WO2023008101A1 - 光ファイバー発光体、発光体アレー、放射線測定装置、および光ファイバー発光体の作製方法 - Google Patents
光ファイバー発光体、発光体アレー、放射線測定装置、および光ファイバー発光体の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023008101A1 WO2023008101A1 PCT/JP2022/026525 JP2022026525W WO2023008101A1 WO 2023008101 A1 WO2023008101 A1 WO 2023008101A1 JP 2022026525 W JP2022026525 W JP 2022026525W WO 2023008101 A1 WO2023008101 A1 WO 2023008101A1
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- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- clad
- core
- emitter
- light
- Prior art date
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 80
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title description 3
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 87
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 32
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- ZXNKRXWFQRLIQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon(4+);tetraborate Chemical compound [Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] ZXNKRXWFQRLIQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 6
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- UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium iodide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[I-].[I-] UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910004755 Cerium(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002249 LaCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910014323 Lanthanum(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001640 calcium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MOOUSOJAOQPDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Ce+3] MOOUSOJAOQPDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKUYOJZZLGFZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) bromide Chemical compound Br[La](Br)Br XKUYOJZZLGFZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001643 strontium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRIJWFBRWPCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium iodide Chemical compound [Sr+2].[I-].[I-] KRIJWFBRWPCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) iodide Chemical compound [Tl]I CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/201—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors using scintillating fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/61—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or unspecified halogen elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/0008—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type the light being emitted at the end of the fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
- G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical fiber luminous body, a luminous body array, and a radiation measuring device in which the core is composed of a luminous body.
- An optical fiber illuminator with a core of a scintillator (illuminant) used for measuring radiation such as ⁇ -rays, X-rays, ⁇ -rays, and neutron rays is used as a sensor element for measuring radiation.
- a scintillator illuminant
- X-rays X-rays
- ⁇ -rays neutron rays
- Patent Document 1 An optical fiber illuminator with a core of a scintillator (illuminant) used for measuring radiation such as ⁇ -rays, X-rays, ⁇ -rays, and neutron rays is used as a sensor element for measuring radiation.
- an optical fiber light emitter one made of plastic has been proposed (Patent Document 1).
- halide crystals are known as materials from which strong scintillation light can be obtained.
- halide crystals are deliquescent, they are not easy to process in the atmosphere, and there is a problem that it is not easy to produce an optical fiber light emitter having a halide crystal as a core.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and aims to make it possible to more easily produce an optical fiber light emitter having a halide crystal as a core.
- a method for producing an optical fiber luminous body according to the present invention includes a first step of accommodating a core material made of a halide having a lower melting point than that of the clad material in a cylindrical container made of a clad material having thermoplasticity; a second step of forming an optical fiber luminous body comprising a core composed of a halide crystal and a clad composed of a clad material by heating and stretching a container containing a halide, Crystals emit light when exposed to radiation.
- a method for producing an optical fiber luminous body according to the present invention includes a first step of preparing a cylindrical clad, a second step of melting a halide having a lower melting point than a material constituting the clad to form a melt, and and a fourth step of cooling and solidifying the melt contained in the clad to form a halide crystal, thereby forming an optical fiber light emitting body having a halide crystal as a core. and the halide crystal emits light when irradiated with radiation.
- the third step is to absorb the melt into the clad to accommodate the melt in the clad.
- the third step is to push the melt into the clad to accommodate the melt in the clad.
- the first step is to prepare a clad array in which a plurality of clads are bundled, and the third step is to accommodate the melt in each clad of the clad array.
- a method for producing an optical fiber luminous body includes a first step of accommodating a core material made of a halide having a lower melting point than a material constituting the clad in a cylindrical clad, and melting the core material accommodated in the clad. a second step; and a third step of forming an optical fiber light emitting body having a halide crystal as a core by cooling and solidifying the molten core material to form a halide crystal, wherein the halide crystal is emits light when exposed to radiation.
- An optical fiber light emitter comprises a core made of a light-emitting halide crystal and a clad made of a thermoplastic material.
- An optical fiber luminous body according to the present invention comprises a core made of a scintillator and a clad. At least one state within K.
- optical fiber luminous body it is a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores in the same fiber body.
- the diameter of the core, the thickness of the clad, and the outer diameter decrease from one end side to the other end side.
- the cores are rectangular in cross-section and arranged in a rectangular shape in the cross-sectional direction.
- An optical fiber luminous body comprises a core composed of a eutectic having two crystal phases and a clad, and at least one of the crystal phases emits light by radiation.
- the average crystal grain size of the two crystal phases is 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the refractive index difference between the two crystal phases is 0.1 or less at the emission wavelength.
- the average crystal grain size of the two crystal phases is 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the core is composed of an oxide crystal or a halide crystal that emits light when irradiated with radiation.
- a radiation measuring device includes the optical fiber light emitter described above.
- a light emitter array according to the present invention is obtained by bundling a plurality of the above-described optical fiber light emitters.
- a radiation measuring device includes the above-described light emitter array.
- a radiation measuring apparatus includes an optical fiber illuminator composed of a core and a cladding made of a scintillator that emits light when irradiated with radiation, a first sensor that detects light reaching one end of the optical fiber illuminator, and an optical fiber.
- a second sensor that detects light reaching the other end of the light emitter, and at least one of a difference in light detection time and a difference in the amount of light detected between the first sensor and the second sensor. and an arithmetic circuit for determining the incident position of radiation.
- the optical fiber emitter is formed in a coil shape.
- a halide having a melting point lower than that of the material is placed in a cylindrical container made of a thermoplastic material, and the container is heated and stretched.
- An optical fiber luminous body having a core of can be more easily produced.
- FIG. 1A is a configuration diagram showing an intermediate process of a method for manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a configuration diagram showing an intermediate process of the method for manufacturing the optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the optical fiber emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of another optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a configuration diagram showing an intermediate process of another method for manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a configuration diagram showing an intermediate process of another method for manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a configuration diagram showing an intermediate process of another method for manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing an intermediate process of another method for manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing the configuration of a clad array 200 in an intermediate process for explaining another method of manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7B is a perspective view showing the configuration of the cladding array 200 in an intermediate process for explaining another method of manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart for explaining a method for manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the configuration of an optical fiber emitter 300 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the configuration of an optical fiber emitter 300a according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the configuration of an optical fiber emitter 300b according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an optical fiber emitter 300c according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a photograph of the waveguiding state of scintillator light generated by an optical fiber emitter that was actually produced.
- FIG. 14 is a photograph showing the result of electron microscopic observation of the core of the end face of the optical fiber emitter actually produced.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the radiation measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- Embodiment 1 a method for manufacturing an optical fiber light emitter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- a core material 102 is placed in a cylindrical container 101 (first step).
- the container 101 is made of a thermoplastic clad material.
- the container 101 can be made of, for example, heat-resistant glass such as borosilicate glass.
- the core material 102 is a halide with a lower melting point than the cladding material.
- the core material 102 can be, for example, materials for obtaining halide crystals such as Tl:CsI, Eu: SrI2 , CeBr3 , Ce: LaBr3 , Ce: LaCl3 , CaI2 .
- the containment (filling) of the core material 102 into the container 101 be performed in a humidity free (humidity controlled) environment.
- the containment of the core material 102 in the container 101 can be carried out in an argon atmosphere with zero humidity.
- the container 101 containing the core material 102 is heated by the heater 151 and stretched.
- the core material 102 contained in the container 101 is melted and crystallized to form an optical fiber light emitting body 105 comprising a core 103 composed of a halide crystal and a clad 104 composed of a clad material.
- Halide crystals emit light when exposed to radiation.
- Halide crystals have a higher refractive index than the cladding material.
- Halide crystals are, for example, Tl:CsI, Eu:SrI 2 , CeBr 3 , Ce:LaBr 3 , Ce:LaCl 3 , and CaI 2 crystals.
- the above-described process of heating and stretching the container 101 containing the core material 102 is also performed in a humidity-free environment.
- the stretching described above can be carried out in an argon atmosphere with zero humidity.
- the container 101 is sealed to prevent the accommodated core material 102 from being exposed to the outside air.
- the stretching can be carried out in air.
- the container 101 can be softened and stretched by heating, and the core material 102 can be melted and crystallized. Further, when the core material 102 is melted and crystallized to form the core 103, the core 103 is covered with the clad 104, so that the core 103 is not exposed to the surrounding atmosphere and deliquescence does not occur. Needless to say, the core material 102 can be easily accommodated in the container 101 in an atmosphere with zero humidity. As described above, according to Embodiment 1, the optical fiber emitter 105 having a halide crystal core can be produced very easily.
- an optical fiber luminous body 105 having a core 103 made of a halide crystal that emits light and a clad 104 made of a thermoplastic material is obtained by the manufacturing method of Embodiment 1 described above.
- the clad 104 is made of glass, for example.
- the optical fiber emitter 105a may be a multi-core fiber having multiple cores 103 in the same fiber body. Also, a light emitter array in which a plurality of optical fiber light emitters 105 are bundled can be used.
- the optical fiber emitter 105 optical fiber emitter 105a
- Embodiment 1 a sensor element and combining a light receiving element capable of receiving scintillation light emitted by the core 103 and guided through the optical fiber emitter 105
- radiation measurement can be performed. It can be used as a device.
- the above-described radiation measuring apparatus can be configured using the above-described light emitter array as a sensor element.
- a container 111 having a plurality of cylindrical storage portions 112 is prepared, and the core material 102 is stored in each storage portion 112 (first step).
- the container 111 is made of a thermoplastic clad material.
- the container 111 can be made of, for example, heat-resistant glass such as borosilicate glass.
- the container 111 containing the core material 102 in each container 112 is heated by the heater 151 and stretched.
- the core material 102 contained in each containing portion 112 is melted and crystallized, and an optical fiber light emission composed of a plurality of cores 103 made of halide crystals and a clad 104a made of a clad material is obtained.
- Body 105a can be formed (second step).
- the optical fiber emitter 105a becomes a multi-core fiber.
- a cylindrical heat-resistant glass container having a length of 200 mm, an outer diameter of 25 mm, and an inner diameter of 20 mm was prepared.
- the heat-resistant glass has a softening point of 820°C.
- a predetermined amount of thallium iodide [TlI] powder and cesium iodide [CsI] powder are mixed to form a mixed powder, which is placed in a container. It was housed (filled) inside the A mixed powder obtained by mixing TlI powder and CsI powder is melted by heating to form a melt. ] crystals (melting point 621° C.) are obtained.
- the upper part of the container filled with raw materials (mixed powder) was fixed, the lower part of the container was heated to 820°C, and the bottom part of the container was pulled downward while heating. This step was also performed in an argon atmosphere with zero humidity.
- the pull-down speed was 1 km/h.
- the optical fiber luminous body produced by pulling down was wound up by a winding device.
- the optical fiber emitter was made with an outer diameter of 100 ⁇ m and a length of 10 m.
- the produced optical fiber luminous body had an inner diameter of the clad of 80 ⁇ m, and a core of Tl:CsI crystal was formed here.
- the outer shape of the formed core is 80 ⁇ m.
- the core of the fabricated optical fiber luminous body showed luminescence at 550 nm due to radiation excitation and optical excitation, and it was confirmed that the light was guided to the end of the optical fiber luminous body.
- 250,000 optical fiber light emitters thus produced were bundled with an adhesive to form a light emitter array of 5 cm square, and cut to a thickness of 2 mm.
- the resulting emitter array exhibited a spatial resolution of 120 ⁇ m for X-rays.
- a cylindrical container made of a thermoplastic material contains a halide having a lower melting point than the material, and is stretched by heating.
- Optical fiber emitters with halide crystal cores can be made more easily. Also, by using an optical fiber emitter, a super-high-resolution radiation measuring device can be realized.
- a tubular clad is prepared.
- the cladding can be composed of a heat resistant glass such as borosilicate glass.
- a halide having a melting point lower than that of the clad material is melted to form a melt.
- the melt of the halide is prepared and placed in a predetermined container (such as a crucible).
- the halides can be Tl:CsI, Eu: SrI2 , CeBr3 , Ce: LaBr3 , Ce: LaCl3 , CaI2 , BaCl2 , and the like. Since this type of material is deliquescent, it is important to perform the melt preparation described above in a humidity-free (humidity-controlled) environment.
- the clad is filled with the melt.
- the melt can be accommodated in the clad by sucking up the melt into the clad through an opening at one end of the clad.
- one end of the clad is immersed in the melt contained in the container described above, and the air inside the clad is exhausted from the other end of the clad, thereby sucking up the melt into the clad.
- the melt can be accommodated in the clad by pushing up the melt into the clad through the opening at one end of the clad.
- a fourth step S104 the melt accommodated in the clad is cooled and solidified to form halide crystals, thereby forming an optical fiber light emitter having a halide crystal core.
- Halide crystals emit light when exposed to radiation.
- Halide crystals have a higher refractive index than the material that makes up the cladding.
- Halide crystals are, for example, crystals of Tl:CsI, Eu:SrI 2 , CeBr 3 , Ce:LaBr 3 , Ce:LaCl 3 , CaI 2 and BaCl 2 .
- a clad array 200 in which a plurality of clads 201 are bundled can be prepared (first step).
- the melt is accommodated in each clad 201 of the clad array 200 (third step).
- one end side of the prepared clad array 200 is immersed in a container 202 containing the melt of the halide, and the melt is sucked up inside each clad 201 to obtain a clad array.
- Each clad 201 of 200 can contain a melt.
- one end side of the prepared clad array 200 is immersed in the container 202 containing the melt of the halide, and the melt is pushed up into the inside of each clad 201, so that each clad 201 of the clad array 200 It can contain a melt.
- the molten halide After being accommodated in the cladding, the molten halide is covered with the cladding, so it does not come into contact with the surrounding atmosphere, and problems such as deliquescence do not occur. Needless to say, the melting of halides in an atmosphere with zero humidity can be easily carried out. As described above, according to Embodiment 2, an optical fiber light emitter having a halide crystal as a core can be produced very easily.
- a core material made of a halide having a lower melting point than the material constituting the clad is placed in the cylindrical clad.
- the cladding can be composed of a heat resistant glass such as borosilicate glass.
- the core material is a halide with a lower melting point than the cladding material.
- the core material can be, for example, a material for obtaining halide crystals, such as Tl:CsI, Eu: SrI2 , CeBr3 , Ce: LaBr3 , Ce: LaCl3 , CaI2 , BaCl2 .
- the cladding is filled with the core material in a humidity-free (controlled humidity) environment.
- the inclusion of the core material in the cladding can be performed in an argon atmosphere with zero humidity.
- the core material accommodated in the clad is melted.
- the core material can be melted by heating the clad containing the core material with a heater to a temperature at which the core material melts. Since the clad has a higher melting point than the core material, the clad does not melt.
- a third step S123 the molten core material is cooled and solidified to form a halide crystal, thereby forming an optical fiber light emitting body having a halide crystal as a core.
- Halide crystals emit light when exposed to radiation.
- Halide crystals have a higher refractive index than the cladding material.
- Halide crystals are, for example, crystals of Tl:CsI, Eu:SrI 2 , CeBr 3 , Ce:LaBr 3 , Ce:LaCl 3 , CaI 2 and BaCl 2 .
- the above-described melting and solidification of the core material can be performed in the atmosphere.
- the core material When the core material is melted and crystallized to form a core, the core is covered with a clad, so it is not exposed to the surrounding atmosphere, and problems such as deliquescence do not occur. Needless to say, the core material can be easily accommodated in the clad in an atmosphere with zero humidity. Thus, according to Embodiment 3, an optical fiber luminous body having a halide crystal as a core can be produced very easily.
- an irregular columnar shape such as a cylinder or a polygonal column can be used, and a plurality of such cores can be arrayed in parallel in the clad.
- the melting point of the core material is lower than that of the clad material. It is possible to improve the performance of the luminophore in terms of light output, fluorescence lifetime, and energy resolution.
- the halide melt contained in the clad is cooled and solidified to form halide crystals. Since an optical fiber luminous body having a core of is formed, an optical fiber luminous body having a halide crystal as a core can be more easily produced.
- an optical fiber emitter 300 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the core and the clad is large, cracks and voids occur in the internal crystal due to temperature changes, etc., resulting in deterioration of the scintillator performance such as a decrease in transmittance and a decrease in the amount of light emitted. , the performance as a radiation detector deteriorates as a result.
- expansion and cracking of the cladding may occur, damaging the optical fiber emitter. Cracks may also occur in the clad when the core has a higher thermal conductivity than the clad. For example, in the manufacturing process of an optical fiber luminous body, cooling proceeds preferentially from the fibrous core, and thermal strain between the cladding and the core increases, resulting in cracking.
- the optical fiber luminous body 300 solves the above-described problem, and includes a core 301 made of a scintillator and a clad 302.
- the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the core 301 and the clad 302 is 60 ⁇ . At least one of within 10 -6 /K and within 30 W/m/K of heat conduction rate difference.
- the core 301 can be composed of a halide crystal that emits light when exposed to radiation.
- the above-described optical fiber illuminator can be produced by storing a core material in a cylindrical container made of a clad material and heating and stretching the container containing the core material with a heater. By heating and drawing in this manner, the core material housed in the container is melted and crystallized to form an optical fiber light emitter.
- a borosilicate glass tube (cylindrical container) having an outer diameter of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 16 mm was filled with raw materials for each core material shown in Table 1 below, and the silicate glass tube filled with the core material was filled with argon gas. .
- a silicate glass tube becomes a clad material. After that, the inside of the furnace was locally heated to the softening point (780° C.) of the borosilicate glass by a heater, and the borosilicate glass tube filled with the core material was drawn.
- an optical fiber luminous body having a core and a clad having an inner diameter of 80 ⁇ m was produced for TlCsI, Tl:NaI, Ce:LaBr 3 , CeBr 3 and Eu:SrI 2 .
- An optical fiber emitter having an outer diameter of 100 ⁇ m, an inner diameter of 80 ⁇ m, and a total length of 3000 m was produced without defects such as cracks. Furthermore, we confirmed the phenomenon that scintillator light is generated by UV excitation or radiation excitation, and the light is guided in the core, and it was found that it functions as an optical fiber light emitter.
- quartz glass having an outer diameter of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 16 mm was used as a clad material, the quartz glass was filled with a raw material of Cr:Al 2 O 3 , and the quartz glass tube was filled with argon gas. The temperature was locally raised to the softening point (1700° C.) of quartz glass by , and stretching was performed. As a result, the quartz glass reacted with the Cr: Al2O3 raw material during the temperature rising process, and a compound was produced in which the quartz glass tube and Cr: Al2O3 reacted , the quartz glass tube was broken, and the optical fiber light emitter was destroyed. could not be molded. Materials such as oxides that react below the softening point of glass materials were not suitable as core materials.
- quartz glass having an outer diameter of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 16 mm was used as a clad material
- the quartz glass was filled with a Tb:GdAlO 3 /Al 2 O 3 eutectic raw material
- the quartz glass tube was filled with argon gas.
- a heater was used to locally raise the temperature to about 1700° C., which is the melting point of the Tb:GdAlO 3 /Al 2 O 3 eutectic and the softening point of quartz glass, and stretching was performed.
- the quartz glass reacted with the raw material of Tb:GdAlO 3 /Al 2 O 3 during the heating process, the quartz glass tube was broken, and the optical fiber emitter could not be molded.
- An oxide eutectic that reacts below the softening point of the glass material was also not suitable as a core material.
- the core be a crystal that is transparent to the scintillator light. Therefore, the scintillator forming the core preferably has 100 or less grains per 1 mm square, more preferably 2 or less grains per 1 mm square. This is because, when scintillator light generated by UV excitation or radiation excitation propagates through the core, the light is attenuated due to scattering and absorption at grain boundaries, and the performance as a radiation detector deteriorates.
- a borosilicate glass tube (cylindrical container) having an outer diameter of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 16 mm was filled with a raw material of LaBr 3 :Ce (melting point: 783°C, refractive index: 1.9) as a core material, and argon gas was introduced into the glass tube. filled.
- a heater was used to locally raise the temperature above the softening point of the borosilicate glass (830° C.) for stretching.
- an optical fiber emitter having a core of Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce scintillator with an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m was produced.
- An optical fiber emitter having an outer diameter of 200 ⁇ m, an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m, and a total length of 1000 m was produced without defects such as cracks.
- emission spectrum was measured by X-ray excitation, emission with a peak at 370 nm was confirmed.
- This optical fiber luminous body generates scintillator light by UV excitation or radiation excitation, and a phenomenon in which the light is guided in the core was confirmed, and it was found that it functions as an optical fiber luminous body.
- the optical fiber emitter obtained above was cut to a length of 10 mm, the end face was mirror-polished, and the end face was optically bonded to a photomultiplier tube.
- the optical fiber emitter is irradiated with ⁇ -rays of 662 keV from the 137Cs source, and the signal from the photomultiplier tube is input to the preamplifier and waveform shaping amplifier, and input to the multichannel analyzer to obtain a pulse.
- the amount of luminescence was measured by a counting method.
- a pulse-height spectrum was successfully acquired, a photoelectric absorption peak corresponding to ⁇ -rays of 662 keV was confirmed, and an emission amount of 40000 photons/MeV was obtained.
- Observation by EBSD of the core at the end face of the optical fiber illuminator having an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m confirmed that the LaBr 3 :Ce crystals were densely packed inside the cladding, and 6 grains were found inside.
- the optical fiber luminous body having a total length of 1000 m obtained above was cut to a length of 10 mm. Thereafter, the core was melted by heating above the melting point of LaBr 3 :Ce, and unidirectional solidification was performed in the longitudinal direction of the fiber at a speed of 0.1 mm/min for recrystallization. Observation by EBSD of the core of the end face of the optical fiber light emitter with an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m revealed that the LaBr 3 :Ce crystal was densely packed inside the cladding and one grain was confirmed inside, indicating that it was a single crystal. One thing has been confirmed.
- the end faces were mirror-polished, optically bonded to a photomultiplier tube, irradiated with 662 keV ⁇ -rays from a 137Cs radiation source, and the amount of light emitted was measured by a pulse counting method.
- a pulse-height spectrum was successfully obtained, a photoelectric absorption peak corresponding to ⁇ -rays of 662 keV was confirmed, and an emission amount of 6000 photons/MeV was obtained.
- a hollow borosilicate glass tube having an outer diameter of 200 ⁇ m, an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m, and 10 mm was filled with powder obtained by pulverizing LaBr 3 :Ce scintillator as a core material. After that, the end face was optically bonded to a photomultiplier tube, irradiated with 662 keV gamma rays from a 137Cs radiation source, and the amount of light emitted was measured by the pulse counting method. could not be detected. When the core of the end face of the optical fiber emitter with an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m was observed by SEM, 80 crystal grains and voids around the crystal grains were confirmed inside.
- the ratio of the initial outer diameter to the inner diameter of the glass tube used for fabrication is the ratio of the core to clad thickness of the optical fiber emitter.
- the core-to-cladding thickness ratio can be optimized for the target radiation energy and particle characteristics. Furthermore, it is possible to optimize the core diameter from 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 mm.
- the ratio of the diameter of the core 301 to the thickness of the cladding 302 can range from 10000:1 to 1:10000. Since the clad is a radiation-insensitive region, the wider the core, the higher the sensitivity of the radiation detector.
- the optical fiber emitter 300a can also be a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores 301 in the same fiber body (cladding 302a). Also, a light emitter array in which a plurality of optical fiber light emitters 105 are bundled can be used.
- the diameter of the core 301, the thickness of the clad 302, and the outer diameter should be reduced from one end to the other end of the optical fiber emitter 300b.
- each pixel of the two-dimensional image sensor corresponds to each core 301, and the two-dimensional image sensor is arranged on one end side of the optical fiber emitter 300b. In this state, the other end side is placed near the observation target.
- the pitch of each pixel of a two-dimensional image sensor is generally about 10 ⁇ m.
- each pixel of the two-dimensional image sensor can correspond to each core 301 on one end side.
- the pitch of each core 301 can be set to 1 ⁇ m, for example.
- the other end of the optical fiber light emitter 300b manufactured in this manner is placed near the observation target, the radiation generated in the observation target enters the other end of the optical fiber light emitter 300b.
- each of the plurality of cores 301 emits light according to the intensity of the incident radiation.
- the emitted light is guided through the optical fiber emitter 300b and reaches one end of the optical fiber emitter 300b.
- the emitted light reaching one end of the optical fiber emitter 300b is received by each pixel of the two-dimensional image sensor.
- the optical fiber emitter 300b is a multi-core fiber consisting of 1000 ⁇ 1000 cores 301.
- a radiation image showing the intensity distribution of the generated radiation is received with 1000 ⁇ 1000 pixels at a pitch of 1 ⁇ m.
- 1000 ⁇ 1000 pixels with a pitch of 10 ⁇ m which are picked up by a two-dimensional image sensor.
- a plurality of cores 301a each having a rectangular cross section and a clad 302b can be provided with an optical fiber emitter 300c.
- the optical fiber emitter 300c is a multi-core fiber.
- the plurality of cores 301a are arranged in a rectangular shape in the cross-sectional direction.
- each pixel is rectangular in plan view, and each pixel is arranged in a rectangular shape.
- the optical fiber light emitter 300c for the two-dimensional image sensor having such a light-receiving surface, the geometrical relationship between each pixel of the two-dimensional image sensor and the end surface of each core 301a of the optical fiber light emitter 300c is improved. Correspondence can be matched. As a result, the light (optical image) emitted from one end of the optical fiber emitter 300c can be received by the two-dimensional image sensor with high light detection efficiency.
- the clad 302b is a region insensitive to radiation, the wider the core 301a, the better the sensitivity.
- This optical fiber luminous body has a core made of a scintillator and a clad, and the core is made of a eutectic having two crystal phases. At least one crystalline phase of the eutectic that constitutes the core emits light when exposed to radiation.
- the core and the clad may have at least one of a difference in thermal expansion coefficient within 60 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /K and a difference in heat conduction rate within 30 W/m/K.
- the refractive index difference between the two crystal phases of the eutectic that constitutes the core can be 0.1 or less at the emission wavelength.
- the difference in refractive index between the crystal phases of the eutectic constituting the core is preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.05, and still more preferably 0.02 or less, so that light is emitted by radiation excitation. Light is guided through the core without attenuation.
- the transparency at the emission wavelength is high, and even if the length of the optical fiber light emitter is increased, attenuation of guided light can be reduced.
- the average grain size of the two crystal phases of the eutectic that constitutes the core can be made sufficiently close to the emission wavelength.
- the average grain size of each of the two crystalline phases of the eutectic that constitutes the core can be preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the average grain size of the two crystalline phases of the eutectic that constitutes the core can be as small as 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. By doing so, light emitted by radiation excitation is guided through the core without being attenuated. It is possible to reduce scattering of light at grain boundaries, reduce attenuation of light passing through the core, and improve rectilinearity. As a result, according to Embodiment 5, the transparency at the emission wavelength is high, and even if the length of the optical fiber light emitter is increased, attenuation of guided light can be reduced.
- the crystal phase consists of at least one of Pr, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb, Tl, Pb, Bi, Ag, Ti, and Cr as a luminescent center. It is preferable that the rare earth element is contained in an amount of 0.001 mol % or more with respect to the total substance amount of the crystal phase of the core.
- the crystalline phase includes a halide represented by the chemical formula A x B y C z X x +2y +3z (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1), where A is Li, An element containing at least one of Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Cd, where B is Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and C is Y, Ce, La, Gd, Lu, Bi, Ga, It is an element containing at least one of Al, Hf and Zr, and X is an element containing at least one of F, Cl, Br, I, Tl, Se, O, P and S.
- a borosilicate glass tube (cylindrical container) with an outer diameter of 10 mm and an inner diameter of 8 mm was filled with a eutectic material (melting point: 428°C) composed of NaI and CsI with Tl as the luminescence center, and argon was introduced into the glass tube. filled with gas.
- a heater was used to locally raise the temperature to the softening point (780° C.) of the borosilicate glass, and stretching was performed at a speed of 0.1 m/min.
- an optical fiber luminous body having a core composed of a NaI/CsI:Tl eutectic scintillator and having an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m was produced.
- An optical fiber emitter having an outer diameter of 200 ⁇ m, an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m, and a total length of 1000 m was produced without defects such as cracks.
- This optical fiber luminous body functions as an optical fiber luminous body by confirming the phenomenon that each crystal phase of NaI:Tl and CsI:Tl generates scintillator light by UV excitation or radiation excitation, and the light is guided in the core. I found out.
- the obtained optical fiber illuminator was cut into a length of 10 mm, the end face was mirror-polished, and the end face was optically bonded to a photomultiplier tube.
- the optical fiber luminous body was irradiated with 662 keV ⁇ -rays from a 137Cs radiation source, and the amount of luminescence was measured by a pulse counting method.
- a pulse-height spectrum was successfully acquired, a photoelectric absorption peak corresponding to ⁇ -rays of 662 keV was confirmed, and an emission amount of 25000 photons/MeV was obtained.
- the average grain size of each crystal phase of NaI:Tl and CsI:Tl was 15 ⁇ m.
- a borosilicate glass tube (cylindrical container) with an outer diameter of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 16 mm was filled with a eutectic material (melting point: 428°C) composed of NaI and CsI with Tl as the luminescence center, and argon was introduced into the glass tube. filled with gas.
- a heater was used to locally raise the temperature to the softening point (780° C.) of the borosilicate glass, and stretching was performed at a rate of 1 m/min.
- an optical fiber luminous body having a core composed of a NaI/CsI:Tl eutectic scintillator and having an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m was produced.
- An optical fiber emitter having an outer diameter of 200 ⁇ m, an inner diameter of 160 ⁇ m, and a total length of 1000 m was produced without defects such as cracks.
- This optical fiber luminous body was confirmed to function as an optical fiber luminous body by confirming the phenomenon that each crystal phase of NaI:Tl and CsI:Tl generates scintillator light by UV excitation or radiation excitation, and the light is guided in the core. found (Fig. 13).
- the obtained optical fiber illuminator was cut into a length of 10 mm, the end face was mirror-polished, and the end face was optically bonded to a photomultiplier tube.
- the optical fiber luminous body was irradiated with 662 keV ⁇ -rays from a 137Cs radiation source, and the amount of luminescence was measured by a pulse counting method.
- a pulse-height spectrum was successfully obtained, a photoelectric absorption peak corresponding to ⁇ -rays of 662 keV was confirmed, and an emission amount of 33000 photons/MeV was obtained.
- FIG. 14 shows a backscattered electron image obtained by observing the core.
- the black part was NaI and the white part was the eutectic with CsI.
- the emission peak wavelength of CsI:Tl was 0.55 nm, but the optical fiber luminous body with the NaI/CsI:Tl eutectic core having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m had an average particle size of 15 ⁇ m.
- the amount of luminescence was greater than that of an optical fiber luminous body having a core of NaI/CsI:Tl eutectic.
- the average grain size sufficiently smaller than the emission wavelength of the scintillator core, it is possible to reduce the scattering of light at the crystal grain boundaries, reduce the attenuation of light passing through the core, and improve the straightness. Therefore, the amount of light emitted from the optical fiber emitter is increased.
- T the linear transmittance
- ⁇ the light attenuation coefficient
- t the thickness of the core.
- ⁇ the sum of the sample-specific absorption coefficient and the scattering term, but the latter can be considered for a core that does not absorb the wavelength of the scintillator light.
- ⁇ g 3 ⁇ 2 d g ⁇ ng 2 / ⁇ 2 (2).
- ⁇ p 6p ⁇ 2 d p ⁇ n p 2 / ⁇ 2 (3).
- ⁇ is the wavelength of light
- p is the porosity
- d g is the average grain size of the crystal phase
- d p is the diameter of the holes
- ⁇ ng is the maximum refractive index n1 of the crystal phase having birefringence
- It is the difference ( ⁇ n g n1 ⁇ n2) of the average value n2.
- ⁇ n p is the difference between the average refractive index n1 of the crystal and the refractive index n p of the substance filling the holes. ”.
- the refractive index difference between different crystal phases is sufficiently small, the light propagates through the eutectic with sufficient straightness, so the probability of total reflection at the critical angle or more at the clad interface is high. It becomes possible to obtain an optical waveguide similar to that of a general optical fiber.
- the difference in refractive index between different crystal phases is greater than 0.1, the straightness of light deteriorates due to scattering of light within the crystal phase with a higher refractive index and scattering of light at crystal boundaries. , the probability of light penetrating into the glass clad within the critical angle increases, and the optical waveguide performance deteriorates.
- This radiation measuring device comprises an optical fiber emitter 300 , a first sensor 311 , a second sensor 312 and an arithmetic circuit 313 .
- the optical fiber light emitter 300 is the optical fiber light emitter described in each of the above-described embodiments, and is composed of a core and a clad made of a scintillator that emits light when irradiated with radiation.
- the first sensor 311 detects light reaching one end of the optical fiber emitter 300 .
- the second sensor 312 detects light reaching the other end of the optical fiber emitter 300 .
- Arithmetic circuit 313 obtains incident position 331 of radiation on optical fiber emitter 300 from at least one of the difference in light detection time and the difference in detected light quantity between first sensor 311 and second sensor 312 .
- the arithmetic circuit 313 is a computer device that includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a main memory, an external memory, etc., and the CPU operates according to a program developed in the main memory (executes the program). By doing so, each function described above can be realized.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the optical fiber emitter 300 can be formed in a coil shape.
- the optical fiber light emitter 300 formed in a coil shape can be used by winding it around a measurement object 351 that generates radiation, such as a nuclear reactor or an accelerator.
- the first sensor 311 detects the light approximately 500 ns after the incident radiation.
- the second sensor 312 detects light approximately 100 ns after the incident radiation. Note that the speed of light is calculated as 30 cm/ns.
- the photon quantity measured by the first sensor 311 is 9000 photons, and the photon quantity measured by the second sensor 312 is 10000 photons.
- the arithmetic circuit 313 obtains the position of the incident radiation in the optical fiber emitter 300 based on the above-described difference in light detection time of 400 ns or the difference in light amount of 1000 photons. In addition, by using the optical fiber emitter 300 formed in a coil shape, it is possible to three-dimensionally identify the position where the radiation is incident.
- At least one of the core and the clad has a difference in thermal expansion coefficient within 60 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /K and a difference in heat transfer rate within 30 W/m/K. , it is possible to suppress damage to the optical fiber emitter due to temperature changes.
- the core is composed of a eutectic having two crystal phases, it is possible to improve mass productivity and ease of handling in practical use.
- a eutectic has a lower melting point than a single crystal such as a single crystal, and cracks and voids are less likely to occur, making it more permissible to bend as a fiber.
- a halide having a melting point lower than that of the material is placed in a cylindrical container made of a thermoplastic material, and the container is heated and stretched.
- An optical fiber luminous body with a core can be more easily produced.
- a method for producing an optical fiber luminous body characterized in that it emits light by.
- Appendix 2 A first step of preparing a cylindrical clad, a second step of melting a halide having a melting point lower than that of a material forming the clad to form a melt, and a third step of accommodating the melt in the clad. and a fourth step of cooling and solidifying the melt accommodated in the clad to form the halide crystal, thereby forming an optical fiber light emitter having the halide crystal as a core, A method for producing an optical fiber light emitter, wherein the halide crystal emits light when irradiated with radiation.
- Appendix 3 In the method for producing an optical fiber luminous body according to Appendix 2, the third step is characterized in that the melt is contained in the clad by sucking the melt into the interior of the clad. Method.
- the third step includes pushing up the melt into the clad to accommodate the melt in the clad.
- Appendix 5 In the method for producing an optical fiber luminous body according to any one of Appendices 2 to 4, the first step prepares a clad array in which a plurality of the clads are bundled, and the third step prepares each of the clad arrays. A method for producing an optical fiber light emitter, wherein the melt is contained in the clad.
- a method for producing an optical fiber luminous body characterized in that it emits light by.
- a fiber optic illuminator comprising a core of a luminous halide crystal and a cladding of a thermoplastic material.
- An optical fiber illuminator characterized in that:
- optical fiber luminous body according to appendix 7 or 8, wherein the optical fiber luminous body is a multi-core fiber having a plurality of said cores in the same fiber body.
- Appendix 10 The optical fiber luminous body according to appendix 9, wherein the diameter of the core, the thickness of the clad, and the outer diameter decrease from one end to the other end.
- An optical fiber luminous body comprising a core composed of a eutectic having two crystalline phases and a cladding, wherein at least one of said crystalline phases emits light upon radiation.
- Appendix 13 13
- Appendix 14 13 The optical fiber luminous body according to appendix 12, wherein the refractive index difference between the two crystal phases is 0.1 or less at the emission wavelength.
- Appendix 15 15. The optical fiber light emitter according to appendix 14, wherein the two crystal phases have an average crystal grain size of 30 ⁇ m or less.
- Appendix 16 16. The optical fiber luminous body according to any one of Appendices 7 to 15, wherein the core is composed of an oxide crystal or a halide crystal that emits light when irradiated with radiation.
- Appendix 17 A radiation measuring device comprising the optical fiber light emitter according to any one of Appendices 7 to 16.
- Appendix 18 A light emitter array in which a plurality of optical fiber light emitters according to any one of Appendices 7 to 16 are bundled.
- a radiation measuring device comprising the light emitter array of appendix 18.
- An optical fiber luminous body composed of a core and a cladding made of a scintillator that emits light when irradiated with radiation, a first sensor for detecting light reaching one end of the optical fiber luminous body, and the other end of the optical fiber luminous body.
- a second sensor that detects incoming light, and the position of incidence of radiation on the optical fiber emitter is determined by at least one of a difference in light detection time and a difference in amount of light detected between the first sensor and the second sensor.
- a radiation measuring device comprising an arithmetic circuit for obtaining
- Appendix 21 21.
- 101 container, 102... core material, 103... core, 104... clad, 105... optical fiber emitter, 151... heater.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の実施の形態1に係る光ファイバー発光体の作製方法について図1A、図1Bを参照して説明する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2に係る光ファイバー発光体の作製方法について、図6を参照して説明する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態3に係る光ファイバー発光体の作製方法について、図8を参照して説明する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態4に係る光ファイバー発光体300について、図9を参照して説明する。上述した光ファイバー発光体は、コアとクラッドとの熱膨張係数差が大きい場合、温度変化などにより内部の結晶にクラックやボイドが生じ、透過率の低下や発光量の減少といったシンチレータ性能の劣化が生じ、結果として放射線検出器としての性能が劣化する。さらに、クラッドの膨張や割れが生じ、光ファイバー発光体が破損する。クラッドに対しコアの熱伝導率が大きい場合にも、クラッドに割れが生じる場合がある。例えば、光ファイバー発光体の製造過程では、ファイバー状となったコアから優先的に冷却が進み、クラッドとコアとの間の熱ひずみが大きくなり割れが生じるものと考えられる。
Cr:Al2O3は、珪酸ガラス管をクラッド材とした上述した条件において溶融せず、光ファイバー発光体を成型できなかった。また比較例として、Pb、Naに関しては、ほう珪酸ガラス管が割れ、光ファイバー発光体を成型できなかった。
次に、本発明の実施の形態5に係る光ファイバー発光体について説明する。この光ファイバー発光体は、シンチレータからなるコアと、クラッドとを備え、コアを、2つの結晶相を有する共晶体から構成されたものである。コアを構成する共晶体は、少なくとも1つの結晶相が放射線により発光する。
熱可塑性を有するクラッド材料から構成された筒状の容器に、前記クラッド材料より融点が低いハロゲン化物からなるコア材料を収容する第1工程と、前記コア材料を収容した前記容器を加熱して延伸することで、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶から構成されたコアと、前記クラッド材料から構成されたクラッドとからなる光ファイバー発光体を形成する第2工程とを備え、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶は、放射線の照射により発光することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。
筒状のクラッドを用意する第1工程と、前記クラッドを構成する材料より融点が低いハロゲン化物を溶融して融液を形成する第2工程と、前記クラッドに前記融液を収容する第3工程と、前記クラッドに収容された前記融液を冷却して固化して前記ハロゲン化物の結晶とすることで、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶をコアとする光ファイバー発光体を形成する第4工程とを備え、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶は、放射線の照射により発光することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。
付記2記載の光ファイバー発光体の作製方法において、前記第3工程は、前記融液を前記クラッドの内部に吸い上げることで、前記クラッドに前記融液を収容することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。
付記2記載の光ファイバー発光体の作製方法において、前記第3工程は、前記融液を前記クラッドの内部に押し上げることで、前記クラッドに前記融液を収容することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。
付記2~4のいずれか1項に記載の光ファイバー発光体の作製方法において、前記第1工程は、前記クラッドを複数束ねたクラッドアレイを用意し、前記第3工程は、前記クラッドアレイの各々の前記クラッドに前記融液を収容することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。
筒状のクラッドに、前記クラッドを構成する材料より融点が低いハロゲン化物からなるコア材料を収容する第1工程と、前記クラッドに収容した前記コア材料を溶融する第2工程と、溶融した前記コア材料を冷却して固化して前記ハロゲン化物の結晶とすることで、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶をコアとする光ファイバー発光体を形成する第3工程とを備え、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶は、放射線の照射により発光することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。
発光するハロゲン化物結晶からなるコアと、熱可塑性を有する材料から構成されたクラッドとを備える光ファイバー発光体。
シンチレータからなるコアと、クラッドとを備え、前記コアと前記クラッドとは、熱膨張係数差が60×10-6/K以内、および熱伝統率差が30W/m/K以内の少なくとも一方の状態とされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
付記7または8記載の光ファイバー発光体において、同一のファイバー本体に複数の前記コアを有するマルチコアファイバーとされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
付記9記載の光ファイバー発光体において、前記コアの径、前記クラッドの厚さ、および外径が、一端側から他端側にかけて小さくなっていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
付記9記載の光ファイバー発光体において、前記コアは、断面視矩形とされ、断面方向に矩形配列されていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
2つの結晶相を有する共晶体から構成されたコアと、クラッドとを備え、少なくとも1つの前記結晶相が放射線により発光することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
付記12記載の光ファイバー発光体において、2つの前記結晶相の平均結晶粒径が30μm以下とされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
付記12記載の光ファイバー発光体において、2つの前記結晶相の間の屈折率差が発光波長において0.1以下とされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
付記14記載の光ファイバー発光体において、2つの前記結晶相の平均結晶粒径が30μm以下とされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
付記7~15のいずれか1項に記載の光ファイバー発光体において、前記コアは、放射線の照射により発光する酸化物結晶あるいはハロゲン化物結晶から構成されていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。
付記7~16のいずれかの光ファイバー発光体を備える放射線測定装置。
付記7~16のいずれかの光ファイバー発光体を複数束ねた発光体アレー。
付記18の発光体アレーを備える放射線測定装置。
放射線の照射により発光するシンチレータからなるコアとクラッドとから構成された光ファイバー発光体と、前記光ファイバー発光体の一端側に到達する光を検知する第1センサと、前記光ファイバー発光体の他端側に到達する光を検知する第2センサと、前記第1センサと前記第2センサとの間の、光検知時刻の差および検知した光量の差の少なくとも1つにより前記光ファイバー発光体における放射線の入射位置を求める演算回路とを備える放射線測定装置。
付記20記載の放射線測定装置において、前記光ファイバー発光体は、コイル状に形成されていることを特徴とする放射線測定装置。
Claims (21)
- 熱可塑性を有するクラッド材料から構成された筒状の容器に、前記クラッド材料より融点が低いハロゲン化物からなるコア材料を収容する第1工程と、
前記コア材料を収容した前記容器を加熱して延伸することで、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶から構成されたコアと、前記クラッド材料から構成されたクラッドとからなる光ファイバー発光体を形成する第2工程と
を備え、
前記ハロゲン化物の結晶は、放射線の照射により発光することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。 - 筒状のクラッドを用意する第1工程と、
前記クラッドを構成する材料より融点が低いハロゲン化物を溶融して融液を形成する第2工程と、
前記クラッドに前記融液を収容する第3工程と、
前記クラッドに収容された前記融液を冷却して固化して前記ハロゲン化物の結晶とすることで、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶をコアとする光ファイバー発光体を形成する第4工程と
を備え、
前記ハロゲン化物の結晶は、放射線の照射により発光することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。 - 請求項2記載の光ファイバー発光体の作製方法において、
前記第3工程は、前記融液を前記クラッドの内部に吸い上げることで、前記クラッドに前記融液を収容する
ことを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。 - 請求項2記載の光ファイバー発光体の作製方法において、
前記第3工程は、前記融液を前記クラッドの内部に押し上げることで、前記クラッドに前記融液を収容する
ことを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。 - 請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の光ファイバー発光体の作製方法において、
前記第1工程は、前記クラッドを複数束ねたクラッドアレイを用意し、
前記第3工程は、前記クラッドアレイの各々の前記クラッドに前記融液を収容する
ことを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。 - 筒状のクラッドに、前記クラッドを構成する材料より融点が低いハロゲン化物からなるコア材料を収容する第1工程と、
前記クラッドに収容した前記コア材料を溶融する第2工程と、
溶融した前記コア材料を冷却して固化して前記ハロゲン化物の結晶とすることで、前記ハロゲン化物の結晶をコアとする光ファイバー発光体を形成する第3工程と
を備え、
前記ハロゲン化物の結晶は、放射線の照射により発光することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体の作製方法。 - 発光するハロゲン化物結晶からなるコアと、
熱可塑性を有する材料から構成されたクラッドと
を備える光ファイバー発光体。 - シンチレータからなるコアと、クラッドとを備え、
前記コアと前記クラッドとは、熱膨張係数差が60×10-6/K以内、および熱伝統率差が30W/m/K以内の少なくとも一方の状態とされている
ことを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 請求項7または8記載の光ファイバー発光体において、
同一のファイバー本体に複数の前記コアを有するマルチコアファイバーとされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 請求項9記載の光ファイバー発光体において、
前記コアの径、前記クラッドの厚さ、および外径が、一端側から他端側にかけて小さくなっていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 請求項9記載の光ファイバー発光体において、
前記コアは、断面視矩形とされ、断面方向に矩形配列されていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 2つの結晶相を有する共晶体から構成されたコアと、
クラッドと
を備え、
少なくとも1つの前記結晶相が放射線により発光することを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 請求項12記載の光ファイバー発光体において、
2つの前記結晶相の平均結晶粒径が30μm以下とされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 請求項12記載の光ファイバー発光体において、
2つの前記結晶相の間の屈折率差が発光波長において0.1以下とされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 請求項14記載の光ファイバー発光体において、
2つの前記結晶相の平均結晶粒径が30μm以下とされていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 請求項7または8記載の光ファイバー発光体において、
前記コアは、放射線の照射により発光する酸化物結晶あるいはハロゲン化物結晶から構成されていることを特徴とする光ファイバー発光体。 - 請求項7または8の光ファイバー発光体を備える放射線測定装置。
- 請求項7または8の光ファイバー発光体を複数束ねた発光体アレー。
- 請求項18の発光体アレーを備える放射線測定装置。
- 放射線の照射により発光するシンチレータからなるコアとクラッドとから構成された光ファイバー発光体と、
前記光ファイバー発光体の一端側に到達する光を検知する第1センサと、
前記光ファイバー発光体の他端側に到達する光を検知する第2センサと、
前記第1センサと前記第2センサとの間の、光検知時刻の差および検知した光量の差の少なくとも1つにより前記光ファイバー発光体における放射線の入射位置を求める演算回路と
を備える放射線測定装置。 - 請求項20記載の放射線測定装置において、
前記光ファイバー発光体は、コイル状に形成されていることを特徴とする放射線測定装置。
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JPS56100147A (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1981-08-11 | Fujikura Ltd | Manufacture of two-component ionic crystal optical fiber |
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