, heat resistance, sensitivity, etc. may have.
- the resin (A) can be synthesized according to a conventional method (eg, radical polymerization).
- General synthesis methods include, for example, (1) a batch polymerization method in which a monomer species and an initiator are dissolved in a solvent and then polymerized by heating; A drop polymerization method, in which the solution is added dropwise over 10 hours to add to the heated solvent, may be mentioned.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the resin (A) is preferably 1,000 to 200,000, more preferably 2,000 to 30,000, even more preferably 3,000 to 25,000.
- the dispersity (Mw/Mn) is usually 1.0 to 3.0, preferably 1.0 to 2.6, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0, further preferably 1.1 to 2.0. preferable.
- the resin (A) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the resin (A) is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and 80% by mass or more, based on the total solid content. is even more preferable, and 90% by mass or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, it can be, for example, 99% by mass or less.
- total solids is intended other ingredients, excluding solvent.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention includes (B) a compound that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation, and is represented by the following general formula (1): , a compound (also referred to as “compound (B)” or “photoacid generator (B)”).
- the compound (B) is a compound (photoacid generator) that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation.
- R 1 and R 5 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- R 2 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- M n+ represents a cation.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the aryl group for R 1 and R 5 includes, for example, an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, and the like. can.
- the heteroaryl group for R 1 and R 5 includes, for example, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, such as a 5- to 10-membered ring, specifically , furyl group, thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, oxazolyl group, pyridyl group, quinolinyl group, carbazolyl group and the like.
- R 2 to R 4 are not particularly limited as long as they are monovalent substituents, but examples include alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; groups containing heteroatoms such as atoms and silicon atoms; and combinations of two or more of these.
- alkyl groups for R 2 to R 4 include alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, hexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, octyl group and dodecyl group. and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- alkenyl groups for R 2 to R 4 include alkenyl groups having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and alkenyl groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms are preferred.
- Cycloalkyl groups as R 2 to R 4 may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Although the number of carbon atoms in this cycloalkyl group is not particularly limited, it is preferably 3-8.
- the aryl group for R 2 to R 4 includes, for example, an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, and the like. can.
- Halogen atoms for R 2 to R 4 include, for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- Groups containing heteroatoms include, for example, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, alkoxy group, thiol group, thioether group, nitro group, nitroso group, cyano group, amino group, acyloxy group, acylamide group, heteroaryl group, ether bond, carbonyl Conjugation and combinations of two or more of these are included.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group, acyloxy group and acylamide group is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 8 or less.
- the alkoxy groups include, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butyroxy, t-butoxy and octyloxy groups. Among them, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, isopropoxy group and t-butoxy group are particularly preferred.
- the thioether group includes the same alkoxy groups, except that a sulfur atom is used instead of the oxygen atom.
- Acyloxy groups include, for example, acetyloxy groups.
- the acylamide group includes, for example, an acetylamide group.
- Heteroaryl groups include the same heteroaryl groups as R 1 and R 5 .
- the aryl group and heteroaryl group as R 1 and R 5 may further have a substituent.
- Further substituents include, for example, alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; groups containing heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and silicon atoms; A combination of Alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; groups containing heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and silicon atoms ; Alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; groups containing hetero atoms such as oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms and silicon atoms; Similar to combinations of species or more.
- the aryl group and heteroaryl group as R 1 and R 5 have multiple substituents, at least two of the multiple substituents may combine with each other to form a ring.
- Alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; groups containing hetero atoms such as oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms and silicon atoms as substituents of R 2 to R 4 further have substituents.
- substituents include, for example, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, amino groups, amido groups, ureido groups, urethane groups, hydroxy groups, carboxy groups, halogen atoms, alkoxy groups, thioether groups, acyl groups, groups, acyloxy groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, cyano groups and nitro groups, and combinations of two or more of these.
- R 1 and R 5 are a group containing a polar group described later, a group containing a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase polarity, or decomposed by the action of an alkaline developer to increase the solubility in the alkaline developer. It is possible to construct a group that includes a group that R 2 to R 4 above are a group containing a polar group described later, a group containing a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase polarity, or decomposed by the action of an alkaline developer to increase the solubility in the alkaline developer. It is possible to construct a group that includes a group that includes a group that
- R 3 preferably represents an aryl group.
- the aryl group for R 3 include the same aryl groups as those for R 1 and R 5 .
- the aryl group as R3 may further have a substituent.
- the groups described above as specific examples of the substituents that R 1 and R 5 described above may further have can be mentioned.
- the aryl group as R 3 has multiple substituents, at least two of the multiple substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- At least one of R 1 to R 5 is a group containing a polar group, a group containing a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase its polarity, or a group that is decomposed by the action of an alkaline developer. , is preferably a group containing a group that increases the solubility in an alkaline developer.
- Examples of the polar group in the group containing a polar group as at least one of R 1 to R 5 include a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, and (alkylsulfonyl) (alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, (alkylsulfonyl)(alkylcarbonyl)imide group, bis(alkylcarbonyl)methylene group, bis(alkylcarbonyl)imide group, bis(alkylsulfonyl)methylene group, bis(alkylsulfonyl)imide group, Examples include acidic groups such as tris(alkylcarbonyl)methylene groups and tris(alkylsulfonyl)methylene groups, and alcoholic hydroxyl groups.
- the alcoholic hydroxyl group is a hydroxyl group bonded to a hydrocarbon group, and refers to a hydroxyl group other than a hydroxyl group directly bonded to an aromatic ring (phenolic hydroxyl group). It excludes aliphatic alcohols substituted with functional groups (eg, hexafluoroisopropanol groups, etc.).
- the alcoholic hydroxyl group is preferably a hydroxyl group with a pKa (acid dissociation constant) of 12 or more and 20 or less.
- the polar group is preferably a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, or a fluorinated alcohol group (preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group).
- a group having a carbonyl bond can also be mentioned as a group containing a polar group.
- groups having a carbonyl bond include alkylcarbonyl groups and arylcarbonyl groups.
- alkyl group include those similar to the alkyl groups for R 2 to R 4 .
- the aryl group includes, for example, the same aryl groups as R 1 and R 5 .
- a group having a carbonyl bond is a group in which the carbonyl bond and the ether bond are not adjacently bonded.
- Alkylcarbonyl groups and arylcarbonyl groups as groups having a carbonyl bond may further have a substituent.
- substituents include, for example, alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; groups containing heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and silicon atoms; A combination of Alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; groups containing heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and silicon atoms ; Alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; groups containing hetero atoms such as oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms and silicon atoms; Similar to combinations of species or more.
- the group containing a polar group is not particularly limited, but an organic group containing a polar group can be mentioned.
- Organic groups containing polar groups include, for example, alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; A group having a polar group, which is a combination of more than one species, can be mentioned.
- Examples of the group containing a polar group include an alkyl group containing a polar group and an aryl group containing a polar group.
- Examples of the alkyl group in the alkyl group containing a polar group include those similar to the alkyl groups for R 2 to R 4 .
- Examples of the aryl group in the aryl group containing a polar group include the same aryl groups as R 1 and R 5 .
- the group containing the polar group may be the polar group itself.
- At least one of R 1 to R 5 is a group containing a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid and increases in polarity (hereinafter also referred to as an "acid-decomposable group"). ) preferably has a structure in which the polar group is protected by a group (leaving group) that decomposes and leaves by the action of an acid.
- the polar group the same polar group as in the group containing a polar group as at least one of R 1 to R 5 can be mentioned.
- Groups that are decomposed and left by the action of an acid include, for example, groups represented by formulas (Y1) to (Y4).
- Formula (Y1) -C(Rx 1 )(Rx 2 )(Rx 3 )
- Formula (Y3) —C(R 36 )(R 37 )(OR 38 )
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent an alkyl group (linear or branched) or a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic).
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 are alkyl groups (linear or branched)
- at least two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are preferably methyl groups.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 preferably each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a linear alkyl group. is more preferred.
- Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may combine to form a monocyclic or polycyclic ring.
- the alkyl groups of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and t-butyl group. preferable.
- the cycloalkyl groups represented by Rx 1 to Rx 3 include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups, norbornyl, tetracyclodecanyl, tetracyclododecanyl, and adamantyl groups. is preferred.
- Cycloalkyl groups formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, norbornyl, tetracyclodecanyl, and tetracyclododeca.
- a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as a nil group and an adamantyl group is preferable, and a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- a cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring has a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group. may be replaced.
- Rx 1 is a methyl group or an ethyl group
- Rx 2 and Rx 3 combine to form the above-described cycloalkyl group. is preferred.
- R 36 to R 38 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 37 and R 38 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- Monovalent organic groups include alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, and alkenyl groups. It is also preferred that R 36 is a hydrogen atom.
- L 1 and L 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group combining these (e.g., a group combining an alkyl group and an aryl group).
- M represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Q is an alkyl group optionally containing a heteroatom, a cycloalkyl group optionally containing a heteroatom, an aryl group optionally containing a heteroatom, an amino group, an ammonium group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, an aldehyde group, or a group combining these (for example, a group combining an alkyl group and a cycloalkyl group).
- one of the methylene groups may be replaced by a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a group containing a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- L 1 and L 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom, and the other is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a combination of an alkylene group and an aryl group. At least two of Q, M and L 1 may combine to form a ring (preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring).
- L2 is preferably a secondary or tertiary alkyl group, more preferably a tertiary alkyl group.
- Secondary alkyl groups include isopropyl, cyclohexyl and norbornyl groups, and tertiary alkyl groups include tert-butyl and adamantane groups.
- the Tg (glass transition temperature) and the activation energy are increased, so that the film strength can be ensured and fogging can be suppressed.
- Ar represents an aromatic ring group.
- Rn represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- Rn and Ar may combine with each other to form a non-aromatic ring.
- Ar is more preferably an aryl group.
- the acid-decomposable group preferably has an acetal structure.
- the acetal structure is, for example, a structure in which a polar group such as a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, or a fluorinated alcohol group is protected with a group represented by the above formula (Y3).
- the group containing an acid-decomposable group is not particularly limited as long as it is a group containing an acid-decomposable group, and an organic group containing an acid-decomposable group can be mentioned.
- organic groups containing acid-decomposable groups include alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; and a group having an acid-decomposable group.
- Examples of the group containing an acid-decomposable group include an alkyl group containing an acid-decomposable group and an aryl group containing an acid-decomposable group.
- Examples of the alkyl group in the alkyl group containing an acid-decomposable group include those similar to the alkyl groups for R 2 to R 4 .
- Examples of the aryl group in the aryl group containing an acid-decomposable group include the same aryl groups as R 1 and R 5 .
- the group containing an acid-decomposable group may be the acid-decomposable group itself.
- At least one of R 1 to R 5 includes a group that is decomposed by the action of an alkaline developer and increases the solubility in the alkaline developer, and decomposes by the action of the alkaline developer and is dissolved in the alkaline developer.
- a group that increases the solubility at is also called a "polar conversion group", and specific examples include a lactone group, a carboxylic acid ester group (-COO-), an acid anhydride group (-C(O)OC(O) -), acid imide group (-NHCONH-), carboxylic acid thioester group (-COS-), carbonate group (-OC(O)O-), sulfate group (-OSO 2 O-), sulfonate group (—SO 2 O—) and the like.
- groups containing polar conversion groups include acyloxy groups, alkoxycarbonyloxy groups, aryloxycarbonyloxy groups, aryloxycarbonyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, carbamoyl groups, and imide groups.
- the acyl group in the acyloxy group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group in the alkoxycarbonyloxy group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group in the aryloxycarbonyloxy group preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group in the aryloxycarbonyl group preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group in the alkoxycarbonyl group is preferably 1-30, more preferably 1-8.
- An imide group is a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from imide.
- the acyloxy group, alkoxycarbonyloxy group, aryloxycarbonyloxy group, aryloxycarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group and imido group may further have a substituent.
- substituents the groups described above as specific examples of the substituents that R 1 and R 5 described above may further have can be mentioned.
- the polarity conversion group is a group represented by X in the partial structure represented by general formula (KA-1) or (KB-1).
- X in the general formula (KA-1) or (KB-1) is a carboxylic acid ester group: -COO-, an acid anhydride group: -C(O)OC(O)-, an acid imide group: -NHCONH-, Carboxylic acid thioester group: -COS-, carbonate group: -OC(O)O-, sulfate group: -OSO 2 O-, sulfonate group: -SO 2 O-.
- Y 1 and Y 2 may be the same or different and represent an electron-withdrawing group.
- the compound (B) has a group having a partial structure represented by general formula (KA-1) or (KB-1) as a group containing a polarity conversion group.
- the partial structure represented by the general formula (KA-1), and the partial structure represented by (KB-1) when Y 1 and Y 2 are monovalent, the above partial structure is a bond is not present, the group having the above partial structure is a group having a monovalent or higher valence group from which at least one arbitrary hydrogen atom in the above partial structure is removed.
- the partial structure represented by general formula (KA-1) is a structure that forms a ring structure together with a group as X.
- X in general formula (KA-1) is preferably a carboxylate group (that is, when KA-1 forms a lactone ring structure), an acid anhydride group, or a carbonate group.
- a carboxylic acid ester group is more preferred.
- the ring structure represented by general formula (KA-1) may have a substituent, for example, it may have nka substituents Z ka1 .
- Z ka1 When there are more than one Z ka1 , each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aryl group, a lactone ring group, or an electron-withdrawing group.
- Z ka1 may be linked together to form a ring. Examples of the ring formed by combining Z ka1 include a cycloalkyl ring and a hetero ring (cyclic ether ring, lactone ring, etc.).
- nka represents an integer from 0 to 10; It is preferably an integer of 0-8, more preferably an integer of 0-5, still more preferably an integer of 1-4, and most preferably an integer of 1-3.
- the electron-withdrawing group for Z ka1 is the same as the electron-withdrawing group for Y 1 and Y 2 typified by a halogen atom.
- the electron-withdrawing group may be substituted with another electron-withdrawing group.
- Z ka1 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, or an electron-withdrawing group, more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an electron-withdrawing group.
- the ether group one substituted with an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or the like, that is, an alkyl ether group or the like is preferable.
- Preferred examples of the electron-withdrawing group are the same as the electron-withdrawing groups for Y 1 and Y 2 described later.
- a halogen atom as Z ka1 includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom and the like, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group as Z ka1 may have a substituent and may be linear or branched.
- the linear alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and t-butyl.
- the branched alkyl group preferably has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include i-propyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, i-pentyl, t-pentyl, i-hexyl group, t-hexyl group, i-heptyl group, t-heptyl group, i-octyl group, t-octyl group, i-nonyl group, t-decanoyl group and the like.
- cycloalkyl group as Z ka1 may have a substituent, and may be monocyclic, polycyclic, or bridged.
- a cycloalkyl group may have a bridged structure.
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclobutyl group and a cyclooctyl group.
- Examples of the polycyclic type include groups having a bicyclo, tricyclo, tetracyclo structure having 5 or more carbon atoms, preferably a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as adamantyl group, norbornyl group, isobornyl group, Campanyl group, dicyclopentyl group, ⁇ -pinel group, tricyclodecanyl group, tetocyclododecyl group, androstanyl group and the like.
- the following structure is also preferable as the cycloalkyl group.
- Some of the carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be substituted with heteroatoms such as oxygen atoms.
- Preferred alicyclic moieties include adamantyl group, noradamantyl group, decalin group, tricyclodecanyl group, tetracyclododecanyl group, norbornyl group, cedrol group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, and cyclodecanyl. and the cyclododecanyl group.
- adamantyl group More preferred are adamantyl group, decalin group, norbornyl group, cedrol group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclodecanyl group, cyclododecanyl group and tricyclodecanyl group.
- Substituents for these alicyclic structures include alkyl groups, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, carboxyl groups, and alkoxycarbonyl groups.
- the alkyl group is preferably a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or butyl, more preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
- Preferred examples of the alkoxy group include those having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy. Examples of substituents that the alkyl group and the alkoxy group may have include a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group (preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and the like.
- Examples of the lactone ring group for Z ka1 include groups obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from structures represented by any of (KA-1-1) to (KA-1-17) described later.
- the aryl group for Z ka1 includes, for example, a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aryl group of Z ka1 may further have include a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), a nitro group, a cyano group, the above alkyl group, a methoxy group, Alkoxy groups such as ethoxy group, hydroxyethoxy group, propoxy group, hydroxypropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group and t-butoxy group, alkoxycarbonyl groups such as methoxycarbonyl group and ethoxycarbonyl group, benzyl aralkyl groups such as phenethyl group and cumyl group; acyl groups such as aralkyloxy group, formyl group, acetyl group, butyryl group, benzoyl group, cyanamyl group and valeryl group; acyloxy groups such as butyryl
- X in general formula (KA-1) is a carboxylic acid ester group
- the partial structure represented by general formula (KA-1) is preferably a lactone ring, preferably a 5- to 7-membered lactone ring.
- the 5- to 7-membered lactone ring as the partial structure represented by the general formula (KA-1) has a bicyclo structure, a spiro Other ring structures are preferably condensed to form a structure.
- Peripheral ring structures to which the ring structure represented by general formula (KA-1) may be bound include, for example, those in (KA-1-1) to (KA-1-17) below, or I can list the thing which I followed.
- Structures represented by any of the following (KA-1-1) to (KA-1-17) are more preferable as structures containing a lactone ring structure represented by general formula (KA-1).
- the lactone structure may be directly bonded to the main chain.
- Preferred structures include (KA-1-1), (KA-1-4), (KA-1-5), (KA-1-6), (KA-1-13), (KA-1- 14), (KA-1-17).
- the structure containing the lactone ring structure may or may not have a substituent.
- Preferred substituents include those similar to the substituents that the ring structure represented by the general formula (KA-1) may have.
- Some lactone structures have an optically active form, but any optically active form may be used.
- one type of optically active substance may be used alone, or a plurality of optically active substances may be mixed and used.
- optical purity ee is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and most preferably 98% or more.
- a carboxylic acid ester group (-COO-) can be preferably mentioned as X in the general formula (KB-1).
- Y 1 and Y 2 in general formula (KB-1) each independently represent an electron-withdrawing group.
- the electron-withdrawing group preferably has a partial structure represented by the following formula (EW).
- * in formula (EW) represents a bond directly linked to (KA-1) or a bond directly linked to X in (KB-1).
- n ew is the repeating number of the linking group represented by —C(R ew1 )(R ew2 )— and represents an integer of 0 or 1; When new is 0, it represents a single bond, indicating that Yew1 is directly bonded .
- Y ew1 is a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitrile group, a nitro group, a halo(cyclo)alkyl group represented by —C(R f1 )(R f2 )—R f3 described later, a haloaryl group, an oxy group, a carbonyl group; , sulfonyl groups, sulfinyl groups, and combinations thereof, and the electron-withdrawing group may be, for example, the following structure.
- the "halo(cyclo)alkyl group” represents an alkyl group and a cycloalkyl group which are at least partially halogenated.
- R ew3 and R ew4 each independently represent an arbitrary structure.
- R ew3 and R ew4 may have any structure, and the partial structure represented by the formula (EW) has electron-withdrawing properties, and is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- Y ew1 is a group having a valence of 2 or more, the remaining bond forms a bond with any atom or substituent.
- Y ew1 is preferably a halogen atom, or a halo(cyclo)alkyl or haloaryl group represented by —C(R f1 )(R f2 )—R f3 .
- R ew1 and R ew2 each independently represent an arbitrary substituent such as a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group. At least two of R ew1 , R ew2 and Y ew1 may be linked together to form a ring.
- R f1 represents a halogen atom, a perhaloalkyl group, a perhalocycloalkyl group or a perhaloaryl group, more preferably a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluorocycloalkyl group, still more preferably a fluorine atom or a tri represents a fluoromethyl group.
- R f2 and R f3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an organic group, and R f2 and R f3 may combine to form a ring.
- Examples of the organic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, and the like, which may be substituted with a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom), and more preferably R f2 and R f3 are (halo) is an alkyl group.
- R f2 more preferably represents the same group as R f1 or is linked to R f3 to form a ring.
- R f1 and R f3 may be linked to form a ring, and the ring to be formed includes a (halo)cycloalkyl ring, a (halo)aryl ring and the like.
- the (halo)alkyl group for R f1 to R f3 includes, for example, the alkyl group for Z ka1 described above and a halogenated structure thereof.
- the cycloalkyl group in Z ka1 described above is halogen structure, more preferably a fluorocycloalkyl group represented by -C (n) F (2n-2) H, and a perfluoroaryl group represented by -C (n) F (n-1) mentioned.
- the number of carbon atoms n is not particularly limited, it is preferably 5 to 13, more preferably 6.
- the ring which may be formed by combining at least two of R ew1 , R ew2 and Y ew1 is preferably a cycloalkyl group or a heterocyclic group, and the heterocyclic group is preferably a lactone ring group.
- the lactone ring include structures represented by the above formulas (KA-1-1) to (KA-1-17).
- Part or all of the partial structure of general formula (KA-1) may also serve as an electron-withdrawing group as Y 1 or Y 2 in general formula (KB-1).
- X in general formula (KA-1) is a carboxylic acid ester group
- the carboxylic acid ester group functions as an electron-withdrawing group as Y 1 or Y 2 in general formula (KB-1). It is possible.
- the group containing a polarity conversion group is not particularly limited, but an organic group containing a polarity conversion group can be mentioned.
- organic groups containing polar conversion groups include alkyl groups; alkenyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; halogen atoms; A combination of two or more types, and a group having a polar conversion group can be mentioned.
- Examples of the group containing a polarity conversion group include an alkyl group containing a polarity conversion group and an aryl group containing a polarity conversion group.
- Examples of the alkyl group in the alkyl group containing the polarity conversion group include those similar to the alkyl groups for R 2 to R 4 .
- Examples of the aryl group in the aryl group containing a polarity conversion group include the same aryl groups as R 1 and R 5 .
- R 1 , R 3 and R 5 are preferably groups represented by the following general formula (Ar).
- R 6 to R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. At least one of R 6 to R 10 is a group containing a polar group, a group containing a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase the polarity, or is decomposed by the action of an alkaline developer and has solubility in an alkaline developer. is a group containing increasing groups. * represents a bond to the benzene ring in general formula (1).
- R 6 to R 10 are the same as those for R 2 to R 4 described above.
- At least one of R 6 to R 10 is a group containing a polar group, a group containing a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to increase the polarity, or is decomposed by the action of an alkaline developer and has solubility in an alkaline developer. is a group containing increasing groups.
- the group containing a polar group is the same as the group containing a polar group as at least one of R 1 to R 5 .
- the group containing a group which is decomposable by the action of an acid to increase its polarity is the same as the group containing a group which is decomposable by the action of an acid to increase its polarity as at least one of R 1 to R 5 .
- a group containing a group that decomposes under the action of an alkaline developer and increases its solubility in an alkaline developer, as at least one of R 1 to R 5 decomposes under the action of an alkaline developer and dissolves in the alkaline developer. The same is true for groups containing groups that increase the solubility in.
- R 1 , R 3 and R 5 are preferably groups represented by the following general formula (Ar1).
- R 11 to R 15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R 11 to R 15 represents a substituent Y below.
- * represents a bond to the benzene ring in general formula (1).
- Substituent Y hydroxy group, carboxyl group, group having a carbonyl bond, acyloxy group, alkoxycarbonyloxy group, aryloxycarbonyloxy group, aryloxycarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, or imido group
- R 11 to R 15 are the same as those for R 2 to R 4 described above. At least one of R 11 to R 15 represents the substituent Y described above.
- the group having a carbonyl bond as the substituent Y are the same as the specific examples of the group having a carbonyl bond as the group having the polar group described above.
- the acyl group in the acyloxy group as the substituent Y preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group in the alkoxycarbonyloxy group as the substituent Y preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group in the aryloxycarbonyloxy group as the substituent Y preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group in the aryloxycarbonyl group as the substituent Y preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkoxy group in the alkoxycarbonyl group as the substituent Y is preferably 1-30, more preferably 1-8.
- the imide group as the substituent Y is a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from imide.
- a group having a carbonyl bond, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an imide group as the substituent Y may further have a substituent.
- the groups described above as specific examples of the substituents that R 1 and R 5 described above may further have can be mentioned.
- n in the anion part of the general formula (1) represents the number of anions. n represents an integer of 1 or more. Although the upper limit of n is not particularly limited, it is 4, for example. It is preferred that n is 1.
- M n+ in the general formula (1) represents a cation.
- n in the cation part of the general formula (1) represents the valence of the cation.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the upper limit of n is not particularly limited, it is 4, for example. It is preferred that n is 1.
- the cation as M n+ is not particularly limited as long as it is a cation having a valence of 1 or more, but an onium cation is preferable, and a cation represented by the following general formula (ZIA) or general formula (ZIIA) is preferable.
- R 201 , R 202 and R 203 each independently represent an organic group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the organic groups as R 201 , R 202 and R 203 is generally 1-30, preferably 1-20.
- two of R 201 to R 203 may combine to form a ring structure, and the ring may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, or a carbonyl group.
- Groups formed by combining two of R 201 to R 203 include alkylene groups (eg, butylene group and pentylene group) and —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —.
- Preferred embodiments of the cation as the general formula (ZIA) include cations (ZI-11), cations (ZI-12), and cations represented by the general formula (ZI-13) (cations (ZI-13) ) and a cation represented by the general formula (ZI-14) (cation (ZI-14)).
- the divalent or higher cation when n is 2 or more may be a cation having a plurality of structures represented by general formula (ZIA).
- Such cations include, for example, at least one of R 201 to R 203 of the cation represented by general formula (ZIA) and R 201 to R 203 of another cation represented by general formula (ZIA).
- Examples include divalent cations having a structure in which at least one is bonded via a single bond or a linking group.
- the cation (ZI-11) is a cation in which at least one of R 201 to R 203 in the general formula (ZIA) is an aryl group, that is, an arylsulfonium cation.
- R 201 to R 203 may be aryl groups, or part of R 201 to R 203 may be aryl groups and the rest may be alkyl groups or cycloalkyl groups.
- Arylsulfonium cations include, for example, triarylsulfonium cations, diarylalkylsulfonium cations, aryldialkylsulfonium cations, diarylcycloalkylsulfonium cations, and aryldicycloalkylsulfonium cations.
- the aryl group contained in the arylsulfonium cation is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or the like. Heterocyclic structures include pyrrole residues, furan residues, thiophene residues, indole residues, benzofuran residues, benzothiophene residues, and the like.
- the arylsulfonium cation has two or more aryl groups, the two or more aryl groups may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group optionally possessed by the arylsulfonium cation is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or 3 to 15 carbon atoms. is preferred, and examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclohexyl groups.
- the aryl group, alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 201 to R 203 are each independently an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (eg, 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an aryl group (eg, carbon 6 to 14), an alkoxy group (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lactone ring group or a phenylthio group as a substituent.
- Examples of the lactone ring group include groups obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from the structures represented by any one of (KA-1-1) to (KA-1-17) described above.
- Cation (ZI-12) is a compound in which R 201 to R 203 in formula (ZIA) each independently represents an organic group having no aromatic ring.
- the aromatic ring also includes an aromatic ring containing a heteroatom.
- the organic group having no aromatic ring as R 201 to R 203 generally has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 201 to R 203 are each independently preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an allyl group or a vinyl group, and more preferably a linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl group, 2-oxocyclo It is an alkyl group or an alkoxycarbonylmethyl group, more preferably a linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl group.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group represented by R 201 to R 203 are preferably linear alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or branched alkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, and pentyl group), and cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and norbornyl group).
- R 201 to R 203 may be further substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group (eg, 1-5 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group.
- M represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and when it has a ring structure, the ring structure is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, and a carbon - may contain at least one carbon double bond.
- R1c and R2c each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an aryl group.
- R 1c and R 2c may combine to form a ring.
- R x and R y each independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an alkenyl group.
- R x and R y may combine to form a ring.
- at least two selected from M, R 1c and R 2c may combine to form a ring structure, and the ring structure may contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group represented by M include linear alkyl groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms), 3 to 15 carbon atoms (Branched alkyl groups preferably having 3 to 10 carbon atoms) or cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms) are preferred, and specifically, methyl, ethyl and propyl groups. , n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group and the like.
- the aryl group represented by M is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or the like.
- Heterocyclic structures include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, and the like.
- M above may further have a substituent.
- M may be a benzyl group.
- the ring structure may contain at least one of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, and a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Examples of the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and aryl group represented by R 1c and R 2c include the same groups as those for M described above, and preferred embodiments thereof are also the same. Also, R 1c and R 2c may combine to form a ring.
- Halogen atoms represented by R 1c and R 2c include, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group represented by R x and R y include the same groups as those for M described above, and preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.
- the alkenyl group represented by R x and R y is preferably an allyl group or a vinyl group.
- R x and R y may further have a substituent.
- Examples of this embodiment include a 2-oxoalkyl group or an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group as R x and R y .
- Examples of the 2-oxoalkyl group represented by R x and R y include those having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms), specifically 2-oxopropyl group, and 2-oxobutyl group.
- Alkoxycarbonylalkyl groups represented by R x and R y include, for example, those having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms). Also, R x and R y may combine to form a ring. The ring structure formed by combining R x and R y may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, or a carbon-carbon double bond.
- M and R 1c may combine to form a ring structure, and the formed ring structure may contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the cation (ZI-13) is preferably the cation (ZI-13A).
- Cation (ZI-13A) is a phenacylsulfonium cation represented by the following general formula (ZI-13A).
- R 1c to R 5c each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, a cycloalkylcarbonyloxy group, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group , represents a nitro group, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group.
- R 6c and R 7c have the same definitions as R 1c and R 2c in general formula (ZI-13) described above, and preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.
- R x and R y have the same meanings as R x and R y in general formula (ZI-13) described above, and preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.
- R 1c to R 5c and R x and R y may each be combined to form a ring structure, which ring structure is each independently an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, It may contain an amide bond or a carbon-carbon double bond.
- R 5c and R 6c , R 5c and R x may each combine to form a ring structure, and this ring structure may each independently contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
- R 6c and R 7c may be combined to form a ring structure.
- the ring structure include aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon rings, aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic rings, and polycyclic condensed rings in which two or more of these rings are combined.
- the ring structure includes a 3- to 10-membered ring, preferably a 4- to 8-membered ring, and more preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring.
- Groups formed by bonding two or more of R 1c to R 5c , R 6c and R 7c , and R x and R y include a butylene group and a pentylene group.
- the group formed by combining R 5c and R 6c and R 5c and R x is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group.
- the alkylene group includes a methylene group, an ethylene group, and the like.
- the cation (ZI-14) is represented by the following general formula (ZI-14).
- R 14 When multiple R 14 are present, they are each independently an alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylsulfonyl group, cycloalkylsulfonyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl represents an alkoxy group having a skeleton. These groups may have a substituent.
- Each R 15 independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a naphthyl group. These groups may have a substituent.
- Two R 15 may be joined together to form a ring. When two R 15 are combined to form a ring, the ring skeleton may contain a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
- two R 15 are alkylene groups, preferably joined together to form a ring structure.
- the alkyl groups of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1-10.
- As the alkyl group a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-butyl group, a t-butyl group, or the like is more preferable.
- R 204 and R 205 each independently represent an aryl group, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- the aryl group for R 204 and R 205 is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group for R 204 and R 205 may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure containing an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or the like.
- Skeletons of aryl groups having a heterocyclic structure include, for example, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group for R 204 and R 205 include a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group and pentyl group), or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and norbornyl group) are preferred.
- the aryl group, alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 204 and R 205 may each independently have a substituent.
- substituents that the aryl group, alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 204 to R 207 may have include an alkyl group (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (eg, 3 to 3 carbon atoms). 15), aryl groups (eg, 6 to 15 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (eg, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, lactone ring groups, phenylthio groups, and the like.
- Examples of the lactone ring group include groups obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from the structures represented by any one of (KA-1-1) to (KA-1-17) described above.
- M n+ (cation) in general formula (1) Preferred examples of M n+ (cation) in general formula (1) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Me represents a methyl group and Bu represents an n-butyl group.
- the pKa of the acid generated by the compound (B) is preferably -10 or more and 5 or less.
- Compound (B) can be synthesized, for example, by a method using a coupling reaction.
- the counter cation can be converted into the desired cation M 2 + by, for example, a known anion exchange method described in JP-A-6-184170 or a conversion method using an ion exchange resin.
- Examples of coupling reactions include the following.
- X represents a halogen atom and A represents an alkyl group.
- R represents a substituent.
- Y represents a group that forms compound XY through a coupling reaction.
- Compound (B) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the compound (B) (the total when multiple types are present) is preferably 0.1 to 35% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition, and 0.5 to 25% by mass is more preferable, 1 to 20% by mass is even more preferable, and 5 to 20% by mass is particularly preferable.
- composition of the present invention may contain a compound other than the compound (B) that generates an acid upon exposure to actinic rays or radiation within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains an acid diffusion control agent.
- the acid diffusion control agent traps the acid generated from the photoacid generator or the like during exposure, and acts as a quencher that suppresses the reaction of the acid-decomposable resin in the unexposed area due to excess generated acid.
- acid diffusion control agents include basic compounds (DA), basic compounds (DB) whose basicity is reduced or lost by exposure to actinic rays or radiation, and onium, which is a relatively weak acid with respect to acid generators.
- a salt (DC), a low-molecular-weight compound (DD) that has a nitrogen atom and a group that is released by the action of an acid, or an onium salt compound (DE) that has a nitrogen atom in the cation portion is used as an acid diffusion control agent.
- DC low-molecular-weight compound
- DE onium salt compound
- Known acid diffusion control agents can be used as appropriate in the composition of the present invention.
- paragraphs [0627] to [0664] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1 paragraphs [0095] to [0187] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0004544A1, US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0237190A1.
- Known compounds disclosed in paragraphs [0403] to [0423] of the specification and paragraphs [0259] to [0328] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0274458A1 can be suitably used as acid diffusion control agents. .
- R 200 , R 201 and R 202 may be the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or an aryl represents a group (6 to 20 carbon atoms).
- R 201 and R 202 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 203 , R 204 , R 205 and R 206 may be the same or different and each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl groups in general formulas (A) and (E) may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- the substituted alkyl group is preferably an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyanoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl groups in general formulas (A) and (E) are more preferably unsubstituted.
- the basic compound (DA) is preferably thiazole, benzothiazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, guanidine, aminopyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, piperazine, aminomorpholine, aminoalkylmorpholine, piperidine, or compounds having these structures.
- a basic compound (DB) whose basicity is reduced or lost by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation (hereinafter also referred to as "compound (DB)”) has a proton acceptor functional group, and actinic rays or It is a compound whose proton acceptor property is reduced or lost, or whose proton acceptor property is changed to acidic by being decomposed by irradiation with radiation.
- the proton-accepting functional group is a functional group having electrons or a group capable of electrostatically interacting with protons, for example, a functional group having a macrocyclic structure such as cyclic polyether, or a ⁇ -conjugated means a functional group having a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons that does not contribute to A nitrogen atom having a lone pair of electrons that does not contribute to ⁇ -conjugation is, for example, a nitrogen atom having a partial structure represented by the following formula.
- Preferable partial structures of proton acceptor functional groups include, for example, a crown ether structure, an azacrown ether structure, a primary to tertiary amine structure, a pyridine structure, an imidazole structure, and a pyrazine structure.
- the compound (DB) is decomposed by exposure to actinic rays or radiation to reduce or eliminate its proton acceptor property, or to generate a compound whose proton acceptor property is changed to an acidic one.
- the reduction or disappearance of proton acceptor property, or the change from proton acceptor property to acidity is a change in proton acceptor property due to the addition of protons to the proton acceptor functional group.
- the acid dissociation constant pKa of the compound generated by decomposition of the compound (DB) by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation preferably satisfies pKa ⁇ 1, more preferably satisfies ⁇ 13 ⁇ pKa ⁇ 1, and ⁇ More preferably, 13 ⁇ pKa ⁇ -3 is satisfied.
- An onium salt (DC), which is a relatively weak acid relative to the photoacid generator, can be used as an acid diffusion control agent in the compositions of the present invention.
- DC an onium salt
- an onium salt that generates an acid that is relatively weak to the acid generated from the photo-acid generator are mixed and used, the photo-acid generator is exposed to actinic rays or radiation.
- salt exchange releases the weak acid to yield an onium salt with a strong acid anion.
- the strong acid is exchanged for a weak acid with a lower catalytic activity, so that the acid is apparently deactivated and acid diffusion can be controlled.
- Compounds represented by the following general formulas (d1-1) to (d1-3) are preferable as the onium salt that is relatively weakly acidic with respect to the photoacid generator.
- R 51 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group
- Z 2c is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (provided that the carbon adjacent to S is not substituted with a fluorine atom)
- R 52 is an organic group
- Y 3 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group or arylene group
- Rf is a fluorine atom and each M + is independently an ammonium cation, a sulfonium cation, or an iodonium cation.
- Preferred examples of the sulfonium cation or iodonium cation represented by M + include the sulfonium cations exemplified by general formula (ZI) and the iodonium cations exemplified by general formula (ZII).
- DC onium salt
- C-1 a compound represented by any one of the following general formulas (C-1) to (C-3) are preferable.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a substituent having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group or a single bond that links the cation site and the anion site.
- —X — represents an anionic moiety selected from —COO ⁇ , —SO 3 ⁇ , —SO 2 ⁇ , and —N ⁇ —R 4 .
- R 1 to R 3 together represent one divalent substituent, which may be bonded to the N atom via a double bond.
- substituents having 1 or more carbon atoms for R 1 to R 3 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, a cycloalkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkylaminocarbonyl group, and a cycloalkylamino
- An alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group is preferred.
- L 1 as a divalent linking group is a linear or branched alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an arylene group, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond, and two of these A group formed by combining more than one species and the like can be mentioned.
- L 1 is preferably an alkylene group, an arylene group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or a group formed by combining two or more of these.
- a low-molecular-weight compound (DD) having a nitrogen atom and a group that leaves under the action of an acid has a group that leaves under the action of an acid on the nitrogen atom. It is preferably an amine derivative having The group that leaves by the action of an acid is preferably an acetal group, a carbonate group, a carbamate group, a tertiary ester group, a tertiary hydroxyl group, or a hemiaminal ether group, more preferably a carbamate group or a hemiaminal ether group.
- the molecular weight of the compound (DD) is preferably 100-1000, more preferably 100-700, even more preferably 100-500.
- Compound (DD) may have a carbamate group with a protecting group on the nitrogen atom.
- a protecting group constituting a carbamate group is represented by the following general formula (d-1).
- Rb each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 30 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 3 to 30 carbon atoms), an aralkyl group ( preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms) or an alkoxyalkyl group (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- Rb's may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group represented by Rb are each independently a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a pyrrolidino group, a piperidino group, a morpholino group, a functional group such as an oxo group, an alkoxy group, or It may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- Rb The same applies to the alkoxyalkyl group represented by Rb.
- Rb is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group, cycloalkyl group or aryl group, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group.
- Examples of the ring formed by connecting two Rb's to each other include alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic hydrocarbons and derivatives thereof.
- Specific structures of the group represented by formula (d-1) include, but are not limited to, structures disclosed in paragraph [0466] of US Patent Publication No. US2012/0135348A1.
- the compound (DD) preferably has a structure represented by the following general formula (6).
- l represents an integer of 0 to 2
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group.
- the two Ra's may be the same or different, and the two Ra's may be linked together to form a heterocyclic ring together with the nitrogen atom in the formula.
- This heterocyclic ring may contain a heteroatom other than the nitrogen atom in the formula.
- Rb has the same definition as Rb in formula (d-1) above, and preferred examples are also the same.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group as Ra are each independently substituted with an alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group as Rb. It may be substituted with the same groups as the groups described above as good groups.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group (these groups may be substituted with the above groups) for Ra include the same groups as the specific examples described above for Rb. be done.
- Specific examples of particularly preferred compounds (DD) in the present invention include, but are not limited to, compounds disclosed in paragraph [0475] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0135348A1.
- the onium salt compound (DE) having a nitrogen atom in the cation moiety is preferably a compound having a basic site containing a nitrogen atom in the cation moiety.
- the basic moiety is preferably an amino group, more preferably an aliphatic amino group. More preferably all of the atoms adjacent to the nitrogen atom in the basic moiety are hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms.
- an electron-withdrawing functional group a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, etc.
- Preferred specific examples of the compound (DE) include, but are not limited to, compounds disclosed in paragraph [0203] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0309408A1.
- one type of acid diffusion control agent may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the acid diffusion control agent in the composition of the present invention (the total when multiple types are present) is preferably 0.001 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition. 10% by mass is more preferred.
- the composition of the invention preferably contains a solvent.
- a known resist solvent can be appropriately used in the composition of the present invention.
- paragraphs [0665]-[0670] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1 paragraphs [0210]-[0235] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0004544A1
- US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0237190A1 Known solvents disclosed in paragraphs [0424] to [0426] of the specification and paragraphs [0357] to [0366] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0274458A1 can be suitably used.
- Solvents that can be used in preparing the composition include, for example, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylates, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, alkyl lactate esters, alkyl alkoxypropionates, cyclic lactones (preferably having 4 to 10 carbon atoms), Organic solvents such as monoketone compounds which may have a ring (preferably having 4 to 10 carbon atoms), alkylene carbonates, alkyl alkoxyacetates, and alkyl pyruvates can be mentioned.
- a mixed solvent in which a solvent having a hydroxyl group in its structure and a solvent having no hydroxyl group are mixed may be used.
- the solvent having a hydroxyl group and the solvent not having a hydroxyl group the aforementioned exemplary compounds can be appropriately selected.
- the solvent containing a hydroxyl group alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, alkyl lactate, etc. are preferable, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether ( PGME: 1-methoxy-2-propanol), propylene glycol monoethyl ether (PGEE), methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, or ethyl lactate are more preferred.
- alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetate alkylalkoxypropionate, monoketone compound which may have a ring, cyclic lactone, or alkyl acetate are preferable.
- Glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA: 1-methoxy-2-acetoxypropane), ethyl ethoxypropionate, 2-heptanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone or butyl acetate are more preferable, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethylethoxypropionate, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone or 2-heptanone are more preferred. Propylene carbonate is also preferred as the solvent having no hydroxyl group.
- the mixing ratio (mass ratio) of the solvent having a hydroxyl group and the solvent having no hydroxyl group is 1/99 to 99/1, preferably 10/90 to 90/10, more preferably 20/80 to 60/40. preferable.
- a mixed solvent containing 50% by mass or more of a solvent having no hydroxyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of coating uniformity.
- the solvent preferably contains propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and may be a single solvent of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate or a mixed solvent of two or more kinds containing propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
- the composition of the invention may contain a surfactant.
- a surfactant By containing a surfactant, when an exposure light source with a wavelength of 250 nm or less, particularly 220 nm or less is used, it is possible to form a pattern with good adhesion and less development defects with good sensitivity and resolution. Become.
- the surfactant it is particularly preferable to use a fluorine-based and/or silicon-based surfactant.
- fluorine-based and/or silicon-based surfactants include surfactants described in [0276] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425.
- F-top EF301 or EF303 (manufactured by Shin-Akita Kasei Co., Ltd.); Florard FC430, 431 or 4430 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.); Megafac F171, F173, F176, F189, F113, F110, F177, F120 or R08 (manufactured by DIC Corporation); Surflon S-382, SC101, 102, 103, 104, 105 or 106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.); Troisol S-366 (manufactured by Troy Chemical Co., Ltd.); GF-300 or GF-150 (manufactured by Toagosei Chemical Co., Ltd.), Surflon S-393 (manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.); PF636, PF656, PF6320 or PF6520 (manufactured by OMNOVA); or FTX-204G,
- fluoroaliphatic compounds produced by the telomerization method also called the telomer method
- the oligomerization method also called the oligomer method
- a polymer having a fluoroaliphatic group derived from this fluoroaliphatic compound may be used as a surfactant.
- This fluoroaliphatic compound can be synthesized, for example, by the method described in JP-A-2002-90991.
- Surfactants other than fluorine-based and/or silicone-based surfactants described in [0280] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425 may also be used.
- surfactants may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- composition of the present invention contains a surfactant
- its content is preferably 0.00001 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.0001 to 2% by mass, based on the total solid content of the resist composition. %, more preferably 0.0005 to 1 mass %.
- the composition of the present invention contains a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid onium salt, a dissolution inhibiting compound having a molecular weight of 3000 or less described in Proceeding of SPIE, 2724, 355 (1996), a dye, and a plasticizer. , a photosensitizer, a light absorber, an antioxidant, and the like can be appropriately contained.
- Carboxylic acid in particular, can be suitably used to improve performance.
- Preferred carboxylic acids are aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and naphthoic acid.
- the content of the carboxylic acid is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition. It is preferably 0.01 to 3% by mass.
- the composition of the present invention is preferably used at a film thickness of 10 to 250 nm, more preferably at a film thickness of 20 to 200 nm, and even more preferably at a film thickness of 30 to 100 nm. preferably used.
- a film thickness can be obtained by setting the solid content concentration in the composition to an appropriate range to give an appropriate viscosity, thereby improving the coatability and the film formability.
- the solid content concentration of the composition of the present invention is generally 1.0 to 10% by mass, preferably 2.0 to 5.7% by mass, more preferably 2.0 to 5.3% by mass. By setting the solid content concentration within the above range, the resist solution can be uniformly coated on the substrate, and furthermore, it becomes possible to form a resist pattern excellent in line width roughness.
- the solid content concentration is the mass percentage of the mass of other components excluding the solvent relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the composition of the present invention is an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition that reacts with irradiation of actinic rays or radiation to change its properties. More specifically, the composition of the present invention can be used in semiconductor manufacturing processes such as IC (Integrated Circuit), circuit board manufacturing such as liquid crystals or thermal heads, manufacturing of imprint mold structures, other photofabrication processes, or The present invention relates to an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition used for producing a lithographic printing plate or an acid-curable composition.
- the pattern formed in the present invention can be used in an etching process, an ion implantation process, a bump electrode forming process, a rewiring forming process, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), and the like.
- the present invention also relates to an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive film (preferably a resist film) formed from the actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive composition of the present invention.
- a film is formed, for example, by applying the composition of the present invention onto a support such as a substrate.
- the thickness of this film is preferably 0.02 to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- a suitable coating method such as spin coating, roll coating, flow coating, dip coating, spray coating, doctor coating, etc. is used, and spin coating is preferred, and the number of revolutions is 1000 to 3000 rpm (rotations per minute) is preferred.
- the coated film is prebaked at 60 to 150° C.
- the material constituting the substrate to be processed and its outermost layer can be, for example, a silicon wafer in the case of a semiconductor wafer.
- WSi silicon wafer in the case of a semiconductor wafer.
- BPSG Bipolar Phosphorus Silicon Glass
- SOG Spin on Glass
- organic antireflection film and the like.
- the substrate Before forming the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film, the substrate may be previously coated with an antireflection film.
- an antireflection film both an inorganic film type such as titanium, titanium dioxide, titanium nitride, chromium oxide, carbon and amorphous silicon, and an organic film type consisting of a light absorbing agent and a polymer material can be used.
- an organic antireflection film commercially available organic antireflection films such as DUV30 series and DUV-40 series manufactured by Brewer Science, AR-2, AR-3 and AR-5 manufactured by Shipley can be used. can.
- the present invention provides an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film forming step of forming an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film from the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention
- the present invention also relates to a pattern forming method including an exposure step of exposing a radiation-sensitive film and a developing step of developing the exposed actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using a developer.
- the exposure is preferably performed using an electron beam, an ArF excimer laser, or extreme ultraviolet rays, more preferably an electron beam or extreme ultraviolet rays, and more preferably an electron beam. More preferred. That is, it is preferable to use an electron beam as an exposure light source in the exposure step.
- the resist film is patterned with ArF excimer laser, electron beam or extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation. It is preferable to The exposure amount is about 1 to 100 mJ/cm 2 , preferably about 20 to 60 mJ/cm 2 in the case of ArF excimer laser, and about 0.1 to 20 ⁇ C/cm 2 , preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ C/cm in the case of electron beam. 2 , and in the case of extreme ultraviolet rays, about 0.1 to 20 mJ/cm 2 , preferably about 3 to 15 mJ/cm 2 .
- post-exposure heating on a hot plate preferably at 60 to 150°C for 5 seconds to 20 minutes, more preferably at 80 to 120°C for 15 seconds to 10 minutes, still more preferably at 80 to 120°C for 1 to 10 minutes.
- Post-exposure baking is performed, followed by development, rinsing, and drying to form a pattern.
- post-exposure heating is appropriately adjusted depending on the acid decomposability of the repeating unit having an acid decomposable group in the resin (A).
- the post-exposure heating temperature is 110° C. or higher and the heating time is 45 seconds or longer.
- an alkaline developer typically an alkaline aqueous solution
- a developer containing an organic solvent also referred to as an organic developer
- the developer is an alkaline aqueous solution
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- TBAH tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
- Development is carried out for 0.1 to 3 minutes, preferably 0.5 to 2 minutes, by a conventional method such as dip method, puddle method or spray method. Suitable amounts of alcohols and/or surfactants may be added to the alkaline developer.
- the unexposed portion of the film dissolves and the exposed portion is difficult to dissolve in the developer, and in the formation of a positive pattern, the exposed portion of the film is dissolved, and the unexposed portion of the film is difficult to dissolve in the developer, so that the desired pattern is formed on the substrate.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention includes a step of developing using an alkaline developer
- examples of the alkaline developer include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, and aqueous ammonia.
- Inorganic alkalis such as ethylamine, primary amines such as n-propylamine, secondary amines such as diethylamine and di-n-butylamine, tertiary amines such as triethylamine and methyldiethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanol alcohol amines such as amines, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrapentylammonium hydroxide, tetrahexylammonium hydroxide, tetraoctylammonium hydroxide, ethyl Tetraalkylammonium hydroxide such as trimethylammonium hydroxide, butyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, methyltriamylammonium hydroxide, dibutyldipentylammoni
- alkaline aqueous solution may be added to appropriate amounts of alcohols and surfactants.
- the alkali concentration of the alkali developer is usually 0.1 to 20 mass %.
- the pH of the alkaline developer is usually 10.0-15.0.
- a 2.38% by weight aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide is preferred.
- Pure water may be used as the rinse solution in the rinse treatment performed after alkali development, and an appropriate amount of surfactant may be added. Further, after the development processing or the rinsing processing, a processing for removing the developer or the rinsing liquid adhering to the pattern with a supercritical fluid can be performed.
- the developer in the above step may be a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, or an ester solvent.
- Polar solvents such as solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents, ether solvents, and hydrocarbon solvents can be used.
- an ester solvent is a solvent having an ester group in the molecule
- a ketone solvent is a solvent having a ketone group in the molecule
- an alcohol solvent is an alcoholic solvent in the molecule. It means a solvent having a hydroxyl group
- an amide solvent means a solvent having an amide group in its molecule
- an ether solvent means a solvent having an ether bond in its molecule.
- the developer has 7 or more carbon atoms (preferably 7 to 14, more preferably 7 to 12, even more preferably 7 to 10) and 2 or less heteroatoms in order to suppress the swelling of the resist film. It is preferable to use an ester solvent of The heteroatom of the ester solvent is an atom other than a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, and examples thereof include an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and the like. The number of heteroatoms is preferably 2 or less.
- ester solvents having 7 or more carbon atoms and 2 or less heteroatoms include amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 1-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, pentyl propionate, hexyl propionate, Examples include heptyl propionate, butyl butanoate, and isobutyl isobutanoate, and it is particularly preferred to use isoamyl acetate or isobutyl isobutanoate.
- the developer is a mixed solvent of the ester solvent and the hydrocarbon solvent, or the ketone solvent and the carbonized solvent, instead of the ester solvent having 7 or more carbon atoms and 2 or less heteroatoms.
- a mixed solvent of hydrogen solvent may be used. Even in this case, it is effective in suppressing the swelling of the resist film.
- isoamyl acetate is preferably used as the ester solvent.
- the hydrocarbon solvent it is preferable to use a saturated hydrocarbon solvent (eg, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, undecane, hexadecane, etc.) from the viewpoint of adjusting the solubility of the resist film.
- Ketone solvents include, for example, 1-octanone, 2-octanone, 1-nonanone, 2-nonanone, acetone, 2-heptanone (methyl amyl ketone), 4-heptanone, 1-hexanone, 2-hexanone, diisobutyl ketone, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hexanone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, phenylacetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetylacetone, acetonyl acetone, ionone, diacetonyl alcohol, acetylcarbinol, acetophenone, methylnaphthyl ketone, Isophorone, propylene carbonate and the like can be mentioned, and it is particularly preferable to use diisobutyl ketone and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hex
- ester solvents include methyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, pentyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol monoethyl.
- alcohol solvents include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, tert-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, n - Alcohols such as hexyl alcohol, n-heptyl alcohol, n-octyl alcohol, n-decanol, glycol solvents such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono Glycol ether solvents such as ethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and methoxymethylbutanol can be used.
- ether-based solvents include the above glycol ether-based solvents, as well as anisole, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and the like.
- amide solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like. Available.
- hydrocarbon solvents include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene, and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, octane, decane, and undecane.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon-based solvent which is a hydrocarbon-based solvent, may be a mixture of compounds having the same number of carbon atoms but different structures.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as 2-methylnonane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, 4-ethyloctane, and isooctane, which are compounds with the same number of carbon atoms but different structures, may be included in Further, the compounds having the same number of carbon atoms but different structures may be contained alone, or may be contained in a plurality of types as described above. A plurality of the above solvents may be mixed, or a solvent other than the above or water may be mixed and used.
- the water content of the developer as a whole is preferably less than 10% by mass, and more preferably substantially free of water.
- concentration of the organic solvent (in the case of multiple mixtures, the total) in the organic developer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 50 to 100% by mass, still more preferably 85 to 100% by mass, still more preferably 90 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably 95 to 100% by weight.
- it consists essentially of an organic solvent.
- the case where it consists substantially only of the organic solvent includes the case where a small amount of surfactant, antioxidant, stabilizer, antifoaming agent, etc. are contained.
- the organic developer is preferably a developer containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents and ether solvents. .
- the vapor pressure of the organic developer at 20° C. is preferably 5 kPa or less, more preferably 3 kPa or less, and particularly preferably 2 kPa or less.
- vapor pressure of 5 kPa or less examples having a vapor pressure of 5 kPa or less include 1-octanone, 2-octanone, 1-nonanone, 2-nonanone, 2-heptanone (methyl amyl ketone), 4-heptanone, 2-hexanone, diisobutyl ketone, Ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, phenylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl Ester-based solvents such as ether acetate, ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-
- ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran
- amide solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N,N-dimethylformamide
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene.
- octane, and decane octane, and decane.
- a vapor pressure of 2 kPa or less examples having a vapor pressure of 2 kPa or less, which is a particularly preferred range, include 1-octanone, 2-octanone, 1-nonanone, 2-nonanone, 2-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 2-hexanone, diisobutyl ketone, Ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, phenylacetone, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethyl-3-ethoxypropio acid, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, propyl lactate ester solvent
- the organic developer may contain a basic compound.
- Specific examples and preferred examples of the basic compound that can be contained in the developer used in the present invention are the same as those in the above-mentioned basic compound that can be contained in the actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive composition.
- surfactant can be added to the organic developer as needed.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, for example, ionic or nonionic fluorine-based and/or silicon-based surfactants can be used.
- fluorine and/or silicon surfactants include JP-A-62-36663, JP-A-61-226746, JP-A-61-226745, JP-A-62-170950, JP-A-63-34540, JP-A-7-230165, JP-A-8-62834, JP-A-9-54432, JP-A-9-5988, US Pat. No.
- non-ionic surfactants preferably non-ionic surfactants.
- the nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited, it is more preferable to use a fluorine-based surfactant or a silicon-based surfactant.
- the amount of surfactant used is preferably 0.0001 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.0001 to 1% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.0001 to 0.1% by mass, relative to the total amount of the developer. .
- Examples of the development method include a method of immersing the substrate in a bath filled with a developer for a certain period of time (dip method), and a method of developing by standing still for a certain period of time while the developer is heaped up on the surface of the substrate by surface tension (puddle method).
- dip method a method of immersing the substrate in a bath filled with a developer for a certain period of time
- puddle method a method of developing by standing still for a certain period of time while the developer is heaped up on the surface of the substrate by surface tension
- method a method of spraying the developer onto the substrate surface
- spray method a method of continuously discharging the developer while scanning the developer discharge nozzle at a constant speed onto the substrate rotating at a constant speed
- the discharge pressure of the discharged developer (flow velocity per unit area of the discharged developer) is It is preferably 2 mL/sec/mm 2 or less, more preferably 1.5 mL/sec/mm 2 or less, and even more preferably 1 mL/sec/mm 2 or less. Although there is no particular lower limit for the flow rate, it is preferably 0.2 mL/sec/mm 2 or more in consideration of throughput.
- the developer discharge pressure (mL/sec/mm 2 ) is the value at the outlet of the developing nozzle in the developing device.
- Examples of methods for adjusting the discharge pressure of the developer include a method of adjusting the discharge pressure with a pump or the like, and a method of changing the pressure by adjusting the pressure supplied from a pressurized tank.
- a step of stopping development while replacing with another solvent may be performed.
- a step of washing with a rinse solution may be included after the step of developing with a developer containing an organic solvent. It is not necessary to include the step of washing with
- the rinse solution used in the rinse step after the step of developing with a developer containing an organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the resist pattern, and a common solution containing an organic solvent can be used.
- a rinse liquid containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon solvents, ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents and ether solvents is used. is preferred.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbon-based solvent, ketone-based solvent, ester-based solvent, alcohol-based solvent, amide-based solvent, and ether-based solvent are the same as those described for the developer containing an organic solvent. Particularly preferred are butyl acetate and methyl isobutyl carbinol.
- a rinse solution containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ester solvents, alcohol solvents, and hydrocarbon solvents is more preferably applied. It is preferable to carry out the step of washing with a rinsing solution containing an alcoholic solvent or a hydrocarbon solvent.
- the organic solvent contained in the rinse liquid it is preferable to use a hydrocarbon-based solvent among the organic solvents, and it is more preferable to use an aliphatic hydrocarbon-based solvent.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents having 5 or more carbon atoms for example, pentane, hexane, octane, decane, undecane, dodecane, hexadecane, etc.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents having 8 or more carbon atoms are preferable, and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents having 10 or more carbon atoms are more preferable.
- the upper limit of the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon-based solvent is not particularly limited, it may be, for example, 16 or less, preferably 14 or less, and more preferably 12 or less.
- decane, undecane and dodecane are particularly preferred, and undecane is most preferred.
- a plurality of the above components may be mixed, or may be used by mixing with an organic solvent other than the above.
- the water content in the rinse liquid is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3% by mass or less. Good developing properties can be obtained by setting the water content to 10% by mass or less.
- the vapor pressure of the rinsing solution used after the step of developing with the developer containing an organic solvent is preferably 0.05 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less, more preferably 0.1 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less, at 20°C. 12 kPa or more and 3 kPa or less are most preferable.
- An appropriate amount of surfactant can be added to the rinse solution.
- the wafer that has been developed using the developer containing the organic solvent is washed with the above-mentioned rinse containing the organic solvent.
- the method of cleaning treatment is not particularly limited, but for example, a method of continuously discharging the rinse solution onto the substrate rotating at a constant speed (rotation coating method), or a method of immersing the substrate in a tank filled with the rinse solution for a certain period of time.
- a method dip method
- a method of spraying a rinse solution onto the substrate surface etc.
- the developer and rinse liquid remaining between the patterns and inside the patterns are removed by baking.
- the heating step after the rinsing step is usually carried out at 40 to 160° C., preferably 70 to 95° C., for usually 10 seconds to 3 minutes, preferably 30 seconds to 90 seconds.
- JP-A-2015-216403 If there is no step of washing with a rinsing liquid, for example, the development processing methods described in paragraphs [0014] to [0086] of JP-A-2015-216403 can be employed.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may have a developing step using an organic developer and a developing step using an alkaline developer. A portion with a weak exposure intensity is removed by development using an organic developer, and a portion with a high exposure intensity is also removed by performing development with an alkaline developer.
- the actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive composition in the present invention, and various materials used in the pattern forming method of the present invention preferably does not contain impurities such as metals, metal salts containing halogens, acids, alkalis, components containing sulfur atoms or phosphorus atoms.
- impurities containing metal atoms include Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Al, Cr, Ni, Zn, Ag, Sn, Pb, Li, and salts thereof. can.
- the content of impurities contained in these materials is preferably 1 ppm or less, more preferably 1 ppb (parts per billion) or less, still more preferably 100 ppt (parts per trillion) or less, particularly preferably 10 ppt or less, and substantially free. (below the detection limit of the measuring device) is most preferable.
- a method for removing impurities such as metals from various materials for example, filtration using a filter can be mentioned.
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or less, and even more preferably 3 nm or less. Filters made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon are preferable as the material of the filter.
- the filter may be a composite material combining these materials and ion exchange media.
- a filter that has been pre-washed with an organic solvent may be used.
- multiple types of filters may be connected in series or in parallel for use. When multiple types of filters are used, filters with different pore sizes and/or materials may be used in combination. Further, various materials may be filtered multiple times, and the process of filtering multiple times may be a circulation filtration process.
- a method for reducing impurities such as metals contained in various materials there are methods such as selecting raw materials with a low metal content as raw materials constituting various materials, performing filter filtration on raw materials constituting various materials, and For example, distillation may be performed under conditions in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible by, for example, lining the inside with Teflon (registered trademark). Preferred conditions for filtering the raw materials constituting various materials are the same as those described above.
- an adsorbent may be used to remove impurities, or a combination of filter filtration and an adsorbent may be used.
- known adsorbents can be used.
- inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon can be used.
- organic solvent also referred to as "organic processing liquid”
- metal content as a raw material constituting various materials Selection of raw materials with low contamination, filter filtration of raw materials that make up various materials, lining the inside of the equipment with Teflon (registered trademark), etc. to perform distillation under conditions that suppress contamination as much as possible. method can be mentioned. Preferred conditions for filtering the raw materials constituting various materials are the same as those described above.
- impurities may be removed by an adsorbent, or a combination of filter filtration and adsorbent may be used.
- adsorbent known adsorbents can be used.
- inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon can be used.
- the organic treatment liquid of the present invention may be added with a conductive compound in order to prevent electrostatic charging and failure of chemical piping and various parts (filters, O-rings, tubes, etc.) due to subsequent electrostatic discharge.
- conductive compounds include, but are not limited to, methanol.
- the amount of addition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining preferable developing properties.
- SUS stainless steel
- antistatic treated polyethylene, polypropylene, or various pipes coated with fluororesin polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy resin, etc.
- filters and O-rings antistatic treated polyethylene, polypropylene, or fluororesin (polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy resin, etc.) can also be used.
- the developing solution and the rinsing solution are stored in a waste solution tank through pipes after use.
- a hydrocarbon solvent is used as the rinse liquid
- the resist dissolved in the developer will precipitate and adhere to the back of the wafer or the side of the pipe.
- There is a way to pass As for the method of passing through the piping, there is a method of washing the back and sides of the substrate with a solvent that dissolves the resist after washing with the rinse solution, and a method of passing the solvent that dissolves the resist through the piping without contacting the resist. There is a method of flushing.
- the solvent to be passed through the piping is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the resist, and examples thereof include the above-described organic solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl.
- organic solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl.
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an electronic device, including the pattern forming method described above.
- the electronic device manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electronic device of the present invention is suitably mounted in electrical and electronic equipment (for example, home appliances, OA (Office Automation) related equipment, media related equipment, optical equipment, communication equipment, etc.). be done.
- electrical and electronic equipment for example, home appliances, OA (Office Automation) related equipment, media related equipment, optical equipment, communication equipment, etc.
- a 0.1 mass-fold amount of cyclohexanone was heated to 85° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the monomer solution was added dropwise over 2 hours, followed by further reaction at 85° C. for 2 hours.
- Resins A-2 to A-46 were synthesized by the same method as above.
- Table 1 shows the type and content of each repeating unit (content ratio (mol %)), weight average molecular weight (Mw), and degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn).
- repeating units (a-1) to (a-35) corresponding to the repeating unit (a) shown in repeating unit 2 are raw material monomers (a-1) to (a-35) shown below, respectively.
- is a repeating unit derived from The weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn) of Resins A-1 to A-46 were measured by GPC (carrier: tetrahydrofuran (THF)) (in terms of polystyrene). Also, the ratio of each repeating unit was measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance).
- each repeating unit shown in Table 1 The structural formula of each repeating unit shown in Table 1 is shown below.
- the repeating unit corresponding to the repeating unit (a) shown in repeating unit 2 is shown as the structural formula of the corresponding raw material monomer.
- compounds (B-1) to (B-4), (B-6), (B-7), (B-9) to (B-22), ( B-24) ⁇ (B-28), (B-30), (B-32), (B-34) ⁇ (B-37), (B-39), (B-41) ⁇ (B- 45), (B-47) to (B-50), (B-51), (B-53), (B-62), (B-65), (B-66), (B-69) , (B-72), and (B-78) were used.
- Me represents a methyl group and Bu represents an n-butyl group.
- Me represents a methyl group and Bu represents an n-butyl group.
- W-1 to W-4 below were used as surfactants.
- W-1 Megafac R08 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.; fluorine and silicon type)
- W-2 Polysiloxane polymer KP-341 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.; silicon-based)
- W-3 Troisol S-366 (manufactured by Troy Chemical Co., Ltd.; fluorine-based)
- EB exposure and development (4) Preparation of resist pattern
- the resist film obtained in (3) above was subjected to pattern irradiation using an electron beam lithography system (F7000S manufactured by Advantest Co., Ltd., acceleration voltage 50 KeV). After irradiation, it was heated on a hot plate at 100° C. for 600 seconds, immersed in a 2.38% by mass tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous solution for 60 seconds, rinsed with water for 30 seconds, and dried.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- the sensitivity was defined as the irradiation energy for resolving a 1:1 line and space pattern with a line width of 50 nm.
- Roughness performance was evaluated by line width roughness (LWR) as follows.
- ⁇ Pattern shape> The cross-sectional shape of a 1:1 line and space pattern with a line width of 50 nm at the irradiation dose showing the above sensitivity is observed using a scanning electron microscope (S-4800 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.)
- S-4800 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
- the ratio represented by [line width at the top part (surface part) of the line pattern / line width at the middle part of the line pattern (half the height of the line pattern)] is 1.1 or more, the "reverse Those with a ratio of 1.03 or more and less than 1.1 were evaluated as "slightly reverse taper", and those with a ratio of less than 1.03 were evaluated as "rectangular”.
- ⁇ Development defect> A 1:1 line-and-space pattern with a line width of 50 nm formed at the above sensitivity (Eop) was inspected using a defect inspection apparatus KLA2360 (trade name) manufactured by KLA-Tencor Co., Ltd., and the pixel size of the defect inspection apparatus was set to 0.00. With the threshold set to 16 ⁇ m and the threshold set to 20, the number of defects per unit area (number/cm 2 ) extracted from the difference between the comparison image and pixel-by - pixel superimposition was detected. ) was calculated. Thereafter, a defect review was performed to classify and extract development defects from all defects, and the number of development defects per unit area (number/cm 2 ) was calculated. A is given when the value is less than 0.5, B is given when the value is 0.5 or more and less than 1.0, C is given when the value is 1.0 or more and less than 5.0, and D is 5.0 or more. A smaller value indicates better performance.
- the content (% by mass) of each component other than the solvent means the content ratio with respect to the total solid content.
- Table 3 below shows the content ratio (% by mass) of the solvent used with respect to the total solvent.
- the content (% by mass) of the repeating unit (a) contained in the resin (A) is described as "the repeating unit (a) in the resin (A)". Further, regarding the mass ratio of the repeating unit (a) and the photoacid generator (B) in the composition (repeating unit (a)/photoacid generator (B)), “repeating unit (a)/photoacid generator (B)”.
- EUV exposure [Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) exposure] (4) Preparation of resist pattern
- the film was heated on a hot plate at 100° C. for 90 seconds, immersed in a 2.38% by mass tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous solution for 60 seconds, and then rinsed with water for 30 seconds. After that, the wafer was rotated at a rotation speed of 4000 rpm for 30 seconds, and then dried by baking at 95° C. for 60 seconds.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- the sensitivity was defined as the irradiation energy for resolving a 1:1 line and space pattern with a line width of 50 nm.
- Roughness performance was evaluated by line width roughness (LWR) as follows.
- ⁇ Pattern shape> The cross-sectional shape of a 1:1 line and space pattern with a line width of 50 nm at the irradiation dose showing the above sensitivity is observed using a scanning electron microscope (S-4800 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.)
- S-4800 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
- the ratio represented by [line width at the top part (surface part) of the line pattern / line width at the middle part of the line pattern (half the height of the line pattern)] is 1.1 or more, the "reverse Those with a ratio of 1.03 or more and less than 1.1 were evaluated as "slightly reverse taper", and those with a ratio of less than 1.03 were evaluated as "rectangular”.
- ⁇ Development defect> A 1:1 line-and-space pattern with a line width of 50 nm formed at the above sensitivity (Eop) was inspected using a defect inspection apparatus KLA2360 (trade name) manufactured by KLA-Tencor Co., Ltd., and the pixel size of the defect inspection apparatus was set to 0.00. With the threshold set to 16 ⁇ m and the threshold set to 20, the number of defects per unit area (number/cm 2 ) extracted from the difference between the comparison image and pixel-by - pixel superimposition was detected. ) was calculated. Thereafter, a defect review was performed to classify and extract development defects from all defects, and the number of development defects per unit area (number/cm 2 ) was calculated. A is given when the value is less than 0.5, B is given when the value is 0.5 or more and less than 1.0, C is given when the value is 1.0 or more and less than 5.0, and D is 5.0 or more. A smaller value indicates better performance.
- an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition capable of reducing development defects, an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive film, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method using the same can do.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献2には、芳香環を有する繰り返し単位を特定量以上有し、脂環構造を有する基にてカルボキシル基が保護された、特定の構造を有する繰り返し単位を含む酸分解性樹脂を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物が記載されている。
特許文献1及び2に記載されている従来技術によっても、解像性、ラフネス性能やパターン形状、現像欠陥については、さらなる改善の余地が残されていた。
下記(A)及び(B)を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(A)酸の作用により分解してカルボン酸を生成する基を有する、下記一般式(a)で表される繰り返し単位(a)を有する樹脂
(B)活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物であって、下記一般式(1)で表される、化合物
上記一般式(1)中、R3がアリール基を表す[1]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[3]
上記一般式(1)中、R1~R5のうち少なくとも一つは、極性基を含む基、酸の作用により分解し極性が増大する基を含む基、又はアルカリ現像液の作用により分解し、アルカリ現像液中での溶解度が増大する基を含む基である[1]又は[2]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[4]
上記一般式(1)中、R1、R3、及びR5が、それぞれ下記一般式(Ar)で表される基である[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記一般式(1)中、R1、R3、及びR5が、それぞれ下記一般式(Ar1)で表される基である[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
置換基Y:ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシル基、カルボニル結合を有する基、アシルオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、アリールオキシカルボニルオキシ基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、又はイミド基
活性光線又は放射線の照射により上記化合物(B)が発生する酸のpKaが-10以上5以下である[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記一般式(a)中のL101がフェニレン基である[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[8]
上記一般式(a)中のR104~R106に含まれる炭素原子の総数が5~9である[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記一般式(a)中のR104~R106に含まれる炭素原子の総数が10~16である[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[10]
上記一般式(a)中のR104~R106の内の少なくとも一つが、環状基を有する基を表す[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[11]
上記一般式(a)中のR104~R106の内の2つが、互いに連結して環を形成する[1]~[10]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記樹脂(A)が、下記一般式(c)で表される繰り返し単位(c)をさらに含む[1]~[11]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記一般式(c)中のLが、単結合である[12]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[14]
上記一般式(c)中のArが、フェニレン基である[12]又は[13]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記繰り返し単位(a)の含有量が、上記樹脂(A)全質量に対して10質量%以上である[1]~[14]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[16]
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物中に含まれる、上記樹脂(A)中に含まれる上記繰り返し単位(a)と、上記化合物(B)の質量比(繰り返し単位(a)/化合物(B))が0.75以上である[1]~[15]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[1]~[16]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物により形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜。
[18]
[1]~[16]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物により感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を形成する感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜形成工程と、
上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を露光する露光工程と、
露光された上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を現像液を用いて現像する現像工程とを含むパターン形成方法。
[19]
[18]に記載のパターン形成方法を含む電子デバイスの製造方法。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されない。
本明細書中における「活性光線」又は「放射線」とは、例えば、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV:Extreme Ultraviolet)、X線、軟X線、及び電子線(EB:Electron Beam)等を意味する。本明細書中における「光」とは、活性光線又は放射線を意味する。本明細書中における「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線、X線、及びEUV等による露光のみならず、電子線、及びイオンビーム等の粒子線による描画も含む。
本明細書において、「~」とはその前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む意味で使用される。
本明細書において、樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)、及び分散度(分子量分布ともいう)(Mw/Mn)は、GPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography)装置(東ソー株式会社製HLC-8120GPC)によるGPC測定(溶剤:テトラヒドロフラン、流量(サンプル注入量):10μL、カラム:東ソー株式会社製TSK gel Multipore HXL-M、カラム温度:40℃、流速:1.0mL/分、検出器:示差屈折率検出器(Refractive Index Detector))によるポリスチレン換算値として定義される。
本明細書において、表記される2価の基の結合方向は、特に断らない限り制限されない。例えば、「X-Y-Z」なる式で表される化合物中の、Yが-COO-である場合、Yは、-CO-O-であってもよく、-O-CO-であってもよい。また、上記化合物は「X-CO-O-Z」であってもよく、「X-O-CO-Z」であってもよい。
ソフトウェアパッケージ1: Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V8.14 for Solaris (1994-2007 ACD/Labs)。
また、本明細書中において、pKaは、上述した通り「水溶液中でのpKa」を指すが、水溶液中でのpKaが算出できない場合には、「ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)溶液中でのpKa」を採用するものとする。
本発明に係る感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物(以下、「本発明の組成物」ともいう)は、下記(A)及び(B)を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物である。(A)酸の作用により分解し、カルボン酸を生成する基を有する、下記一般式(a)で表される繰り返し単位(a)を含有する樹脂(B)活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物であって、下記一般式(1)で表される、化合物
その理由は明らかではないが、以下の通りと推測される。
しかしながら、R1及びR5がそれぞれアリール基又はヘテロアリール基とされた本発明の化合物(B)を使用した場合には、R1及びR5をそれぞれ同じく嵩高いであるシクロアルキル基に置き換えた酸発生剤等を使用した場合と比較して、驚くべきことに、現像残渣に伴う現像欠陥は更に抑制される。その理由は詳細には明らかではないが、アリール基又はヘテロアリール基のClogP値は、シクロアルキル基のClogP値よりも低く、これにより、本発明の化合物(B)は、現像液(好ましくはアルカリ現像液)に対する親和性が高くなっているため、嵩高い基としてのアリール基又はヘテロアリール基を有しながらも、現像残渣に伴う現像欠陥が抑制されたものと考えられる。
更に、上述の樹脂(A)中の繰り返し単位(a)と化合物(B)はいずれも、アリール基、及びエステル結合、スルホン酸アニオン等の極性基を有しているため、π-π相互作用や水素結合の作用で相溶性が高く、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜中において、樹脂(A)及び化合物(B)は、高均一に分布しているものと考えられる。よって、化合物(B)の凝集体が膜中に生じ難いため、現像残渣に伴う現像欠陥が抑制されたと考えられる。
ここで、本発明における樹脂(A)によれば、酸分解性基における-COO(R104)(R105)(R106)で表される基が、L101としての、剛直な基である2価の芳香環基を介して、樹脂の主鎖に結合しているため、このような連結基を介さない場合や、柔軟な構造の連結基を介して樹脂の主鎖に結合している場合と比較して、分子の運動性が低く、酸の拡散を抑制する事が出来る。
また、「R104及びR105がメチル基の場合であって、R104~R106の内の2つが互いに連結しない場合、R106はメチル基、エチル基以外の置換基を表す」の要件によって、酸の作用により、-COO(R104)(R105)(R106)から脱離する、R104、R105及びR106に由来する化合物は、ある程度の大きさを有する化合物である。そして、このような構成によれば、脱保護(脱離)反応で生じる反応中間体が安定化されるため、-COO(R104)(R105)(R106)における酸による分解反応が進行しやすい。
以上により、本発明の組成物によれば、露光部において、樹脂の酸による分解反応が確実に起こりやすく、解像性、ラフネス性能及びパターン形状の向上に大きく寄与しているものと考えられる。
また、本発明の組成物は、化学増幅型のレジスト組成物であることが好ましく、化学増幅ポジ型レジスト組成物であることがより好ましい。
(A)酸の作用により分解してカルボン酸を生成する基を有する、一般式(a)で表される繰り返し単位(a)を有する樹脂(「樹脂(A)」ともいう)について説明する。
樹脂(A)は、酸の作用により分解して酸を生成し、極性が増大する基(以下、「酸分解性基」とも言う)を有する繰り返し単位を有することが好ましく、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を有する樹脂(以下、「酸分解性樹脂」ともいう)であることが好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、酸の作用により分解してカルボン酸を生成し、極性が増大する基を有する、一般式(a)で表される繰り返し単位(a)を含有する樹脂であり、酸分解性樹脂である。
酸の作用により現像液に対する溶解性が変化する樹脂は、酸の作用により現像液に対する溶解性が増大する樹脂でも良いし、酸の作用により現像液に対する溶解性が減少する樹脂でも良い。
繰り返し単位(a)は、酸の作用により分解してカルボン酸を生成する基を有する、下記一般式(a)で表される繰り返し単位である。
繰り返し単位(a)を、「酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位」ともいう。
アルキル基は、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよい。アルキル基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
シクロアルキル基は、単環型であってもよく、多環型であってもよい。このシクロアルキル基の炭素数は、好ましくは3~8である。
L101が表す2価の芳香環基としては、アリーレン基又はヘテロアリーレン基が挙げられる。
L101としてのヘテロアリーレン基としては、例えば、炭素数2~15個のヘテロアリーレン基を挙げることができ、5員環~10員環のものを挙げることができ、具体的には、フリル基、チエニル基、チアゾリル基、ピロリル基、オキサゾリル基、ピリジル基、ベンゾフラニル基、ベンゾチエニル基、キノリニル基、カルバゾリル基等から任意の水素原子を1つ除いた基が挙げられる。
また、好ましい一態様として、L101が表す2価の芳香環基は、さらに-C(=O)O-C(R104)(R105)(R106)で表される基を置換基として有していても良い。また、L101が表す2価の芳香環基は、さらに2つ以上の置換基を有していても良い。
R104~R106が表す上記置換基の各基が有機基で置換されている場合の有機基としては、例えば、アルキル基(炭素数1~4)、アルコキシ基(炭素数1~4)、アリール基(炭素数6~10)等が挙げられる。R104~R106が表す上記置換基中のメチレン基の1つがカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
R104~R106に含まれる炭素原子の総数は、化合物(B)が発生する酸との反応性確保の観点から、5以上であることがより好ましい。
また、R104~R106に含まれる炭素原子の総数は、特に限定されないが、9以下であることが好ましく、7以下がより好ましい。炭素原子の総数を9以下とすることにより、後述の化合物(B)が発生する酸によって樹脂(A)から脱離した脱離物が感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜中に残存しにくく、より解像力が向上する。
R104~R106に含まれる炭素原子の総数は、5~9であることが好ましく、5~7であることがより好ましい。
炭素原子の総数を10~16とすることにより、樹脂(A)が剛直となり易く、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜が固くなり、露光部で発生する酸が未露光部への拡散し難くなるため、より解像力が向上するものと考えられる。
環状基は、環を形成する基であれば、特に限定されないが、例えば、シクロアルキル基、アリール基等を挙げることができる。
「R104~R106の内の少なくとも一つが、環状基を有する基を表す」とは、具体的には以下の態様を含む。
R104~R106の内の少なくとも一つが、アルキル基、アルケニル基、又はアルキニル基を表し、上記アルキル基、アルケニル基、又はアルキニル基が置換基を有しており、上記置換基がシクロアルキル基又はアリール基を有する態様。
ここでアルキル基としては、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよい、炭素数1~8のアルキル基が挙げられ、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、及び、t-ブチル基等の炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。
アルケニル基としては、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基が挙げられ、ビニル基、1-メチルビニル基、1-プロぺニル基、アリル基、2-メチル-1-プロぺニル基等の炭素数2~4のアルケニル基が好ましい。
アルキニル基としては、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基が挙げられる。
置換基のアリール基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等の炭素数6~15個のアリール基が挙げられる。
シクロアルキル基としては、上記置換基のシクロアルキル基と同様のものを挙げることができ、アリール基としては、上記置換基としてのアリール基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
シクロアルキル基、アリール基は、さらに置換基を有していても良い。
R104~R106は、例えば、R104がアルキル基、又はアルケニル基であり、R105とR106とが結合してシクロペンチル基又はシクロヘキシル基を形成している態様が好ましく、R104が炭素数1~3のアルキル基又はアルケニル基であり、R105とR106とが結合してシクロペンチル基を形成している態様がより好ましい。
一般式(a-1)中のR104~R106は、上記一般式(a)中のR104~R106と同義であり、好ましい例も同様である。
また、樹脂(A)に含まれる繰り返し単位(a)の含有量(繰り返し単位(a)が複数存在する場合はその合計)は、樹脂(A)の全繰り返し単位に対して、70モル%以下であることが好ましく、60モル%以下であることがより好ましく、50モル%以下であることが更に好ましい。
また、樹脂(A)に含まれる繰り返し単位(a)の含有量(繰り返し単位(a)が複数存在する場合はその合計)は、樹脂(A)の全質量に対して、70質量%以下であることが好ましく、60質量%以下であることがより好ましく、50質量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記比の上限は特に限定されないが、10以下であることが好ましく、8以下であることがより好ましく、6以下であることが更に好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、酸基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
酸基としては、酸解離定数(pKa)が13以下の酸基が好ましい。
酸基としては、フェノール性水酸基が特に好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、前述の繰り返し単位(a)に加えて、更に、フェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位を有することが好ましい。
1価の有機基としては、-L4-R8で表される基が好ましい。L4は、単結合、又は、エステル基を表す。R8は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、又は、これらを組み合わせた基が挙げられる。
ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、又は、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
L3は、(n+m+1)価の芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、(n+m+1)価の脂環式炭化水素環基を表す。芳香族炭化水素環基としては、ベンゼン環基、及び、ナフタレン環基が挙げられる。脂環式炭化水素環基としては、単環であっても、多環であってもよく、例えば、シクロアルキル環基が挙げられる。
R6は、水酸基、又は、フッ素化アルコール基(好ましくは、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基)を表す。なお、R6が水酸基の場合、L3は(n+m+1)価の芳香族炭化水素環基であることが好ましい。
R7は、ハロゲン原子を表す。ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、又は、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
mは、1以上の整数を表す。mは、1~3の整数が好ましく、1~2の整数が好ましい。
nは、0又は1以上の整数を表す。nは、1~4の整数が好ましい。
なお、(n+m+1)は、1~5の整数が好ましい。
樹脂(A)が、下記一般式(c)で表される繰り返し単位(c)をさらに含むことが好ましい。
R61~R63はが表す有機基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、シアノ基又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。
R61~R63が表すアルコキシカルボニル基に含まれるアルキル基としては、上記R61~R63におけるアルキル基と同様のものが好ましい。
(k+1)価の芳香環基は、更に置換基を有していてもよい。
一般式(c)で表される繰り返し単位は、ヒドロキシスチレン構造を備えていることが好ましい。即ち、Arは、ベンゼン環基であることが好ましく、フェニレン基(2価のベンゼン環基)であることがより好ましい。
Lが表す2価の連結基としては、*-X4-L4-**が挙げられる。
上記式中、X4は、単結合、-COO-、又は-CONR64-を表し、R64は、水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。
L4は、単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
*は一般式(c)中の主鎖の炭素原子との結合手、**はArとの結合手である。
X4としては、単結合、-COO-、又は、-CONH-が好ましく、単結合、又は、-COO-がより好ましい。
kは、1~3の整数であることが好ましく、1又は2がより好ましく、1がさらに好ましい。
Aは水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又はシアノ基を表す。
Rは、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルケニル基、アラルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、アルキルスルホニルオキシ基、アルキルオキシカルボニル基又はアリールオキシカルボニル基を表し、複数個ある場合には同じであっても異なっていてもよい。複数のRを有する場合には、互いに共同して環を形成していてもよい。Rとしては水素原子が好ましい。
aは1~3の整数を表す。
bは0~(3-a)の整数を表す。
樹脂(A)は、更にラクトン基又はスルトン基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
ラクトン基又はスルトン基としては、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有していればいずれの基でも用いることができるが、好ましくは5~7員環ラクトン構造又は5~7員環スルトン構造を有する基であり、5~7員環ラクトン構造にビシクロ構造、又は、スピロ構造を形成する形で他の環構造が縮環しているもの、又は5~7員環スルトン構造にビシクロ構造、又は、スピロ構造を形成する形で他の環構造が縮環しているもの、がより好ましい。下記一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)のいずれかで表されるラクトン構造を有する基、又は下記一般式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)のいずれかで表されるスルトン構造を有する基を有する繰り返し単位を有することがより好ましい。また、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する基が主鎖に直接結合していてもよい。好ましい構造としては、一般式(LC1-1)、一般式(LC1-4)、一般式(LC1-5)、一般式(LC1-6)、一般式(LC1-13)、及び、一般式(LC1-14)で表される基が好ましい。
Rb0のアルキル基が有していてもよい好ましい置換基としては、水酸基、及び、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
Rb0のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及び、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。Rb0は、水素原子又はメチル基が好ましい。
Abは、単結合、アルキレン基、単環又は多環の脂環炭化水素構造を有する2価の連結基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、又は、これらを組み合わせた2価の基を表す。なかでも、単結合、又は、-Ab1-CO2-で表される連結基が好ましい。Ab1は、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキレン基、又は、単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキレン基であり、メチレン基、エチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、アダマンチレン基、又は、ノルボルニレン基が好ましい。
Vは、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する基を表す。
Vのラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する基としては、一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)、一般式(SL1-1)~(SL1―3)のうちのいずれかで示される基が好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位としては、特開2019-045864号公報の段落0080~0081に記載の繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、上記以外の繰り返し単位として、放射線の照射により酸を発生する基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位としては、特開2019-045864号公報の段落0092~0096に記載の繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、アルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
アルカリ可溶性基としては、カルボキシル基、スルホンアミド基、スルホニルイミド基、ビスルスルホニルイミド基、及び、α位が電子吸引性基で置換された脂肪族アルコール(例えば、ヘキサフロロイソプロパノール基)が挙げられ、カルボキシル基が好ましい。樹脂(A)がアルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位を有することにより、コンタクトホール用途での解像性が増す。
アルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位としては、アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸による繰り返し単位のような樹脂の主鎖に直接アルカリ可溶性基が結合している繰り返し単位、又は、連結基を介して樹脂の主鎖にアルカリ可溶性基が結合している繰り返し単位が挙げられる。なお、連結基は、単環又は多環の環状炭化水素構造を有していてもよい。
アルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位としては、アクリル酸又はメタクリル酸による繰り返し単位が好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、更に、酸分解性基及び極性基のいずれも有さない繰り返し単位を有してもよい。酸分解性基及び極性基のいずれも有さない繰り返し単位は、脂環炭化水素構造を有することが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂溶液中、樹脂(A)の含有量は、全固形分に対して、50質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましく、80質量%以上であることが更により好ましく、90質量%以上であることが特に好ましい。上限は特に制限されないが、例えば99質量%以下とすることができる。
全固形分とは、溶剤を除く他の成分を意図する。
上記したように、本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、(B)活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物であって、下記一般式(1)で表される、化合物(「化合物(B)」、「光酸発生剤(B)」ともいう)を含有する。
化合物(B)は、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(光酸発生剤)である。
R1及びR5としてのヘテロアリール基としては、例えば、炭素数2~15個のヘテロアリール基を挙げることができ、5員環~10員環のものを挙げることができ、具体的には、フリル基、チエニル基、ピロリル基、オキサゾリル基、ピリジル基、キノリニル基、カルバゾリル基等が挙げられる。
R2~R4としての置換基としては、1価の置換基であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせが挙げられる。
R2~R4としてのシクロアルキル基は、単環型であってもよく、多環型であってもよい。このシクロアルキル基の炭素数は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは3~8である。
R2~R4としてのハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等を挙げることができる。
ヘテロアリール基としては、R1及びR5としてのヘテロアリール基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせは、それぞれ、R2~R4としての置換基の具体例における、アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせと同様である。
R1及びR5としてのアリール基、ヘテロアリール基が複数の置換基を有する場合、複数の置換基における少なくとも2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
上記R2~R4は、後述の極性基を含む基、酸の作用により分解し極性が増大する基を含む基、又はアルカリ現像液の作用により分解し、アルカリ現像液中での溶解度が増大する基を含む基を構成することができる。
R3としてのアリール基は、R1及びR5としてのアリール基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
R3としてのアリール基は、更に置換基を有していても良い。更なる置換基としては、上述したR1及びR5とが更に有していても良い置換基の具体例として前述した各基を挙げることができる。
R3としてのアリール基が複数の置換基を有する場合、複数の置換基における少なくとも2つは互いに結合して環を形成しても良い。
中でも、極性基としては、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、又はフッ素化アルコール基(好ましくはヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基)が好ましい。
カルボニル結合を有する基としては、例えば、アルキルカルボニル基、アリールカルボニル基等を挙げることができる。
アルキル基としては、例えば、R2~R4としてのアルキル基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
アリール基としては、例えば、R1及びR5としてのアリール基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
カルボニル結合を有する基は、カルボニル結合とエーテル結合が隣接して結合しない基である。
更なる置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせが挙げられる。
アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせは、それぞれ、R2~R4としての置換基の具体例における、アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせと同様である。
アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせは、それぞれ、R2~R4としての置換基の具体例における、アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせと同様である。
極性基を含むアルキル基におけるアルキル基としては、例えば、R2~R4としてのアルキル基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
極性基を含むアリール基におけるアリール基としては、例えば、R1及びR5としてのアリール基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
また、極性基を含む基が、極性基自体であっても良い。
極性基としては、R1~R5のうち少なくとも一つとしての、極性基を含む基における極性基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
式(Y1):-C(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y2):-C(=O)OC(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y3):-C(R36)(R37)(OR38)
式(Y4):-C(Rn)(H)(Ar)
なかでも、Rx1~Rx3は、各々独立に、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基を表すことが好ましく、Rx1~Rx3は、各々独立に、直鎖状のアルキル基を表すことがより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して、単環又は多環を形成してもよい。
Rx1~Rx3のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、及び、t-ブチル基等の炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、並びに、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、並びに、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
式(Y1)又は式(Y2)で表される基は、例えば、Rx1がメチル基又はエチル基であり、Rx2とRx3とが結合して上述のシクロアルキル基を形成している態様が好ましい。
Mは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Qは、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいシクロアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアリール基、アミノ基、アンモニウム基、メルカプト基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、又は、これらを組み合わせた基(例えば、アルキル基とシクロアルキル基とを組み合わせた基)を表す。
アルキル基及びシクロアルキル基は、例えば、メチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
なお、L1及びL2のうち一方は水素原子であり、他方はアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、又は、アルキレン基とアリール基とを組み合わせた基であることが好ましい。
Q、M、及び、L1の少なくとも2つが結合して環(好ましくは、5員若しくは6員環)を形成してもよい。
パターンの微細化の点では、L2が2級又は3級アルキル基であることが好ましく、3級アルキル基であることがより好ましい。2級アルキル基としては、イソプロピル基、シクロヘキシル基又はノルボルニル基が挙げられ、3級アルキル基としては、tert-ブチル基又はアダマンタン基を挙げることができる。これらの態様では、Tg(ガラス転移温度)や活性化エネルギーが高くなるため、膜強度の担保に加え、かぶりの抑制ができる。
アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせは、それぞれ、R2~R4としての置換基の具体例における、アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせと同様である。
酸分解性基を含むアルキル基におけるアルキル基としては、例えば、R2~R4としてのアルキル基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
酸分解性基を含むアリール基におけるアリール基としては、例えば、R1及びR5としてのアリール基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
また、酸分解性基を含む基が、酸分解性基自体であっても良い。
アルコキシカルボニルオキシ基におけるアルコキシ基の炭素数は、好ましくは1~30であり、更に好ましくは1~8である。
アリールオキシカルボニル基におけるアリール基の炭素数は、好ましくは6~14であり、更に好ましくは6~10である。
アルコキシカルボニル基におけるアルコキシ基の炭素数は、好ましくは1~30であり、更に好ましくは1~8である。
イミド基は、イミドから水素原子を一つ除した基である。
更なる置換基としては、上述したR1及びR5とが更に有していても良い置換基の具体例として前述した各基を挙げることができる。
Y1及びY2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっても良く、電子求引性基を表す。
なお、本発明の一つの好ましい態様として、上記化合物(B)が極性変換基を含む基として、一般式(KA-1)又は(KB-1)で表される部分構造を有する基を有するが、一般式(KA-1)で表される部分構造、Y1及びY2が1価である場合の(KB-1)で表される部分構造の場合のように、上記部分構造が結合手を有しない場合は、上記部分構造を有する基とは、上記部分構造における任意の水素原子を少なくとも1つ除いた1価以上の基を有する基である。
一般式(KA-1)におけるXとして好ましくは、カルボン酸エステル基(即ち、KA-1としてラクトン環構造を形成する場合)、及び酸無水物基、炭酸エステル基である。より好ましくはカルボン酸エステル基である。
一般式(KA-1)で表される環構造は、置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、置換基Zka1をnka個有していてもよい。
Zka1は、複数ある場合はそれぞれ独立して、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、エーテル基、ヒドロキシル基、アミド基、アリール基、ラクトン環基、又は電子求引性基を表す。
Zka1同士が連結して環を形成しても良い。Zka1同士が連結して形成する環としては、例えば、シクロアルキル環、ヘテロ環(環状エーテル環、ラクトン環など)が挙げられる。
nkaは0~10の整数を表す。好ましくは0~8の整数、より好ましくは0~5の整数、更に好ましくは1~4の整数、最も好ましくは1~3の整数である。
なお、上記電子求引性基は、別の電子求引性基で置換されていてもよい。
Zka1としてのハロゲン原子はフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子等が挙げられ、フッ素原子が好ましい。
Zka1としてのアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、直鎖、分岐のいずれでもよい。直鎖アルキル基としては、好ましくは炭素数1~30、更に好ましくは1~20であり、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、n-ヘプチル基、n-オクチル基、n-ノニル基、n-デカニル基等が挙げられる。分岐アルキル基としては、好ましくは炭素数3~30、更に好ましくは3~20であり、例えば、i-プロピル基、i-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、i-ペンチル基、t-ペンチル基、i-ヘキシル基、t-ヘキシル基、i-ヘプチル基、t-ヘプチル基、i-オクチル基、t-オクチル基、i-ノニル基、t-デカノイル基等が挙げられる。メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基、t-ブチル基などの炭素数1~4のものが好ましい。
Zka1としてのシクロアルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、単環型でもよく、多環型でもよく、有橋式であってもよい。例えば、シクロアルキル基は橋かけ構造を有していてもよい。単環型としては、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロブチル基、シクロオクチル基等を挙げることができる。多環型としては、炭素数5以上のビシクロ、トリシクロ、テトラシクロ構造等を有する基を挙げることができ、炭素数6~20のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、アダマンチル基、ノルボルニル基、イソボロニル基、カンファニル基、ジシクロペンチル基、α-ピネル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトシクロドデシル基、アンドロスタニル基等が挙げられる。シクロアルキル基としては下記構造も好ましい。なお、シクロアルキル基中の炭素原子の一部が、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子によって置換されていてもよい。
これらの脂環式構造の置換基としては、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。アルキル基としてはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基等の低級アルキル基が好ましく、更に好ましくはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基を表す。上記アルコキシ基としては、好ましくはメトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基等の炭素数1~4個のものを挙げることができる。アルキル基及びアルコキシ基が有してもよい置換基としては、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1~4)等を挙げることができる。
なお、下記(KA-1-1)~(KA-1-17)におけるように、一般式(KA-1)で表される部分構造としての5~7員環ラクトン環に、ビシクロ構造、スピロ構造を形成する形で他の環構造が縮環していることが好ましい。
一般式(KA-1)で表される環構造が結合してもよい周辺の環構造については、例えば、下記(KA-1-1)~(KA-1-17)におけるもの、又はこれに準じたものを挙げることができる。
newは-C(Rew1)(Rew2)-で表される連結基の繰り返し数であり、0又は1の整数を表す。newが0の場合は単結合を表し、直接Yew1が結合していることを示す。
Yew1は、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトリル基、ニトロ基、後述の-C(Rf1)(Rf2)-Rf3で表されるハロ(シクロ)アルキル基、ハロアリール基、オキシ基、カルボニル基、スルホニル基、スルフィニル基、及びこれらの組み合わせをあげることができ、電子求引性基は例えば下記構造であってもよい。なお、「ハロ(シクロ)アルキル基」とは、少なくとも一部がハロゲン化したアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基を表す。Rew3、Rew4は、各々独立して任意の構造を表す。Rew3、Rew4はどのような構造でも式(EW)で表される部分構造は電子求引性を有し、好ましくはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、フッ化アルキル基である。
Yew1は、好ましくはハロゲン原子、又は、-C(Rf1)(Rf2)-Rf3で表されるハロ(シクロ)アルキル基又はハロアリール基である。
Rew1、Rew2は、各々独立して任意の置換基を表し、例えば水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はアリール基を表す。
Rew1、Rew2及びYew1の少なくとも2つが互いに連結して環を形成していてもよい。
Rf2、Rf3は各々独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は有機基を表し、Rf2とRf3とが連結して環を形成してもよい。有機基としては例えばアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基等を表し、これらはハロゲン原子(好ましくはフッ素原子)で置換されていても良く、より好ましくは、Rf2、Rf3は、(ハロ)アルキル基である。Rf2はRf1と同様の基を表すか、又はRf3と連結して環を形成していることがより好ましい。
Rf1とRf3とは連結して環を形成してもよく、形成する環としては、(ハロ)シクロアルキル環、(ハロ)アリール環等が挙げられる。
Rf1~Rf3における(ハロ)アルキル基としては、例えば前述したZka1におけるアルキル基、及びこれがハロゲン化した構造が挙げられる。
Rf1~Rf3における、又は、Rf2とRf3とが連結して形成する環における(パー)ハロシクロアルキル基及び(パー)ハロアリール基としては、例えば前述したZka1におけるシクロアルキル基がハロゲン化した構造、より好ましくは-C(n)F(2n-2)Hで表されるフルオロシクロアルキル基、及び、-C(n)F(n-1)で表されるパーフルオロアリール基が挙げられる。ここで炭素数nは特に限定されないが、5~13のものが好ましく、6がより好ましい。
なお、一般式(KA-1)の部分構造の一部又は全部が、一般式(KB-1)におけるY1又はY2としての電子求引性基を兼ねてもよい。例えば、一般式(KA-1)のXがカルボン酸エステル基である場合、そのカルボン酸エステル基は一般式(KB-1)におけるY1又はY2としての電子求引性基として機能することもあり得る。
アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせは、それぞれ、R2~R4としての置換基の具体例における、アルキル基;アルケニル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ハロゲン原子;酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子及びケイ素原子等のヘテロ原子を含む基;並びにこれらの2種以上の組み合わせと同様である。
極性変換基を含むアルキル基におけるアルキル基としては、例えば、R2~R4としてのアルキル基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
極性変換基を含むアリール基におけるアリール基としては、例えば、R1及びR5としてのアリール基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
R6~R10のうち少なくとも一つは、極性基を含む基、酸の作用により分解し極性が増大する基を含む基、又はアルカリ現像液の作用により分解し、アルカリ現像液中での溶解度が増大する基を含む基である。
極性基を含む基は、R1~R5のうち少なくとも一つとしての、極性基を含む基と同様である。
酸の作用により分解し極性が増大する基を含む基は、R1~R5のうち少なくとも一つとしての、酸の作用により分解し極性が増大する基を含む基と同様である。
アルカリ現像液の作用により分解し、アルカリ現像液中での溶解度が増大する基を含む基は、R1~R5のうち少なくとも一つとしての、アルカリ現像液の作用により分解し、アルカリ現像液中での溶解度が増大する基を含む基と同様である。
R11~R15は、それぞれ独立に水素原子又は置換基を表し、R11~R15のうち少なくとも一つは、下記置換基Yを表す。*は、一般式(1)におけるベンゼン環への結合手を表す。
置換基Y: ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシル基、カルボニル結合を有する基、アシルオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、アリールオキシカルボニルオキシ基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、又はイミド基
R11~R15のうち少なくとも一つは、上記置換基Yを表す。
置換基Yとしてのアシルオキシ基におけるアシル基の炭素数は、好ましくは1~30であり、更に好ましくは1~8である。
置換基Yとしてのアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基におけるアルコキシ基の炭素数は、好ましくは1~30であり、更に好ましくは1~8である。
置換基Yとしてのアリールオキシカルボニルオキシ基におけるアリール基の炭素数は、好ましくは6~14であり、更に好ましくは6~10である。
置換基Yとしてのアリールオキシカルボニル基におけるアリール基の炭素数は、好ましくは6~14であり、更に好ましくは6~10である。
置換基Yとしてのアルコキシカルボニル基におけるアルコキシ基の炭素数は、好ましくは1~30であり、更に好ましくは1~8である。
置換基Yとしてのイミド基は、イミドから水素原子を一つ除した基である。
更なる置換基としては、上述したR1及びR5とが更に有していても良い置換基の具体例として前述した各基を挙げることができる。
nが1であることが好ましい。
一般式(1)のカチオン部におけるnは、カチオンの価数を表す。nは1以上の整数を表す。nの上限値は特に限定されないが、例えば、4である。
nが1であることが好ましい。
Mn+としてのカチオンは、1価以上のカチオンであれば、特に限定されないが、オニウムカチオンが好ましく、下記一般式(ZIA)、又は一般式(ZIIA)で表されるカチオンが好ましい。
R201、R202及びR203は、各々独立に、有機基を表す。
R201、R202及びR203としての有機基の炭素数は、一般的に1~30であり、好ましくは1~20である。
また、R201~R203のうち2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル結合、アミド結合、又はカルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203の内の2つが結合して形成する基としては、アルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基)及び-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-が挙げられる。
nが2以上の場合における2価以上のカチオンは、一般式(ZIA)で表される構造を複数有するカチオンであってもよい。このようなカチオンとしては、例えば、一般式(ZIA)で表されるカチオンのR201~R203の少なくとも1つと、一般式(ZIA)で表されるもうひとつのカチオンのR201~R203の少なくとも一つとが、単結合又は連結基を介して結合した構造を有する2価のカチオンなどを挙げることができる。
カチオン(ZI-11)は、上記一般式(ZIA)のR201~R203の少なくとも1つがアリール基である、カチオンすなわち、アリールスルホニウムカチオンである。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンは、R201~R203の全てがアリール基でもよいし、R201~R203の一部がアリール基であり、残りがアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基であってもよい。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンとしては、例えば、トリアリールスルホニウムカチオン、ジアリールアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、アリールジアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、ジアリールシクロアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、及びアリールジシクロアルキルスルホニウムカチオンが挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンが必要に応じて有しているアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~15の直鎖状アルキル基、炭素数3~15の分岐鎖状アルキル基、又は炭素数3~15のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
ラクトン環基としては、例えば、上述する(KA-1-1)~(KA-1-17)のいずれかで表される構造から水素原子を除した基が挙げられる。
カチオン(ZI-12)は、式(ZIA)におけるR201~R203が、各々独立に、芳香環を有さない有機基を表す化合物である。ここで芳香環とは、ヘテロ原子を含む芳香族環も包含する。
R201~R203としての芳香環を有さない有機基は、一般的に炭素数1~30であり、炭素数1~20が好ましい。
R201~R203は、各々独立に、好ましくはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基、又はビニル基であり、より好ましくは直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の2-オキソアルキル基、2-オキソシクロアルキル基、又はアルコキシカルボニルメチル基、更に好ましくは直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の2-オキソアルキル基である。
R201~R203は、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基(例えば炭素数1~5)、水酸基、シアノ基、又はニトロ基によって更に置換されていてもよい。
Mで表されるアリール基としては、フェニル基、又はナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。アリール基は、酸素原子又は硫黄原子等を有する複素環構造を有するアリール基であってもよい。複素環構造としては、フラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾフラン環、及びベンゾチオフェン環等が挙げられる。
なお、Mが環構造を有する場合、上記環構造は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル結合、アミド結合、及び、炭素-炭素二重結合の少なくとも1種を含んでいてもよい。
R1c及びR2cで表されるハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及びヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
Rx及びRyで表されるアルケニル基としては、アリル基又はビニル基が好ましい。
上記Rx及びRyは、更に置換基を有していてもよい。この態様として、例えば、Rx及びRyとして2-オキソアルキル基又はアルコキシカルボニルアルキル基などが挙げられる。
Rx及びRyで表される2-オキソアルキル基としては、例えば、炭素数1~15(好ましくは炭素数1~10)のものが挙げられ、具体的には、2-オキソプロピル基、及び2-オキソブチル基等が挙げられる。
Rx及びRyで表されるアルコキシカルボニルアルキル基としては、例えば、炭素数1~15(好ましくは炭素数1~10)のものが挙げられる。また、RxとRyは、結合して環を形成してもよい。
RxとRyとが互いに連結して形成される環構造は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル結合、アミド結合、又は、炭素-炭素二重結合を含んでいてもよい。
カチオン(ZI-13A)は、下記一般式(ZI-13A)で表される、フェナシルスルフォニウムカチオンである。
R1c~R5cは、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、シクロアルキルカルボニルオキシ基、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、アルキルチオ基又はアリールチオ基を表す。
R6c及びR7cとしては、上述した一般式(ZI-13)中のR1c及びR2cと同義であり、その好ましい態様も同じである。
Rx及びRyとしては、上述した一般式(ZI-13)中のRx及びRyと同義であり、その好ましい態様も同じである。
上記環構造としては、芳香族又は非芳香族の炭化水素環、芳香族又は非芳香族の複素環、及びこれらの環が2つ以上組み合わされてなる多環縮合環が挙げられる。環構造としては、3~10員環が挙げられ、4~8員環が好ましく、5又は6員環がより好ましい。
R5cとR6c、及びR5cとRxが結合して形成する基としては、単結合又はアルキレン基が好ましい。アルキレン基としては、メチレン基、及びエチレン基等が挙げられる。
カチオン(ZI-14)は、下記一般式(ZI-14)で表される。
lは0~2の整数を表す。
rは0~8の整数を表す。
R13は、水素原子、フッ素原子、水酸基、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、又は単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキル骨格を有する基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。
R14は、複数存在する場合は各々独立して、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、シクロアルキルスルホニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、又は単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキル骨格を有するアルコキシ基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。
R15は、各々独立して、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、又はナフチル基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。2つのR15が互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。2つのR15が互いに結合して環を形成するとき、環骨格内に、酸素原子、又は窒素原子等のヘテロ原子を含んでもよい。一態様において、2つのR15がアルキレン基であり、互いに結合して環構造を形成することが好ましい。
一般式(ZIIA)中、R204及びR205は、各々独立に、アリール基、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
R204及びR205のアリール基としてはフェニル基、又はナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。R204及びR205のアリール基は、酸素原子、窒素原子、又は硫黄原子等を有する複素環構造を有するアリール基であってもよい。複素環構造を有するアリール基の骨格としては、例えば、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、インドール、ベンゾフラン、及びベンゾチオフェン等が挙げられる。
R204及びR205のアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基としては、炭素数1~10の直鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数3~10の分岐鎖状アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、及びペンチル基)、又は、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基(例えばシクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、及びノルボルニル基)が好ましい。
ラクトン環基としては、例えば、上述する(KA-1-1)~(KA-1-17)のいずれかで表される構造から水素原子を除した基が挙げられる。
カップリング反応としては、例えば以下を挙げることができる。
Yはカップリング反応により化合物XYを形成する基を表す。
本発明の組成物中、化合物(B)の含有量(複数種存在する場合はその合計)は、組成物の全固形分を基準として、0.1~35質量%が好ましく、0.5~25質量%がより好ましく、1~20質量%が更に好ましく、5~20質量%が特に好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、化合物(B)以外の活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物を含有することができる。
本発明の組成物は、酸拡散制御剤を含有することが好ましい。酸拡散制御剤は、露光時に光酸発生剤等から発生する酸をトラップし、余分な発生酸による、未露光部における酸分解性樹脂の反応を抑制するクエンチャーとして作用する。
酸拡散制御剤としては、例えば、塩基性化合物(DA)、活性光線又は放射線の照射により塩基性が低下又は消失する塩基性化合物(DB)、酸発生剤に対して相対的に弱酸となるオニウム塩(DC)、窒素原子を有し、酸の作用により脱離する基を有する低分子化合物(DD)、又はカチオン部に窒素原子を有するオニウム塩化合物(DE)等を酸拡散制御剤として使用できる。本発明の組成物においては、公知の酸拡散制御剤を適宜使用できる。例えば、米国特許出願公開2016/0070167A1号明細書の段落[0627]~[0664]、米国特許出願公開2015/0004544A1号明細書の段落[0095]~[0187]、米国特許出願公開2016/0237190A1号明細書の段落[0403]~[0423]、及び、米国特許出願公開2016/0274458A1号明細書の段落[0259]~[0328]に開示された公知の化合物を酸拡散制御剤として好適に使用できる。
R200、R201及びR202は、同一でも異なってもよく、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~20)又はアリール基(炭素数6~20)を表す。R201とR202は、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
R203、R204、R205及びR206は、同一でも異なってもよく、各々独立に、炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表す。
上記アルキル基について、置換基を有するアルキル基としては、炭素数1~20のアミノアルキル基、炭素数1~20のヒドロキシアルキル基、又は炭素数1~20のシアノアルキル基が好ましい。
一般式(A)及び(E)中のアルキル基は、無置換であることがより好ましい。
プロトンアクセプター性は、pH測定を行うことによって確認することができる。
光酸発生剤と、光酸発生剤から生じた酸に対して相対的に弱酸である酸を発生するオニウム塩とを混合して用いた場合、活性光線性又は放射線の照射により光酸発生剤から生じた酸が未反応の弱酸アニオンを有するオニウム塩と衝突すると、塩交換により弱酸を放出して強酸アニオンを有するオニウム塩を生じる。この過程で強酸がより触媒能の低い弱酸に交換されるため、見かけ上、酸が失活して酸拡散の制御を行うことができる。
化合物(DCA)としては、下記一般式(C-1)~(C-3)のいずれかで表される化合物が好ましい。
R1、R2、及びR3は、各々独立に炭素数1以上の置換基を表す。
L1は、カチオン部位とアニオン部位とを連結する2価の連結基又は単結合を表す。
-X-は、-COO-、-SO3 -、-SO2 -、及び-N--R4から選択されるアニオン部位を表す。R4は、隣接するN原子との連結部位に、カルボニル基(-C(=O)-)、スルホニル基(-S(=O)2-)、及びスルフィニル基(-S(=O)-)のうち少なくとも1つを有する1価の置換基を表す。
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びL1は、互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。また、一般式(C-3)において、R1~R3のうち2つを合わせて1つの2価の置換基を表し、N原子と2重結合により結合していてもよい。
酸の作用により脱離する基としては、アセタール基、カルボネート基、カルバメート基、3級エステル基、3級水酸基、又はヘミアミナールエーテル基が好ましく、カルバメート基、又はヘミアミナールエーテル基がより好ましい。
化合物(DD)の分子量は、100~1000が好ましく、100~700がより好ましく、100~500が更に好ましい。
化合物(DD)は、窒素原子上に保護基を有するカルバメート基を有してもよい。カルバメート基を構成する保護基としては、下記一般式(d-1)で表される。
Rbは、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~30)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数3~30)、アラルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)、又はアルコキシアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)を表す。Rbは相互に結合して環を形成していてもよい。
Rbが示すアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、及びアラルキル基は、各々独立にヒドロキシル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、ピロリジノ基、ピペリジノ基、モルホリノ基、オキソ基等の官能基、アルコキシ基、又はハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい。Rbが示すアルコキシアルキル基についても同様である。
2つのRbが相互に連結して形成する環としては、脂環式炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、複素環式炭化水素及びその誘導体等が挙げられる。
一般式(d-1)で表される基の具体的な構造としては、米国特許公報US2012/0135348A1号明細書の段落[0466]に開示された構造が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
lは0~2の整数を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、l+m=3を満たす。
Raは、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基又はアラルキル基を表す。lが2のとき、2つのRaは同じでも異なっていてもよく、2つのRaは相互に連結して式中の窒素原子と共に複素環を形成していてもよい。この複素環には式中の窒素原子以外のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい。
Rbは、上記一般式(d-1)におけるRbと同義であり、好ましい例も同様である。
一般式(6)において、Raとしてのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、及びアラルキル基は、各々独立にRbとしてのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、及びアラルキル基が置換されていてもよい基として前述した基と同様な基で置換されていてもよい。
本発明における特に好ましい化合物(DD)の具体例としては、米国特許出願公開2012/0135348A1号明細書の段落[0475]に開示された化合物が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
化合物(DE)の好ましい具体例としては、米国特許出願公開2015/0309408A1号明細書の段落[0203]に開示された化合物が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
酸拡散制御剤の本発明の組成物中の含有量(複数種存在する場合はその合計)は、組成物の全固形分に対して、0.001~20質量%が好ましく、0.01~10質量%がより好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、溶剤を含有することが好ましい。
本発明の組成物においては、公知のレジスト溶剤を適宜使用できる。例えば、米国特許出願公開2016/0070167A1号明細書の段落[0665]~[0670]、米国特許出願公開2015/0004544A1号明細書の段落[0210]~[0235]、米国特許出願公開2016/0237190A1号明細書の段落[0424]~[0426]、及び、米国特許出願公開2016/0274458A1号明細書の段落[0357]~[0366]に開示された公知の溶剤を好適に使用できる。
組成物を調製する際に使用できる溶剤としては、例えば、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルカルボキシレート、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、乳酸アルキルエステル、アルコキシプロピオン酸アルキル、環状ラクトン(好ましくは炭素数4~10)、環を有してもよいモノケトン化合物(好ましくは炭素数4~10)、アルキレンカーボネート、アルコキシ酢酸アルキル、及びピルビン酸アルキル等の有機溶剤が挙げられる。
水酸基を有する溶剤、及び水酸基を有さない溶剤としては、前述の例示化合物を適宜選択できるが、水酸基を含む溶剤としては、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、又は乳酸アルキル等が好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME:1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール)、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル(PGEE)、2-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸メチル、又は乳酸エチルがより好ましい。また、水酸基を有さない溶剤としては、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルアセテート、アルキルアルコキシプロピオネート、環を有していてもよいモノケトン化合物、環状ラクトン、又は酢酸アルキル等が好ましく、これらの中でも、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA:1-メトキシ-2-アセトキシプロパン)、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、2-ヘプタノン、γ-ブチロラクトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン又は酢酸ブチルがより好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、γ-ブチロラクトン、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン又は2-ヘプタノンが更に好ましい。水酸基を有さない溶剤としては、プロピレンカーボネートも好ましい。
水酸基を有する溶剤と水酸基を有さない溶剤との混合比(質量比)は、1/99~99/1であり、10/90~90/10が好ましく、20/80~60/40がより好ましい。水酸基を有さない溶剤を50質量%以上含有する混合溶剤が、塗布均一性の点で好ましい。
溶剤は、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートを含有することが好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート単独溶剤でもよいし、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートを含有する2種類以上の混合溶剤でもよい。
本発明の組成物は、界面活性剤を含んでいてもよい。界面活性剤を含有することにより、波長が250nm以下、特には220nm以下の露光光源を使用した場合に、良好な感度及び解像度で、密着性及び現像欠陥のより少ないパターンを形成することが可能となる。
界面活性剤としては、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤を用いることが特に好ましい。
フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤としては、例えば、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の[0276]に記載の界面活性剤が挙げられる。また、エフトップEF301若しくはEF303(新秋田化成(株)製);フロラードFC430、431若しくは4430(住友スリーエム(株)製);メガファックF171、F173、F176、F189、F113、F110、F177、F120若しくはR08(DIC(株)製);サーフロンS-382、SC101、102、103、104、105若しくは106(旭硝子(株)製);トロイゾルS-366(トロイケミカル(株)製);GF-300若しくはGF-150(東亜合成化学(株)製)、サーフロンS-393(セイミケミカル(株)製);エフトップEF121、EF122A、EF122B、RF122C、EF125M、EF135M、EF351、EF352、EF801、EF802若しくはEF601((株)ジェムコ製);PF636、PF656、PF6320若しくはPF6520(OMNOVA社製);又は、FTX-204G、208G、218G、230G、204D、208D、212D、218D若しくは222D((株)ネオス製)を用いてもよい。なお、ポリシロキサンポリマーKP-341(信越化学工業(株)製)も、シリコン系界面活性剤として用いることができる。
また、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の[0280]に記載されているフッ素系及び/又はシリコン系以外の界面活性剤を使用してもよい。
本発明の組成物は、上記に説明した成分以外にも、カルボン酸、カルボン酸オニウム塩、Proceeding of SPIE, 2724,355 (1996)等に記載の分子量3000以下の溶解阻止化合物、染料、可塑剤、光増感剤、光吸収剤、酸化防止剤などを適宜含有することができる。
固形分濃度とは、組成物の総質量に対する、溶剤を除く他の成分の質量の質量百分率である。
本発明の組成物は、活性光線又は放射線の照射により反応して性質が変化する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物である。更に詳しくは、本発明の組成物は、IC(Integrated Circuit)等の半導体製造工程、液晶若しくはサーマルヘッド等の回路基板の製造、インプリント用モールド構造体の作製、その他のフォトファブリケーション工程、又は平版印刷版、若しくは酸硬化性組成物の製造に使用される感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する。本発明において形成されるパターンは、エッチング工程、イオンインプランテーション工程、バンプ電極形成工程、再配線形成工程、及びMEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)等において使用できる。
本発明は、本発明の感活性光線又は感放射線性組成物により形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜(好ましくはレジスト膜)にも関する。このような膜は、例えば、本発明の組成物が基板等の支持体上に塗布されることにより形成される。この膜の厚みは、0.02~0.1μmが好ましい。基板上に塗布する方法としては、スピンコート、ロールコート、フローコート、ディップコート、スプレーコート、ドクターコート等の適当な塗布方法により基板上に塗布されるが、スピン塗布が好ましく、その回転数は1000~3000rpm(rotations per minute)が好ましい。塗布膜は60~150℃で1~20分間、好ましくは80~120℃で1~10分間プリベークして薄膜を形成する。
被加工基板及びその最表層を構成する材料は、例えば、半導体用ウェハの場合、シリコンウェハを用いることができ、最表層となる材料の例としては、Si、SiO2、SiN、SiON、TiN、WSi、BPSG(Boron Phosphorus Silicon Glass)、SOG(Spin on Glass)、有機反射防止膜等が挙げられる。
反射防止膜としては、チタン、二酸化チタン、窒化チタン、酸化クロム、カーボン、アモルファスシリコン等の無機膜型と、吸光剤とポリマー材料からなる有機膜型のいずれも用いることができる。また、有機反射防止膜として、ブリューワーサイエンス社製のDUV30シリーズや、DUV-40シリーズ、シプレー社製のAR-2、AR-3、AR-5等の市販の有機反射防止膜を使用することもできる。
本発明は、本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物により感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を形成する感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜形成工程と、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を露光する露光工程と、露光された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を、現像液を用いて現像する現像工程と、を含むパターン形成方法にも関する。
本発明において、上記露光は、電子線、ArFエキシマレーザー又は極紫外線を用いて行われることが好ましく、電子線又は極紫外線を用いて行われることがより好ましく、電子線を用いて行われることが更に好ましい。すなわち、露光工程において、露光光源として電子線を用いることが好ましい。
次いで、ホットプレート上で、好ましくは60~150℃で5秒~20分間、より好ましくは80~120℃で15秒~10分間、さらに好ましくは80~120℃で1~10分間、露光後加熱(ポストエクスポージャーベーク)を行い、次いで、現像、リンス、乾燥することによりパターンを形成する。ここで、露光後加熱は、樹脂(A)における酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位の酸分解性によって、適宜調整される。酸分解性が低い場合、露光後加熱の温度は110℃以上、加熱時間は45秒以上であることも好ましい。
現像液は適宜選択されるが、アルカリ現像液(代表的にはアルカリ水溶液)又は有機溶剤を含有する現像液(有機系現像液ともいう)を用いることが好ましい。現像液がアルカリ水溶液である場合には、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TMAH)、テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TBAH)等の、0.1~5質量%、好ましくは2~3質量%アルカリ水溶液で、0.1~3分間、好ましくは0.5~2分間、浸漬(dip)法、パドル(puddle)法、スプレー(spray)法等の常法により現像する。アルカリ現像液には、アルコール類及び/又は界面活性剤を、適当量添加してもよい。こうして、ネガ型パターンの形成おいては、未露光部分の膜は溶解し、露光された部分は現像液に溶解し難いことにより、またポジ型パターンの形成おいては、露光された部分の膜は溶解し、未露光部の膜は現像液に溶解し難いことにより、基板上に目的のパターンが形成される。
更に、上記アルカリ性水溶液にアルコール類、界面活性剤を適当量添加して使用することもできる。
アルカリ現像液のアルカリ濃度は、通常0.1~20質量%である。
アルカリ現像液のpHは、通常10.0~15.0である。
特に、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドの2.38質量%の水溶液が望ましい。
また、現像処理又はリンス処理の後に、パターン上に付着している現像液又はリンス液を超臨界流体により除去する処理を行うことができる。
特に、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤及びエーテル系溶剤から選択される少なくとも1種類の溶剤を含有する現像液であることが好ましい。
上記エステル系溶剤のヘテロ原子は、炭素原子および水素原子以外の原子であって、例えば、酸素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子等が挙げられる。ヘテロ原子数は、2以下が好ましい。
炭素原子数が7以上かつヘテロ原子数が2以下のエステル系溶剤の好ましい例としては、酢酸アミル、酢酸イソアミル、酢酸2-メチルブチル、酢酸1-メチルブチル、酢酸ヘキシル、プロピオン酸ペンチル、プロピオン酸ヘキシル、プロピオン酸ヘプチル、ブタン酸ブチル、イソブタン酸イソブチルなどが挙げられ、酢酸イソアミル、又はイソブタン酸イソブチルを用いることが特に好ましい。
エステル系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合には、エステル系溶剤として酢酸イソアミルを用いることが好ましい。また、炭化水素系溶剤としては、レジスト膜の溶解性を調製するという観点から、飽和炭化水素溶剤(例えば、オクタン、ノナン、デカン、ドデカン、ウンデカン、ヘキサデカンなど)を用いることが好ましい。
ケトン系溶剤としては、例えば、1-オクタノン、2-オクタノン、1-ノナノン、2-ノナノン、アセトン、2-ヘプタノン(メチルアミルケトン)、4-ヘプタノン、1-ヘキサノン、2-ヘキサノン、ジイソブチルケトン、2,5-ジメチル-4-ヘキサノン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、フェニルアセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、アセチルアセトン、アセトニルアセトン、イオノン、ジアセトニルアルコール、アセチルカービノール、アセトフェノン、メチルナフチルケトン、イソホロン、プロピレンカーボネート等を挙げることができ、ジイソブチルケトン、2,5-ジメチル-4-ヘキサノンを用いることが特に好ましい。
エステル系溶剤としては、例えば、酢酸メチル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸ペンチル、酢酸イソアミル、酢酸アミル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、エチル-3-エトキシプロピオネート、3-メトキシブチルアセテート、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、蟻酸メチル、蟻酸エチル、蟻酸ブチル、蟻酸プロピル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル、乳酸プロピル、酪酸ブチル、2-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸メチル等を挙げることができる。
アルコール系溶剤としては、例えば、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n-ブチルアルコール、sec-ブチルアルコール、4-メチル-2-ペンタノール、tert-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、n-ヘキシルアルコール、n-ヘプチルアルコール、n-オクチルアルコール、n-デカノール等のアルコールや、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール等のグリコール系溶剤や、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、メトキシメチルブタノール等のグリコールエーテル系溶剤等を挙げることができる。
エーテル系溶剤としては、例えば、上記グリコールエーテル系溶剤の他、アニソール、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン等が挙げられる。
アミド系溶剤としては、例えば、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ヘキサメチルホスホリックトリアミド、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン等が使用できる。
炭化水素系溶剤としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶剤、ペンタン、ヘキサン、オクタン、デカン、ウンデカン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤が挙げられる。
なお、炭化水素系溶剤である脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤においては、同じ炭素数で異なる構造の化合物の混合物であってもよい。例えば、脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒としてデカンを使用した場合、同じ炭素数で異なる構造の化合物である2-メチルノナン、2,2-ジメチルオクタン、4-エチルオクタン、イソオクタンなどが脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒に含まれていてもよい。
また、上記同じ炭素数で異なる構造の化合物は、1種のみが含まれていてもよいし、上記のように複数種含まれていてもよい。
上記の溶剤は、複数混合してもよいし、上記以外の溶剤や水と混合し使用してもよい。但し、本発明の効果を十二分に奏するためには、現像液全体としての含水率が10質量%未満であることが好ましく、実質的に水分を含有しないことがより好ましい。
有機系現像液における有機溶剤(複数混合の場合は合計)の濃度は、好ましくは50質量%以上、より好ましくは50~100質量%、さらに好ましくは85~100質量%、さらにより好ましくは90~100質量%、特に好ましくは95~100質量%である。最も好ましくは、実質的に有機溶剤のみからなる場合である。なお、実質的に有機溶剤のみからなる場合とは、微量の界面活性剤、酸化防止剤、安定剤、消泡剤などを含有する場合を含むものとする。
特に、有機系現像液は、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤及びエーテル系溶剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の有機溶剤を含有する現像液であるのが好ましい。
5kPa以下の蒸気圧を有する具体的な例としては、1-オクタノン、2-オクタノン、1-ノナノン、2-ノナノン、2-ヘプタノン(メチルアミルケトン)、4-ヘプタノン、2-ヘキサノン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、フェニルアセトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン系溶剤、酢酸ブチル、酢酸ペンチル、酢酸イソアミル、酢酸アミル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、エチル-3-エトキシプロピオネート、3-メトキシブチルアセテート、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、蟻酸ブチル、蟻酸プロピル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル、乳酸プロピル等のエステル系溶剤、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n-ブチルアルコール、sec-ブチルアルコール、tert-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、n-ヘキシルアルコール、n-ヘプチルアルコール、n-オクチルアルコール、n-デカノール等のアルコール系溶剤、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール等のグリコール系溶剤や、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、メトキシメチルブタノール等のグリコールエーテル系溶剤、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル系溶剤、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドのアミド系溶剤、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶剤、オクタン、デカン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤が挙げられる。
特に好ましい範囲である2kPa以下の蒸気圧を有する具体的な例としては、1-オクタノン、2-オクタノン、1-ノナノン、2-ノナノン、2-ヘプタノン、4-ヘプタノン、2-ヘキサノン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、フェニルアセトン等のケトン系溶剤、酢酸ブチル、酢酸アミル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、エチル-3-エトキシプロピオネート、3-メトキシブチルアセテート、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル、乳酸プロピル等のエステル系溶剤、n-ブチルアルコール、sec-ブチルアルコール、tert-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、n-ヘキシルアルコール、n-ヘプチルアルコール、n-オクチルアルコール、n-デカノール等のアルコール系溶剤、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール等のグリコール系溶剤や、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、メトキシメチルブタノール等のグリコールエーテル系溶剤、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドのアミド系溶剤、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶剤、オクタン、デカン、ウンデカン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤が挙げられる。
界面活性剤としては特に限定されないが、例えば、イオン性や非イオン性のフッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤等を用いることができる。これらのフッ素及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤として、例えば特開昭62-36663号公報、特開昭61-226746号公報、特開昭61-226745号公報、特開昭62-170950号公報、特開昭63-34540号公報、特開平7-230165号公報、特開平8-62834号公報、特開平9-54432号公報、特開平9-5988号公報、米国特許第5405720号明細書、同5360692号明細書、同5529881号明細書、同5296330号明細書、同5436098号明細書、同5576143号明細書、同5294511号明細書、同5824451号明細書記載の界面活性剤を挙げることができ、好ましくは、非イオン性の界面活性剤である。非イオン性の界面活性剤としては特に限定されないが、フッ素系界面活性剤又はシリコン系界面活性剤を用いることが更に好ましい。
界面活性剤の使用量は現像液の全量に対して、好ましくは0.0001~2質量%、さらに好ましくは0.0001~1質量%、特に好ましくは0.0001~0.1質量%である。
上記各種の現像方法が、現像装置の現像ノズルから現像液をレジスト膜に向けて吐出する工程を含む場合、吐出される現像液の吐出圧(吐出される現像液の単位面積あたりの流速)は好ましくは2mL/sec/mm2以下、より好ましくは1.5mL/sec/mm2以下、更に好ましくは1mL/sec/mm2以下である。流速の下限は特に無いが、スループットを考慮すると0.2mL/sec/mm2以上が好ましい。
吐出される現像液の吐出圧を上記の範囲とすることにより、現像後のレジスト残渣に由来するパターンの欠陥を著しく低減することができる。
このメカニズムの詳細は定かではないが、恐らくは、吐出圧を上記範囲とすることで、現像液がレジスト膜に与える圧力が小さくなり、レジスト膜・パターンが不用意に削られたり崩れたりすることが抑制されるためと考えられる。
なお、現像液の吐出圧(mL/sec/mm2)は、現像装置中の現像ノズル出口における値である。
炭化水素系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤及びエーテル系溶剤の具体例としては、有機溶剤を含む現像液において説明したものと同様のものを挙げることができ、特に、酢酸ブチル及びメチルイソブチルカルビノールを好適に挙げることができる。
有機溶剤を含む現像液を用いて現像する工程の後に、より好ましくは、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、炭化水素系溶剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の有機溶剤を含有するリンス液を用いて洗浄する工程を行い、更に好ましくは、アルコール系溶剤又は炭化水素系溶剤を含有するリンス液を用いて洗浄する工程を行うことが好ましい。
なお、上記脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤の炭素原子数の上限値は特に限定されないが、例えば、16以下が挙げられ、14以下が好ましく、12以下がより好ましい。
上記脂肪側炭化水素系溶剤の中でも、特に好ましくは、デカン、ウンデカン、ドデカンであり、最も好ましくはウンデカンである。
このようにリンス液に含まれる有機溶剤として炭化水素系溶剤(特に脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤)を用いることで、現像後にわずかにレジスト膜に染み込んでいた現像液が洗い流されて、膨潤がより抑制され、パターン倒れが抑制されるという効果が一層発揮される。
これら材料に含まれる不純物の含有量としては、1ppm以下が好ましく、1ppb(parts per billion)以下がより好ましく、100ppt(parts per trillion)以下が更に好ましく、10ppt以下が特に好ましく、実質的に含まないこと(測定装置の検出限界以下であること)が最も好ましい。
各種材料から金属等の不純物を除去する方法としては、例えば、フィルターを用いた濾過を挙げることができる。フィルター孔径としては、ポアサイズ10nm以下が好ましく、5nm以下がより好ましく、3nm以下が更に好ましい。フィルターの材質としては、ポリテトラフロロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、ナイロン製のフィルターが好ましい。フィルターは、これらの材質とイオン交換メディアを組み合わせた複合材料であってもよい。フィルターは、有機溶剤であらかじめ洗浄したものを用いてもよい。フィルター濾過工程では、複数種類のフィルターを直列又は並列に接続して用いてもよい。複数種類のフィルターを使用する場合は、孔径及び/又は材質が異なるフィルターを組み合わせて使用しても良い。また、各種材料を複数回濾過してもよく、複数回濾過する工程が循環濾過工程であっても良い。
また、各種材料に含まれる金属等の不純物を低減する方法としては、各種材料を構成する原料として金属含有量が少ない原料を選択する、各種材料を構成する原料に対してフィルター濾過を行う、装置内をテフロン(登録商標)でライニングする等してコンタミネーションを可能な限り抑制した条件下で蒸留を行う等の方法を挙げることができる。各種材料を構成する原料に対して行うフィルター濾過における好ましい条件は、上記した条件と同様である。
フィルター濾過の他、吸着材による不純物の除去を行っても良く、フィルター濾過と吸着材を組み合わせて使用しても良い。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を用いることができ、例えば、シリカゲル、ゼオライトなどの無機系吸着材、活性炭などの有機系吸着材を使用することができる。
また、本発明の現像液及びリンス液に使用し得る有機溶剤(「有機系処理液」ともいう)に含まれる金属等の不純物を低減する方法としては、各種材料を構成する原料として金属含有量が少ない原料を選択する、各種材料を構成する原料に対してフィルター濾過を行う、装置内をテフロン(登録商標)でライニングする等してコンタミネーションを可能な限り抑制した条件下で蒸留を行う等の方法を挙げることができる。各種材料を構成する原料に対して行うフィルター濾過における好ましい条件は、上記した条件と同様である。
フィルター濾過の他、吸着材による不純物の除去を行ってもよく、フィルター濾過と吸着材を組み合わせて使用してもよい。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を用いることができ、例えば、シリカゲル、ゼオライトなどの無機系吸着材、活性炭などの有機系吸着材を使用することができる。
配管に通す溶剤としては、レジストを溶解し得るものであれば特に限定されず、例えば上述した有機溶媒が挙げられ、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルプロピオネート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルプロピオネート、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、2-ヘプタノン、乳酸エチル、1-プロパノール、アセトン、等を用いることができる。中でも好ましくは、PGMEA、PGME、シクロヘキサノンを用いることができる。
また、本発明は、上記したパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法にも関する。本発明の電子デバイスの製造方法により製造された電子デバイスは、電気電子機器(例えば、家電、OA(Office Automation)関連機器、メディア関連機器、光学用機器、及び通信機器等)に、好適に搭載される。
<合成例1:モノマー(a-1)の合成>
MS-ESI(positive) m/z=229.1[M]+
4-ビニル安息香酸(2.00g,13.5mmol)をTHF10mLに溶解し、1,1’-カルボニルジイミダゾール(2.23g,13.8mmol)を加えた後、室温で2時間攪拌し、(a-13-1)のTHF溶液(約14mL)とした。この中間体(a-13-1)溶液は、これ以上精製することなく、次の反応に用いた。
2,3,4-トリメチルペンタノール(5.46g,41.9mmmol)とテトラヒドロフラン25mLを混合し、窒素雰囲気下、-78℃に冷却した。メチルリチウム(1.4Mシクロペンチルメチルエーテル溶液)28.9ml(40mmol)を滴下し、室温でさらに1時間攪拌した。-10℃に冷却した反応液に、中間体(a-13-1)のTHF溶液(約14mL)を、滴下した。60℃で1時間攪拌した後、n-ヘキサン100mLと蒸留水100mLを加え、分液操作を行った。有機層の溶媒を減圧留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:酢酸エチル/n-ヘキサン=3/97)で精製し、モノマー(a-13)2.5gを得た。化合物の同定は、ESI-MSにより行った。
MS-ESI(positive) m/z=259.2[M]+
表1中、繰り返し単位2に示す繰り返し単位(a)に相当する繰り返し単位(a-1)~(a-35)は、それぞれ、後掲する原料モノマー(a-1)~(a-35)に由来する繰り返し単位である。
樹脂A-1~A-46の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分散度(Mw/Mn)はGPC(キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した(ポリスチレン換算量である)。また、各繰り返し単位の比率は、13C-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)により測定した。
<合成例4:光酸発生剤(B-2)の合成>(1)(B-2-1の合成)
2,4,6-トリクロロベンゼンスルホニルクロリド40.0gをクロロホルム222gに溶解し、0℃に冷却後、イソブチルアルコール15.9gとピリジン19.2gを投入し、室温で6時間撹拌した。反応混合液に1N塩酸を添加して分液し、有機層を1N塩酸、飽和重曹水、飽和食塩水で洗浄後、無水硫酸マグネシウムを加え乾燥した。ろ過した後、ろ液中の溶媒を減圧留去し、真空乾燥後、化合物(B-2-1)を32.3g得た。
化合物(B-2-1)を5.00g、4-(メトキシカルボニル)フェニルボロン酸17.0g、リン酸カリウム20.1g、Sphos645mg、テトラヒドロフラン100g、純水30gを仕込み脱気した。次いで酢酸パラジウム177mgを投入し、80℃で10時間撹拌した。反応混合液に酢酸エチルを添加して分液し、有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄後、無水硫酸マグネシウムを加え乾燥した。ろ過した後、ろ液をシリカゲルに通し、酢酸エチルで洗浄した。溶媒を減圧留去した後、粗生成物にクロロホルム40mlを加えて溶解し、活性炭ANOX2(大阪ガスケミカル製)200mgとトリメルカプトトリアジン100mgを加え、室温で2時間撹拌する(活性炭、トリメルカプトトリアジンに触媒であるパラジウムが吸着される)。ろ過により活性炭ANOX2を除去し、クロロホルム有機層を10wt%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄した後、0.1mol/L塩酸水溶液で2回洗浄し、さらに超純水で2回洗浄した。溶媒を減圧留去した後、酢酸エチル50mlを加えて減圧留去する事で、水を共沸脱水した。得られた粗生成物を酢酸エチル/n‐ヘキサンで再結晶し、真空乾燥後、化合物(B-2-2)を3.52g得た。
化合物(B-2-2)2.00g、アセトニトリル40g、ヨウ化ナトリウム534mgを仕込み、80℃で8時間撹拌した。固体をろ別し、アセトン、ヘキサンで洗浄した。真空乾燥後、化合物(B-2-3)を1.54g得た。
化合物(B-2-3)1.50g、トリフェニルスルホニウムブロミド882mg、塩化メチレン10g、純水10gを仕込み、室温下3時間攪拌した。有機相を純水で洗浄後、溶媒を減圧留去し、イソプロピルーテルで共沸した。得られた粗生成物を酢酸エチル/イソプロピルエーテルで再結晶し、真空乾燥後、化合物(B-2)(2.10g)を得た。
なお、化合物(B-2)の1H-NMRスペクトル(400MHz、DMSO-d6)は、δ=8.05-7.69(m,27H),7.47(s,2H),3.88(s,6H),3.86(s,3H)であった。
化合物(B-2)の合成で、4-(メトキシカルボニル)フェニルボロン酸17.0gを4-ヒドロキシフェニルボロン酸13.0gに変更した以外は同様の方法で、化合物(B-3)を2.23g得た。
なお、化合物(B-3)の1H-NMRスペクトル(400MHz、DMSO-d6)は、δ=9.53(s,1H),9.12(s,2H),7.90-7.19(m,21H),7.14(s,2H),6.84-6.63(m,6H)であった。
化合物(B-1)~(B-80)は、表2に記載のカチオンと表2に記載のアニオンを組み合わせてなるものである。
組成物の調製には、上記化合物のうち、化合物(B-1)~(B-4)、(B-6)、(B-7)、(B-9)~(B-22)、(B-24)~(B-28)、(B-30)、(B-32)、(B-34)~(B-37)、(B-39)、(B-41)~(B-45)、(B-47)~(B-50)、(B-51)、(B-53)、(B-62)、(B-65)、(B-66)、(B-69)、(B-72)、(B-78)を用いた。
使用した酸拡散制御剤の構造を以下に示す。
界面活性剤としては、下記W-1~W-4を用いた。
W-1:メガファックR08(大日本インキ化学工業(株)製;フッ素及びシリコン系)
W-2:ポリシロキサンポリマーKP-341(信越化学工業(株)製;シリコン系)
W-3:トロイゾルS-366(トロイケミカル(株)製;フッ素系)
W-4:PF6320(OMNOVA社製;フッ素系)
使用した溶剤を以下に示す。
S-1:ジアセトンアルコール(DAA)
S-2:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)
S-3:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)
S-4:乳酸エチル(EL)
S-5:3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル(EEP)
S-6:2-ヘプタノン(MAK)
S-7:3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル(MMP)
S-8:酢酸3-メトキシブチル
S-9:γ‐ブチロラクトン
(1)支持体の準備
酸化窒化Crを蒸着した8インチウェハー(通常のフォトマスクブランクスに使用する遮蔽膜処理を施した物)を準備した。
(2)レジスト組成物の調製
表3に示す成分を同表に示す溶剤に溶解させて、同表に示す固形分濃度にて溶液を調製し、これを0.03μmのポアサイズを有するポリエチレンフィルターで濾過してレジスト組成物を調製した。
(3)レジスト膜の作製
上記8インチウェハー上に東京エレクトロン製スピンコーターMark8を用いてレジスト組成物を塗布し、120℃、600秒間ホットプレート上で乾燥して、膜厚100nmのレジスト膜を得た。すなわち、レジスト塗布ウェハーを得た。
(4)レジストパターンの作製
上記(3)で得られたレジスト膜に電子線描画装置((株)アドバンテスト製;F7000S、加速電圧50KeV)を用いて、パターン照射を行った。照射後に、100℃、600秒ホットプレート上で加熱し、2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド(TMAH)水溶液を用いて60秒間浸漬した後、30秒間、水でリンスして乾燥した。
(5)レジストパタ-ンの評価
得られたパターンを下記の方法で、解像性、ラフネス性能、パターン形状、現像欠陥について評価した。結果を後掲の表4に示す。
上記感度(Eop)を示す露光量における限界解像力(ラインとスペース(ライン:スペース=1:1)が分離解像する最小の線幅)を解像力(nm)とした。
ラフネス性能は、以下のようにラインウィズスラフネス(LWR)にて評価した。
ラインウィズスラフネスは、上記Eopにおいて、線幅50nmのラインアンドスペースパターン(ライン:スペース=1:1)の長手方向0.5μmの任意の50点について、線幅を計測し、その標準偏差を求め、3σ(nm)を算出した。値が小さいほど良好な性能であることを示す。
上記の感度を示す照射量における線幅50nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンの断面形状を走査型電子顕微鏡((株)日立製作所製S-4800)を用いて観察したラインパターンの断面形状において、[ラインパターンのトップ部(表面部)における線幅/ラインパターンの中部(ラインパターンの高さの半分の高さ位置)における線幅]で表される比率が1.1以上のものを「逆テーパー」とし、該比率が1.03以上1.1未満のものを「やや逆テーパー」とし、該比率が1.03未満のものを「矩形」として、評価を行った。
上記感度(Eop)で形成した線幅50nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンをケー・エル・エー・テンコール社製の欠陥検査装置KLA2360(商品名)を用い、欠陥検査装置のピクセルサイズを0.16μmに、また閾値を20に設定して、比較イメージとピクセル単位の重ね合わせによって生じる差異から抽出される欠陥(個数/cm2)を検出して、単位面積あたりの欠陥数(個/cm2)を算出した。その後、欠陥レビューを行うことで全欠陥の中から現像欠陥を分類抽出し、単位面積あたりの現像欠陥数(個/cm2)を算出した。値が0.5未満のものをA、0.5以上1.0未満のものをB、1.0以上5.0未満のものをC、5.0以上のものをDとした。値が小さいほど良好な性能であることを示す。
下記表3には、樹脂(A)中に含まれる繰り返し単位(a)の含有量(質量%)について「樹脂(A)中の繰り返し単位(a)」として記載した。
また、組成物中の上記繰り返し単位(a)と光酸発生剤(B)の質量比(繰り返し単位(a)/光酸発生剤(B))について「繰り返し単位(a)/光酸発生剤(B)」として記載した。
(4)レジストパターンの作製
上記(3)で得られたレジスト膜の塗布されたウェハを、EUV露光装置(Exitech社製 Micro Exposure Tool、NA(開口数)0.3、Quadrupole、アウターシグマ0.68、インナーシグマ0.36)を用い、露光マスク(ライン/スペース=1/1)を使用して、パターン露光を行った。露光後、ホットプレート上で、100℃で90秒間加熱した後、2.38質量%のテトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド(TMAH)水溶液を用いて60秒間浸漬した後、30秒間、水でリンスした。その後、4000rpmの回転数で30秒間ウェハを回転させた後、95℃で60秒間ベークを行い乾燥した。
(5)レジストパタ-ンの評価
得られたパターンを下記の方法で、解像性、ラフネス性能、及びパターン形状について評価した。結果を後掲の表5に示す。
上記感度(Eop)を示す露光量における限界解像力(ラインとスペース(ライン:スペース=1:1)が分離解像する最小の線幅)を解像力(nm)とした。
ラフネス性能は、以下のようにラインウィズスラフネス(LWR)にて評価した。
ラインウィズスラフネスは、上記Eopにおいて、線幅50nmのラインアンドスペースパターン(ライン:スペース=1:1)の長手方向0.5μmの任意の50点について、線幅を計測し、その標準偏差を求め、3σ(nm)を算出した。値が小さいほど良好な性能であることを示す。
上記の感度を示す照射量における線幅50nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンの断面形状を走査型電子顕微鏡((株)日立製作所製S-4800)を用いて観察したラインパターンの断面形状において、[ラインパターンのトップ部(表面部)における線幅/ラインパターンの中部(ラインパターンの高さの半分の高さ位置)における線幅]で表される比率が1.1以上のものを「逆テーパー」とし、該比率が1.03以上1.1未満のものを「やや逆テーパー」とし、該比率が1.03未満のものを「矩形」として、評価を行った。
上記感度(Eop)で形成した線幅50nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンをケー・エル・エー・テンコール社製の欠陥検査装置KLA2360(商品名)を用い、欠陥検査装置のピクセルサイズを0.16μmに、また閾値を20に設定して、比較イメージとピクセル単位の重ね合わせによって生じる差異から抽出される欠陥(個数/cm2)を検出して、単位面積あたりの欠陥数(個/cm2)を算出した。その後、欠陥レビューを行うことで全欠陥の中から現像欠陥を分類抽出し、単位面積あたりの現像欠陥数(個/cm2)を算出した。値が0.5未満のものをA、0.5以上1.0未満のものをB、1.0以上5.0未満のものをC、5.0以上のものをDとした。値が小さいほど良好な性能であることを示す。
本出願は、本出願は、2021年7月30日出願の日本特許出願(特願2021-126330)及び2022年6月24日出願の日本特許出願(特願2022-102247)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (19)
- 下記(A)及び(B)を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(A)酸の作用により分解してカルボン酸を生成する基を有する、下記一般式(a)で表される繰り返し単位(a)を有する樹脂
(B)活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物であって、下記一般式(1)で表される、化合物
一般式(a)中、R101~R103は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、有機基又はハロゲン原子を表す。L101は、2価の芳香環基を表す。R104~R106は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルケニル基、又はアルキニル基を表す。R104~R106の内の2つは互いに連結して環を形成しても良い。R104が水素原子の場合、R105、R106のうち少なくとも一つはアルケニル基を表す。R104及びR105がメチル基の場合であって、R104~R106の内の2つが互いに連結しない場合、R106はメチル基、エチル基以外の置換基を表す。
一般式(1)中、R1及びR5は、それぞれ独立にアリール基又はヘテロアリール基を表す。R2~R4は、それぞれ独立に水素原子又は置換基を表す。Mn+はカチオンを表す。nは1以上の整数を表す。 - 前記一般式(1)中、R3がアリール基を表す請求項1に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(1)中、R1~R5のうち少なくとも一つは、極性基を含む基、酸の作用により分解し極性が増大する基を含む基、又はアルカリ現像液の作用により分解し、アルカリ現像液中での溶解度が増大する基を含む基である請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 活性光線又は放射線の照射により前記化合物(B)が発生する酸のpKaが-10以上5以下である請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(a)中のL101がフェニレン基である請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(a)中のR104~R106に含まれる炭素原子の総数が5~9である請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(a)中のR104~R106に含まれる炭素原子の総数が10~16である請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(a)中のR104~R106の内の少なくとも一つが、環状基を有する基を表す請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(a)中のR104~R106の内の2つが、互いに連結して環を形成する請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(c)中のLが、単結合である請求項12に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(c)中のArが、フェニレン基である請求項12に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記繰り返し単位(a)の含有量が、前記樹脂(A)全質量に対して10質量%以上である請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物中に含まれる、前記樹脂(A)中に含まれる前記繰り返し単位(a)と、前記化合物(B)の質量比(繰り返し単位(a)/化合物(B))が0.75以上である請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物により形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物により感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を形成する感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜形成工程と、
前記感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を露光する露光工程と、
露光された前記感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を現像液を用いて現像する現像工程とを含むパターン形成方法。 - 請求項18に記載のパターン形成方法を含む電子デバイスの製造方法。
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WO2018043255A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2020045534A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、電子デバイスの製造方法、及び化合物 |
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WO2018043255A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
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