WO2022266820A1 - 一种超支化聚苯甲酸酯及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种超支化聚苯甲酸酯及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2022266820A1
WO2022266820A1 PCT/CN2021/101359 CN2021101359W WO2022266820A1 WO 2022266820 A1 WO2022266820 A1 WO 2022266820A1 CN 2021101359 W CN2021101359 W CN 2021101359W WO 2022266820 A1 WO2022266820 A1 WO 2022266820A1
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hyperbranched
preparation
monomer
acid ester
polybenzoate
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PCT/CN2021/101359
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French (fr)
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李红坤
方慧康
李永舫
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苏州大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence

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  • the invention belongs to the fields of polymer chemistry and material science, and in particular relates to a hyperbranched polybenzoic acid ester and its preparation method and application.
  • Hyperbranched polymers are a class of novel three-dimensional spherical macromolecules with unique physical and chemical properties such as low viscosity, high rheology, high degree of branching, and a large number of terminal functional groups. Hyperbranched polymers have become a research hotspot in the field of polymer and material science as soon as they came out, and have important applications in optics, electricity, magnetism, coatings, and drug carriers.
  • a common synthetic strategy for hyperbranched polymers is the self-condensation reaction of AB n -type (n ⁇ 2) monomers. However, the problem with this strategy is that monomer preparation and storage are difficult.
  • Aggregation-induced emission is a novel photophysical phenomenon reported by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Tang's research group in 2001 ( Chem. Commun. 2001 , 1740-1741). Different from traditional organic light-emitting materials, it does not emit light or emits weak light in dilute solution, but the light emission is enhanced in the aggregated state. Based on its unique photophysical properties, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials play an important role in optoelectronic display, chemical detection, medical sensing and other fields ( Chem. Rev. 2015 , 115, 11718-11940). At present, most of the AIE research is still on small molecule materials, but less research on polymer materials. Because the polymer has better film-forming and processing properties, it is more suitable to develop into a widely used AIE material. Therefore, the development of new polymerization reactions for the preparation of polymer materials with AIE properties has potential application value.
  • the invention provides a kind of hyperbranched polybenzoate, and provides the preparation method and application of the polymer, such as the application in the detection of polynitroaromatic substances.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a kind of hyperbranched polybenzoic acid ester, has the structure shown in formula I: .
  • the preparation method of above-mentioned hyperbranched polybenzoic acid ester is: take binary internal alkynoate monomer as raw material, in the presence of rhodium catalyst, organic amine, polyreaction obtains described hyperbranched polybenzoic acid ester in solvent;
  • the chemical structural formula of the binary endynoate monomer is as follows: .
  • alkynoic acid and binary hydroxyl compound as raw material, in nitrogen, prepare binary internal alkynolate monomer by esterification;
  • the chemical structural formula of alkynoic acid is as follows: .
  • the chemical structural formula of the dihydroxy compound is as follows: .
  • R 1 is selected from one of the groups 3-24, and R 2 is one of the groups 1 and 2; the structures of the groups 1-24 are as follows: .
  • m is an integer ranging from 1 to 18; * represents a substitution position.
  • the polymerization reaction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere;
  • the solvent includes o-xylene, toluene, and dioxane;
  • the rhodium catalyst is rhodium chloride hydrate, and the organic amine is diisopropylethylamine.
  • the invention uses a binary endynoate monomer as a raw material, adds a solvent, protects it under nitrogen under heating conditions, adds a rhodium catalyst/organic amine and reacts for a certain period of time to obtain a hyperbranched polybenzoate.
  • dibasic endynoate monomer Dibasic hydroxyl compound (dihydric alcohol or dihydric phenol), N,N ⁇ -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4- Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and p-toluenesulfonic acid ( p -TsOH) were dissolved in dichloromethane, protected by nitrogen atmosphere, and alkynoic acid was added at 0°C; the reaction temperature was room temperature, and the reaction time was 12 to 36 hours to obtain binary Endynoate monomer.
  • DCC N,N ⁇ -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • DMAP 4- Dimethylaminopyridine
  • p-TsOH p-toluenesulfonic acid
  • the reaction raw materials are easy to obtain and can be directly purchased or synthesized through a simple reaction; no by-products are generated during the reaction, which is in line with atom economy; the reaction has good compatibility with functional groups and can be applied to various monomers; at the same time Hyperbranched polymers also have a large number of terminal functional groups, which can be easily modified by introducing a variety of functional groups; therefore, this polymerization reaction has important application value in the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers and the preparation of functional polymer materials.
  • the circles are repeating units
  • the wavy lines on the benzene ring represent isomerism
  • the wavy lines at the end groups represent linking repeating units.
  • the hyperbranched polybenzoate prepared by the present invention has good solubility, and is soluble in common organic solvents at room temperature, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, N , N -dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran, etc. thermal stability.
  • the prepared hyperbranched polymer has a large number of terminal functional groups that can be further modified; because this type of polymer contains ester groups that can be degraded under alkaline conditions, it has potential applications in the biomedical field; and the hyperbranched polymer of the present invention has The performance of AIE can be used as a fluorescent sensor, for example, it can be used to detect polynitroaromatic explosives, and has an important application prospect in preventing explosive attacks. Therefore, the present invention also discloses the application of the hyperbranched polybenzoic acid ester in the detection of biomedical materials and polynitroaromatic explosives.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of hyperbranched polybenzoate of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is the H NMR spectrum of the hyperbranched polybenzoate prepared in Example 1 and its corresponding monomer in CDCl3 ("*" represents the solvent peak).
  • Fig. 3 is the dissolving diagram of the hyperbranched polybenzoate prepared in embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a thermogravimetric curve diagram of the hyperbranched polybenzoate prepared in Example 1 and Example 10 respectively, the test condition: under nitrogen atmosphere, the heating rate is 10°C/min.
  • Fig. 5 is the degradation time curve and degradation photo of the hyperbranched polybenzoate prepared in Example 10.
  • Fig. 6 is the AIE curve diagram of the hyperbranched polybenzoate prepared in embodiment 10.
  • Fig. 7 is the fluorescence spectrogram of detecting picric acid in the aggregated state of hyperbranched polybenzoate prepared in Example 10.
  • Fig. 1 is the general structure diagram of hyperbranched polybenzoate of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 : .
  • the system was reacted at 115 °C for 18 h. After the reaction, it was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 3 mL of chloroform, and added dropwise to 150 mL of conventionally stirred methanol through a dropper plugged with cotton. Stand still, filter, and dry at room temperature to constant weight to obtain a polymer. Characterization data: yellow solid, yield: 61.5%.
  • the results of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the weight average molecular weight ( M w ) was 26000, and the molecular weight distribution (PDI) was 2.34.
  • the content of isomer A in the polymer is 88%, which shows that the polymerization reaction has a high stereoregularity.
  • the peak area of (a 1 , a 2 ) calculates that the degree of branching of the polymer is 0.72, which is larger than that of conventional hyperbranched polymers (usually about 0.5) ( Macromolecules 1997 , 30 , 7024-7033), indicating that The resulting polymer possesses a highly branched structure.
  • the prepared polymer has good solubility and is soluble in common organic solvents at room temperature, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, N , N -dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran, etc. See Figure 3, it is completely dissolved.
  • thermogravimetric analysis shows that its 5% mass loss temperature is 330 °C, indicating that it has good thermal stability, see Figure 4.
  • Embodiment 2 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 1. Add 37.4 mg (0.10 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 115 °C for 15 h.
  • Embodiment 3 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 1. Add 37.4 mg (0.10 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 115 °C for 20 h.
  • Embodiment 4 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 1. Add 37.4 mg (0.10 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 115 °C for 24 h.
  • Embodiment 5 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 1. Add 37.4 mg (0.10 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 110 °C for 18 h.
  • Embodiment 6 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 1. Add 37.4 mg (0.10 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 100 °C for 18 h.
  • Embodiment 7 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 1. Add 29.9 mg (0.08 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 115 °C for 18 h.
  • Embodiment 8 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 1. Add 44.9 mg (0.12 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 115 °C for 18 h.
  • Embodiment 9 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 1. Add 37.4 mg (0.10 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 2.7 mg (0.010 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 115 °C for 24 h.
  • Embodiment 10 .
  • the polymer has good solubility and is soluble in common organic solvents at room temperature, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, N , N -dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran, etc., and its 5% mass loss temperature is 341 °C (Fig. 4), also has good thermal stability.
  • Embodiment 11 .
  • Embodiment 12 phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer is the same as embodiment 11. Add 38.8 mg (0.08 mmol) of phenylpropiolic acid dibasic ester monomer, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of rhodium chloride hydrate to a 10 mL polymerization tube with a sidearm. The polymerization tube was pumped with N 2 through the side arm three times, and 0.6 mL of redistilled toluene and 3.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine were added and stirred to dissolve. The system was reacted at 115 °C for 18 h.
  • Embodiment 13 .
  • Embodiment 14 .
  • Example 15 The polymers of the present invention can be hydrolyzed under basic conditions.
  • the specific experimental process is as follows: 30 mg of polymer (Example 10) was added to a 10 mL polymerization tube, stirred and dissolved (completely dissolved) with 2.9 mL of freshly distilled THF, and then 0.1 mL of 30% KOH aqueous solution was added, Stir at room temperature, take samples at different times and use petroleum ether to precipitate and test GPC to obtain a graph of the change of polymer molecular weight with degradation time (see Figure 5). It is obvious that the polymer degrades very quickly within the first 10 minutes, and the molecular weight drops to 3900. By 30 minutes, the molecular weight of the polymer has dropped to 1050, indicating that the polymer is completely degraded.
  • the polymkeric substance of embodiment 11 also has good degradability, and the initial 10 Within minutes, the molecular weight was degraded to 3000-5000, and in 30 minutes, the molecular weight of the polymer had dropped to 900-1100.
  • Example 1 also has good degradation performance. In the first 30 minutes, the molecular weight is degraded to 3000-5000, and in 60 minutes, the molecular weight is lower than 1500.
  • the polymer of the present invention is expected to be used in the field of biological and environment-friendly materials.
  • the polymer of the present invention shows weak luminescence in THF solution, and the fluorescence is significantly enhanced after adding a poor solvent (water), indicating that the polymer has AIE performance.
  • a poor solvent water
  • the polymer of Example 10 as an example: prepare a series of 10- The tetrahydrofuran/water solution of 5 mol/L hyperbranched polybenzoate, the water content is controlled from 0 to 90%, and the fluorescence spectrum is quickly tested. The results are shown in Figure 6. The fluorescence intensity of the polymer increases significantly with the increase of water content , showing obvious AIE characteristics.
  • the polymer of the invention can be used for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
  • the specific experiment is the same as the prior art, and the specific process is as follows: using picric acid (PA) as a model explosive, the process of detecting PA: first prepare a 10 -5 mol/L tetrahydrofuran aqueous solution of hyperbranched polybenzoate (The volume fraction of water is 90%) As the test substance, add the test substance PA in sequence, so that the PA concentration is 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150 , 200 ⁇ g/mL, rapid test fluorescence spectrum.
  • PA picric acid
  • the fluorescence of the detection object was very strong; when PA was added, the fluorescence weakened, and as the PA content increased sequentially, the fluorescence weakened successively, see accompanying drawing 7 (with the polymer of embodiment 10 As an example), the fluorescence weakens when the PA concentration is 0.2 ⁇ g/mL, and its fluorescence quenching constant is 7950 M -1 in the PA concentration range of 0-20 ⁇ g/mL, which shows its sensitivity to PA detection higher. It shows that the hyperbranched polybenzoate of the present invention can be used as a sensor to detect nitroaromatic explosives.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超支化聚苯甲酸酯及其制备方法与应用。以二元内炔酸酯单体为原料，辅以铑催化剂通过溶液聚合反应得到。本发明中的反应原料易得，聚合过程中没有副产物生成，符合原子经济性。该聚合反应的底物适用范围广，对官能团的兼容性好，可以很容易的引入功能性的基团。由于重复单元中含有酯基，该聚合物中可以在碱性条件下降解，可作为可降解材料。另外，本发明的聚合物具有聚集诱导发光性能，可以作为化学传感器，高灵敏度地检测多硝基芳烃类爆炸物。

Description

一种超支化聚苯甲酸酯及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于高分子化学和材料科学领域，具体涉及一种超支化聚苯甲酸酯及其制备方法与应用。
 背景技术
超支化聚合物是一类结构新颖的三维球状大分子，具有低粘度、高流变性、高支化度、大量末端官能团等独特的物理化学性质。超支化聚合物一经问世便成为了高分子与材料科学领域的研究热点，在光、电、磁、涂料和药物载体等方面都有重要的应用。超支化聚合物常用的合成策略是AB n型（n≥2）单体的自缩聚反应。然而，这种策略存在的问题是单体制备和储存都比较困难。其它合成方法（例如A 2+B 3聚合）需要严格控制单体的化学计量比，限制了其应用范围。因此开发新型的聚合反应高效地制备超支化功能聚合物具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。
乙炔[2+2+2]环三聚反应是一类经典的由碳碳三键合成苯环的反应。1948年，Repple发现，在金属催化剂的存在下，该反应的产率有明显的提高（ Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1948, 560, 104-116）。高分子化学家尝试利用炔类单体的环三聚反应制备超支化聚合物。比如，Tang课题组基于过渡金属催化的炔的环三聚反应制备了一系列的超支化聚苯（ Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 5799-5867）。但是，目前报道的聚合反应所使用的单体主要是末端炔化合物。基于内炔单体的环三聚反应制备功能性超支化聚合物的研究鲜有报道。
聚集诱导发光（Aggregation-induced emission, AIE）是2001年由香港科技大学Tang课题组报道的一种新颖的光物理现象（ Chem. Commun. 2001, 1740-1741）。不同于传统的有机发光材料，其在稀溶液下不发光或发光微弱，而在聚集态下发光增强。正是基于其独特的光物理性质，聚集诱导发光（AIE）材料在光电显示、化学检测、医疗传感等领域发挥着重要作用（ Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 11718-11940）。目前大多数的AIE研究还停留在小分子材料上，而对聚合物材料研究较少。由于聚合物拥有更好的成膜加工性能，更适合发展成为应用广泛的AIE材料。因此开发新型的聚合反应用于制备含AIE性能的聚合物材料具有潜在的应用价值。
技术问题
本发明提供了一种超支化聚苯甲酸酯，并提供了该聚合物的制备方法和应用，比如在多硝基芳烃类物质检测中的应用。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案是：一种超支化聚苯甲酸酯，具有式Ⅰ所示的结构：
Figure 634274dest_path_image001
。
上述超支化聚苯甲酸酯的制备方法为：以二元内炔酸酯单体为原料，在铑催化剂、有机胺存在下，在溶剂中聚合反应得到所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯；所述二元内炔酸酯单体的化学结构式如下：
Figure 671500dest_path_image002
。
本发明中，以炔酸和二元羟基化合物为原料，在氮气中，通过酯化反应制备二元内炔酸酯单体；炔酸的化学结构式如下：
Figure 825401dest_path_image003
。
二元羟基化合物的化学结构式如下：
Figure 973485dest_path_image004
。
本发明中，R 1选自基团3～24中的一种，R 2为基团1、基团2的一种；所述基团1～24的结构如下：
Figure 325969dest_path_image005
。
Figure 596414dest_path_image006
。
其中，m为1~18的整数；*表示取代位置。
本发明中，聚合反应在氮气气氛中进行；所述溶剂包括邻二甲苯、甲苯、二氧六环；铑催化剂为氯化铑水合物，有机胺为二异丙基乙胺。
本发明以二元内炔酸酯单体为原料，加入溶剂，在加热条件下氮气保护，加入铑催化剂/有机胺反应一定时间得到超支化聚苯甲酸酯。具体步骤如下：（1）二元内炔酸酯单体的制备：将二元羟基化合物（二元醇或二元酚）、N,Nʹ-二环己基碳二亚胺（DCC）、4-二甲氨基吡啶（DMAP）和对甲苯磺酸（ p-TsOH）溶解在二氯甲烷中，氮气氛围保护，0℃下加入炔酸；反应温度室温，反应时间为12~36小时，得到二元内炔酸酯单体。
（2）制备超支化聚苯甲酸酯：将二元内炔酸酯单体溶于溶剂中，通过溶液聚合反应得到超支化聚苯甲酸酯；具体通过溶液聚合反应得到超支化聚苯甲酯为：将二元内炔酸酯单体、氯化铑水合物加入到容器中，氯化铑水合物为二元内炔酸酯单体摩尔量的3～16%，优选为9～12%，抽真空换氮气3次，加入溶剂溶解配制成单体浓度为0.05～0.60 mol/L，优选为0.10～0.30 mol/L的混合液，加入二异丙基乙胺，浓度为0.02～0.10mol/L，优选为0.04～0.06 mol/L；开始聚合，聚合温度为70～130 ℃，优选为100～120 ℃，时间为6～48小时，优选为12～24小时，反应完毕得到聚合物溶液，再经后处理得到所述的超支化聚苯甲酸酯；后处理为聚合物溶液经氯仿稀释后，滴入甲醇中，沉淀得到超支化聚苯甲酸酯。所述的溶剂可选用常见的高沸点溶剂，如邻二甲苯（ o-Xylene）、甲苯（Toluene）、二氧六环（1,4-Dioxane）等。
本发明中，反应原料易得，可以直接购买或者通过简单的反应合成；反应过程中没有副产物生成，符合原子经济性；该反应对官能团的兼容性较好，可以适用多种单体；同时超支化聚合物还有大量末端官能团，可方便的引入多种功能性基团进行修饰；因此，该聚合反应在超支化聚合物的合成及功能性聚合物材料的制备方面具有重要的应用价值。
上述反应通式为：
Figure 299928dest_path_image007
。
上述产物结构式中，圆圈为重复单元，苯环上的波浪线表示异构，端基的波浪线表示连接重复单元。
 有益效果
本发明制备的超支化聚苯甲酸酯具有较好的溶解性，室温下可溶于常见的有机溶剂，如氯仿、二氯甲烷、 N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃等，较高的热稳定性。所制备的超支化聚合物具有大量末端官能团可以进一步修饰功能；由于该类聚合物含有酯基可在碱性条件下降解，在生物医用领域具有潜在的应用；且本发明的超支化聚合物具有AIE性能，可作为荧光传感器，比如可用于检测多硝基芳烃类爆炸物，在防止爆炸袭击方面具有重要的应用前景。因此本发明还公开了上述超支化聚苯甲酸酯在生物医用材料、多硝基芳烃类爆炸物的检测中的应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明超支化聚苯甲酸酯的结构图。
图2为实施例1制备的超支化聚苯甲酸酯及其相应单体在CDCl 3中的核磁共振氢谱图（“*”代表溶剂峰）。
图3为实施例1制备的超支化聚苯甲酸酯的溶解图。
图4为实施例1和实施例10分别制备的超支化聚苯甲酸酯的热失重曲线图，测试条件：氮气气氛下，升温速率为10℃/min。
图5为实施例10制备的超支化聚苯甲酸酯的降解时间曲线图以及降解照片。
图6为实施例10制备的超支化聚苯甲酸酯的AIE曲线图。
图7为实施例10制备的超支化聚苯甲酸酯聚集态下检测苦味酸的荧光光谱图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将通过实施实例具体描述本反应，但本发明的保护范围不限于以下实施例，本发明将二元内炔酸酯单体溶于溶剂中，通过溶液聚合反应得到超支化聚苯甲酸酯，图1为本发明超支化聚苯甲酸酯的结构通式图。
实施例 1 ：
Figure 923807dest_path_image008
。
（1）单体的合成：向装有油水分离器的250 mL双口烧瓶中加入1，6-己二醇1.18 g (10 mmol)、对甲苯磺酸0.190 g (1.0 mmol)、苯丙炔酸3.65 g (25 mmol)，加入100 mL甲苯，加热回流24小时后，浓缩反应液，二氯甲烷萃取，碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤，有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥，过滤后减压蒸馏溶剂，硅胶柱色谱分离，洗脱剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯（20:1，v/v）的混合溶剂，产物真空干燥至恒重，得到白色固体2.40 g (产率64.2%)，为苯丙炔酸二元酯单体。 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3), δ (TMS, ppm): 7.59 (d, 4H), 7.45 (t, 2H), 7.37 (t, 4H), 4.24 (t, 4H), 1.75 (q, 4H), 1.47 (p, 4H)；（2）聚合物的制备：向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入37.4 mg (0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。表征数据：黄色固体，产率为：61.5%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为26000，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.34。 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3), δ (TMS, ppm): δ 7.32, 7.21-7.08, 7.00, 4.07-4.01, 3.82, 3.51, 1.60-0.69。该聚合物与其相应的单体的核磁共振氢谱对比图见附图2，从图中可以确定该聚合物为超支化聚苯甲酸酯，其中单体在δ 4.25处有共振吸收峰，在聚合物中该峰消失了，而出现了三个新峰δ 4.04 (a 1, a 2), δ 3.82 (b) and δ 3.51 (c, d), 证明该聚合反应发生了，并且该聚合物中存在A和B两种异构体。根据聚合物谱图中b和(c, d)的积分面积计算得到聚合物中异构体A的含量为88%，表明该聚合反应具有较高的立构规整性，另外可进一步根据δ 4.04 (a 1, a 2)的峰面积计算得出聚合物的支化度为0.72，大于常规超支化聚合物的支化度（通常约为0.5）（ Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7024-7033），表明所得的的聚合物拥有高度支化结构。所制备的聚合物具有较好的溶解性，常温下可溶于常见的有机溶剂，如氯仿、二氯甲烷、 N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃等，参见图3，完全溶解。此外热失重分析显示其5%质量损失温度在330 ℃，说明其具有较好的热稳定性，参见图4。
实施例 2 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例1。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入37.4 mg (0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应15 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。产率为：50.8%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为20500，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.15。
实施例 3 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例1。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入37.4 mg (0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应20 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。产率为：53.5%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为23300，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.11。
实施例 4 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例1。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入37.4 mg (0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应24 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。产率为：60.2%。该聚合物在四氢呋喃中未能完全溶解（设计浓度40 mg/mL）。
实施例 5 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例1。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入37.4 mg (0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于110 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。产率为：52.1%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为20300，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.33。
实施例 6 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例1。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入37.4 mg (0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于100 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。产率为：40.1%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为16400，分子量分布 (PDI) 为1.96。
实施例 7 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例1。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入29.9 mg (0.08 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。产率为：40.3%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为17400，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.18。
实施例 8 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例1。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入44.9 mg (0.12 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。产率为：64.7%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为28600，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.53。该聚合物在四氢呋喃中未能完全溶解（设计浓度40mg/mL）。
实施例 9 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例1。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入37.4 mg(0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，2.7 mg (0.010 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应24 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。产率为：26.7%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为19400，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.03。
实施例 10 ：
Figure 661956dest_path_image009
。
 （1）单体的合成：向250 mL两口瓶中加入7.93 g（40 mmol）4-羟基二苯甲酮，10.46 g（160 mmol）锌粉，抽真空充氮气三次，注入100 mL新蒸的四氢呋喃。然后将装置放入冰水浴中，缓慢注入15.17 g（80 mmol）四氯化钛。在0 ℃保温半小时后恢复到室温，并置于75 ℃恒温油浴锅中反应过夜。反应结束后，加入100 mL10%的碳酸钾溶液猝灭，乙酸乙酯萃取，取有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥，过滤后减压蒸馏溶剂，得到粗产物。向250 mL双口烧瓶中加入上一步的粗产物、6.19 g (30 mmol) N,N-二环己基碳酰亚胺（DCC）、0.49 g (4 mmol) 4-二甲氨基吡啶（DMAP）、0.76 g (4 mmol) 对甲苯磺酸水合物（ p-TsOH），抽充氮气三次后，加入60 mL新蒸的二氯甲烷溶解。然后将装置放入冰水浴中，通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加溶于20 mL二氯甲烷的苯丙炔酸（3.65 g, 25 mmol）溶液，随后置于室温下反应，反应结束后，过滤除去不溶物，将溶剂通过减压蒸馏除去，硅胶柱色谱分离，洗脱剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯（20:1, v/v）混合溶剂，产物真空干燥至恒重，得到白色固体1.40 g（产率22.6%），为苯丙炔酸二元酯单体。 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3): δ 7.61 (m, 4H), 7.51-7.38 (m, 6H), 7.11–6.93 (m, 18H)。
（2）聚合物的制备：向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入62.1 mg (0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。表征数据：黄色固体，产率为：56.4%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为14800，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.92。 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3), δ (TMS, ppm): 7.39, 7.16, 7.05, 6.29, 5.85。该聚合物具有好的溶解性，常温下可溶于常见的有机溶剂，如氯仿、二氯甲烷、 N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃等，其5%质量损失温度为341 ℃（图4），同样具有较好的热稳定性。
另外将上述聚合反应时间降低至12 h，也可以得到聚合物，凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为8200，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.26。同样具有AIE性能。
实施例 11 ：
Figure 112090dest_path_image010
。
（1）单体的合成：向250 mL双口烧瓶中加入2.28 g (10 mmol) 双酚A、6.20 g (30 mmol) DCC、0.49 g (4 mmol) DMAP、0.76 g (4 mmol) p-TsOH，抽充氮气三次。加入60 mL 新蒸的二氯甲烷溶解，然后将装置放入冰水浴中，通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加溶于20 mL二氯甲烷的苯丙炔酸（3.65 g, 25 mmol）溶液，随后置于室温下反应，反应结束后，过滤除去不溶物，减压蒸馏除去溶剂，硅胶柱色谱分离，洗脱剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯（20:1, v/v）混合溶剂，产物真空干燥至恒重，得到白色固体3.60 g （产率74.4%），为苯丙炔酸二元酯单体。 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3), δ (TMS, ppm): 7.62 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.37 (m, 6H), 7.29 (d, 4H), 7.10 (d, 4H), 1.69 (s, 6H)。
（2）聚合物的制备：向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入48.4 mg (0.10 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应12 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。表征数据：黄色固体，产率为：55.8%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为15100，分子量分布 (PDI) 为2.95。该聚合物具有较好的溶解性，常温下可溶于常见的有机溶剂，如氯仿、二氯甲烷、 N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃等，同样具有较好的可加工性和热稳定性。
实施例 12 ：苯丙炔酸二元酯单体同实施例11。向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入38.8 mg (0.08 mmol)苯丙炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。表征数据：黄色固体，产率为：55.1%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为9100，分子量分布 (PDI) 为1.98。
实施例 13 ：
Figure 37321dest_path_image011
。
向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入36.0 mg (0.10 mmol)丁炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中。静置，过滤，室温干燥至恒重得到聚合物。表征数据：淡黄色固体，产率为：27.8%。凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC) 结果显示：重均分子量( M w)为4200，分子量分布 (PDI) 为1.80。
实施例 14 ：
Figure 527208dest_path_image012
。
向带有侧臂的10 mL聚合管中加入22.2 mg (0.10 mmol)丁炔酸二元酯单体，3.2 mg (0.012 mmol)的氯化铑水合物。通过侧臂对聚合管抽充N 2三次，加入0.6 mL重蒸的甲苯和3.9 mg (0.03 mmol)的二异丙基乙胺，搅拌溶解。将体系置于115 ℃反应18 h，反应结束后，冷却至室温，TLC监测发现存在大量原料，用3 mL三氯甲烷稀释，通过塞有棉花的滴管逐滴滴加到150 mL常规搅拌的甲醇中，观察极少聚合物沉出，产率6.8%。
实施例 15 ：本发明的聚合物可以在碱性条件下水解。具体实验过程如下：取30 mg聚合物（实施例10）加入10 mL的聚合管中，用2.9 mL新鲜蒸馏的THF搅拌溶解（完全溶解），然后加入0.1 mL质量分数为30%的KOH水溶液，在室温下搅拌，不同时间取样用石油醚析出并测试GPC，得到聚合物分子量随降解时间变化曲线图（见附图5）。很明显看到该聚合物在开始的10 min内降解的就非常快，分子量降至3900，到30 min，聚合物分子量已经降至1050，表明聚合物降解完全。
同样的实验下，实施例11的聚合物也具有好的降解性能，开始的10 min内，分子量降解为3000～5000，30分钟时，聚合物分子量已经降至900～1100。实施例1也具有好的降解性能，开始的30 min内，分子量降解为3000～5000，60分钟时，分子量低于1500。
因此本发明聚合物有望被用于生物和环境友好型材料领域。
此外本发明聚合物表现出在THF溶液中发光微弱，加入不良溶剂（水）后荧光显著增强的现象，表明该聚合物具有AIE性能，以实施例10的聚合物为例：配制一系列10 -5 mol/L的超支化聚苯甲酸酯的四氢呋喃/水溶液，含水量控制为0到90%，快速测试荧光光谱，结果见附图6，聚合物的荧光强度随水含量的增加而明显增强，表现出明显的AIE特性。
由于拥有AIE性能，本发明聚合物可以用于硝基芳烃类爆炸物的检测。具体实验与现有技术一样，具体过程如下：以苦味酸（picric acid，PA）为模型爆炸物，检测PA的过程：首先配制10 -5 mol/L的超支化聚苯甲酸酯的四氢呋喃水溶液（水的体积分数为90%）作为检测物，依次加入被检测物PA，使PA浓度分别为0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10、20、30、50、80、100、120、150、200 μg/mL，快速测试荧光光谱。结果发现：当不加PA时，检测物的荧光非常强；加入PA时，荧光减弱，并且随着加入PA含量的依次增大，荧光依次减弱，见附图7（以实施例10的聚合物为例），PA浓度为0.2 μg/mL就可以看出荧光减弱，其在0～20 μg/mL的PA浓度范围内的荧光猝灭常数为7950 M -1，这说明其对PA检测的灵敏度较高。表明本发明的超支化聚苯甲酸酯可以作为传感器用检测硝基芳烃类爆炸物。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超支化聚苯甲酸酯，具有式Ⅰ所示的结构：
    Figure 245988dest_path_image001
    其中，R 1选自基团3～24中的一种，R 2为基团1、基团2的一种；所述基团1～24的结构如下：
    Figure 846734dest_path_image002
    Figure 903551dest_path_image003
    其中，m为1~18的整数；*表示取代位置。
  2. 权利要求1所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯的制备方法，其特征在于：以二元内炔酸酯单体为原料，在铑催化剂、有机胺存在下，在溶剂中聚合反应得到所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯；所述二元内炔酸酯单体的化学结构式如下：
    Figure 247945dest_path_image004
    。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚合反应在氮气气氛中进行；所述溶剂包括邻二甲苯、甲苯、二氧六环；铑催化剂为氯化铑水合物，有机胺为二异丙基乙胺。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯的制备方法，其特征在于：以炔酸和二元羟基化合物为原料，在氮气中，通过酯化反应制备二元内炔酸酯单体。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚合反应的温度为70℃～130℃，时间为6～48小时。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯的制备方法，其特征在于：将二元内炔酸酯单体、铑催化剂、有机胺加入溶剂组成反应体系，然后聚合反应得到所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯；铑催化剂的用量为二元内炔酸酯单体摩尔量的3~16 %；反应体系中，有机胺的浓度为0.02~0.10mol/L，二元内炔酸酯单体的浓度为0.05~0.60 mol/L。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯的制备方法，其特征在于：铑催化剂的用量为二元内炔酸酯单体摩尔量的9~12%；反应体系中，有机胺的浓度为0.04~0.06mol/L，二元内炔酸酯单体的浓度为0.1~0.3 mol/L。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯的制备方法，其特征在于：聚合反应结束后，反应溶液经氯仿稀释后滴入甲醇中，沉淀得到超支化聚苯甲酸酯。
  9. 权利要求1所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯在检测多硝基芳烃类化合物中的应用。
  10. 权利要求1所述超支化聚苯甲酸酯在制备可降解材料中的应用。
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