WO2023003040A1 - 冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型、セラミックスボール用素材の製造方法、および、セラミックスボールの製造方法 - Google Patents
冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型、セラミックスボール用素材の製造方法、および、セラミックスボールの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023003040A1 WO2023003040A1 PCT/JP2022/028373 JP2022028373W WO2023003040A1 WO 2023003040 A1 WO2023003040 A1 WO 2023003040A1 JP 2022028373 W JP2022028373 W JP 2022028373W WO 2023003040 A1 WO2023003040 A1 WO 2023003040A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rubber mold
- hole
- cold isostatic
- molded body
- rubber
- Prior art date
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/001—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
- B28B11/10—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads by using presses
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- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/02—Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
- B30B15/022—Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form
- B30B15/024—Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form using elastic mould parts
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- C04B35/593—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride obtained by pressure sintering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
- C04B2235/3873—Silicon nitrides, e.g. silicon carbonitride, silicon oxynitride
- C04B2235/3882—Beta silicon nitrides
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- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
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Definitions
- the embodiments described later relate to a rubber mold for cold isostatic pressing, a method for manufacturing ceramic ball materials, and a method for manufacturing ceramic balls.
- Ceramic materials have properties such as high hardness, insulation, and wear resistance. Fine ceramics, which have high purity and uniform particle size, are used in various fields such as capacitors, actuator materials, and refractory materials. It expresses the characteristics that can be Among them, bearing balls are products that take advantage of their wear resistance and insulating properties. Materials such as aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, and zirconium oxide are used for bearing balls.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-48813
- Patent Document 2764589 Patent Document 2 disclose bearings using a silicon nitride material
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-18620
- Patent Document 5 discloses a bearing using a zirconium oxide material. Furthermore, as described in Patent Document 5, there is also known a structure in which a mortar and a punch are combined, but the hole is not substantially cylindrical (the value of the depth of the end/maximum depth is 0.00). 8), and the space into which the molded body obtained when these upper rubber molds and lower rubber molds are engaged has a spherical shape as in the prior art.
- the press molding apparatus In the process of manufacturing these bearing materials, a method of sintering compacts is used.
- a press molding apparatus using a mold As shown in FIG. 1, the press molding apparatus generally includes an upper mold 1 and a lower mold 2, and powder is filled between the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 and pressure is applied. method. A binder or the like is added to the powder to be filled as necessary.
- a gap In order to protect the mold during press molding, a gap must be provided between the tip portion 3 of the upper mold 1 and the tip portion 4 of the lower mold 2 during press molding. For this reason, the molded body 5 (shown in FIG. 2) was formed with a spherical portion 6 and a band-shaped portion 7 .
- Patent Document 4 discloses a molded body having a spherical portion and a strip portion.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of the molded body.
- 5 is a molded body
- 6 is a spherical portion
- 7 is a belt-like portion
- L is the maximum dimension (or maximum diameter) of the spherical portion 6 .
- the band-shaped portion 7 has a width W and a height H with respect to the surface of the spherical portion 6 .
- the force applied to the powder is unidirectional, making it difficult to completely crush the internal voids.
- CIP Cold Isostatic Pressing
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a conventional CIP rubber mold.
- 18 is a rubber mold for CIP.
- 3A is a perspective view of the CIP rubber mold 18, and
- FIG. 3B is a side sectional view of the CIP rubber mold 18. As shown in FIG.
- the CIP rubber mold 18 for processing the molded body 5 is a mold for CIP molding.
- the CIP rubber mold 18 is plate-shaped. At this time, the plate shape has a certain thickness (height).
- a conventional CIP rubber mold 18 is provided with a plurality of hemispherical holes 19 on two opposite bottom surfaces (the upper surface and the lower surface in the drawing, excluding the side surfaces).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state in which two conventional CIP rubber molds 18 are overlaid.
- 181 is an upper rubber mold
- 182 is a lower rubber mold
- 5 is a molded body to be subjected to CIP.
- the upper rubber mold 181 and the lower rubber mold 182 are examples of the rubber mold 18 for CIP.
- 4(A) is a perspective view of the upper and lower rubber molds 181, 182 in a superimposed state
- FIG. 4(B) is a side sectional view of the upper and lower rubber molds 181, 182 in a superimposed state.
- the molded body 5 is put into the hole 19 of the lower rubber mold 182, and the hole 19 of the upper rubber mold 181 is aligned with the opposite hole 19 of the lower rubber mold 182 so as to overlap the upper rubber mold.
- the molding 5 is sealed between 181 and the lower rubber mold 182 (see FIG. 4(B)).
- the hole 19 provided in the upper rubber mold 181 has substantially the same shape as the hole 19 provided in the lower rubber mold 182, and the shape is highly symmetrical.
- the ratio "a/b" was about 2.0, and the shape was hemispherical.
- those having a ratio "a/b" of about 1.0 had a ratio of the maximum depth to the depth near the edge of about 0.8 (Table 1 and Comparative examples 1 and 3 in Table 2).
- the molded body 5 has low strength, and defects such as partial chipping and cracking have occurred in the molded body 5 due to rubbing between the molded body 5 and the upper and lower rubber molds 181 and 182 and shear stress. If the compact 5 has defects, the sintered body produced after the CIP process will also have defects. For example, when a defective sintered body is processed into a bearing ball, only a bearing ball with low reliability is obtained.
- the present invention solves such problems, and reduces the rubbing of the molded body between the upper and lower rubber molds 181 and 182 and the generation of torsional shear stress on the molded body during CIP processing.
- the rubber mold according to the embodiment is plate-shaped and is for CIP processing of a molded body.
- the rubber mold for CIP is provided with one or more substantially cylindrical holes on at least one or more surfaces. If the diameter of the opening of the hole is a and the maximum depth of the hole is b, a/b ⁇ 2.0 is satisfied.
- FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing a state in which two rubber molds for CIP shown in FIG. 5 are laminated;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a side cross section showing a state in which two CIP rubber molds shown in FIG. 8 are laminated;
- the CIP rubber mold according to the embodiment is characterized in that at least one or more surfaces are provided with one or more substantially cylindrical holes.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first example of the CIP rubber mold according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a perspective view
- FIG. 5B is a top view.
- FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state in which two CIP rubber molds according to the first example of the embodiment are laminated.
- reference numeral 5 denotes a molded article to be subjected to CIP treatment (hereinafter simply referred to as "molded article") before CIP treatment
- reference numeral 8 indicates a rubber mold for CIP (hereinafter simply referred to as "rubber mold").
- reference numeral 9 denotes a substantially cylindrical hole (hereinafter simply referred to as a “hole”), reference P denotes a groove (engagement recess), and reference Q denotes a projection (engagement projection). ), Reference numeral 81 denotes an upper rubber mold as an example of the rubber mold 8, and reference numeral 82 denotes a lower rubber mold as an example of the rubber mold 8. Further, the molded body obtained by the CIP treatment on the molded body 5 is not limited to a spherical shape, and may be a columnar shape (roller).
- the molded body obtained by CIP processing may be obtained by CIP processing on the molded body 5 obtained by mold molding, rolling granulation, or the like, or may be obtained only by CIP processing after filling powder. It may be molded with.
- the fact that the molded body 5 may be obtained by die molding or rolling granulation means that the molded body 5 may or may not have the belt-shaped portion 7 .
- the molded body 5 may or may not have a band-like portion 7 as shown in FIG.
- the rubber mold 8 the shape of one or more holes provided in the bottom surface is taken into consideration.
- the shape of the side surface of the rubber mold 8 is not particularly limited. Therefore, the side surface of the rubber mold 8 may be provided with no concave portion or the like, or the side surface may be provided with a concave portion or a convex portion for marking.
- the concave portion is provided on the side surface of the rubber mold 8
- the concave portion is too large, the substantially cylindrical hole portion 9 and the concave portion may become too close to each other, resulting in insufficient strength.
- it is preferable that the convex portion is not too large. This is because if the convex portion is too large, the number of moldings 5 that can be processed by the rubber mold 8 at one time may be reduced.
- the space that is formed when the upper rubber mold 81 and the lower rubber mold 82 are engaged and includes the substantially cylindrical hole portion 9 into which the molded body can be inserted is not spherical but substantially cylindrical. be.
- the rubber mold 8 has one or more substantially cylindrical holes 9 in one or more of the two opposing bottom surfaces.
- Symbol a in FIG. 6 indicates the diameter of the opening of the hole 9 . If the hole 9 is a regular cylinder, the diameter of the opening is one. (eg maximum diameter). Therefore, for example, when the shape close to a perfect circle is an ellipse, the symbol a is the major axis diameter.
- Symbol b is the maximum depth of the hole 9 .
- Symbol c is the horizontal distance (distance in the direction orthogonal to the depth direction) between adjacent holes 9 on the same rubber mold 8 .
- the horizontal distance c is the average value of the side-to-side distances between the hole 9 and the hole adjacent to the hole 9 when the rubber mold 8 has a plurality of holes 9 . Therefore, for example, when there are three first to third holes 9, this average value is the distance between the first hole 9 and the second hole 9 and the distance between the second hole 9 and the distance between the third hole 9 and the distance between the third hole 9 and the first hole 9 .
- Symbol d is the vertical distance (distance in the depth direction) between the holes 9 when the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 are overlapped. The vertical distance d is the average value between the bottom surface of the hole 9 of the upper rubber mold 81 and the opening of the hole 9 of the lower rubber mold 82 when the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 are superimposed. .
- the rubber mold 8 is for use in CIP processing.
- CIP treatment includes what is called WET-CIP and what is called DRY-CIP.
- WET-CIP the powder or molded product is sealed directly with a bag or the like that has low deformation resistance and a certain level of strength.
- DRY-CIP is a method of applying liquid pressure while avoiding contact with the liquid.
- DRY-CIP is performed through a rubber mold, and is a pressurization method in which a support (such as a table) is provided below the rubber mold 8 . Since these pressurization is by hydraulic pressure, molding by isotropic pressure without directionality is possible. Since the pressure is isotropic, non-uniform density distribution in the compact 5 can be suppressed.
- CIP is also called cold isostatic pressing or rubber pressing. Among them, the rubber mold 8 in particular produces better results when DRY-CIP is employed.
- the rubber mold 8 has one or more holes 9 on one of the opposing bottom surfaces.
- the hole 9 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the molded body 5 has a spherical portion 6 and a strip portion 7 as shown in FIG.
- the molded body 5 may be a spherical spherical portion 6 without the strip portion 7 .
- the hole portion 9 has a size that can completely accommodate the entire molded body 5 .
- the position of the hole portion 9 of the rubber mold 8 will be described. More preferably, a plurality of holes 9 are provided on one of the two opposing bottom surfaces.
- the diameter a of the opening to the maximum depth b is given by the following: It is preferable to satisfy formula (1). a/b ⁇ 2.0 (1) When the ratio "a/b" is within the range of the above formula (1), it is possible to provide a gap between the rubber mold 8 and the molded body 5, and the molded body 5 rubs and twists to the molded body 5. An effect of reducing shear stress can be expected. Further, it is more preferable that the ratio "a/b” satisfies the following formula (2). This is to maintain a high yield of the material for ceramic balls. a/b ⁇ 1.7 (2) More preferably, the ratio "a/b” satisfies the following formula (3). This is to maintain a high yield of the material for ceramic balls. 0.4 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 1.6 (3)
- the ratio "a/b” when the ratio "a/b" is as small as less than 2.0, a gap is formed between the molded body 5 and the hole 9, and the upper and lower rubber molds 81, 82 in the CIP processing device It is possible to reduce the concentration of stress during transportation to the In addition, by controlling the ratio "a / b" to be less than 1.7 or 1.6 or less as shown in the above formulas (2) and (3), the yield is improved and the stress concentration is reduced. effect can be increased. On the other hand, if the ratio "a/b" is as small as less than 0.4, in order to maintain the strength per step, the thickness per step is required more than necessary, and the number of compacts 5 that can be processed at one time decreases.
- the ratio "a/b” satisfies the following formula (4). 0.6 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 1.6 (4) More preferably, the ratio "a/b” satisfies the following formula (5). 0.7 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 1.6 (5) As shown in the above formulas (4) and (5), by further controlling the ratio "a/b" to be 0.6 or more or 0.7 or more, in addition to improving the yield, It is also possible to increase the number of molded bodies 5 that can be processed.
- the ratio "a/b” is preferably within the range shown in the following formula (6). Furthermore, it is preferable that the ratio "a/b” is within the range of the following formula (7). This is to maintain a high yield of the material for ceramic balls. 0.7 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 1.3 (6) 0.9 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 1.1 (7)
- the ratio "a/b” is within the range of the above formulas (6) and (7), not only the yield can be improved, but also the isotropy of the pressure applied to the compact 5 can be improved.
- the molded body 5 having a spherical shape (including the molded body 5 with the band-shaped portion 7 shown in FIG. 2) satisfy the above formulas (6) and (7).
- FIG. 7A and 7B show examples of side cross-sectional views in which the vicinity of one hole 9 is enlarged.
- the depth (maximum depth b) of the hole 9 near the center of the bottom surface of the hole 9 is the depth g of the hole 9 near the edge of the bottom surface of the hole 9, the following equation (8)
- FIG. 7A shows a case where the depth g of the hole 9 near the edge of the bottom surface is equal to the maximum depth b.
- the depth of the hole near the edge of the bottom surface is just the depth of the bottom surface. Since the case is not the bottom, it is not considered as the depth here. (b ⁇ g)/b ⁇ 0.1 (8)
- FIG. 7(C) shows a side cross-sectional view in which the vicinity of one hole 9 is enlarged.
- a be the diameter of the opening among the plurality of orthogonal planes present in the depth direction
- h be the maximum diameter among the planes parallel to the plurality of openings present in the depth direction.
- the diameter a of the opening to the maximum diameter h is preferably within the range of the following formula (9).
- the size of the hole 9 is emphasized in order to make it easier to understand the relationship between the diameter a of the opening and the maximum diameter h.
- the relationship between the diameter a of the opening and the maximum diameter h is not limited to the state shown in FIG. 0.9 ⁇ a/h ⁇ 1.0 (9)
- the maximum diameter a ratio “a/i” to the minimum diameter i at the opening of the hole 9 shown in FIG.
- the range is preferably within the range of the following formula (10).
- FIG. 5(B) (similarly to FIG.
- the shape of the opening of the hole 9 is expressed by greatly expressing the difference between the maximum diameter a and the minimum diameter i for convenience.
- the case where the shape of the opening of the hole is elliptical will be described as an example.
- a is the major axis diameter
- i is the minor axis diameter.
- a/i ⁇ 2 (10) A shape of the hole portion 9 having a depth and a diameter that satisfy the above formula (8) is called a substantially cylindrical shape. Moreover, it is more preferable that the above formulas (9) and (10) are also satisfied.
- the diameter a and the maximum depth b of the opening of the hole 9 are sized to accommodate the molded body 5 .
- the pressure applied to the compact 5 can be made isotropic.
- the rubber mold 8 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the molding 5 is not placed in the space where the upper and lower rubber molds 181 and 182 having the hemispherical holes 19 are overlapped. Damage to the molding 5 due to displacement of the upper and lower rubber molds 181 and 182 can be prevented.
- the rubber mold 8 has one or more holes 9 .
- the hole 9 is a place where the molded body 5 is inserted. By having a plurality of holes 9 in the rubber mold 8, the number of pieces that can be processed in one CIP process can be increased.
- the rubber mold 8 preferably has at least one engaging portion (a set of an engaging concave portion P and an engaging convex portion Q) for preventing surface deviation. More preferably, the engaging portions P and Q are substantially point-symmetrical with respect to the center S of the bottom surface of the rubber mold 8 and are provided continuously or intermittently along a circle (or polygon) around the center S. In this way, if the upper rubber mold 81 is symmetrical with respect to the center S, the upper rubber mold 81 can be fitted into the lower rubber mold 82 regardless of its orientation even if the engaging portions P and Q are provided at a plurality of locations. It becomes easier to engage the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 .
- the engaging portions P and Q are located closer to the edge T than the middle line U between the center S of the bottom surface of the rubber mold 8 and the edge T of the bottom surface (hereinafter referred to as the "edge vicinity portion"). ) at one or more locations. If the engaging portions P and Q of the bottom surface are close to the edge T, the space of the engaging concave portion P occupies a larger area than the engaging convex portion Q on the same plane as the surface on which the hole portion 9 is provided. can suppress the influence of Therefore, if the engaging portions P and Q are provided at the positions described above, the control of the sizes of the engaging portions P and Q is less likely to be affected by slight errors. Further, as shown in FIGS.
- the engagement portions P and Q are provided along the edge T of the portion near the edge of the bottom surface.
- the engaging portions P and Q are also arranged circularly, and if the bottom surface is polygonal, the engaging portions P and Q are also arranged polygonally.
- the engaging concave portion P and the engaging convex portion Q have the effect of preventing the upper rubber mold 81 from being misaligned when the upper rubber mold 81 is superimposed on the lower rubber mold 82 .
- the engagement portions P and Q are assumed to be formed within a range of 50[%] or more and 100[%] or less of the length of the circumference of the edge T of the rubber mold 8.
- the position where the engaging concave portion P is provided is 100% of the length of the edge T of the rubber mold 8, and the engaging convex portion Q is 50% of the length of the circumference of the edge T of the rubber mold 8. It may be the case that That is, the lengths of the engagement recess P and the engagement protrusion Q (ratio to the length of the edge T) may be the same or different. Therefore, the engaging projection Q may be long, but if the engaging projection Q is too long, it may not be possible to engage. Therefore, if the engaging projection Q is longer, it is preferable that the difference is small (within the margin of error). Moreover, when they are different, it is more preferable that the engagement protrusion Q is shorter than the engagement recess P.
- the engagement recess P may be provided on one bottom surface of the rubber mold 8 and the engagement projection Q may be provided on the other bottom surface, or the engagement recess P and the engagement projection may be provided on one bottom surface of the rubber mold 8.
- Q may be alternately provided, and the engaging recesses P and the engaging protrusions Q may be alternately provided on the other bottom surface.
- the engaging portions P and Q may be provided continuously or intermittently, but it is more preferable that there is little deviation in the portions provided near the edge of the bottom surface. As described above, if the deviation is small, the effect of providing the engaging portions P and Q is likely to be obtained. On the other hand, if the deviation is large, there is a possibility that the engagement portions P and Q may be easily disengaged depending on the direction in which the force is applied.
- the engaging portions P and Q arranged in the vicinity of the edge of the bottom surface of the rubber mold 8 are provided continuously. Positioning of the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 is facilitated by providing the engaging portions P and Q along the entire periphery of the bottom surface of the rubber mold 8 near the edge. It should be noted that the provided engagement portions P and Q preferably have a thickness of 3% or more, more preferably 7% or less, of the diameter of the rubber mold 8 . If the thickness (wall thickness) of the engaging portions P and Q is less than 3% of the diameter of the rubber mold 8, there is a risk that sufficient durability cannot be obtained.
- the thicknesses of the engaging recesses P and the engaging protrusions Q may be different.
- the difference between the thickness of the engaging recess P and the thickness of the engaging recess Q is preferably 0% or more and 3% or less of the diameter of the rubber mold 8, more preferably 0% or more. [%] or less. If there is a difference in thickness, it is more preferable that the engagement recess P is thicker than the engagement protrusion Q. If the thickness difference exceeds 3[%] and is large, there is a possibility that misalignment is likely to occur. Therefore, it is preferable that the thickness difference is small.
- the bottom surface provided with the hole 9 is provided with the engaging recess P and the other bottom surface is provided with the engaging protrusion Q, but the reverse is also possible.
- the engagement protrusion Q may be provided on the bottom surface where the hole 9 is provided
- the engagement recess P may be provided on the other bottom surface.
- a plurality of rubber molds 8 are formed by providing the engaging portions P and Q at 100% of the length of the outer peripheral portion of the bottom surface (the length of the circle when the rubber mold 8 is a disk). It is possible to prevent misalignment when overlapping.
- the engaging portions P and Q need only be provided in the vicinity of the edge of the bottom surface of the rubber mold 8, and are not limited to being provided along the edge T as shown in FIGS. .
- the engagement recess P is arranged at a location away from the edge T so that the length j of the outer peripheral flat portion with respect to the diameter of the rubber mold 8 is 2% or less.
- the flat portion is located away from the edge T so that the length j of the outer peripheral flat portion with respect to the diameter of the rubber mold 8 is 1% or less.
- the length j of the outer peripheral flat portion is within 1 [cm].
- the thickness of the engaging portions P and Q of the rubber mold 8 will be explained.
- the thickness of the engaging portions P and Q is preferably 3% or more and 7% or less of the diameter of the rubber mold 8 . If the thickness of the engaging portions P and Q is as thin as less than 3% of the diameter of the rubber mold 8, the engaging portions P and Q may not have sufficient durability. On the other hand, if the thickness of the engaging portions P and Q exceeds 7% of the diameter of the rubber mold 8 and is too large, the number of holes 9 decreases, so that the molded body 5 that can be CIP-processed per time is reduced. There is a possibility that the number of pieces will decrease and the mass productivity will drop. Moreover, it is preferable that the difference between the thickness of the engaging portions P and Q is small between the thinnest portion and the thickest portion.
- the volume V1 occupied by the space of the engagement recess P may be larger or smaller than the volume V2 occupied by the engagement protrusion Q, but it is more preferable that the difference between these volumes is not too large.
- the volume V 2 occupied by the engagement protrusion Q with respect to the volume V 1 occupied by the space of the engagement recess P (ratio “V 2 /V 1 ”) satisfies the following equation (11). More preferably, the following formula (12) is satisfied. 0.4 ⁇ V 2 /V 1 ⁇ 1.3 (11) 0.45 ⁇ V 2 /V 1 ⁇ 1.00 (12)
- the depth of the engaging portions P and Q of the rubber mold 8 will be explained.
- the engaging concave portion P has a depth e of 1.5 [mm] or more
- the engaging convex portion Q has a height f of 1.5 [mm] or more. That is, it is preferable that the depth e of the engaging recess P and the height f of the engaging protrusion Q satisfy the following equations (13) and (14). e ⁇ 1.5 [mm] (13) f ⁇ 1.5 [mm] (14)
- the bottom surface of the rubber mold 8 does not have a concave portion with a depth of 1.5 [mm] or more and a convex portion with a height of 1.5 [mm] or more other than the engaging portions P and Q.
- the engaging concave portion P and the engaging convex portion Q for positioning when the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 are overlapped are not formed outside the outer peripheral portion.
- positioning when the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 are superimposed is performed by fitting the engaging concave portion P of the lower rubber mold 82 and the engaging convex portion Q of the upper rubber mold 81 together. Since no recesses or projections are provided except for the outer peripheral portion of the bottom surface, a space for providing a large number of holes 9 can be secured on the bottom surface.
- the hole 9 for inserting the molded body 5 is not counted as the engaging recess P.
- the molding 5 may not be put into some of the holes 9 .
- the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 are placed on top of each other, the engaging concave portion P of the upper rubber mold 81 and the engaging convex portion Q of the lower rubber mold 82 are fitted. Therefore, the hole 9 and the engaging recess P can be distinguished.
- a recess having a depth of less than 1.5 [mm] or a protrusion having a height of less than 1.5 [mm] may exist.
- the weight of the rubber mold 8 can be reduced.
- a concave portion having a depth of less than 1.5 [mm] and a height of less than 1.5 [mm] It is more preferable that there are no protrusions.
- the diameter a and the maximum depth b of the hole 9 are defined respectively.
- the diameter a is the diameter of the opening of the hole 9 (maximum diameter if the opening is not a perfect circle).
- the maximum depth b of the hole 9 is the maximum depth among the depths of the hole 9 .
- the hole 9 may have a right-angled boundary between the side surface and the bottom surface (see FIG. 7A), but the boundary between the side surface and the bottom surface may be chamfered (see FIG. 7A). (B)), the depth g of the hole 9 at the edge may be shallower than the depth b of the hole 9 at the center of the bottom surface of the hole 9 .
- the diameter a of the opening of the hole 9 with respect to the maximum dimension L of the molded body 5 is preferably within the range of 1.01 or more and 1.82 or less.
- the maximum depth b (ratio “b/L”) with respect to the dimension L is preferably in the range of 1.01 or more and 1.82 or less. That is, it is preferable that the ratio "a/L” and the ratio "b/L” are within the ranges of the following formulas (15) and (16) respectively.
- the hole 9 becomes too large. If the hole portion 9 is enlarged, there is a possibility that a torsional shear force will be applied to the molding 5 by the rubber mold 8 .
- the torsional shearing force is stress that rebounds when the rubber mold 8 is twisted so that it does not twist. If the torsional shear force increases, isotropic pressure may not be applied to the compact 5 .
- the range of the ratio "a / L” shown in the above formula (15) is more preferably in the range of 1.03 or more and 1.35 or less, and the ratio "b / L” shown in the above formula (16) is more preferably in the range of 1.03 to 1.35. That is, the range of the ratio "a/L” is more preferably within the range of the following formula (17), and the range of the ratio "b/L” is within the range of the following formula (18) is more preferred. 1.03 ⁇ a/L ⁇ 1.35 (17) 1.03 ⁇ b/L ⁇ 1.35 (18) When the ratio (a/L) and the ratio (b/L) are within the ranges of the above formulas (17) and (18), isotropic water pressure can be applied to the compact 5 . It is possible to reduce the voids in the molded body 5 and prevent uneven density.
- the shape measurement shall be made using an optical three-dimensional shape measuring device.
- VR-5000 manufactured by KEYENCE is used as a three-dimensional shape measuring device, and analysis software of the same device is used. Any measuring device may be used as long as it has a function equivalent to this.
- Any measuring device may be used as long as it has a function equivalent to this.
- a and b be the average values of the plurality of diameters and the plurality of maximum depths corresponding to the plurality of holes 9, respectively.
- the horizontal distance c of the holes 9 is also measured by measuring the horizontal contact distance between each hole 9 and the nearest hole 9, corresponding to the plurality of holes 9. Let c be the average value of a plurality of horizontal distances.
- the vertical distance d between the holes 9 when the rubber molds 8 are superimposed shall be measured using a cross section passing through the centers of the holes 9 of the rubber molds 8 .
- a method of measuring a cross section using the three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus is preferable.
- the vertical distance between each hole 9 and the nearest hole 9 is measured, and the average value of the plurality of vertical distances corresponding to the plurality of holes 9 is defined as d.
- a micrometer or a depth meter having a shape that does not change the shape of the rubber mold 8 may be used for measurement.
- the diameter a of the opening, the maximum depth b, the horizontal distance c, and the vertical distance d are average values.
- the ratio "a/b" of 90% or more in terms of the number ratio is given by the above formulas (1) to (7). It is preferable that either one of them is satisfied and the ratio "a/L" or "b/L” satisfies the above formulas (15) and (16) or the above formulas (17) and (18).
- the ratio “a/b” of all of the plurality of holes 9 provided in the rubber mold 8 (100 [%] in number ratio) satisfies any of the above formulas (1) to (7), and the ratio “a /L” or “b/L” more preferably satisfies the above formulas (15) and (16) or the above formulas (17) and (18).
- the diameter a (ratio "a/c") and the maximum depth b (ratio "b/c") of the opening of the hole 9 with respect to the horizontal distance c between the adjacent holes 9 should be 4 or less. is preferred. That is, the ratio "a/c” and the ratio "b/c” are preferably within the ranges of the following formulas (19) and (20). a/c ⁇ 4 (19) b/c ⁇ 4 (20) That the ratio "a/c” and the ratio "b/c” are within the ranges of the above formulas (19) and (20) means that the horizontal distance to the diameter a of the openings of the adjacent holes 9 It shows that c is taken sufficiently. Similarly, it shows that the horizontal distance c is sufficiently taken with respect to the maximum depth b.
- ratio "a/c” and the ratio "b/c" exceed 4 indicates that the distance between adjacent holes 9 is short. If the adjacent holes 9 are close to each other, the rubber mold 8 may not be sufficiently deformed. If the deformation of the rubber mold 8 is insufficient, the isotropy of the pressure applied to the molded body 5 may be lost and the density may not be uniform.
- the lower limits of the ratio "a/c” and the ratio “b/c” are not particularly limited, and may be within the ranges of the above formulas (19) and (20).
- the range of the ratio "a/c” shown in the above formula (19) is more preferably 0.1 or more and 4.0 or less, and the range of the ratio "b/c” shown in the above formula (20) is more preferably 0.1 or more and 4.0 or less. That is, the range of the ratio "a/c” is more preferably within the range of the following formula (21), and the range of the ratio "b/c” is within the range of the following formula (22) is more preferred.
- both the ratio "a/c” and the ratio "b/c” are more preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more. If the ratio “a/c” and the ratio “b/c” are too small, such as less than 0.1, the number of holes 9 provided per stage may decrease. Therefore, it is preferable that the ratio is controlled to 0.2 or more or 0.3 or more.
- the vertical distance d to the horizontal distance c is 0.9 or more. That is, it is preferable that the ratio "d/c” is within the range of the following formula (23). 0.9 ⁇ d/c (23) When the ratio "d/c" satisfies the range of the above formula (23), isotropic pressure can be applied to the compact 5 when the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 are overlapped and subjected to CIP. When the ratio "d/c" is less than 0.9, the vertical distance d is smaller than the horizontal distance c.
- the ratio "d/c” is not particularly limited, it is more preferably 200 or less. That is, it is more preferable that the range of the ratio "d/c” is within the range of the following formula (24). 0.9 ⁇ d/c ⁇ 200 (24) Also, the ratio "d/c" is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 50 or less.
- the rubber mold 8 preferably has a plate shape, for example, a substantially regular disk shape.
- substantially regular disk shape means a regular circular columnar shape or an elliptical columnar shape in which the height between two opposing bottom surfaces is relatively low.
- the plate-like rubber mold 8 is not limited to a disc shape, and may be polygonal or the like. When the rubber mold 8 has a polygonal shape, it is preferably pentagon or larger. Further, as described above, the rubber mold 8 is provided with the engaging portions P and Q on the outer peripheral portion. If the rubber mold 8 is disk-shaped, it is easy to perform alignment when a plurality of rubber molds 8 are stacked one on top of the other.
- the upper and lower rubber molds 81 and 82 are easy to stack because there is no directivity.
- the number of laminations of the rubber mold 8 is not particularly limited, it is preferably 100 or less. If the number of laminated layers is too large, there is a possibility that the laminated rubber molds 8 may collapse during transportation to or removal from the CIP processing apparatus. Moreover, even if the structure does not collapse, there is a possibility that the speed of deterioration of the engaging portions P and Q may be accelerated due to lateral shaking or the like that occurs during transportation. Therefore, the more preferable number of stages is 2 or more and 40 or less. More preferably, the number of steps is 2 or more and 25 or less. Considering the mass productivity, it is more preferable that the number of stages is 3 or more and 20 or less.
- the height of the plurality of rubber molds 8 has little error.
- the error is preferably 10% or less. This is because if there is a large error in the heights of the plurality of rubber molds 8, they may easily collapse during transportation.
- the area of the laminated surface of the plurality of rubber molds 8 has little error. This is because if there is a large error in the areas of the laminated surfaces of the plurality of rubber molds 8, it may become difficult to uniformly apply pressure during the CIP process.
- concave portions, convex portions, or the like may be provided on the side surface or the lower bottom surface (the surface on which no holes are provided) of the rubber mold 8 for the purpose of marking, weight reduction, or the like.
- the shape of the side surface and the lower bottom surface of the rubber mold 8 is not particularly limited.
- the Shore hardness Hs of the rubber of the rubber mold 8 is preferably within the range of 30 or more and 50 or less. As described above, an isotropic pressure is applied to the rubber mold 8 containing the molding 5 . When the Shore hardness Hs is within the range of 30 or more and 50 or less, the deformation amount can be made uniform. For this reason, it is possible to provide a deformability that allows uniform contact between the surface of the molded body and the rubber mold. Also, the durability of the rubber mold is good.
- the Shore hardness Hs shall be measured according to JIS-Z-2246 (2000).
- the molded body 5 may have a spherical shape, a columnar shape, a plate shape, and the like. Among these, it is preferable that the molded body 5 has a spherical shape as shown in FIG.
- the spherical shape has a spherical portion 6 and a strip portion 7 .
- isotropic pressure can be applied to the compact 5 by controlling the diameter a of the opening, the maximum depth b, the horizontal distance c, and the vertical distance d.
- the ball shape makes it easier to obtain the effect of isotropic pressure.
- the maximum dimension L of the molded body 5 according to the above formula (15) or (17) is set using the formula (16) or (18), and the maximum depth b is set according to the maximum dimension L of the molded body 5 according to the above equation (16) or (18).
- the horizontal distance c is set according to the set diameter a and maximum depth b of the opening according to the above equations (19) and (20) or the above equations (21) and (22).
- the vertical distance d is set according to the set horizontal distance c.
- the molded body 5 preferably contains at least one of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, and aluminum nitride as a main component (50 [mass %] or more). It is more preferable to contain 85 [mass %] or more of any one or more of silicon nitride, boron nitride, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, and aluminum nitride. In addition, the molded body 5 preferably contains 85 [mass %] or more of silicon nitride. After the CIP, the compact 5 becomes a ceramic sintered body through a sintering process.
- the ceramic sintered body will also be ball-shaped.
- Ball-shaped ceramic sintered bodies are used as bearing balls.
- the aforementioned materials are used for the ceramic bearing balls.
- silicon nitride sintered bodies have excellent wear resistance and are effective as bearing balls.
- the fact that the molded body 5 contains 85 [mass %] or more of any one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, and aluminum nitride means that the obtained ceramics firing
- the body also contains 85 [mass %] or more of one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, and aluminum nitride.
- a sintering aid may be contained in an amount of 15% by mass or less.
- the fact that the molded body 5 contains 85 [mass %] or more of any one of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, and zirconium oxide means that the obtained ceramic sintered body also contains aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, and zirconium oxide. It means that 85 [mass %] or more of any one of boron and zirconium oxide is contained. In addition to these main components, a sintering aid may be contained in an amount of 15% by mass or less.
- an aluminum oxide sintered body or a zirconium oxide sintered body has a Vickers hardness of about 1200 or more and 1700 or less.
- the toughness value is as low as about 3 [MPa ⁇ m 1/2 ] to 6 [MPa ⁇ m 1/2 ].
- the silicon nitride sintered body has a Vickers hardness as high as about 1400 or more and 1800 or less.
- the toughness value is as high as about 5 [MPa ⁇ m 1/2 ] or more and 10 [MPa ⁇ m 1/2 ] or less.
- a silicon nitride sintered body has both a high toughness value and a Vickers hardness, and is therefore excellent in wear resistance.
- the silicon nitride sintered body has a structure mainly composed of ⁇ -type silicon nitride crystal grains.
- the ⁇ -type silicon nitride crystal grains have an elongated shape, and the long and narrow crystal grains are intricately entangled to achieve a high toughness value.
- a spherical ceramic sintered body after the sintering process is called a ceramic ball material.
- the ceramic ball material is a sphere with band-like portions resulting from the band-like portions 7 (shown in FIG. 2) of the compact 5 .
- a sphere made by polishing ceramic ball material is called a bearing ball.
- the rubber mold 8 is suitable for applying isotropic pressure to the molded body 5.
- it is suitable for subjecting the compact 5 to CIP treatment.
- the diameter of the bearing ball is various in the range of 1 [mm] or more and 50 [mm] or less.
- the rubber mold 8 can be applied to moldings 5 of various sizes.
- the manufacturing method of the material for ceramic balls according to the embodiment is a method using the rubber mold 8 described above.
- a method for manufacturing a material for ceramic balls includes a step of CIP-processing the ceramic molded body using a rubber mold 8, and a step of sintering the CIP-processed molded body. It is characterized by having
- the step of CIP-processing the molded body 5 is preferably performed by laminating a plurality of rubber molds 8 .
- the laminated rubber molds 8 preferably have a ratio "d/c" of the vertical distance d to the horizontal distance c within the range of the above formula (23) or (24).
- the manufacturing method of the material for ceramic balls should have the above structure, but the method for improving the yield (number of good products/number of products manufactured) will be explained below.
- the method for adjusting the compact 5 will be explained using silicon nitride.
- silicon nitride When one or more of aluminum oxide, boron nitride, and zirconium oxide is used as the main component (50% by mass or more), silicon nitride should be replaced with silicon nitride.
- uniaxial pressure molding is used as a method for obtaining the molded body 5 in the embodiments of the present invention, the molding method is not limited to this.
- a rolling granulation method may be employed as the molding method.
- uniaxial pressure molding is used as a method for obtaining the molded body 5 in the embodiments of the present invention, the molding method is not limited to this. Therefore, for example, it may be a compact obtained by a tumbling granulation method.
- sintering aids are added to silicon nitride as a raw material, mixed and pulverized, and granulated with a spray dryer. Through this process, a granulated powder of the raw material powder was prepared. Moreover, when the total of the silicon nitride powder and the sintering aid powder is 100 [mass %], the silicon nitride powder is preferably 85 [mass %] or more.
- the additive is a plasticizer or the like. Solvents are water or organic solvents. Organic solvents include alcohols, ketones, benzene, and the like. Also, the binder is an organic substance.
- the amount of the binder to be added is preferably 3 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less when the total of the silicon nitride powder and the sintering aid powder is 100 parts by mass.
- the binder amount it is possible to adjust the shape retention force and density uniformity of the compact during uniaxial pressure molding and CIP.
- the silicon nitride powder and the sintering aid powder can be uniformly mixed.
- Uniaxial pressure molding includes a mold molding method using an upper mold 1 and a lower mold 2 shown in FIG.
- the shape of the molded product can be adjusted by the shape of the mold.
- a spherical compact 5 can be obtained by making the insides of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 hemispherical. Further, by making the insides of the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 2 substantially cylindrical, it is possible to obtain a roller-shaped (substantially cylindrical) molded body.
- the molded body 5 obtained by uniaxial pressure molding exhibits a spherical shape (shown in FIG. 2) having a spherical portion 6 and a band-shaped portion 7 or a columnar shape.
- a compact obtained by uniaxial pressure molding is the compact 5 to be CIP.
- a step of CIP-processing the compact 5 is performed.
- a rubber mold 8 is used when performing the CIP process.
- the molding 5 is put into the hole 9 of the rubber mold 8 .
- the number of processed moldings 5 can be increased.
- the molded body 5 has the spherical portion 6 and the band-shaped portion 7, it is preferable to fill the hole portion 9 so that the band-shaped portion 7 of the molded body 5 faces the depth direction of the hole portion 9.
- the ratio "a/L” is within the range of the above formula (15) and the ratio "b/L” is within the range of the above formula (16)
- the direction of the band-shaped portion 7 is arbitrary.
- the rubber mold 8 is a rubber mold suitable for the CIP treatment of the molded body 5 having the belt-shaped portion 7 .
- the molded body 5 is molded using granulated powder.
- isotropic pressure is applied to the compact 5 by the CIP treatment, the granulated powder is crushed and density variation can be suppressed.
- the silicon nitride powder and the sintering aid powder can be uniformly dispersed, and density variations can be suppressed. If the pressure applied to the compact 5 is uneven during the CIP process, the granulated powder will remain without being crushed. The portion that remains without being crushed causes variations in density.
- the pressure for CIP molding is preferably higher than the press pressure for uniaxial pressure molding.
- the conditions for the CIP treatment be within the range of the pressure of 30 [MPa] or more and 300 [MPa] or less.
- the pressure is within this range, it is possible to reduce variations in the density of the molded body after CIP treatment. In particular, it is effective when a rubber mold having a Shore hardness Hs of 30 or more and 50 or less is used. If the CIP pressure is less than 30 MPa, the pressure may be insufficient. Moreover, if the pressure exceeds 300 [MPa] and is high, the durability of the rubber mold 8 may decrease.
- the density variation of the molded body after CIP treatment can be reduced. Therefore, the shrinkage ratio of the compact can be controlled in the sintering step, which will be described later. Improvement of the molded body after CIP processing leads to improvement of the ceramic sintered body.
- the method of manufacturing the ceramic ball material using the rubber mold 8 can improve the rate of occurrence of defects in the molded body after CIP treatment.
- a degreasing step is performed to degreas the compact after CIP treatment.
- the degreasing step is a step of heating to a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of organic components such as a binder to blow off the organic components.
- the degreasing step may be performed in a nitrogen atmosphere or an air atmosphere.
- a degreased body can be obtained by the degreasing step.
- a sintering process is performed to sinter the degreased body.
- the sintering process is preferably performed at 1700[°C] or more and 2000[°C] or less.
- the sintering step is preferably performed in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the sintered body obtained by the sintering process may be subjected to HIP (hot isostatic pressing) treatment. Through this process, a material for ceramic balls can be obtained.
- the ceramic ball material is a ceramic sintered body with a theoretical density of 98% or more.
- a ceramic ball can be manufactured by polishing the ceramic ball material.
- a typical example of ball polishing is surface plate processing.
- the material for ceramic balls is inserted between surface plates provided in parallel vertically.
- the movement of the polishing surface plate can be used to process the material for ceramic balls into a true sphere.
- the surface roughness of bearing balls is specified in ASFM F2094.
- Bearing balls are graded according to ASTM_F2094, ISO_26602, or JIS_R1669, depending on the application. It is polished to a surface roughness Ra according to its grade. As the grade increases, some are mirror-finished so that the surface roughness Ra is 0.01 [ ⁇ m] or less.
- Example 1 (Examples 1 to 14, Comparative Examples 1 to 3) A sintering aid, an additive, a solvent, a binder, and the like were added to ceramic powder as a raw material, mixed and pulverized, and granulated with a spray dryer.
- the molded bodies 5 of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are aluminum oxide molded bodies
- the molded bodies 5 of Examples 2 to 3, 5 to 9, 12 to 14 and Comparative Example 3 is a silicon nitride molded body
- the molded bodies of Examples 4, 10 to 11 and Comparative Example 2 are zirconium oxide molded bodies.
- the aluminum oxide molded bodies of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 contained 85 [mass %] or more of aluminum oxide.
- the silicon nitride compacts of Examples 2 to 3, 5 to 9, 12 to 14 and Comparative Example 3 contained 85% by mass or more of silicon nitride.
- the zirconium oxide molded bodies of Examples 4, 10 to 11 and Comparative Example 2 contained 85 [mass %] or more of zirconium oxide.
- the amount of the binder added is 3 to 20 parts by mass.
- press molding was performed using the granulated powder.
- Press molding is performed by molding using upper and lower molds in the press molding apparatus shown in FIG.
- Press molding using upper and lower molds is uniaxial pressure molding.
- the mold is for making a spherical compact.
- a compact 5 to be subjected to CIP was produced.
- the molded body 5 has a spherical portion 6 and a strip portion 7, as shown in FIG.
- a rubber mold 8 having a Shore hardness Hs of 30 or more and 50 or less was used for the CIP treatment.
- a plurality of holes 9 are provided in one bottom surface of the rubber mold 8 .
- the diameter a and the maximum depth b of the opening of the hole 9 with respect to the maximum dimension L of the molded body 5 are within the range of the above formula (15) or (16) in relation to the maximum dimension L of the molded body 5 respectively. bottom.
- the hole 9 of the rubber mold 8 was filled with the belt-shaped part 7 of the molded body 5 so that it was vertical. A plurality of rubber molds 8 are laminated.
- the compact 5 was subjected to CIP treatment.
- the pressure of CIP was within the range of 30 [MPa] to 300 [MPa], and a hydrostatic pressure higher than the pressure of uniaxial pressure molding was applied. Through this step, a molded article after CIP treatment was produced.
- a degreasing step was performed on the compact after CIP treatment.
- a sintering process was performed.
- the sintering process was performed at 1800[° C.] in a nitrogen atmosphere at atmospheric pressure.
- HIP treatment was performed at a temperature of 1700 [° C.] to 1900 [° C.] and a pressure of 50 [MPa] to 200 [MPa] in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were produced by appropriately changing the shape of the rubber mold used for the CIP treatment after the press molding process from that of the rubber mold 8 .
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the rubber molds 8 of Examples 1-14 and the characteristics of the rubber molds of Comparative Examples 1-2.
- the column of "hole shape” in Table 1 will be explained.
- a substantially cylindrical rubber mold that satisfies any one of the above formulas (8) to (10) is referred to as a “column”.
- the above formula (8) is not satisfied and "(b ⁇ g)/b" is greater than 0.1, and the hole before engaging the upper rubber mold with the lower rubber mold is nearly cylindrical.
- a rubber mold whose shape is similar to a sphere after engagement (a shape in which a thin and a punch are superimposed) is described as "the hole is a cylinder (spherical shape after engagement)" (Comparative Examples 1 and 3). do.
- a rubber mold having a substantially hemispherical shape and the entire space after engagement is spherical is described as “hemispherical” (Comparative Example 2).
- the presence/absence of the engaging portion in the edge vicinity portion is described as the presence/absence of the engaging concave portion and the presence/absence of the engaging convex portion.
- the presence or absence of recesses and protrusions other than the engaging recesses and the engaging protrusions refers to the presence or absence of protrusions and protrusions that have a height or depth of 1.5 [mm] or more other than the engaging portions in the vicinity of the edge. It describes the presence or absence of recesses.
- the sintered bodies before polishing were visually inspected. At this time, 10,000 sintered bodies for bearings of 1.34 [mm] were inspected. Also, 1000 sintered bodies for a 5/16 inch bearing were used. As a criterion for defective appearance, defects were defined as having a chip or crack with a width of 0.7 [mm] or more or a depth of 0.5 [mm] or more on the surface.
- Examples 1, 2, 6, 11, 12, 13 and Comparative Example 1 shown in Tables 1 and 2 above are ceramic ball materials for ceramic balls having a thickness of 1.34 [mm] after polishing.
- Examples 3 to 5, 7 to 10, 14 and Comparative Example 2 are ceramic ball materials for 5/16 inch (7.9375 [mm]) ceramic balls. Both can be used as bearing balls.
- the rubber molds according to Examples 1 to 14 that is, those using the rubber mold 8 described above, had a high yield of the ceramic ball material, and the defect rate was judged to be "best" or "good.” Met.
- the rubber molds 8 according to Examples 1 to 14 have the engaging concave portion P and the engaging convex portion Q, a plurality of rubber molds 8 could be laminated and subjected to CIP treatment.
- Example 5 the Shore hardness Hs of the rubber mold 8 is 20, which is out of the preferable range (30 or more and 50 or less), and the value of the ratio "a/b” is out of the most preferable range (the above formula (7)). Therefore, the yield was “good”.
- Examples 11 to 14 although the value of the ratio "a/b” satisfied the above formula (1), it was out of the preferable range (any of the above formulas (2) to (7)), so the yield was " Good.
- Examples 6 to 10 show the Shore hardness Hs of the rubber mold 8, the ratio "a/L or b/L”, the ratio "a/c or b/c", and the ratio "d/c was out of the preferred range, the yield was "good".
- the Shore hardness Hs of the rubber mold 8 the ratio "a/b”, the ratio “a/L or b/L”, the ratio “a/c or b/c”, the ratio Examples 1 to 4, in which "d/c" is within the preferred range described above, had the "best" yield.
- the rubber mold according to Comparative Example 1 has a Shore hardness Hs, a ratio "a/b”, a ratio "a/L or b/L”, and a ratio "a/c or b/ c” and the ratio “d/c” were within the above-mentioned preferable ranges, but the shape of the hole portion did not satisfy the above formula (8) and was not substantially cylindrical, so the yield was “poor”.
- the hole portion 9 has a substantially cylindrical shape and the ratio "a/b" is less than 2.0. It is possible to reduce rubbing and the occurrence of torsional shear stress on the compact. Further, according to the embodiment, by further controlling the coefficients a to d, etc., it is possible to maintain a high yield of the raw material for ceramic balls.
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Abstract
Description
a/b<2.0 …(1)
比「a/b」が上記式(1)の範囲内であるとゴム型8と成形体5との間に空隙を設けることが可能となり、成形体5のこすれと、成形体5へのねじれせん断応力を低減させる効果が期待できる。また、比「a/b」が次の式(2)を満たすことがさらに好ましい。セラミックスボール用素材の歩留まりを高く維持するためである。
a/b<1.7 …(2)
比「a/b」が次の式(3)を満たすことがさらに好ましい。セラミックスボール用素材の歩留まりをより高く維持するためである。
0.4≦a/b≦1.6 …(3)
0.6≦a/b≦1.6 …(4)
さらに好ましくは、比「a/b」が次の式(5)を満たすことである。
0.7≦a/b≦1.6 …(5)
上記式(4),(5)に示すように比「a/b」を0.6以上や0.7以上になるようにさらに制御することで、歩留まり向上の他、ゴム型8で一度に処理できる成形体5の数を増やすこともできる。
0.7≦a/b≦1.3 …(6)
0.9≦a/b≦1.1 …(7)
比「a/b」が上記式(6),(7)の範囲内であると、歩留まり向上の他、成形体5にかかる圧力の等方性を向上させることができる。特に、成形体5が球状(図2に示す帯状部7付きの成形体5を含む)であるものに対しては上記式(6),(7)を満たすことが好ましい。
(b-g)/b≦0.1 …(8)
0.9≦a/h≦1.0 …(9)
また、穴部9が正円柱ではなく開口部に複数の直径を有する場合、図5(B)に示す穴部9の開口部における最小直径iに対する最大直径a(比「a/i」)の範囲は、次の式(10)の範囲内であることが好ましい。なお、図5(B)(図8(B)も同様)において、穴部9の開口部の形状は便宜上、最大直径aと最小直径iとの差を大きく表現している。ここで、穴部の開口部の形状が楕円の場合を例として、説明する。開口部の形状が楕円の場合aは長軸直径であり、iは短軸直径である。
a/i≦2 …(10)
なお、上記式(8)を満たす深さおよび直径をもつ穴部9の形状を、略円柱形状と呼ぶものとする。また、上記式(9)や(10)も満たしていることがより好ましい。
0.4≦V2/V1<1.3 …(11)
0.45≦V2/V1<1.00 …(12)
e≧1.5[mm] …(13)
f≧1.5[mm] …(14)
1.01≦a/L≦1.82 …(15)
1.01≦b/L≦1.82 …(16)
比「a/L」と比「b/L」とがそれぞれ上記式(15),(16)の範囲内であると、ゴム型8によるこすれやねじれせん断応力を抑制した状態での等方水圧を掛けることができる。比「a/L」と比「b/L」とのうちいずれがでも1.01未満であると、穴部9が小さいため、下側ゴム型82に成形体5を入れる際に成形体5が破損する可能性がある。また、最大深さbが上記式(15),(16)の範囲内であると穴部9が成形体5の全体を収容することが可能となり位置合わせがより容易となる。
1.03≦a/L≦1.35 …(17)
1.03≦b/L≦1.35 …(18)
比(a/L)と比(b/L)とがそれぞれ上記式(17),(18)の範囲内であると、成形体5への等方水圧を付与することができる。成形体5中の空隙低減や密度の不均一抑制を行うことができる。
a/c≦4 …(19)
b/c≦4 …(20)
比「a/c」と比「b/c」がそれぞれ上記式(19),(20)の範囲内であることは、隣り合う穴部9の開口部の直径aに対して、水平間距離cを十分取っていることを示している。同様に、最大深さbに対して、水平間距離cを十分取っていることを示している。比「a/c」および比「b/c」が4を超えるということは、隣り合う穴部9同士の距離が近いことを示している。隣り合う穴部9同士の距離が近いと、ゴム型8が十分に変形することができない可能性がある。ゴム型8の変形が不足すると、成形体5にかかる圧力の等方性が崩れ、密度が均一にならない可能性がある。なお、比「a/c」と比「b/c」の下限値は特に限定されるものではなく、上記式(19),(20)の範囲内であればよい。
0.1≦a/c≦4.0 …(21)
0.1≦b/c≦4.0 …(22)
また、比「a/c」と比「b/c」とはともに0.2以上であることがより好ましく、0.3以上であることがさらに好ましい。比「a/c」と比「b/c」が0.1未満と小さすぎると一段あたりに設けられる穴部9の個数が減少してしまう虞がある。そのため、0.2以上や0.3以上とその比が制御されていることが好ましい。
0.9≦d/c …(23)
比「d/c」が上記式(23)の範囲を満たすと上下のゴム型81,82を重ねてCIP処理する際に、成形体5に等方圧をかけることができる。比「d/c」が0.9より小さいということは、水平間距離cに対して垂直間距離dが小さいことになる。水平間距離cに対して垂直間距離dが小さいと、水平方向と垂直方向で上下のゴム型81,82の変形量に差が大きくなる。水平方向と垂直方向で上下のゴム型81,82の変形量に差が生じると、成形体5にかかる圧力の等方性が崩れる可能性がある。なお、比「d/c」の上限は特に限定されるものではないが、200以下であることがさらに好ましい。つまり、比「d/c」の範囲は、次の式(24)の範囲であることがさらに好ましい。
0.9≦d/c≦200 …(24)
また、比「d/c」は100以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは50以下となるようにすることである。前述のように制御することで一段あたりの厚みを制御し、単位体積当たりのCIP処理個数を増加させることができ、効率的にCIP処理することが可能となる。
(実施例1~14、比較例1~3)
原料となるセラミック粉末に焼結助剤、添加剤、溶剤、およびバインダ等を加え混合、解砕し、スプレードライヤーにて造粒を行った。表1に示すように、実施例1と比較例1との成形体5は酸化アルミニウム成形体であり、実施例2~3,5~9,12~14と、比較例3との成形体5は窒化珪素成形体であり、実施例4,10~11と、比較例2との成形体は酸化ジルコニウム成形体である。また、実施例1と比較例1との酸化アルミニウム成形体は酸化アルミニウムを85[質量%]以上含有したものである。実施例2~3,5~9,12~14と、比較例3との窒化珪素成形体は窒化珪素を85[質量%]以上含有したものである。実施例4,10~11と比較例2との酸化ジルコニウム成形体は、酸化ジルコニウムを85[質量%]以上含有したものである。それぞれ主成分と焼結助剤の合計を100質量部としたとき、バインダの添加量を3~20質量部とした。
Claims (19)
- 成形体を冷間等方圧成形処理するための板状の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型であって、
少なくとも1つ以上の底面に1個以上の略円柱状の穴部が設けられ、
前記穴部の開口部の直径をaとし、前記穴部の最大深さをbとすると、
a/b<2.0
を満たす、
ことを特徴とする冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記穴部の底面の縁付近における前記穴部の深さをgとすると、
(b-g)/b≦0.1
を満たす、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 1箇所以上の係合部を有する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項2のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記係合部は、前記冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型の底面の中心と前記底面の縁との中間線よりも前記縁に近い箇所に1箇所以上備えられる、
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記穴部の前記最大深さに対する前記直径の比が0.7以上1.3以下の範囲内である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記成形体の最大寸法に対する前記穴部の前記直径および前記最大深さの比が共に、1.01以上1.82以下の範囲内である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記成形体の最大寸法に対する前記穴部の前記直径および前記最大深さの比が共に、1.03以上1.35以下の範囲内である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記穴部の前記最大深さに対する前記穴部の前記直径の比が0.9以上1.1以下の範囲内である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記穴部を複数有し、前記複数の穴部のそれぞれの前記直径および前記最大深さが、前記複数の穴部のうち隣り合う穴部の水平間距離に対し、4以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 面はずれ防止用の係合凹部と係合凸部とを有し、
前記係合凹部と前記係合凸部以外に深さ1.5[mm]以上の凹部と高さ1.5[mm]以上の凸部が存在しない、
ことを特徴とする特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型のゴムの硬さがショア硬さ30以上50以下の範囲内である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型が略正円板状である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 前記穴部は前記成形体の全体を収容することができるサイズを有する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型。 - 請求項1ないし請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の前記冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型を用いて、前記成形体としての球状のセラミックス成形体を冷間等方圧成形する成形工程と、
前記成形工程による成形後の成形体を焼結してセラミックスボール用素材を得る焼結工程と、
を有することを特徴とするセラミックスボール用素材の製造方法。 - 前記セラミックス成形体が、酸化アルミニウムと、窒化珪素と、窒化ホウ素と、酸化ジルコニウムとのいずれか1種以上を85[質量%]以上含有する、
ことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のセラミックスボール用素材の製造方法。 - 前記セラミックス成形体が、窒化珪素を85[質量%]以上含有する、
ことを特徴とする請求項14ないし請求項15のいずれか1項に記載のセラミックスボール用素材の製造方法。 - 前記成形工程は、複数の前記冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型を積層して行う、
ことを特徴とする請求項14ないし請求項16のいずれか1項に記載のセラミックスボール用素材の製造方法。 - 積層された複数の前記冷間等方圧成形用ゴム型はそれぞれ、前記穴部の水平間距離に対する前記穴部の垂直間距離が0.9以上である、
ことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のセラミックスボール用素材の製造方法。 - 請求項14ないし請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の前記セラミックスボール用素材の製造方法により得られた前記セラミックスボール用素材を研磨加工する研磨工程、
を有することを特徴とするセラミックボールの製造方法。
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CN202280050744.7A CN117677485A (zh) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | 冷等静压成形用橡胶模具、陶瓷球用原材料的制造方法及陶瓷球的制造方法 |
JP2023536793A JPWO2023003040A1 (ja) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | |
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JP2002036216A (ja) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-02-05 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | セラミックボール、ボールベアリング、ベアリング付きモータ、ハードディスク装置、ポリゴンスキャナ及びセラミックボールの製造方法 |
JP4761613B2 (ja) | 1999-09-30 | 2011-08-31 | 株式会社東芝 | セラミックスボールの製造方法 |
JP2011251336A (ja) * | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-15 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 冷間等方圧加圧装置用のゴム型 |
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2022
- 2022-07-21 EP EP22845973.1A patent/EP4375057A1/en active Pending
- 2022-07-21 CN CN202280050744.7A patent/CN117677485A/zh active Pending
- 2022-07-21 JP JP2023536793A patent/JPWO2023003040A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-07-21 WO PCT/JP2022/028373 patent/WO2023003040A1/ja active Application Filing
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- 2024-01-19 US US18/417,809 patent/US20240149546A1/en active Pending
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JPS463666Y1 (ja) * | 1966-09-09 | 1971-02-08 | ||
JPS5563712U (ja) * | 1978-10-24 | 1980-05-01 | ||
JPS6018620A (ja) | 1984-04-27 | 1985-01-30 | Toray Ind Inc | ベアリング用ボ−ル |
JPS6316598U (ja) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-02-03 | ||
JP2764589B2 (ja) | 1988-11-21 | 1998-06-11 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | ベアリング用窒化珪素基焼結体 |
JPH05124020A (ja) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-21 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | 成形型枠 |
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JP2011251336A (ja) * | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-15 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 冷間等方圧加圧装置用のゴム型 |
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JPWO2023003040A1 (ja) | 2023-01-26 |
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