WO2023005474A1 - 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023005474A1
WO2023005474A1 PCT/CN2022/098842 CN2022098842W WO2023005474A1 WO 2023005474 A1 WO2023005474 A1 WO 2023005474A1 CN 2022098842 W CN2022098842 W CN 2022098842W WO 2023005474 A1 WO2023005474 A1 WO 2023005474A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
hole
main shaft
sand
frozen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/098842
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
单忠德
杨浩秦
刘亲将
Original Assignee
南京航空航天大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 南京航空航天大学 filed Critical 南京航空航天大学
Priority to US18/008,979 priority Critical patent/US20240024956A1/en
Publication of WO2023005474A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005474A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
    • B23Q11/005—Devices for removing chips by blowing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/10—Cutting tools with special provision for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C23/00—Tools; Devices not mentioned before for moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/04—Drills for trepanning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of accessories for special processing machine tools, and in particular relates to a low-temperature air flow auxiliary sand discharge device and method for cutting frozen sand molds.
  • the sand molds use water as a binder and various sand mold particles as refractory aggregates. After the molding sand particles mixed with an appropriate amount of water are frozen in a low temperature environment to prepare frozen sand billets, the rapid forming of frozen sand molds is realized through digital non-pattern casting forming technology based on the principle of cutting forming, and finally qualified castings are obtained by pouring.
  • the problem of sand discharge is the main problem affecting the cutting precision and tool life.
  • the traditional cutting fluid cannot be used to clean the waste sand.
  • the waste sand stays in the sand mold and produces harmful friction with the tool, which aggravates the wear of the tool and reduces the service life of the tool.
  • High-speed cutting sand mold produces splashed sand, Sputtering onto the mold surface can impair surface quality.
  • cutting heat is generated to melt the surface of frozen sand molds.
  • the waste chips cut from the frozen sand mold are different from the waste chips of the general sand mold.
  • the former uses water as the binder of the sand mold, so the chips contain a lot of ice and water during the cutting process. If they are not cleaned in time, the falling ice chips and Small water droplets will stick to the surface of the processed sand mold or even the tool in a low temperature environment, seriously affecting the surface quality of the sand mold and the use of the tool. Therefore, sand discharge in the whole frozen sand molding process is a problem that must be solved in the digital moldless frozen casting forming process.
  • the present invention discloses a low-temperature airflow follow-up auxiliary sand-discharging device for cutting frozen sand molds.
  • the device can effectively reduce the cutting temperature during low-temperature cutting of frozen sand molds, protect the frozen sand molds from being damaged by cutting heat, and realize With cutting and blowing, the waste sand can be quickly cleaned, the impact of residual waste sand on the surface quality of the sand mold and the wear on the tool can be reduced, and the surface quality of the frozen sand mold and the tool life can be improved.
  • a low-temperature air flow auxiliary sand-discharging device for frozen sand mold cutting includes a hollow cutter, a main shaft installed on the hollow cutter, a gas pipe, and a refrigeration device connected to one end of the gas pipe; wherein the The refrigeration device is connected and fixed with the air pump through a valve; wherein the inner cavity of the hollow tool is provided with a tool through hole along the axis; the inner cavity of the main shaft has a main shaft through hole along the axis; the tool through hole and the main shaft through hole are coaxial There is a bearing seat hole at the upper end of the main shaft to place the bearing, the outer ring of the bearing matches the bearing seat hole and the inner ring is equipped with an air pipe joint; the air pipe joint is connected and fixed to the air pipe; the surface of the hollow tool is provided with The air injection hole communicates with the through hole of the tool.
  • the further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the lower end of the main shaft is installed with the hollow tool through the collet; while the hollow tool is securely and reliably clamped, the through hole is guaranteed to be in direct alignment.
  • the further improvement of the present invention is that: the cutter head end face of the hollow tool has a leading edge cutting edge and the outer cylindrical surface is provided with a helical cutting edge, so the number of air injection holes is the same as or less than the number of cutting edges of the hollow tool, along the Cut the helical direction of the helical cutting edge, evenly distributed at the interval of the helical cutting edge.
  • the further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the included angle between the central axis of the air injection hole and the cross section of the hollow tool is larger than 0°.
  • the further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the included angle between the central axis of the air injection hole and the central axis of the hollow cutter is 60° to 70°.
  • a low-temperature air flow auxiliary sand discharge method for frozen sand mold cutting includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 using a hollow tool and a main shaft, wherein the hollow tool is provided with a tool through hole, and the main shaft is provided with a main shaft through hole; the tool through hole is connected with the main shaft through hole as an air injection channel;
  • Step 2 Connect the air pipe to the refrigeration device and air pump installed on the air pipe, and the upper end of the main shaft is provided with an air pipe joint;
  • Step 3 During the NC machining process of the frozen sand mold, open the air pump and the valve, so that the compressed air in the air pump passes through the refrigeration device along the air pipe to become a low-temperature air flow;
  • Step 4 The low-temperature air flows from the air pipe joint through the air channel of the main shaft and the hollow tool, and finally sprays out at high speed from the air outlet and air injection hole at the bottom of the hollow tool to reduce the temperature of the cutting area and blow the waste sand far away from the sand mold.
  • valve is a solenoid valve, and the gas flow of the valve is controlled by an electric signal.
  • the refrigerating device should be able to ensure that the temperature of the cold air measured at the air outlet of the hollow cutter is not higher than -30°C and blow out sufficiently dry cold air.
  • the invention adopts a hollow tool with a hollow flat bottom and multiple cutting edges, which has a larger chip space than ordinary milling cutters, and a larger space for chip removal, which can prevent the ice chips from being easily piled up and bonded when cutting frozen sand molds. The phenomenon that cannot be discharged together appears.
  • the working principle of the present invention is: in the processing process, the air pump and the refrigeration device are first started, and the valve installed on the air pipe can be an electromagnetic valve, which can be opened under the control of the numerical control system. Measure the temperature of the cold air near the air outlet of the air injection hole or the tool through hole to obtain the information of the temperature of the cold air outlet. After ensuring that the temperature of the cold air blown from the hollow tool is not higher than -30°C, start the digital moldless freezing casting machine and start Cutting frozen sand mold. Because the cold air is ejected through the jet channel composed of the hollow cutter and the main shaft, it can be blown as it is cut.
  • the air pump sends the high-pressure air source into the refrigeration device, and the low-temperature and sufficiently dry high-speed low-temperature airflow is obtained from the refrigeration device.
  • the low-temperature airflow passes through the air pipe and enters the air injection channel composed of the through hole of the spindle and the hollow tool through the air pipe joint.
  • the air jet hole of the hollow tool and the air outlet at the lower end of the tool through hole are finally sprayed to the cutting area of the tool, forming a high-speed and low-temperature airflow in the cutting area, and blowing the waste sand generated by cutting out of the area of the frozen sand mold in time to prevent residual sand Chips are bonded to the machined surface of the frozen sand mold through the ice and water contained in it at low temperature, reducing the surface accuracy of the sand mold; at the same time, the temperature of the cutting area is reduced through strong heat exchange, which not only protects the frozen sand mold from damage but also improves the precision of the processing tool. life.
  • the device of the present invention uses a hollow cutter to spray high-pressure cold air from the air jet hole on the cutter and the air outlet at the bottom, so as to realize cutting and blowing, and blow away waste sand in time to avoid a large amount of accumulated waste sand significantly affect subsequent machining accuracy and tool life.
  • this device blows out high-speed and low-temperature airflow to the cutting area, and reduces the temperature of the cutting area through forced convection heat exchange, preventing the frozen water that acts as a binder in the frozen sand mold from being melted, and lowering the cutting temperature can also control Tool wear increases tool life.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a front sectional view of the main shaft and the tool part of the present invention.
  • 1 jet hole
  • 2 tool through hole
  • 3 hollow tool
  • 4 collet chuck
  • 5 spindle
  • 6 spindle through hole
  • 7 bearing
  • 8 air pipe joint
  • 9 air pipe
  • 10 Frozen sand mold
  • 11 refrigerating device
  • 12 valve
  • 13 air pump.
  • a low-temperature air flow auxiliary sand discharge device for cutting frozen sand molds in this embodiment includes a frozen sand mold 10 to be processed, a hollow cutter 3 and a spindle 5 for installing the hollow cutter 3, and the upper end of the spindle 5
  • There is a bearing seat hole for placing the bearing 7 the outer ring of the bearing 7 is matched with the bearing seat hole, and the inner ring of the bearing 7 is installed with a gas pipe joint 8 for connecting to the gas pipe 9, and the gas pipe 9 is connected to the refrigeration device 11,
  • the valve 12 is connected with the air pump 13, wherein the valve 12 is used to adjust the flow rate of the compressed gas.
  • a hollow tool 3 is used, and the hollow tool 3 is provided with a tool through hole 2 as an air injection channel along the axis.
  • the main shaft 5 is also provided with a main shaft through hole 6 along the axis as an air injection channel.
  • the collet 4 is used to install the hollow tool 3 on the main shaft 5, and the hollow tool 3 is securely and reliably clamped while ensuring that the through holes are facing each other.
  • the outer wall of the tool through hole 2 of the hollow cutter 3 adopted in the present invention is provided with an air injection hole 1 connected with the through hole, and the air injection hole 1 is arranged in multiples.
  • there are four helical cutting edges on the hollow cutter 3 The air jet holes 1 should be evenly arranged around the circumferential interval of the tool through hole 2 of the hollow tool 3, because the position of the air jet holes 1 can not destroy the cutting edge on the outer cylindrical surface of the hollow tool 3, so the number of air jet holes and the hollow tool cutting edge The number of strips is the same or less, along the helical direction of the cutting edge, evenly distributed at the interval of the cutting edge.
  • the included angle between the central axis of the air injection hole 1 and the cross section of the hollow tool is greater than 0°, that is, the air injection hole 1 and the cross section of the hollow tool 3 are not arranged in parallel, but inject gas obliquely to the sand processing surface.
  • the included angle between the central axis of the air injection hole 1 and the central axis of the hollow tool 3 is 60° to 70°.
  • the air pump 13 and the refrigeration device 11 are first started, and the valve 12 installed on the air pipe 9 can be a solenoid valve, which can be opened under the control of the numerical control system. Measure the temperature of the cold air near the air outlet of the air injection hole 1 or the tool through hole 2 to obtain the temperature information of the cold air outlet, and ensure that the temperature of the cold air blown from the hollow tool 3 is not higher than -30°C before starting the digital moldless freezing casting Machine, start cutting frozen sand mold 10. Because the cold air is ejected through the jet channel composed of the hollow cutter and the main shaft, it can be blown as it is cut.
  • the air pump 13 sends the high-pressure air source into the refrigeration device 11, and obtains a low-temperature and sufficiently dry high-speed low-temperature airflow from the refrigeration device 11.
  • the low-temperature airflow passes through the air pipe 9 and enters from the main shaft 5 and the hollow tool 3 through the air pipe joint 8.
  • the air jet channel formed by the through holes it is finally sprayed from the air jet hole 1 of the hollow tool and the air outlet at the lower end of the tool through hole 2 to the cutting area of the tool.
  • the sand blowing device of the present invention carries out sand blowing and chip removal together with the movement of the tool.
  • the high-speed and low-temperature airflow blown out is suitable for the cutting and forming process of frozen sand molds, and can meet the special requirements of frozen sand molds for sand removal.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，包括空心刀具（3）、安装在空心刀具（3）上的主轴（5）、气管（9）、与气管（9）的一端连接的制冷装置（11）；制冷装置（11）通过阀门（12）与气泵（13）连接固定；空心刀具（3）的内腔沿轴线设有刀具通孔（2）；主轴（5）的内腔沿轴线设置有主轴通孔（6）；主轴（5）上端开有轴承座孔用以放置轴承（7），轴承（7）的外圈与轴承座孔配合且内圈安装气管接头（8）；气管接头（8）与气管（9）连接固定；空心刀具（3）的表面设有与刀具通孔（2）贯通的喷气孔（1）。以及一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂方法。该装置用于冷冻砂型切削成型过程中的废砂清理，可确保冷冻砂型加工表面没有残留废砂堆积黏结的现象，减小砂屑对刀具和砂型的影响，提高砂型的表面精度，延长刀具的使用寿命。

Description

一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于特种加工机床附件领域，具体涉及一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法。
背景技术
传统铸造行业的能源和资源消耗非常大，木模/金属模翻模制备铸型制造周期长、尺寸精度低、污染排放大，绿色铸造、清洁生产已成为铸造行业当前最为紧迫的任务。铸造用冷冻砂型应运而生，该砂型采用水做黏结剂，各种砂型颗粒作为耐火骨料。混有适量水分的型砂颗粒在低温环境下冻结制备冷冻砂坯后，通过基于切削成形原理的数字化无模铸造成形技术实现冷冻砂型的快速成形，最后浇注获得合格铸件。浇注时冷冻砂型中的水分迅速蒸发，不易产生气孔等缺陷，浇注后冷冻砂型自行溃散，且冷冻铸造试样抗拉强度等性能均会提高。
在冷冻砂型的数控切削成形过程中，排砂问题是影响切削加工精度和刀具寿命的主要问题。对于冷冻砂型切削成形过程，不能用传统的切削液进行废砂的清理，废砂滞留在砂型中与刀具产生有害摩擦，加剧刀具的磨损，降低刀具使用寿命，高速切削砂型产生飞溅的砂屑，溅射到砂型表面上会损害表面质量。在高速切削冷冻砂型过程中，会产生切削热从而融化冷冻砂型表面。且从冷冻砂型切除的废屑，不同于一般砂型的废屑，前者通过水作为砂型的黏结剂，故在切除过程中 切屑含有大量的冰和水，如不及时清理，掉落的冰屑和小水滴会在低温环境下黏结在已加工的砂型表面上甚至刀具上，严重影响砂型表面质量和刀具的使用。故在整个冷冻砂型加工过程中排砂是数字化无模冷冻铸造成形过程中必须要解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明公开了一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，该装置可以在低温切削冷冻砂型过程中有效地降低切削温度，保护冷冻砂型不被切削热破坏，实现随切随吹，快速清理废砂，减少残留废砂对砂型表面质量的影响和对刀具的磨损，提高冷冻砂型的表面质量和刀具寿命。
为实现上述装置的功能，一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，包括空心刀具、安装在空心刀具上的主轴、气管、与所述气管的一端连接的制冷装置；其中所述制冷装置通过阀门与气泵连接固定；其中所述空心刀具的内腔沿轴线设有刀具通孔；所述主轴的内腔沿轴线这有主轴通孔；所述刀具通孔和主轴通孔共轴线正对相通；主轴上端开有轴承座孔用以放置轴承，轴承的外圈与轴承座孔配合且内圈安装气管接头；其中所述气管接头与所述气管连接固定；空心刀具的表面设有与所述刀具通孔贯通的喷气孔。
本发明进一步改进在于：所述主轴的下端通过弹簧夹头安装所述空心刀具；在安全可靠地夹紧空心刀具的同时保证通孔正对。
本发明进一步改进在于：所述空心刀具的刀头端面有前缘切削刃 且外圆柱面设有螺旋切削刃，所以喷气孔的数量与空心刀具的切削刃的条数相同或更少，沿着切螺旋削刃的螺旋方向，均匀分布在螺旋切削刃的间隔处。
本发明进一步改进在于：所述喷气孔的中心轴线与所述空心刀具的横截面的夹角大于0°。
本发明进一步改进在于：所述喷气孔的中心轴线与所述空心刀具的中心轴线夹角为60°至70°。
一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：采用空心刀具和主轴，其中空心刀具设有刀具通孔，所述主轴上设有主轴通孔；刀具通孔与主轴通孔相连通作为喷气通道；
步骤2：将气管与设置在气管上的制冷装置和气泵相连，主轴上端设置有气管接头；
步骤3：在冷冻砂型数控加工过程中，开启气泵和阀门，使气泵中的压缩空气沿气管经制冷装置成为低温气流；
步骤4：低温气流从气管接头流经主轴和空心刀具的喷气通道，最后从空心刀具底部出气口和喷气孔高速喷出，降低切削区域的温度，同时也将废砂远远吹离砂型。
其中所述阀门是电磁阀，通过电信号控制阀门的气体流量。
所述制冷装置应能确保空心刀具喷气口处测量的冷风温度不高于-30℃以及吹出足够干燥的冷风。
本发明采用空心平底多切削刃的空心刀具，具有比普通铣刀更大 的容屑空间，排屑的空间较大，可以抑制在切削冷冻砂型时切下的冰屑很容易堆屑并粘接在一起无法排出的现象出现。
本发明的工作原理是：在加工过程中，气泵和制冷装置首先启动，气管上安装的阀门可采用电磁阀，可以在数控系统的控制下打开。在喷气孔或刀具通孔的出气口附件测量冷风的温度，得到其冷风出口温度信息，确保从空心刀具吹出的冷风温度不高于-30℃后，再启动数字化无模冷冻铸造成形机，开始切削冷冻砂型。因为冷风通过空心刀具和主轴组成的喷气通道喷出，因此实现随切随吹。在切削过程中，气泵将高压气源送入制冷装置，从制冷装置中得到低温且足够干燥的高速低温气流，低温气流经气管由气管接头进入由主轴和空心刀具的通孔所组成的喷气通道中，最终从空心刀具的喷气孔和刀具通孔下端的出气口喷射到刀具的切削区域，在切削区域形成高速低温气流，将切削产生的废砂及时快速的吹出冷冻砂型的区域，防止残留砂屑通过其中所含的冰、水在低温环境下黏结在冷冻砂型已加工表面上，降低砂型表面精度；同时通过强换热降低切削区域的温度，既保护冷冻砂型不受破坏又提高加工刀具的寿命。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、排砂及时；本发明装置通过采用空心刀具，将高压冷风是从刀具上的喷气孔和底部的出气口中喷出，实现随切随吹，及时吹走废砂，避免大量堆积的废砂严重影响后续加工精度和刀具寿命。
2、彻底地清理废砂；在实际操作过程中，由于高压冷风直接从刀具内部喷出，近距离作用下将加工冷冻砂型产生的砂屑远远吹飞， 确保冷冻砂型表面没有残留的砂屑，防止砂屑通过其上的冰、水在低温环境下黏结在已加工的砂型表面上，破坏砂型的表面精度。
3、保护冷冻砂型提高刀具寿命；本装置通过吹出高速低温气流到切削区域，通过强制对流换热降低切削区温度，避免冷冻砂型中充当黏结剂的冻结水被融化，并且降低切削温度还能控制刀具磨损，提高刀具寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明主轴与刀具部分的主视剖面图。
图中，1—喷气孔、2—刀具通孔、3—空心刀具、4—弹簧夹头、5—主轴、6—主轴通孔、7—轴承、8—气管接头、9—气管、10—冷冻砂型、11—制冷装置、12—阀门、13—气泵。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明，应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。需要说明的是，下面描述中使用的词语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”和“下”指的是附图中的方向，词语“内”和“外”分别指的是朝向或远离特定部件几何中心的方向。
如图1和2所示，本实施例的一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，包括待加工的冷冻砂型10，空心刀具3及安装空心 刀具3的主轴5，主轴5上端开有轴承座孔用以放置轴承7，轴承7外圈与轴承座孔配合，轴承7的内圈安装气管接头8用来接入气管9，气管9与设置在气管9上的制冷装置11、阀门12和气泵13相连，其中阀门12用来调节压缩气体的流量。
本实施例中采用了空心刀具3，所述空心刀具3沿轴线设置有刀具通孔2作为喷气通道，相应的，主轴5也在沿轴线设置有主轴通孔6作为喷气通道，在空心刀具安装在主轴上时，应保证刀具通孔2与主轴通孔6共轴线正对，使这两个通孔组成的喷气通道正常输送低温气流。优选地，在主轴5上采用弹簧夹头4安装空心刀具3，在安全可靠地夹紧空心刀具3的同时保证通孔正对。
本发明采用的空心刀具3的刀具通孔2的外壁上开设有与所述通孔贯通的喷气孔1，所述喷气孔1设置为多个，实例中空心刀具3上有四条螺旋切削刃，喷气孔1应围绕所述空心刀具3的刀具通孔2的周向间隔均匀布置，因喷气孔1的位置不能破坏空心刀具3外圆柱面上的切削刃，所以喷气孔数量与空心刀具切削刃的条数相同或更少，沿着切削刃螺旋方向，均匀分布在切削刃的间隔处。
本发明所述喷气孔1的中心轴线与所述空心刀具的横截面的夹角大于0°，即喷气孔1与空心刀具3的横截面不是平行设置，而是倾斜向砂型加工表面喷射气体。优选地，喷气孔1的中心轴线与所述空心刀具3的中心轴线夹角为60°至70°。
在加工过程中，气泵13和制冷装置11首先启动，气管9上安装的阀门12可采用电磁阀，可以在数控系统的控制下打开。在喷气孔 1或刀具通孔2的出气口附件测量冷风的温度，得到其冷风出口温度信息，确保从空心刀具3吹出的冷风温度不高于-30℃后，再启动数字化无模冷冻铸造成形机，开始切削冷冻砂型10。因为冷风通过空心刀具和主轴组成的喷气通道喷出，因此实现随切随吹。在切削过程中，气泵13将高压气源送入制冷装置11，从制冷装置11中得到低温且足够干燥的高速低温气流，低温气流经气管9由气管接头8进入由主轴5和空心刀具3的通孔所组成的喷气通道中，最终从空心刀具的喷气孔1和刀具通孔2下端的出气口喷射到刀具的切削区域，在切削区域形成高速低温气流，将切削产生的废砂及时快速的吹出冷冻砂型10的区域，防止残留砂屑通过其中所含的冰、水在低温环境下黏结在冷冻砂型已加工表面，降低砂型表面精度；同时通过强换热降低切削区域的温度，即保护冷冻砂型10不受破坏又提高空心刀具3的寿命。
本发明的排砂装置吹砂排屑随刀具移动一起进行，吹出的高速低温气流适用于冷冻砂型的切削成形过程，能够满足冷冻砂型对于排砂的特殊要求。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，其特征在于：包括空心刀具(3)、安装在空心刀具(3)上的主轴(5)、气管(9)、与所述气管(9)的一端连接的制冷装置(11)；其中所述制冷装置(11)通过阀门(12)与气泵(13)连接固定；其中所述空心刀具(3)的内腔沿轴线设有刀具通孔(2)；所述主轴(5)的内腔沿轴线这有主轴通孔(6)；所述刀具通孔(2)和主轴通孔(6)共轴线正对相通；主轴(5)上端开有轴承座孔用以放置轴承(7)，轴承(7)的外圈与轴承座孔配合且内圈安装气管接头(8)；其中所述气管接头(8)与所述气管(9)连接固定；空心刀具(3)的表面设有与所述刀具通孔(2)贯通的喷气孔(1)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，其特征在于：所述主轴(5)的下端通过弹簧夹头(4)安装所述空心刀具(3)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，其特征在于：所述空心刀具(3)的刀头端面有前缘切削刃且外圆柱面设有螺旋切削刃，所以喷气孔(1)的数量与空心刀具(3)的切削刃的条数相同或更少，沿着螺旋切削刃的螺旋方向，均匀分布在螺旋切削刃的间隔处。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，其特征在于：所述喷气孔(1)的中心轴线与所述空心刀具(3)的横截面的夹角大于0°。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置，其特征在于：所述喷气孔(1)的中心轴线与所述空心刀具(3)的中心轴线夹角为60°至70°。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：采用空心刀具(3)和主轴(5)，其中空心刀具(3)设有刀具通孔(2)，所述主轴(5)上设有主轴通孔(6)；刀具通孔(2)与主轴通孔(6)相连通作为喷气通道；
    步骤2：将气管(9)与设置在气管(9)上的制冷装置(11)和气泵(13)相连，主轴(5)上端设置有气管接头(8)；
    步骤3：在冷冻砂型数控加工过程中，开启气泵(13)和阀门(12)，使气泵(13)中的压缩空气沿气管(9)经制冷装置(11)成为低温气流；
    步骤4：低温气流从气管接头(8)流经主轴(5)和空心刀具(3)的喷气通道，最后从空心刀具(3)底部出气口和喷气孔(1)高速喷出，降低切削区域的温度，同时也将废砂远远吹离砂型。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂方法，其特征在于：所述阀门(12)是电磁阀，通过电信号控制阀门的气体流量。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂方法，其特征在于：所述制冷装置(11)应能确保空心刀具喷气口处测量的冷风温度不高于-30℃以及能吹出足够干燥的冷风。
PCT/CN2022/098842 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法 WO2023005474A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18/008,979 US20240024956A1 (en) 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 Low-temperature airflow follow-up auxiliary sand discharge apparatus and method for cutting frozen sand mold

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110857648.0A CN113560495B (zh) 2021-07-28 2021-07-28 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法
CN202110857648.0 2021-07-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023005474A1 true WO2023005474A1 (zh) 2023-02-02

Family

ID=78168492

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/098842 WO2023005474A1 (zh) 2021-07-28 2022-06-15 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20240024956A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN113560495B (zh)
WO (1) WO2023005474A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113560495B (zh) * 2021-07-28 2022-05-03 南京航空航天大学 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法
CN114951547B (zh) * 2022-03-02 2024-04-09 中国机械科学研究总院集团有限公司 一种用于冷冻砂型切削成形的排砂介质改性方法及装置
CN114558995A (zh) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-31 南京航空航天大学 一种冷冻砂型打印低温喷头气体随动扫描装置
CN116571794B (zh) * 2023-05-31 2024-04-19 南京航空航天大学 柔性装夹制冷一体化的多工位冷冻砂型卧式加工中心

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6443672B1 (en) * 1998-01-27 2002-09-03 Sandvik Aktiebolag Cutting tool with nozzle
DE102004040166A1 (de) * 2004-08-18 2006-03-02 Isel Automation Kg Kühlverfahren und -system
CN101372135A (zh) * 2008-09-24 2009-02-25 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种铸型数控加工的排砂方法及其装置
CN201350492Y (zh) * 2008-12-18 2009-11-25 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种大中型砂型的数字化加工设备
EP2353779A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 University of Ljubljana Cutting tool holder arrangement
CN202894230U (zh) * 2012-10-26 2013-04-24 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 吹砂装置及具有其的数字化无模铸造成型机
CN105665637A (zh) * 2016-03-11 2016-06-15 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种冰冻砂型的无模铸造成形方法
CN207386596U (zh) * 2017-11-03 2018-05-22 上海金山易通汽车离合器有限公司 一种由气体冷却的数控刀具
CN109332578A (zh) * 2018-10-23 2019-02-15 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 一种冷冻粘土砂的无模铸造成形方法
CN113560495A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-10-29 南京航空航天大学 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1010192B (zh) * 1985-05-12 1990-10-31 陈占海 铸造砂型机械加工工艺及设备
RU2190500C2 (ru) * 2000-08-10 2002-10-10 Грузман Вячеслав Моисеевич Способ замораживания песчаных стержней
CN201279601Y (zh) * 2008-09-05 2009-07-29 扬州工业职业技术学院 干切削可调式超深孔加工刀具
CN101774139B (zh) * 2009-12-25 2012-02-15 田欣利 用于陶瓷外圆加工的环状车削刀具及其轴向加工方法
CN102225458A (zh) * 2011-05-06 2011-10-26 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种刀具风冷及排砂一体化方法及装置
CN102211290B (zh) * 2011-05-19 2015-09-16 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种用于铸型加工排砂吸尘的方法及装置
CN109877273B (zh) * 2019-03-14 2020-12-18 安徽天晶模具科技有限公司 一种可自动排砂的无模铸造成型机
CN110026815B (zh) * 2019-04-19 2021-04-09 沈阳理工大学 一种铣孔装置

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6443672B1 (en) * 1998-01-27 2002-09-03 Sandvik Aktiebolag Cutting tool with nozzle
DE102004040166A1 (de) * 2004-08-18 2006-03-02 Isel Automation Kg Kühlverfahren und -system
CN101372135A (zh) * 2008-09-24 2009-02-25 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种铸型数控加工的排砂方法及其装置
CN201350492Y (zh) * 2008-12-18 2009-11-25 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种大中型砂型的数字化加工设备
EP2353779A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 University of Ljubljana Cutting tool holder arrangement
CN202894230U (zh) * 2012-10-26 2013-04-24 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 吹砂装置及具有其的数字化无模铸造成型机
CN105665637A (zh) * 2016-03-11 2016-06-15 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种冰冻砂型的无模铸造成形方法
CN207386596U (zh) * 2017-11-03 2018-05-22 上海金山易通汽车离合器有限公司 一种由气体冷却的数控刀具
CN109332578A (zh) * 2018-10-23 2019-02-15 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 一种冷冻粘土砂的无模铸造成形方法
CN113560495A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-10-29 南京航空航天大学 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113560495A (zh) 2021-10-29
CN113560495B (zh) 2022-05-03
US20240024956A1 (en) 2024-01-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2023005474A1 (zh) 一种冷冻砂型切削用低温气流随动辅助排砂装置及方法
JP3549741B2 (ja) 霧状体供給装置
CN101158040B (zh) 同轴送粉装置
US20110049748A1 (en) Method for deburring a ceramic foundry core
JP2012115971A (ja) 工作機械およびその工具ホルダ
CN104107938A (zh) 一种新型消失模切削加工专用刀具
CN201559086U (zh) 干切削涡流气动冷却器
CN107984101B (zh) 一种调节片类陶瓷基复合材料切割的加工方法
CN205129022U (zh) 气体喷射干式钻孔系统
CN210755430U (zh) 一种内喷射螺旋立铣刀
CN101244411A (zh) 一种自清洗气水雾化喷嘴
WO2021088595A1 (zh) 具有刀具润滑功能的主轴装置
CN219358877U (zh) 一种数控机床加工工件用的冷却装置
JP3105113B2 (ja) 霧状体供給機能付加工装置
CN100488722C (zh) 冲击式机组喷针磨削工艺
CN220698264U (zh) 端面深孔v型槽加工刀具
CN216939678U (zh) 一种数控车床自动排屑装置
CN219852296U (zh) 一种具有内冷孔的4刃渐变槽铣刀
CN211053251U (zh) 一种机床冷却喷雾器用喷雾头
CN110369761A (zh) 一种适用于锻造模具深孔加工刀具
CN212493522U (zh) 一种应用于机床冷却喷雾器的防堵喷雾头
JP2584602Y2 (ja) 霧状体供給装置
CN210938377U (zh) 一种具有雾化冷却功能的车床
CN219094489U (zh) 机床的气路系统
CN110314823B (zh) 一种车灯产品上色用模具及其加工工艺

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 18008979

Country of ref document: US

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22848081

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE