WO2017115629A1 - パターン形成方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
パターン形成方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017115629A1 WO2017115629A1 PCT/JP2016/086528 JP2016086528W WO2017115629A1 WO 2017115629 A1 WO2017115629 A1 WO 2017115629A1 JP 2016086528 W JP2016086528 W JP 2016086528W WO 2017115629 A1 WO2017115629 A1 WO 2017115629A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by heteroatoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F212/22—Oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/22—Oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/32—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing two or more rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/283—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing one or more carboxylic moiety in the chain, e.g. acetoacetoxyethyl(meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D125/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D125/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic monomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
- G03F7/0397—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition the macromolecular compound having an alicyclic moiety in a side chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/168—Finishing the coated layer, e.g. drying, baking, soaking
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
- G03F7/325—Non-aqueous compositions
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/38—Treatment before imagewise removal, e.g. prebaking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/22—Oxygen
- C08F12/24—Phenols or alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1806—C6-(meth)acrylate, e.g. (cyclo)hexyl (meth)acrylate or phenyl (meth)acrylate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pattern forming method and an electronic device manufacturing method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pattern used for a semiconductor manufacturing process such as an IC (Integrated Circuit), a circuit board such as a liquid crystal and a thermal head, and other photofabrication lithography processes. The present invention relates to a forming method and an electronic device manufacturing method including the pattern forming method.
- a film is formed using an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition (also called a photoresist composition or a chemically amplified resist composition), and then the resulting film is exposed.
- the exposed film is developed using a developer containing an organic solvent to form a pattern (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- an object of the present invention is to provide a pattern forming method capable of obtaining a pattern excellent in etching resistance and suppressing the occurrence of pattern collapse, and an electronic device manufacturing method including the pattern forming method.
- the present inventors have found that the resin contained in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition to be used has a desired combination of effects by having a specific combination of repeating units. It was found that can be obtained. More specifically, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by the following configuration.
- a pattern forming method comprising: a step of forming a film using, a step of exposing the film, and a step of developing the exposed film with a developer containing an organic solvent to form a pattern.
- Ar 4 in the general formula (I) and Ar 6 in the general formula (BII) are each independently a phenylene group or a naphthylene group.
- the method further includes a step of developing the exposed film using the developer and then washing the film using a rinse solution, and the rinse solution includes a ketone solvent, an ether solvent, and a hydrocarbon.
- a method for manufacturing an electronic device comprising the pattern forming method according to any one of [1] to [13].
- the present invention it is possible to provide a pattern forming method capable of obtaining a pattern having excellent etching resistance and suppressing the occurrence of pattern collapse, and an electronic device manufacturing method including the pattern forming method.
- the notation which does not describe substitution and non-substitution includes the thing which has a substituent with the thing which does not have a substituent.
- the “alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- active light or “radiation” means, for example, the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays represented by excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light), X-rays, electron beams (EB), etc. To do.
- light means actinic rays or radiation.
- exposure in the present specification is not limited to exposure to far ultraviolet rays, extreme ultraviolet rays, X-rays, EUV light and the like represented by mercury lamps and excimer lasers, but also electron beams, ion beams, and the like, unless otherwise specified.
- the exposure with the particle beam is also included in the exposure.
- “to” is used to mean that the numerical values described before and after it are included as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) are standard polystyrene conversion values determined from GPC (gel permeation chromatography) under the following conditions.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention includes a step of forming a film using an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition (hereinafter also referred to as “resist composition”), a step of exposing the film, and the exposure described above. It is a pattern formation method which has the process of developing the formed film
- a resin A described later contained in the resist composition is represented by a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (I) having an aromatic ring group and a general formula (BII) described later having the same aromatic ring group. It is considered that the etching resistance of the pattern formed using such a resist composition is improved by having the repeating unit. Moreover, it is thought that the swelling with respect to a developing solution is suppressed because a pattern contains the said resin A, As a result, generation
- the film forming step is a step of forming a film (hereinafter also referred to as “resist film” or “active light sensitive or radiation sensitive film”) using the actinic ray sensitive or radiation sensitive resin composition described below, For example, it can be performed by the following method.
- resist film or “active light sensitive or radiation sensitive film”
- each component described later is dissolved in a solvent to prepare an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the filter is, for example, a filter made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or nylon having a pore size of 0.1 microns or less, preferably 0.05 microns or less, more preferably 0.03 microns or less.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition is applied to a substrate (eg, silicon or silicon dioxide coating) used for manufacturing an integrated circuit element by an appropriate application method such as a spinner. Thereafter, it is dried to form a resist film. If necessary, various base films (inorganic films, organic films, antireflection films) may be formed under the resist film.
- a substrate eg, silicon or silicon dioxide coating
- an appropriate application method such as a spinner.
- Heating can be performed by means provided in an ordinary exposure machine or developing machine, and may be performed using a hot plate or the like.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 180 ° C, more preferably 80 to 150 ° C, still more preferably 80 to 140 ° C, and particularly preferably 80 to 130 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 30 to 1000 seconds, more preferably 60 to 800 seconds, and still more preferably 60 to 600 seconds.
- the film thickness of the resist film is generally 200 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the thickness of the formed resist film is preferably 50 nm or less. If the film thickness is 50 nm or less, pattern collapse is less likely to occur when a development process described later is applied, and better resolution performance is obtained. More preferably, the film thickness is in the range of 15 nm to 45 nm. If the film thickness is 15 nm or more, better etching resistance can be obtained. More preferably, the film thickness ranges from 15 nm to 40 nm.
- an upper layer film may be formed on the upper layer of the resist film.
- the upper layer film can be formed using, for example, an upper layer film forming composition containing a hydrophobic resin, an acid generator, a basic compound, and the like.
- the upper layer film and the composition for forming the upper layer film are as described below.
- the exposure step is a step of exposing the resist film, and can be performed, for example, by the following method.
- the formed resist film is irradiated with actinic rays or radiation through a predetermined mask.
- actinic light or a radiation For example, they are a KrF excimer laser, an ArF excimer laser, EUV light (Extreme Ultra Violet), an electron beam (EB, Electron Beam), etc.
- the exposure may be immersion exposure.
- any actinic ray or radiation can be used.
- baking is preferably performed after exposure and before development.
- the reaction of the exposed part is promoted by baking, and the sensitivity and / or pattern shape becomes better.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 80 to 140 ° C, and still more preferably 80 to 130 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 30 to 1000 seconds, more preferably 60 to 800 seconds, and even more preferably 60 to 600 seconds. Heating can be performed by means provided in an ordinary exposure machine or developing machine, and may be performed using a hot plate or the like.
- the development step is a step of developing the exposed resist film with a developer containing an organic solvent to form a pattern.
- the unexposed portion of the resist film is dissolved by the developer, and a so-called negative pattern is formed.
- a developing method for example, a method in which a substrate is immersed in a tank filled with a developer for a certain period of time (dip method), a method in which the developer is raised on the surface of the substrate by surface tension and is left stationary for a certain time (paddle) Method), a method of spraying the developer on the substrate surface (spray method), a method of continuously discharging the developer while scanning the developer discharge nozzle on the substrate rotating at a constant speed (dynamic dispensing method) Etc.
- a step of stopping development may be performed while substituting with another solvent.
- the development time is not particularly limited as long as the resin in the unexposed area is sufficiently dissolved, and is usually 10 to 300 seconds, preferably 20 to 120 seconds.
- the temperature of the developer is preferably 0 to 50 ° C, more preferably 15 to 35 ° C.
- developer used in the development step it is preferable to use a developer (organic developer) described later.
- organic developer development with an alkali developer may be performed (so-called double development).
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may further include a rinsing step after the developing step.
- a rinsing step it is preferable to wash (rinse) the developed wafer using a rinsing liquid described later.
- the method of the cleaning process is not particularly limited. For example, a method of continuously discharging the rinse liquid onto the substrate rotating at a constant speed (rotary discharge method), or immersing the substrate in a tank filled with the rinse liquid for a certain period of time. A method (dip method), a method of spraying a rinsing liquid onto the substrate surface (spray method), etc. can be applied.
- a cleaning process is performed by a rotary discharge method, and after cleaning, the substrate is rotated at a speed of 2000 rpm to 4000 rpm. It is preferable to rotate and remove the rinse liquid from the substrate.
- the rinse time is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 seconds to 300 seconds, preferably 10 seconds to 180 seconds, and more preferably 20 seconds to 120 seconds.
- the temperature of the rinse liquid is preferably 0 to 50 ° C, more preferably 15 to 35 ° C.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited as long as a good resist pattern can be obtained, and is usually 40 to 160 ° C.
- the heating temperature is preferably 50 to 150 ° C, more preferably 50 to 110 ° C.
- the heating time is not particularly limited as long as a good resist pattern can be obtained, but it is usually 15 to 300 seconds, and preferably 15 to 180 seconds.
- the developer and rinse solution used in the pattern forming method of the present invention preferably contain an organic solvent, and further contain an antioxidant and / or a surfactant.
- an organic solvent preferably contains an organic solvent, and further contain an antioxidant and / or a surfactant.
- the isomers of the examples described below may be contained in the developer and the rinse solution. Further, only one kind of isomer may be included, or a plurality of isomers may be included.
- the developer is used in the development step described above, and can also be referred to as an organic developer because it contains an organic solvent.
- the vapor pressure of the organic solvent (the vapor pressure as a whole in the case of a mixed solvent) is preferably 5 kPa or less, more preferably 3 kPa or less, and even more preferably 2 kPa or less at 20 ° C.
- the vapor pressure of the organic solvent is preferably 5 kPa or less, more preferably 3 kPa or less, and even more preferably 2 kPa or less at 20 ° C.
- the ester solvent is a solvent having an ester group in the molecule
- the ketone solvent is a solvent having a ketone group in the molecule
- the alcohol solvent is alcoholic in the molecule.
- It is a solvent having a hydroxyl group
- an amide solvent is a solvent having an amide group in the molecule
- an ether solvent is a solvent having an ether bond in the molecule.
- diethylene glycol monomethyl ether corresponds to both alcohol solvents and ether solvents in the above classification.
- a developer containing at least one kind of solvent selected from ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents and ether solvents is preferable.
- ester solvent examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, pentyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, amyl acetate (pentyl acetate), isoamyl acetate (isopentyl acetate or 3-methylbutyl acetate), acetic acid 2 -Methylbutyl, 1-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, isohexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA; also known as 1-methoxy-2-acetoxypropane), ethylene glycol mono Ethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol
- butyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 1-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, pentyl propionate, hexyl propionate, heptyl propionate, and butyl butanoate are preferably used, and isoamyl acetate is more preferred. Preferably used.
- ketone solvents include 1-octanone, 2-octanone, 1-nonanone, 2-nonanone, acetone, 2-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 1-hexanone, 2-hexanone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, Examples include phenylacetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetylacetone, acetonylacetone, ionone, diacetonyl alcohol, acetylcarbinol, acetophenone, methylnaphthylketone, isophorone, propylene carbonate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone. Heptanone or diisobutyl ketone is preferred.
- alcohol solvents include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 1 -Hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, 2-hexanol, 2-heptanol, 2-octanol, 3-hexanol, 3-heptanol, 3-octanol, 4-octanol, 3-methyl-3-pen Tanol, cyclopentanol, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-pentanol, 3-methyl-2- Pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 4-methyl- -Pentanol, 4-methyl-3-pentanol,
- Glycol solvents ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME; also known as 1-methoxy-2-propanol), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methoxymethylbutanol, ethylene Glycol ether solvents containing hydroxyl groups such as recall monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monophenyl ether, etc. Can be mentioned. Among these, it is preferable to use a glycol ether solvent.
- ether solvents include glycol ether solvents that contain hydroxyl groups, glycol ether solvents that do not contain hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol diethyl ether, anisole, and phenetole.
- aromatic ether solvents dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, perfluoro-2-butyltetrahydrofuran, perfluorotetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, isopropyl ether and the like.
- an glycol ether solvent or an aromatic ether solvent such as anisole is used.
- amide solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and the like. Can be used.
- hydrocarbon solvent examples include pentane, hexane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, undecane, hexadecane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2,2,3-trimethylhexane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, 1-methylpropylbenzene, 2-methylpropylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, ethylmethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, ethyldimethylbenzene, dipropylbenzene, etc.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, 1-methylpropylbenzene, 2-methylpropylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, ethylmethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, ethyldimethylbenzene, dipropylbenzene, etc.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the hydrocarbon solvent, an unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent can also be used, and examples thereof include unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as oc
- the number of double bonds and triple bonds of the unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent is not particularly limited, and the unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent may have any position in the hydrocarbon chain. Moreover, when an unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent has a double bond, cis body and trans body may be mixed.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent that is a hydrocarbon solvent may be a mixture of compounds having the same number of carbon atoms and different structures. For example, when decane is used as the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, 2-methylnonane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, 4-ethyloctane, and isooctane, which are compounds having the same carbon number and different structures, are aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents. May be included.
- the compounds having the same number of carbon atoms and different structures may include only one kind or plural kinds as described above.
- the developer has 7 or more carbon atoms (preferably 7 to 14) from the standpoint that swelling of the resist film can be suppressed when EUV light (Extreme Ultra Violet) and EB (Electron Beam) are used in the exposure process described above. 7 to 12 are more preferable, and 7 to 10 are more preferable.)
- An ester solvent having 2 or less heteroatoms is preferably used.
- the hetero atom of the ester solvent is an atom other than a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, and examples thereof include an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- the number of heteroatoms is preferably 2 or less.
- ester solvents having 7 or more carbon atoms and 2 or less heteroatoms include amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 1-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, pentyl propionate, hexyl propionate, Examples include heptyl propionate and butyl butanoate, and it is more preferable to use isoamyl acetate.
- the developer is replaced with the above ester solvent having 7 or more carbon atoms and 2 or less hetero atoms.
- a mixed solvent of the ester solvent and the hydrocarbon solvent or a mixed solvent of the ketone solvent and the hydrocarbon solvent may be used. Even in this case, it is effective in suppressing the swelling of the resist film.
- isoamyl acetate is preferably used as the ester solvent.
- the hydrocarbon solvent it is preferable to use a saturated hydrocarbon solvent (for example, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, undecane, hexadecane, etc.) from the viewpoint of adjusting the solubility of the resist film.
- a saturated hydrocarbon solvent for example, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, undecane, hexadecane, etc.
- 2-heptanone or diisobutyl ketone is preferably used as the ketone solvent.
- a saturated hydrocarbon solvent for example, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, undecane, hexadecane, etc.
- an unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent can be used as the hydrocarbon solvent.
- examples thereof include unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, hexadecene and the like.
- the number of double bonds and triple bonds of the unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent is not particularly limited, and the unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent may have any position in the hydrocarbon chain.
- an unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent has a double bond, cis body and trans body may be mixed. In the case of using the above mixed solvent, the content of the hydrocarbon solvent depends on the solvent solubility of the resist film, and is not particularly limited.
- a plurality of the above organic solvents may be mixed, or may be used by mixing with other solvents and / or water.
- the water content of the developer as a whole is preferably less than 10% by mass, and more preferably substantially free of moisture.
- the concentration of the organic solvent (total in the case of a plurality of mixtures) in the developer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 50 to 100% by mass, still more preferably 85 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 95 to 100% by mass. %. Most preferably, it consists essentially of an organic solvent.
- the case where it consists only of an organic solvent includes the case where a trace amount surfactant, antioxidant, stabilizer, an antifoamer, etc. are contained.
- the organic solvent used as the developer include ester solvents.
- ester solvent it is more preferable to use a solvent represented by the general formula (S1) described later or a solvent represented by the general formula (S2) described later, and use a solvent represented by the general formula (S1). It is more preferable to use alkyl acetate, and it is particularly preferable to use butyl acetate, amyl acetate (pentyl acetate), or isoamyl acetate (isopentyl acetate).
- R and R ′ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom.
- R and R ′ may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the alkyl group, alkoxyl group, and alkoxycarbonyl group for R and R ′ preferably have 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and the cycloalkyl group preferably has 3 to 15 carbon atoms.
- R and R ′ are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and a ring formed by combining R and R ′ with respect to R and R ′, It may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a group containing a carbonyl group (for example, acyl group, aldehyde group, alkoxycarbonyl, etc.), cyano group or the like.
- Examples of the solvent represented by the general formula (S1) include methyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, butyl formate, propyl formate, ethyl lactate, and butyl lactate.
- examples thereof include isopropyl acid, methyl 2-hydroxypropionate, ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, and the like.
- R and R ′ are unsubstituted alkyl groups.
- the solvent represented by the general formula (S1) is preferably alkyl acetate, more preferably butyl acetate, amyl acetate (pentyl acetate), or isoamyl acetate (isopentyl acetate), and is preferably isoamyl acetate. Further preferred.
- the solvent represented by the general formula (S1) may be used in combination with one or more other organic solvents.
- the combined solvent in this case is not particularly limited as long as it can be mixed without being separated into the solvent represented by the general formula (S1), and the solvents represented by the general formula (S1) may be used in combination.
- the solvent represented by the general formula (S1) may be used by mixing it with a solvent selected from other ester solvents, ketone solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents, ether solvents and hydrocarbon solvents. Good.
- One or more solvents can be used in combination, but it is preferable to use one solvent in order to obtain stable performance.
- the mixing ratio of the solvent represented by the general formula (S1) and the combined solvent is usually 20:80 to 99: 1, preferably 50:50 to 97: by mass ratio. 3, more preferably 60:40 to 95: 5, still more preferably 60:40 to 90:10.
- a glycol ether solvent As the organic solvent used as the developer, a glycol ether solvent can be used.
- a glycol ether solvent a solvent represented by the following general formula (S2) may be used.
- R ′′ and R ′′ ′′ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group or a halogen atom.
- R ′′ and R ′′ ′′ may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R ′′ and R ′′ ′′ are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group, alkoxyl group and alkoxycarbonyl group for R ′′ and R ′′ ′′ is preferably in the range of 1 to 15, and the carbon number of the cycloalkyl group is 3 to 15. Is preferred.
- R ′ ′′ represents an alkylene group or a cycloalkylene group.
- R ′ ′′ is preferably an alkylene group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group for R ′ ′′ is preferably in the range of 1 to 10.
- the carbon number of the cycloalkylene group for R ′ ′′ is preferably in the range of 3 to 10.
- the ring formed by bonding to each other may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a group containing a carbonyl group (for example, an acyl group, an aldehyde group, alkoxycarbonyl, etc.), a cyano group, or the like.
- the alkylene group for R ′ ′′ may have an ether bond in the alkylene chain.
- Examples of the solvent represented by the general formula (S2) include propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl.
- Ether acetate diethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, methyl-3-methoxy Propionate, ethyl-3-methoxypropionate, ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate, propyl-3-methoxypropionate, ethyl methoxyacetate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, 2-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, 4 -Methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-ethyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 2-ethoxybutyl acetate, 4-ethoxybutyl acetate
- R ′′ and R ′′ ′′ are preferably unsubstituted alkyl groups
- R ′ ′′ is preferably an unsubstituted alkylene group
- R ′′ and R ′′ ′′ are methyl groups.
- R ′′ and R ′′ ′′ are more preferably methyl groups.
- the solvent represented by the general formula (S2) may be used in combination with one or more other organic solvents.
- the combined solvent in this case is not particularly limited as long as it can be mixed without being separated into the solvent represented by the general formula (S2), and the solvents represented by the general formula (S2) may be used in combination.
- the solvent represented by the general formula (S2) may be used by mixing it with a solvent selected from other ester solvents, ketone solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents, ether solvents and hydrocarbon solvents. Good.
- One or more solvents can be used in combination, but it is preferable to use one solvent in order to obtain stable performance.
- the mixing ratio of the solvent represented by formula (S2) and the combination solvent is usually 20:80 to 99: 1, preferably 50:50 to 97: by mass. 3, more preferably 60:40 to 95: 5, still more preferably 60:40 to 90:10.
- an ether type solvent can also be mentioned suitably.
- the ether solvent that can be used include the ether solvents described above. Among these, an ether solvent containing one or more aromatic rings is preferable, and a solvent represented by the following general formula (S3) is more preferable. More preferred is anisole.
- R S represents an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable, and a methyl group is still more preferable.
- the developer preferably contains at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketone solvents and ester solvents, and more preferably contains a ketone solvent.
- a ketone solvent is used, a hydrocarbon solvent can be used in combination as described above.
- organic solvent contained in the developer in the present invention an organic solvent used in an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition described later can be used.
- the developer preferably contains a surfactant. Thereby, the wettability with respect to the resist film is improved, and the development proceeds more effectively.
- the surfactant the same surfactants as those used in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition described later can be used.
- the content of the surfactant is usually 0.001 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the developer. .
- the developer preferably contains an antioxidant. Thereby, generation
- amine-based antioxidants and phenol-based antioxidants are preferably used.
- amine-based antioxidants include naphthylamine-based antioxidants, phenylenediamine-based antioxidants, diphenylamine-based antioxidants, and phenothiazine-based oxidation described in paragraph [0038] of JP2013-124266A.
- Inhibitors can be incorporated, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- phenolic antioxidant for example, a phenolic antioxidant described in paragraph [0038] of JP2013-124266A can be used, and the contents thereof are incorporated herein.
- the content of the antioxidant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0001 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.0001 to 0.1% by mass, and 0.0001 to 0% with respect to the total mass of the developer. More preferred is 0.01 mass%. When it is 0.0001% by mass or more, a more excellent antioxidant effect is obtained, and when it is 1% by mass or less, development residue tends to be suppressed.
- the developer of the present invention preferably contains a basic compound.
- the basic compound include compounds exemplified as the basic compound (E) that can be contained in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition described later.
- Examples of the basic compound that can be contained in the developer of the present invention include compounds represented by the formula (1) described in paragraphs [0009] and [0031] to [0050] of JP2013-011858A. Which is incorporated herein by reference.
- nitrogen-containing compounds having an SP value of 18 or less are preferably used from the viewpoint of suppressing development defects. This is because the nitrogen-containing compound having an SP value of 18 or less has good affinity with the rinse liquid used in the above-described rinse process, and can suppress development defects such as precipitation.
- (Cyclo) alkylamine compounds and nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocyclic compounds satisfying the above conditions are preferred, and 1-aminodecane, di-n-octylamine, tri-n-octylamine, and tetramethylethylenediamine are preferred. More preferred.
- the following table shows the SP values and the like of these nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocyclic compounds.
- the content of the basic compound (preferably a nitrogen-containing compound) in the developer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the developer, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. 5 to 5% by mass is more preferable.
- the above nitrogen-containing compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more having different chemical structures.
- the rinsing liquid is used in the above-described rinsing step, and can also be called an organic rinsing liquid because it contains an organic solvent.
- the vapor pressure of the rinsing liquid (the vapor pressure as a whole in the case of a mixed solvent) is preferably 0.05 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less, more preferably 0.1 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less, and 0.12 kPa or more at 20 ° C. 3 kPa or less is more preferable.
- the vapor pressure of the rinse liquid By setting the vapor pressure of the rinse liquid to 0.05 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less, the temperature uniformity in the wafer surface is improved, and further, the swelling due to the penetration of the rinse solution is suppressed, and the dimensional uniformity in the wafer surface. Improves.
- Organic solvent As the organic solvent contained in the rinsing liquid of the present invention, various organic solvents are used. From the group consisting of hydrocarbon solvents, ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents, and ether solvents. It is preferable to use at least one organic solvent selected. Specific examples of these organic solvents are the same as those described for the developer.
- organic solvent contained in the rinsing liquid in the case where EUV light (Extreme Ultra Violet) or EB (Electron Beam) is used in the exposure process described above, it is preferable to use a hydrocarbon solvent among the above organic solvents. More preferably, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is used.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having 5 or more carbon atoms for example, pentane, hexane, octane, decane, undecane, dodecane, Hexadecane, etc.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents having 8 or more carbon atoms are more preferred
- aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents having 10 or more carbon atoms are still more preferred.
- the upper limit of the carbon atom number of the said aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is not specifically limited, For example, 16 or less is mentioned, 14 or less is preferable and 12 or less is more preferable.
- an unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent can also be used as the hydrocarbon solvent contained in the rinse liquid, and examples thereof include unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, hexadecene and the like.
- the number of double bonds and triple bonds of the unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent is not particularly limited, and the unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent may have any position in the hydrocarbon chain.
- an unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent has a double bond, cis body and trans body may be mixed.
- the developer slightly soaked into the resist film after development is washed away, and swelling is further suppressed. Thus, the effect of suppressing pattern collapse is further exhibited.
- a hydrocarbon solvent especially an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent
- the mixed solvent of the said ester solvent and the said hydrocarbon solvent or the mixed solvent of the said ketone solvent and the said hydrocarbon solvent as an organic solvent contained in a rinse liquid.
- a hydrocarbon solvent as a main component.
- an ester solvent and a hydrocarbon solvent are used in combination, it is preferable to use butyl acetate or isoamyl acetate as the ester solvent.
- the hydrocarbon solvent it is preferable to use a saturated hydrocarbon solvent (for example, decane, dodecane, undecane, hexadecane, etc.) from the viewpoint that the above effect is further exhibited.
- 2-heptanone is preferably used as the ketone solvent.
- the hydrocarbon solvent it is preferable to use a saturated hydrocarbon solvent (for example, decane, dodecane, undecane, hexadecane, etc.) from the viewpoint that the above effect is further exhibited.
- an ester solvent and a hydrocarbon solvent are used in combination, or when a ketone solvent and a hydrocarbon solvent are used in combination, an unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent can be used as the hydrocarbon solvent.
- Examples thereof include unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, hexadecene and the like.
- the number of double bonds and triple bonds of the unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent is not particularly limited, and the unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent may have any position in the hydrocarbon chain.
- an unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent has a double bond, cis body and trans body may be mixed.
- the organic solvent contained in the rinse liquid is an embodiment in which at least one selected from the group consisting of the ester solvent and the ketone solvent is used from the viewpoint of being particularly effective for reducing residues after development. May be.
- the rinsing liquid contains at least one selected from the group consisting of ester solvents and ketone solvents, butyl acetate, isopentyl acetate (isoamyl acetate), n-pentyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (EEP, Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate) and at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of 2-heptanone as a main component, preferably at least selected from the group consisting of butyl acetate and 2-heptanone It is more preferable to contain one kind of solvent as a main component.
- the rinse liquid is selected from the group consisting of ester solvents, glycol ether solvents, ketone solvents, alcohol solvents. It is preferable that propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, ⁇ - A solvent selected from the group consisting of butyrolactone, propanol, 3-methoxy-1-butanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, and propylene carbonate is more preferable.
- PMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- PGME propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- ethyl acetate propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- ethyl lactate ethyl acetate
- ethyl lactate ethyl acetate
- an ester solvent when used as the organic solvent, it is preferable to use two or more ester solvents from the viewpoint that the above effect is further exhibited.
- an ester solvent preferably butyl acetate
- an ester solvent preferably propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)
- PMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- a glycol ether solvent may be used in addition to the ester solvent (one type or two or more types) from the viewpoint that the above effect is further exhibited.
- Specific examples in this case include using an ester solvent (preferably butyl acetate) as a main component and a glycol ether solvent (preferably propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)) as a subcomponent.
- a glycol ether solvent preferably propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)
- PGME propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- an ester solvent and / or a glycol ether solvent is used in addition to the ketone solvent (one or two or more) from the viewpoint that the above effects are further exhibited. May be.
- Specific examples in this case include a ketone solvent (preferably 2-heptanone) as a main component, an ester solvent (preferably propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)) and / or a glycol ether solvent (preferably propylene).
- Glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) is used as an accessory component.
- the above “main component” means that the content of the organic solvent is 50 to 100% by mass, preferably 70 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, More preferably, it is 90 to 100% by mass, and particularly preferably 95 to 100% by mass.
- the content of the auxiliary component is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass (100% by mass) of the main component, and preferably 0.5 to 10%. More preferably, it is more preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
- an ether solvent can also be suitably used as the rinsing liquid.
- ether solvents include glycol ether solvents that contain hydroxyl groups, glycol ether solvents that do not contain hydroxyl groups such as dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol diethyl ether; anisole and phenetole.
- Aromatic ether solvents such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, perfluoro-2-butyltetrahydrofuran, perfluorotetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentyl isopropyl ether, cyclopentyl sec-butyl ether, cyclopentyl tert-butyl ether, cyclohexyl isopropyl ether, Cyclohexyl sec-butyl ether Cyclic aliphatic ether solvents such as cyclohexyl tert-butyl ether; non-rings having linear alkyl groups such as di-n-propyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, di-n-pentyl ether, di-n-hexyl ether Formula aliphatic ether solvents; diisohexyl ether, methyl isopentyl ether,
- an acyclic aliphatic ether solvent having 8 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of in-plane uniformity of the wafer, and more preferably an acyclic fatty acid having a branched alkyl group having 8 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the rinse liquid preferably contains at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketone solvents, ether solvents, and hydrocarbon solvents.
- a plurality of organic solvents may be mixed, or may be used by mixing with an organic solvent other than the above.
- the solvent may be mixed with water, but the water content in the rinsing liquid is usually 60% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and still more preferably 5% by mass or less. is there.
- a favorable rinse characteristic can be acquired by making a moisture content into 60 mass% or less.
- the rinse liquid contains a surfactant.
- a surfactant the same surfactants as those used in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition described later can be used.
- the content of the surfactant is usually 0.001 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 2% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the rinse liquid. .
- the rinse liquid contains an antioxidant. Thereby, generation
- Specific examples and contents of the antioxidant are as described in the above developer.
- the developer and rinse solution can be added with conductive compounds to prevent failure of chemical piping and / or various parts (filters, O-rings, tubes, etc.) due to electrostatic charge and subsequent electrostatic discharge.
- the developer and the rinsing liquid contain a highly polar organic solvent having a relative dielectric constant of 6.0 or more, so that they themselves have an effect of suppressing electrostatic charging.
- the combined use can further suppress electrostatic charging.
- limit especially as an electroconductive compound For example, methanol is mentioned.
- the good addition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less from the viewpoint of maintaining preferable development characteristics.
- SUS or various pipes coated with polyethylene, polypropylene, or fluororesin (polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy resin, etc.) subjected to antistatic treatment can be used.
- polyethylene, polypropylene, or fluororesin (such as polytetrafluoroethylene or perfluoroalkoxy resin) subjected to antistatic treatment can be used for the filter and O-ring.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition contains a resin A (hereinafter also referred to as “resin (A)”).
- the resin (A) is a resin having at least a repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) described later and a repeating unit represented by the general formula (BII) described later.
- Resin (A) has a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (I).
- R 41 , R 42 and R 43 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- R 42 may form a ring with Ar 4, R 42 in this case represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- X 4 represents a single bond, —COO—, or —CONR 64 —, and R 64 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- L 4 represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- Ar 4 represents an (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group, and when bonded to R 42 to form a ring, represents an (n + 2) -valent aromatic ring group.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the alkyl group represented by R 41 , R 42 and R 43 in the general formula (I) is preferably a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec- Examples thereof include alkyl groups having 20 or less carbon atoms such as butyl group, hexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, octyl group and dodecyl group, more preferably alkyl groups having 8 or less carbon atoms, and still more preferably alkyl groups having 3 or less carbon atoms. Can be mentioned.
- the cycloalkyl group represented by R 41 , R 42 and R 43 in the general formula (I) may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Preferred examples include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group, which may have a substituent.
- Examples of the halogen atom of R 41 , R 42 and R 43 in the general formula (I) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group contained in the alkoxycarbonyl group of R 41 , R 42 and R 43 in the general formula (I) the same alkyl groups as those described above for R 41 , R 42 and R 43 are preferable.
- R 42 in the general formula (I) represents an alkylene group
- the alkylene group is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a hexylene group or an octylene group.
- An alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms is still more preferable.
- R 41 , R 42 and R 43 are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Examples of the alkyl group represented by R 64 of X 4 in the general formula (I) include the same alkyl groups as those described above.
- X 4 is preferably a single bond.
- Examples of the alkylene group represented by L 4 in formula (I) include the same alkylene groups as those described above.
- Preferred substituents in each of the above groups include, for example, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, amino groups, amide groups, ureido groups, urethane groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, halogen atoms, alkoxy groups, thioether groups, acyls. Groups, acyloxy groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, cyano groups, nitro groups and the like, and the substituent preferably has 8 or less carbon atoms.
- Ar 4 represents an (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group.
- the divalent aromatic ring group in the case where n is 1 may have a substituent, for example, an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as a phenylene group, a tolylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthracenylene group, or the like.
- Examples of preferred aromatic ring groups include heterocycles such as thiophene, furan, pyrrole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzopyrrole, triazine, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, thiadiazole, thiazole.
- Ar 4 is preferably a phenylene group or a naphthylene group.
- n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group in the case where n is an integer of 2 or more include (n-1) arbitrary hydrogen atoms removed from the above-described specific examples of the divalent aromatic ring group.
- the group formed can be preferably mentioned.
- the (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group may further have a substituent.
- Examples of the substituent that the above-described alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, alkylene group, and (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group may have include R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 in formula (I).
- Examples include alkyl groups such as alkyl groups, methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, hydroxyethoxy groups, propoxy groups, hydroxypropoxy groups, and butoxy groups; aryl groups such as phenyl groups; and the like.
- R 64 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group
- the alkyl group for R 64 in, preferably an optionally substituted methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group , An isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a hexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, a dodecyl group, and the like, and an alkyl group having a carbon number of 8 or less is more preferable.
- X 4 is preferably a single bond, —COO— or —CONH—, and more preferably a single bond or —COO—.
- the alkylene group for L 4 is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as an optionally substituted methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, hexylene group and octylene group.
- Ar 4 is preferably an optionally substituted aromatic ring group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably a benzene ring group, a naphthalene ring group, or a biphenylene ring group.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) preferably has a hydroxystyrene structure or a hydroxynaphthalene structure. That is, Ar 4 is preferably a benzene ring group or a naphthalene ring group.
- N represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably represents an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (p1).
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A plurality of R may be the same or different. As R in the general formula (p1), a hydrogen atom is particularly preferable.
- Ar in the general formula (p1) represents an aromatic ring, for example, an aromatic carbon which may have a substituent having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a fluorene ring, a phenanthrene ring.
- a hydrogen ring or a heterocycle such as a thiophene ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, benzothiophene ring, benzofuran ring, benzopyrrole ring, triazine ring, imidazole ring, benzimidazole ring, triazole ring, thiadiazole ring, thiazole ring, etc.
- aromatic ring heterocycles such as a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring is preferable.
- M in the general formula (p1) represents an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3.
- a represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) may be one type or two or more types in the resin (A).
- the content of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) is excellent in sensitivity to an electron beam or extreme ultraviolet rays, is more suppressed in occurrence of pattern collapse, and has excellent etching resistance.
- the upper limit of content of the repeating unit represented by general formula (I) is not specifically limited, For example, it is 80 mol% or less and 70 mol% or less with respect to all the repeating units in resin (A). Preferably, 60 mol% or less is more preferable.
- Resin (A) has a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (BII).
- R 61 , R 62 and R 63 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- R 62 may be bonded to Ar 6 to form a ring, and R 62 in this case represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- X 6 represents a single bond, —COO—, or —CONR 64 —.
- R 64 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- L 6 represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- Ar 6 represents an (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group, and represents an (n + 2) -valent aromatic ring group when bonded to R 62 to form a ring.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the alkyl group represented by R 61 , R 62 and R 63 in formula (BII) is preferably a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec- Examples thereof include alkyl groups having 20 or less carbon atoms such as butyl group, hexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, octyl group and dodecyl group, more preferably alkyl groups having 8 or less carbon atoms, and still more preferably alkyl groups having 3 or less carbon atoms. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group represented by R 61 , R 62 and R 63 in the general formula (BII) include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the halogen atom of R 61 , R 62 and R 63 in the general formula (BII) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- Examples of the alkyl group contained in the alkoxycarbonyl group of R 61 , R 62 and R 63 in the general formula (BII) include the same alkyl groups as those described above.
- R 62 in the general formula (BII) represents an alkylene group
- the alkylene group is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a hexylene group or an octylene group.
- An alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms is still more preferable.
- R 61 , R 62 and R 63 are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Examples of the alkyl group represented by R 64 of X 6 in the general formula (BII) include the same alkyl groups as those described above.
- X 6 is preferably a single bond.
- Examples of the alkylene group represented by L 6 in the general formula (BII) include the same alkylene groups as those described above.
- Ar 6 represents an (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group.
- the divalent aromatic ring group in the case where n is 1 may have a substituent, for example, an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as a phenylene group, a tolylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthracenylene group, or the like.
- Examples of preferred aromatic ring groups include heterocycles such as thiophene, furan, pyrrole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzopyrrole, triazine, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, thiadiazole, thiazole.
- Ar 4 is preferably a phenylene group or a naphthylene group.
- N represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably represents an integer of 1 to 4, and more preferably represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group in the case where n is an integer of 2 or more include (n-1) arbitrary hydrogen atoms removed from the above-described specific examples of the divalent aromatic ring group.
- the group formed can be preferably mentioned.
- Each of the above groups may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxyl group, an alkoxy group.
- substituents include a carbonyl group (having 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and preferably 8 or less carbon atoms.
- the group capable of leaving by the action of an acid as Y 2 is preferably the following formula (Y1), (Y3) or (Y4).
- Formula (Y1) —C (Rx 1 ) (Rx 2 ) (Rx 3 ) Formula (Y3): —C (R 36 ) (R 37 ) (OR 38 ) Formula (Y4): —C (Rn) (H) (Ar)
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represents an alkyl group (straight or branched) or a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic). However, when all of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are alkyl groups (linear or branched), at least two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are preferably methyl groups. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may combine to form a ring (monocyclic or polycyclic).
- the alkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, or a t-butyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group, polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as norbornyl group, tetracyclodecanyl group, tetracyclododecanyl group and adamantyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, an adamantyl group
- a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, an adamantyl group
- a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as a group is preferred.
- a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring has a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group. It may be replaced.
- Rx 1 is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and Rx 2 and Rx 3 are bonded to form the above-described cycloalkyl group.
- R 36 to R 38 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 37 and R 38 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and an alkenyl group.
- R 36 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- L 1 and L 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group in which an alkylene group and an aryl group are combined.
- M represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Q represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group which may contain a hetero atom, an aryl group which may contain a hetero atom, an amino group, an ammonium group, a mercapto group, a cyano group or an aldehyde group.
- At least one of L 1 and L 2 is a hydrogen atom, and at least one is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group in which an alkylene group and an aryl group are combined. At least two of Q, M, and L 1 may combine to form a ring (preferably a 5-membered or 6-membered ring).
- L 2 is preferably a secondary or tertiary alkyl group, more preferably a tertiary alkyl group.
- Secondary alkyl groups include isopropyl, cyclohexyl, and norbornyl groups, and tertiary alkyl groups include tert-butyl and adamantane.
- Tg and / or activation energy is increased, fogging can be suppressed in addition to ensuring the film strength.
- Ar represents an aromatic ring group.
- Rn represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.
- Rn and Ar may be bonded to each other to form a non-aromatic ring.
- Ar is preferably an aryl group.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (BII) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (BIII).
- Ar 3 represents an aromatic ring group.
- at least one of Y 2 represents a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid.
- the group capable of leaving by the action of an acid as Y 2 is preferably the above formula (Y1), (Y3) or (Y4), and more preferably represented by the formula (Y1).
- N represents an integer of 1 or more, and n is preferably represented by 1 to 4, more preferably 1 or 2.
- the aromatic ring group represented by Ar 3 is preferably a benzene ring group or a naphthalene ring group, and more preferably a benzene ring group.
- At least one of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and the other is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cyclic group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group is preferred. More preferably, two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are combined to form a cycloalkyl group.
- Rx 2 and Rx 3 are combined to form a cycloalkyl group, the activation energy is appropriately reduced, the acid diffusion length is shortened, and the exposure latitude is increased and / or the resolution is improved. Further, the smaller the total carbon number of Rx 1 to Rx 3 , the more advantageous is the outgas performance.
- Y 2 in the general formulas (BII) and (BIII) is more preferable than the above formula (Y3) or (Y4) because the pattern collapse performance is better and the outgas performance is also better.
- the above formula (Y1) it is more preferable that at least two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are bonded to form a ring, because (Y1) is preferable and the pattern collapse performance is further excellent.
- the above formula (Y1) when at least two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are bonded to form a ring, rather than when any of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is a cycloalkyl group, It is preferable because of its excellent outgas performance.
- the formed ring is preferably a cycloalkyl group, and is a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group. More preferably, it is a cyclopentyl group.
- one of Rx 1 to Rx 3 not forming a ring is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- Rx represents a hydrogen atom, CH 3 , CF 3 , or CH 2 OH.
- Rxa and Rxb each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Z represents a substituent containing a polar group, and when there are a plurality of them, each is independent.
- p represents 0 or a positive integer.
- Examples of the substituent containing a polar group represented by Z include a linear or branched alkyl group having a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, an alkylamide group, or a sulfonamide group, and a cycloalkyl group. Is an alkyl group having a hydroxyl group.
- the branched alkyl group is preferably an isopropyl group.
- One type of repeating unit represented by the above general formula (BII) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the repeating unit represented by the above general formula (BII) in the resin (A) (when there are a plurality of types) is 10 mol% or more with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A). 80 mol% or less is preferable, 20 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less is more preferable, and 25 mol% or more and 65 mol% or less is still more preferable.
- the resin (A) is a repeating unit other than the repeating unit represented by the general formula (BII) described above, and a leaving group in which a polar group is decomposed and eliminated by the action of an acid.
- a repeating unit (c) having a structure protected by Examples of the polar group in the repeating unit (c) having a structure (acid-decomposable group) protected by a leaving group that decomposes and leaves by the action of an acid include a carboxyl group, an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and a phenolic group.
- the polar group is preferably a carboxyl group, an alcoholic hydroxyl group, or a phenolic hydroxyl group, and more preferably a carboxyl group or a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- Examples of the leaving group that decomposes and leaves by the action of an acid include groups represented by the following formulas (Y1) to (Y4).
- Rx 1 ⁇ Rx 3 in the formula (Y2) is synonymous with Rx 1 ⁇ Rx 3 in the formula (Y1).
- the repeating unit (c) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (AI) or (AII).
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- T represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Y represents a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid.
- Y is preferably any one of the formulas (Y1) to (Y4) described above.
- the alkyl group represented by Xa 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a methyl group.
- Xa 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Examples of the divalent linking group represented by T include an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable.
- T is preferably a single bond.
- Y 2 in the general formula (AII) is preferably any one of the above-described formulas (Y 1) to (Y 4).
- the content of the repeating unit (c) in the resin (A) is preferably 5 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less with respect to all repeating units in the resin (A). More preferably, it is from mol% to 50 mol%.
- the repeating unit (c) and the general formula (BII) Is preferably 10 mol% or more and 80 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less, and more preferably 25 mol% or more with respect to all repeating units in the resin (A). 65 mol% or less is still more preferable.
- the repeating unit (c) is preferably 5 mol% or more and 75 mol% or less, and preferably 5 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A).
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (BII) is 10 mol% or more and 75 mol% with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A).
- the content is preferably 15 mol% or more and 65 mol% or less, more preferably 15 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less.
- the resin (A) preferably contains a repeating unit having a lactone group or a sultone (cyclic sulfonate ester) group.
- the lactone group or sultone group any group can be used as long as it contains a lactone structure or sultone structure, but a group containing a 5- to 7-membered lactone structure or sultone structure is preferable.
- Those in which other ring structures are condensed in a form forming a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure in a 7-membered lactone structure or a sultone structure are preferred.
- Preferred lactone structures or sultone structures include groups represented by general formulas (LC1-1), (LC1-4), (LC1-5), (LC1-6), (LC1-13), and (LC1-14) It is.
- the lactone structure part or sultone structure part may or may not have a substituent (Rb 2 ).
- Preferred substituents (Rb 2 ) include an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a carboxyl group. , Halogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, acid-decomposable group and the like.
- n2 represents an integer of 0 to 4. When n2 is 2 or more, a plurality of Rb 2 may be the same or different, and a plurality of Rb 2 may be bonded to form a ring.
- repeating unit Having a lactone structure represented by any one of general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-17) or a sultone structure represented by any one of general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3)
- Examples of the repeating unit include a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (AI).
- Rb 0 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred substituents that the alkyl group represented by Rb 0 may have include a hydroxyl group and a halogen atom. Examples of the halogen atom for Rb 0 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Rb 0 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Ab is a single bond, an alkylene group, a divalent linking group having a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, or a divalent group obtained by combining these.
- Preferred is a single bond or a linking group represented by —Ab 1 —CO 2 —.
- Ab 1 is a linear, branched alkylene group, monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group, preferably a methylene group, an ethylene group, a cyclohexylene group, an adamantylene group or a norbornylene group.
- V represents a group represented by any one of the general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-17) and (SL1-1) to (SL1-3).
- the repeating unit having a lactone group or a sultone group usually has an optical isomer, but any optical isomer may be used.
- One optical isomer may be used alone, or a plurality of optical isomers may be mixed and used.
- the optical purity (ee) thereof is preferably 90 or more, more preferably 95 or more.
- repeating unit having a lactone group or a sultone group are given below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the content of the repeating unit having a lactone group or a sultone group is preferably from 1 to 30 mol%, more preferably from 5 to 25 mol%, still more preferably from 5 to 20 mol% based on all repeating units in the resin (A). %.
- the resin (A) further has a repeating unit having an aromatic ring group different from the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) and the repeating unit represented by the general formula (BII). Also good.
- Examples of such a repeating unit having an aromatic ring group include a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (VII).
- R 41 , R 42 and R 43 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- R 42 may be bonded to Q to form a ring (preferably a 5-membered or 6-membered ring), and R 42 in this case represents an alkylene group.
- Q represents a group containing an aromatic ring group.
- Examples of the monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group represented by R 41 , R 42 and R 43 in formula (VII) include monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring groups which may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- a monocyclic monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group which may have a substituent may be mentioned.
- Examples of the halogen atom of R 41 , R 42 and R 43 in formula (VII) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferred.
- Examples of the alkyl group contained in the alkoxycarbonyl group of R 41 , R 42 and R 43 in formula (VII) include the same alkyl groups as those described above.
- the alkylene group is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a hexylene group or an octylene group.
- An alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- R 41 and R 43 in formula (VII) are more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom, and a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group (—CF 3 ), a hydroxymethyl group (—CH 3 ).
- 2- OH), a chloromethyl group (—CH 2 —Cl), and a fluorine atom (—F) are particularly preferred.
- R 42 is more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an alkylene group (forming a ring with Q).
- Q is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- aromatic group represented by Q include the following.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon ring is preferable, and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthranyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a phenanthryl group are more preferable, and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a carbazolyl group are more preferable. is there.
- the substituent is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group.
- R 41 , R 42 and R 43 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- the content of the repeating unit having an aromatic ring group in the resin (A) is preferably 5 to 90 mol%, more preferably 10 to 80 mol%, based on all repeating units. More preferably, it is in the range of 20 to 70 mol%.
- the resin (A) may have other repeating units other than the repeating units described above. Although it does not specifically limit as another repeating unit, for example, the repeating unit containing the organic group which has a polar group, especially the repeating unit which has the alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted by the polar group is mentioned. This improves the substrate adhesion and developer compatibility.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon structure of the alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted with a polar group is preferably an adamantyl group, a diamantyl group, or a norbornane group.
- the polar group is preferably a hydroxyl group or a cyano group. Specific examples of the repeating unit having a polar group are listed below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 30 mol%, more preferably 5%, based on all repeating units in the resin (A). It is ⁇ 25 mol%, more preferably 5 to 20 mol%.
- Resin (A) can be synthesized according to a conventional method (for example, radical polymerization).
- a conventional method for example, radical polymerization
- a monomer polymerization method in which a monomer species and an initiator are dissolved in a solvent and the polymerization is performed by heating, and a solution of the monomer species and the initiator is dropped into the heating solvent over 1 to 10 hours.
- the dropping polymerization method is added, and the dropping polymerization method is preferable.
- reaction solvent examples include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and diisopropyl ether; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate; amide solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; And a solvent capable of dissolving an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and cyclohexanone. More preferably, the polymerization is carried out using the same solvent as that used in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition. Thereby, the generation of particles during storage can be suppressed.
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and diisopropyl ether
- ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl
- the polymerization reaction is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- a polymerization initiator a commercially available radical initiator (azo initiator, peroxide, etc.) is used to initiate the polymerization.
- azo initiator an azo initiator is preferable, and an azo initiator having an ester group, a cyano group, or a carboxyl group is preferable.
- Preferable initiators include azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate) and the like.
- an initiator is added or added in portions, and after completion of the reaction, it is put into a solvent and a desired polymer is recovered by a method such as powder or solid recovery.
- the concentration of the reaction is 5 to 50% by mass, preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the reaction temperature is usually 10 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 30 ° C. to 120 ° C., more preferably 60 to 100 ° C.
- a liquid-liquid extraction method that removes residual monomer and oligomer components by washing with water or a suitable solvent
- purification in a solution state such as ultrafiltration that extracts and removes only those having a specific molecular weight or less
- Reprecipitation method in which residual monomer is removed by coagulating the resin in the poor solvent by dropping the resin solution into the poor solvent; in a solid state such as washing the filtered resin slurry with the poor solvent
- a conventional method such as a purification method of
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin (A) is preferably from 1,000 to 200,000, more preferably from 3,000 to 20,000, still more preferably from 5,000 to 15, in terms of polystyrene by GPC method. 000.
- the degree of dispersion (molecular weight distribution) of the resin (A) is usually 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1.2 to 3.0, and still more preferably 1.2 to 2.0. is there. The smaller the degree of dispersion, the better the resolution and the resist shape, the smoother the side wall of the resist pattern, and the better the roughness.
- resin (A) does not contain the repeating unit which has a group (photo-acid generating group) which generate
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition preferably contains a compound that generates an acid by actinic rays or radiation (hereinafter also referred to as “photo acid generator ⁇ PAG: Photo Acid Generator”).
- the photoacid generator may be in the form of a low molecular compound or may be incorporated in a part of the polymer. Moreover, you may use together the form incorporated in a part of polymer and the form of a low molecular compound.
- the photoacid generator is in the form of a low molecular compound, the molecular weight is preferably 3000 or less, more preferably 2000 or less, and even more preferably 1000 or less.
- the photoacid generator is in a form incorporated in a part of the polymer, it may be incorporated in a part of the resin (A) or in a resin different from the resin (A).
- the photoacid generator is preferably in the form of a low molecular compound.
- the photoacid generator is not particularly limited as long as it is a known one, but upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, preferably electron beams or extreme ultraviolet rays, an organic acid such as sulfonic acid, bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide, or Compounds that generate at least one of tris (alkylsulfonyl) methides are preferred. More preferred examples include compounds represented by the following general formulas (ZI), (ZII), and (ZIII).
- R 201 , R 202 and R 203 each independently represents an organic group.
- the organic group as R 201 , R 202 and R 203 generally has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Two of R 201 to R 203 may be bonded to form a ring structure, and the ring may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, or a carbonyl group.
- Examples of the group formed by combining two members out of R 201 to R 203 include an alkylene group (eg, butylene group, pentylene group).
- Z ⁇ represents a non-nucleophilic anion (an anion having an extremely low ability to cause a nucleophilic reaction).
- Non-nucleophilic anions include, for example, sulfonate anions (aliphatic sulfonate anions, aromatic sulfonate anions, camphor sulfonate anions, etc.), carboxylate anions (aliphatic carboxylate anions, aromatic carboxylate anions, aralkyls). Carboxylate anion, etc.), sulfonylimide anion, bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide anion, tris (alkylsulfonyl) methide anion and the like.
- the aliphatic moiety in the aliphatic sulfonate anion and aliphatic carboxylate anion may be an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and a carbon number. Examples include 3 to 30 cycloalkyl groups.
- the aromatic group in the aromatic sulfonate anion and aromatic carboxylate anion is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aryl group mentioned above may have a substituent. Specific examples thereof include nitro groups, halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, cyano groups, alkoxy groups (preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms), cycloalkyl groups (preferably having 3 to 15 carbon atoms). ), An aryl group (preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms), an acyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms), an alkoxycarbonyloxy group (preferably 2 to 2 carbon atoms).
- an alkylthio group preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- an alkylsulfonyl group preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- an alkyliminosulfonyl group preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- an aryloxysulfonyl group preferably having carbon atoms Number 6 to 20
- alkylaryloxysulfonyl group preferably having 7 to 20 carbon atoms
- cycloalkylary Examples thereof include an oxysulfonyl group (preferably having 10 to 20 carbon atoms), an alkyloxyalkyloxy group (preferably having 5 to 20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkylalkyloxyalkyloxy group (preferably having 8 to 20 carbon atoms), and the like.
- examples of the substituent further include an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 15).
- aralkyl group in the aralkyl carboxylate anion preferably an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms such as benzyl group, phenethyl group, naphthylmethyl group, naphthylethyl group, naphthylbutyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the sulfonylimide anion include saccharin anion.
- the alkyl group in the bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide anion and tris (alkylsulfonyl) methide anion is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- substituents for these alkyl groups include halogen atoms, alkyl groups substituted with halogen atoms, alkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, alkyloxysulfonyl groups, aryloxysulfonyl groups, cycloalkylaryloxysulfonyl groups, and the like.
- a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with a fluorine atom is preferred.
- the alkyl groups in the bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide anion may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. This increases the acid strength.
- non-nucleophilic anions examples include fluorinated phosphorus (eg, PF 6 ⁇ ), fluorinated boron (eg, BF 4 ⁇ ), fluorinated antimony (eg, SbF 6 ⁇ ), and the like. .
- non-nucleophilic anion examples include an aliphatic sulfonate anion in which at least ⁇ -position of the sulfonic acid is substituted with a fluorine atom, an aromatic sulfonate anion substituted with a fluorine atom or a group having a fluorine atom, and an alkyl group having a fluorine atom And a tris (alkylsulfonyl) methide anion in which the alkyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom.
- the non-nucleophilic anion is more preferably a perfluoroaliphatic sulfonate anion (more preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms), a benzenesulfonate anion having a fluorine atom, still more preferably a nonafluorobutanesulfonate anion, or perfluorooctane.
- the pKa of the generated acid is preferably ⁇ 1 or less in order to improve sensitivity.
- non-nucleophilic anion for example, an anion represented by the general formula (AN1) described in paragraphs [0243] to [0251] of JP-A-2015-172767 can be used.
- the contents are incorporated herein.
- the general formula (AN1) is as follows.
- Xf each independently represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group, and when there are a plurality of R 1 and R 2 , they may be the same or different.
- L represents a divalent linking group, and when there are a plurality of L, L may be the same or different.
- A represents a cyclic organic group.
- x represents an integer of 1 to 20
- y represents an integer of 0 to 10
- z represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- a combination of partial structures other than A, SO 3 - -CF 2 -CH 2 -OCO-, SO 3 - -CF 2 -CHF-CH 2 -OCO-, SO 3 - -CF 2 -COO-, SO 3 - -CF 2 -CF 2 -CH 2 -, SO 3 - -CF 2 -CH (CF 3) -OCO- are mentioned as preferred.
- examples of the organic group represented by R 201 , R 202, and R 203 include an aryl group, an alkyl group, and a cycloalkyl group.
- R 201 , R 202 and R 203 at least one is preferably an aryl group, more preferably all three are aryl groups.
- aryl group in addition to a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and the like, a heteroaryl group such as an indole residue and a pyrrole residue can be used.
- Preferred examples of the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group represented by R 201 to R 203 include a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferable examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, and an n-butyl group. More preferable examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group.
- These groups may further have a substituent.
- substituents include nitro groups, halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, cyano groups, alkoxy groups (preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms), cycloalkyl groups (preferably having 3 to 15 carbon atoms). ), An aryl group (preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms), an acyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms), an alkoxycarbonyloxy group (preferably 2 to 2 carbon atoms). 7) and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- R 204 to R 207 each independently represents an aryl group, an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group.
- the aryl group of R 204 to R 207 is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group of R 204 to R 207 may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or the like.
- Examples of the skeleton of the aryl group having a heterocyclic structure include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group in R 204 to R 207 are preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group), carbon Examples thereof include cycloalkyl groups having a number of 3 to 10 (cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group).
- the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 204 to R 207 may have a substituent.
- substituents that the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 204 to R 207 may have include an alkyl group (eg, having 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (eg, having 3 to 15 carbon atoms). ), Aryl groups (for example, having 6 to 15 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (for example, having 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenylthio groups, and the like.
- Z ⁇ represents a non-nucleophilic anion. Specifically, it is the same as that described as Z ⁇ in the general formula (ZI), and the preferred form is also the same.
- the number of fluorine atoms contained in the photoacid generator is appropriately adjusted for the purpose of adjusting the pattern cross-sectional shape. By adjusting the fluorine atoms, it is possible to control the surface uneven distribution of the photoacid generator in the resist film.
- the photoacid generator is unevenly distributed on the surface of the resist film as the photoacid generator has more fluorine atoms.
- the photoacid generator has a volume of 130 to 3 or more by irradiation with an electron beam or extreme ultraviolet rays from the viewpoint of suppressing the diffusion of the acid generated by exposure to the non-exposed portion and improving the resolution.
- (more preferably sulfonic acid) in the size of the acid is a compound which generates, more preferably (more preferably sulfonic acid) acid volume 190 ⁇ 3 or more in size is a compound that generates a volume 270 ⁇ 3 More preferably, the compound generates an acid having a size as described above (more preferably sulfonic acid), and particularly preferably a compound that generates an acid having a volume of 400 3 or more (more preferably sulfonic acid). .
- the volume is preferably 2000 3 or less, and more preferably 1500 3 or less.
- the volume value was determined using “WinMOPAC” manufactured by Fujitsu Limited. That is, first, the chemical structure of the acid according to each example is input, and then the most stable conformation of each acid is determined by molecular force field calculation using the MM3 method with this structure as the initial structure. By performing molecular orbital calculation using the PM3 method for these most stable conformations, the “accessible volume” of each acid can be calculated.
- 1 square is 0.1 nm (nanometer).
- a photo-acid generator can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the content of the photoacid generator in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 50% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition. More preferably, it is 8 to 40% by mass.
- the content of the photoacid generator is preferably high, more preferably 10 to 40% by mass, and most preferably 10 to 35% by mass.
- a solvent in preparing the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition by dissolving the above-described components, a solvent can be used.
- the solvent that can be used include alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylate, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, alkyl lactate ester, alkyl alkoxypropionate, cyclic lactone having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and ring having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
- organic solvents such as monoketone compounds, alkylene carbonates, alkyl alkoxyacetates and alkyl pyruvates.
- alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylate examples include propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate, propylene glycol monoethyl Preferred examples include ether propionate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.
- alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether examples include propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
- alkyl lactate examples include methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate and butyl lactate.
- alkyl alkoxypropionate examples include ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, methyl 3-ethoxypropionate, and ethyl 3-methoxypropionate.
- Examples of the cyclic lactone having 4 to 10 carbon atoms include ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ - Preferred are caprolactone, ⁇ -octanoic lactone, and ⁇ -hydroxy- ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- Examples of the monoketone compound having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally containing a ring include 2-butanone, 3-methylbutanone, pinacolone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 4- Methyl-2-pentanone, 2-methyl-3-pentanone, 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentanone, 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanone, 2 -Hexanone, 3-hexanone, 5-methyl-3-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 2-methyl-3-heptanone, 5-methyl-3-heptanone, 2,6-dimethyl-4 -Heptanone, 2-octanone, 3-octanone, 2-nonanone, 3-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2-decanone, 3-decanone, 4-decanone, 5- Xen-2-one, 3-
- alkylene carbonate examples include propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate.
- alkyl alkoxyacetate examples include 2-methoxyethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, 2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate, 3-methoxy-3-methylbutyl acetate, and 1-methoxy-acetate. 2-propyl is preferred.
- Preferred examples of the alkyl pyruvate include methyl pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate, and propyl pyruvate.
- a solvent which can be preferably used a solvent having a boiling point of 130 ° C.
- the above solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent containing a hydroxyl group include ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethyl lactate, and the like. Particularly preferred are propylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethyl lactate.
- Examples of the solvent not containing a hydroxyl group include propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl ethoxypropionate, 2-heptanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, cyclohexanone, butyl acetate, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl ethoxypropionate, 2-heptanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, cyclohexanone, and butyl acetate are particularly preferable, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl ethoxypropionate.
- the mixing ratio (mass) of the solvent containing a hydroxyl group and the solvent not containing a hydroxyl group is preferably 1/99 to 99/1, more preferably 10/90 to 90/10, still more preferably 20/80 to 60 /. 40.
- a mixed solvent containing 50% by mass or more of a solvent not containing a hydroxyl group is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of coating uniformity.
- the solvent is preferably a mixed solvent of two or more containing propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
- the solvent for example, the solvents described in JP-A-2014-219664, paragraphs 0013 to 0029 can also be used.
- the solvent may contain the isomers of the above-described examples (compounds having the same number of atoms and different structures). Further, only one kind of isomer may be included, or a plurality of isomers may be included.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition preferably contains (E) a basic compound in order to reduce changes in performance over time from exposure to heating.
- a basic compound in order to reduce changes in performance over time from exposure to heating.
- Preferred examples of the basic compound include compounds having a structure represented by the following formulas (A) to (E).
- R 200 , R 201 and R 202 may be the same or different, and are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 20), a cycloalkyl group (preferably a carbon atom). 3 to 20) or an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms), wherein R 201 and R 202 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the alkyl group having a substituent is preferably an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyanoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 203 , R 204 , R 205 and R 206 may be the same or different and each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl groups in the general formulas (A) and (E) are more preferably unsubstituted.
- Preferred compounds include guanidine, aminopyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, piperazine, aminomorpholine, aminoalkylmorpholine, piperidine and the like, and more preferred compounds include imidazole structure, diazabicyclo structure, onium hydroxide structure, onium carboxylate Examples thereof include a compound having a structure, a trialkylamine structure, an aniline structure or a pyridine structure, an alkylamine derivative having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond, and an aniline derivative having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond.
- Examples of the compound having an imidazole structure include imidazole, 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole, benzimidazole and the like.
- Examples of the compound having a diazabicyclo structure include 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,0] non-5-ene, and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0. And undeca-7-ene.
- Examples of the compound having an onium hydroxide structure include triarylsulfonium hydroxide, phenacylsulfonium hydroxide, sulfonium hydroxide having a 2-oxoalkyl group, specifically, triphenylsulfonium hydroxide, tris (t-butylphenyl) sulfonium.
- Examples thereof include hydroxide, bis (t-butylphenyl) iodonium hydroxide, phenacylthiophenium hydroxide, and 2-oxopropylthiophenium hydroxide.
- the compound having an onium carboxylate structure is a compound having an onium hydroxide structure in which the anion moiety is converted to a carboxylate, and examples thereof include acetate, adamantane-1-carboxylate, and perfluoroalkylcarboxylate.
- Examples of the compound having a trialkylamine structure include tri (n-butyl) amine and tri (n-octyl) amine.
- aniline compounds include 2,6-diisopropylaniline, N, N-dimethylaniline, N, N-dibutylaniline, N, N-dihexylaniline and the like.
- alkylamine derivative having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond examples include ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and tris (methoxyethoxyethyl) amine.
- aniline derivatives having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond examples include N, N-bis (hydroxyethyl) aniline.
- Preferred examples of the basic compound further include an amine compound having a phenoxy group and an ammonium salt compound having a phenoxy group.
- amine compound a primary, secondary or tertiary amine compound can be used, and an amine compound in which at least one alkyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom is preferable.
- the amine compound is more preferably a tertiary amine compound.
- the amine compound has an cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or an aryl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms).
- 6 to 12 carbon atoms may be bonded to the nitrogen atom.
- the amine compound preferably has an oxygen atom in the alkyl chain and an oxyalkylene group is formed.
- the number of oxyalkylene groups is one or more in the molecule, preferably 3 to 9, and more preferably 4 to 6.
- an oxyethylene group (—CH 2 CH 2 O—) or an oxypropylene group (—CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 O— or —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—) is preferable, and more preferably an oxyalkylene group Ethylene group.
- ammonium salt compound a primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary ammonium salt compound can be used, and an ammonium salt compound in which at least one alkyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom is preferable.
- the ammonium salt compound may be a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or an aryl group, provided that at least one alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms) is bonded to the nitrogen atom. (Preferably having 6 to 12 carbon atoms) may be bonded to a nitrogen atom.
- the ammonium salt compound preferably has an oxygen atom in the alkyl chain and an oxyalkylene group is formed.
- the number of oxyalkylene groups is one or more in the molecule, preferably 3 to 9, and more preferably 4 to 6.
- an oxyethylene group (—CH 2 CH 2 O—) or an oxypropylene group (—CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 O— or —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—) is preferable, and more preferably an oxyalkylene group Ethylene group.
- the anion of the ammonium salt compound include halogen atoms, sulfonates, borates, and phosphates. Among them, halogen atoms and sulfonates are preferable.
- the halogen atom is particularly preferably chloride, bromide or iodide
- the sulfonate is particularly preferably an organic sulfonate having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the organic sulfonate include alkyl sulfonates having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and aryl sulfonates.
- the alkyl group of the alkyl sulfonate may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkoxy groups, acyl groups, and aryl groups.
- alkyl sulfonate examples include methane sulfonate, ethane sulfonate, butane sulfonate, hexane sulfonate, octane sulfonate, benzyl sulfonate, trifluoromethane sulfonate, pentafluoroethane sulfonate, and nonafluorobutane sulfonate.
- aryl group of the aryl sulfonate include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and an anthracene ring.
- the benzene ring, naphthalene ring and anthracene ring may have a substituent, and the substituent is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the linear or branched alkyl group and cycloalkyl group include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl and the like.
- the other substituent include an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, cyano, nitro, an acyl group, and an acyloxy group.
- An amine compound having a phenoxy group and an ammonium salt compound having a phenoxy group are those having a phenoxy group at the terminal opposite to the nitrogen atom of the alkyl group of the amine compound or ammonium salt compound.
- the phenoxy group may have a substituent.
- the substituent of the phenoxy group include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid ester group, a sulfonic acid ester group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an acyloxy group, and an aryloxy group.
- the substitution position of the substituent may be any of the 2-6 positions.
- the number of substituents may be any in the range of 1 to 5.
- oxyalkylene group between the phenoxy group and the nitrogen atom.
- the number of oxyalkylene groups is one or more in the molecule, preferably 3 to 9, and more preferably 4 to 6.
- an oxyethylene group (—CH 2 CH 2 O—) or an oxypropylene group (—CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 O— or —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—) is preferable, and more preferably an oxyalkylene group Ethylene group.
- the amine compound having a phenoxy group is prepared by reacting a primary or secondary amine having a phenoxy group with a haloalkyl ether by heating, and then adding an aqueous solution of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or tetraalkylammonium. It can be obtained by extraction with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate or chloroform.
- a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, tetraalkylammonium, etc.
- an organic solvent such as chloroform.
- composition according to the present invention has a proton acceptor functional group as a basic compound, and is decomposed by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, resulting in a decrease, disappearance, or a proton acceptor property. It may further contain a compound that generates a compound that has been changed to acidity (hereinafter also referred to as compound (PA)).
- PA acidic property
- a proton acceptor functional group is a group that can interact electrostatically with a proton or a functional group having an electron, such as a functional group having a macrocyclic structure such as a cyclic polyether, and contributing to ⁇ conjugation. It means a functional group having a nitrogen atom with an unshared electron pair.
- the nitrogen atom having an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to ⁇ conjugation is, for example, a nitrogen atom having a partial structure represented by the following general formula.
- Examples of a preferable partial structure of the proton acceptor functional group include a crown ether, an azacrown ether, a primary to tertiary amine, a pyridine, an imidazole, and a pyrazine structure.
- the compound (PA) is decomposed by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation to generate a compound whose proton acceptor property is lowered, disappeared, or changed from proton acceptor property to acidity.
- the decrease or disappearance of the proton acceptor property or the change from the proton acceptor property to the acid is a change in the proton acceptor property caused by the addition of a proton to the proton acceptor functional group.
- a proton adduct is formed from a compound having a proton acceptor functional group (PA) and a proton, the equilibrium constant in the chemical equilibrium is reduced.
- Specific examples of the compound (PA) include the following compounds. Furthermore, as specific examples of the compound (PA), for example, those described in paragraphs 0421 to 0428 of JP2014-41328A and paragraphs 0108 to 0116 of JP2014-134686A can be used. The contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the amount of the basic compound used is usually 0.001 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, based on the solid content of the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the molar ratio is preferably 2.5 or more from the viewpoint of sensitivity and resolution, and is preferably 300 or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the reduction in resolution due to the thickening of the resist pattern over time until post-exposure heat treatment.
- the photoacid generator / basic compound (molar ratio) is more preferably from 5.0 to 200, still more preferably from 7.0 to 150.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition may have a hydrophobic resin (A ′) separately from the resin (A).
- the hydrophobic resin is preferably designed to be unevenly distributed on the surface of the resist film. However, unlike the surfactant, it is not always necessary to have a hydrophilic group in the molecule, and the polar / nonpolar substance is uniformly mixed. There is no need to contribute. Examples of the effect of adding the hydrophobic resin include control of the static / dynamic contact angle of the resist film surface with respect to water, suppression of outgas, and the like.
- the hydrophobic resin has at least one of “fluorine atom”, “silicon atom”, and “CH 3 partial structure contained in the side chain portion of the resin” from the viewpoint of uneven distribution in the film surface layer. It is preferable to have two or more types.
- the hydrophobic resin preferably contains a hydrocarbon group having 5 or more carbon atoms. These groups may be present in the main chain of the resin or may be substituted on the side chain.
- the fluorine atom and / or silicon atom in the hydrophobic resin may be contained in the main chain of the resin or in the side chain. It may be.
- the hydrophobic resin when it contains a fluorine atom, it may be a resin having an alkyl group having a fluorine atom, a cycloalkyl group having a fluorine atom, or an aryl group having a fluorine atom as a partial structure having a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group having a fluorine atom preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- the cycloalkyl group having a fluorine atom is a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom, and may further have a substituent other than a fluorine atom.
- the aryl group having a fluorine atom include those in which at least one hydrogen atom of an aryl group such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom, and may further have a substituent other than a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the repeating unit having a fluorine atom or a silicon atom include those exemplified in paragraph 0519 of US2012 / 0251948A1.
- the hydrophobic resin preferably includes a CH 3 partial structure in the side chain portion.
- the CH 3 partial structure contained in the side chain portion of the hydrophobic resin is intended to encompass CH 3 partial structure an ethyl group, and a propyl group having.
- methyl groups directly bonded to the main chain of the hydrophobic resin (for example, ⁇ -methyl groups of repeating units having a methacrylic acid structure) contribute to the uneven distribution of the surface of the hydrophobic resin due to the influence of the main chain. Since it is small, it is not included in the CH 3 partial structure in the present invention.
- hydrophobic resin those described in JP 2011-248019 A, JP 2010-175859 A, and JP 2012-032544 A can also be preferably used.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition may further contain a surfactant (F).
- a surfactant By containing a surfactant, when an exposure light source having a wavelength of 250 nm or less, particularly 220 nm or less, is used, it is possible to form a pattern with less adhesion and development defects with good sensitivity and resolution. Become.
- the surfactant it is particularly preferable to use a fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactant. Examples of the fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactant include surfactants described in [0276] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425.
- F top EF301 or EF303 (manufactured by Shin-Akita Kasei Co., Ltd.); Florard FC430, 431 or 4430 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.); Megafac F171, F173, F176, F189, F113, F110, F177, F120 or R08 (manufactured by DIC Corporation); Surflon S-382, SC101, 102, 103, 104, 105 or 106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.); Troisol S-366 (manufactured by Troy Chemical Co., Ltd.); GF-300 or GF-150 (manufactured by Toa Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.), Surflon S-393 (manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.); 01 (manufactured by Gemco); PF636, PF656, PF6320 or PF6520 (manufactured by OMNOVA); or
- the surfactant is a fluoroaliphatic compound produced by a telomerization method (also referred to as a telomer method) or an oligomerization method (also referred to as an oligomer method). You may synthesize. Specifically, a polymer having a fluoroaliphatic group derived from this fluoroaliphatic compound may be used as a surfactant. This fluoroaliphatic compound can be synthesized, for example, by the method described in JP-A-2002-90991. Further, surfactants other than fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactants described in [0280] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425 may be used.
- surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition contains a surfactant
- the content thereof is preferably 0 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.0001, based on the total solid content of the composition. It is ⁇ 2 mass%, more preferably 0.0005 to 1 mass%.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition is a compound that promotes solubility in a dissolution inhibiting compound, a dye, a plasticizer, a photosensitizer, a light absorber, and / or a developer (for example, a molecular weight of 1000 or less).
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition may further contain a dissolution inhibiting compound.
- the “dissolution inhibiting compound” is a compound having a molecular weight of 3000 or less, which is decomposed by the action of an acid to reduce the solubility in an organic developer.
- organic carboxylic acids described in paragraphs [0040] to [0043] of International Publication No. 2015/151759 may be added to the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the added organic carboxylic acid neutralizes the basic compound in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, prevents alkali decomposition over time of the resin (A) and the hydrophobic resin (A ′), and is stable over time. Improves.
- an upper layer film (top coat film) may be formed on the resist film. It is preferable that the upper layer film is not mixed with the resist film and can be uniformly applied to the upper layer of the resist film.
- the upper layer film is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known upper layer film can be formed by a conventionally known method.
- the upper layer film can be formed based on the description in paragraphs 0072 to 0082 of JP-A-2014-059543.
- a hydrophobic resin or the like can be used in addition to the polymer described in paragraph 0072 of JP-A-2014-059543.
- the hydrophobic resin for example, the above-described hydrophobic resin (A ′) can be used.
- a developer containing an organic solvent is used in the development step, for example, it is preferable to form an upper layer film containing a basic compound on the resist film as described in JP2013-61648A, for example.
- the basic compound that can be contained in the upper layer film include a basic compound (E).
- the upper layer film preferably contains a compound containing at least one group or bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, a thioether bond, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a carbonyl bond and an ester bond.
- the upper layer film may contain a photoacid generator.
- photoacid generator As a photo-acid generator, the thing similar to the photo-acid generator (for example, photoacid generator (B) mentioned above) which can be contained in actinic-ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition can be used.
- the resin that is preferably used for the upper layer film (top coat film) will be described.
- the composition for forming an upper layer film preferably contains a resin.
- the resin that can be contained in the composition for forming an upper layer film is not particularly limited, but is a hydrophobic resin (for example, the hydrophobic resin (A ′ described above) that can be included in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition. )) Can be used.
- a hydrophobic resin for example, the hydrophobic resin (A ′ described above) that can be included in the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition. )
- the hydrophobic resin [0017] to [0023] of JP2013-61647A (corresponding [0017] to [0023] of US Patent Publication No. 2013/244438) and JP2014-56194A. [0016] to [0165] can be referred to, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the composition for forming an upper layer film preferably contains a resin containing a repeating unit having an aromatic ring.
- a repeating unit having an aromatic ring By containing a repeating unit having an aromatic ring, the generation efficiency of secondary electrons and the efficiency of acid generation from a compound that generates an acid by actinic rays or radiation, particularly during electron beam or EUV exposure, is increased. High sensitivity and high resolution can be expected during formation.
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin is preferably 3000 to 100,000, more preferably 3000 to 30000, and still more preferably 5000 to 20000.
- the amount of the resin in the composition for forming the upper layer film is preferably 50 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 60 to 99.0% by mass, and still more preferably 70 to 99.7% by mass in the total solid content. 80 to 99.5% by mass is particularly preferable.
- topcoat composition When the composition for forming an upper layer film (topcoat composition) includes a plurality of resins, it is preferable to include at least one resin (XA) having a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom.
- the preferred range of the content of fluorine atoms and silicon atoms contained in the resin (XA) is preferably such that the repeating unit containing fluorine atoms and / or silicon atoms is 10 to 100% by mass in the resin (XA). It is preferably ⁇ 99 mol%, more preferably 20 to 80 mol%.
- the composition for forming an upper layer film includes at least one resin (XA) having a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom and a resin (XB) having a fluorine atom and / or silicon atom content smaller than the resin (XA). Is more preferable. Thereby, when the upper layer film is formed, the resin (XA) is unevenly distributed on the surface of the upper layer film, so that performance such as development characteristics and / or immersion liquid followability can be improved.
- the content of the resin (XA) is preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, based on the total solid content contained in the upper layer film-forming composition, 8% by mass is more preferable, and 0.1 to 5% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the content of the resin (XB) is preferably 50.0 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 60 to 99.9% by mass, based on the total solid content contained in the composition for forming an upper layer film, and 70 to 99.9% by mass is more preferable, and 80 to 99.9% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the resin (XB) a form that substantially does not contain a fluorine atom and a silicon atom is preferable.
- the total content of the repeating unit having a fluorine atom and the repeating unit having a silicon atom is, It is preferably 0 to 20 mol%, more preferably 0 to 10 mol%, still more preferably 0 to 5 mol%, particularly preferably 0 to 3 mol%, ideally with respect to all repeating units in the resin (XB). Is 0 mol%, that is, does not contain fluorine atoms or silicon atoms.
- the composition for forming an upper layer film is preferably filtered by dissolving each component in a solvent.
- the filter is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon having a pore size of 0.1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or less. Note that a plurality of types of filters may be connected in series or in parallel.
- the composition may be filtered a plurality of times, and the step of filtering a plurality of times may be a circulation filtration step. Furthermore, you may perform a deaeration process etc. with respect to a composition before and after filter filtration.
- the composition for forming an upper layer film does not contain impurities such as metals.
- the content of the metal component contained in these materials is preferably 10 ppm or less, more preferably 5 ppm or less, still more preferably 1 ppm or less, and particularly preferably (not more than the detection limit of the measuring device). .
- the upper layer film is disposed between the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film and the immersion liquid, and the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film is directly formed. It also functions as a layer that does not come into contact with the immersion liquid.
- preferable properties of the upper layer film include suitability for application to an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film, transparency to radiation, particularly 193 nm, and immersion liquid (preferably Poorly soluble in water). Further, it is preferable that the upper layer film is not mixed with the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film and can be uniformly applied to the surface of the actinic-ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film.
- the composition for forming the upper layer film is used.
- the composition for forming the upper layer film is used.
- the solvent that does not dissolve the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film it is more preferable to use a solvent having a component different from that of the developer containing the organic solvent (organic developer).
- the method for applying the composition for forming the upper layer film is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known spin coat method, spray method, roller coat method, dipping method, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the upper layer film is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 nm to 300 nm, preferably 10 nm to 300 nm, more preferably 20 nm to 200 nm, still more preferably 30 nm to 100 nm from the viewpoint of transparency to the exposure light source. .
- the substrate is heated (PB) as necessary.
- the refractive index of the upper layer film is preferably close to the refractive index of the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film from the viewpoint of resolution.
- the upper layer film is preferably insoluble in the immersion liquid, and more preferably insoluble in water.
- the receding contact angle of the upper layer film is preferably 50 to 100 degrees, more preferably 80 to 100 degrees, from the viewpoint of immersion liquid followability. More preferred.
- immersion exposure the immersion head needs to move on the wafer following the movement of the exposure head to scan the wafer at high speed to form an exposure pattern.
- the contact angle of the immersion liquid with respect to the light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film is important, and in order to obtain better resist performance, it is preferable to have a receding contact angle in the above range.
- an organic developer may be used, or a separate release agent may be used.
- a solvent having a small penetration into the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film is preferable. It is preferable that the upper layer film can be peeled off with an organic developer in that the upper layer film can be peeled off simultaneously with the development of the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film.
- the organic developer used for peeling is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve and remove the low-exposed portion of the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film.
- the dissolution rate of the upper layer film in the organic developer is preferably 1 to 300 nm / sec, more preferably 10 to 100 nm / sec.
- the dissolution rate of the upper layer film with respect to the organic developer is a rate of film thickness reduction when the upper layer film is formed and then exposed to the developer.
- the film was immersed in butyl acetate at 23 ° C. Speed.
- the line edge of the pattern after developing the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film probably due to the effect of reducing the exposure unevenness during the immersion exposure. There is an effect that the roughness becomes better.
- the upper layer film may be removed using another known developer, for example, an alkaline aqueous solution.
- the aqueous alkali solution that can be used include an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
- Actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition and various materials used in the pattern formation method of the present invention preferably does not contain impurities such as metals, metal salts containing halogens, acids, alkalis, sulfur-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds and the like.
- the content of impurities contained in these materials is preferably 1 ppm or less, more preferably 1 ppb or less, still more preferably 100 ppt or less, particularly preferably 10 ppt or less, and substantially free (below the detection limit of the measuring device). Is most preferable.
- Examples of a method for removing impurities such as metals from the various materials include filtration using a filter.
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or less, and still more preferably 3 nm or less.
- a filter made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon is preferable.
- the filter may be a composite material obtained by combining these materials and ion exchange media.
- a filter that has been washed in advance with an organic solvent may be used.
- a plurality of types of filters may be connected in series or in parallel. When a plurality of types of filters are used, filters having different pore diameters and / or materials may be used in combination.
- various materials may be filtered a plurality of times, and the step of filtering a plurality of times may be a circulating filtration step.
- a purification process by distillation (particularly, thin film distillation, molecular distillation, etc.) can be exemplified.
- the purification process by distillation is, for example, “ ⁇ Factory Operation Series> Augmentation / Distillation, issued July 31, 1992, Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.” and “Chemical Engineering Handbook, Issued September 30, 2004, Asakura Shoten, p. 95- Page 102 ".
- a raw material having a low metal content is selected as a raw material constituting the various materials, and filter filtration is performed on the raw materials constituting the various materials.
- examples thereof include a method in which the inside of the apparatus is lined with Teflon (registered trademark), and distillation is performed under a condition in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible.
- Preferred conditions for filter filtration performed on the raw materials constituting various materials are the same as those described above.
- impurities may be removed with an adsorbent, or a combination of filter filtration and adsorbent may be used.
- the adsorbent known adsorbents can be used.
- inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon can be used.
- the developer and / or rinse liquid (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “processing liquid” for convenience) preferably has a sulfur-containing compound content of 10 mmol / L or less. Thereby, generation
- the amount of the sulfur-containing compound is further reduced in the treatment liquid used in a later process, that is, it is preferable that the amount of the sulfur-containing compound is further reduced in the rinse liquid.
- the content (concentration) of the sulfur-containing compound is more preferably 2.5 mmol / L or less, further preferably 1.0 mmol / L or less, and most preferably not contained. preferable.
- the processing liquid is put in a state where the stopper of the container (for example, the container described in JP-A-2014-112176) is closed.
- the stopper of the container for example, the container described in JP-A-2014-112176
- substantially does not contain means that it is not detected when the content (concentration) of the sulfur-containing compound is measured by a method that can be measured (for example, a measurement method described later) (below the detection limit value). Say something).
- the lower limit of the content (concentration) of the sulfur-containing compound is most preferably not substantially contained as described above.
- the content of the sulfur-containing compound may be 0.01 mmol / L or more.
- the sulfur-containing compound in the present invention is mainly an organic substance containing a sulfur element originally contained as an impurity in the components constituting the treatment liquid.
- sulfur-containing compounds with close boiling points such as benzothiophene and 3-methylbenzothiophene cannot be completely removed even after the petroleum fractional purification process. It tends to remain in trace amounts.
- Examples of the sulfur-containing compound contained in the treatment liquid include thiols, sulfides, and thiophenes. Among them, a sulfur compound having a boiling point of 190 ° C. or higher (particularly 220 ° C. or higher, more preferably 280 ° C. or higher) can be given.
- Specific examples of thiols include methanethiol, ethanethiol (ethyl mercaptan), 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, and furfurylthiol (furyl mercaptan).
- sulfides include dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, diisopropyl trisulfide, bis (2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide, and the like.
- thiophenes include variously substituted alkylthiophenes, benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, phenanthrothiophenes, benzonaphthothiophenes, thiophene sulfides, and the like.
- benzothiophenes for example, benzothiophene or 3-methylbenzothiophene, etc.
- the content of the sulfur-containing compound in the treatment liquid can be measured, for example, using a method defined in JIS K2541-6: 2013 “Sulfur content test method (ultraviolet fluorescence method)”.
- the present inventors also have a compound containing phosphorus (hereinafter referred to as “phosphorus-containing compound”) by interacting with a component contained in the resist pattern in the same manner as the above-described sulfur-containing compound. It has been found that even after drying, it does not volatilize and remains on the resist pattern surface, which is likely to cause foreign matter defects. Therefore, the content of the compound containing phosphorus (hereinafter referred to as “phosphorus-containing compound”) in the processing solution (developer and / or rinsing solution) is preferably 10 mmol / L or less, and is 2.5 mmol / L or less. More preferably, it is 1.0 mmol / L or less, and it is particularly preferable that a compound containing substantially no phosphorus is contained.
- substantially does not contain means that it is not detected when the content (concentration) of the phosphorus-containing compound is measured by a method that can be measured (for example, a measurement method described later) (below the detection limit value). Say something).
- a minimum of content (concentration) of a phosphorus containing compound it is most preferable not to contain substantially.
- the treatment such as distillation is excessively performed in order to reduce the content of the phosphorus-containing compound, the cost increases.
- the content of the phosphorus-containing compound may be 0.01 mmol / L or more.
- the phosphorus-containing compound is mainly an organic substance containing a phosphorus element originally contained as an impurity in components constituting the treatment liquid and / or an organic substance containing a phosphorus element mixed during handling of the treatment liquid.
- phosphoric acid and the phosphorus catalyst organic phosphine, organic phosphine oxide, etc. which were used in order to synthesize
- the content of the compound containing phosphorus in the treatment liquid can be quantified by absorptiometry as total phosphorus based on the method defined in JIS K0102: 2013.
- the content can be individually quantified using, for example, gas chromatography.
- the treatment liquid can further reduce the content of the sulfur-containing compound and / or the phosphorus-containing compound by performing distillation and / or filtration of the organic solvent to be used.
- the present invention also relates to an electronic device manufacturing method including the pattern forming method of the present invention described above.
- An electronic device manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electronic device according to the present invention is suitably mounted on, for example, electrical and electronic equipment such as home appliances, OA (Office Automation) related equipment, media related equipment, optical equipment, and communication equipment. .
- electrical and electronic equipment such as home appliances, OA (Office Automation) related equipment, media related equipment, optical equipment, and communication equipment.
- the weight average molecular weight by GPC was 13000, and the molecular weight dispersity (Mw / Mn) was 1.49.
- Photoacid generator (B) As the photoacid generator, the following were used.
- resist composition The components shown in Tables 13 to 18 below were dissolved in the solvents shown in the same table. This was filtered using a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 0.03 ⁇ m to obtain a resist composition.
- composition for forming upper layer film Each component shown in Table 19 below was dissolved in the solvent shown in the same table. This was filtered using a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 0.03 ⁇ m to obtain a composition for forming an upper layer film.
- MIBC represents methyl isobutyl carbinol.
- the resins V-1 to V-4 and 1b and the additive X1 used for obtaining the composition for forming the upper layer film are shown below. Additives other than these are the same as those described above.
- the composition ratios, weight average molecular weights, and dispersities of the resins V-1 to V-4 and 1b are shown in Table 20 below.
- EUV exposure was performed by changing the exposure amount through a mask containing a pattern for forming a line and space pattern (L / S pattern) having a pitch of 40 nm and a width of 20 nm on the wafer. .
- the rinse process was performed by spraying the rinse liquid (23 degreeC) for 15 second at the flow volume of 200 mL / min, rotating a wafer by 50 rotations (rpm). Finally, the wafer was dried by high-speed rotation at 2500 rotations (rpm) for 60 seconds.
- the rinse liquid of the following Table 22 was used as a rinse liquid. Tables 23 to 27 below show the rinse solutions used in each example.
- ⁇ Resolution (pattern collapse performance)> The resolution of the line-and-space pattern exposed at different exposure doses was observed with a scanning electron microscope (S-9380II manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) at a magnification of 200 k, and the pattern collapsed within the observed field of view. The minimum line width (unit: nm) where no occurrence occurred was obtained and used as an index of pattern collapse. The smaller this value, the better the pattern collapse performance (that is, the occurrence of pattern collapse is suppressed).
- ⁇ Outgas performance> The amount of volatile outgas under vacuum exposure was quantified as the film thickness reduction rate. More specifically, the exposure is performed at a dose 2.0 times that at the time of pattern preparation, and the film thickness after exposure and before PEB is measured by an optical interference type film thickness meter (manufactured by Dainippon Screen, VM-8200). The rate of change from the unexposed film thickness was determined using the following equation. It can be said that the smaller the value of the fluctuation rate, the smaller the outgas amount, and the better the performance. Practically, it is preferably “A”, “B” or “C”, and more preferably “A” or “B”.
- Film thickness fluctuation rate (%) [(film thickness at unexposed ⁇ film thickness after exposure) / film thickness at unexposed] ⁇ 100 “A”: Film thickness variation rate less than 5% “B”: Film thickness variation rate: 5% or more and less than 10% “C”: Film thickness variation rate: 10% or more and less than 15% “D”. ⁇ Thickness fluctuation rate: 15% or more
- Examples 1 to 240 had good pattern collapse performance and etching resistance.
- Comparative Example 2 using the composition NR2 containing the resin (R-2) lacking, the pattern collapse performance and the etching resistance were insufficient.
- an example in which the content of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) is large contains an example in which the content is small (for example, the resin (A-3)).
- the composition N10, N13 or N14 it was found that the pattern collapse performance tends to be better and the etching resistance tends to be better.
- Examples 163 to 240 This was the same in Examples 163 to 240.
- Examples in which the content of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) is large are examples in which this content is low (for example, Example 183 using the composition N109 containing the resin (A-39)).
- the pattern collapse performance tends to be better and the etching resistance tends to be better.
- Rx 1 to Examples in which two of Rx 3 are bonded to form a ring are examples in which they do not form a ring (for example, compositions N15 to N containing resins (A-4) to (A-7)) It was found that the pattern collapse performance tends to be more excellent as compared with Examples 40 to 52) using N22.
- Examples 163 to 240 The same applies to Examples 163 to 240. That is, when the group (Y 2 ) leaving by the action of an acid in the repeating unit represented by the general formula (BII) is the above formula (Y1), two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are bonded to form a ring. Examples in which these are not ring-formed (for example, Example 219 using composition N134 containing resin (A-55) and resin (A-62) It was found that the pattern collapse performance tends to be more excellent as compared with Example 235) using the contained composition N145.
- Rx 1 to Examples in which two of Rx 3 are bonded to form a ring are examples in which any of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is a cycloalkyl group (for example, resins (A-12), (A-14) and As compared with Examples 79 and 82 to 89) using compositions N44 and N47 to N53 containing (A-15), it was found that the outgas performance tends to be excellent.
- Examples 1 to 162 when Examples 1 to 162 are viewed, the example in which the group (Y 2 ) leaving by the action of an acid in the repeating unit represented by the general formula (BII) is the above-described formula (Y1) is more preferable.
- Examples of formula (Y3) described above for example, Examples 114 to 121 using compositions N69 to N76 containing resins (A-22) to (A-24)
- formula (Y Y4) for example, Examples 142 to 143 using compositions N90 to N91 containing resin (A-29)
- the pattern collapse performance is better and the outgas performance It turns out that it tends to be excellent.
- resist patterns were formed by the following operation.
- the rinse treatment was performed by spraying the rinse liquid (23 ° C.) at a flow rate of 200 mL / min for 15 seconds while rotating the wafer at 50 revolutions (rpm). Finally, the wafer was dried by high-speed rotation at 2500 rotations (rpm) for 60 seconds.
- compositions N1 to N149 containing resins (A-1) to (A-65) were evaluated using compositions N1 to N149 containing resins (A-1) to (A-65) in the same manner as described above except that KrF excimer laser light was used. Similar results are obtained.
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Abstract
Description
より詳細には、本発明は、IC(Integrated Circuit、集積回路)等の半導体製造工程、液晶及びサーマルヘッド等の回路基板の製造、さらにはその他のフォトファブリケーションのリソグラフィー工程などに使用されるパターン形成方法、及び、上記パターン形成方法を含む電子デバイスの製造方法に関する。
より具体的には、以下の構成により上記目的を達成することができることを見出した。
[2]上記一般式(I)におけるAr4及び上記一般式(BII)におけるAr6が、それぞれ独立に、フェニレン基又はナフチレン基である、上記[1]に記載のパターン形成方法。
[3]上記一般式(I)におけるX4及び上記一般式(BII)におけるX6が、それぞれ独立に、単結合である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載のパターン形成方法。
[4]上記樹脂A中の全繰り返し単位に対する、上記一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位の含有量が、10モル%以上80モル%以下である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[5]上記樹脂A中の全繰り返し単位に対する、上記一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位の含有量が、25モル%以上65モル%以下である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[6]上記樹脂A中の全繰り返し単位に対する、上記一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位の含有量が、10モル%以上80モル%以下である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[7]上記一般式(BII)におけるY2が、後述する式(Y1)で表される基である、上記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[8]上記式(Y1)において、Rx1~Rx3の少なくとも2つが結合して環を形成している、上記[7]に記載のパターン形成方法。
[9]上記樹脂Aが、芳香環基を有する繰り返し単位をさらに有する、上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[10]上記樹脂Aが、ラクトン基又はスルトン基を有する繰り返し単位をさらに有する、上記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[11]上記感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物が、活性光線又は放射線により酸を発生する化合物をさらに含有する、上記[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[12]上記現像液が、ケトン系溶剤及びエステル系溶剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機溶剤を含む、上記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[13]上記露光された膜を、上記現像液を用いて現像した後、リンス液を用いて洗浄する工程をさらに有し、上記リンス液が、ケトン系溶剤、エーテル系溶剤、及び、炭化水素系溶剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機溶剤を含む、上記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法。
[14]上記[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
本明細書に於ける基(原子団)の表記に於いて、置換及び無置換を記していない表記は、置換基を有さないものと共に置換基を有するものをも包含するものである。例えば、「アルキル基」とは、置換基を有さないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも包含するものである。
本明細書中における「活性光線」又は「放射線」とは、例えば、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV光)、X線、電子線(EB)等を意味する。また、本発明において光とは、活性光線又は放射線を意味する。
また、本明細書中における「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、水銀灯、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線、X線、EUV光などによる露光のみならず、電子線、イオンビーム等の粒子線による描画も露光に含める。
本願明細書において「~」とはその前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む意味で使用される。
装置:東ソー社製 HLC-8320GPC
カラム:東ソー社製 TSK-GEL G3000PWXL
展開溶媒:THF(テトラヒドロフラン)
本発明のパターン形成方法は、後述する感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物(以下「レジスト組成物」ともいう)を用いて膜を形成する工程、上記膜を露光する工程、及び、上記露光された膜を、有機溶剤を含む現像液を用いて現像してパターンを形成する工程を有するパターン形成方法である。
その理由は、以下のように推測される。すなわち、レジスト組成物に含有される後述する樹脂Aが、芳香環基を有する後述する一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位と、同じく芳香環基を有する後述する一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位とを有することで、このようなレジスト組成物を用いて形成されるパターンのエッチング耐性が向上すると考えられる。
また、パターンが上記樹脂Aを含有することで、現像液に対する膨潤が抑制され、その結果、パターン倒れの発生が抑制できると考えられる。膨潤が抑制された理由は定かではないが、一般式(I)及び一般式(BII)がともに芳香環基を有するため、それら芳香族環基の間の相互作用が強固となり、現像液の浸透が抑制されたと推定している。なお、パターンのエッチング耐性が良好になるので、膜厚を薄くすることができ、このような薄膜化によっても、パターン倒れの発生を抑制できる。
膜形成工程は、後述する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて膜(以下「レジスト膜」又は「感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜」ともいう)を形成する工程であり、例えば次の方法により行なうことができる。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて基板上にレジスト膜を形成するためには、後述する各成分を溶剤に溶解して感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を調製し、必要に応じてフィルター濾過した後、基板上に塗布する。フィルターとしては、例えば、ポアサイズ0.1ミクロン以下、好ましくは0.05ミクロン以下、より好ましくは0.03ミクロン以下のポリテトラフロロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、ナイロン製のフィルターである。
加熱温度は、80~180℃が好ましく、80~150℃がより好ましく、80~140℃が更に好ましく、80~130℃が特に好ましい。加熱時間は、30~1000秒が好ましく、60~800秒がより好ましく、60~600秒が更に好ましい。
例えば30nm以下のサイズの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンを解像させるためには、形成されるレジスト膜の膜厚が50nm以下であることが好ましい。膜厚が50nm以下であれば、後述する現像工程を適用した際に、パターン倒れがより起こりにくくなり、より優れた解像性能が得られる。
膜厚の範囲としてより好ましくは、15nm以上45nm以下の範囲である。膜厚が15nm以上であれば、より良好なエッチング耐性が得られる。膜厚の範囲としてより好ましくは、15nm以上40nm以下である。
露光工程は、上記レジスト膜を露光する工程であり、例えば次の方法により行なうことができる。
形成したレジスト膜に、所定のマスクを通して活性光線又は放射線を照射する。なお、電子ビームの照射では、マスクを介さない描画(直描)が一般的である。
活性光線又は放射線としては特に限定されないが、例えばKrFエキシマレーザー、ArFエキシマレーザー、EUV光(Extreme Ultra Violet)、電子線(EB、Electron Beam)等である。露光は液浸露光であってもよい。
後述する樹脂(A)を用いる本発明のパターン形成方法においては、いずれの活性光線又は放射線であっても使用できる。
本発明のパターン形成方法においては、露光後、現像を行なう前にベーク(加熱)を行なうことが好ましい。ベークにより露光部の反応が促進され、感度及び/又はパターン形状がより良好となる。
加熱温度は80~150℃が好ましく、80~140℃がより好ましく、80~130℃が更に好ましい。
加熱時間は30~1000秒が好ましく、60~800秒がより好ましく、60~600秒が更に好ましい。
加熱は通常の露光機又は現像機に備わっている手段で行なうことができ、ホットプレート等を用いて行なってもよい。
現像工程は、露光された上記レジスト膜を、有機溶剤を含む現像液を用いてによって現像してパターンを形成する工程である。現像工程では、レジスト膜における未露光部が現像液によって溶解し、いわゆるネガ型のパターンが形成される。
また、現像を行なう工程の後に、他の溶媒に置換しながら、現像を停止する工程を実施してもよい。
現像時間は未露光部の樹脂が十分に溶解する時間であれば特に制限はなく、通常は10~300秒であり、好ましくは20~120秒である。
現像液の温度は0~50℃が好ましく、15~35℃がより好ましい。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、上記現像工程の後に、リンス工程をさらに有していてもよい。リンス工程においては、現像を行なったウエハを、後述するリンス液を用いて洗浄(リンス)処理することが好ましい。
洗浄処理の方法は特に限定されないが、たとえば、一定速度で回転している基板上にリンス液を吐出しつづける方法(回転吐出法)、リンス液が満たされた槽中に基板を一定時間浸漬する方法(ディップ法)、基板表面にリンス液を噴霧する方法(スプレー法)、などを適用することができ、この中でも回転吐出方法で洗浄処理を行ない、洗浄後に基板を2000rpm~4000rpmの回転数で回転させ、リンス液を基板上から除去することが好ましい。
リンス時間には特に制限はないが、通常は10秒~300秒であり、好ましくは10秒~180秒であり、より好ましくは20秒~120秒である。
リンス液の温度は0~50℃が好ましく、15~35℃がより好ましい。
さらに、現像処理又はリンス処理又は超臨界流体による処理の後、パターン中に残存する溶剤を除去するために加熱処理を行なうことができる。加熱温度は、良好なレジストパターンが得られる限り特に限定されるものではなく、通常40~160℃である。加熱温度は50~150℃が好ましく、50~110℃がより好ましい。加熱時間に関しては良好なレジストパターンが得られる限り特に限定されないが、通常15~300秒であり、好ましくは、15~180秒である。
本発明のパターン形成方法に使用される現像液およびリンス液は、有機溶剤を含有し、さらに、酸化防止剤及び/又は界面活性剤を含有することが好ましい。
以下、現像液、リンス液の順に、これらに含まれる成分及び含まれ得る成分について、詳細に説明する。
現像液は、上述した現像工程で用いられ、有機溶剤を含有することから有機系現像液ということもできる。
有機溶剤の蒸気圧(混合溶媒である場合は全体としての蒸気圧)は、20℃に於いて、5kPa以下が好ましく、3kPa以下がより好ましく、2kPa以下が更に好ましい。
有機溶剤の蒸気圧を5kPa以下にすることにより、現像液の基板上あるいは現像カップ内での蒸発が抑制され、ウエハ面内の温度均一性が向上し、結果としてウエハ面内の寸法均一性が良化する。
現像液に用いられる有機溶剤としては、種々の有機溶剤が広く使用されるが、たとえば、エステル系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤、エーテル系溶剤および炭化水素系溶剤等の溶剤を用いることができる。
特に、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤及びエーテル系溶剤から選択される少なくとも1種類の溶剤を含有する現像液であることが好ましい。
また、炭化水素系溶剤としては、不飽和炭化水素系溶剤も用いることができ、例えば、オクテン、ノネン、デセン、ウンデセン、ドデセン、ヘキサデセン等の不飽和炭化水素系溶剤が挙げられる。不飽和炭化水素溶剤が有する二重結合、三重結合の数は特に限定されず、また、炭化水素鎖のどの位置に有してもよい。また、不飽和炭化水素溶剤が二重結合を有する場合には、cis体及びtrans体が混在していてもよい。
なお、炭化水素系溶剤である脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤においては、同じ炭素数で異なる構造の化合物の混合物であってもよい。例えば、脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒としてデカンを使用した場合、同じ炭素数で異なる構造の化合物である2-メチルノナン、2,2-ジメチルオクタン、4-エチルオクタン、イソオクタンなどが脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒に含まれていてもよい。
また、上記同じ炭素数で異なる構造の化合物は、1種のみが含まれていてもよいし、上記のように複数種含まれていてもよい。
上記エステル系溶剤のヘテロ原子は、炭素原子及び水素原子以外の原子であって、例えば、酸素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子等が挙げられる。ヘテロ原子数は、2以下が好ましい。
炭素原子数が7以上かつヘテロ原子数が2以下のエステル系溶剤の好ましい例としては、酢酸アミル、酢酸イソアミル、酢酸2-メチルブチル、酢酸1-メチルブチル、酢酸ヘキシル、プロピオン酸ペンチル、プロピオン酸ヘキシル、プロピオン酸ヘプチル、ブタン酸ブチルなどが挙げられ、酢酸イソアミルを用いることがより好ましい。
エステル系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合には、エステル系溶剤として酢酸イソアミルを用いることが好ましい。また、炭化水素系溶剤としては、レジスト膜の溶解性を調製するという観点から、飽和炭化水素溶剤(例えば、オクタン、ノナン、デカン、ドデカン、ウンデカン、ヘキサデカンなど)を用いることが好ましい。
ケトン系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合には、ケトン系溶剤として2-ヘプタノンまたはジイソブチルケトンを用いることが好ましい。また、炭化水素系溶剤としては、レジスト膜の溶解性を調製するという観点から、飽和炭化水素溶剤(例えば、オクタン、ノナン、デカン、ドデカン、ウンデカン、ヘキサデカンなど)を用いることが好ましい。
また、エステル系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合、ケトン系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合には、炭化水素系溶剤として不飽和炭化水素系溶剤も用いることができ、例えば、オクテン、ノネン、デセン、ウンデセン、ドデセン、ヘキサデセン等の不飽和炭化水素系溶剤が挙げられる。不飽和炭化水素溶剤が有する二重結合、三重結合の数は特に限定されず、また、炭化水素鎖のどの位置に有してもよい。
また、不飽和炭化水素溶剤が二重結合を有する場合には、cis体及びtrans体が混在していてもよい。
上記の混合溶剤を用いる場合において、炭化水素系溶剤の含有量は、レジスト膜の溶剤溶解性に依存するため、特に限定されず、適宜調製して必要量を決定すればよい。
現像液における有機溶剤(複数混合の場合は合計)の濃度は、好ましくは50質量%以上、より好ましくは50~100質量%、さらに好ましくは85~90質量%以上、特に好ましくは95~100質量%である。最も好ましくは、実質的に有機溶剤のみからなる場合である。なお、実質的に有機溶剤のみからなる場合とは、微量の界面活性剤、酸化防止剤、安定剤、消泡剤などを含有する場合を含むものとする。
エステル系溶剤としては、後述する一般式(S1)で表される溶剤又は後述する一般式(S2)で表される溶剤を用いることがより好ましく、一般式(S1)で表される溶剤を用いることが更に好ましく、酢酸アルキルを用いることが特に好ましく、酢酸ブチル、酢酸アミル(酢酸ペンチル)、酢酸イソアミル(酢酸イソペンチル)を用いることが最も好ましい。
R及びR’についてのアルキル基、アルコキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基の炭素数は、1~15の範囲であることが好ましく、シクロアルキル基の炭素数は、3~15であることが好ましい。
R及びR’としては水素原子又はアルキル基が好ましく、R及びR’についてのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、及びRとR’とが互いに結合して形成する環は、水酸基、カルボニル基を含む基(例えば、アシル基、アルデヒド基、アルコキシカルボニル等)、シアノ基などで置換されていてもよい。
一般式(S1)で表される溶剤としては、酢酸アルキルであることが好ましく、酢酸ブチル、酢酸アミル(酢酸ペンチル)、酢酸イソアミル(酢酸イソペンチル)であることがより好ましく、酢酸イソアミルであることがさらに好ましい。
R’’及びR’’’’は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、ヒドロキシル基、シアノ基又はハロゲン原子を表す。R’’及びR’’’’は、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
R’’及びR’’’’は、水素原子又はアルキル基であることが好ましい。R’’及びR’’’’についてのアルキル基、アルコキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基の炭素数は、1~15の範囲であることが好ましく、シクロアルキル基の炭素数は、3~15であることが好ましい。
R’’’は、アルキレン基又はシクロアルキレン基を表す。R’’’は、アルキレン基であることが好ましい。R’’’についてのアルキレン基の炭素数は、1~10の範囲であることが好ましい。R’’’についてのシクロアルキレン基の炭素数は、3~10の範囲であることが好ましい。
R’’及びR’’’’についてのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、R’’’についてのアルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、及びR’’とR’’’’とが互いに結合して形成する環は、水酸基、カルボニル基を含む基(例えば、アシル基、アルデヒド基、アルコキシカルボニル等)、シアノ基などで置換されていてもよい。
これらの中でも、R’’及びR’’’’が無置換のアルキル基であり、R’’’が無置換のアルキレン基であることが好ましく、R’’及びR’’’’がメチル基及びエチル基のいずれかであることがより好ましく、R’’及びR’’’’がメチル基であることが更により好ましい。
用いることができるエーテル系溶剤としては、前述のエーテル系溶剤が挙げられ、このなかでも芳香環を一つ以上含むエーテル系溶剤が好ましく、下記一般式(S3)で表される溶剤がより好ましく、更に好ましくはアニソールである。
RSは、アルキル基を表す。アルキル基としては、炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましく、メチル基又はエチル基がより好ましく、メチル基が更に好ましい。
現像液は、界面活性剤を含有することが好ましい。これにより、レジスト膜に対する濡れ性が向上して、現像がより効果的に進行する。
界面活性剤としては、後述する感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に用いられる界面活性剤と同様のものを用いることができる。
界面活性剤の含有量は、現像液の全質量に対して、通常0.001~5質量%、好ましくは0.005~2質量%、より好ましくは0.01~0.5質量%である。
現像液は、酸化防止剤を含有することが好ましい。これにより、経時的な酸化剤の発生を抑制でき、酸化剤の含有量をより低下できる。
アミン系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、特開2013-124266号公報の段落[0038]に記載されたナフチルアミン系酸化防止剤、フェニレンジアミン系酸化防止剤、ジフェニルアミン系酸化防止剤、および、フェノチアジン系酸化防止剤を援用することができ、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
フェノール系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、特開2013-124266号公報の段落[0038]に記載されたフェノール系酸化防止剤を援用することができ、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の現像液は、塩基性化合物を含有することが好ましい。塩基性化合物の具体例としては、後に述べる感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物が含み得る塩基性化合物(E)として例示する化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の現像液に含まれ得る塩基性化合物としては、例えば、特開2013-011858号公報の段落[0009]および[0031]~[0050]に記載された式(1)で表される化合物を援用することができ、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
SP値(Fedors法)=[(各置換基の凝集エネルギーの和)/(各置換基の体積の和)]0.5
なお、本発明において、上記の含窒素化合物は、1種のみを使用してもよいし、化学構造が異なる2種以上を併用してもよい。
リンス液は、上述したリンス工程で用いられ、有機溶剤を含有することから有機系リンス液ということもできる。
本発明のリンス液に含まれる有機溶剤としては、種々の有機溶剤が用いられるが、炭化水素系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤及びエーテル系溶剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の有機溶剤を用いることが好ましい。
これらの有機溶剤の具体例は、上記現像液で説明した有機溶剤と同様である。
なお、上記脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤の炭素原子数の上限値は特に限定されないが、例えば、16以下が挙げられ、14以下が好ましく、12以下がより好ましい。
上記脂肪側炭化水素系溶剤の中でも、好ましくは、デカン、ウンデカン、ドデカンであり、より好ましくはウンデカンである。
尚、リンス液に含まれる炭化水素系溶剤として不飽和炭化水素系溶剤も用いることができ、例えば、オクテン、ノネン、デセン、ウンデセン、ドデセン、ヘキサデセン等の不飽和炭化水素系溶剤が挙げられる。不飽和炭化水素溶剤が有する二重結合、三重結合の数は特に限定されず、また、炭化水素鎖のどの位置に有してもよい。また、不飽和炭化水素溶剤が二重結合を有する場合には、cis体及びtrans体が混在していてもよい。
このようにリンス液に含まれる有機溶剤として炭化水素系溶剤(特に脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤)を用いることで、現像後にわずかにレジスト膜に染み込んでいた現像液が洗い流されて、膨潤がより抑制され、パターン倒れが抑制されるという効果が一層発揮される。
エステル系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合には、エステル系溶剤として酢酸ブチル、酢酸イソアミルを用いることが好ましい。また、炭化水素系溶剤としては、上記効果が一層発揮されるという点から、飽和炭化水素溶剤(例えば、デカン、ドデカン、ウンデカン、ヘキサデカンなど)を用いることが好ましい。
ケトン系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合には、ケトン系溶剤として2-ヘプタノンを用いることが好ましい。また、炭化水素系溶剤としては、上記効果が一層発揮されるという点から、飽和炭化水素溶剤(例えば、デカン、ドデカン、ウンデカン、ヘキサデカンなど)を用いることが好ましい。
また、エステル系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合、ケトン系溶剤と炭化水素系溶剤とを組み合わせて用いる場合には、炭化水素系溶剤として不飽和炭化水素系溶剤も用いることができ、例えば、オクテン、ノネン、デセン、ウンデセン、ドデセン、ヘキサデセン等の不飽和炭化水素系溶剤が挙げられる。不飽和炭化水素溶剤が有する二重結合、三重結合の数は特に限定されず、また、炭化水素鎖のどの位置に有してもよい。
また、不飽和炭化水素溶剤が二重結合を有する場合には、cis体及びtrans体が混在していてもよい。
リンス液が、エステル系溶剤及びケトン系溶剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する場合、酢酸ブチル、酢酸イソペンチル(酢酸イソアミル)、酢酸n-ペンチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル(EEP、エチル-3-エトキシプロピオネート)、及び2-ヘプタノンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の溶剤を主成分として含有することが好ましく、酢酸ブチル及び2-ヘプタノンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の溶剤を主成分として含有することがより好ましい。
また、リンス液が、エステル系溶剤及びケトン系溶剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する場合、エステル系溶剤、グリコールエーテル系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤からなる群より選択される溶剤を副成分として含有することが好ましく、中でも、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)、酢酸エチル、乳酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、シクロヘキサノン、メチルエチルケトン、γ-ブチロラクトン、プロパノール、3-メトキシ-1-ブタノール、N-メチルピロリドン、プロピレンカーボネートからなる群より選択される溶剤がより好ましい。
この中でも、有機溶剤としてエステル系溶剤を用いる場合には、上記効果が一層発揮されるという点から、2種以上のエステル系溶剤を用いることが好ましい。この場合の具体例としては、エステル系溶剤(好ましくは酢酸ブチル)を主成分として、これとは化学構造が異なるエステル系溶剤(好ましくは、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA))を副成分として用いることが挙げられる。
また、有機溶剤としてエステル系溶剤を用いる場合には、上記効果が一層発揮されるという点から、エステル系溶剤(1種又は2種以上)に加えて、グリコールエーテル系溶剤を用いてもよい。この場合の具体例としては、エステル系溶剤(好ましくは、酢酸ブチル)を主成分として、グリコールエーテル系溶剤(好ましくはプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME))を副成分として用いることが挙げられる。
有機溶剤としてケトン系溶剤を用いる場合には、上記効果が一層発揮されるという点から、ケトン系溶剤(1種又は2種以上)に加えて、エステル系溶剤及び/又はグリコールエーテル系溶剤を用いてもよい。この場合の具体例としては、ケトン系溶剤(好ましくは2-ヘプタノン)を主成分として、エステル系溶剤(好ましくは、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA))及び/又はグリコールエーテル系溶剤(好ましくはプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME))を副成分として用いることが挙げられる。
ここで、上記の「主成分」とは、有機溶剤の全質量に対する含有量が、50~100質量%であることをいい、好ましくは70~100質量%、より好ましくは80~100質量%、さらに好ましくは90~100質量%、特に好ましくは95~100質量%であることをいう。
また、副成分を含有する場合には、副成分の含有量は、主成分の全質量(100質量%)に対して、0.1~20質量%であることが好ましく、0.5~10質量%であることがより好ましく、1~5質量%であることがさらに好ましい。
エーテル系溶剤としては、例えば、水酸基を含有するグリコールエーテル系溶剤の他、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテルなどの水酸基を含有しないグリコールエーテル系溶剤;アニソール、フェネトールなどの芳香族エーテル溶剤;ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、パーフルオロ-2-ブチルテトラヒドロフラン、パーフルオロテトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、シクロペンチルイソプロピルエーテル、シクロペンチルsec-ブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルtert-ブチルエーテル、シクロヘキシルイソプロピルエーテル、シクロヘキシルsec-ブチルエーテル、シクロヘキシルtert-ブチルエーテルなどの環式脂肪族エーテル系溶剤;ジ-n-プロピルエーテル、ジ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジ-n-ペンチルエーテル、ジ-n-ヘキシルエーテルなどの直鎖アルキル基を有する非環式脂肪族エーテル系溶剤;ジイソヘキシルエーテル、メチルイソペンチルエーテル、エチルイソペンチルエーテル、プロピルイソペンチルエーテル、ジイソアミルエーテル(ジイソペンチルエーテル)、メチルイソブチルエーテル、エチルイソブチルエーテル、プロピルイソブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、エチルイソプロピルエーテル、メチルイソプロピルエーテル、ジイソヘキシルエーテルなどの分岐アルキル基を有する非環式脂肪族エーテル系溶剤;等が挙げられる。中でも好ましくは、ウェハの面内均一性の観点から、炭素数8~12の非環式脂肪族エーテル系溶剤であり、より好ましくは、炭素数8~12の分岐アルキル基を有する非環式脂肪族エーテル系溶剤である。更に好ましくは、ジイソブチルエーテル、ジイソアミルエーテル(ジイソペンチルエーテル)又はジイソヘキシルエーテルである。
リンス液は、界面活性剤を含有することが好ましい。これにより、レジスト膜に対する濡れ性が向上して、洗浄効果がより向上する傾向にある。
界面活性剤としては、後述する感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に用いられる界面活性剤と同様のものを用いることができる。
界面活性剤の含有量は、リンス液の全質量に対して、通常0.001~5質量%、好ましくは0.005~2質量%、より好ましくは0.01~0.5質量%である。
リンス液は、酸化防止剤を含有することが好ましい。これにより、経時的な酸化剤の発生を抑制でき、酸化剤の含有量をより低下できる。酸化防止剤の具体例及び含有量については、上記の現像液で述べた通りである。
なお、現像液及びリンス液は、比誘電率が6.0以上の高極性の有機溶媒を含有するため、それ自体でも静電気の帯電を抑制する効果があるが、上述の導電性の化合物との併用によってより一層、静電気の帯電を抑制することができる。
導電性の化合物としては特に制限されないが、例えば、メタノールが挙げられる。添加良は特に制限されないが、好ましい現像特性を維持する観点で、10質量%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは、5質量%以下である。薬液配管の部材に関しては、SUS、或いは帯電防止処理の施されたポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、又はフッ素樹脂(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、パーフロオロアルコキシ樹脂など)で被膜された各種配管を用いることができる。フィルター及びO-リングに関しても同様に、帯電防止処理の施されたポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、又はフッ素樹脂(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、パーフロオロアルコキシ樹脂など)を用いることができる。
次に、本発明のパターン形成方法に使用する感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物について詳細に説明する。
感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、樹脂A(以下「樹脂(A)」ともいう)を含有する。樹脂(A)は、少なくとも、後述する一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位と、後述する一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位とを有する樹脂である。
樹脂(A)は、下記一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位を有する。
R41、R42及びR43は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。但し、R42はAr4と結合して環を形成していてもよく、その場合のR42は単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
X4は、単結合、-COO-、又は-CONR64-を表し、R64は、水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。
L4は、単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
Ar4は、(n+1)価の芳香環基を表し、R42と結合して環を形成する場合には(n+2)価の芳香環基を表す。
nは、1以上の整数を表す。
一般式(I)におけるR41、R42、R43のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子が挙げられ、フッ素原子が好ましい。
一般式(I)におけるR41、R42、R43のアルコキシカルボニル基に含まれるアルキル基としては、上記R41、R42、R43におけるアルキル基と同様のものが好ましい。
一般式(I)におけるL4が表すアルキレン基としては、上記アルキレン基と同様のアルキレン基が挙げられる。
これらのうち、Ar4は、フェニレン基又はナフチレン基であることが好ましい。
(n+1)価の芳香環基は、更に置換基を有していてもよい。
X4により表わされる-CONR64-(R64は、水素原子、アルキル基を表す)におけるR64のアルキル基としては、好ましくは置換基を有していてもよいメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、ヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、オクチル基、ドデシル基など炭素数20以下のアルキル基が挙げられ、より好ましくは炭素数8以下のアルキル基が挙げられる。
X4としては、単結合、-COO-、-CONH-が好ましく、単結合、-COO-がより好ましい。
Ar4としては、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~18の芳香環基が好ましく、ベンゼン環基、ナフタレン環基、ビフェニレン環基がより好ましい。
一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位は、ヒドロキシスチレン構造またはヒドロキシナフタレン構造を備えていることが好ましい。即ち、Ar4は、ベンゼン環基またはナフタレン環基であることが好ましい。
一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位の含有量の上限は、特に限定されないが、樹脂(A)中の全繰り返し単位に対して、例えば、80モル%以下であり、70モル%以下が好ましく、60モル%以下がより好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、下記一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位を有する。
R61、R62及びR63は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。但し、R62はAr6と結合して環を形成していてもよく、その場合のR62は単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
X6は、単結合、-COO-、又は-CONR64-を表す。R64は、水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。
L6は、単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
Ar6は、(n+1)価の芳香環基を表し、R62と結合して環を形成する場合には(n+2)価の芳香環基を表す。
Y2は、n=1の場合には酸の作用により脱離する基を表し、n≧2の場合には各々独立に、水素原子又は酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。但し、Y2の少なくとも1つは、酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。
nは、1以上の整数を表す。
一般式(BII)におけるR61、R62及びR63のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子が挙げられ、フッ素原子が好ましい。
一般式(BII)におけるR61、R62及びR63のアルコキシカルボニル基に含まれるアルキル基としては、上記アルキル基と同様のアルキル基が挙げられる。
一般式(BII)におけるL6が表すアルキレン基としては、上記アルキレン基と同様のアルキレン基が挙げられる。
これらのうち、Ar4は、フェニレン基又はナフチレン基であることが好ましい。
式(Y3):-C(R36)(R37)(OR38)
式(Y4):-C(Rn)(H)(Ar)
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して、環(単環若しくは多環)を形成してもよい。
Rx1~Rx3のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、t-ブチル基などの炭素数1~4のものが好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基などの単環のシクロアルキル基、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、アダマンチル基などの多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基などの単環のシクロアルキル基、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、アダマンチル基などの多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
一般式(Y1)で表される繰り返し単位は、例えば、Rx1がメチル基又はエチル基であり、Rx2とRx3とが結合して上述のシクロアルキル基を形成している態様が好ましい。
Mは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Qは、アルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいシクロアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアリール基、アミノ基、アンモニウム基、メルカプト基、シアノ基又はアルデヒド基を表す。
L1及びL2うち少なくとも1つは水素原子であり、少なくとも1つはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、又はアルキレン基とアリール基とを組み合わせた基であることが好ましい。
Q、M、L1の少なくとも2つが結合して環(好ましくは、5員若しくは6員環)を形成してもよい。
パターン倒れ性能の向上にはL2が2級又は3級アルキル基であることが好ましく、3級アルキル基がより好ましい。2級アルキル基は、イソプロピル基、シクロヘキシル基、及び、ノルボルニル基、3級アルキル基は、tert-ブチル基及びアダマンタンを挙げることができる。これらの態様では、Tg及び/又は活性化エネルギーが高くなるため、膜強度の担保に加え、かぶりの抑制ができる。
Ar3は、芳香環基を表す。
Y2は、n=1の場合には酸の作用により脱離する基を表し、n≧2の場合には各々独立に、水素原子又は酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。但し、Y2の少なくとも1つは、酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。Y2としての酸の作用により脱離する基は、上記式(Y1)、(Y3)又は(Y4)であることが好ましく、式(Y1)で表されることがより好ましい。
また、上記式(Y1)において、Rx1~Rx3のいずれかがシクロアルキル基である場合よりも、Rx1~Rx3の少なくとも2つが結合して環を形成している場合の方が、アウトガス性能に優れるという理由から、好ましい。
具体例中、Rxは、水素原子、CH3、CF3、又はCH2OHを表す。Rxa、Rxbは各々炭素数1~4のアルキル基を表す。Zは、極性基を含む置換基を表し、複数存在する場合は各々独立である。pは0又は正の整数を表す。Zにより表される極性基を含む置換基としては、例えば、水酸基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アルキルアミド基又はスルホンアミド基を有する、直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基が挙げられ、好ましくは、水酸基を有するアルキル基である。分岐状アルキル基としてはイソプロピル基が好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、好ましい一実施形態において、さらに、上述した一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位以外の繰り返し単位であって、極性基が酸の作用により分解し脱離する脱離基で保護された構造を有する繰り返し単位(c)を有する。
極性基が酸の作用により分解し脱離する脱離基で保護された構造(酸分解性基)を有する繰り返し単位(c)における極性基としては、例えば、カルボキシル基、アルコール性水酸基、フェノール性水酸基、及び、スルホン酸基等が挙げられる。この中でも、極性基は、カルボキシル基、アルコール性水酸基、又は、フェノール性水酸基であることが好ましく、カルボキシル基、又は、フェノール性水酸基であることがより好ましい。
なお、樹脂(A)が、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を有すると、酸の作用によりアルカリ現像液に対する溶解度が増大し、有機溶剤に対する溶解度が減少する。
式(Y1):-C(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y2):-C(=O)OC(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y3):-C(R36)(R37)(OR38)
式(Y4):-C(Rn)(H)(Ar)
これらのうち、式(Y1)、(Y3)及び(Y4)は、上述した一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位におけるY2としての式(Y1)、(Y3)及び(Y4)と同義である。
また、式(Y2)中のRx1~Rx3は、式(Y1)中のRx1~Rx3と同義である。
Xa1は、水素原子、又はアルキル基を表す。
Tは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Yは、酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。Yは、上述した式(Y1)~(Y4)のいずれかであることが好ましい。
Xa1が表すアルキル基としては、炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましく、メチル基又はエチル基がより好ましく、メチル基が更に好ましい。Xa1は、水素原子又はメチル基が好ましい。
Tが表す2価の連結基としては、例えば、炭素数1~8のアルキレン基が挙げられ、炭素数1~4のアルキレン基が好ましい。Tは、単結合であることが好ましい。
一般式(AII)中のY2は、上述した式(Y1)~(Y4)のいずれかであることが好ましい。
樹脂(A)における繰り返し単位(c)の含有量(複数種類含有する場合はその合計)は、樹脂(A)中の全繰り返し単位に対して、5モル%以上60モル%以下が好ましく、10モル%以上50モル%以下がより好ましい。
この場合において、繰り返し単位(c)は、樹脂(A)中の全繰り返し単位に対して、5モル%以上75モル%以下であることが好ましく、5モル%以上60モル%以下であることがより好ましく、10モル%以上50モル%以下であることが更に好ましく、一般式(BII)で表わされる繰り返し単位は、樹脂(A)中の全繰り返し単位に対して、10モル%以上75モル%以下であることが好ましく、15モル%以上65モル%以下であることがより好ましく、15モル%以上60モル%以下であることが更に好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、ラクトン基又はスルトン(環状スルホン酸エステル)基を有する繰り返し単位を含有することが好ましい。ラクトン基又はスルトン基としては、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を含有していればいずれの基でも用いることができるが、好ましくは5~7員環ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を含有する基であり、5~7員環ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造にビシクロ構造、スピロ構造を形成する形で他の環構造が縮環しているものが好ましい。
下記一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-17)のいずれかで表されるラクトン構造又は下記一般式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)のいずれかで表されるスルトン構造を有する基を有する繰り返し単位を有することがより好ましい。また、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する基が主鎖に直接結合していてもよい。好ましいラクトン構造又はスルトン構造としては一般式(LC1-1)、(LC1-4)、(LC1-5)、(LC1-6)、(LC1-13)、(LC1-14)で表される基である。
Rb0のアルキル基が有していてもよい好ましい置換基としては、水酸基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
Rb0のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、沃素原子を挙げることができる。Rb0は、水素原子又はメチル基が好ましい。
Abは、単結合、アルキレン基、単環又は多環の脂環炭化水素構造を有する2価の連結基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、又はこれらを組み合わせた2価の基を表す。好ましくは、単結合、-Ab1-CO2-で表される連結基である。Ab1は、直鎖、分岐アルキレン基、単環又は多環のシクロアルキレン基であり、好ましくは、メチレン基、エチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、アダマンチレン基、ノルボルニレン基である。
Vは、一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-17)及び(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)のうちのいずれかで示される基を表す。
樹脂(A)は、上記一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位、及び、上記一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位とは異なる、芳香環基を有する繰り返し単位をさらに有していてもよい。そのような芳香環基を有する繰り返し単位としては、例えば、下記一般式(VII)で表される繰り返し単位を挙げることができる。
式(VII)におけるR41、R42及びR43のアルキル基としては、好ましくは置換基を有していてもよいメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、ヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、オクチル基、ドデシル基など炭素数20以下のアルキル基が挙げられ、より好ましくは炭素数8以下のアルキル基、特に好ましくは炭素数3以下のアルキル基が挙げられる。
式(VII)におけるR41、R42及びR43の1価の脂肪族炭化水素環基としては、単環型でも、多環型でもよい1価の脂肪族炭化水素環基が挙げられる。好ましくは置換基を有していてもよいシクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基のような炭素数3~8個で単環型の1価の脂肪族炭化水素環基が挙げられる。
式(VII)におけるR41、R42及びR43のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子が挙げられ、フッ素原子が好ましい。
式(VII)におけるR41、R42及びR43のアルコキシカルボニル基に含まれるアルキル基としては、上記アルキル基と同様のアルキル基が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)中の芳香環基を有する繰り返し単位の含有量は、全繰り返し単位に対して、5~90モル%の範囲で含有することが好ましく、より好ましくは10~80モル%の範囲であり、更に好ましくは20~70モル%の範囲である。
樹脂(A)は、上述した繰り返し単位以外のその他の繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。その他の繰り返し単位としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、極性基を有する有機基を含有する繰り返し単位、特に、極性基で置換された脂環炭化水素構造を有する繰り返し単位が挙げられる。これにより基板密着性、現像液親和性が向上する。
極性基で置換された脂環炭化水素構造の脂環炭化水素構造としてはアダマンチル基、ジアマンチル基、ノルボルナン基が好ましい。極性基としては水酸基、シアノ基が好ましい。極性基を有する繰り返し単位の具体例を以下に挙げるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
反応溶媒としては、例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、ジイソプロピルエーテルなどのエーテル類;メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトンなどのケトン類;酢酸エチルなどのエステル溶媒;ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド溶剤;後述のプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、シクロヘキサノンなどの感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を溶解する溶媒;等が挙げられる。より好ましくは感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に用いられる溶剤と同一の溶剤を用いて重合することが好ましい。これにより保存時のパーティクルの発生が抑制できる。
反応温度は、通常10℃~150℃であり、好ましくは30℃~120℃、より好ましくは60~100℃である。
精製は、例えば、水洗または適切な溶媒を組み合わせることにより残留単量体およびオリゴマー成分を除去する液液抽出法;特定の分子量以下のもののみを抽出除去する限外ろ過等の溶液状態での精製方法;樹脂溶液を貧溶媒へ滴下することで樹脂を貧溶媒中に凝固させることにより残留単量体等を除去する再沈殿法;濾別した樹脂スラリーを貧溶媒で洗浄する等の固体状態での精製方法;等の通常の方法を適用できる。
樹脂(A)の分散度(分子量分布)は、通常1~5であり、好ましくは1~3、より好ましくは1.2~3.0、更に好ましくは1.2~2.0の範囲である。分散度が小さいほど、解像度、レジスト形状が優れ、且つレジストパターンの側壁がスムーズであり、ラフネス性に優れる。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、活性光線又は放射線により酸を発生する化合物(以下、「光酸発生剤《PAG:Photo Acid Generator》」ともいう)を含有することが好ましい。
光酸発生剤は、低分子化合物の形態であってもよく、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態であってもよい。また、低分子化合物の形態と重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態を併用してもよい。
光酸発生剤が、低分子化合物の形態である場合、分子量が3000以下であることが好ましく、2000以下であることがより好ましく、1000以下であることが更に好ましい。
光酸発生剤が、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態である場合、樹脂(A)の一部に組み込まれてもよく、樹脂(A)とは異なる樹脂に組み込まれてもよい。
光酸発生剤としては、公知のものであれば特に限定されないが、活性光線又は放射線、好ましくは電子線又は極紫外線の照射により、有機酸、例えば、スルホン酸、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミド、又はトリス(アルキルスルホニル)メチドの少なくともいずれかを発生する化合物が好ましい。
より好ましくは下記一般式(ZI)、(ZII)、(ZIII)で表される化合物を挙げることができる。
R201、R202及びR203は、各々独立に、有機基を表す。
R201、R202及びR203としての有機基の炭素数は、一般的に1~30、好ましくは1~20である。
また、R201~R203のうち2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル結合、アミド結合、カルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203の内の2つが結合して形成する基としては、アルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基)を挙げることができる。
Z-は、非求核性アニオン(求核反応を起こす能力が著しく低いアニオン)を表す。
各基が有するアリール基及び環構造については、置換基として更にアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~15)を挙げることができる。
また、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミドアニオンにおけるアルキル基は、互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。これにより、酸強度が増加する。
なお、一般式(AN1)は、以下のとおりである。
Xfは、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、又は少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基を表す。
R1、R2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、又は、アルキル基を表し、複数存在する場合のR1、R2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Lは、二価の連結基を表し、複数存在する場合のLは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Aは、環状の有機基を表す。
xは1~20の整数を表し、yは0~10の整数を表し、zは0~10の整数を表す。
R201、R202及びR203のうち、少なくとも1つがアリール基であることが好ましく、三つ全てがアリール基であることがより好ましい。アリール基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基などの他に、インドール残基、ピロール残基などのヘテロアリール基も可能である。R201~R203のアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基としては、好ましくは、炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基を挙げることができる。アルキル基として、より好ましくはメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基等を挙げることができる。シクロアルキル基として、より好ましくは、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロへプチル基等を挙げることができる。これらの基は更に置換基を有していてもよい。その置換基としては、ニトロ基、フッ素原子などのハロゲン原子、カルボキシル基、水酸基、アミノ基、シアノ基、アルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1~15)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~14)、アルコキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~7)、アシル基(好ましくは炭素数2~12)、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数2~7)等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
一般式(ZII)、(ZIII)中、R204~R207は、各々独立に、アリール基、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
R204~R207のアリール基としてはフェニル基、ナフチル基が好ましく、更に好ましくはフェニル基である。R204~R207のアリール基は、酸素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子等を有する複素環構造を有するアリール基であってもよい。複素環構造を有するアリール基の骨格としては、例えば、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、インドール、ベンゾフラン、ベンゾチオフェン等を挙げることができる。
R204~R207におけるアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基としては、好ましくは、炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基)、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基(シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、ノルボニル基)を挙げることができる。
光酸発生剤は、光酸発生剤が有するフッ素原子が多いほど、レジスト膜の表面に偏在する。
光酸発生剤の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物中の含有量は、組成物の全固形分を基準として、0.1~50質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは5~50質量%、更に好ましくは8~40質量%である。特に、電子線又は極紫外線露光の際に高感度化、高解像性を両立するには光酸発生剤の含有率は高いほうが好ましく、更に好ましくは10~40質量%、最も好ましくは10~35質量%である。
上述した各成分を溶解させて感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を調製する際には、溶剤を使用できる。使用できる溶剤としては、例えば、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルカルボキシレート、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、乳酸アルキルエステル、アルコキシプロピオン酸アルキル、炭素数4~10の環状ラクトン、炭素数4~10の、環を含有してもよいモノケトン化合物、アルキレンカーボネート、アルコキシ酢酸アルキル、ピルビン酸アルキル等の有機溶剤を挙げることができる。
アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルとしては、例えば、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルを好ましく挙げられる。
アルコキシプロピオン酸アルキルとしては、例えば、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチルを好ましく挙げられる。
アルコキシ酢酸アルキルとしては、例えば、酢酸-2-メトキシエチル、酢酸-2-エトキシエチル、酢酸-2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチル、酢酸-3-メトキシ-3-メチルブチル、酢酸-1-メトキシ-2-プロピルが好ましく挙げられる。
ピルビン酸アルキルとしては、例えば、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、ピルビン酸プロピルが好ましく挙げられる。
好ましく使用できる溶剤としては、常温常圧下で、沸点130℃以上の溶剤が挙げられる。具体的には、シクロペンタノン、γ-ブチロラクトン、シクロヘキサノン、乳酸エチル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、ピルビン酸エチル、酢酸-2-エトキシエチル、酢酸-2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチル、プロピレンカーボネートが挙げられる。
本発明に於いては、上記溶剤を単独で使用してもよいし、2種類以上を併用してもよい。
水酸基を含有する溶剤としては、例えば、エチレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、乳酸エチル等を挙げることができ、これらの内でプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、乳酸エチルが特に好ましい。
水酸基を含有しない溶剤としては、例えば、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、2-ヘプタノン、γ-ブチロラクトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸ブチル、N-メチルピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド等を挙げることができ、これらの内で、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、2-ヘプタノン、γ-ブチロラクトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸ブチルが特に好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、2-ヘプタノンが最も好ましい。
水酸基を含有する溶剤と水酸基を含有しない溶剤との混合比(質量)は、好ましくは1/99~99/1、より好ましくは10/90~90/10、更に好ましくは20/80~60/40である。水酸基を含有しない溶剤を50質量%以上含有する混合溶剤が塗布均一性の点で特に好ましい。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、露光から加熱までの経時による性能変化を低減するために、(E)塩基性化合物を含有することが好ましい。
塩基性化合物としては、好ましくは、下記式(A)~(E)で示される構造を有する化合物を挙げることができる。
R203、R204、R205及びR206 は、同一でも異なってもよく、炭素数1~20個のアルキル基を表す。
これら一般式(A)及び(E)中のアルキル基は、無置換であることがより好ましい。
また、アミン化合物は、アルキル鎖中に、酸素原子を有し、オキシアルキレン基が形成されていることが好ましい。オキシアルキレン基の数は、分子内に1つ以上、好ましくは3~9個、更に好ましくは4~6個である。オキシアルキレン基の中でもオキシエチレン基(-CH2CH2O-)もしくはオキシプロピレン基(-CH(CH3)CH2O-もしくは-CH2CH2CH2O-)が好ましく、更に好ましくはオキシエチレン基である。
アンモニウム塩化合物は、アルキル鎖中に、酸素原子を有し、オキシアルキレン基が形成されていることが好ましい。オキシアルキレン基の数は、分子内に1つ以上、好ましくは3~9個、更に好ましくは4~6個である。オキシアルキレン基の中でもオキシエチレン基(-CH2CH2O-)もしくはオキシプロピレン基(-CH(CH3)CH2O-もしくは-CH2CH2CH2O-)が好ましく、更に好ましくはオキシエチレン基である。
アンモニウム塩化合物のアニオンとしては、ハロゲン原子、スルホネート、ボレート、フォスフェート等が挙げられるが、中でもハロゲン原子、スルホネートが好ましい。ハロゲン原子としてはクロライド、ブロマイド、アイオダイドが特に好ましく、スルホネートとしては、炭素数1~20の有機スルホネートが特に好ましい。有機スルホネートとしては、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホネート、アリールスルホネートが挙げられる。アルキルスルホネートのアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては例えばフッ素、塩素、臭素、アルコキシ基、アシル基、アリール基等が挙げられる。アルキルスルホネートとして、具体的にはメタンスルホネート、エタンスルホネート、ブタンスルホネート、ヘキサンスルホネート、オクタンスルホネート、ベンジルスルホネート、トリフルオロメタンスルホネート、ペンタフルオロエタンスルホネート、ノナフルオロブタンスルホネート等が挙げられる。アリールスルホネートのアリール基としてはベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環が挙げられる。ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては炭素数1~6の直鎖若しくは分岐アルキル基、炭素数3~6のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。直鎖若しくは分岐アルキル基、シクロアルキル基として、具体的には、メチル、エチル、n-プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、i-ブチル、t-ブチル、n-ヘキシル、シクロヘキシル等が挙げられる。他の置換基としては炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ、ニトロ、アシル基、アシルオキシ基等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る組成物は、塩基性化合物として、プロトンアクセプター性官能基を有し、かつ、活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解してプロトンアクセプター性が低下、消失、又はプロトンアクセプター性から酸性に変化した化合物を発生する化合物〔以下、化合物(PA)ともいう〕を更に含んでいてもよい。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、上記樹脂(A)とは別に疎水性樹脂(A’)を有していてもよい。
疎水性樹脂はレジスト膜の表面に偏在するように設計されることが好ましいが、界面活性剤とは異なり、必ずしも分子内に親水基を有する必要はなく、極性/非極性物質を均一に混合することに寄与しなくてもよい。
疎水性樹脂を添加することの効果として、水に対するレジスト膜表面の静的/動的な接触角の制御、アウトガスの抑制などを挙げることができる。
フッ素原子を有するアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10、より好ましくは炭素数1~4)は、少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換された直鎖又は分岐アルキル基であり、更にフッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子を有するシクロアルキル基は、少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換された単環又は多環のシクロアルキル基であり、更にフッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子を有するアリール基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基などのアリール基の少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されたものが挙げられ、更にフッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子又は珪素原子を有する繰り返し単位の例としては、US2012/0251948A1の段落0519に例示されたものを挙げることが出来る。
ここで、疎水性樹脂中の側鎖部分が有するCH3部分構造には、エチル基、プロピル基等が有するCH3部分構造を包含するものである。
一方、疎水性樹脂の主鎖に直接結合しているメチル基(例えば、メタクリル酸構造を有する繰り返し単位のα-メチル基)は、主鎖の影響により疎水性樹脂の表面偏在化への寄与が小さいため、本発明におけるCH3部分構造に包含されないものとする。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、界面活性剤(F)を更に含んでいてもよい。界面活性剤を含有することにより、波長が250nm以下、特には220nm以下の露光光源を使用した場合に、良好な感度及び解像度で、密着性及び現像欠陥のより少ないパターンを形成することが可能となる。
界面活性剤としては、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤を用いることが特に好ましい。
フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤としては、例えば、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の[0276]に記載の界面活性剤が挙げられる。また、エフトップEF301若しくはEF303(新秋田化成(株)製);フロラードFC430、431若しくは4430(住友スリーエム(株)製);メガファックF171、F173、F176、F189、F113、F110、F177、F120若しくはR08(DIC(株)製);サーフロンS-382、SC101、102、103、104、105若しくは106(旭硝子(株)製);トロイゾルS-366(トロイケミカル(株)製);GF-300若しくはGF-150(東亜合成化学(株)製)、サーフロンS-393(セイミケミカル(株)製);エフトップEF121、EF122A、EF122B、RF122C、EF125M、EF135M、EF351、EF352、EF801、EF802若しくはEF601((株)ジェムコ製);PF636、PF656、PF6320若しくはPF6520(OMNOVA社製);又は、FTX-204G、208G、218G、230G、204D、208D、212D、218D若しくは222D((株)ネオス製)を用いてもよい。なお、ポリシロキサンポリマーKP-341(信越化学工業(株)製)も、シリコン系界面活性剤として用いることができる。
また、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の[0280]に記載されているフッ素系及び/又はシリコン系以外の界面活性剤を使用してもよい。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物は、溶解阻止化合物、染料、可塑剤、光増感剤、光吸収剤、及び/又は現像液に対する溶解性を促進させる化合物(例えば、分子量1000以下のフェノール化合物、又はカルボキシ基を含んだ脂環族若しくは脂肪族化合物)を更に含んでいてもよい。
ここで「溶解阻止化合物」とは、酸の作用により分解して有機系現像液中での溶解度が減少する、分子量3000以下の化合物である。
本発明のパターン形成方法においては、レジスト膜の上層に上層膜(トップコート膜)を形成してもよい。
上層膜は、レジスト膜と混合せず、更にレジスト膜上層に均一に塗布できることが好ましい。
上層膜については、特に限定されず、従来公知の上層膜を、従来公知の方法によって形成でき、例えば、特開2014-059543号公報の段落0072~0082の記載に基づいて上層膜を形成できる。上層膜の形成材料は、特開2014-059543号公報の段落0072に記載されるポリマーの他に、疎水性樹脂等も用いることができる。疎水性樹脂は、例えば、上述した疎水性樹脂(A’)を用いることができる。
現像工程において、有機溶剤を含有する現像液を使用する場合は、例えば、特開2013-61648号公報に記載されたような塩基性化合物を含有する上層膜をレジスト膜上に形成することが好ましい。上層膜が含み得る塩基性化合物の具体的な例は、塩基性化合物(E)が挙げられる。
また、上層膜は、エーテル結合、チオエーテル結合、ヒドロキシル基、チオール基、カルボニル結合及びエステル結合からなる群より選択される基又は結合を少なくとも一つ含む化合物を含むことが好ましい。
更に、上層膜は、光酸発生剤を含んでいてもよい。光酸発生剤としては、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に含まれ得る光酸発生剤(例えば、上述した光酸発生剤(B))と同様のものを使用することができる。
以下、上層膜(トップコート膜)に使用されることが好ましい樹脂について説明する。
上層膜形成用組成物は樹脂を含有することが好ましい。上層膜形成用組成物が含有することができる樹脂としては、特に限定されないが、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に含まれ得る疎水性樹脂(例えば、上述した疎水性樹脂(A’))と同様のものを使用することができる。
疎水性樹脂に関しては、特開2013-61647号公報の[0017]~[0023](対応する米国公開特許公報2013/244438号の[0017]~[0023])、及び特開2014-56194号公報の[0016]~[0165]の記載を参酌でき、これらの内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明において、上層膜形成用組成物は、芳香環を有する繰り返し単位を含有する樹脂を含むことが好ましい。芳香環を有する繰り返し単位を含有することで、特に電子線またはEUV露光の際に、二次電子の発生効率、及び活性光線又は放射線により酸を発生する化合物からの酸発生効率が高くなり、パターン形成時に高感度化、高解像化の効果が期待できる。
樹脂(XA)に含有されるフッ素原子及び珪素原子の含有量の好ましい範囲は、フッ素原子及び又はケイ素原子を含む繰り返し単位が、樹脂(XA)中10~100質量%であることが好ましく、10~99モル%であることが好ましく、20~80モル%であることがより好ましい。
上層膜形成用組成物は、各成分を溶剤に溶解し、フィルター濾過することが好ましい。フィルターとしては、例えば、ポアサイズ0.1μm以下、好ましくは0.05μm以下、より好ましくは0.03μm以下のポリテトラフロロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、ナイロン製のものが好ましい。なお、フィルターは、複数種類を直列又は並列に接続して用いてもよい。また、組成物を複数回濾過してもよく、複数回濾過する工程が循環濾過工程であってもよい。さらに、フィルター濾過の前後で、組成物に対して脱気処理などを行なってもよい。上層膜形成用組成物は、金属等の不純物を含まないことが好ましい。これら材料に含まれる金属成分の含有量としては、10ppm以下が好ましく、5ppm以下がより好ましく、1ppm以下が更に好ましく、実質的に含まないこと(測定装置の検出限界以下であること)が特に好ましい。
なお、上層膜形成用組成物を、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜の表面に、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を溶解せずに均一に塗布するために、上層膜形成用組成物は、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を溶解しない溶剤を含有することが好ましい。感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を溶解しない溶剤としては、有機溶剤を含有する現像液(有機系現像液)とは異なる成分の溶剤を用いることがさらに好ましい。
上層膜を形成後、必要に応じて基板を加熱(PB)する。
上層膜の屈折率は、解像性の観点から、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜の屈折率に近いことが好ましい。
上層膜は液浸液に不溶であることが好ましく、水に不溶であることがより好ましい。
上層膜の後退接触角は、液浸液追随性の観点から、上層膜に対する液浸液の後退接触角(23℃)が50~100度であることが好ましく、80~100度であることがより好ましい。
液浸露光においては、露光ヘッドが高速でウエハ上をスキャンし露光パターンを形成していく動きに追随して、液浸液がウエハ上を動く必要があることから、動的な状態における感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜に対する液浸液の接触角が重要になり、より良好なレジスト性能を得るためには、上記範囲の後退接触角を有することが好ましい。
ここで、上層膜の有機系現像液に対する溶解速度とは、上層膜を成膜した後に現像液に暴露した際の膜厚減少速度であり、本発明においては23℃の酢酸ブチルに浸漬させた際の速度とする。
上層膜の有機系現像液に対する溶解速度を1nm/sec秒以上、好ましくは10nm/sec以上とすることによって、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を現像した後の現像欠陥発生が低減する効果がある。また、300nm/sec以下、好ましくは100nm/secとすることによって、おそらくは、液浸露光時の露光ムラが低減した影響で、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜を現像した後のパターンのラインエッジラフネスがより良好になるという効果がある。
上層膜はその他の公知の現像液、例えば、アルカリ水溶液などを用いて除去してもよい。使用できるアルカリ水溶液として具体的には、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドの水溶液が挙げられる。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、及び、本発明のパターン形成方法において使用される各種材料(例えば、現像液、リンス液、レジスト溶剤、反射防止膜形成用組成物、上層膜形成用組成物など)は、金属、ハロゲンを含む金属塩、酸、アルカリ、硫黄含有化合物、リン含有化合物等の不純物を含まないことが好ましい。これら材料に含まれる不純物の含有量としては、1ppm以下が好ましく、1ppb以下がより好ましく、100ppt以下が更に好ましく、10ppt以下が特に好ましく、実質的に含まないこと(測定装置の検出限界以下であること)が最も好ましい。
上記各種材料から金属等の不純物を除去する方法としては、例えば、フィルターを用いた濾過を挙げることができる。フィルター孔径としては、ポアサイズ10nm以下が好ましく、5nm以下がより好ましく、3nm以下が更に好ましい。フィルターの材質としては、ポリテトラフロロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、ナイロン製のフィルターが好ましい。フィルターは、これらの材質とイオン交換メディアを組み合わせた複合材料であってもよい。フィルターは、有機溶剤であらかじめ洗浄したものを用いてもよい。フィルター濾過工程では、複数種類のフィルターを直列又は並列に接続して用いてもよい。複数種類のフィルターを使用する場合は、孔径及び/又は材質が異なるフィルターを組み合わせて使用してもよい。また、各種材料を複数回濾過してもよく、複数回濾過する工程が循環濾過工程であってもよい。
また、上記各種材料から金属等の不純物を除去する方法としては、蒸留による精製工程(特に薄膜蒸留、分子蒸留等)を挙げることもできる。蒸留による精製工程は、例えば、「<工場操作シリーズ>増補・蒸留、1992年7月31日発行、化学工業社」及び「化学工学ハンドブック、2004年9月30日発行、朝倉書店、95頁~102頁」等が挙げられる。
また、上記各種材料に含まれる金属等の不純物を低減する方法としては、各種材料を構成する原料として金属含有量が少ない原料を選択する、各種材料を構成する原料に対してフィルター濾過を行なう、装置内をテフロン(登録商標)でライニングする等してコンタミネーションを可能な限り抑制した条件下で蒸留を行なう等の方法を挙げることができる。各種材料を構成する原料に対して行なうフィルター濾過における好ましい条件は、上記した条件と同様である。
フィルター濾過の他、吸着材による不純物の除去を行なってもよく、フィルター濾過と吸着材を組み合わせて使用してもよい。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を用いることができ、例えば、シリカゲル、ゼオライトなどの無機系吸着材、活性炭などの有機系吸着材を使用することができる。
上記現像液及び/又はリンス液(以下、便宜的に、これらをまとめて「処理液」ともいう)は、硫黄含有化合物の含有量が10mmol/L以下であることが好ましい。
これにより、レジストパターンの欠陥の発生を抑制できる。この理由の詳細は未だ明らかになっていないが、以下のように推測される。
すなわち、現像液及び/又はリンス液として用いられる処理液は、硫黄含有化合物の含有量が少ないので、処理液に含まれる硫黄含有化合物と、露光後の膜(レジスト膜)に含まれる成分、特には、ポリマー成分中の極性基、との反応を抑制できる。その結果、硫黄含有化合物とポリマー成分中の極性基等との反応によってレジストパターンの表面に生じる異物を抑制できるので、レジストパターンの欠陥の発生を抑制できると推測される。
また、特に、より後に行なわれる工程で用いられる処理液において硫黄含有化合物量がより低減されていることが好ましく、すなわち、リンス液において硫黄含有化合物量がより低減されていることが好ましい。
このように、硫黄含有化合物の含有量を10.0mmol/L以下とすることで、例えば処理液を収容容器(例えば、特開2014-112176号公報に記載の容器)の栓を閉じた状態にして、室温(23℃)で6ヶ月間保存した後に使用しても、レジストパターンにおける欠陥の発生を抑制できる。
ここで、「実質的に含有しない」とは、硫黄含有化合物の含有量(濃度)を測定可能な方法(例えば、後述する測定方法)で測定した場合において、検出されないこと(検出限界値未満であること)をいう。
なお、硫黄含有化合物の含有量(濃度)の下限としては、上述したように、実質的に含有しないことが最も好ましい。ただし、後述するように、硫黄含有化合物の含有量を低減させるために蒸留などの処理を過度に行なうとコストがかさむ。工業的に使用する際のコストなどを考慮すると、硫黄含有化合物の含有量としては、0.01mmol/L以上であってもよい。
チオール類は、具体的には、例えば、メタンチオール、エタンチオール(エチルメルカプタン)、3-メチル-2-ブテン-1-チオール、2-メチル-3-フランチオール、フルフリルチオール(フルフリルメルカプタン)、3-メルカプト-3-メチルブチルフォーメイト、フェニルメルカプタン、メチルフルフリルメルカプタン、3-メルカプトブタン酸エチル、3-メルカプト-3-メチルブタノール、4-メルカプト-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、などが挙げられる。
スルフィド類としては、ジメチルスルフィド、ジメチルトリサルファイド、ジイソプロピルトリスルフィド、ビス(2-メチル-3-フリル)ジスルフィド、などが挙げられる。
チオフェン類としては、例えば、様々に置換された、アルキルチオフェン類、ベンゾチオフェン類、ジベンゾチオフェン類、フェナントロチオフェン類、ベンゾナフトチオフェン類、チオフェンスルフィド類などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、チオフェン類、特にはベンゾチオフェン類(例えば、ベンゾチオフェン又は3-メチルベンゾチオフェン等)の含有量を10.0mmol/L以下とすることで、レジストパターンの欠陥の発生をより抑制できる。
本発明者らは、さらに、リンを含む化合物(以下「リン含有化合物」という)についても、上述した硫黄含有化合物と同様に、レジストパターン中に含まれる成分と相互作用することによってリンス工程後の乾燥を経ても揮発せずにレジストパターン表面に残存し、異物欠陥の原因となりやすいことを知見するに至った。
したがって、処理液(現像液及び/又はリンス液)は、リンを含む化合物(以下「リン含有化合物」という)の含有量が10mmol/L以下であることが好ましく、2.5mmol/L以下であることがより好ましく、1.0mmol/L以下であることが更に好ましく、実質的にリンを含む化合物を含有しないことが特に好ましい。
なお、リン含有化合物の含有量(濃度)の下限としては、上述したように、実質的に含有しないことが最も好ましい。ただし、後述するように、リン含有化合物の含有量を低減させるために蒸留などの処理を過度に行なうとコストがかさむ。工業的に使用する際のコストなどを考慮すると、リン含有化合物の含有量としては、0.01mmol/L以上であってもよい。
本発明は、上述した本発明のパターン形成方法を含む電子デバイスの製造方法にも関する。本発明の電子デバイスの製造方法により製造された電子デバイスは、例えば、家電、OA(Office Automation)関連機器、メディア関連機器、光学用機器及び通信機器などの電気電子機器に、好適に搭載される。
まず、モノマー(a1)を合成し、合成したモノマー(a1)を用いて樹脂(A-2)を合成した。以下に詳細に説明する。
4-ビニル安息香酸30gをトルエン220mLに懸濁し、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド1mLを加えた後、窒素気流下、二塩化オキサリル38.7gを滴下した。室温で2時間攪拌した後、50℃で2時間攪拌した。室温まで放冷後、反応液に2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール15mgを加え、溶媒と過剰の二塩化オキサリルを、減圧下50℃で加熱することにより留去し、淡黄色液体37gを得た。1H-NMRより、中間体(a1-1)が90.7%で、残りの9.3%はトルエンであった。この中間体(a1-1)は、これ以上精製することなく、次の反応に用いた。
1H-NMR(Acetone―d6:ppm)δ:8.11(d、2H)、7.73(d、2H)、6.90(dd、1H)、6.10(d、1H)、5.53(d、1H)
1-メチルシクロペンタノール7.6gとテトラヒドロフラン130mLを混合し、窒素ガス雰囲気下、-78℃に冷却した。n-ブチルリチウム(1.6Mヘキサン溶液)46mLを滴下し、-78℃で1時間攪拌した後、-10℃でさらに1時間攪拌した。-10℃に冷却した反応液に、中間体a1-1(純度90.7%)13.8gとテトラヒドロフラン30mLを混合した溶液を、過度に発熱しないよう注意深く滴下した。室温で2時間攪拌した後、n-ヘキサン300mLと蒸留水300mLを加え、分液操作を行なった。有機層を炭酸水素ナトリウム飽和水溶液と蒸留水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した後にこれをろ別して、有機層の溶媒を減圧留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:酢酸エチル/n-ヘキサン=3/97)で精製し、モノマー(a1)13gを得た。
1H-NMR(Acetone―d6:ppm)δ:7.94(d、2H)、7.57(d、2H)、6.84(dd、1H)、5.95(d、1H)、5.38(d、1H)、2.28(m、2H)、1.85-1.68(m、6H)、1.67(s、3H)
1H-NMR(DMSO―d6:ppm)δ:9.38-8.84、8.16-7.35、7.33-6.04、2.58-1.02(ピークはいずれもブロード)
用いるモノマーを変更した以外は、上記とほぼ同様の方法で、下記表3~表11に示す構造を有する樹脂(A-1)、(A-3)~(A-65)、(R-1)及び(R-2)を合成した。
下記表3~表11において、樹脂の組成比(モル比)は、1H-NMR(核磁気共鳴)または13C-NMR測定により算出した。樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw:ポリスチレン換算)及び分散度(Mw/Mn)はGPC(溶媒:THF)測定により算出した。
疎水性樹脂としては、以下のものを用いた。
光酸発生剤としては、以下のものを用いた。
塩基性化合物としては、以下のものを用いた。
レジスト溶剤としては、以下のものを用いた。
C1:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート
C2:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
C3:乳酸エチル
C4:シクロヘキサノン
C5:アニソール
下記表13~表18に示す各成分を、同表に示す溶剤に溶解させた。これを0.03μmのポアサイズを有するポリエチレンフィルターを用いてろ過して、レジスト組成物を得た。
下記表19に示す各成分を、同表に示す溶剤に溶解させた。これを0.03μmのポアサイズを有するポリエチレンフィルターを用いてろ過して、上層膜形成用組成物を得た。なお、下記表において「MIBC」はメチルイソブチルカルビノールを表す。
樹脂V-1~V-4及び1bの組成比、重量平均分子量及び分散度は、下記表20に示す。
表13~表18に記載のレジスト組成物を用いて、以下の操作によりレジストパターンを形成した。
12インチシリコンウエハ上に、有機膜形成用組成物であるDUV44(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、200℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚60nmの有機膜を形成した。形成した有機膜の上に、各レジスト組成物を塗布し、120℃の条件で60秒間ベークし、膜厚40nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
実施例13~21については、上記表19に示す上層膜形成用組成物(トップコート組成物)を、上記ベーク後のレジスト膜上に塗布し、その後、下記表23~表27に記載のPB温度(単位:℃)で60秒間に亘ってベークを行ない、膜厚40nmの上層膜(トップコート)を形成した。
<L/Sパターン評価>
上記で作製したウエハに、NA(レンズ開口数、Numerical Aperture)0.25、ダイポール照明(Dipole 60x、アウターシグマ0.81、インナーシグマ0.43)でEUV露光を行なった。具体的には、ウエハ上寸法がピッチ40nm、幅20nmのラインアンドスペースパターン(L/Sパターン)を形成する為のパターンが含まれたマスクを介して、露光量を変えてEUV露光を行なった。
照射後、EUV露光装置から取り出したら、ただちに、下記表23~表27に記載の温度で60秒間ベーク(PEB)した。
その後、シャワー型現像装置(ACTES(株)製ADE3000S)を用いて、50回転(rpm)でウエハを回転しながら、現像液(23℃)を、200mL/分の流量で30秒間スプレー吐出することで、現像を行なった。なお、現像液としては、下記表21に記載の現像液を用いた。下記表23~表27に、各例で用いた現像液を併せて示す。
その後、50回転(rpm)でウエハを回転しながら、リンス液(23℃)を、200mL/分の流量で15秒間スプレー吐出することで、リンス処理を行なった。
最後に、2500回転(rpm)で60秒間高速回転してウエハを乾燥させた。なお、リンス液としては、下記表22に記載のリンス液を用いた。下記表23~表27に、各例で用いたリンス液を併せて示す。
以下の項目について評価を行なった。結果の詳細は、下記表23~表27に示す。
異なる露光量にて露光したラインアンドスペースパターンの解像状況を、走査型電子顕微鏡((株)日立製作所製S-9380II)を用いて倍率200kで観察し、観察した一視野内にてパターン倒れが起こっていない最小のライン幅(単位:nm)を求め、パターン倒れの指標とした。この数値が小さいほど、パターン倒れ性能が良好であること(すなわち、パターン倒れの発生が抑制されていること)を示す。
上記とほぼ同様の方法で作製したレジスト膜の初期膜厚(FT1(単位:Å))を測定した。次いで、ドライエッチャー(日立ハイテクノロジー社製、U-621)を用いて、CF4ガスを供給しながら、20秒間エッチングを行なった。その後、エッチング後に得られたレジスト膜の膜厚(FT2(単位:Å))を測定した。そして、次式で定義されるドライエッチング速度(DE(単位:Å/sec))を算出した。
[DE(Å/sec)]=(FT1-FT2)/20
以下の基準に従いDEの優劣を評価した。DEの値が小さいほど、エッチングによる膜厚変化が小さいこと(すなわち、エッチング耐性に優れること)を表す。実用上、「A」または「B」であることが好ましい。
「A」・・・ドライエッチング速度 20Å/sec未満
「B」・・・ドライエッチング速度 20Å/sec以上25Å/sec未満
「C」・・・ドライエッチング速度 25Å/sec以上
真空露光下での揮発アウトガス量を膜厚減少率として定量した。
より詳細には、上記のパターン作製時の2.0倍の照射量で露光し、露光後且つPEB前の膜厚を、光干渉式膜厚測定計(大日本スクリーン社製、VM-8200)を用いて測定し、以下の式を用いて、未露光時の膜厚からの変動率を求めた。変動率の値が小さいほど、アウトガス量が少ないことを表し、性能良好であると言える。実用上、「A」、「B」または「C」であることが好ましく、「A」または「B」であることがより好ましい。
膜厚変動率(%)=[(未露光時の膜厚-露光後の膜厚)/未露光時の膜厚]×100
「A」・・・膜厚変動率 5%未満
「B」・・・膜厚変動率 5%以上10%未満
「C」・・・膜厚変動率 10%以上15%未満
「D」・・・膜厚変動率 15%以上
これに対して、一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位を欠く樹脂(R-1)を含有する組成物NR1を使用した比較例1、及び、一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位を欠く樹脂(R-2)を含有する組成物NR2を使用した比較例2は、パターン倒れ性能及びエッチング耐性が不十分であった。
表13~表18に記載のレジスト組成物を用いて、以下の操作によりレジストパターンを形成した。
6インチシリコンウエハ上に、有機膜形成用組成物であるDUV44(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、200℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚60nmの有機膜を形成した。その上に各レジスト組成物を塗布し、120℃の条件で60秒間ベークし、膜厚40nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
<L/Sパターン評価>
上記で作製したウエハに、電子線照射装置((株)JEOL製 JBX6000FS/E;加速電圧50keV)を用いて、ウエハ上寸法がピッチ40nm、幅20nmのラインアンドスペースパターンを形成する様にEB描画のレイアウトを設計し、露光量を変えてEB露光を行なった。
照射後、電子線照射装置から取り出したら、ただちに、下記表28~表29に記載の温度で60秒の条件でホットプレート上にて加熱した。
シャワー型現像装置(ACTES(株)製ADE3000S)を用いて、50回転(rpm)でウエハを回転しながら、現像液(23℃)を、200mL/分の流量で、30秒間スプレー吐出することで、現像を行なった。
その後、50回転(rpm)でウエハを回転しながら、リンス液(23℃)を、200mL/分の流量で、15秒間スプレー吐出することで、リンス処理を行なった。
最後に、2500回転(rpm)で60秒間高速回転してウエハを乾燥させた。
上述した「EUV露光評価」と同様の項目について、走査型電子顕微鏡として「S-9220」((株)日立製作所製)を用いた以外は、これと同様の方法でレジストパターンの評価を行なった。また、エッチング耐性及びアウトガス性能についても、上述した「EUV露光評価」とほぼ同様の方法で評価を行なった。結果の詳細は、下記表28~表29に示す。
これに対して、一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位を欠く樹脂(R-1)を含有する組成物NR1を使用した比較例1B、及び、一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位を欠く樹脂(R-2)を含有する組成物NR2を使用した比較例2Bは、パターン倒れ性能及びエッチング耐性が不十分であった。
なお、表28~表29に示すEB露光評価においても、EUV露光評価(表23~表27)と同様の傾向が見られた。
Claims (14)
- 下記一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位と、下記一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位とを有する樹脂Aを含有する感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて膜を形成する工程、
前記膜を露光する工程、及び、
前記露光された膜を、有機溶剤を含む現像液を用いて現像してパターンを形成する工程を有するパターン形成方法。
ただし、前記一般式(I)中、
R41、R42及びR43は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。但し、R42はAr4と結合して環を形成していてもよく、その場合のR42は単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
X4は、単結合、-COO-、又は-CONR64-を表し、R64は、水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。
L4は、単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
Ar4は、(n+1)価の芳香環基を表し、R42と結合して環を形成する場合には(n+2)価の芳香環基を表す。
nは、1以上の整数を表す。
また、前記一般式(BII)中、
R61、R62及びR63は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。但し、R62はAr6と結合して環を形成していてもよく、その場合のR62は単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
X6は、単結合、-COO-、又は-CONR64-を表す。R64は、水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。
L6は、単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
Ar6は、(n+1)価の芳香環基を表し、R62と結合して環を形成する場合には(n+2)価の芳香環基を表す。
Y2は、n=1の場合には酸の作用により脱離する基を表し、n≧2の場合には各々独立に、水素原子又は酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。但し、Y2の少なくとも1つは、酸の作用により脱離する基を表す。
nは、1以上の整数を表す。 - 前記一般式(I)におけるAr4及び前記一般式(BII)におけるAr6が、それぞれ独立に、フェニレン基又はナフチレン基である、請求項1に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記一般式(I)におけるX4及び前記一般式(BII)におけるX6が、それぞれ独立に、単結合である、請求項1又は2に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記樹脂A中の全繰り返し単位に対する、前記一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位の含有量が、10モル%以上80モル%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記樹脂A中の全繰り返し単位に対する、前記一般式(BII)で表される繰り返し単位の含有量が、25モル%以上65モル%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記樹脂A中の全繰り返し単位に対する、前記一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位の含有量が、10モル%以上80モル%以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記一般式(BII)におけるY2が、下記式(Y1)で表される基である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。
(Y1):-C(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y1)中、Rx1~Rx3は、各々独立に、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して環を形成してもよい。 - 前記式(Y1)において、Rx1~Rx3の少なくとも2つが結合して環を形成している、請求項7に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記樹脂Aが、芳香環基を有する繰り返し単位をさらに有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記樹脂Aが、ラクトン基又はスルトン基を有する繰り返し単位をさらに有する、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物が、活性光線又は放射線により酸を発生する化合物をさらに含有する、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記現像液が、ケトン系溶剤及びエステル系溶剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機溶剤を含む、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 前記露光された膜を、前記現像液を用いて現像した後、リンス液を用いて洗浄する工程をさらに有し、
前記リンス液が、ケトン系溶剤、エーテル系溶剤、及び、炭化水素系溶剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の有機溶剤を含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法。 - 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
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WO2018043255A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
JP2018036614A (ja) * | 2016-09-02 | 2018-03-08 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | レジスト組成物及びレジストパターン形成方法 |
WO2018061944A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
JP2019147857A (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-09-05 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | ガロール基様側鎖を有する共重合体を含む接着剤組成物 |
JP2020023684A (ja) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 樹脂、レジスト組成物及びレジストパターンの製造方法 |
JP2020033554A (ja) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 樹脂、レジスト組成物及びレジストパターンの製造方法 |
WO2021039391A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び、電子デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2023008347A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2024004598A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2024048397A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
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JP7341788B2 (ja) | 2018-08-27 | 2023-09-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 樹脂、レジスト組成物及びレジストパターンの製造方法 |
WO2021039391A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び、電子デバイスの製造方法 |
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WO2023008347A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2024004598A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2024048397A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
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KR20180074745A (ko) | 2018-07-03 |
JP6761430B2 (ja) | 2020-09-23 |
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US20180267404A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
TW201734645A (zh) | 2017-10-01 |
JPWO2017115629A1 (ja) | 2018-09-13 |
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