WO2023001274A1 - Appareil d'extrusion de pastilles de matière plastique et dispositif d'impression 3d - Google Patents

Appareil d'extrusion de pastilles de matière plastique et dispositif d'impression 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023001274A1
WO2023001274A1 PCT/CN2022/107342 CN2022107342W WO2023001274A1 WO 2023001274 A1 WO2023001274 A1 WO 2023001274A1 CN 2022107342 W CN2022107342 W CN 2022107342W WO 2023001274 A1 WO2023001274 A1 WO 2023001274A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
extrusion
port
extruding
plastic
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PCT/CN2022/107342
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
敖丹军
龙井
陈明亚
黄显彬
吴俊坤
Original Assignee
深圳市创想三维科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023001274A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023001274A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68—Barrels or cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/82—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of rapid prototyping, in particular to a plastic particle extrusion device and 3D printing equipment.
  • 3D printing technology is a kind of rapid prototyping technology, also known as additive manufacturing, which is a technology that constructs objects by printing layer by layer based on digital model files.
  • a plastic pellet extruding device is provided.
  • the present application provides a plastic particle extrusion device, including an extrusion mechanism, a nozzle and a diverter block; the extrusion mechanism has an extrusion port; the nozzle is connected to the extrusion port; the The diverter block is installed between the extrusion port and the feed port of the nozzle.
  • the diverter block has a plurality of flow holes arranged at intervals and penetrating along the thickness direction of the diverter block. The flow holes The two ends of each are communicated with the extrusion port and the feed port of the nozzle respectively.
  • the extrusion mechanism has an extrusion port, and the nozzle is connected to the extrusion port.
  • the holes divide the flow of the material, so that the material enters the nozzle through multiple flow holes, and the pressure is decomposed through the flow holes, so as to relieve the extrusion pressure on one side of the extrusion mechanism, make the pressure distribution in the flow channel more balanced, and reduce the extrusion pressure. Risk of poor extrusion due to eccentricity. Due to the smooth discharge of the nozzle, the extrusion volume is controllable, which can ensure the consistency of the multiple extrusion volumes of the nozzle and the molding effect. In addition, since the material may contain some iron impurities, multiple flow holes can further play a filtering role to prevent impurities from directly entering the nozzle and causing nozzle blockage, which affects the discharge effect.
  • the diverter block is a columnar diverter block, and the axis of the column diverter block coincides with the axis of the nozzle.
  • the plastic particle extruding device further includes a mounting seat connected between the extrusion mechanism and the nozzle, and a mounting seat penetrating in the axial direction of the nozzle is provided on the mounting seat. holes, and the splitter block is embedded in the installation holes.
  • the end of the installation seat facing the extrusion port is protruded with a limit boss, and the limit boss is used to limit the connection of the extrusion mechanism relative to the installation seat. bit.
  • the plastic granule extrusion device further includes a shut-off nozzle assembly;
  • the shut-off nozzle assembly includes a telescopic driver connected to the mounting seat and a blocking rod connected to the telescopic driver , the telescopic driving member drives the blocking rod to move relative to the nozzle, so that the nozzle is in a state of blocking or communicating.
  • the nozzle is in a blocked state, and the driving member drives the blocking rod to descend to block the discharge port of the nozzle toward the end of the extruding mechanism; the nozzle is in a flow-through state, the driving member drives the blocking rod to rise, and the discharge port of the nozzle is conducted.
  • the mounting seat is configured with a long hole penetrating the side wall;
  • the shut-off nozzle assembly further includes a swing arm; the first end of the swing arm is connected to the telescopic drive member, the The second end of the swing arm passes through the long hole and is connected to the blocking rod, and the part of the swing arm extending into the long hole is hinged with the mounting base; the telescopic drive drives the The first end rises or falls, and the second end falls or rises accordingly.
  • the plastic granule extrusion device further includes a hopper and a discharge valve, the hopper is connected to the feed end of the extrusion mechanism; the discharge valve is connected to the outlet close to the hopper feed port;
  • the discharge valve When the discharge valve is in an open state, the material in the hopper flows out through the discharge valve; when the discharge valve is in a closed state, the material in the hopper flows to the extrusion mechanism.
  • the feeding end of the extruding mechanism is provided with a cooling element.
  • the present application provides a 3D printing device, including a frame and the above-mentioned plastic particle extruding device installed on the frame.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plastic pellet extruding device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is an explosion schematic diagram of the plastic particle extruding device shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic pellet extrusion device shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a partial schematic view of the plastic pellet extruding device shown in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of the plastic particle extruding device shown in FIG. 1 from another perspective.
  • 100-Plastic particle extrusion device 110-Rotary drive; 120-Extrusion mechanism; 121-Cylinder; 122-Rotating rod; 130-Splitter block; Components; 151-telescopic drive; 152-swing arm; 153-plugging rod; 161-hopper; 162-discharging valve; 163-level sensor; 164-inlet; 165-exhaust port; Window; 170-Installation seat; 171-Limiting boss; 172-Long hole; 181-Heating element; 182-Insulation cover; 183-Temperature wire; pad.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • a first feature being "on” or “under” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are indirect through an intermediary. touch.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a plastic pellet extrusion device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic pellet extrusion device 100 shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 5 is a plastic pellet extrusion device shown in Figure 1 100 is a partial schematic view from another perspective.
  • the plastic granule extruding device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application includes an extruding mechanism 120, a diverter block 130 and a nozzle 140; the extruding mechanism 120 has an extrusion port, and the nozzle 140 Connected to the extrusion port, the diverter block 130 is installed between the extruder port and the feed port of the nozzle 140.
  • the diverter block 130 has a plurality of flow holes arranged at intervals and penetrating along the thickness direction of the diverter block 130. Both ends of the hole communicate with the extrusion port and the feed port of the nozzle 140 respectively.
  • the extrusion mechanism 120 includes a barrel 121 and a rotating rod 122 passing through the barrel 121; there is an extrusion gap between the barrel 121 and the rotating rod 122, and the rotating rod 122 is connected to the rotating drive member 110;
  • the rotating driving member 110 is used to drive the rotating rod 122 to rotate in the barrel 121 to extrude the material from the extrusion gap.
  • the rotating rod 122 is driven to rotate by the rotating drive member 110, and a torque is generated when the rotating rod 122 rotates, which increases the fluidity of the material in the barrel 121, and conveys the material vertically downward, so that the material passes between the rotating rod 122 and the barrel 121.
  • the extrusion gap formed between flows out.
  • the material is divided through a plurality of flow holes set at intervals on the diverter block 130, so that the material enters the nozzle 140 through a plurality of flow holes, and the pressure is decomposed through the flow holes. , so as to relieve the extrusion pressure on one side of the rotating rod 122, so that the pressure distribution in the flow channel is more balanced, and reduce the risk of extrusion being not smooth due to the eccentric state of the extrusion pressure.
  • the nozzle 140 discharges material smoothly, the extrusion volume is controllable, thereby ensuring the consistency of the extrusion volume of the nozzle 140 multiple times, and ensuring the molding effect.
  • the plurality of flow holes can further play a filtering role, preventing impurities from directly entering the nozzle 140 and causing the nozzle 140 to be blocked and affecting the discharge effect.
  • the rotary driving member 110 may be a combination of a servo motor and a reducer, and the servo motor is installed on the top of the reducer.
  • the output shaft of the servo motor is provided with a spline sleeve, and the end of the rotating rod 122 near the output shaft has a spline.
  • the transmission connection between the rotating rod 122 and the servo motor is realized, and it is convenient to rotate the rod 122. removal and replacement. Every time the servo motor drives the rotating rod 122 to rotate an angle, the corresponding extrusion volume of the barrel 121 is determined. Therefore, the extrusion volume can be precisely controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the rotating rod 122 to meet the actual printing speed requirement.
  • the rotating rod 122 may be a screw.
  • the diverter block 130 is a cylindrical structure, and the axis of the cylindrical diverter block coincides with the axis of the nozzle 140 . Since the cylindrical structure is easy to process, the processing difficulty of the diverter block 130 can be reduced. A plurality of flow holes are evenly distributed around the center of the diversion block. Through this design, the pressure distribution in the channel is more balanced, and the fluid material can be mixed more uniformly and compactly under the balanced extrusion pressure, thereby improving the overall molding effect of the printed model, reducing the defective products of the model, and ensuring printing quality.
  • the diverter block can also be processed into a quadrangular prism structure.
  • a pressure detection switch 131 is connected to the lower end of the diverter block, which is used to observe the pressure inside the nozzle 140 and prevent the extrusion effect from being affected by excessive extrusion pressure.
  • the axis of the cylindrical diverter block and the axis of the nozzle 140 may also be in an eccentric state, as long as each flow hole can communicate with the extrusion mechanism 120 and the nozzle 140 .
  • FIG. 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the plastic particle extruding device shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the plastic granule extruder also includes a mounting seat 170 connected to the extrusion mechanism 120 and the nozzle 140 , and the mounting seat 170 is provided with an axial direction along the nozzle 140 .
  • the mounting hole passes through, and the shunt block 130 is embedded in the mounting hole.
  • the end of the mounting seat 170 facing the extrusion port is protruded with a limiting boss 171
  • the end of the barrel 121 facing the mounting seat 170 is concavely provided with a limiting groove
  • the limiting boss 171 is in contact with the end of the mounting seat 170
  • the limit grooves are clamped and matched to limit the connection position between the mounting seat 170 and the extrusion mechanism 120 , preventing the mounting seat 170 from moving left and right relative to the extrusion mechanism 120 and affecting the pressure decomposition effect of the diverter block 130 .
  • the cooperation between the limiting boss 171 and the limiting groove can also play a guiding role for the installation of the mounting seat 170 relative to the barrel 121 .
  • the plastic particle extruding device 100 also includes a shut-off nozzle assembly 150, and the shut-off nozzle assembly 150 includes a telescopic drive member 151 connected to the diverter block 130 and a connection on the blocking rod 153 of the telescoping drive member 151.
  • the closing rod 153 is driven to move by the telescopic driving member 151 , so that the nozzle 140 is in a closed or flowing state.
  • the shut-off nozzle assembly 150 it plays a role of jumping and shifting, reducing the risk of wire drawing of the nozzle 140 .
  • the plugging rod 153 is passed through the inner cavity of the nozzle 140, so that when the plugging rod 153 rises relative to the discharge port of the nozzle 140, the discharge port of the nozzle 140 can be in the Circulation state: when the plugging rod 153 descends to the discharge port of the nozzle 140, it can block the discharge port of the nozzle 140, so that the discharge port of the nozzle 140 can be in a blocked state.
  • the blocking rod 153 can also be arranged on the outside of the nozzle 140, and the telescopic driver 151 can drive the blocking rod 153 to move left and right to connect or disengage with the discharge port of the nozzle 140, so as to realize the nozzle 140. Blockage or circulation.
  • the mounting seat 170 is configured with a long hole 172 passing through the side wall;
  • the shut-off nozzle assembly also includes a swing arm 152, the first end of which is connected to the telescopic drive 151,
  • the second end of the swing arm 152 passes through the long hole 172 and is connected to the blocking rod 153.
  • the first end and the second end are opposite ends.
  • the swing arm 152 protrudes from a third end near the second end.
  • the third end is configured with a shaft hole through which the rotating shaft is hinged to the mounting seat 170 , and the rotating shaft serves as a fulcrum of the swing arm 152 .
  • the elongated hole 172 provides a swing space for the swing arm 152 . In this way, when the telescopic driving member 151 drives the first end to rise, the second end will fall accordingly;
  • the telescopic driving member 151 can specifically be an air cylinder, which drives the blocking rod 153 to rise or fall through the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the air cylinder.
  • the blocking rod 153 can also be directly connected to the cylinder piston rod, without setting the swing arm 152 to realize power transmission.
  • a nozzle connection sleeve can also be provided. One end of the nozzle connection sleeve is sealed and connected to the diverter block, and the other end is detachably connected to the nozzle 140, so as to improve the service life of the nozzle 140 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the plastic particle extruding device 100 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the plastic pellet extrusion device 100 further includes a heating element 181 connected to the barrel 121 .
  • Heating generally includes resistance heating and inductive heating. Inductive heating is effective but high in cost.
  • resistance heating is selected, and the heating element 181 used is a resistance heating ring.
  • the printing material can be granular or powdery polymer material, so that the granular material is mixed and melted into a fluid state in the barrel 121 .
  • a heating device may not be provided, and a fluid printing material, such as liquid resin, may be used directly.
  • the barrel 121 is also connected with a temperature-sensing line 183 .
  • the outer surface of the barrel 121 is provided with a screw hole, and the temperature sensing line 183 is pressed into the threaded hole to be in close contact with the barrel 121.
  • a heat sink 184 is provided on the barrel 121 close to the feed inlet. Because the barrel 121 is covered with a heating element 181, and the barrel 121 has thermal conductivity, so the feed port position of the barrel 121 has a certain temperature, so it is easy to cause the granular material to stick to the feed port position of the barrel 121. The knot is blocked, resulting in bridging phenomenon. Therefore, the heat sink 184 is set to cool the granular material at the feeding port of the barrel 121 to prevent the particles from sticking together and effectively reduce the risk of blockage of the feeding port of the barrel 121 .
  • the heat sink 184 may specifically include a metal sleeve and a plurality of heat sinks arranged on the outer surface of the metal sleeve.
  • the metal sleeve is sleeved on the surface of the barrel 121.
  • the heat sinks are parallel to each other and there is a certain space between the heat sinks. , to facilitate heat dissipation.
  • the material of the cooling fins is a metal with a small specific heat, which absorbs heat quickly and dissipates heat relatively quickly. Through heat transfer, the feeding end of the barrel 121 can quickly dissipate heat.
  • the contact surface of the heat sink is coated with heat-conducting silicone grease, so that the heat of the barrel 121 is more effectively conducted to the heat sink, and then dissipated into the surrounding air through the heat sink.
  • the heat dissipation element 184 may also be a heat dissipation fan.
  • the heating element 181 is further covered with a thermal insulation cover 182 . Because the insulation cover 182 evenly covers the heating element 181 , it can reduce heat loss in the barrel 121 and reduce energy consumption, so that the materials inside the barrel 121 are melted and mixed more uniformly. In addition, it can also improve the safety factor of operators and prevent accidents such as burns.
  • the plastic granule extrusion device 100 further includes a hopper 161 connected to the barrel 121 .
  • the hopper 161 is provided with a material inlet 164 , through which the material is put into the hopper 161 , and then enters the barrel 121 through the outlet of the hopper 161 . Further, the discharge port of the hopper 161 is inclined so that the material flows into the barrel 121 more easily under the guidance of the slope.
  • an exhaust port 165 is provided at the upper end of the hopper 161 , and the exhaust port 165 is used to discharge the air in the hopper 161 , reducing the risk of material clogging caused by pressure changes in the hopper 161 , and realizing uniform feeding into the barrel 121 .
  • the hopper 161 is also provided with a material level sensor 163 at a position close to its own material outlet for detecting the height of the material in the hopper 161 . When the material in the hopper 161 is stored to a certain height, feeding into the hopper 161 is stopped.
  • the hopper 161 is also provided with a transparent observation window 166 through which the feeding conditions inside the hopper 161 can be monitored. In other embodiments, a hopper may not be provided, and a material inlet is directly provided on the barrel for feeding.
  • the plastic granule extrusion device 100 further includes a discharge valve 162 connected to the hopper 161 near the outlet of the hopper 161 .
  • the unloading valve 162 can specifically be a knob type unloading valve 162 .
  • the unloading valve 162 is closed, and the unloading valve 162 is not connected to the hopper 161 , so that the material in the hopper 161 flows to the extrusion mechanism 120 .
  • the discharge valve 162 can be opened by the knob, so that the remaining materials are discharged through the outlet of the discharge valve 162, so as to recover the remaining materials and reduce waste.
  • the unloading valve 162 can also be opened to discharge the waste materials.
  • the plastic particle extrusion device 100 further includes a fixing seat 191 .
  • the speed reducer is connected to the upper end of the fixing seat 191 through a flange, and the barrel 121 is connected to the lower end of the fixing seat 191 .
  • the fixed seat 191 and the barrel 121 are correspondingly provided with a keyway, and the positioning key is installed in the keyway to realize the connection between the fixed seat 191 and the barrel 121 to prevent the relative rotation of the barrel 121; and the barrel 121 passes through one end of the fixed seat 191
  • the nut is locked to limit the barrel 121 and prevent the barrel 121 from sliding relative to each other.
  • the plastic granule extrusion device 100 also includes a heat insulation pad 192, and the heat insulation pad 192 is arranged between the fixing seat 191 and the speed reducer. Since the speed reducer will generate heat during the transmission process, and the barrel 121 is connected with a heating element 181 to heat it, in order to prevent the barrel 121 and the speed reducer from interacting with each other, a heat insulating pad 192 is set to heat the heat generated between the two. Insulation improves the heating accuracy of the barrel 121. In addition, the heat insulating pad 192 can also prevent the contact wear between the reducer and the fixing seat 191 and improve the service life of both.
  • the above-mentioned plastic particle extruding device 100 stores the material through the hopper 161 and transports the material to the cylinder 121 . Since the unloading valve 162 is provided, when it is necessary to change the material or stop printing, the remaining material can be recovered through the unloading valve 162 to reduce waste.
  • the rotating rod 122 is driven to rotate in the barrel 121 by the servo motor, and torque is generated during the rotation, and the material is conveyed vertically downward.
  • the position of the rotating rod 122 close to the feeding port of the barrel 121 is sleeved with a heat sink 184 to accelerate heat dissipation and effectively reduce the heat transfer from the lower part of the barrel 121 upwards, resulting in the risk of blocking and bridging the feeding port of the barrel 121.
  • the heating section of the barrel 121 that is, the area where the heating element is installed, due to the existence of the heating element 181 , the granular material gradually becomes molten, and is finally extruded from the extrusion port of the extrusion mechanism 120 to the diverter block 130 .
  • the material is diverted through a plurality of flow holes set at intervals on the diverter block 130 to decompose the melting pressure, so as to relieve the extrusion pressure on one side of the rotating rod 122, make the pressure distribution in the flow channel more balanced, and reduce extrusion pressure. Risk of poor extrusion due to eccentric pressure. Since the nozzle 140 discharges material smoothly, the extrusion volume is controllable, thereby ensuring the consistency of the extrusion volume of the nozzle 140 multiple times, and ensuring the molding effect. Furthermore, the diverter block 130 can also function to filter impurities in the material.
  • the heating element 181 is provided with a thermal insulation cover 182 to insulate heat, reduce heat loss in the barrel 121, prevent burns, and improve the safety factor of operators. By shutting down the nozzle assembly 150, it can play a role of jumping and shifting, reducing the risk of wire drawing of the nozzle 140.
  • the present application also provides a 3D printing device, including a frame and the above-mentioned plastic particle extruding device 100 installed on the frame. Since the plastic particle extrusion device 100 is provided with a diverter block 130, the extrusion pressure is more balanced after passing through the flow holes of the diverter block 130, ensuring the smoothness of material extrusion, thereby ensuring the consistency of the extrusion volume of the nozzle 140 times , to improve the printing effect of the model.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil d'extrusion de pastilles de matière plastique et un dispositif d'impression 3D. L'appareil d'extrusion de pastilles de matière plastique comprend un mécanisme d'extrusion (120), un bloc de répartition (130) et une buse (140). Le mécanisme d'extrusion (120) comporte un orifice d'extrusion et la buse (140) est raccordée à l'orifice d'extrusion. Le bloc de répartition (130) est monté entre le mécanisme d'extrusion (120) et un orifice d'alimentation de la buse (140). Le bloc de répartition (130) est pourvu d'une pluralité de trous d'écoulement qui sont agencés à des intervalles et qui passent à travers le bloc de répartition (130) le long de la direction de l'épaisseur ; les deux extrémités de chaque trou d'écoulement communiquent avec l'orifice d'extrusion et l'orifice d'alimentation de la buse (140), respectivement. Un matériau est réparti au moyen de la pluralité de trous d'écoulement à des intervalles sur le bloc de répartition, de telle sorte que le matériau pénètre dans la buse au moyen de la pluralité de trous d'écoulement et que la pression est soulagée au moyen des trous d'écoulement.
PCT/CN2022/107342 2021-07-23 2022-07-22 Appareil d'extrusion de pastilles de matière plastique et dispositif d'impression 3d WO2023001274A1 (fr)

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CN216267654U (zh) * 2021-07-23 2022-04-12 深圳市创想三维科技股份有限公司 塑料颗粒挤出装置及3d打印机
CN115700179A (zh) * 2022-10-27 2023-02-07 无锡有田五维增材科技有限公司 脉冲式3d打印机

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