WO2023005271A1 - 热泵式空调系统、控制方法和控制装置 - Google Patents

热泵式空调系统、控制方法和控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005271A1
WO2023005271A1 PCT/CN2022/087563 CN2022087563W WO2023005271A1 WO 2023005271 A1 WO2023005271 A1 WO 2023005271A1 CN 2022087563 W CN2022087563 W CN 2022087563W WO 2023005271 A1 WO2023005271 A1 WO 2023005271A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
outdoor
heat exchanger
real
control method
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PCT/CN2022/087563
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋德跃
罗建文
王海胜
张铭
李旭
夏鹏
Original Assignee
青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
青岛海尔空调器有限总公司
海尔智家股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023005271A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005271A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of air conditioning systems, and specifically provides a heat pump air conditioning system, a control method, and a control device.
  • a traditional air conditioning system consists of four major components: a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator.
  • a compressor After the refrigerant comes out of the compressor, it forms a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant; when it flows through the condenser, it releases heat and turns into a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigeration.
  • This process increases the temperature near the condenser; the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant is decompressed through the throttling device and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid; when the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid flows through the evaporator, it absorbs heat to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the traditional heat pump air-conditioning system has obvious technical defects.
  • the external ambient temperature is low, and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger can easily reach below the dew point temperature, resulting in frosting of the outdoor heat exchanger. Frosting on the outdoor heat exchanger will reduce the heating capacity of the system.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger needs to be defrosted for normal heating.
  • the indoor unit needs to stop the wind during defrosting, which will result in low heating effect and waste of energy in one defrosting cycle.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN110762757A discloses an air conditioning system and its control method.
  • the air conditioning system and its control method obtain the temperature difference and humidity difference before and after the airflow flows through the outdoor heat exchanger, and selectively switch the conduction state and air conditioner operation of two parallel outdoor heat exchangers according to the temperature difference and humidity difference. mode to realize continuous heating and defrosting of the air conditioning system.
  • the pipeline structure of this air-conditioning system is extremely complicated, and the calculation and control of the control method are complicated; at the same time, the two outdoor heat exchangers will occupy a large outdoor space and affect the appearance. Therefore, there is room for improvement in this technical solution.
  • the present invention provides a heat pump air-conditioning system, which includes: a compressor; an outdoor heat exchanger; A bypass circuit, the bypass circuit has a first end and a second end, the first end is connected to the exhaust pipe connected to the compressor, and the second end is connected to the discharge pipe connected to the compressor A part of the bypass circuit is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger, and on the bypass circuit along the flow direction of the refrigerant, the exhaust pipe and the outdoor heat exchanger are arranged in sequence.
  • the bypass valve and the auxiliary throttling device between the devices, the bypass circuit is configured to introduce high-temperature refrigerant from the exhaust pipe into the bypass circuit through the auxiliary valve by controlling the opening of the bypass valve After throttling by the flow device, it flows to the outdoor heat exchanger and then flows to the suction pipe.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger acts as the evaporator.
  • the refrigerant also referred to as "refrigerant”
  • the outdoor ambient temperature is relatively low, such as below zero degrees
  • the refrigerant absorbs heat in the outdoor heat exchanger during the heating cycle, which may easily cause frosting on the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • a part of the bypass circuit is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger, so that when defrosting is required, while heating, a part of the exhaust pipe of the compressor is heated through the bypass circuit.
  • the refrigerant is directly introduced into the part combined with the outdoor heat exchanger, and the high-temperature refrigerant is used to heat the outdoor heat exchanger to increase the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger, thereby realizing rapid defrosting, thereby ensuring continuous and efficient heating of the air conditioning system.
  • Using the bypass circuit to heat the outdoor heat exchanger with high-temperature refrigerant in addition to achieving rapid defrosting without interrupting heating (that is, the outdoor heat exchanger continues to function as an evaporator), it can also improve the low-pressure side pipeline to solve the problem of low pressure of the compressor.
  • a part of the bypass circuit is directly combined with the outdoor heat exchanger, which also simplifies the structure of the pipeline, so that the pipeline of the air conditioning system can be optimized and simplified, so the overall structure is simplified and the outdoor space occupation is effectively reduced.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger includes a plurality of hairpin tubes arranged in parallel, and the part of the bypass loop connected to the outdoor heat exchanger is composed of one or It is composed of multiple hairpin tubes.
  • the one or more hairpins although integrated with the outdoor heat exchanger, do not have direct fluid communication with all other hairpins that make up the outdoor heat
  • the hairpins that are part of the pass-through circuit are independent of the other hairpins of the outdoor heat exchanger. Therefore, through the above configuration, the pipeline structure of the air-conditioning system is effectively simplified and the space occupied is reduced. At the same time, this configuration can make the bypass circuit share the cooling fins with the outdoor heat exchanger, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency and defrosting efficiency.
  • the one or more hairpin tubes constituting a part of the bypass circuit are located at the bottom or in the middle of the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • a gas-liquid separator is provided on the suction pipe, and the second end is connected to an air inlet of the gas-liquid separator.
  • the present invention also provides a control method for adjusting any one of the above heat pump air conditioning systems, and when the heat pump air conditioning system is in the heating mode, the control method includes the following steps: obtaining the outdoor heat exchange the real-time temperature of the device; obtain the real-time ambient temperature of the external environment to determine the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature; calculate the difference between the real-time temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature; when the When the difference is ⁇ 0, the bypass valve is opened for defrosting; and when the difference is >0, the bypass valve is closed.
  • control method of the present invention it is only necessary to measure the real-time temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger (that is, the real-time temperature on the outer surface of the outdoor heat exchanger) and the real-time ambient temperature of the external environment to determine whether the outdoor heat exchanger is Already frosted.
  • the control method requires few parameters and a simple calculation method, and the whole control method is fast and efficient.
  • the real-time ambient temperature is obtained by obtaining the temperature reported by the weather forecast.
  • the temperature obtained by the outdoor temperature sensor is used as the real-time ambient temperature.
  • the present invention also provides a control device for executing any one of the above control methods, the control device comprising: a temperature acquisition module for acquiring the real-time temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger and the real-time ambient temperature of the external environment; A calculation module, configured to determine the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature based on the real-time ambient temperature, and calculate the difference between the real-time temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature; a processing module, used to judge Whether the difference is less than or equal to zero, when the difference is ⁇ 0, an instruction to open the bypass valve is issued, and when the difference is >0, an instruction to close the bypass valve is issued.
  • the temperature acquisition module acquires the real-time ambient temperature by receiving a weather forecast.
  • the ambient temperature of the day can be obtained conveniently, reducing the difficulty of obtaining the real-time ambient temperature.
  • the temperature acquisition module directly acquires the real-time ambient temperature through an outdoor temperature sensor.
  • the current ambient temperature can be accurately obtained, so that the defrosting function can respond more timely and accurately.
  • Fig. 1 is the system diagram of the embodiment of heat pump type air conditioning system of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the flowchart of control method of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the control method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the flowchart of another embodiment of control method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the control device of the present invention.
  • Heat pump air conditioning system 11. Compressor; 111. Exhaust port of compressor; 112. Exhaust pipe of compressor; 113. Suction port of compressor; 114. Suction pipe of compressor; 12.
  • Liquid pipe cut-off valve 15. Indoor throttling device; 151. Indoor throttling device connection; 16. Indoor heat exchanger; 161. Indoor heat exchanger connection; 162. Air pipe stop valve; 17. Gas-liquid separator ; 171, the first interface of the gas-liquid separator; 172, the second interface of the gas-liquid separator; 173, the connecting pipe of the gas-liquid separator; 21, the bypass circuit; 211, the bypass heat exchange tube; 212, the bypass Valve; 213, auxiliary throttling device; 214, the first end of the bypass loop; 215, the second end of the bypass loop; A1, temperature acquisition module; A11, real-time temperature acquisition module; A12, real-time ambient temperature acquisition module; A2, calculation module; A3, processing module.
  • the terms "setting” and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or internally connected between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
  • the present invention provides a heat pump air conditioning system 1, the heat pump air conditioning system 1 includes: a compressor 11; Heater 13; bypass circuit 21, bypass circuit 21 has first end 214 and second end 215, first end 214 is connected on the discharge pipe 112 that is connected with compressor 11, and second end 215 is connected with compressor
  • a part of the bypass circuit 21 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and on the bypass circuit 21 along the flow direction of the refrigerant, the exhaust pipe 112 and the outdoor heat exchanger 13 are arranged in sequence.
  • the bypass circuit 21 is configured to introduce high-temperature refrigerant from the exhaust pipe into the bypass circuit 21 by controlling the opening of the bypass valve 212 and throttling it through the auxiliary throttling device 213 First flow to the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and then flow to the suction pipe 114.
  • Fig. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the heat pump air conditioning system of the present invention.
  • the heat pump air conditioning system 1 of the present invention includes a compressor 11, a four-way valve 12, an outdoor heat exchanger 13, and an outdoor throttling device 14 connected to each other in a loop. , indoor throttling device 15, and indoor heat exchanger 16.
  • the compressor 11 may be any one of a scroll compressor, a rotary compressor, a screw compressor, a piston compressor or other types of compressors.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 13 may be a finned heat exchanger composed of multiple hairpin tubes and fins covering the hairpin tubes.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 13 may be other suitable heat exchangers.
  • the outdoor throttling device 14 and the indoor throttling device 15 may be any of electronic expansion valves, thermal expansion valves, capillary tubes or orifice throttling devices respectively.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 16 may be a shell and tube heat exchanger. Alternatively, indoor heat exchanger 16 may be other suitable heat exchangers.
  • the compressor 11 has a suction port 113 and a discharge port 111 .
  • the suction port 113 communicates with the second interface 172 of the gas-liquid separator 17 through the suction pipe 114
  • the exhaust port 111 communicates with the first interface 121 of the four-way valve 12 through the exhaust pipe 112 .
  • the four-way valve 12 has a first port 121 , a second port 122 , a third port 123 , and a fourth port 124 .
  • the first interface 121 of the four-way valve 12 is connected with the exhaust pipe 112
  • the second interface 122 of the four-way valve 12 is connected with the outdoor heat exchanger 13 through the first connecting pipe 132 of the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and the four-way
  • the third port 123 of the valve 12 communicates with the indoor heat exchanger 16 through the connecting pipe 161 of the indoor heat exchanger 16
  • the fourth port 124 of the four-way valve 12 communicates with the connecting pipe 173 of the gas-liquid separator 17 through the connecting pipe 173 of the gas-liquid separator 17.
  • the first interface 171 is connected.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 13 has a second connecting pipe 133 in addition to the above-mentioned first connecting pipe 132 .
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 13 communicates with the outdoor throttling device 14 through the second connecting pipe 133 .
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 13 has a plurality of hairpin pipes 131 arranged in parallel, and the hairpin pipes 131 communicate with the first connecting pipe 132 and the second connecting pipe 133 of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the outdoor throttling device 14 communicates with the indoor throttling device 15 through a connecting pipe 141 of the outdoor throttling device.
  • a liquid pipe cut-off valve 142 is provided on the connecting pipe 141 of the outdoor throttling device.
  • the indoor throttling device 15 communicates with the indoor heat exchanger 16 through a connecting pipe 151 of the indoor throttling device.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 16 has a connecting pipe 161 .
  • the connecting pipe 161 communicates with the third port 123 of the four-way valve 12 .
  • a gas pipe stop valve 162 is provided on the connecting pipe 161 of the indoor heat exchanger 16 .
  • the liquid pipe shut-off valve 142 and the gas pipe shut-off valve 162 can be used to cut off the fluid communication between the indoor heat exchanger 16 and the rest of the heat pump air-conditioning system 1, so they can be used for maintenance, disassembly, or supplementary refrigerant of the heat pump air-conditioning system. .
  • each indoor heat exchanger 16 can be arranged in parallel in the heat pump air conditioning system 1 .
  • each indoor heat exchanger 16 has an indoor throttling device 15 that is paired and communicated with it, and the connecting pipe 141 of the outdoor throttling device is divided into multiple branches, and each branch is paired with an indoor throttling device 15 respectively. connected.
  • each indoor heat exchanger 16 communicates with the third port 123 of the four-way valve 12 through a connection pipe 161 , and a gas pipe stop valve 162 is provided on the connection pipe 161 of each indoor heat exchanger 16 .
  • the refrigerant flows out from the connecting pipe 141 of the outdoor throttling device and is divided by multiple branches, and the refrigerant in each branch is throttled by the corresponding indoor throttling device 15 before entering the room.
  • the heat exchanger 16 evaporates and exchanges heat, and then discharges from the corresponding connecting pipe 161 and flows into the third port 123 of the four-way valve 12 after passing through the corresponding air pipe stop valve 162 .
  • each indoor throttling device 15 can independently adjust the amount of refrigerant entering the corresponding indoor heat exchanger 16 , thereby effectively ensuring that the amount of refrigerant matches the power and performance requirements of the corresponding indoor heat exchanger 16 .
  • the gas-liquid separator 17 also has a first port 171 in addition to the above-mentioned second port 172 .
  • the first port 171 of the gas-liquid separator 17 communicates with the fourth port 124 of the four-way valve 12 through a connecting pipe 173, and the second port 172 of the gas-liquid separator 17 communicates with the compressor 11 through the suction pipe 114 of the compressor 11.
  • the suction port 113 is connected to each other.
  • a bypass circuit 21 is bypassed on the discharge pipe 112 of the compressor.
  • Bypass loop 21 has a first end 214 and a second end 215 .
  • the first end 214 of the bypass circuit 21 communicates directly with the exhaust pipe 112
  • the second end 215 of the bypass circuit 21 communicates with the connecting pipe 173 of the gas-liquid separator 17, and bypasses
  • a part of the circuit 21 is coupled to the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the part of the bypass circuit 21 that is combined with the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is composed of a hairpin with the same configuration as the hairpin 131 , and the hairpin is called a bypass heat exchange pipe 211 .
  • the bypass heat exchange pipe 211 and other hairpin pipes 131 constituting the outdoor heat exchanger 13 are kept independent of each other.
  • the bypass heat exchange tube 211 is formed by a hairpin tube.
  • the bypass heat exchange tube 211 is composed of two or more hairpin tubes.
  • the bypass heat exchange pipe 211 is arranged at the bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the bypass heat exchange pipe 211 is arranged in the middle of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • a bypass valve 212 and an auxiliary throttling device 213 are sequentially provided on the bypass circuit 21 along the refrigerant flow direction and on the pipeline between the first end 214 and the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the bypass valve 212 is generally an electric or electronic control valve, including but not limited to a solenoid valve, so as to conveniently control the on-off of the bypass circuit 21 .
  • the auxiliary throttling device 213 is a capillary tube.
  • the auxiliary throttling device 213 may also be any one of an electronic expansion valve or a thermal expansion valve.
  • the bypass valve 212 When the heat pump air-conditioning system 1 of the present invention is in cooling operation, the bypass valve 212 is kept closed.
  • the flow direction of the refrigerant is shown by the solid line arrow in Figure 1.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows out from the exhaust port 111 of the compressor 11, and flows through the exhaust pipe 112 of the compressor, the first interface 121 of the four-way valve, and the four-way valve in sequence.
  • the first connecting pipe 132 of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 After the second port 122 of the valve, the first connecting pipe 132 of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 enters the outdoor heat exchanger 13 to condense and cool down to form a medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant then flows out from the second connecting pipe 133 of the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and after being throttled by the outdoor throttling device 14, enters the indoor heat exchanger through the connecting pipe 141 of the outdoor throttling device and the connecting pipe 151 of the indoor heat exchanger 15. 16. After being evaporated and exchanged by the indoor heat exchanger 16, it flows out from the connecting pipe 161 of the indoor heat exchanger, and then passes through the air pipe stop valve 162, the third port 123 and the fourth port 124 of the four-way valve in sequence, and flows out from the connecting pipe 173 of the gas-liquid separator. Enter the gas-liquid separator 17, and return to the compressor 11 from the suction pipe 114 of the compressor to participate in the cycle after being separated from the gas-liquid by the gas-liquid separator 17.
  • the bypass valve 212 can be kept closed. At this time, the flow direction of the refrigerant is shown by the dotted arrow in Figure 1.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows out from the exhaust port 111 of the compressor 11 and then passes through the exhaust pipe 112, and then passes through the first port 121 of the four-way valve, After the third interface 123 and the air pipe stop valve 162 , it enters the indoor heat exchanger 16 from the connecting pipe 161 of the indoor heat exchanger.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 16 After being condensed and cooled by the indoor heat exchanger 16, it flows out from the connecting pipe 151 of the indoor throttling device, and then is throttled by the indoor throttling device 15, and then enters the outdoor heat exchanger 13 from the second connecting pipe 133 of the outdoor heat exchanger. After evaporating and exchanging heat in the hairpin pipe 131 of the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant flows out from the first connection pipe 132 of the outdoor heat exchanger, passes through the second port 122 and the fourth port 124 of the four-way valve in turn, and flows out from the gas-liquid separator. The connecting pipe 173 enters the gas-liquid separator 17, and returns to the compressor 11 from the suction pipe 114 of the compressor to participate in the circulation after being separated from the gas-liquid by the gas-liquid separator 17.
  • the bypass valve 212 is opened. At this time, a small part of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant passing through the exhaust pipe 112 is diverted from the first end 214 of the bypass circuit and enters the bypass circuit 21, but the rest of the mainstream high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant passes through the four-way valve 12 in turn.
  • the first port 121 and the third port 123 flow into the indoor heat exchanger 16 to perform a heating cycle.
  • the present invention also provides a control method for adjusting the above-mentioned heat pump air conditioning system 1 . It should be noted that this control method can also be used in other suitable air conditioning systems.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the control method of the present invention.
  • the control method includes the following steps: obtaining the real-time temperature (S1) of the outdoor heat exchanger; obtaining the real-time ambient temperature of the external environment to determine the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature (S2); calculate the difference between the real-time temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature (S3); when the difference is ⁇ 0, open the bypass valve for defrosting; and when the difference When >0, close the bypass valve (S4).
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the control method of the present invention.
  • the control method first executes step S1 to acquire the real-time temperature Te of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the real-time temperature Te of the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is obtained by installing a defrosting temperature sensor on the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the real-time temperature Te of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 may also be acquired in other common ways.
  • the defrosting temperature sensor is installed at the most frost-prone position of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the defrosting temperature sensor is installed on the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the defrosting temperature sensor is installed on the hairpin 131 of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the control method in addition to obtaining the real-time temperature Te of the outdoor heat exchanger, the control method also executes step S201 to obtain the temperature reported by the weather forecast as the real-time ambient temperature of the external environment.
  • Step S201 and step S1 may be executed simultaneously, or may be executed sequentially: step S1 is executed first, and then step S201 is executed, or step S201 is executed first, and then step S1 is executed.
  • the heat pump air-conditioning system 1 queries and obtains the temperature reported by the weather forecast by connecting with the user's mobile phone.
  • the heat pump air-conditioning system 1 is configured with a networking module to query and obtain the temperature reported by the weather forecast from a weather website.
  • step S202 is executed to determine the outdoor dew point temperature Tw according to the real-time ambient temperature.
  • the outdoor dew point temperature Tw corresponding to the real-time ambient temperature is obtained by looking up a table.
  • step S301 After obtaining the real-time temperature Te of the outdoor heat exchanger and the outdoor dew point temperature Tw, the control method executes step S301 to calculate the difference ⁇ T between the real-time temperature Te and the outdoor dew point temperature Tw. After obtaining the difference ⁇ T, the control method proceeds to step S401 to determine whether the difference ⁇ T is greater than zero. When the difference ⁇ T is greater than zero, it means that the real-time temperature Te of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is higher than the outdoor dew point temperature Tw. At this time, the outdoor heat exchanger 13 will not or is not easy to frost, so step S402 is executed to close the bypass Valve 212, the control method ends.
  • step S403 the control method executes step S403 to open the bypass valve 212 .
  • the bypass valve 212 is opened, a small portion of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant passes through the bypass circuit 21 , so it does not participate in heating.
  • the bypass valve 212 is automatically closed after being opened for a preset time, and the control method ends.
  • the preset time is not greater than 3 minutes.
  • the preset time is 30s, 60s, 90s, or 120s.
  • the control method of the present invention is re-executed from step S1 after a predetermined interval.
  • the predetermined interval is no greater than 3 minutes.
  • the time interval is 30s, 60s, 90s, or 120s.
  • the real-time ambient temperature of the external environment is directly obtained from the temperature broadcast by the weather forecast without additional measurement or monitoring, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of obtaining the temperature by the control method, thereby reducing the complexity of the control method.
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the control method of the present invention.
  • step S1 is the same as the above embodiment, so as to obtain the real-time temperature Te of the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the control method obtains the real-time outdoor ambient temperature Tao through an outdoor temperature sensor.
  • the outdoor temperature sensor may be an air temperature probe.
  • the outdoor temperature sensor may also be other suitable temperature detectors.
  • step S212 is executed, based on the real-time outdoor ambient temperature Tao, the outdoor wet bulb temperature Tw' is calculated by the following formula:
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are reference coefficients with predetermined value ranges.
  • Tw' the outdoor wet bulb temperature
  • ⁇ is between 0.5 and 0.8
  • ⁇ is between -1°C and -5°C.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ may also be adjusted according to local actual conditions or test conditions.
  • step S311 the control method executes step S311 to calculate the difference ⁇ T' between the real-time temperature Te and the outdoor wet bulb temperature Tw'.
  • step S411 determines whether the difference ⁇ T' is greater than zero. When the difference ⁇ T' is greater than zero, it means that the real-time temperature Te of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is higher than the outdoor wet-bulb temperature Tw'. At this time, the outdoor heat exchanger 13 will not or is not easy to frost, so step S412 is executed to close The valve 212 is closed, and the control method ends.
  • step S413 the control method executes step S413 to open the bypass valve 212 .
  • the bypass valve 212 is opened, a small portion of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant passes through the bypass circuit 21 , so it does not participate in heating.
  • the bypass valve 212 is automatically closed after being opened for a preset time, and the control method ends.
  • the preset time is not greater than 3 minutes.
  • the preset time is 30s, 60s, 90s, or 120s.
  • the control method of the present invention is re-executed from step S1 after a predetermined interval.
  • the predetermined interval is no greater than 3 minutes.
  • the time interval is 30s, 60s, 90s, or 120s.
  • the control method directly obtains the real temperature of the current external environment through the outdoor temperature sensor, and can timely and accurately know the real situation of the outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the control method can accurately and timely defrost the heat pump air conditioning system 1 , thereby effectively ensuring the heating effect of the heat pump air conditioning system 1 .
  • the control method does not need to be connected to the Internet to obtain temperature information, and has a wider application range.
  • the present invention also provides a control device for executing any one of the above control methods.
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the control device of the present invention.
  • the control device includes: a temperature acquisition module A1, which is used to obtain the real-time temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger and the real-time ambient temperature of the external environment; a calculation module A2, which is used to determine the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor temperature based on the real-time ambient temperature. Wet bulb temperature, and calculate the difference between the real-time temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature; the processing module A3 is used to judge whether the difference is less than or equal to zero, and when the difference is ⁇ 0, issue an instruction to open the bypass valve, and When the difference is >0, a command to close the bypass valve is issued.
  • the temperature acquisition module A1 includes a real-time temperature acquisition module A11 of the outdoor heat exchanger and a real-time ambient temperature acquisition module A12 .
  • the real-time temperature acquisition module A11 is installed on the outdoor heat exchanger 13 where frost is most likely to form.
  • the real-time temperature acquisition module A11 is installed on the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the real-time temperature acquisition module A11 is installed on the hairpin tube 131 of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
  • the real-time temperature acquisition module A11 may be a surface temperature sensor. Alternatively, the real-time temperature acquisition module A11 may also be other suitable temperature sensors.
  • the real-time ambient temperature acquisition module A12 may be connected to the user's terminal device.
  • the terminal device is any one of a mobile phone, a computer, and a tablet.
  • the real-time ambient temperature acquisition module A12 can be connected to a weather website through the Internet, and then acquire the local wet and dry bulb temperature.
  • the real-time ambient temperature acquisition module A12 may also be other suitable common modules capable of acquiring local wet and dry bulb temperatures.
  • the calculation module A2 is used to determine the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature based on the real-time ambient temperature, and calculate the difference between the real-time temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature or the outdoor wet bulb temperature. In one or more embodiments, if the real-time ambient temperature is obtained by the real-time ambient temperature acquisition module A12 through the user's terminal equipment or from the weather website through the Internet, then the calculation module A2 determines the corresponding outdoor dew point temperature based on the real-time ambient temperature .
  • the calculation module A2 determines the corresponding outdoor wet-bulb temperature based on the real-time ambient temperature .
  • the processing module A3 is electrically connected to the bypass valve 212 .
  • the processing module A3 can feed back the judgment result to the bypass valve 212 in real time.
  • the difference ⁇ the bypass valve is commanded to open, and when the difference > 0, the bypass valve is commanded to close.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种热泵式空调系统、控制方法、和控制装置，热泵式空调系统包括压缩机；室外换热器；旁通回路，旁通回路第一端连接到与压缩机相连的排气管上，第二端连接到与压缩机相连的吸气管上，旁通回路的一部分结合到室外换热器上，在旁通回路上沿着冷媒流向依次设有旁通阀和辅助节流装置；控制方法包括获取室外换热器的实时温度；获取外界环境的实时环境温度以确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度；计算实时温度与室外露点温度或室外湿球温度之间的差值以判断是否需要除霜；该控制装置包括温度获取模块、计算模块和处理模块；该热泵式空调系统具有连续制热功能，并且管路结构简单、空间占用小，控制方法计算简单。

Description

热泵式空调系统、控制方法和控制装置 技术领域
本发明涉及空调系统领域，具体提供一种热泵式空调系统、控制方法、和控制装置。
背景技术
传统的空调系统包含压缩机、冷凝器、节流装置和蒸发器四大部件，制冷剂从压缩机出来后形成高温高压的气体制冷剂；流经冷凝器时放热变成中温高压的液体制冷剂，该过程提升冷凝器附近的温度；中温高压的液体制冷剂通过节流装置降压，成为低温低压的液体；低温低压的液体流经蒸发器时吸热形成低温低压的气体冷媒，该过程降低蒸发器附近的温度；气体冷媒被压缩机吸入后通过压缩机压缩后再次成为高温高压的气体。制冷剂依次在上述四大部件中循环，实现夏季制冷、冬季制热的功能。但是在冬季制热时，传统的热泵空调系统存在明显的技术缺陷。比如冬季制热时，外界环境温度较低，室外换热器的温度很容易达到露点温度以下，从而造成室外换热器结霜。室外换热器结霜后会造成系统制热能力降低，此时需要对室外换热器除霜后才能正常制热。然而，在除霜时室内机需要停风，此时会造成一个除霜周期内的制热效果偏低、浪费能源。
为解决这一问题，现有技术中已经发展出了一种能够连续制热的空调系统。例如，中国发明专利申请CN110762757A公开了一种空调系统及其控制方法。该空调系统及其控制方法通过获取气流流经室外换热器前后的温度差及湿度差，并根据温度差及湿度差选择性地切换两台并联的室外换热器的导通状态及空调运行模式，实现空调系统的连续制热及除霜。但是这种空调系统管路结构极其复杂，控制方法计算及控制复杂；同时两台室外换热器会占据较大的室外空间，而且影响美观。因此，该技术方案存在改进空间。
相应的，本领域需要一种新的技术方案来解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决传统的空调系统在实现连续制热功能时管路结构复杂、空间占用大的技术问题，本发明提供一种热泵式空调系统，该热泵式空调系统包括：压缩机；室外换热器；旁通回路，所述旁通回路具有第一端和第二端，所述第一端连接到与所述压缩机相连的排气管上，所述第二端连接到与所述压缩机相连的吸气管上，所述旁通回路的一部分结合到所述室外换热器上，并且在所述旁通回路上沿着冷媒流向依次设有位于所述排气管与所述室外换热器之间的旁通阀和辅助节流装置，所述旁通回路配置成通过控制所述旁通阀的打开将高温冷媒从所述排气管引入所述旁通回路并经所述辅助节流装置节流后先流到所述室外换热器上再流向所述吸气管。
空调系统在进行制热循环时，室外换热器充当蒸发器。当室外环境温度比较低时，例如低于零度时，在制热循环中冷媒(也称为“制冷剂”)在室外换热器中吸热容易导致室外换热器结霜。本发明的热泵式空调机组将旁通回路的一部分结合到所述室外换热器上，使得在需要除霜时，在制热的同时，通过旁通回路将压缩机排气管中的一部分高温冷媒直接引入与室外换热器结合在一起的该部分中，利用高温冷媒加热室外换热器，促使室外换热器升温，进而实现快速除霜，从而保证空调系统能够持续的高效制热。利用旁通回路通过高温冷媒加热室外换热器，除了能够在不中断制热(即室外换热器持续发挥蒸发器的功能)的情况下实现快速除霜之外，还能够提升低压侧管路的压力，解决压缩机低压过低的问题。旁通回路的一部分直接与室外换热器结合在一起，也简化了管路的结构，使得空调系统管路得以优化、简化，因此整体结构精简，室外空间占用有效减小。
在上述热泵式空调系统的优选技术方案中，所述室外换热器包括平行布置的多根发卡管，所述旁通回路的结合到所述室外换热器上的所述一部分由一根或多根所述发卡管构成。作为旁通回路的一部分，该一根或多根发卡管虽然与室外换热器结合在一起，但是与构成室外换热器的其它所有发卡管之间不存在直接的流体连通，换言之，构成旁通回路的 一部分的发卡管独立于室外换热器的其它发卡管。因此，通过上述的配置，有效简化了空调系统的管路结构，减小空间占用。同时该配置能够使得旁通回路与室外换热器共用散热翅片，从而提高换热效率、除霜效率。
在上述热泵式空调系统的优选技术方案中，构成所述旁通回路的一部分的所述一根或多根所述发卡管位于所述室外换热器的底部或中间。通过上述的配置，进入旁通回路的高温冷媒将流过室外换热器的最易结霜的位置，从而提高除霜效率。
在上述热泵式空调系统的优选技术方案中，在所述吸气管上设有气液分离器，并且所述第二端连接到所述气液分离器的进气口。通过上述的配置，能够对旁通回路中流出的冷媒进行气液分离，避免液态冷媒进入压缩机的吸气口，进而更好的保护压缩机。
本发明还提供一种控制方法，用于调节上述任一种热泵式空调系统，并且在所述热泵式空调系统处于制热模式下时，所述控制方法包括以下步骤：获取所述室外换热器的实时温度；获取外界环境的实时环境温度以确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度；计算所述实时温度与所述室外露点温度或所述室外湿球温度之间的差值；当所述差值≤0时，开启所述旁通阀以进行除霜；并且当所述差值>0时，关闭所述旁通阀。
本发明的控制方法中只需测量室外换热器的实时温度(即室外换热器外表面上的实时温度)和外界环境的实时环境温度这两个参数，即可判断出室外换热器是否已经结霜。该控制方法所需的参数少、计算方式简单，整个控制方法快捷、高效。
在上述控制方法的优选技术方案中，在所述获取外界环境的实时环境温度以确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度的步骤中，通过获取天气预报播报的温度作为所述实时环境温度。通过上述的配置，能够减少温度传感器的数量及安装工序，降低外界环境的实时环境温度的获取难度，从而进一步简化控制方法。
在上述控制方法的优选技术方案中，在所述获取外界环境的实时环境温度以确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度的步骤中，将通过室外温度传感器获取的温度作为所述实时环境温度。通过上述的配置，能够及时、 准确的获取外界环境当前的温度，同时与室外换热器当前的温度进行比较，能够准确的获知当前室外换热器是否结霜，从而实现及时、精准的除霜。
在上述控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述室外湿球温度通过以下公式计算：室外湿球温度＝α*实时环境温度+β，其中，α、β为具有预定取值范围的参考系数。通过上述的配置，通过实时环境温度模拟出室外湿球温度，进而在无需联网获取天气预报温度的情况下准确地判断室外换热器是否已经结霜。
本发明还提供一种控制装置，用于执行上述任一种控制方法，该控制装置包括：温度获取模块，用于获取所述室外换热器的实时温度和所述外界环境的实时环境温度；计算模块，用于基于所述实时环境温度确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度，并计算所述实时温度与所述室外露点温度或所述室外湿球温度的差值；处理模块，用于判断所述差值是否小于等于零，当所述差值≤0时，发出打开所述旁通阀的指令，并且当所述差值>0时，发出关闭所述旁通阀的指令。通过上述的配置，能够准确的获取室外换热器的实时温度和外界环境的实时环境温度，进而根据指令实现对旁通阀的精准控制。
在上述控制装置的优选技术方案中，所述温度获取模块通过接收天气预报获取所述实时环境温度。通过上述的配置，能够方便的获取当天的环境温度，降低实时环境温度的获取难度。
在上述控制装置的优选技术方案中，所述温度获取模块通过室外温度传感器直接获取所述实时环境温度。通过上述的配置，能够准确的获取当前的环境温度，从而使除霜功能响应更及时、精准。
附图说明
下面结合附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式，附图中：
图1是本发明热泵式空调系统的实施例的系统示意图；
图2是本发明控制方法的流程图；
图3是本发明控制方法的一种实施例的流程图；
图4是本发明控制方法的另一种实施例的流程图；
图5是本发明控制装置的框图。
附图标记列表：
1、热泵式空调系统；11、压缩机；111、压缩机的排气口；112、压缩机的排气管；113、压缩机的吸气口；114、压缩机的吸气管；12、四通阀；121、四通阀的第一接口；122、四通阀的第二接口；123、四通阀的第三接口；124、四通阀的第四接口；13、室外换热器；131、室外换热器的发卡管；132、室外换热器的第一接管；133、室外换热器的第二接管；14、室外节流装置；141、室外节流装置的接管；142、液管截止阀；15、室内节流装置；151、室内节流装置的接管；16、室内换热器；161、室内换热器的接管；162、气管截止阀；17、气液分离器；171、气液分离器的第一接口；172、气液分离器的第二接口；173、气液分离器的接管；21、旁通回路；211、旁通换热管；212、旁通阀；213、辅助节流装置；214、旁通回路的第一端；215、旁通回路的第二端；A1、温度获取模块；A11、实时温度获取模块；A12、实时环境温度获取模块；A2、计算模块；A3、处理模块。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
为了解决传统的空调系统在实现连续换热功能时管路结构复杂、空间占用大的技术问题，本发明提供一种热泵式空调系统1，该热泵式空调系统1包括：压缩机11；室外换热器13；旁通回路21，旁通回路21具 有第一端214和第二端215，第一端214连接到与压缩机11相连的排气管112上，第二端215连接到与压缩机11相连的吸气管114上，旁通回路21的一部分结合到室外换热器13上，并且在旁通回路21上沿着冷媒流向依次设有位于排气管112与室外换热器13之间的旁通阀212和辅助节流装置213，旁通回路21配置成通过控制旁通阀212的打开将高温冷媒从排气管引入旁通回路21并经辅助节流装置213节流后先流到室外换热器13上再流向吸气管114。
图1是本发明热泵式空调系统的实施例的系统示意图。如图1所示，在一种或多种实施例中，本发明的热泵式空调系统1包括彼此连成回路的压缩机11、四通阀12、室外换热器13、室外节流装置14、室内节流装置15、和室内换热器16。在一种或多种实施例中，压缩机11可以是涡旋压缩机、转子压缩机、螺杆压缩机、活塞压缩机或其它型式压缩机的任一种。在一种或多种实施例中，室外换热器13可以是由多根发卡管和套在发卡管上的翅片组成的翅片式换热器。替代地，室外换热器13可以是其他合适形式的换热器。在一种或多种实施例中，室外节流装置14、室内节流装置15可以分别为电子膨胀阀、热力膨胀阀、毛细管或孔板节流装置中的任一种。在一种或多种实施例中，室内换热器16可以为壳管式换热器。替代地，室内换热器16可以是其他合适的换热器。
如图1所示，压缩机11具有吸气口113和排气口111。其中，吸气口113通过吸气管114与气液分离器17的第二接口172相连通，排气口111通过排气管112与四通阀12的第一接口121相连通。
如图1所示，四通阀12具有第一接口121、第二接口122、第三接口123、和第四接口124。其中，四通阀12的第一接口121与排气管112相连通，四通阀12的第二接口122通过室外换热器13的第一接管132与室外换热器13相连通，四通阀12的第三接口123通过室内换热器16的接管161与室内换热器16相连通，四通阀12的第四接口124通过气液分离器17的接管173与气液分离器17的第一接口171相连通。
如图1所示，室外换热器13除了具有上面所提及的第一接管132，还具有第二接管133。室外换热器13通过第二接管133与室外节流装置14相连通。在一种或多种实施例中，室外换热器13具有平行布置的多根 发卡管131，发卡管131将室外换热器13的第一接管132和第二接管133连通。
如图1所示，室外节流装置14通过室外节流装置的接管141与室内节流装置15相连通。在一种或多种实施例中，在室外节流装置的接管141上设有液管截止阀142。如图1所示，室内节流装置15通过室内节流装置的接管151与室内换热器16相连通。如图1所示，室内换热器16具有接管161。接管161与四通阀12的第三接口123相连通。在一种或多种实施例中，在室内换热器16的接管161上设有气管截止阀162。液管截止阀142和气管截止阀162可用于切断室内换热器16与热泵式空调系统1的其余部件之间的流体连通，因此可用于热泵式空调系统的维护、拆卸、或补充冷媒等场合。
在一种或多种实施例中，该热泵式空调系统1中可以并联布置多个室内换热器16。此时，每个室内换热器16均有一个室内节流装置15与之配对连通，室外节流装置的接管141分出多条支路，每条支路分别与一个室内节流装置15配对连通。同时，每个室内换热器16都通过接管161与四通阀12的第三接口123相连通，在每个室内换热器16的接管161上均设有一个气管截止阀162。通过上述的配置，以制热循环为例，冷媒从室外节流装置的接管141流出后被多条支路分流，每条支路中的冷媒经对应的室内节流装置15节流后进入室内换热器16蒸发换热，之后从对应的接管161排出并经对应的气管截止阀162后汇集流入四通阀12的第三接口123。在该过程中，每个室内节流装置15能够独立地调节进入对应的室内换热器16的冷媒量，从而有效保证冷媒量与对应的室内换热器16的功率、性能需求相匹配。
如图1所示，气液分离器17除了具有上面所提及的第二接口172，还具有第一接口171。气液分离器17的第一接口171通过接管173与四通阀12的第四接口124相连通，气液分离器17的第二接口172通过压缩机11的吸气管114与压缩机11的吸气口113相连。
如图1所示，在压缩机的排气管112上旁接有旁通回路21。旁通回路21具有第一端214和第二端215。在一种或多种实施例中，旁通回路21的第一端214与排气管112直接连通，旁通回路21的第二端215与气 液分离器17的接管173连通，并且旁通回路21的一部分结合到室外换热器13上。在一种或多种实施例中，旁通回路21的与室外换热器13结合在一起的部分由与发卡管131配置相同的发卡管构成，该发卡管被称为旁通换热管211。旁通换热管211和组成室外换热器13的其他发卡管131保持相互独立。在一种或多种实施例中，旁通换热管211由一根发卡管构成。替代地，旁通换热管211由两根或更多根发卡管构成。在一种或多种实施例中，旁通换热管211布置在室外换热器13的底部。替代地，旁通换热管211布置在室外换热器13的中间位置。在一种或多种实施例中，在旁通回路21上沿着冷媒流向在第一端214至室外换热器13之间的管路上依次设有旁通阀212和辅助节流装置213。旁通阀212通常为电动或电子控制阀，包括但不限于电磁阀，以便于方便控制旁通回路21的通断。在一种或多种实施例中，辅助节流装置213为毛细管。替代地，辅助节流装置213也可是电子膨胀阀、或热力膨胀阀中的任一种。
本发明的热泵式空调系统1在制冷运行时，旁通阀212保持关闭。冷媒的流向如图1中实线箭头所示，高温高压的冷媒从压缩机11的排气口111流出，依次流经压缩机的排气管112、四通阀的第一接口121、四通阀的第二接口122后，从室外换热器13的第一接管132进入室外换热器13中冷凝、降温，形成中温高压的冷媒。该中温高压的冷媒之后从室外换热器13的第二接管133流出，经室外节流装置14节流后经由室外节流装置的接管141和室内换热器15的接管151进入室内换热器16。经室内换热器16蒸发换热后从室内换热器的接管161流出，之后依次经过气管截止阀162、四通阀的第三接口123、第四接口124，从气液分离器的接管173进入气液分离器17，经气液分离器17气液分离后从压缩机的吸气管114重新回到压缩机11中参与循环。
本发明的热泵式空调系统1在制热运行时，旁通阀212可以保持关闭。此时，冷媒的流向如图1中虚线箭头所示，高温高压的冷媒从压缩机11的排气口111流出后全部从排气管112通过，之后依次通过四通阀的第一接口121、第三接口123、气管截止阀162后，从室内换热器的接管161进入室内换热器16。经室内换热器16冷凝降温后从室内节流装置的接管151流出，之后被室内节流装置15节流，之后从室外换热器的第 二接管133进入室外换热器13。冷媒在室外换热器的发卡管131中蒸发换热后从室外换热器的第一接管132流出，依次经过四通阀的第二接口122、第四接口124后，从气液分离器的接管173进入气液分离器17，经气液分离器17气液分离后从压缩机的吸气管114重新回到压缩机11中参与循环。
本发明的热泵式空调系统1在制热运行时，如果室外换热器13出现结霜或制热低压过低时，旁通阀212打开。此时，从排气管112通过的高温高压的冷媒中的一小部分从旁通回路的第一端214分流进入旁通回路21，但其余主流的高温高压的冷媒依次通过四通阀12的第一接口121、第三接口123以流入室内换热器16进行制热循环。小部分高温高压的冷媒在流经旁通阀212后被辅助节流装置213节流，之后进入旁通换热管211放热，热量经翅片传递后将室外换热器13上的结霜清除。该小部分冷媒之后直接从旁通回路的第二端215流出并汇集到气液分离器的接管173中，之后经气液分离器17气液分离后进入压缩机11的吸气管114。因此，通过上述旁通回路21，能够实现除霜的同时不中断制热循环的目的。进一步地，冷媒在进入气液分离器的接管173中后，能够对低压管路适当补气，进而平衡高低压力，因此在除霜的同时还能解决制热时低压过低的问题。
本发明还提供一种控制方法，用于调节上述热泵式空调系统1。需要说明的是，该控制方法也可用于其他合适的空调系统中。
图2是本发明控制方法的流程图。如图2所示，在热泵式空调系统1处于制热模式下时，该控制方法包括以下步骤：获取室外换热器的实时温度(S1)；获取外界环境的实时环境温度以确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度(S2)；计算实时温度与室外露点温度或室外湿球温度之间的差值(S3)；当差值≤0时，开启旁通阀以进行除霜；并且当差值>0时，关闭旁通阀(S4)。
图3是本发明控制方法的一种实施例的流程图。如图3所示，在热泵式空调系统1处于制热模式下时，该控制方法首先执行步骤S1，获取室外换热器13的实时温度Te。在一种或多种实施例中，通过在室外换热器13上安装除霜温度传感器来获取室外换热器13表面的实时温度Te。 替代地，还可以通过其他常见的方式获取室外换热器13的实时温度Te。该除霜温度传感器安装在室外换热器13的最易结霜的位置。在一种或多种实施例中，该除霜温度传感器安装在室外换热器13的翅片上。替代地，该除霜温度传感器安装在室外换热器13的发卡管131上。
如图3所示，除了获取室外换热器的实时温度Te，该控制方法还执行步骤S201，获取天气预报播报的温度作为外界环境的实时环境温度。步骤S201与步骤S1可同时执行，也可按照先后顺序执行：先执行步骤S1，再执行步骤S201，或者先执行步骤S201，再执行步骤S1。在一种或多种实施例中，热泵式空调系统1通过与用户的手机相连查询并获取天气预报播报的温度。替代地，通过在热泵式空调系统1配置联网模块从天气网站查询并获取天气预报播报的温度。在获得实时环境温度后，执行步骤S202，根据实时环境温度确定室外露点温度Tw。在一种或多种实施例中，通过查表获取该实时环境温度对应的室外露点温度Tw。
如图3所示，在获得室外换热器的实时温度Te和室外露点温度Tw后，控制方法执行步骤S301，计算实时温度Te与室外露点温度Tw之间的差值△T。获得差值△T后，控制方法前进到步骤S401，判断差值△T是否大于零。当差值△T大于零时，意味着室外换热器13的实时温度Te高于室外露点温度Tw，此时室外换热器13不会或不容易结霜，因此执行步骤S402，关闭旁通阀212，控制方法结束。在旁通阀212关闭的情况下，高温高压的冷媒全部从排气管112通过，不会进入旁通回路21中，因此参与循环的全部冷媒都参与制热。当差值△T小于等于零时，意味着室外换热器13实时温度Te不高于室外露点温度Tw，这意味着室外换热器13已经出现结霜情况。因此，控制方法执行步骤S403，打开旁通阀212。当旁通阀212打开时，一小部分高温高压的冷媒从旁通回路21经过，因此不参与制热。该小部分冷媒对室外换热器13进行加热、除霜。在一种或多种实施例中，旁通阀212打开预设时间后自动关闭，控制方法结束。在一种或多种实施例中，预设时间不大于3分钟。特别地，预设时间为30s、60s、90s、或120s。在一种或多种实施例中，在预定间隔时间后从步骤S1开始重新执行本发明的控制方法。在一种或多种实施例中，预定间隔时间不大于3分钟。特别地，时间间隔为30s、60s、90s、 或120s。
在控制方法的上述实施例中，外界环境的实时环境温度直接通过天气预报播报的温度获取，无需额外测量或监测，能够有效降低控制方法获取温度的难度，从而降低控制方法的复杂度。
图4是本发明控制方法的另一种实施例的流程图。在该实施例中，步骤S1同上述实施例，以便获取室外换热器的实时温度Te。在步骤S211中，该控制方法通过室外温度传感器获取实时的室外环境温度Tao。在一种或多种实施例中，室外温度传感器可以是空气温度探头。替代地，室外温度传感器还可以为其他合适的温度探测器。在步骤S211执行结束后，执行步骤S212，基于实时的室外环境温度Tao，通过下列公式计算室外湿球温度Tw’：
Tw’＝α*Tao+β，
其中，α、β为具有预定取值范围的参考系数。通过上述公式，能够将当前外界环境的实时温度转换成室外湿球温度Tw’。在一种或多种实施例中，α位于0.5～0.8之间，β位于-1℃～-5℃之间。在一种或多种实施例中，α、β也可以根据当地实际情况或测试情况进行调整。
如图4所示，在步骤S212执行结束后，控制方法执行步骤S311，计算实时温度Te与室外湿球温度Tw’之间的差值△T’。获得差值△T’后，控制方法前进到步骤S411，判断差值△T’是否大于零。当差值△T’大于零时，意味着室外换热器13实时温度Te高于室外湿球温度Tw’，此时室外换热器13不会或不容易结霜，因此执行步骤S412，关闭截止阀212，控制方法结束。在截止阀212关闭的情况下，高温高压的冷媒全部从排气管112通过，不会进入旁通回路21中，因此参与循环的全部冷媒都参与制热。当差值△T’小于等于零时，意味着室外换热器13实时温度Te不高于室外湿球温度Tw’，此时室外换热器13已经出现结霜情况。因此，控制方法执行步骤S413，打开旁通阀212。当旁通阀212打开时，一小部分高温高压的冷媒从旁通回路21经过，因此不参与制热。该小部分冷媒对室外换热器13进行加热、除霜。在一种或多种实施例中，旁通阀212打开预设时间后自动关闭，控制方法结束。在一种或多种实施例中，预设时间不大于3分钟。特别地，预设时间为30s、60s、90s、或120s。在 一种或多种实施例中，在预定间隔时间后从步骤S1开始重新执行本发明的控制方法。在一种或多种实施例中，预定间隔时间不大于3分钟。特别地，时间间隔为30s、60s、90s、或120s。
该控制方法通过室外温度传感器直接获取当前外界环境的真实温度，能够及时、准确的了解室外环境温度的真实情况。当热泵式空调系统1处于制热循环时，通过该控制方法能够对热泵式空调系统1进行精准、及时的除霜调节，从而有效保证热泵式空调系统1的制热效果。同时该控制方法无需联网获取温度信息，具有更广泛的使用范围。
本发明还提供一种控制装置，用于执行上述任一种控制方法。
图5是本发明控制装置的框图。如图5所示，该控制装置包括：温度获取模块A1，用于获取室外换热器的实时温度和外界环境的实时环境温度；计算模块A2，用于基于实时环境温度确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度，并计算实时温度与室外露点温度或室外湿球温度的差值；处理模块A3，用于判断差值是否小于等于零，当差值≤0时，发出打开旁通阀的指令，并且当差值>0时，发出关闭旁通阀的指令。
如图5所示，温度获取模块A1包括室外换热器的实时温度获取模块A11和实时环境温度获取模块A12。在一种或多种实施例中，实时温度获取模块A11安装在室外换热器13上最易结霜的位置。在一种或多种实施例中，实时温度获取模块A11安装在室外换热器13的翅片上。在一种或多种实施例中，实时温度获取模块A11安装在室外换热器13的发卡管131上。在一种或多种实施例中，实时温度获取模块A11可以是表面温度传感器。替代地，实时温度获取模块A11还可以是其他合适的温度传感器。
在一种或多种实施例中，实时环境温度获取模块A12可以与用户的终端设备相连。特别地，终端设备为手机、电脑、平板中的任一种。替代地，实时环境温度获取模块A12可以通过互联网与天气网站连接，进而获取当地干湿球温度。替代地，实时环境温度获取模块A12还可以是能够获取当地干湿球温度的其他合适的常见模块。
如图5所示，计算模块A2用于基于实时环境温度确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度，并计算实时温度与室外露点温度或室外湿球温度的差值。在一种或多种实施例中，如果实时环境温度是实时环境温度获取模 块A12通过用户的终端设备或通过互联网从天气网站上获得的，则计算模块A2基于实时环境温度确定对应的室外露点温度。在一种或多种实施例中，如果实时环境温度是实时环境温度获取模块A12通过其他合适的常见模块直接测量外界环境直接获得的，则计算模块A2基于实时环境温度确定对应的室外湿球温度。
处理模块A3与旁通阀212电性连接。处理模块A3能够将判断结果实时反馈给旁通阀212。当差值≤0时，向旁通阀发出打开的指令，并且当差值>0时，向旁通阀发出关闭的指令。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种热泵式空调系统，其特征在于，所述热泵式空调系统包括：
    压缩机；
    室外换热器；
    旁通回路，所述旁通回路具有第一端和第二端，所述第一端连接到与所述压缩机相连的排气管上，所述第二端连接到与所述压缩机相连的吸气管上，所述旁通回路的一部分结合到所述室外换热器上，并且在所述旁通回路上沿着冷媒流向依次设有位于所述排气管与所述室外换热器之间的旁通阀和辅助节流装置，所述旁通回路配置成通过控制所述旁通阀的打开将高温冷媒从所述排气管引入所述旁通回路并经所述辅助节流装置节流后先流到所述室外换热器上再流向所述吸气管。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热泵式空调系统，其特征在于，所述室外换热器包括平行布置的多根发卡管，所述旁通回路的结合到所述室外换热器上的所述一部分由一根或多根所述发卡管构成。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的热泵式空调系统，其特征在于，构成所述旁通回路的一部分的所述一根或多根所述发卡管位于所述室外换热器的底部或中间。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的热泵式空调系统，其特征在于，在所述吸气管上设有气液分离器，并且所述第二端连接到所述气液分离器的进气口。
  5. 一种控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制方法用于调节根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的热泵式空调系统，并且在所述热泵式空调系统处于制热模式下时，所述控制方法包括以下步骤：
    获取所述室外换热器的实时温度；
    获取外界环境的实时环境温度以确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度；
    计算所述实时温度与所述室外露点温度或所述室外湿球温度之间的差值；
    当所述差值≤0时，开启所述旁通阀以进行除霜；并且
    当所述差值>0时，关闭所述旁通阀。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的控制方法，其特征在于，在所述获取外界环境的实时环境温度以确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度的步骤中，通过获取天气预报播报的温度作为所述实时环境温度。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的控制方法，其特征在于，在所述获取外界环境的实时环境温度以确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度的步骤中，将通过室外温度传感器获取的温度作为所述实时环境温度。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述室外湿球温度通过以下公式计算：
    室外湿球温度＝α*实时环境温度+β，
    其中，α、β为具有预定取值范围的参考系数。
  9. 一种控制装置，其特征在于，所述控制装置用于执行权利要求5至8中任一项所述的控制方法，并且包括：
    温度获取模块，用于获取所述室外换热器的实时温度和所述外界环境的实时环境温度；
    计算模块，用于基于所述实时环境温度确定室外露点温度或室外湿球温度，并计算所述实时温度与所述室外露点温度或所述室外湿球温度之间的差值；
    处理模块，用于判断所述差值是否小于等于零，当所述差值≤0时，发出打开所述旁通阀的指令，并且当所述差值>0时，发出关闭所述旁通阀的指令。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述温度获取模 块通过接收天气预报获取所述实时环境温度。
PCT/CN2022/087563 2021-07-30 2022-04-19 热泵式空调系统、控制方法和控制装置 WO2023005271A1 (zh)

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