WO2023060882A1 - 空调 - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2023060882A1
WO2023060882A1 PCT/CN2022/091416 CN2022091416W WO2023060882A1 WO 2023060882 A1 WO2023060882 A1 WO 2023060882A1 CN 2022091416 W CN2022091416 W CN 2022091416W WO 2023060882 A1 WO2023060882 A1 WO 2023060882A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
port
way valve
heat exchanger
air conditioner
connecting pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/091416
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘志萌
张岐军
宋龙
Original Assignee
青岛海尔空调器有限总公司
青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
海尔智家股份有限公司
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Application filed by 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司, 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司, 海尔智家股份有限公司 filed Critical 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司
Publication of WO2023060882A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023060882A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2347/00—Details for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion
    • F25B2347/02—Details of defrosting cycles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of air conditioners, in particular to an air conditioner.
  • Air conditioners including but not limited to integrated air conditioners, split air conditioners, one-to-many central air conditioners, and fresh air fans, are very common in modern society and are used to adjust the indoor temperature to make the indoor temperature more in line with people's physical comfort.
  • the basic components of an air conditioner with a heating function generally include a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, a four-way valve, and a throttle valve.
  • the compressor When the air conditioner is heating, the compressor operates to compress the refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant; the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant then dissipates heat to the room through the indoor heat exchanger (which acts as a condenser at this time) to heat the room Air, while the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is condensed into a medium-high temperature liquid refrigerant; the medium-high temperature liquid refrigerant is then throttled to a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant by a throttle valve (such as an electronic expansion valve or a thermal expansion valve); The liquid refrigerant flows into the outdoor heat exchanger (which acts as an evaporator at this time) and evaporates into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant by absorbing the heat of the outdoor ambient air; the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is then sucked by the compressor and then drawn
  • the surface temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger When the temperature of the external environment is already low (for example, close to 0°C or lower than 0°C), the surface temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger will be lowered to be lower than the temperature of the external environment during the refrigerant evaporation process, so the outdoor heat exchange Frost is likely to form on the surface of the device. Frosting will reduce the air passage between the fins of the outdoor heat exchanger, increase the thermal resistance of the outdoor heat exchanger, lead to a sharp deterioration in the performance of the outdoor heat exchanger, and may even cause damage to the outdoor heat exchanger in severe cases. Therefore, when the frost layer of the outdoor heat exchanger reaches a certain thickness, it must be defrosted.
  • the Chinese utility model patent CN213631047U discloses a defrosting system of a triple heat supply pump and its control device.
  • the triple heat pump also includes a parallel hot water side heat exchanger and an air conditioner side heat exchanger, wherein the hot water side heat exchanger is used to provide hot water, while the air conditioner side heat exchanger
  • the air conditioner provides hot or cold air to regulate the temperature of the room.
  • the triple heat pump is also equipped with a first four-way valve and a second four-way valve respectively corresponding to the hot water side heat exchanger and the air conditioner side heat exchanger.
  • the triple heat pump can implement heating defrosting mode and hot water defrosting mode.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant from the compressor first flows through the D port and E port of the first four-way valve, and the D port and C port of the second four-way valve. , and then flow into the wind-side heat exchanger (which acts as an evaporator in heating mode and is generally located outdoors) to melt off the frost layer on its outer surface.
  • the wind-side heat exchanger which acts as an evaporator in heating mode and is generally located outdoors
  • high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant enters the wind-side heat exchanger from the upper position and exits from the lower part for defrosting.
  • the refrigerant flows downward, its temperature gradually decreases so that it cannot defrost the lower part or bottom of the wind-side heat exchanger, and the defrosted water from the upper part of the wind-side heat exchanger also accumulates in the lower part, gradually flowing in the wind
  • the lower part of the side heat exchanger forms an ice accumulation area, which leads to the problem of incomplete or frequent defrosting of the air conditioner.
  • the present invention provides an air conditioner
  • the air conditioner includes: a compressor, which has a suction port and an exhaust port; an outdoor heat exchanger, which has a first connecting pipe connected to the upper or top of the outdoor heat exchanger and a second connecting pipe connected to the lower or bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger; a first four-way valve, which has The first port communicated with the suction port, the second port communicated with the exhaust port, the third port communicated with the indoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner, and the fourth port; the second four-way valve , which has a first port communicated with the fourth port of the first four-way valve, a second port communicated with the first pipe, a third port communicated with the second pipe, and the air conditioner
  • the fourth port that communicates with the outdoor expansion valve, wherein the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are configured to be reversible
  • the air conditioner of the present invention is also separately equipped with a second four-way valve specially used to improve the defrosting effect .
  • the second four-way valve has a first port communicated with the fourth port of the first four-way valve, a second port communicated with the first pipe, a third port communicated with the second pipe, and communicated with the outdoor expansion valve of the air conditioner the fourth interface.
  • the second four-way valve arranged between the first connecting pipe connected to the upper or top of the outdoor heat exchanger and the second connecting pipe connected to the lower or bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger can be reversed, so that from The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the exhaust port of the compressor flows into the outdoor heat exchanger from the bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger after passing through the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve in sequence, and transfers the middle and lower parts of the outdoor heat exchanger. Frost turns into water and flows away from the chassis. Since the bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger has a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant, the water formed by the upper part of the frost will not accumulate at the bottom, so that the defrosting time is shortened and complete.
  • the first port and the third port of the first four-way valve communicate with each other, and the second port and the fourth port of the first four-way valve communicate with each other;
  • the first port and the third port of the second four-way valve communicate with each other, and the second port and the fourth port of the second four-way valve communicate with each other;
  • the gas refrigerant discharged from the exhaust port first flows through the second port, the fourth port of the first four-way valve and the first four-way valve before flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger from the second connecting pipe.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger acts as a condenser and the indoor heat exchanger acts as an evaporator.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant from the compressor enters the first four-way valve through the second port of the first four-way valve and leaves the first four-way valve through the fourth port, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant passes through the first port Enter the second four-way valve and leave the second four-way valve through the third port so as to enter the outdoor heat exchanger from the lower part or bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger along the second connecting pipe.
  • the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger from the first connection After the device, it first flows through the second port and the fourth port of the second four-way valve in sequence, and then flows to the outdoor expansion valve.
  • Such a configuration allows the refrigerant to enter the indoor heat exchanger after passing through the outdoor expansion valve and then expanding and throttling through the indoor expansion valve, so that the indoor heat exchanger acts as an evaporator.
  • the first port of the first four-way valve communicates with the fourth port, and the second port of the first four-way valve communicates with the third port, so that the gas refrigerant discharged from the exhaust port flows sequentially After passing through the second port and the third port of the first four-way valve, it flows to the indoor heat exchanger;
  • the first port and the second port of the second four-way valve communicate with each other, and the third port and the fourth port of the second four-way valve communicate with each other, so that the liquid refrigerant leaving the indoor heat exchanger passes through the outdoor After throttling and lowering the temperature, the expansion valve flows through the fourth port and the third port of the second four-way valve in sequence, and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger from the second connecting pipe.
  • the indoor heat exchanger acts as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger acts as an evaporator.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant from the compressor enters the first four-way valve through the second port of the first four-way valve and leaves the first four-way valve through the third port, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant enters along the pipeline.
  • Indoor heat exchanger to heat the indoor air.
  • the refrigerant condensed into liquid in the indoor heat exchanger is then expanded and throttled by the outdoor expansion valve into a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant, enters the second four-way valve from the fourth port, and leaves the second four-way valve from the third port to follow
  • the second connecting pipe enters the outdoor heat exchanger from the lower part or bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger through the first connecting pipe After the compressor, it first flows through the second port and the first port of the second four-way valve and the fourth port and the first port of the first four-way valve in sequence, and then flows to the suction port of the compressor.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger acts as an evaporator, so the gas refrigerant evaporated therein flows through the second four-way valve and the first four-way valve sequentially and can be sucked into it by the compressor.
  • the first port and the third port of the first four-way valve communicate with each other, and the second port and the fourth port of the first four-way valve communicate with each other;
  • the first port and the second port of the second four-way valve communicate with each other, and the third port and the fourth port of the second four-way valve communicate with each other;
  • the gas refrigerant discharged from the exhaust port flows through the second port and the fourth port of the first four-way valve and the first port and the second port of the second four-way valve in sequence, it flows from the The first connecting pipe flows into the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger acts as a condenser and the indoor heat exchanger acts as an evaporator.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant from the compressor enters the first four-way valve through the second port of the first four-way valve and leaves the first four-way valve through the fourth port, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant passes through the first port Enter the second four-way valve and leave the second four-way valve through the second port so as to enter the outdoor heat exchanger from the upper part or top of the outdoor heat exchanger along the first connecting pipe.
  • the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger from the second connecting pipe After that, it first flows through the third port and the fourth port of the second four-way valve in sequence, and then flows to the outdoor expansion valve.
  • Such a configuration allows the refrigerant to enter the indoor heat exchanger after passing through the outdoor expansion valve and then expanding and throttling through the indoor expansion valve, so that the indoor heat exchanger acts as an evaporator.
  • a defrosting temperature sensor is provided on the outdoor heat exchanger, and the defrosting temperature sensor is arranged on the second connecting pipe.
  • the temperature on the second connecting pipe is generally the lowest compared to other parts of the outdoor heat exchanger, and it is also the place where frost is most likely to form.
  • the temperature measured by the defrosting temperature sensor on the second connecting pipe can be used to accurately determine whether the air conditioner needs defrosting.
  • a central temperature sensor is provided on the outdoor heat exchanger, and the central temperature sensor is arranged at a central position of the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the temperature measured by the central temperature sensor can also be used to determine whether the air conditioner needs defrosting.
  • the air conditioner includes multiple indoor heat exchangers connected in parallel or a single indoor heat exchanger.
  • the configuration of the air conditioner of the present invention is not only applicable to the configuration of the air conditioner with a single indoor heat exchanger, but also applicable to the configuration of the air conditioner with multiple indoor heat exchangers (also called “multi-connected system").
  • Fig. 1 is the system schematic diagram of the embodiment of air conditioner of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the flow of refrigerant in the cooling mode of the embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the flow of refrigerant in the heating mode of the embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of refrigerant flow in the defrosting mode of the embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention.
  • Air conditioner 10. Outdoor unit; 11. Compressor; 111. Exhaust port; 112. Suction port; 113. Exhaust pipe; 114. Discharge pressure sensor; 115. Suction pressure sensor; 116. Suction Temperature sensor; 117, suction pipe; 12, first four-way valve; 121, first four-way valve connection; 122, gas-liquid separator connection; 123, outdoor unit first connection; 13, second four-way valve; 131.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 141.
  • Outdoor expansion valve 151, the first connecting pipe of the indoor unit; 152, the liquid pipe stop valve; 153, the filter; 16, the gas-liquid separator; 20, the indoor unit; 20a, the first indoor unit; 20b, the second indoor unit; 20c, the third indoor unit; 21, the indoor heat exchanger; 211, the second connecting pipe of the indoor unit; 212, the stop valve of the air pipe; 22, the indoor expansion valve; 221, the connecting pipe of the indoor expansion valve; 23, the temperature sensor of the indoor unit.
  • the present invention provides an air conditioner 1, which includes: a compressor 11, which has a suction port 112 and an exhaust port 111;
  • the heat exchanger 14 has a first connecting pipe 141 connected to the upper or top of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 and a second connecting pipe 142 connected to the lower or bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger 14;
  • the first four-way valve 12 has a connection with the suction port 112
  • the second four-way valve 13 has a The first port communicated with the fourth port of the valve 12, the second port communicated with the first pipe 141, the third port communicated with the second pipe 142, and the fourth port communicated with the outdoor expansion valve 15 of the air conditioner 1,
  • the first four-way valve 12 and the second four-way valve 13 are configured to switch directions when the air conditioner
  • Fig. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention.
  • the air conditioner 1 of the present invention includes an outdoor unit 10 and three indoor units 20 connected in parallel, wherein the indoor units 20 connected in parallel are the first indoor unit 20a, the second The indoor unit 20b, and the third indoor unit 20c, and may be arranged in different rooms.
  • the air conditioner 1 may have one, two or other suitable number of indoor units.
  • the outdoor unit 10 and each indoor unit 20 are interconnected through refrigerant pipelines to form a refrigeration circuit allowing refrigerant to flow therein.
  • the configuration of each indoor unit 20 may be the same or different.
  • the operation modes of the air conditioner 1 include but not limited to air supply, cooling, heating, defrosting mode, and dehumidification mode.
  • each indoor unit 20 includes components such as an indoor heat exchanger 21 and an indoor expansion valve 22 .
  • the indoor heat exchanger 21 is a fin coil heat exchanger.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 21 may also be a plate heat exchanger or other suitable heat exchangers.
  • the indoor expansion valve 22 may be an electronic expansion valve or a thermal expansion valve.
  • the indoor expansion valve 22 is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 21 through an indoor expansion valve connecting pipe 221 .
  • an indoor unit temperature sensor 23 is provided on the indoor expansion valve connecting pipe 221 and at a position close to the indoor heat exchanger 21 for detecting the coil temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 21 .
  • the outdoor unit 10 includes a compressor 11, a first four-way valve 12, a second four-way valve 13, an outdoor heat exchanger 14, an outdoor expansion valve 15, and an air compressor.
  • Liquid separator 16 the compressor 11 is a screw compressor.
  • the compressor 11 may also be a centrifugal compressor, a scroll compressor or other suitable compressors.
  • the compressor 11 can also be configured as two or more compressors connected in parallel. According to actual needs, the configuration of each compressor 11 can be the same or different.
  • the compressor 11 has a discharge port 111 and a suction port 112 .
  • the discharge port 111 of the compressor 11 communicates with the second port of the first four-way valve 12 through the discharge pipe 113 .
  • a discharge pressure sensor 114 is arranged on the discharge pipe 113 for detecting the discharge pressure of the compressor 11 .
  • the suction port 112 of the compressor 11 is connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 16 through a suction pipe 117 (not marked in the figure).
  • a suction pressure sensor 115 and a suction temperature sensor 116 are respectively arranged on the suction pipe 117 for detecting the suction pressure and temperature of the compressor 11 .
  • each of the first four-way valve 12 and the second four-way valve 13 has four ports: the first port 1#, the second port 2#, the third port 3#, and the fourth port 4 #.
  • the second port of the first four-way valve 12 is connected to the exhaust pipe 113 .
  • the first port of the first four-way valve 12 is connected to the air inlet of the gas-liquid separator 16 through the gas-liquid separator connecting pipe 122 .
  • the third port of the first four-way valve 12 is connected to the air pipe shut-off valve 212 through the first connecting pipe 123 of the outdoor unit, and the air pipe shut-off valve 212 is respectively connected to the indoor heat exchanger 21 of each indoor unit through the second connecting pipe 211 of the indoor unit. .
  • the fourth port of the first four-way valve 12 is connected to the first port of the second four-way valve 13 through the first four-way valve adapter 121 .
  • the second port of the second four-way valve 13 is connected to the first connecting pipe 141 of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 through the first connecting pipe 132 of the second four-way valve.
  • the third port of the second four-way valve 13 is connected to the second connecting pipe 142 of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 through the second connecting pipe 131 of the second four-way valve.
  • the fourth port of the second four-way valve 13 is connected to the outdoor expansion valve 15 through the second connecting pipe 133 of the outdoor unit.
  • the outdoor expansion valve 15 includes, but is not limited to, an electronic expansion valve and a thermal expansion valve.
  • a filter 153 and a liquid pipe shut-off valve 152 are respectively provided on the second connecting pipe 133 of the outdoor unit.
  • the filter 153 is located between the outdoor expansion valve 15 and the liquid line stop valve 152 .
  • the liquid pipe stop valve 152 is connected to the indoor expansion valve 22 of each indoor unit through the first connecting pipe 151 of the indoor unit.
  • the cooperation of the liquid pipe shut-off valve 152 and the gas pipe shut-off valve 212 can facilitate operations such as maintenance of the air conditioner 1 and replenishment of refrigerant.
  • Each indoor expansion valve 22 is connected to the corresponding indoor heat exchanger 21 through the corresponding indoor expansion valve connecting pipe 221 .
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 14 is a fin-coil heat exchanger, and thus includes a plurality of fins sleeved on hairpin tubes.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 14 has a first connecting pipe 141 connected to its upper part or top and a second connecting pipe 142 connected to its lower part or bottom.
  • the second connecting pipe 142 is equivalent to a liquid collecting pipe, because the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant generated after being throttled and expanded by the outdoor expansion valve 15 enters the outdoor heat exchanger 14 from the second connecting pipe 142 , Therefore, compared with other parts of the outdoor heat exchanger 14, the temperature at the second connecting pipe 142 is usually the lowest.
  • a defrosting temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) for detecting the defrosting temperature can be arranged on the second connecting pipe 142 to obtain the defrosting temperature for judging whether the outdoor heat exchanger 14 needs to be defrosted.
  • a middle temperature sensor is arranged in the middle of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 for detecting the middle temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 . In the heating mode, the middle temperature can also be used to determine whether the outdoor heat exchanger 14 needs to be defrosted, for example, when the middle temperature is lower than the above-mentioned defrosting temperature.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of refrigerant flow in cooling mode of an embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention.
  • the compressor 11 compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked through the suction pipe 117 into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged from the exhaust port 111 .
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flows into the first four-way valve 12 along the exhaust pipe 113 according to the arrow shown in the figure.
  • the first port of the first four-way valve 12 communicates with the third port, while its second port communicates with the fourth port; at the same time, the first port of the second four-way valve 13 communicates with the second port connected, and its third interface communicates with the fourth interface. Therefore, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant entering the first four-way valve 12 leaves from the fourth port of the first four-way valve 12 and flows to the second four-way valve 13 along the first four-way valve connecting pipe 121, so as to flow from the first four-way valve 12 to the second four-way valve 13. The interface enters the second four-way valve 13.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant leaves the second port of the second four-way valve 13 and flows along the first connecting pipe 132 of the second four-way valve to the first connecting pipe 141 located at the top of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 .
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is condensed into a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant by releasing heat to the surrounding environment in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 .
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 from the second connecting pipe 142 located at the bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 .
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows to the second four-way valve 13 along the second connecting pipe 131 of the second four-way valve.
  • Medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the second four-way valve 13 from the third port and exits from the fourth port, and then flows through the outdoor expansion valve 15, the filter 153, and the liquid pipe shut-off valve in sequence along the second connecting pipe 133 of the outdoor unit. 152, so as to enter the corresponding indoor unit 20.
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows along the first connecting pipe 151 of the indoor unit to the indoor expansion valve 22 of the corresponding indoor unit.
  • the indoor expansion valve 22 expands and throttles the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant into a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the corresponding indoor heat exchanger 21 along the connecting pipe 221 of the indoor expansion valve.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 21 the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant is evaporated into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant by absorbing the heat of the indoor air, and the indoor air is also cooled to a preset temperature.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant leaving the indoor heat exchanger 21 flows along the second connecting pipe 211 of the indoor unit to the air pipe stop valve 212 so as to enter the outdoor unit 10 .
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flows to the first four-way valve 12 along the first connecting pipe 123 of the outdoor unit.
  • Low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flows in from the third port of the first four-way valve 12 and flows out from the first port thereof.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant leaving the first four-way valve 12 flows into the gas-liquid separator 16 along the gas-liquid separator connecting pipe 122 . After the gas-liquid separation in the gas-liquid separator 16 , the gas refrigerant is sucked by the compressor along the suction pipe 117 and compressed for a new cycle.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of refrigerant flow in the heating mode of the embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention.
  • the compressor 11 compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked through the suction pipe 117 into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged from the exhaust port 111 .
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flows into the first four-way valve 12 along the exhaust pipe 113 according to the arrow shown in the figure.
  • the first port of the first four-way valve 12 communicates with the fourth port, and its second port communicates with the third port; at the same time, the first port of the second four-way valve 13 communicates with the second port.
  • the interfaces are connected, and the third interface is connected with the fourth interface. Therefore, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant entering the first four-way valve 12 leaves the third port of the first four-way valve 12 and flows to the corresponding indoor unit 20 along the first connecting pipe 123 of the outdoor unit via the air pipe stop valve 212 . In the corresponding indoor unit 20 , the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flows into the corresponding indoor heat exchanger 21 along the second connecting pipe 211 of the indoor unit.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant releases heat to the indoor air to heat the indoor air, and at the same time is condensed into a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows along the indoor expansion valve connecting pipe 221 to the indoor expansion valve 22, and then flows along the indoor unit first connecting pipe 151 to the liquid pipe stop valve 152 to enter Outdoor unit 10.
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant first flows through the filter 153, then flows through the outdoor expansion valve 15 and is throttled and expanded into a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant flows to the second four-way valve 13 along the second connecting pipe 133 of the outdoor unit, flows into the second four-way valve 13 through the fourth port, and leaves the second four-way valve 13 through the third port.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant leaving the second four-way valve 13 sequentially enters the bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 along the second connecting pipe 131 and the second connecting pipe 142 of the second four-way valve.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant evaporates into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant by absorbing heat from the ambient air.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 through the first connecting pipe 141 connected to the top of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 .
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant enters from the second port of the second four-way valve 13 and leaves from its first port, and then flows in from the fourth port of the first four-way valve 12 and flows from its first port.
  • An interface flows out.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant leaving the first four-way valve 12 flows into the gas-liquid separator 16 along the gas-liquid separator connecting pipe 122 . After the gas-liquid separation in the gas-liquid separator 16 , the gas refrigerant is sucked by the compressor along the suction pipe 117 and compressed for a new cycle.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of refrigerant flow in the defrosting mode of the embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention.
  • the compressor 11 compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked through the suction pipe 117 into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged from the exhaust port 111 .
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flows into the first four-way valve 12 along the exhaust pipe 113 according to the arrow shown in the figure.
  • the first port of the first four-way valve 12 communicates with the third port, while its second port communicates with the fourth port; at the same time, the first port of the second four-way valve 13 communicates with the third port.
  • the interfaces communicate with each other, and the second interface thereof communicates with the fourth interface. Therefore, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant entering the first four-way valve 12 leaves from the fourth port of the first four-way valve 12 and flows to the second four-way valve 13 along the first four-way valve connecting pipe 121, so as to flow from the first four-way valve 12 to the second four-way valve 13.
  • the interface enters the second four-way valve 13.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant leaves the third port of the second four-way valve 13 and flows along the second connecting pipe 131 of the second four-way valve to the second connecting pipe 142 at the bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 .
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant radiates outward in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 to melt the frost layer on the outer surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 14, and is condensed into a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant itself.
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 from the first connecting pipe 141 located at the top of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 .
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows to the second four-way valve 13 along the first connecting pipe 132 of the second four-way valve.
  • Medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the second four-way valve 13 from the second port and exits from the fourth port, and then flows through the outdoor expansion valve 15, the filter 153, and the liquid pipe shut-off valve in sequence along the second connecting pipe 133 of the outdoor unit. 152, so as to enter the corresponding indoor unit 20.
  • the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows along the first connecting pipe 151 of the indoor unit to the indoor expansion valve 22 of the corresponding indoor unit.
  • the indoor expansion valve 22 expands and throttles the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant into a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the corresponding indoor heat exchanger 21 along the connecting pipe 221 of the indoor expansion valve.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 21 the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant is evaporated into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant by absorbing the heat of the indoor air.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant leaving the indoor heat exchanger 21 flows along the second connecting pipe 211 of the indoor unit to the air pipe stop valve 212 so as to enter the outdoor unit 10 .
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flows to the first four-way valve 12 along the first connecting pipe 123 of the outdoor unit.
  • Low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flows in from the third port of the first four-way valve 12 and flows out from the first port thereof.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant leaving the first four-way valve 12 flows into the gas-liquid separator 16 along the gas-liquid separator connecting pipe 122 . After the gas-liquid separation in the gas-liquid separator 16 , the gas refrigerant is sucked by the compressor along the suction pipe 117 and compressed for a new cycle.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种空调，其包括：压缩机，其具有吸气口和排气口；室外换热器，其具有连通室外换热器上部或顶部的第一接管和连通室外换热器下部或底部的第二接管；第一四通阀，其具有与吸气口连通的第一接口、与排气口连通的第二接口、可连通空调的室内换热器的第三接口、和第四接口；第二四通阀，其具有与第一四通阀的第四接口连通的第一接口、与第一接管连通的第二接口、与第二接管连通的第三接口、和与空调的室外膨胀阀连通的第四接口，其中，第一四通阀和第二四通阀配置成当空调进入除霜模式时可换向以使从排气口排出的气体冷媒从第二接管流入室外换热器。该空调配置可保证室外换热器上部霜化成的水不在底部堆积，因此化霜时间缩短且彻底。

Description

空调 技术领域
本发明涉及空调领域，具体地涉及一种空调。
背景技术
空调，包括但不限于一体式空调、分体式空调、一拖多中央空调、和新风机，在现代社会中是十分常见的，用于调节室内温度使得室内温度更加符合人们的身体舒适度。具有制热功能的空调的基本组成部分一般包括压缩机、室外换热器、室内换热器、四通阀、和节流阀。在空调制热时，压缩机运转以将冷媒压缩成高温、高压的气体冷媒；该高温、高压的气体冷媒然后经过室内换热器(其此时充当冷凝器)将热量散发到室内以加热室内空气，而高温高压的气态冷媒被冷凝为中高温的液体冷媒；中高温的液体冷媒然后被节流阀(例如电子膨胀阀或热力膨胀阀)节流为低温、低压的液体冷媒；低温、低压的液体冷媒流入室外换热器(其此时充当蒸发器)并在其中通过吸收室外环境空气的热量而蒸发为低温、低压的气态冷媒；低温、低压的气态冷媒随后被压缩机吸入并再被压缩成高温、高压的气体冷媒，空调因此开始新的循环。当外部环境的温度已经较低时(例如接近0℃或比0℃低)，室外换热器在冷媒蒸发过程中其表面的温度会被降低到比外部环境的温度更低，因此室外换热器的表面很可能出现结霜现象。结霜将会减小室外换热器的翅片间的空气通道，增加室外换热器的热阻，导致室外换热器的性能急剧恶化，严重时甚至可能导致室外换热器损坏。因此，当室外换热器的霜层达到一定厚度后就必须进行除霜。
现有空调已经发展出不同的除霜技术。例如，中国实用新型专利CN213631047U公开了一种三联供热泵的除霜系统及其控制装置。该三联供热泵除了包括压缩机和风侧换热器外，还包括并联的热水侧换热器和空调侧换热器，其中，热水侧换热器用于提供热水，而空调侧换热器则 提供用于调节房间温度的热风或冷风。对应地，该三联供热泵还配有分别对应热水侧换热器和空调侧换热器的第一四通阀和第二四通阀。该三联供热泵可实施制热除霜模式和热水除霜模式。在制热除霜和热水除霜模式下，来自压缩机的高温高压的气体冷媒都先依次流过第一四通阀的D口和E口、第二四通阀的D口和C口，再流入风侧换热器(其在制热模式下充当蒸发器，一般位于室外)以化掉其外表面上的霜层。需要指出的是，在上述三联供热泵的除霜系统中，忽略了高温高压的气体冷媒从不同位置进入风侧换热器对除霜效果所产生的影响。例如，高温高压的气体冷媒从上部位置进入风侧换热器并从其下部离开以进行化霜。随着冷媒的向下流动，其温度逐渐降低以至于不能对风侧换热器的下部或底部进行化霜，并且风侧换热器的上部化霜流下的水也堆积在下部，逐渐在风侧换热器的下部形成冰块堆积区，从而导致空调除霜不彻底或除霜频繁的问题。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的技术方案来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有技术中空调除霜不彻底或除霜频繁的技术问题，本发明提供一种空调，所述空调包括：压缩机，其具有吸气口和排气口；室外换热器，其具有连通所述室外换热器上部或顶部的第一接管和连通所述室外换热器下部或底部的第二接管；第一四通阀，其具有与所述吸气口连通的第一接口、与所述排气口连通的第二接口、可连通到所述空调的室内换热器的第三接口、和第四接口；第二四通阀，其具有与所述第一四通阀的第四接口连通的第一接口、与所述第一接管连通的第二接口、与所述第二接管连通的第三接口、和与所述空调的室外膨胀阀连通的第四接口，其中，所述第一四通阀和所述第二四通阀配置成当所述空调进入除霜模式时可换向以使从所述排气口排出的气体冷媒从所述第二接管流入所述室外换热器。
为了解决除霜不彻底或频繁的技术问题，本发明空调在配置用于制冷和制热模式切换的第一四通阀之外，还单独配置专门用于提高除霜效果的第二四通阀。第二四通阀具有与第一四通阀的第四接口连通的第一 接口、与第一接管连通的第二接口、与第二接管连通的第三接口、和与空调的室外膨胀阀连通的第四接口。因此，在除霜模式下，布置在连通室外换热器上部或顶部的第一接管和连通室外换热器下部或底部的第二接管之间的第二四通阀可被换向，使得从压缩机排气口排出的高温高压的气体冷媒在依次通过第一四通阀和第二四通阀后，从室外换热器的底部流入室外换热器，将室外换热器中下部上的霜化成水并从底盘流走，由于室外换热器底部具有高温高压的气体冷媒，因此上部霜化成的水不会在底部堆积，使得化霜时间缩短且彻底。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，当所述空调在除霜模式下运行时：
所述第一四通阀的第一接口和第三接口互通，并且所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第四接口互通；
所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第三接口互通，并且所述第二四通阀的第二接口和第四接口互通；
从所述排气口排出的所述气体冷媒在从所述第二接管流入所述室外换热器之前先依次流过所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第四接口以及所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第三接口。在除霜模式下，室外换热器充当冷凝器，而室内换热器充当蒸发器。因此，来自压缩机的高温高压的气体冷媒通过第一四通阀的第二接口进入第一四通阀并从第四接口离开第一四通阀，然后该高温高压的气体冷媒从第一接口进入第二四通阀并从第三接口离开第二四通阀以便沿着第二接管从室外换热器的下部或底部进入室外换热器。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，当所述空调在除霜模式下运行时，所述室外换热器内的冷媒在从所述第一接管流出所述室外换热器之后，先依次流过所述第二四通阀的第二接口和第四接口，再流向所述室外膨胀阀。这样的配置允许冷媒可通过室外膨胀阀后再经过室内膨胀阀膨胀节流后进入室内换热器，使得室内换热器充当了蒸发器的功能。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，当所述空调在制热模式下运行时：
所述第一四通阀的第一接口和第四接口互通，并且所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第三接口互通，使得从所述排气口排出的所述气体冷媒依次流过所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第三接口后流向所述室内换热器；
所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第二接口互通，并且所述第二四通阀的第三接口和第四接口互通，使得离开所述室内换热器的液体冷媒经过所述室外膨胀阀节流降温后依次流过所述第二四通阀的第四接口和第三接口，然后从所述第二接管流入所述室外换热器。在制热模式下，室内换热器充当冷凝器，而室外换热器充当蒸发器。因此，来自压缩机的高温高压的气体冷媒通过第一四通阀的第二接口进入第一四通阀并从第三接口离开第一四通阀，然后该高温高压的气体冷媒沿着管道进入室内换热器以加热室内空气。在室内换热器中冷凝成液体的冷媒再通过室外膨胀阀膨胀节流成低温低压的液体冷媒，从第四接口进入第二四通阀并从第三接口离开第二四通阀以便沿着第二接管从室外换热器的下部或底部进入室外换热器。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，当所述空调在制热模式下运行时，所述室外换热器内的冷媒在从所述第一接管流出所述室外换热器之后，先依次流过所述第二四通阀的第二接口和第一接口以及所述第一四通阀的第四接口和第一接口，再流向所述压缩机的吸气口。在制热模式下，室外换热器充当蒸发器，因此在其中蒸发的气体冷媒依次流过第二四通阀和第一四通阀后可被压缩机吸入其中。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，当所述空调在制冷模式下运行时：
所述第一四通阀的第一接口和第三接口互通，并且所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第四接口互通；
所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第二接口互通，并且所述第二四通阀的第三接口和第四接口互通；
从所述排气口排出的所述气体冷媒在依次流过所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第四接口以及所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第二接口之后从所述第一接管流入所述室外换热器。在制冷模式下时，室外换热器充当冷凝器，而室内换热器充当蒸发器。因此，来自压缩机的高温高压的气体 冷媒通过第一四通阀的第二接口进入第一四通阀并从第四接口离开第一四通阀，然后该高温高压的气体冷媒从第一接口进入第二四通阀并从第二接口离开第二四通阀以便沿着第一接管从室外换热器的上部或顶部进入室外换热器。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，当所述空调在制冷模式下运行时，所述室外换热器内的冷媒在从所述第二接管流出所述室外换热器之后，先依次流过所述第二四通阀的第三接口和第四接口，再流向所述室外膨胀阀。这样的配置允许冷媒可通过室外膨胀阀后再经过室内膨胀阀膨胀节流后进入室内换热器，使得室内换热器充当了蒸发器的功能。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，在所述室外换热器上设有除霜温度传感器，所述除霜温度传感器布置在所述第二接管上。在制热模式下，由于低温液体冷媒从第二接管进入室外换热器，因此第二接管上的温度相对于室外换热器的其它部位一般是最低的，也是最容易结霜之处。在这种情形下，除霜温度传感器在第二接管上测得的温度可用于准确判断空调是否需要除霜。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，在所述室外换热器上设有中部温度传感器，所述中部温度传感器布置在所述室外换热器的中部位置上。中部温度传感器测得的温度也可用来判断空调是否需要除霜。
在上述用于空调的除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述空调包括并联的多个所述室内换热器或单个所述室内换热器。本发明空调的配置既适用于单个室内换热器的空调配置，也适用于具有多个室内换热器的空调配置(也可称为“多联机系统”)。
附图说明
下面结合附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式，附图中：
图1是本发明空调的实施例的系统示意图；
图2是本发明空调的实施例在制冷模式下的冷媒流向示意图；
图3是本发明空调的实施例在制热模式下的冷媒流向示意图；
图4是本发明空调的实施例在除霜模式下的冷媒流向示意图。
附图标记列表：
1、空调；10、室外机；11、压缩机；111、排气口；112、吸气口；113、排气管；114、排气压力传感器；115、吸气压力传感器；116、吸气温度传感器；117、吸气管；12、第一四通阀；121、第一四通阀接管；122、气液分离器接管；123、室外机第一接管；13、第二四通阀；131、第二四通第二接管；132、第二四通阀第一接管；133、室外机第二接管；14、室外换热器；141、第一接管；142、第二接管；15、室外膨胀阀；151、室内机第一接管；152、液管截止阀；153、过滤器；16、气液分离器；20、室内机；20a、第一室内机；20b、第二室内机；20c、第三室内机；21、室内换热器；211、室内机第二接管；212、气管截止阀；22、室内膨胀阀；221、室内膨胀阀接管；23、室内机温度传感器。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
为了解决现有技术中空调除霜不彻底或除霜频繁的技术问题，本发明提供一种空调1，该空调1包括：压缩机11，其具有吸气口112和排气口111；室外换热器14，其具有连通室外换热器14上部或顶部的第一接管141和连通室外换热器14下部或底部的第二接管142；第一四通阀12，其具有与吸气口112连通的第一接口、与排气口111连通的第二接口、可连通空调1的室内换热器21的第三接口、和第四接口；第二四通阀13，其具有与第一四通阀12的第四接口连通的第一接口、与第一接管141连通的第二接口、与第二接管142连通的第三接口、和与空调1的室外膨胀阀15连通的第四接口，其中，第一四通阀12和第二四通阀13配置成当空调1进入除霜模式时可换向以使从排气口111排出的气体冷媒从第二接管142流入室外换热器14。
图1是本发明空调的实施例的系统示意图。如图1所示，在一种或多种实施例中，本发明空调1包括室外机10和三个并联的室内机20，其 中，并联的室内机20分别为第一室内机20a、第二室内机20b、和第三室内机20c，并且可被布置在不同的房间中。替代地，空调1可以具有一个、两个或者其它合适数量的室内机。室外机10和每个室内机20通过冷媒管路互联成允许冷媒在其中流动的制冷回路。根据实际需要，每个室内机20的配置可以相同，也可以不相同。空调1的运行模式包括但不限于送风、制冷、制热、除霜模式、和除湿模式。
如图1所示，每个室内机20分别包括室内换热器21和室内膨胀阀22等部件。在一种或多种实施例中，室内换热器21为翅片盘管式换热器。替代地，室内换热器21也可为板式换热器或者其它合适的换热器。室内膨胀阀22可为电子膨胀阀，也可为热力膨胀阀。室内膨胀阀22通过室内膨胀阀接管221连接到室内换热器21。在一种或多种实施例中，在室内膨胀阀接管221上并且在靠近室内换热器21的位置处设有室内机温度传感器23，用于检测室内换热器21的盘管温度。
如图1所示，在一种或多种实施例中，室外机10包括压缩机11、第一四通阀12、第二四通阀13、室外换热器14、室外膨胀阀15、和气液分离器16。在一种或多种实施例中，压缩机11为一台螺杆式压缩机。替代地，压缩机11也可为离心式压缩机、涡旋式压缩机或者其它合适的压缩机。进一步地，压缩机11也可配置成并联的两台或者多台压缩机。根据实际需要，每台压缩机11配置可以相同，也可以不同。压缩机11具有排气口111和吸气口112。压缩机11的排气口111通过排气管113与第一四通阀12的第二接口形成连通。在排气管113上布置有排气压力传感器114，用于检测压缩机11的排气压力。压缩机11的吸气口112通过吸气管117连接到气液分离器16的出气口(图中未标注)。在吸气管117上分别布置有吸气压力传感器115和吸气温度传感器116，分别用于检测压缩机11的吸气压力和吸气温度。
如图1所示，第一四通阀12和第二四通阀13每一个均具有四个接口：第一接口1#、第二接口2#、第三接口3#、和第四接口4#。如上面所提及的，第一四通阀12的第二接口与排气管113相连。除此之外，第一四通阀12的第一接口通过气液分离器接管122连接到气液分离器16的进气口。第一四通阀12的第三接口通过室外机第一接管123连接到气 管截止阀212，而气管截止阀212又通过室内机第二接管211分别连接到每个室内机的室内换热器21。第一四通阀12的第四接口通过第一四通阀接管121连接到第二四通阀13的第一接口。第二四通阀13的第二接口通过第二四通阀第一接管132与室外换热器14的第一接管141相连。第二四通阀13的第三接口通过第二四通阀第二接管131与室外换热器14的第二接管142相连。第二四通阀13的第四接口通过室外机第二接管133连接到室外膨胀阀15。室外膨胀阀15包括但不限于电子膨胀阀和热量膨胀阀。在室外机第二接管133上还分别设有过滤器153和液管截止阀152。过滤器153位于室外膨胀阀15与液管截止阀152之间。液管截止阀152通过室内机第一接管151连接到每个室内机的室内膨胀阀22。液管截止阀152和气管截止阀212相配合可方便空调1的维修、补充冷媒等操作。每个室内膨胀阀22则通过对应的室内膨胀阀接管221连接到对应的室内换热器21。
继续参见图1，室外换热器14为翅片盘管式换热器，因此包括套在发卡管上的多个翅片。室外换热器14具有连通其上部或顶部的第一接管141和连通其下部或底部的第二接管142。当空调在制热模式下运行时，第二接管142相当于集液管，因为经过室外膨胀阀15节流膨胀后所产生的低温低压的液体冷媒从第二接管142进入室外换热器14，所以相比于室外换热器14的其它部分，第二接管142处的温度通常最低。因此，用于检测除霜温度的除霜温度传感器(图中未示出)可布置在第二接管142上，以获得用于判断室外换热器14是否需要除霜的除霜温度。在一种或多种实施例中，在室外换热器14的中间位置还布置有中部温度传感器，用于检测室外换热器13的中部温度。在制热模式中，该中部温度也可用来判断室外换热器14是否需要进行除霜，例如当该中部温度低于上面所提及的除霜温度时。
图2是本发明空调的实施例在制冷模式下的冷媒流向示意图。当本发明空调1在制冷模式下运行时，压缩机11将经由吸气管117吸入的低温低压的气体冷媒压缩成高温高压的气体冷媒，然后该高温高压的气体冷媒从排气口111排出。如图2所示，该高温高压的气体冷媒沿着排气管113按图中所示的箭头流入第一四通阀12。在制冷模式下，第一四通阀 12的第一接口与第三接口连通，而其第二接口与第四接口连通；与此同时，第二四通阀13的第一接口与第二接口连通，而其第三接口与第四接口连通。因此，进入第一四通阀12的高温高压的气体冷媒从第一四通阀12的第四接口离开并沿着第一四通阀接管121流向第二四通阀13，以从其第一接口进入第二四通阀13。然后，该高温高压的气体冷媒从第二四通阀13的第二接口离开并沿着第二四通阀第一接管132流向位于室外换热器14顶部的第一接管141。高温高压的气体冷媒在室外换热器14中通过向周围环境释放热量而被冷凝成中温高压的液体冷媒。如图2所示，该中温高压的液体冷媒从位于室外换热器14底部的第二接管142流出室外换热器14。然后，该中温高压的液体冷媒沿着第二四通阀第二接管131流向第二四通阀13。中温高压的液体冷媒从第三接口进入第二四通阀13并从其第四接口离开，进而沿着室外机第二接管133依次流过室外膨胀阀15、过滤器153、和液管截止阀152，以便进入对应的室内机20。在流过液管截止阀152后，该中温高压的液体冷媒又沿着室内机第一接管151流向对应室内机的室内膨胀阀22。室内膨胀阀22将该中温高压的液体冷媒膨胀节流成低温低压的液体冷媒。低温低压的液体冷媒沿着室内膨胀阀接管221流入对应的室内换热器21。在室内换热器21中，低温低压的液体冷媒通过吸收室内空气的热量而蒸发成低温低压的气体冷媒，同时室内空气也被冷却到预设温度。离开室内换热器21的低温低压的气体冷媒沿着室内机第二接管211流向气管截止阀212，以便进入室外机10。在室外机10中，低温低压的气体冷媒沿着室外机第一接管123流向第一四通阀12。低温低压的气体冷媒从第一四通阀12的第三接口流入并从其第一接口流出。离开第一四通阀12的低温低压的气体冷媒沿着气液分离器接管122流入气液分离器16。在气液分离器16中经过气液分离后，气体冷媒沿着吸气管117被压缩机吸入并被压缩，以便进行新的循环。
图3是本发明空调的实施例在制热模式下的冷媒流向示意图。当本发明空调1在制热模式下运行时，压缩机11将经由吸气管117吸入的低温低压的气体冷媒压缩成高温高压的气体冷媒，然后该高温高压的气体冷媒从排气口111排出。如图3所示，该高温高压的气体冷媒沿着排气管113按图中所示的箭头流入第一四通阀12。在制热模式下，第一四通阀 12的第一接口与第四接口连通，而其第二接口与第三接口连通；与此同时，第二四通阀13的第一接口与第二接口连通，而其第三接口与第四接口连通。因此，进入第一四通阀12的高温高压的气体冷媒从第一四通阀12的第三接口离开并沿着室外机第一接管123经由气管截止阀212流向对应的室内机20。在对应的室内机20中，高温高压的气体冷媒沿着室内机第二接管211流入对应的室内换热器21。在对应的室内换热器21中，高温高压的气体冷媒向室内空气释放热量以加热室内空气，同时自身被冷凝成中温高压的液体冷媒。如图3所示，中温高压的液体冷媒在离开室内换热器21后，沿着室内膨胀阀接管221流向室内膨胀阀22，接着沿着室内机第一接管151流向液管截止阀152以进入室外机10。在室外机10内，沿着室外机第二接管133，中温高压的液体冷媒先流过过滤器153，再流过室外膨胀阀15并被其节流膨胀为低温低压的液体冷媒。该低温低压的液体冷媒沿着室外机第二接管133流向第二四通阀13，经由第四接口流入第二四通阀13，并且从第三接口离开第二四通阀13。离开第二四通阀13的低温低压的液体冷媒依次沿着第二四通阀第二接管131和第二接管142进入室外换热器14的底部。在室外换热器14中，低温低压的液体冷媒通过吸收环境空气的热量而蒸发成低温低压的气体冷媒。低温低压的气体冷媒从连通室外换热器14顶部的第一接管141流出室外换热器14。然后，如图3所示，低温低压的气体冷媒从第二四通阀13的第二接口进入并从其第一接口离开，接着从第一四通阀12的第四接口流入并从其第一接口流出。离开第一四通阀12的低温低压的气体冷媒沿着气液分离器接管122流入气液分离器16。在气液分离器16中经过气液分离后，气体冷媒沿着吸气管117被压缩机吸入并被压缩，以便进行新的循环。
图4是本发明空调的实施例在除霜模式下的冷媒流向示意图。当本发明空调1在除霜模式下运行时，压缩机11将经由吸气管117吸入的低温低压的气体冷媒压缩成高温高压的气体冷媒，然后该高温高压的气体冷媒从排气口111排出。如图4所示，该高温高压的气体冷媒沿着排气管113按图中所示的箭头流入第一四通阀12。在除霜模式下，第一四通阀12的第一接口与第三接口连通，而其第二接口与第四接口连通；与此同时，第二四通阀13的第一接口与第三接口连通，而其第二接口与第四接 口连通。因此，进入第一四通阀12的高温高压的气体冷媒从第一四通阀12的第四接口离开并沿着第一四通阀接管121流向第二四通阀13，以从其第一接口进入第二四通阀13。然后，该高温高压的气体冷媒从第二四通阀13的第三接口离开并沿着第二四通阀第二接管131流向位于室外换热器14底部的第二接管142。高温高压的气体冷媒在室外换热器14中向外散热以化掉室外换热器14外表面上的霜层，而自身被冷凝成中温高压的液体冷媒。如图4所示，该中温高压的液体冷媒从位于室外换热器14顶部的第一接管141流出室外换热器14。然后，该中温高压的液体冷媒沿着第二四通阀第一接管132流向第二四通阀13。中温高压的液体冷媒从第二接口进入第二四通阀13并从其第四接口离开，进而沿着室外机第二接管133依次流过室外膨胀阀15、过滤器153、和液管截止阀152，以便进入对应的室内机20。在流过液管截止阀152后，该中温高压的液体冷媒又沿着室内机第一接管151流向对应室内机的室内膨胀阀22。室内膨胀阀22将该中温高压的液体冷媒膨胀节流成低温低压的液体冷媒。低温低压的液体冷媒沿着室内膨胀阀接管221流入对应的室内换热器21。在室内换热器21中，低温低压的液体冷媒通过吸收室内空气的热量而蒸发成低温低压的气体冷媒。离开室内换热器21的低温低压的气体冷媒沿着室内机第二接管211流向气管截止阀212，以便进入室外机10。在室外机10中，低温低压的气体冷媒沿着室外机第一接管123流向第一四通阀12。低温低压的气体冷媒从第一四通阀12的第三接口流入并从其第一接口流出。离开第一四通阀12的低温低压的气体冷媒沿着气液分离器接管122流入气液分离器16。在气液分离器16中经过气液分离后，气体冷媒沿着吸气管117被压缩机吸入并被压缩，以便进行新的循环。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种空调，其特征在于，所述空调包括：
    压缩机，其具有吸气口和排气口；
    室外换热器，其具有连通所述室外换热器上部或顶部的第一接管和连通所述室外换热器下部或底部的第二接管；
    第一四通阀，其具有与所述吸气口连通的第一接口、与所述排气口连通的第二接口、可连通所述空调的室内换热器的第三接口、和第四接口；
    第二四通阀，其具有与所述第一四通阀的第四接口连通的第一接口、与所述第一接管连通的第二接口、与所述第二接管连通的第三接口、和与所述空调的室外膨胀阀连通的第四接口，
    其中，所述第一四通阀和所述第二四通阀配置成当所述空调进入除霜模式时可换向以使从所述排气口排出的气体冷媒从所述第二接管流入所述室外换热器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空调，其特征在于，当所述空调在除霜模式下运行时：
    所述第一四通阀的第一接口和第三接口互通，并且所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第四接口互通；
    所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第三接口互通，并且所述第二四通阀的第二接口和第四接口互通；
    从所述排气口排出的所述气体冷媒在从所述第二接管流入所述室外换热器之前先依次流过所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第四接口以及所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第三接口。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的空调，其特征在于，当所述空调在除霜模式下运行时，所述室外换热器内的冷媒在从所述第一接管流出所述室外换热器之后，先依次流过所述第二四通阀的第二接口和第四接口，再流向所述室外膨胀阀。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的空调，其特征在于，当所述空调在制热模式下运行时：
    所述第一四通阀的第一接口和第四接口互通，并且所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第三接口互通，使得从所述排气口排出的所述气体冷媒依次流过所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第三接口后流向所述室内换热器；
    所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第二接口互通，并且所述第二四通阀的第三接口和第四接口互通，使得离开所述室内换热器的液体冷媒经过所述室外膨胀阀节流降温后依次流过所述第二四通阀的第四接口和第三接口，然后从所述第二接管流入所述室外换热器。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的空调，其特征在于，当所述空调在制热模式下运行时，所述室外换热器内的冷媒在从所述第一接管流出所述室外换热器之后，先依次流过所述第二四通阀的第二接口和第一接口以及所述第一四通阀的第四接口和第一接口，再流向所述压缩机的吸气口。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的空调，其特征在于，当所述空调在制冷模式下运行时：
    所述第一四通阀的第一接口和第三接口互通，并且所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第四接口互通；
    所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第二接口互通，并且所述第二四通阀的第三接口和第四接口互通；
    从所述排气口排出的所述气体冷媒在依次流过所述第一四通阀的第二接口和第四接口以及所述第二四通阀的第一接口和第二接口之后从所述第一接管流入所述室外换热器。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的空调，其特征在于，当所述空调在制冷模式下运行时，所述室外换热器内的冷媒在从所述第二接管流出所述室外换热器之后，先依次流过所述第二四通阀的第三接口和第四接口，再流向所述室外膨胀阀。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的空调，其特征在于，在所述室外换热器上设有除霜温度传感器，所述除霜温度传感器布置在所述第二接管上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的空调，其特征在于，在所述室外换热器上设有中部温度传感器，所述中部温度传感器布置在所述室外换热器的中部位置上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的空调，其特征在于，所述空调包括并联的多个所述室内换热器或单个所述室内换热器。
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