WO2022267203A1 - 一种用于焊接的夹取装置及机器人 - Google Patents
一种用于焊接的夹取装置及机器人 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022267203A1 WO2022267203A1 PCT/CN2021/112763 CN2021112763W WO2022267203A1 WO 2022267203 A1 WO2022267203 A1 WO 2022267203A1 CN 2021112763 W CN2021112763 W CN 2021112763W WO 2022267203 A1 WO2022267203 A1 WO 2022267203A1
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- Prior art keywords
- clamping
- gear
- welding
- rotating
- rotating mechanism
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J11/00—Manipulators not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/04—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of welding equipment, in particular to a clamping device and a robot for welding.
- Welding equipment refers to the equipment needed to realize the welding process. Among them, thanks to the characteristics of high welding precision and high efficiency, welding robots are more and more widely used in the welding field.
- the first operation method has higher workpiece positioning accuracy, but when the welding robot welds the workpiece from below, the high-temperature residue during the welding process will impact the welding robot, causing surface damage to the welding robot; the second This operation method has low workpiece positioning accuracy, but it can protect the welding robot well.
- the invention provides a clamping device and a robot for welding to solve the problems in the prior art.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
- a clamping device for welding comprising:
- a drive mechanism including a drive shaft connected to the drive assembly
- the first rotation mechanism is connected with the drive shaft to realize intermittent rotation in the horizontal plane;
- the second rotating mechanism is connected to the drive shaft and is rotationally connected to the first rotating mechanism, and performs intermittent circumferential rotation in the vertical plane during the horizontal circumferential intermittent rotation with the first rotating mechanism;
- At least one clamping mechanism is correspondingly connected with the second rotating mechanism, and the clamping mechanism is configured to position and clamp the welding workpiece.
- the first rotation mechanism includes:
- the first transmission assembly includes a first gear fixedly sleeved on the drive shaft and a second gear intermittently meshing with the first gear;
- the rotating member is fixedly connected with the second gear to realize intermittent rotation in the horizontal circumferential direction.
- the drive shaft drives the second gear to rotate intermittently through the first gear, thereby realizing the intermittent rotation of the rotating member.
- the first gear is an external gear, and the tooth shape of the first gear is a sector structure of 90°;
- the second gear is an internal gear, and the tooth profile of the second gear is two mirror-symmetrical 90° fan-shaped structures;
- the transmission ratio when the first gear meshes with the second gear is 1:1.
- the first gear drives the second gear to rotate to realize the intermittent rotation at a preset angle, so as to realize the collection of work pieces from clamping, front welding, back welding and removal, and improve the efficiency of the welding process.
- the second rotation mechanism includes:
- the second transmission assembly includes a third gear coaxially fixed to the drive shaft and at least one fourth gear intermittently meshing with the third gear;
- At least one rotating shaft one end is coaxially fixedly connected with the fourth gear, and the other end horizontally passes through the rotating member and is connected with the clamping mechanism, and the rotating shaft is rotationally connected with the rotating member.
- the rotating member drives the rotating shaft to realize intermittent rotation in the horizontal circumferential direction; on the other hand, the driving shaft drives the fourth gear to rotate through the third gear, thereby enabling the rotating shaft to rotate around its own axis.
- the third gear is a bevel gear, and the tooth profile of the third gear occupies 1/4 of the conical surface of the bevel gear;
- the fourth gear is a bevel gear with a full-tooth structure, and the axis of the third gear is perpendicular to the axis of the fourth gear;
- the transmission ratio when the third gear meshes with the fourth gear is 1:4.
- the rotation of the third gear drives the rotation of the fourth gear to realize the intermittent flipping of the clamping mechanism, thereby realizing the welding of the front and back sides of the workpiece.
- the clamping mechanism includes:
- the clamping body is fixedly connected with the end of the rotating shaft;
- the clamping assembly includes two clamping parts arranged in mirror images, a clamping part provided on the clamping parts, and at least one driving part provided on the clamping body for driving the relative movement of the two clamping parts, Clamping grooves are formed on opposite inner surfaces of the two clamping pieces along the length direction of the clamping pieces.
- the driving part drives the clamping part to move relative to realize the docking of the two workpieces, the clamping part clamps the two workpieces to be welded, and the clamping groove can, on the one hand, carry out the work on the workpiece to be welded in the horizontal direction.
- Positioning at the same time, it can provide positioning support for the workpiece to be welded in the vertical direction to ensure the precise welding of the workpiece, so as to realize the precise welding of the workpiece.
- the clamping part includes at least one clamping part for clamping the workpiece, and the clamping part includes: a force application part for applying a tightening force, a threaded rod connected with the force application part part and the pressing part connected with the threaded rod part;
- a threaded hole adapted to the threaded rod is provided on the top surface or the bottom surface of the clamping member to the clamping groove.
- the force applying part drives the threaded rod part to rotate, and the threaded rod part and the threaded hole rotate relative to each other to realize its up and down movement, and then drives the pressing part to compress or loosen the welding workpiece.
- the clamping part further includes an air cylinder provided on the clamping member and a rack connected to the movable end of the air cylinder; the force applying portion is a toothed structure meshing with the rack.
- the cylinder drives the rack to move in translation, and then drives the force application part to rotate to drive the pressure plate to move up and down, so that this structure realizes the linkage of multiple clamping parts, which is convenient for fast clamping and loosening of the workpiece.
- a second aspect provides a welding robot, including the gripping device provided by the technical solution of the first aspect.
- the robot also includes:
- a working platform configured to support said gripping device
- a welding torch is fixed to the end of the mechanical arm.
- the clamping device for welding proposed by the present invention includes a driving mechanism, a first rotating mechanism, a second rotating mechanism and a clamping mechanism.
- the driving mechanism drives the first rotating mechanism to realize horizontal circumferential intermittent rotation
- the first rotating mechanism drives the clamping mechanism holding the workpiece through the second rotating mechanism to rotate horizontally and circumferentially intermittently, thereby realizing the overlapping of multiple workpiece welding processes.
- the driving mechanism drives the second rotating mechanism to rotate intermittently in the vertical plane in the circumferential direction, so that the clamping mechanism drives the workpiece to turn over and realize the welding of the front and back of the workpiece.
- the workpiece can be welded on both sides from above, and the workpiece does not need to be removed and re-clamped to ensure welding accuracy.
- the present invention can not only improve the welding efficiency through the linkage of the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism, but also protect the welding robot while ensuring the welding accuracy.
- Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a clamping device for welding.
- Fig. 2 is a connection diagram of the drive shaft, the first rotating mechanism, the second rotating mechanism and the clamping mechanism.
- Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the clamping assembly.
- Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a robot used for welding.
- FIG. 1 to Fig. 5 Each label in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 is: clamping device 1, driving mechanism 11, driving shaft 111, driving assembly 112, first rotating mechanism 12, rotating member 121, cavity 1211, first gear 122, second gear 123, the second rotating mechanism 13, the rotating shaft 131, the third gear 132, the fourth gear 133, the clamping mechanism 14, the clamping main body 141, the chute 1411, the clamping assembly 142, the clamping piece 1421, the clamping groove 14211 , threaded hole 14212, slider 14213, clamping part 1422, clamping part 14221, force part 142211, threaded rod part 142212, pressing part 142213, cylinder 14222, rack 14223, driving part 1423, working platform 2, ring Guide rail 21, mechanical arm 3, welding torch 4, support frame 5.
- the welding process is one of the most common processes in industrial applications. In order to improve the welding quality, it is usually necessary to weld both sides of the workpiece to be welded. In this case, there are generally two methods of operation. The first is welding the top surface of the workpiece by the welding robot from above, and then welding the bottom surface of the workpiece by the welding robot from below. This method does not need to flip and re-clamp the workpiece, and has high precision; however, when the welding robot welds the workpiece from below, the high-temperature residue during the welding process will impact the welding robot, causing surface damage to the welding robot. The second is to use a welding robot to weld the workpiece from above. After one side is welded, the workpiece is taken out, turned over and welded on the other side. This method can protect the welding robot well, but it needs to flip and clamp the workpiece frequently, which is not only inefficient, but also leads to a decrease in welding accuracy.
- the present invention provides a clamping device and a robot for welding.
- the clamping device and robot for welding provided by the present invention include: a clamping device 1, a driving mechanism 11, a driving shaft 111, a driving assembly 112, a first rotating mechanism 12, and a rotating member 121 , cavity 1211, first gear 122, second gear 123, second rotating mechanism 13, rotating shaft 131, third gear 132, fourth gear 133, clamping mechanism 14, clamping main body 141, chute 1411, clip Holding assembly 142, clamping piece 1421, clamping groove 14211, threaded hole 14212, slider 14213, clamping part 1422, clamping piece 14221, force application part 142211, threaded rod part 142212, pressing part 142213, cylinder 14222, Rack 14223, driver 1423, working platform 2, circular guide rail 21, mechanical arm 3, welding torch 4, support frame 5.
- the clamping device 1 for welding provided in this embodiment includes a driving mechanism 11 , a first rotating mechanism 12 , a second rotating mechanism 13 and a clamping mechanism 14 .
- the driving mechanism 11 includes a driving shaft 111 and a driving assembly 112 .
- the drive shaft 11 is arranged vertically.
- the bottom end of the drive shaft 11 is connected with the drive assembly 112 to realize circumferential rotation.
- the drive assembly 112 includes a drive motor and a reducer.
- the output end of the drive motor is connected to the input end of the reducer to output power, and the output end of the reducer is coaxially connected to the drive shaft 111 to realize deceleration and drive the drive shaft 111 to rotate at a low speed.
- the first rotating mechanism 12 is connected with the drive shaft 111 to realize intermittent rotation in the horizontal plane.
- the first rotating mechanism 12 includes a rotating member 121 and a first rotating assembly.
- the rotating member 121 is a cylindrical structure, and a hollow cavity 1211 is formed inside it.
- the center of the cavity 1211 extends downwards with a circular through hole penetrating through the bottom of the rotating member 121 .
- the top end of the drive shaft 111 extends upward from the bottom of the rotating member 121 , passes through the circular through hole until it extends to the inside of the cavity 1211 .
- the first rotating assembly includes a first gear 122 fixedly sheathed on the driving shaft 111 and a second gear 123 meshing with the first gear 122 intermittently.
- the first gear 122 is an external gear
- the sector structure formed by the teeth of the first gear 122 is 90°.
- the so-called fan-shaped tooth surface means that the tooth profile of the first gear 122 is not a complete circle, and the horizontal connection between the two ends of the tooth profile and the central axis of the gear forms a fan-shaped structure.
- the second gear 123 is coaxially embedded in the circular through hole.
- the second gear 123 is an internal gear, which is commonly referred to as a ring gear structure.
- the tooth shape of the second gear 123 is two fan-shaped structures with mirror image symmetry, and the two fan-shaped structures are also 90°.
- the first gear 122 and the second gear 123 are arranged coaxially, and the transmission ratio when the two are engaged is 1:1. Then, when the first gear 122 and the third gear 132 mesh intermittently, the rotating member 121 will be driven to rotate 90° sequentially, then stop, then rotate 90° again, then stop again, and cycle in turn. And the time of each rotation is equal to the time of staying.
- the second rotating mechanism 13 includes at least one rotating shaft 131 and a second transmission assembly.
- the number of rotating shafts 131 is set to four.
- the four rotating shafts 131 are arranged along the radial direction of the rotating member 121 and form an annular array with the central axis of the rotating member 121 as the axis.
- One end of the rotating shaft 131 extends into the cavity 1211 , and the other end of the rotating shaft 131 extends out of the rotating member 121 .
- the rotating shaft 131 is rotatably connected with the rotating platform through a bearing.
- the second transmission assembly includes a third gear 132 and at least one fourth gear 133 intermittently meshing with the third gear 132 .
- the third gear 132 is coaxially fixed on the top end of the driving shaft 111 .
- the tooth shape of the third gear 132 is fan-shaped structure, that is, the tooth shape of the third gear 132 is not a complete circle, and the horizontal connection line between the two ends of the tooth shape and the central axis of the gear forms a fan-shaped structure.
- the third gear 132 adopts a bevel gear; and, the tooth shape of the third gear 132 occupies 1/4 of the bevel surface of the bevel gear, that is, the sector structure formed by the tooth shape of the third gear 132 is also 90° .
- each fourth gear 133 is coaxially and fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft 131 extending to the cavity 1211 .
- the fourth gear 133 also adopts a bevel gear, and the tooth shape of the fourth gear 133 is a complete full-tooth structure.
- the axis of the fourth gear 133 is perpendicular to the axis of the third gear 132 . That is, the axis of the third gear 132 is vertical, and the axis of the fourth gear 133 is horizontal.
- the transmission ratio when the third gear 132 and the fourth gear 133 mesh is 1:4.
- the number of clamping mechanism 14 is at least one. And it is correspondingly connected with the second rotating mechanism 13 . Specifically, the number of clamping mechanisms 14 in this embodiment is equal to the number of rotating shafts 131 , which is also four. A clamping mechanism 14 is correspondingly connected with a rotating shaft 131 . The clamping mechanism 14 is fixed on an end of the rotating shaft 131 away from the third gear 132 . The workpiece to be welded is positioned and clamped by the clamping mechanism 14 .
- the drive assembly 112 drives the drive shaft 111 to rotate at a low speed.
- the drive shaft 111 drives the rotating member 121 to rotate intermittently through the intermittent meshing of the first gear 122 and the second gear 123, and the rotating member 121 drives the clamping mechanism 14 to rotate 90° in the horizontal plane through the rotating shaft 131, stop, and then rotate 90°.
- the motion process of resting again is repeated in turn until the clamping mechanism 14 completes the full circle rotation of the horizontal plane, and the clamping mechanism 14 stays in the horizontal plane for a total of 4 times, and the 4 staying positions are respectively set as the positioning clamping station, the front Welding station, reverse welding station and workpiece removal station.
- the drive shaft drives the fourth gear 133 through the third gear 132 for meshing transmission. Furthermore, the rotating shaft 131 drives the clamping mechanism 14 to rotate intermittently around its own axis.
- clamping mechanism 14 moves from the clamping station to the front welding station and stays for front welding, the clamping mechanism 14 does not rotate; when the clamping mechanism 14 moves from the front welding station to the reverse welding station, the clamping Mechanism 14 turns over 180° and stays to carry out reverse welding; when clamping mechanism 14 moves from the reverse welding station to the workpiece removal station and stops to carry out workpiece removal, clamping mechanism 14 does not rotate by itself; when clamping mechanism 14 moves from When the workpiece moves out of the station and moves to the positioning and clamping station and stops for loading, the clamping mechanism 14 turns over 180° again to return to the initial state. During this process, the clamping mechanism 14 is turned over intermittently, so as to realize the welding of the front and back sides of the workpiece.
- the angle between the positioning clamping station and the reverse welding station on the horizontal plane is 180°, so in order to avoid process confusion, it should be ensured that the tooth profile of the first gear 122 corresponds to the tooth profile of the third gear 132 up and down, that is The vertical central plane of the toothed portion of the first gear 122 coincides with the vertical central plane of the toothed portion of the third gear 132 .
- the so-called vertical center plane means that an object is divided into two mirror-symmetrical parts by a vertical plane, and the vertical plane is the vertical center plane of this embodiment.
- the clamping mechanism 14 in this embodiment includes a clamping body 141 and a clamping assembly 142 .
- the clamping body 141 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft 131 away from the third gear 132 .
- the clamping assembly 142 includes two clamping parts 1421 arranged in mirror image, a clamping part 1422 provided on the clamping parts 1421 and at least one clamping part 1422 provided on the clamping main body 141 for driving the two clamping parts 1421 to face each other.
- the driver 1423 of the movement Specifically, the clamping body 141 is provided with a chute 1411 , and one end of the clamping piece 1421 is provided with a slider 14213 adapted to the chute 1411 , and the clamping piece 1421 is slidably connected with the clamping body.
- the driving part 1423 adopts the back-to-back double-outlet cylinder 14222, and the back-to-back double-outlet cylinder 14222 is fixed in the middle of the clamping body, and its two movable ends are respectively fixed with the two clamping pieces 1421, when the two telescopic rods of the back-to-back double-outlet cylinder 14222 When telescoping, the two clamps move away from each other or move closer to each other.
- the two workpieces to be welded are respectively clamped by the clamping parts 1422 on the two clamping parts 1421, and the driving part 1423 drives the relative movement of the clamping parts 1421 to realize the docking of the two workpieces, thereby facilitating precise welding of the workpieces.
- two clamping pieces 1421 are provided with clamping grooves 14211 on opposite inner surfaces respectively, and the clamping grooves 14211 extend along the length direction of the clamping pieces 1421 .
- a threaded hole 14212 is opened in the clamping groove 14211 from the top surface or the bottom surface of the clamping member 1421 .
- the clamping part 1422 includes at least one clamping part 14221 .
- the number of clamping pieces 14221 is equal to the number of threaded holes 14212 and distributed along the length direction of the clamping pieces 1421 .
- the clamping member 14221 includes a force application part 142211 at the top, a threaded rod part 142212 in the middle and a pressing part 142213 at the bottom.
- the external thread of the threaded rod portion 142212 is adapted to the internal thread of the threaded hole 14212 .
- the clamping groove 14211 can not only position the workpiece to be welded in the horizontal direction; meanwhile, it can also provide positioning support for the workpiece to be welded in the vertical direction, thereby ensuring precise welding of the workpiece.
- the clamping component 1422 further includes a cylinder 14222 and a rack 14223 .
- the cylinder 14222 is arranged on the clamping piece 1421 along the length direction of the clamping piece 1421, and the movable end of the cylinder 14222 is fixedly connected with one end of the rack 14223, and the telescopic rod of the cylinder 14222 can drive the rack 14223 along the clamping piece 1421. move in the length direction.
- the corresponding force applying portion 142211 is designed as a toothed structure meshing with the rack 14223 .
- the rack 14223 when the rack 14223 is driven by the cylinder 14222 to move in translation, it can drive the force applying parts 142211 of the multiple clamping parts 14221 to rotate together, and then drive the corresponding pressing plate to move up and down.
- the linkage of multiple clamping parts 14221 can be realized, so as to realize fast clamping and loosening of the welding workpiece.
- this embodiment provides a welding robot.
- the robot includes a gripping device 1 , a working platform 2 , a mechanical arm 3 and a welding torch 4 .
- the clamping device 1 adopts the clamping device 1 for welding in the first embodiment, and its specific structure has been described in detail in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
- the working platform 2 is arranged horizontally, and several supporting frames 5 are arranged at the bottom thereof.
- the shell of the reducer is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the working platform 2, and the bottom end of the drive shaft 111 penetrates the working platform 2 downwards and is fixedly connected with the output end of the reducer.
- the rotating part 121 is placed flat on the top surface of the working platform 2.
- the working platform 2 is provided with an annular guide rail 21, and the bottom of the rotating part 121 is provided with an annular guide rail 21 adapted to the circular guide rail. groove.
- the working platform 2 and the support frame 5 are all made of rigid materials.
- the mechanical arm 3 adopts a six-axis linkage mechanical arm 3 , and the bottom end of the mechanical arm 3 is fixed on the top surface of the working platform 2 through the mounting base.
- the welding torch 4 is fixed on the movable end of the mechanical arm 3 . Through the movement of the mechanical arm 3, the position of the welding torch 4 can be moved to effectively weld the workpiece.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于焊接的夹取装置及机器人，属于焊接设备技术领域。所述夹取装置包括驱动机构、第一转动机构、第二转动机构以及夹紧机构。通过驱动机构带动第一转动机构实现水平周向间歇转动，第一转动机构通过第二转动机构带动夹持有工件的夹紧机构水平周向间歇转动，进而实现多个工件焊接工序过程的重叠，以提升焊接效率。同时，驱动机构带动第二转动机构在竖直平面内周向间歇转动，进而使夹持机构带动工件实现翻转，实现工件正反面的焊接。与现有技术相比，本发明通过第一转动机构和第二转动机构的联动既能够实现焊接效率的提升，又能在确保焊接精度的情况下保护焊接机器人。
Description
本发明属于焊接设备技术领域，尤其是一种用于焊接的夹取装置及机器人。
焊接设备是指实现焊接工艺所需要的装备。其中，得益于焊接精度高、效率高等特点，焊接机器人在焊接领域应用越来越广泛。
现有技术中，为了提高焊接质量，通常需要对被焊接工件进行正反两面的焊接。在此情况下，有两种操作方法：一种是通过焊接机器人在上方对工件的顶面进行焊接，然后再通过焊接机器人从下方对工件的底面进行焊接；另一种是通过焊接机器人从上方对工件进行焊接，焊接完一面后，将工件取出，然后翻转再对另一面进行焊接。
这两种方法各有优势：第一种操作方法工件定位精度较高，但是当焊接机器人从下方对工件进行焊接时，焊接过程中的高温残渣会冲击焊接机器人，造成焊接机器人表面损伤；第二种操作方法工件定位精度较低，但是可以很好的保护焊接机器人。
本发明提供了一种用于焊接的夹取装置及机器人，以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
第一方面，提供一种用于焊接的夹取装置，包括：
驱动机构，包括与驱动组件连接的驱动轴；
第一转动机构，与所述驱动轴连接以实现水平面内的周向间歇转动；
第二转动机构，与所述驱动轴连接，同时与所述第一转动机构转动连接，在随第一转动机构进行水平周向间歇转动的过程中进行竖直平面内的周向间歇转动；
至少一个夹紧机构，与第二转动机构对应连接，所述夹紧机构被设置为对焊接的工件进行定位夹紧。
在进一步的实施例中，所述第一转动机构包括：
第一传动组件，包括与固定套设于驱动轴的第一齿轮以及与第一齿轮间歇啮合的第二齿轮；
转动件，与所述第二齿轮固定连接以实现水平周向间歇转动。
通过采用上述技术方案：驱动轴通过第一齿轮带动第二齿轮间歇转动，进而实现转动件的间歇转动。
在进一步的实施例中，所述第一齿轮为外齿轮，所述第一齿轮的齿形为90°的扇形结构；
所述第二齿轮为内齿轮，所述第二齿轮的齿形为两个镜像对称的90°的扇形结构；
所述第一齿轮与所述第二齿轮啮合时的传动比为1:1。
通过采用上述技术方案：第一齿轮带动第二齿轮转动实现预设角度的间歇转动，从而实现工件从夹持、正面焊接、反面焊接以及移出的工序集合，实现焊接工艺的效率提升。
在进一步的实施例中，所述第二转动机构包括：
第二传动组件，包括同轴固定于驱动轴的第三齿轮以及至少一个与所述第三齿轮间歇啮合的第四齿轮；
至少一个转动轴，一端与所述第四齿轮同轴固定连接，另一端水平贯穿转动件并与夹紧机构连接，所述转动轴与所述转动件转动连接。
通过采用上述技术方案：一方面，转动件带动转动轴实现水平周向的间歇转动；另一方面，驱动轴通过第三齿轮带动第四齿轮转动，进而使转动轴实现绕自身轴线的转动。
在进一步的实施例中，所述第三齿轮为锥齿轮，所述第三齿轮的齿形占据锥齿轮锥面的1/4；
所述第四齿轮为全齿结构的锥齿轮，且所述第三齿轮的轴线垂直于所述第四齿轮的轴线；
所述第三齿轮与所述第四齿轮啮合时的传动比为1：4。
通过采用上述技术方案：第三齿轮转动带动第四齿轮转动实现夹紧机构的间歇性翻转，从而实现工件正反两面的焊接。
在进一步的实施例中，所述夹紧机构包括：
夹紧主体，与转动轴的端部固定连接；
夹持组件，包括镜像设置的两个夹持件、设于所述夹持件上的夹紧部件以及至少一个设于夹紧主体上的用于驱动两个夹持件相对运动的驱动件，所述两个夹持件相对的内侧面沿夹持件的长度方向形成有夹持槽。
通过采用上述技术方案：驱动件驱动夹持件相对运动实现两个工件的对接，夹紧部件对需要焊接的两个工件进行夹紧，夹持槽一方面可以在水平方向对需要焊接的工件进行定位；同时，能够在竖直方向对需要焊接的工件提供定位支撑，以确保工件的精准焊接，从而实现工件的精准焊接。
在进一步的实施例中，所述夹紧部件包括至少一个用于夹紧工件的夹紧件，所述夹紧件包括：用于施加拧紧力的施力部、与施力部连接的螺纹杆部以及与螺纹杆部连接的压紧部；
所述夹持件的顶面或底面至所述夹持槽开设有与所述螺纹杆部适配的螺纹孔。
通过采用上述技术方案：施力部带动螺纹杆部转动，螺纹杆部与螺纹孔相对转动实现其上下移动，进而带动压紧部压紧或者松弛焊接工件。
在进一步的实施例中，所述夹紧部件还包括设于夹持件上的气缸以及与气缸的活动端连接的齿条；所述施力部为与齿条啮合的齿形结构。
通过采用上述技术方案：通过气缸带动齿条平动，进而带动施力部旋转以带动压紧板上下移动，从而此结构实现多个夹紧件的联动，便于实现工件的快速夹紧和松弛。
第二方面，提供一种用于焊接的机器人，包括第一方面的技术方案提供的所述的夹取装置。
在进一步的实施例中，所述机器人还包括：
工作平台，被设置支撑所述夹取装置；
机械臂，底部与所述工作平台固定；
焊枪，固定于所述机械臂的末端。
本发明提出的用于焊接的夹取装置包括驱动机构、第一转动机构、第二转动机构以及夹紧机构。通过驱动机构带动第一转动机构实现水平周向间歇转动，第一转动机构通过第二转动机构带动夹持有工件的夹紧机构水平周向间歇转动，进而实现多个工件焊接工序过程的重叠，以提升焊接效率。同时，驱动机构带动第二转动机构在竖直平面内周向间歇转动，进而使夹持机构带动工件实现翻转，实现工件正反面的焊接。在此过程中，从上方即可对工件实现双面焊接，且无需将工件取下并重新夹紧，确保焊接精度。与现有技术相比，本发明能够通过第一转动机构和第二转动机构的联动既能够实现焊接效率的提升，又能在确保焊接精度的情况下保护焊接机器人。
图1是用于焊接的夹取装置结构示意图。
图2是驱动轴、第一转动机构、第二转动机构以及夹紧机构的连接示意图。
图3是夹紧机构的结构示意图。
图4是夹持组件的结构示意图。
图5是用于焊接的机器人的结构示意图。
图1至图5中的各标注为：夹取装置1、驱动机构11、驱动轴111、驱动组件112、第一转动机构12、转动件121、腔体1211、第一齿轮122、第二齿轮123、第二转动机构13、转动轴131、第三齿轮132、第四齿轮133、夹紧机构14、夹紧主体141、滑槽1411、夹持组件142、夹持件1421、夹持槽14211、螺纹孔14212、滑块14213、夹紧部件1422、夹紧件14221、施力部142211、螺纹杆部142212、压紧部142213、气缸14222、齿条14223、驱动件1423、工作平台2、环形导轨21、机械臂3、焊枪4、支撑架5。
下面将结合附图和实施例，对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
焊接工艺是工业应用中最常见的工艺之一，为了提高焊接质量，通常需要对被焊接工件进行正反两面的焊接。在此情况下，通常有两种操作方法。第一种是通过焊接机器人在上方对工件的顶面进行焊接，然后再通过焊接机器人从下方对工件的底面进行焊接。这种方法不需要对工件进行翻转和重新夹持，精度较高；但是，当焊接机器人从下方对工件进行焊接时，焊接过程中的高温残渣会冲击焊接机器人，造成焊接机器人表面损伤。第二种是通过焊接机器人从上方对工件进行焊接，焊接完一面后，将工件取出，然后翻转再对另一面进行焊接。这种方法可以很好地保护焊接机器人，但是，需要频繁地对工件进行翻转和夹持，不仅效率较低，而且会导致焊接精度的下降。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种用于焊接的夹取装置及机器人。如图1至图5所示，本发明提供的用于焊接的夹取装置及机器人包括：夹取装置1、驱动机构11、驱动轴111、驱动组件112、第一转动机构12、转动件121、腔体1211、第一齿轮122、第二齿轮123、第二转动机构13、转动轴131、第三齿轮132、第四齿轮133、夹紧机构14、夹紧主体141、滑槽1411、夹持组件142、夹持件1421、夹持槽14211、螺纹孔14212、滑块14213、夹紧部件1422、夹紧件14221、施力部142211、螺纹杆部142212、压紧部142213、气缸14222、齿条14223、驱动件1423、工作平台2、环形导轨21、机械臂3、焊枪4、支撑架5。
实施例1
结合图1和图2，本实施例提供的用于焊接的夹取装置1包括驱动机构11、第一转动机构12、第二转动机构13以及夹紧机构14。
具体的，驱动机构11包括驱动轴111以及驱动组件112。驱动轴11竖直设置。驱动轴11的底端与驱动组件112连接以实现周向转动。驱动组件112包括驱动电机以及减速机。驱动电机的输出端与减速机的输入端连接以输出动力，减速机的输出端与驱动轴111同轴连接以实现减速，并带动驱动轴111低速转动。
第一转动机构12与所述驱动轴111连接以实现水平面内的周向间歇转动。第一转动机构12包括转动件121和第一转动组件。其中，转动件121为圆柱形结构，其内部形成中空的腔体1211结构。该腔体1211的中心向下延伸有贯穿转动件121底部的圆形通孔。驱动轴111的顶端自转动件121的下方向上延伸，贯穿圆形通孔直至延伸至腔体1211内部。
第一转动组件包括固定套设于驱动轴111的第一齿轮122以及与第一齿轮122间歇啮合的第二齿轮123。具体的，第一齿轮122为外齿轮，并且第一齿轮122的齿形构成的扇形结构为90°。所谓扇形结构齿面是指第一齿轮122的齿形不是一个完整的圆，齿形的两个末端与齿轮中轴线的水平连线构成一个扇形结构。第二齿轮123同轴嵌设于该圆形通孔内。具体的，该第二齿轮123为内齿轮，即日常所说的齿圈结构。并且，第二齿轮123的齿形为两个镜像对称的扇形结构，且这两个扇形结构也为90°。第一齿轮122和第二齿轮123同轴设置，并且二者啮合时的传动比为1:1。则第一齿轮122和第三齿轮132间歇啮合时，会带动转动件121依次转动90°，然后停止，然后再转动90°，然后再停止，依次循环。而每次转动的时间和停留的时间相等。
第二转动机构13包括至少一个转动轴131以及第二传动组件。本实施例中，转动轴131的数量设置为4个。这4个转动轴131沿转动件121的径向设置并形成以转动件121的中轴线为轴线的环形阵列。转动轴131的一端延伸至腔体1211内，转动轴131的另一端延伸至转动件121外侧。转动轴131通过轴承与转动平台转动连接。
第二传动组件包括一个第三齿轮132以及至少一个与第三齿轮132间歇啮合的第四齿轮133。具体的，第三齿轮132同轴固定于驱动轴111的顶端。第三齿轮132的齿形均为扇形结构，即第三齿轮132的齿形不是一个完整的圆，齿形的两个末端与齿轮中轴线的水平连线构成一个扇形结构。本实施例中，第三齿轮132采用锥形齿轮；并且，第三齿轮132的齿形占据锥齿轮的锥面的1/4，即第三齿轮132的齿形构成的扇形结构也为90°。第四齿轮133的数量为4个，并且每个第四齿轮133分别与转动轴131延伸至腔体1211的一端同轴固定连接。第四齿轮133也采用锥形齿轮，并且第四齿轮133的齿形为完整的全齿结构。第四齿轮133的轴线与第三齿轮132的轴线相互垂直。即，第三齿轮132的轴线竖直，第四齿轮133的轴线水平。并且第三齿轮132和第四齿轮133啮合时的传动比为1:4。
夹紧机构14的数量至少为1个。并且与第二转动机构13对应连接。具体的，本实施例中的夹紧机构14的数量与转动轴131的数量相等，也为4个。一个夹紧机构14与一个转动轴131对应连接。夹紧机构14固定于转动轴131远离第三齿轮132的一端。通过夹紧机构14对焊接的工件进行定位夹紧。
工作原理：驱动组件112带动驱动轴111低速转动。驱动轴111通过第一齿轮122和第二齿轮123的间歇啮合带动转动件121间歇转动，转动件121通过转动轴131带动夹紧机构14在水平面内完成转动90°、停留、再转动90°、再停留的运动过程，依次循环直至夹紧机构14完成水平面的整周转动，而夹紧机构14在水平面内共计停留4次，将这4次停留位置分别设定为定位夹紧工位、正面焊接工位、反面焊接工位以及工件移出工位。通过将这4个焊接工序进行顺序集合，可以同时对多个工件焊接工序的操作，实现多个工件焊接工序过程的时间重叠，极大提升了焊接速率。同时，在此过程中。主动轴通过第三齿轮132带动第四齿轮133啮合传动。进而使得转动轴131带动夹紧机构14绕自身的轴线间歇性转动。当夹紧机构14从夹紧工位移动至正面焊接工位以及停留进行正面焊接时，夹紧机构14不自转；当夹紧机构14从正面焊接工位移动至反面焊接工位时，夹紧机构14翻转180°，并停留以进行反面焊接；当夹紧机构14从反面焊接工位移动至工件移出工位并停留以进行工件移出时，夹紧机构14不自转；当夹紧机构14从工件移出工位移动至定位夹紧工位并停留装件时，夹紧机构14再次翻转180°，以回归初始状态。在此过程中，夹紧机构14的间歇性翻转，从而实现工件正反两面的焊接。需要说明是定位夹紧工位和反面焊接工位在水平面的夹角是180°，因此为了避免工序错乱，应当保证第一齿轮122的齿形与第三齿轮132的齿形上下相对应，即第一齿轮122的齿形部分的垂直中心面和第三齿轮132齿形部分的垂直中心面重合。所谓垂直中心面是指以一竖直面将一物体分割成镜像对称的两部分，该竖直面即为本实施例的垂直中心面。
本实施例中的焊接针对于两个工件，因此在对这两个工件进行焊接时，需要分别定位夹紧并对接。为了实现这一功能，结合图3和图4，本实施例中的夹紧机构14包括夹紧主体141以及夹持组件142。
其中，夹紧主体141与转动轴131远离第三齿轮132的末端固定连接。夹持组件142包括镜像设置的两个夹持件1421、设于所述夹持件1421上的夹紧部件1422以及至少一个设于夹紧主体141上的用于驱动两个夹持件1421相对运动的驱动件1423。具体的，夹紧主体141上开有滑槽1411，夹持件1421的一端设有与滑槽1411适配的滑块14213，夹持件1421与夹持主体滑动连接。驱动件1423采用背靠背双出气缸14222，背靠背双出气缸14222固定于夹持主体的中部，并且其两个活动端分别与两个夹持件1421固定，当背靠背双出气缸14222的两个伸缩杆伸缩时，两个夹持将相互远离或者相互靠近。通过两个夹持件1421上的夹紧部件1422分别对需要焊接的两个工件进行夹紧，驱动件1423驱动夹持件1421相对运动实现两个工件的对接，从而便于工件的精准焊接。
具体的，两个夹持件1421的相对的内侧面分别开有夹持槽14211，夹持槽14211沿夹持件1421的长度方向延伸。同时，自夹持件1421的顶面或底面向夹持槽14211内开设有螺纹孔14212。夹紧部件1422包括至少一个夹紧件14221。夹紧件14221的数量与螺纹孔14212的数量相等，并且沿夹持件1421的长度方向分布。夹紧件14221包括顶部的施力部142211、中间的螺纹杆部142212以及底部的压紧部142213。这三者依次连接形成一个整体。并且螺纹杆部142212的外螺纹与螺纹孔14212的内螺纹适配。在工件定位夹紧时，将工件分别插入夹持槽14211中，然后在施力部142211施加周向转动力，旋紧夹紧件14221，螺纹杆部142212与螺纹孔14212相对转动实现其向上或者向下移动，进而带动压紧部142213压紧。当需要松弛焊接工件时，只需对施力部142211施加反向作用力即可。而夹持槽14211不仅可以在水平方向对需要焊接的工件进行定位；同时，还能够在竖直方向对需要焊接的工件提供定位支撑，从而确保工件的精准焊接。
为了实现工件的快速夹紧，在进一步的实施例中，夹紧部件1422还包括气缸14222以及齿条14223。其中，气缸14222沿夹持件1421的长度方向设置与夹持件1421上，气缸14222的活动端与齿条14223的一端固定连接，通过气缸14222伸缩杆伸缩可以带动齿条14223沿夹持件1421的长度方向移动。相应的施力部142211设计为与齿条14223啮合的齿形结构。因此，当齿条14223在气缸14222的驱动下平动时，可以带动多个夹紧件14221的施力部142211一起转动，进而带动相对应的压紧板上下移动。通过上述设置能够实现多个夹紧件14221的联动，以实现焊接工件的快速夹紧和松弛。
实施例2
结合图5，本实施例提供一种用于焊接的机器人。该机器人包括夹取装置1、工作平台2、机械臂3以及焊枪4。
具体的，夹取装置1采用实施例1的用于焊接的夹取装置1，其具体结构已经实施例1进行详细的说明，此处不再赘述。
工作平台2水平设置，其底部设有若干支撑架5。减速机的外壳与工作平台2的底面固定连接，驱动轴111的底端向下贯穿工作平台2并与减速机的输出端固定连接。转动件121平放于工作平台2的顶面，为了确保转动件121转动的稳定性，工作平台2上设有环形导轨21，同时转动件121的底部设有与环形导轨21适配的环形导槽。为了确保工作平台2能够支撑夹取装置1，工作平台2连通支撑架5均采用刚性材质制成。
机械臂3采用六轴联动的机械臂3，该机械臂3的底端通过安装底座固定于工作平台2的顶面。焊枪4固定于机械臂3的活动末端。通过机械臂3的运动，可以移动焊枪4的位置对工件进行有效焊接。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (10)
- 一种用于焊接的夹取装置，其特征在于，包括：驱动机构，包括与驱动组件连接的驱动轴；第一转动机构，与所述驱动轴连接以实现水平面内的周向间歇转动；第二转动机构，与所述驱动轴连接，同时与所述第一转动机构转动连接，在随第一转动机构进行水平周向间歇转动的过程中进行竖直平面内的周向间歇转动；至少一个夹紧机构，与第二转动机构对应连接，所述夹紧机构被设置为对焊接的工件进行定位夹紧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的夹取装置，其特征在于，所述第一转动机构包括：第一传动组件，包括与固定套设于驱动轴的第一齿轮以及与第一齿轮间歇啮合的第二齿轮；转动件，与所述第二齿轮固定连接以实现水平周向间歇转动。
- 根据权利要求2所述的夹取装置，其特征在于，所述第一齿轮为外齿轮，所述第一齿轮的齿形为90°的扇形结构；所述第二齿轮为内齿轮，所述第二齿轮的齿形为两个镜像对称的90°的扇形结构；所述第一齿轮与所述第二齿轮啮合时的传动比为1:1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的夹取装置，其特征在于，所述第二转动机构包括：第二传动组件，包括同轴固定于驱动轴的第三齿轮以及至少一个与所述第三齿轮间歇啮合的第四齿轮；至少一个转动轴，一端与所述第四齿轮同轴固定连接，另一端水平贯穿转动件并与夹紧机构连接，所述转动轴与所述转动件转动连接。
- 根据权利要求4所述的夹取装置，其特征在于，所述第三齿轮为锥齿轮，所述第三齿轮的齿形占据锥齿轮锥面的1/4；所述第四齿轮为全齿结构的锥齿轮，且所述第三齿轮的轴线垂直于所述第四齿轮的轴线；所述第三齿轮与所述第四齿轮啮合时的传动比为1：4。
- 根据权利要求4所述的夹取装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧机构包括：夹紧主体，与转动轴的端部固定连接；夹持组件，包括镜像设置的两个夹持件、设于所述夹持件上的夹紧部件以及至少一个设于夹紧主体上的用于驱动两个夹持件相对运动的驱动件，所述两个夹持件相对的内侧面沿夹持件的长度方向形成有夹持槽。
- 根据权利要求6所述的用于焊接的夹取装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧部件包括至少一个用于夹紧工件的夹紧件，所述夹紧件包括：用于施加拧紧力的施力部、与施力部连接的螺纹杆部以及与螺纹杆部连接的压紧部；所述夹持件的顶面或底面至所述夹持槽开设有与所述螺纹杆部适配的螺纹孔。
- 根据权利要求7所述的用于焊接的夹取装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧部件还包括设于夹持件上的气缸以及与气缸的活动端连接的齿条；所述施力部为与齿条啮合的齿形结构。
- 一种用于焊接的机器人，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-8任意一项所述的夹取装置。
- 根据权利要求9所述的机器人，其特征在于，还包括：工作平台，被设置支撑所述夹取装置；机械臂，底部与所述工作平台固定；焊枪，固定于所述机械臂的末端。
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| CN117900589A (zh) * | 2024-01-24 | 2024-04-19 | 扬州双良阀门有限公司 | 一种安全阀的自动焊接装置 |
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