WO2022267305A1 - 一种节能、阻燃、防水和隔音降噪性能优良的石膏板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种节能、阻燃、防水和隔音降噪性能优良的石膏板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022267305A1
WO2022267305A1 PCT/CN2021/129844 CN2021129844W WO2022267305A1 WO 2022267305 A1 WO2022267305 A1 WO 2022267305A1 CN 2021129844 W CN2021129844 W CN 2021129844W WO 2022267305 A1 WO2022267305 A1 WO 2022267305A1
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expanded vermiculite
gypsum board
gypsum
vermiculite
mixture
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PCT/CN2021/129844
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王兵
杨正波
王丽
陈红霞
刘文君
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中建材创新科技研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2022267305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022267305A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
    • C04B41/5035—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C04B2111/0062—Gypsum-paper board like materials
    • C04B2111/00629—Gypsum-paper board like materials the covering sheets being made of material other than paper

Definitions

  • This article relates to but not limited to a construction material technology, especially to a gypsum board and its preparation method.
  • gypsum is a porous building material, and gypsum board has excellent properties such as light weight, fire resistance, and flame retardancy. It is a commonly used building decoration material and indoor partition wall board.
  • conventional paper-faced gypsum boards (9.5mm, 12mm) have certain limitations in terms of fire resistance, thermal insulation performance and sound insulation and noise reduction performance. Especially in fire or extreme situations, extending the flame retardant performance of gypsum board can effectively save life and property damage. Improving the thermal insulation performance of gypsum board is of great significance to energy saving and improving the comfort of living environment in the cold north.
  • the existing technology generally uses sound-absorbing perforated gypsum boards with large noise reduction coefficients (a suitable In the room, for the purpose of sound absorption, a paper-faced gypsum board with holes running through the front and back of the gypsum board) and a suspended ceiling structure are installed to reduce noise and improve sound quality.
  • a suitable In the room for the purpose of sound absorption, a paper-faced gypsum board with holes running through the front and back of the gypsum board
  • a suspended ceiling structure are installed to reduce noise and improve sound quality.
  • Perforated gypsum board and ceiling structure is complicated, and the requirements for gypsum board substrate are relatively high.
  • Perforated gypsum board requires better strength of gypsum substrate, but phase change gypsum board will reduce the mechanical strength of substrate to a certain extent due to the incorporation of phase change materials. The bare leakage of the phase change material in the board core is easy to cause the leakage of the phase change
  • the present application has prepared a functional gypsum board with good performance.
  • the thickness of the plasterboard substrate is 9.5mm to 12mm.
  • the application provides a kind of gypsum board, and described gypsum board is made up of plate core and protective film; Any one or more, independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nano film and silica sol.
  • the areal density of the independently self-assembled flexible vermiculite nanofilm is 5 ⁇ 10 -4 g/cm 2 to 10 ⁇ 10 -4 g/cm 2 ; the areal density can be 7.96 ⁇ 10 -4 g/cm 2 to 4.78 ⁇ 10 -3 g/cm 2 ;
  • the core material of the gypsum board includes: gypsum clinker, expanded vermiculite, silica fume, phase change material, heat conduction enhancing material, reinforcing fiber and polyvinyl alcohol;
  • the phase change material and the thermal conductivity enhancing material are located in the interlayer space of the expanded vermiculite;
  • the core material may also include any one or more of foaming agent and water reducer;
  • the gypsum clinker, the thermally conductive enhancing material, the reinforcing fiber, the expanded vermiculite, the silica fume, the phase change material, the polyvinyl alcohol The weight ratio of the water reducing agent to the blowing agent is (90 to 100): (0.01 to 4): (0.1 to 4): (0.5 to 7): (0.5 to 6): (1 to 15) :(0 to 3):(0 to 0.3):(0 to 0.05);
  • the gypsum clinker, the thermally conductive enhancing material, the reinforcing fiber, the expanded vermiculite, the silica fume, the phase change material, the polyvinyl alcohol can be (90 to 100): (0.01 to 4): (0.1 to 4): (0.5 to 7): (0.5 to 6): (1 to 15 ):(0.3 to 3):(0 to 0.3):(0 to 0.05);
  • the weight ratio of the water reducing agent and the blowing agent can also be (90 to 100): (0.01 to 4): (0.1 to 3): (0.5 to 5): (0.5 to 5): (1 to 15) :(0.3 to 3):(0.01 to 0.3):(0.01 to 0.05).
  • the expanded vermiculite is expanded vermiculite passing through a 60 mesh sieve
  • the pore size distribution of the expanded vermiculite may be 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m;
  • the thermal conductivity enhancing material may be selected from any one or more of carbon network, silicon carbide nanowire, metal nanowire, carbon nanotube and graphene;
  • the average length of the thermal conductivity enhancement material may be 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m; the average diameter of the thermal conductivity enhancement material may be 0.1 nm to 1000 nm, the average length may be 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and the average diameter may be 100nm to 600nm, the thermal conductivity enhancement material can be silicon carbide thermal conductivity enhancement material;
  • the average particle size of the gypsum clinker can be 80 mesh to 100 mesh;
  • the particle size of the gypsum may be 80 mesh to 100 mesh. If the particle size of the gypsum is within the above range, a gypsum-based substrate with better performance can be obtained.
  • the melting point of the phase change material may be 20°C to 50°C;
  • the phase change material can be selected from any one or more of emulsified paraffin, polyethylene glycol and lauric acid; the melting point of the polyethylene glycol can be from 30°C to 50°C, molecular weight not greater than 2000; the melting point of the paraffin wax can be 20°C to 41°C;
  • the reinforcing fiber can be selected from any one or more of carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, polypropylene fiber, glass fiber, graphene carbon fiber and gypsum whisker;
  • the average length of the reinforcing fibers may be 1 mm to 10 mm, and the average diameter is 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m; the average length of the reinforcing fibers may be 1 mm to 5 mm, and the average diameter is 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m,
  • the reinforcing fibers are carbon fibers;
  • the polyvinyl alcohol can be selected from any one or more of polyvinyl alcohol PVA2488 and polyvinyl alcohol PVA1788;
  • the foaming agent can be an anionic surfactant;
  • the anionic surfactant can be selected from BASF GYP 3550, GYP 2680, 812 ⁇ Any one or more of GYP 3110 and sodium lauryl sulfate;
  • the water reducer can be selected from any one or more of polycarboxylate water reducers, pyrimidine resin water reducers and sulfonated polycondensate water reducers .
  • the starch is pregelatinized starch, and the viscosity of the pregelatinized starch ranges from 50 mPa ⁇ s to 100 mPa ⁇ s (1# rotor).
  • the expanded vermiculite used in the gypsum board core is processed as follows:
  • step III) Filter the mixture c treated in step II) with filter paper, wash with deionized water, dry the obtained solid to obtain the treated expanded vermiculite, and combine the thermal conductivity enhancing material, the phase change material and the treated expanded vermiculite Mix well, place at room temperature for 1d to 3d to obtain mixture d;
  • step IV separating the mixture d treated in step IV) to obtain treated expanded vermiculite
  • the amount ratio of the expanded vermiculite to the supersaturated brine in step 1) can be 2g to 50g of expanded vermiculite per liter of supersaturated brine;
  • the salt is an alkali metal salt;
  • the alkali metal salt can include a sodium salt or lithium salt;
  • the heating temperature in step II) can be 100°C to 200°C, and the heating time can be 4h to 12h; the cooling temperature can be 0°C to -30°C;
  • step IV the constant temperature is 35°C to 45°C, and the constant pressure is -0.09MPa to 0.01MPa.
  • the preparation method of the protective film comprises the following steps:
  • step 3 Filter the mixture 1 treated in step 2) with filter paper, take the filtrate and filter it with a microporous membrane and dry it to obtain the independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nano-film.
  • the dosage ratio of the expanded vermiculite to the supersaturated brine is 2g to 50g of expanded vermiculite per liter of supersaturated brine;
  • the salt is an alkali metal salt ;
  • the alkali metal salt may include a sodium salt or a lithium salt;
  • the heating temperature is 100°C to 200°C, and the heating time is 4h to 12h;
  • the cooling temperature can be 0°C to -30°C;
  • the pore size of the microporous membrane is 0.22 ⁇ m to 0.45 ⁇ m.
  • the application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned gypsum board, the preparation method comprising:
  • any of acrylic emulsion, polyethylene oxide, epoxy resin, gelatinized starch, dispersible latex powder and ultraviolet curable resin is uniformly coated between the outer surface of the gypsum board core and the independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nano film.
  • the silica sol is coated, and the gypsum board is obtained after drying.
  • polyacrylic acid emulsion and polyethylene oxide are evenly coated between the outer surface of the gypsum board core and the independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nanofilm; the polyacrylic acid emulsion and the The weight ratio of polyethylene oxide is (5 to 15): (0.01 to 0.5);
  • the thickness of the silica sol is 100 nm to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a gypsum board based on the above board core, further comprising the following steps:
  • the amount of the water used is the gypsum clinker, the silica fume, the expanded vermiculite, the polyvinyl alcohol, the water reducer and the The standard consistency water consumption of the powder after the reinforcing fiber is mixed uniformly, the determination method of the standard consistency water consumption is the standard consistency water consumption of the powder in the Chinese national standard GB/T 17669.4-1999.
  • the board has antibacterial function
  • the gypsum board not only has good thermal insulation performance, but also realizes the sound insulation function without increasing the thickness and perforation rate of the gypsum board. It can replace the perforated paper-faced gypsum board to build an ideal sound-absorbing ceiling structure, and the reverberation time can be adjusted. , Improve indoor sound quality, reduce noise, and can be used in theaters, concert halls, lecture halls, conference halls, multi-functional halls and other places with high sound requirements.
  • Fig. 1 is the independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nano-film prepared by the embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture of the independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nanofilm that the application embodiment 1 prepares;
  • Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) figure of the independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nano-membrane of common process
  • Figure 4A, Figure 4B, and Figure 4C are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the expanded vermiculite sheets prepared in Example 1 of the present application. It can be seen from the figure that the pore size distribution of the expanded vermiculite after treatment is about 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m ;
  • Fig. 5 is the temperature fluctuation curve of the gypsum boards prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 under the same environmental conditions.
  • the water reducer is a polycarboxylate water reducer, purchased from BASF, PCE541F.F; polyvinyl alcohol was purchased from Kuraray International Trading Shanghai Co., Ltd., PVA2488; foaming agent was purchased from BASF Co., Ltd., an anionic surfactant, GYP 2680.
  • Silica fume was purchased from Elkem China, 200-1000 mesh; the reinforcing fiber was carbon fiber, with an average length of 3mm and an average diameter of 7 ⁇ m; the phase change material was emulsified paraffin, and the phase change temperature was 20°C to 41°C; silicon carbide
  • the average length of the nanowire thermal conductivity enhancement material is 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and the average diameter is 100 nm to 600 nm; the expanded vermiculite is from Lingshou County, Hebei;
  • the processing method of described expanded vermiculite comprises the steps:
  • step (2) Place the mixture of expanded vermiculite and water prepared in step (1) on an electric heater (160°C), stir while heating (replenish deionized water regularly), after 8 hours, cool to room temperature, and then gradually cool down to -10°C, after 8 hours, it can be placed on the electric heating plate again, and the cycle is repeated several times until the particle size of expanded vermiculite d 50 ⁇ 0.45 ⁇ m;
  • step (3) filter the expanded vermiculite mixture prepared in step (2) with filter paper, and wash the expanded vermiculite with deionized water;
  • the pore size distribution of the expanded vermiculite is about 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. Take the filtered filtrate and set aside.
  • 1g of silicon carbide nanowire thermal conductivity enhancing material is evenly dispersed in 20g of emulsified paraffin (phase transition melting point is 20°C to 41°C), and then 20g of expanded vermiculite nanosheets (expanded on the filter paper dried in the above step (4) Vermiculite) and emulsified paraffin are thoroughly mixed, placed at room temperature for 1d, and then placed at constant temperature (temperature is 40 ⁇ 2°C) and constant pressure (vacuum degree is -0.09MPa to 0.01MPa) for 20 minutes ; Under the action of capillary force and surface tension, emulsified paraffin is immersed into the pores of expanded vermiculite.
  • phase transition melting point is 20°C to 41°C
  • the expanded vermiculite is transferred to the filter paper, and the emulsified paraffin leaked from the surface of the expanded vermiculite is removed in a drying oven higher than the melting point of the phase change material (60° C.). Continue to change the filter paper until no trace of leakage is observed.
  • the water consumption of the standard consistency (mix the above 1000g desulfurized gypsum clinker, 10g silica fume, 20g expanded vermiculite nanosheet phase change material, 1g polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5 water reducer, 3g carbon fiber, and test the water consumption of the standard consistency) Measure and mix water. Add 3g of carbon fiber into the mixing water to disperse evenly, then add 1g of polyvinyl alcohol and stir evenly; then pour the expanded vermiculite nanosheets prepared above into the mixed liquid, and stir evenly. Then 0.2 g of blowing agent was added.
  • the preparation method of the independently self-assembled flexible vermiculite nano-film is as follows: the filtrate with a certain volume and concentration obtained in step (4) in the process of preparing the expanded vermiculite is suction-filtered with a water-based microporous membrane (0.45 ⁇ m). After the filtration is completed, the suction-filtered filter cake is left in the filter device to dry naturally to form an independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nano-film. Then the dried independent self-assembled flexible vermiculite nano-film is detached from the filter membrane.
  • the vermiculite nano-film in Figure 2 has high smoothness and high density, and can effectively block the exudation of organic phase change materials with large molecular weights.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the phase change material encapsulated in the expanded vermiculite nanosheets is polyethylene glycol, the melting point of the polyethylene glycol is 30°C to 50°C, and the molecular weight is not more than 2000; the amount of the polyethylene glycol Same as the amount of phase change material used in Example 1.
  • Example 1 The difference with Example 1 is that the addition of silica fume in the formula is 20g.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of carbon fiber added in the formula is 1g.
  • Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the addition amount of expanded vermiculite nanosheets in the formula is different. During the preparation of the gypsum board, the added amount of the expanded vermiculite nanosheets was 10 g.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no expanded vermiculite phase change material is involved in the gypsum board raw material (not related to: the expanded vermiculite left on the filter paper after the expanded vermiculite is processed through the step (4) of Example 1, emulsified Paraffin and silicon carbide nanowire thermal conductivity enhancement materials).
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that it does not involve emulsified paraffin and silicon carbide nanowire thermal conductivity enhancing materials.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that it does not involve the silicon carbide nanowire thermal conductivity enhancing material.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that emulsified paraffin is not involved.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that expanded vermiculite is not involved, and silicon carbide nanowires and emulsified paraffin are added in the process of preparing gypsum board.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that no protective film is used, starch (conventional usage in this field) is mixed evenly with other raw materials when preparing gypsum slurry, and when the gypsum board substrate is a wet board, it is lapped and adhered to the protective paper for forming.
  • Starch is pregelatinized starch, and the viscosity of described starch is 55mPa ⁇ s (1# rotor); Performance test
  • Board breaking load test According to the Chinese national standard GB/T9775-2008 standard method, the breaking load of the gypsum boards prepared in the examples and comparative examples was tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • the gypsum board prepared in embodiment 1 can effectively reduce indoor noise and make the indoor environment quieter.
  • the noise reduction effect of the gypsum boards using Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 5, and Comparative Example 6 is relatively poor.
  • the gypsum boards prepared by the examples of the present application do not have the leakage of phase change materials; meanwhile, the effects of comparative examples 1, 2 and 4 on reducing indoor temperature fluctuations (reducing indoor temperature fluctuations compared to the examples) The effect) is very weak (according to the routine test method in this field).
  • Example 5 Place the gypsum boards prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 under the same environmental conditions, and use a hand-held electronic temperature measuring device to measure the temperature of the boards at regular intervals. The results are shown in Table 3 and Figure 5. From the test results, it can be found that the surface temperature fluctuation range of the panel in Example 1 is lower than that of Comparative Example 5, which shows that the thermal insulation performance of the panel in Example 1 is better than that of Comparative Example 5.

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Abstract

一种石膏板及其制备方法，石膏板由板芯和护面膜组成，所述板芯的原料包括石膏熟料、膨胀蛭石和硅灰；所述护面膜包括聚氧化乙烯、丙烯酸乳液、环氧树脂、淀粉、可分散性乳胶粉和紫外线固化树脂中的任一种或更多种、独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜和硅溶胶。

Description

一种节能、阻燃、防水和隔音降噪性能优良的石膏板及其制备方法 技术领域
本文涉及但不限于一种建筑材料技术，尤指一种特别涉及但不限于一种石膏板及其制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知，石膏是一种多孔性的建筑材料，石膏板具有轻质、防火、阻燃等优良的性能，是常用的建筑装饰装修材料和室内隔墙板材。但常规的纸面石膏板(9.5mm、12mm)在防火阻燃、保温性能和隔声降噪性能上有一定的局限性。尤其是火灾或是极端情况下，延长石膏板的阻燃性能可以有效挽救生命财产损失。在天气寒冷的北方提高石膏板的保温性能对节能、改善人居环境舒适性具有重要的意义。
目前对声音要求较高的场所，现有技术一般通过设计穿孔板厚度、孔径、穿孔率、背覆材料、吸声材料及空腔深度，使用降噪系数大的吸音穿孔石膏板(一种适用于室内以吸声为目的而设置有孔贯穿于石膏板正面与背面的纸面石膏板)及吊顶结构降低噪音，改善音质。但穿孔石膏板及吊顶结构制备工艺繁杂，对石膏板基板要求较高。穿孔石膏板要求石膏基板强度较好，但是相变石膏板因相变材料的掺入会造成基板的力学强度出现一定程度的下降，同时采用相变石膏板制备穿孔石膏板时，穿孔工艺会造成板芯中的相变材料的裸漏，这样容易引起相变材料的泄露。
发明概述
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请制备了性能良好的功能型石膏板。石膏板基板厚度为9.5mm至12mm。
本申请提供了一种石膏板，所述石膏板由板芯和护面膜组成；所述护面膜包括聚氧化乙烯、丙烯酸乳液、环氧树脂、淀粉、可分散性乳胶粉和紫外线固化树脂中的任一种或更多种，独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜和硅溶胶。
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜的面密度为5×10 -4g/cm 2至10×10 -4g/cm 2；所述面密度可以为7.96×10 -4g/cm 2至4.78×10 -3g/cm 2；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述石膏板的板芯原料包括：石膏熟料、膨胀蛭石、硅灰、相变材料、导热增强材料、增强纤维和聚乙烯醇；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述相变材料和导热增强材料位于所述膨胀蛭石的层间空间内；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述板芯原料还可以包括发泡剂和减水剂中的任一种或更多种；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述石膏熟料、所述导热增强材料、所述增强纤维、所述膨胀蛭石、所述硅灰、所述相变材料、所述聚乙烯醇、所述减水剂、所述发泡剂的重量比为(90至100):(0.01至4):(0.1至4):(0.5至7):(0.5至6):(1至15):(0至3):(0至0.3):(0至0.05)；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述石膏熟料、所述导热增强材料、所述增强纤维、所述膨胀蛭石、所述硅灰、所述相变材料、所述聚乙烯醇、所述减水剂、所述发泡剂的重量比可以为(90至100):(0.01至4):(0.1至4):(0.5至7):(0.5至6):(1至15):(0.3至3):(0至0.3):(0至0.05)；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述石膏熟料、导热增强材料、所述增强纤维、所述膨胀蛭石、所述硅灰、所述相变材料、所述聚乙烯醇、所述减水剂和所述发泡剂的重量比还可以为(90至100):(0.01至4):(0.1至3):(0.5至5):(0.5至5):(1至15):(0.3至3):(0.01至0.3):(0.01至0.05)。
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述膨胀蛭石为过60目筛的膨胀蛭石；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述膨胀蛭石的孔径分布可以为0.01μm至50μm；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述导热增强材料可以选自炭网络、碳化硅纳米线、金属纳米线、碳纳米管和石墨烯中的任意一种或更多种；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述导热增强材料的平均长度可以为10μm至100μm；所述导热增强材料的平均直径在0.1nm至1000nm，平均长 度可以为10μm至50μm，平均直径可以为100nm至600nm，所述导热增强材料可以为碳化硅导热增强材料；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述石膏熟料的平均粒度可以为80目至100目；
在本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述石膏的粒度可以为80目至100目。所述石膏的粒度在上述范围内，能够获得性能较好的石膏基板材。
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述相变材料的熔点可以为20℃至50℃；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述相变材料可以选自乳化石蜡、聚乙二醇和月桂酸中的任意一种或更多种；所述聚乙二醇的熔点可以为30℃至50℃，分子量不大于2000；所述石蜡的熔点可以为20℃至41℃；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述增强纤维可以选自碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、聚丙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、石墨烯碳纤维和石膏晶须中的任意一种或更多种；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述增强纤维的平均长度可以为1mm至10mm，平均直径为5μm至10μm；所述增强纤维的平均长度可以为1mm至5mm，平均直径为5μm至10μm，所述增强纤维为碳纤维；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述聚乙烯醇可以选自聚乙烯醇PVA2488和聚乙烯醇PVA1788中的任意一种或更多种；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述发泡剂可以为阴离子表面活性剂；所述阴离子表面活性剂可以选自巴斯夫
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000001
GYP 3550、
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000002
GYP 2680、
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000003
812、
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000004
GYP 3110和十二烷基硫酸钠中的任意一种或更多种；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述减水剂可以选自聚羧酸系减水剂、嘧胺树脂类减水剂和磺酸化缩聚物减水剂中的任意一种或更多种。
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述淀粉为预糊化淀粉，所述预糊化淀粉的粘度范围为：50mPa·s至100mPa·s(1#转子)。
在本申请提供的一种实施方式中，用于石膏板芯中的所述膨胀蛭石经过 如下处理：
I)将所述膨胀蛭石与过饱和盐水混合均匀，得到混合物c；
II)将混合物c升温至100℃以上，再降温至0℃以下，直至所述膨胀蛭石的粒径d 50≤0.45μm；所述升温和所述降温可以循环两次以上；
III)将经过步骤II)处理的混合物c用滤纸过滤，并用去离子水水洗，将得到的固体进行干燥得到处理后的膨胀蛭石，将导热增强材料、相变材料和处理后的膨胀蛭石混合均匀，在室温下放置1d至3d得到混合物d；
IV)将混合物d在恒温恒压条件下保存5min至40min；
V)将经过步骤IV)处理的混合物d进行分离，得到经过处理的膨胀蛭石；
步骤I)中所述膨胀蛭石与所述过饱和盐水的用量比可以为每升过饱和盐水中膨胀蛭石2g至50g；所述盐为碱金属盐；所述碱金属盐可以包括钠盐或锂盐；
步骤II)中所述升温的温度可以为100℃至200℃，所述升温时间可以为4h至12h；所述降温的温度可以为0℃至-30℃；
步骤IV)中，所述恒温为35℃至45℃，恒压为-0.09MPa至0.01MPa。
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述护面膜的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将所述膨胀蛭石(未经过处理的膨胀蛭石原料)与过饱和盐水混合均匀，得到混合物1；
2)将混合物1加热至100℃以上，再降温至0℃以下，直至所述膨胀蛭石的粒径d 50≤0.45μm；所述升温和所述降温可以循环两次以上；
3)将经过步骤2)处理的混合物1用滤纸过滤，取滤液用微孔滤膜进行抽滤并干燥，即得所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜。
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，步骤1)中，所述膨胀蛭石与所述过饱和盐水的用量比为每升过饱和盐水中膨胀蛭石2g至50g；所述盐为碱金属盐；所述碱金属盐可以包括钠盐或锂盐；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，步骤2)中，所述升温的温度为100℃至 200℃，所述加热时间为4h至12h；所述降温的温度可以为0℃至-30℃；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，步骤3)中，所述微孔滤膜的孔径为0.22μm至0.45μm。
又一方面，本申请提供了上述石膏板的制备方法，该制备方法包括：
将石膏板板芯外表面与所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜之间均匀涂覆丙烯酸乳液、聚氧化乙烯、环氧树脂、糊化淀粉、可分散性乳胶粉和紫外线固化树脂中的任一种或更多种；将所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜与所述石膏板板芯粘结、压实；
待所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜干燥后，再涂覆硅溶胶，干燥后即得石膏板。
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述聚丙烯酸乳液、所述聚氧化乙烯、所述环氧树脂、所述淀粉、所述可分散性乳胶粉和所述紫外线固化树脂中的任一种或更多种在所述石膏板基板的用量为50g/m 2至1000g/m 2，所述用量可以为300g/m 2至1000g/m 2；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述石膏板板芯外表面与所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜之间均匀涂覆聚丙烯酸乳液和聚氧化乙烯；所述聚丙烯酸乳液和所述聚氧化乙烯的重量比为(5至15):(0.01至0.5)；
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，所述硅溶胶的厚度为100nm至500μm。
又一方面，本申请提供了基于上述的板芯的石膏板的制备方法，还包括如下步骤：
a)将所述增强纤维分散在水中，加入所述聚乙烯醇，得到混合物a；
b)将所述膨胀蛭石与所述混合物a、所述发泡剂混合均匀得到混合物b；
c)将所述石膏熟料、所述硅灰、所述减水剂与所述混合物b混合均匀，得到石膏料浆，石膏料浆干燥后得到石膏板芯。
本申请提供的一种实施方式中，步骤a中，所述水的用量为所述石膏熟料、所述硅灰、所述膨胀蛭石、所述聚乙烯醇、所述减水剂和所述增强纤维混合均匀后的粉体的标准稠度用水量，所述标准稠度用水量的测定方法为中国国家标准GB/T 17669.4-1999中粉体的标准稠度用水量。
本申请拓宽了石膏板的使用范围和功能。优势体现在：
1.有效防止石膏基材中的相变材料的泄露，提高石膏板的耐高温性能，是一种阻燃、保温性能优良的石膏板；
2.具有良好的防水效果；
3.该板材具有抗菌功能；
4.该石膏板不仅保温性能良好，而且在不增加石膏板的厚度、穿孔率的前提下实现隔声功能，可以替代穿孔纸面石膏板，构筑理想的吸声吊顶结构，可调整混响时间、改善室内音质、降低噪声，可应用于影剧院、音乐厅、报告厅、会议厅、多功能厅等对声音要求较高的场所。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的其他优点可通过在说明书中所描述的方案来发明实现和获得。
附图概述
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1为本申请实施例1制备的独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜；
图2为本申请实施例1制备的独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图；
图3为普通工艺的独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米膜的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图；
图4A、图4B、图4C为本申请实施例1制备的膨胀蛭石片的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图，从图中可以看出，处理后的膨胀蛭石孔径分布约为0.01μm至50μm；
图5为实施例1和对比例5制得的石膏板在相同环境条件下的温度波动曲线。
详述
下文对本申请的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况 下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
实施例1
本实施例中，减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂，购自巴斯夫公司，
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000005
PCE541F.F；聚乙烯醇购自可乐丽国际贸易上海有限公司，PVA2488；发泡剂购自巴斯夫有限公司，为一种阴离子表面活性剂，
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000006
GYP 2680。硅灰购自埃肯中国公司，200-1000目；增强纤维为碳纤维，平均长度为3mm，平均直径为7μm；所述相变材料为乳化石蜡，相变温度为20℃至41℃；碳化硅纳米线导热增强材料平均长度为10μm至50μm，平均直径为100nm至600nm；所述膨胀蛭石来自河北灵寿县；
所述膨胀蛭石的处理方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将膨胀蛭石破碎后制成高膨胀率膨胀蛭石(过60目筛)，将高膨胀率膨胀蛭石用去离子水清洗后和NaCl过饱和溶液(蛭石重量:NaCl过饱和溶液＝20g/L)混合得到膨胀蛭石和水的混合液；
(2)将步骤(1)制备得的膨胀蛭石和水的混合液置于电热(160℃)上，边加热边搅拌(定期补充去离子水)，8h后，冷却至室温，然后逐渐降温至-10℃，8h后，还可以再置于电热板上，反复循环多次，直至膨胀蛭石粒径d 50≤0.45μm；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的膨胀蛭石混合物用滤纸进行过滤，并使用去离子水水洗膨胀蛭石；
(4)将滤纸上的膨胀蛭石置于烘箱干燥，备用，此时膨胀蛭石的孔径分布约为0.01μm至50μm。取过滤后的滤液，备用。
以下为石膏板的制备过程：
将1g碳化硅纳米线导热增强材料均匀分散在20g乳化石蜡(相变熔点为20℃至41℃)中，然后将膨胀蛭石纳米片20g(上述步骤(4)中经过干燥的滤纸上的膨胀蛭石)与乳化石蜡充分混合均匀，在室温下放置1d，然后置于在恒温(温度为40±2℃)，恒压(真空度为-0.09MPa至0.01MPa)的条件下，维持20分钟；在毛细管力和表面张力作用下，乳化石蜡被浸入到膨胀蛭石的孔隙中。然后将膨胀蛭石转移到滤纸上，在高于相变材料熔点(60℃)的干燥箱中除去膨胀蛭石表面渗漏的乳化石蜡。持续更换滤纸，直到观察不 到渗漏痕迹。
根据标准稠度用水量(将上述1000g脱硫石膏熟料、10g硅灰、20g膨胀蛭石纳米片相变材料、1g聚乙烯醇、0.5减水剂、3g碳纤维混合均匀，测试标准稠度用水量)称量拌合水。在拌和水中加入3g碳纤维分散均匀，再加入1g聚乙烯醇和搅拌均匀；然后将上述制备的膨胀蛭石纳米片倒入混合液中，搅拌均匀。然后再加入0.2g发泡剂。最后将1000g脱硫石膏熟料(过80目筛)、10g硅灰、0.5g减水剂倾倒入上述溶液中，搅拌均匀，制备石膏料浆在模具中成型，形成石膏板板芯；
独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜的制备方法如下：将制备膨胀蛭石过程中步骤(4)得到的一定体积和浓度的滤液用水系微孔滤膜(0.45μm)进行抽滤。过滤完成后，将抽滤的滤饼留置于过滤装置中自然干燥，形成独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜。然后将干燥后的独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜从滤膜上脱离。
将10g聚丙烯酸乳液、0.01g聚氧化乙烯混合均匀；均匀涂抹在石膏板基板外表面(涂敷的石膏板基板的面积为0.12m 2)；将独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜(4×10 -3g/cm 2)的自由面(纳米薄膜紧贴着水系滤膜的一面为非自由面，纳米薄膜裸露在空气中的一面为自由面)紧贴涂抹上述石膏板基板；
待独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜完全干燥后，在独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜上涂一层硅溶胶(10g)，使得硅溶胶的厚度在0.1mm，干燥即得石膏板。
通过对比图2和图3可以看出，图2中的蛭石纳米薄膜的平整性、致密度很高，可以有效阻拦分子量较大的有机相变材料的渗出。
实施例2
与实施例1区别在于膨胀蛭石纳米片中封装的相变材料为聚乙二醇，所述聚乙二醇的熔点为30℃至50℃，分子量不大于2000；所述聚乙二醇用量与实施例1中相变材料用量相同。
实施例3
与实施例1区别在于配方中硅灰的添加量为20g。
实施例4
与实施例1区别在于配方中碳纤维添加量为1g。
实施例5
与实施例1区别在于配方中膨胀蛭石纳米片的添加量不同。在制备石膏板过程中，膨胀蛭石纳米片的加入量为10g。
对比例1
本对比例和实施例1的区别在于石膏板原料中不涉及膨胀蛭石相变材料(不涉及：膨胀蛭石经过实施例1步骤(4)处理后在滤纸上留下的膨胀蛭石、乳化石蜡和碳化硅纳米线导热增强材料)。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1的区别在于，不涉及乳化石蜡和碳化硅纳米线导热增强材料。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例1的区别在于，不涉及碳化硅纳米线导热增强材料。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例1的区别在于，不涉及乳化石蜡。
对比例5
本对比例与实施例1的区别在于，不涉及膨胀蛭石，将碳化硅纳米线和乳化石蜡在制备石膏板的过程中加入。
对比例6
与实施例1区别在于不使用护面膜，在制备石膏料浆时将淀粉(本领域常规用量)与其他原料混合均匀，在石膏板基板为湿板时与护面纸搭接粘牢成型。淀粉为预糊化淀粉，所述淀粉的粘度为55mPa·s(1#转子)；性能测试
1.板材断裂载荷测试：依据中国国家标准GB/T9775-2008标准方法测试实施例和对比例中制备石膏板的断裂载荷，结果在表1中示出。
表1实施例和对比例中制得产品的力学性能测试
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000008
2、耐火稳定性测试：依据中国国家标准GB/T9775-2008《纸面石膏板》方法测试实施例和对比例中制备出的石膏板的遇火稳定性，结果在表中2示出。
表2实施例和对比例中制备出的石膏板的遇火稳定性
  遇火稳定性/min
实施例1 160
实施例2 155
实施例3 189
实施例4 125
实施例5 137
对比例1 118
对比例2 147
对比例3 155
对比例4 141
对比例5 126
对比例6 70
3、在同一房间中安装本申请实施例和对比例制备的纸面石膏板，实施例 1制备的石膏板可以有效的降低室内的噪音，使室内环境更安静。而使用对比例1、对比例5、对比例6的纸面石膏板的降噪效果较差。
4、本申请实施例制备的石膏板均不存在相变材料泄露的情况；同时，对比例1、对比例2和对比例4减小室内温度波动的效果(相比实施例减小室内温度波动的效果)很微弱(根据本领域常规的测试方法)。
5、分别将实施例1和对比例5制得的石膏板置于相同环境条件下，使用手持式电子测温设备对板材进行定时测温，结果如表3和图5所示。通过测试结果可以发现实施例1板材的表面温度波动幅度要低于对比例5，说明实施例1板材的保温性能优于对比例5。
表3温度波动测试
Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-000009
虽然本申请所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述的内容仅为便于理解本申请而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本申请。任何本申请所属领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本申请所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式及细节上进行任何的修改与变化，但本申请的保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种石膏板，由板芯和护面膜组成，
    所述护面膜包括聚氧化乙烯、丙烯酸乳液、环氧树脂、淀粉、可分散性乳胶粉和紫外线固化树脂中的任一种或更多种，独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜和硅溶胶。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的石膏板，其中，所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜的面密度为1×10 -4g/cm 2至100×10 -3g/cm 2；所述面密度可以为5×10 - 4g/cm 2至10×10 -3g/cm 2；所述面密度还可以为7.96×10 -4g/cm 2至4.78×10 - 3g/cm 2。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的石膏板，其中，所述石膏板的板芯原料包括：石膏熟料、膨胀蛭石、硅灰、相变材料、导热增强材料、增强纤维和聚乙烯醇；
    所述相变材料和导热增强材料位于所述膨胀蛭石的层间空间内；
    所述板芯原料还可以包括发泡剂和减水剂中的任一种或更多种；
    所述石膏熟料、所述导热增强材料、所述增强纤维、所述膨胀蛭石、所述硅灰、所述相变材料、所述聚乙烯醇、所述减水剂、所述发泡剂的重量比为(90至100):(0.01至4):(0.1至4):(0.5至7):(0.5至6):(1至15):(0至3):(0至0.3):(0至0.05)；
    所述石膏熟料、所述导热增强材料、所述增强纤维、所述膨胀蛭石、所述硅灰、所述相变材料、所述聚乙烯醇、所述减水剂、所述发泡剂的重量比可以为(90至100):(0.01至4):(0.1至4):(0.5至7):(0.5至6):(1至15):(0.3至3):(0至0.3):(0至0.05)；
    所述石膏熟料、导热增强材料、所述增强纤维、所述膨胀蛭石、所述硅灰、所述相变材料、所述聚乙烯醇、所述减水剂和所述发泡剂的重量比可以为(90至100):(0.01至4):(0.1至3):(0.5至5):(0.5至5):(1至15):(0.3至3):(0.01至0.3):(0.01至0.05)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的石膏板，其中，所述膨胀蛭石为过60目筛的 膨胀蛭石；
    所述膨胀蛭石的孔径分布可以为0.01μm至50μm；
    所述导热增强材料可以选自炭网络、碳化硅纳米线、金属纳米线、碳纳米管和石墨烯中的任意一种或更多种；
    所述导热增强材料的平均长度可以为10μm至100μm；所述导热增强材料的平均直径在0.1nm至1000nm，平均长度可以为10μm至50μm，平均直径可以为100nm至600nm，所述导热增强材料可以为碳化硅导热增强材料；
    所述石膏熟料的平均粒度可以为80目至100目；
    所述相变材料的熔点可以为20℃至50℃；
    所述相变材料可以选自乳化石蜡、聚乙二醇和月桂酸中的任意一种或更多种；所述聚乙二醇的熔点可以为30℃至50℃，分子量不大于2000；所述石蜡的熔点可以为20℃至41℃；
    所述增强纤维可以选自碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、聚丙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、石墨烯碳纤维和石膏晶须中的任意一种或更多种；
    所述增强纤维的平均长度可以为1mm至10mm，平均直径为5μm至10μm；所述增强纤维的平均长度可以为1mm至5mm，平均直径为5μm至10μm，所述增强纤维为碳纤维；
    所述聚乙烯醇可以选自聚乙烯醇PVA2488和聚乙烯醇PVA1788中的任意一种或两种；
    所述发泡剂可以为阴离子表面活性剂；所述阴离子表面活性剂可以选自巴斯夫
    Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-100001
    GYP 3550、
    Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-100002
    GYP 2680、
    Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-100003
    SASN 812、
    Figure PCTCN2021129844-appb-100004
    GYP 3110和十二烷基硫酸钠中的任意一种或更多种；
    所述减水剂可以选自聚羧酸系减水剂、嘧胺树脂类减水剂和磺酸化缩聚物减水剂中的任意一种或更多种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的石膏板，其中，所述膨胀蛭石经过如下处理：
    I)将所述膨胀蛭石与过饱和盐水混合均匀，得到混合物c；
    II)将混合物c升温至100℃以上，再降温至0℃以下，直至所述膨胀蛭 石的粒径d 50≤0.45μm；所述升温和所述降温可以循环两次以上；
    III)将经过步骤II)处理的混合物c用滤纸过滤，并用去离子水水洗，将得到的固体进行干燥得到处理后的膨胀蛭石，将导热增强材料、相变材料和处理后的膨胀蛭石混合均匀，在室温下放置1d至3d得到混合物d；
    IV)将混合物d在恒温恒压条件下保存5min至40min；
    V)将经过步骤IV)处理的混合物d进行分离，得到经过处理的膨胀蛭石；
    步骤I)中所述膨胀蛭石与所述过饱和盐水的用量比可以为每升过饱和盐水中膨胀蛭石2g至50g；所述盐为碱金属盐；所述碱金属盐可以包括钠盐或锂盐；
    步骤II)中所述升温的温度可以为100-200℃，所述升温时间可以为4h至12h；所述降温的温度可以为0℃至-30℃；
    步骤IV)中，所述恒温为35℃至45℃，恒压为-0.09MPa至0.01MPa。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的石膏板，其中，所述护面膜的制备方法包括如下步骤：
    1)将膨胀蛭石与过饱和盐水混合均匀，得到混合物1；
    2)将混合物1加热至100℃以上，再降温至0℃以下，直至所述膨胀蛭石的粒径d 50≤0.45μm；所述加热和所述降温循环可以为两次以上；
    3)将经过步骤2)处理的混合物1用滤纸过滤，取滤液用微孔滤膜进行抽滤并干燥，即得所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的石膏板，其中，步骤1)中，所述膨胀蛭石与所述过饱和盐水的用量比为每升过饱和盐水中膨胀蛭石2g至50g；所述盐为碱金属盐；所述碱金属盐可以包括钠盐或锂盐；
    步骤2)中，所述加热的温度可以为100℃至200℃，所述加热时间为4h至12h；所述降温的温度可以为0℃至-30℃；
    步骤3)中，所述微孔滤膜的孔径可以为0.22μm至0.45μm。
  8. 根据权利要求3至7中任一项所述的石膏板的制备方法，包括：
    将石膏板板芯外表面与所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜之间均匀涂覆聚丙烯酸乳液、聚氧化乙烯、环氧树脂、淀粉、可分散性乳胶粉和紫外线固化树脂中的任一种或更多种；将所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜与所述石膏板板芯粘结；
    待所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜干燥后，再涂覆硅溶胶，干燥后即得石膏板。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的石膏板的制备方法，其中，所述聚丙烯酸乳液、所述聚氧化乙烯、所述环氧树脂、所述淀粉、所述可分散性乳胶粉和所述紫外线固化树脂中的任一种或更多种在所述石膏板基板的用量为50g/m 2至1000g/m 2，所述用量可以为300g/m 2至1000g/m 2；
    所述石膏板板芯外表面与所述独立自组装柔性蛭石纳米薄膜之间可以均匀涂覆聚丙烯酸乳液和聚氧化乙烯；所述聚丙烯酸乳液和所述聚氧化乙烯的重量比可以为(5至15):(0.01至0.5)；
    所述硅溶胶的厚度可以为100nm至500μm。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的石膏板的制备方法，其中，所述石膏板芯的制备方法包括如下步骤：
    a)将所述增强纤维分散在水中，加入所述聚乙烯醇，得到混合物a；
    b)将所述膨胀蛭石与所述混合物a、所述发泡剂混合均匀得到混合物b；
    c)将所述石膏熟料、所述硅灰、所述减水剂与所述混合物b混合均匀，得到石膏料浆，石膏料浆干燥后得到石膏板芯；
    步骤a)中，所述水的用量可以为所述石膏熟料、所述硅灰、所述膨胀蛭石、所述聚乙烯醇和所述减水剂混合均匀后的粉体的标准稠度用水量。
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